专题4 第7讲 定语从句(课件PPT)-【精讲精练】2026年高考英语一轮复习（人教版）

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专题四　五彩缤纷的从句：三大从句和特殊句式 1 练技法 巩固提升 栏目导航 栏目导航 专题四　五彩缤纷的从句：三大从句和特殊句式 1 栏目导航 专题四　五彩缤纷的从句：三大从句和特殊句式 1 栏目导航 专题四　五彩缤纷的从句：三大从句和特殊句式 1 栏目导航 专题四　五彩缤纷的从句：三大从句和特殊句式 1 栏目导航 专题四　五彩缤纷的从句：三大从句和特殊句式 1 栏目导航 专题四　五彩缤纷的从句：三大从句和特殊句式 1 栏目导航 专题四　五彩缤纷的从句：三大从句和特殊句式 1 栏目导航 专题四　五彩缤纷的从句：三大从句和特殊句式 1 栏目导航 专题四　五彩缤纷的从句：三大从句和特殊句式 1 栏目导航 专题四　五彩缤纷的从句：三大从句和特殊句式 1 栏目导航 专题四　五彩缤纷的从句：三大从句和特殊句式 1 栏目导航 专题四　五彩缤纷的从句：三大从句和特殊句式 1 栏目导航 专题四　五彩缤纷的从句：三大从句和特殊句式 1 栏目导航 专题四　五彩缤纷的从句：三大从句和特殊句式 1 栏目导航 专题四　五彩缤纷的从句：三大从句和特殊句式 1 栏目导航 专题四　五彩缤纷的从句：三大从句和特殊句式 1 栏目导航 专题四　五彩缤纷的从句：三大从句和特殊句式 1 栏目导航 专题四　五彩缤纷的从句：三大从句和特殊句式 1 谢谢观看 栏目导航 专题四　五彩缤纷的从句：三大从句和特殊句式 1 定语从句是修饰主句中 某一名词(短语)或代词(有时也可以修饰整个主句或主句的一部分)的从句，被修饰的对象称为先行词，一般由关系词(包括关系代词和关系副词)引导，作用相当于形容词。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 考点一　关系代词引导的定语从句 1．关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 先行词 用法 who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) whose 人或物 定语 that 人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) as 人或物 引导限制性定语从句时，先行词指人或物，通常与such，the same等连用，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词只能是整个主句 例句 ◎Do you know the person (who/that/whom) you are speaking to? 你认识和你说话的那个人吗？ ◎He is no longer the boy that/who he was twenty years ago. 他再不是20年前的那个男孩子了。 ◎The book (that/which) you are reading is written by Mark Twain. 你正在读的那本书是马克·吐温写的。 ◎Football is a game that/which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩喜欢的运动。 例句 ◎Workers built shelters for survivors whose/of whom homes had been destroyed.工人们为家园被毁的幸存者修建避难所。 ◎In the last exam，he made the same mistake as you made. 在上次考试中，他犯了和你一样的错误。 ◎These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected. 这些房子以人们期望的低价出售了。 2.关系代词的用法区别 (1)that和which 当先行词指物时，限制性定语从句的引导词既可以用that，又可以用which。但下列几种情况下宜用that不用which： ①当先行词是everything，anything，nothing，all，none，few，little，some等不定代词，或被every，any，all，some，no，little，few，much等修饰时。 ◎There is little that I can do for you.几乎没有什么我能为你做的了。 ◎Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said? 李老师说的话你都记下来了吗？ ②当先行词被序数词修饰时。 ◎The first place that they visited in London was Big Ben.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 ③当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。 ◎This is the most awesome journey that the tourists have ever taken.这是游客们经历过的最棒的旅程。 ④当先行词被the very，the only等修饰时。 ◎After the fire in his house，the old car was the only thing that he owned.家里发生火灾后，那辆旧车是他唯一拥有的东西。 ⑤当先行词既有人又有物时。 ◎They talked about the people and things that they saw in that country.他们谈论在那个国家见到的人和事。 (2)as和which as，which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，区别如下： as which 从句 位置 可置于句首、句中、句末 从句一般只能置于先行词后 先行词 只能是整个主句 可以是名词或代词，也可以是整个主句或主句的部分内容 意义 意为“正如，好像” 意为“这一点”或“这件事” 示例 As Aristotle said，no one would choose to live without friends，even if he had all other goods. 正如亚里士多德所说：没有人愿意过百善俱全而独缺朋友的生活。 The president attended the graduation ceremony，which made all participants delighted.校长出席了毕业典礼，大家都很高兴。 单句语法填空 ①(2024·郑州三模) Tom's love for the Chinese bamboo flute started in elementary school，_____ clear sound guided him onto the road of flute learning. ②(2024·杭州质检)When performing Beijing Opera，artists follow the established formats of singing，reciting，acting and martial arts，_____ are the four core elements and skills of Beijing Opera. ③(2024·长沙雅礼中学模拟)In recognition of individual preferences，we have selected the very lineup(阵容)____ represents diverse music genres such as pop and rock. 