专题九 定语从句 专题 课件-2026届高三英语一轮复习

专题九　定语从句 1.限制性定语从句VS非限制性定语从句 重难透析 限制性 定语从句 对先行词起修饰、限制作用,是先行词不可缺少的定语,如果省略,所修饰的先行词往往不明确,因此前面不用逗号 非限制性 定语从句 为先行词提供补充信息,起附加说明作用,即使去掉也不会影响先行词的明确性,常用逗号与主句隔开;除用于对具体事物补充信息外,还可以是针对整个主句内容的说明 All researchers know the famous agricultural scientist who has made great contributions to solving the problem .(若把从句去掉,则不知道是哪位科学家) 所有研究人员都知道这位著名的农业科学家,他为解决这个问题做出了巨大的贡献。 All researchers know the famous physical scientist Madame Curie, who has made a great discovery in science .(若把从句去掉,仍然知道是哪位科学家) 所有研究人员都知道著名的物理科学家居里夫人,她在科学上有一个伟大的发现。 The president attended the graduation ceremony, which made all participants delighted .(针对整个主句内容的说明) 总统出席了毕业典礼,大家都很高兴。 2.关系代词与关系副词的选择 　　定语从句该使用关系代词还是关系副词,关键在于去掉关系词后,句子是否缺少主 语、宾语、表语或定语。试比较: Is this the factory that/which you visited last year?(visited是及物动词,缺宾语) Is this the factory where you worked last year?(worked是不及物动词,不缺宾语) Is this the factory which you worked in last year?(last year是时间状语,介词in 后缺少宾语) Is this the factory where you worked in 2023?(in 2023是时间状语,worked是 不及物动词,后不缺宾语) 关系代词 3.宜用that不用which的情况 情况 示例 当先行词是all、little、much、few、everything、noth- ing、none等不定代词或被all、little、much、few、ev- ery、no等修饰时 Lincoln's stepmother did everything that she could do to help him get more books. 林肯的继母尽其所能帮他买更多的书。 当先行词是形容词最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级 或序数词修饰时 This is the most awesome journey that the tourists have ever taken.这是游客们经历过的最棒的旅程。 当先行词前有the last、the only、the very、the same、 the right等词修饰时 The only thing that matters is that safety should be given the highest priority.唯一重要的是安全应该被放在首位。 情况 示例 当先行词既有人又有物时 Later the old friends talked of things and persons that they remembered in high school. 后来,老朋友们谈到了他们记得的高中时的事和人。 当句中有两个定语从句时,若其中一个关系代词用了 which,另一个关系代词应用that The businessman built up a small factory, which produced things that were suitable for children. 这个商人建了一家小工厂,生产适合孩子们用的东西。 4.宜用which不用that的情况 (1)引导非限制性定语从句时 Grammar, which perhaps you do not like very much, can help you to speak and write good English. 或许你并不太喜欢语法,它却可以帮助你说出或写出好英语。 (2)当先行词指物,且关系词前有介词时 Fever is a condition in which the body temperature is higher than normal. 发烧是体温高于正常温度的一种状况。 5.who、whom、whose的区别 This is the man who broke the law.(作主语,用who)这就是那个违法的人。 This is the man whom/who I discussed that with.(作宾语,who/whom均可) 这就是和我讨论过那件事的那个人。 This is the man with whom I discussed that.(介词提到关系词之前时,只能用 whom)这就是和我讨论过那件事的那个人。 There are a large number of patent examiners, whose only job is to examine whether your claim is valid or not.(作定语,用whose) 有一大批专利审查人员,专门负责审查你的专利申请是否有效。 6.as的用法 (1)as的基本用法 ①引导限制性定语从句时,常用于such...as、as/so...as、the same...as结构。先行词 既可以指人又可以指物。as在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语。 The teacher asked such a difficult question as no one could answer. 老师问了一个没有人能答出来的难题。 ②引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词为整个主句,可表示与前面的情况相同。 I travel to Binhai New Area by light railway every day, as do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin. 我每天乘轻轨去滨海新区,和住在天津市中心的许多商人一样。 (2)as与which(引导非限制性定语从句) ①as引导的从句可置于句首、句中或句末,而which引导的从句只能置于先行词后。 As we know, the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to global warming. 正如我们所知,全球水资源短缺正变得越来越严重,主要是由于全球变暖。 ②as引导非限制性定语从句时可以表达“正如”之意,而which无此意。 As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” 正如中国哲学家老子所写:“千里之行,始于足下。” the same...as...与the same...that... This is the same dictionary as I lost.(同类不同物) 这本词典和我丢的那本一样。 This is the same dictionary that I lost.(同类同物) 这是我丢的那本词典。 介词+关系代词 7.“介词+关系代词”结构 ①当介词放在关系代词前面时,关系代词常用which(指代物)或whom(指代人),并且 不能省略。 In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在黑暗的街道上,没有一个她可以求助的人。 ②“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,可用与之意义对应的关系副词when、where、 why替换。 It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which(=where) symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.它 可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨——动物骨头和贝壳的时期,中国古人在其上雕刻符号。 8.“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选用 　　“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选用,应根据先行词的搭配、从句中动词/形容 词的固定搭配以及从句的具体意义来确定。 I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. (during the time)我永远不会忘记我在乡下度过童年的那段时光。 The man to whom I talked is our principal.(talk to sb.) 跟我说话的那个人是我们的校长。 The two things about which Tom was not sure were grammar and idioms. (be sure about)汤姆没有把握的两件事是语法和成语。 知识拓展    介词+关系代词+不定式 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句有时可以与“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构进行 转换。 I went to the shop in which I bought the precious gift . →I went to the shop in which to buy the precious gift . 我去了买那件珍贵礼物的商店。 关系副词 9.where的用法 　　关系副词where的先行词除了可以是表示具体地点的词外,还可以是case、 condition、part、point、situation、stage等表示抽象地点的词。 It's helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.让孩子们处在他们能以不同的方式看待自己的状况中是有帮助的。 注意　occasion作先行词时,若指“时候;时刻;时机”,要用关系副词when;若指 “仪式;庆典;场合”,则要用关系副词where。 I can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel the meeting because of ill health.我记得他因健康状况不佳而被迫取消会议的情况绝无仅有。 知识拓展    介词+关系副词 有时为了表达清晰,可以在关系副词where或when前加介词。 The wretched man stood at the top of the hill, from where he caught sight of the whole city in fire. 这个可怜的人站在山顶上,从那里他看到了整个城市在大火中。 The book was written in 1946, since when the education system has witnessed great changes. 这本书写于1946年,自那时起,教育体系发生了巨大变化。 10.way作先行词时关系词的选用 　　way作先行词且从句成分完整时,用that或in which,也可以省略关系词。 The way (that/in which) the engineer solved the serious problem is very good. 工程师解决这个严重问题的方法很好。 题组一 1. Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all ____ was left was pure water. 2. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special ed- ucation students, many of ____ have emotional control issues. 3. Do you know the reason for _____ he is absent? 4. Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and _____ recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. whose which whom that 考点针对练 5. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies, _____ would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. 6. They're all situations _____ we could use a little extra patience. 7. When he was working there, he caught a serious illness from _____ effects he still suf- fers. 8. Gone are the days ____ we spent time fishing and swimming in the unpolluted river. 9. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, _____ thousands were attending a water conference. where when whose where which 10. When deeply absorbed in work, __ he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping. 11. Rankings, however, are only one reason ___ a low value is placed on teaching in high- er education. 12. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of _____ will be graded. 13. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., _____ recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. 14. “The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven't already, is in late middle age ____ the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. when which which why as 15. It's said that he's looking for a new job, one _____ he can get more money to support his family. 16. My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, ____, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory. 17. In front of the cafe is a tourism highway, _____ connects the store with many artistic villages along the mountain range. which when where 题组二 18. For those ___ want to experience the hustle and bustle of Chengdu, Chunxi Road and Taikoo Li in the city center are the top choices. 19. His reply to “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?” was a determined “Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things ____ other people make.” 20. In the times ____ the Grand Canal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, directly connected Beijing in the north and Hangzhou in the south, Anhui traders fanned out across China. 21. Technology has quickened the rate at _____ we communicate with the world around us. 22. It is known to us all that the old scientist, for ____ life was hard in the past, still works hard in his eighties. whom which when that who 23. For the past year, all the leftover food waste from the school has gone into composting containers rather than a landfill _____ it would be buried and would produce planet-warm- ing gases. 24. Some of these are famous, but Singapore has one special way, _____ you may not know about. 25. The team is devoted to protecting the 45,000 square meters of murals(壁画) and more than 2,400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site, the construction of _____ took about a thousand years, from the 4th century to the 14th century. which which where 26. Their vlogs show eager food enthusiasts lining up on the streets, many of ____ trav- eled from cities far away. 27. Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, _____ overall consumption is sig- nificantly higher than that of women. 28. By nine o'clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qo- molangma, above _____ appeared a rare rainbow soon. 29. In 1924, with her admission application to the architecture program of the University of Pennsylvania rejected, Lin Huiyin had to study in the only department ____ accepted female students—the School of Fine Arts. that which whose whom 30. Its principles are in line with the philosophical concepts of traditional Chinese medicine, _____ emphasizes comprehensive treatment, meridian(经脉) adjustment and bal- ance of bodily functions. 31. __ David Myers points out, “Actual income doesn't much influence happiness; how satisfied we are with our income does. If we're content with our income, regardless of how much it is, we're likely to say we're happy. To put it another way, satisfaction isn't so much getting what you want as wanting what you have.” As which 题组三 32. What they want to seek is a spiritual world in their mind _____ nature provides exactly basic elements. 33. Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs(幼兽) ____ have ever been born here. 34. Robin Williams was lucky because he was offered so many parts _____ he could be whatever he needed to be—the roles that ensured his spot among the comedy greats. 35. “I've seen those magic moments ____ children are talking to someone they are in- spired by—their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. 36. Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, ___ will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight. who when where that where 37. People want to listen to someone ___ is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. 38. That's such a well-known place __ everyone wants to visit, and we can find it on the map of the world. 39. In the case of a “black hole”, we think of an infinity of black nothingness that swal- lows everything ____ slips into it. 40. In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm, ____ many people have gone home. 41. Perhaps that is the only point with _____ I completely agree. which when that as who 42. A lot of famous singers and actors came to the party with ____ we are very familiar. 43. After being carefully folded and placed in a bamboo basket _____ they are then heated up and steamed slowly, the dumplings will be served to customers. 44. A company _____ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. 45. Nearly 800 new pupils of that school are reported to have received a unique gift: an admission letter _____ their names are written by teachers using a Chinese writing brush. 46. Researchers at a Massachusetts university are creating the first robot ____ can constantly change its shape according to the task it has to do. that where whose where whom 47. An expert in Chinese character culture has been invited to the campus, _____ major re- sponsibility is to teach students how to use the ancient printing technology. 48. It is an urgent response to crises such as resource exhaustion and a net loss of biodiver- sity __________ we humans are faced with. 49. “Our candidacy for UNESCO was supported by China, for _____ we are so grate- ful,” says Salles. 50. An official at the Royal Commission for AlUla says, “We've adopted a varied strategy to meet the needs of Chinese tourists, _____ features cultural, historical and luxury experi- ences.” which which that/which whose $