考点二　关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 用法 例句 when 先行词通常是时间名词，在从句中作时间状语(可与介词＋ which互换) There comes a time when/in which the old must give way to the new.新旧更替的时代已经到来。 where 先行词通常是地点名词，也可以是表示抽象地点的名词(如point，situation，stage等)，在从句中作地点状语(可与at/in which互换) In many of the places where/in which the butterfly can be found，people are destroying the natural environment.在许多可以发现这种蝴蝶的地方，人们正在破坏那里的自然环境。 He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.他陷入了难以判断对错的境地。 why 先行词是reason，在从句中作原因状语(可与for which互换) Tell me the reason why/for which you were absent yesterday.告诉我你昨天缺席的原因。 当时间名词、地点名词和reason在从句中作主语或宾语时，用关系代词引导定语从句。 单句语法填空 ①Woesler said that one of the reasons ___ modern Chinese literature has attracted him is that many works have strong regional characteristics. ②According to experts，this type of Chinese folk art originated from the Ming Dynasty ____ sugar animals and figures were created as part of ceremonies for sacrifice. ③The Xishuangbanna Wild Elephant Valley is China's first national theme park for the animal.The valley including a museum claims to be the only place _____ visitors can safely observe wild Asian elephants. 考点三　“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1．当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词常用which(指代物)或whom(指代人)，并且不能省略。whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰人或物时，“whose＋名词”可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom/which”。 ◎The newly built cafe，the walls of which(＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，它的墙壁被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，这真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 2．名词/数词/代词等＋of＋关系代词 “one/two/some/most/all/both/neither/none/...＋of＋which/whom”表示部分与整体的关系，有时可以把表示部分的词放在of which/whom的后面。 ◎There are about 400 students in our grade，most of whom are from Haidian District. 我们年级大约有400名学生，其中大多数来自海淀区。 ◎Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels. 上星期日我从书店买了一些书，其中三本是英文小说。 单句语法填空 ①Much of the early tea in China was grown on small farms and plantations，many of _____ were tended by Buddhist monks. ②Shi Shen was referred to as one of the outstanding contributors to world astronomy，after ____ the largest crater (环形山) on the back of the moon was named. ③To create a brighter future，we should do our best to build our society into one in _____ every member lives healthily and harmoniously. ◆技法图解 ◆学以致用 1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design，to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 2．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念)Tang Xianzu，________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，” add an international character to Stratford­upon­Avon，William Shakespeare's hometown. 3．(2024·全国甲卷) Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell­Saint Elias in southern Alaska，________ became a national monument in 1978，took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 4．(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings，Beijing is also a place________ welcomes the fast­paced development of modern life. 5．(2023·全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America ________all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co­existence with its surroundings. 1．解析　that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少引导定语从句并在从句中作主语的关系代词。先行词为the Silk Route，故填that/which。 2．解析　who　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空白处所在的从句是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代先行词Tang Xianzu，故填关系代词who。 3．解析　which　考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词是Wrangell­Saint Elias，应用which。 4．解析　that/which　考查定语从句。句意：除了它的全部古建筑，北京也是一个接纳现代生活快节奏发展的地方。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为地点名词place，但从句中缺少主语，故填that/which。 5．解析　where　考查定语从句。句意：在美国的中心地带曾经有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都享受着与周围环境的和平共处。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2023·全国甲卷)Yet，the form of the fable still has values today，________ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” 解析　as　考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如蕾切尔·卡森在《明天的寓言》中所说的那样，这种寓言形式在今天仍然有价值。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语，且先行词是前面的整个主句，此处表示“正如”。故填as。 2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 解析　that　考查定语从句。句意：大熊猫国家公园旨在为生活在大熊猫活动范围内的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。分析句式结构可知，此处缺少定语从句的关系代词。先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。 3．A strong flavor means a lot for Northerners，who achieve this with salt and strong seasonings(佐料)，compared with people in the South ________ preference is dishes lighter in flavor. 解析　whose　考查定语从句。句意：与喜欢口味清淡菜肴的南方人相比，对于北方人而言，浓郁的口味意义重大，他们通过盐和强烈的佐料来实现这一点。空处引导定语从句，从句修饰先行词people，关系词在从句中作定语修饰 preference，故用whose。 4．(2025·鹰潭一模) For those ________ want to experience the hustle and bustle of Chengdu，Chunxi Road and Taikoo Li in the city center are the top choices. 解析　who　考查定语从句。句意：对于那些想体验成都喧嚣的人，市中心的春熙路和太古里是首选。设空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代先行词those。those(指人)作先行词时，关系代词常用who。 5．(2024·镇江适应性练习) Sitting in Quanzhou City，________ the ancient Maritime Silk Road started，it has sold like hotcakes at home and abroad since the Song Dynasty. 解析　where　考查定语从句。句意：它产于古代海上丝绸之路的起始点泉州市，自宋代以来就在国内外畅销。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作状语，先行词为Quanzhou City(表示地点)，故填关系副词where。 6．(2024·贵州六校联盟联考三)Craftsmen can make and process the components in advance and quickly put them together on site，________ is simple and efficient. 解析　which　考查定语从句。句意：工匠可以提前制作和加工部件，并在现场快速组装，这简单高效。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代整个主句的内容，故填关系代词 which。 7．The Hugo Awards are voted on by members of the World is also Science Fiction Convention，________ responsible for administering them. 解析　which　考查定语从句。句意：雨果奖由世界科幻小说协会的成员投票产生，并负责管理。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺主语，先行词是表示物的the World Science Fiction Convention。故填 which。 8．(2024·南通调研) The Chinese language is increasingly becoming the very bond ________ links friendly relations between China and the world，particularly Slovenia，and promotes mutual understanding and trust between Chinese and Slovenian people. 解析　that　考查定语从句。句意：汉语正日益成为连接中国与世界，特别是斯洛文尼亚友好关系的纽带，促进了中国和斯洛文尼亚人民的相互了解和信任。设空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代先行词 bond，且先行词被 the very修饰，故填关系代词 that。 9．(2024·佛山一模)However，none of the 20，000 spectators ________ made their way to the year's final game had to pay for their tickets，and they were welcome to enjoy the game in creative ways. 解析　who/that　考查定语从句。句意：然而，前来观看今年最后一场比赛的两万名观众中，没有人需要为门票付费，而且欢迎他们以创造性的方式欣赏比赛。设空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代先行词the 20，000 spectators(指人)，故填关系代词 who/that。 10．(2024·金丽衢十二校二模) She also had great interest in astronomy and mathematics and wrote poems，commentaries，essays and several longer works，not all of ________ survive. 解析　which　考查定语从句。句意：她还对天文学和数学非常感兴趣，写过诗歌、评论、散文和几部较长的作品，但并非所有这些作品都流传了下来。not all of引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为poems，commentaries，essays and several longer works(指物)，故填关系代词which。 Ⅱ.语法填空 (2024·浙江名校协作体模拟)What did you have for dinner Tuesday night of last week? If someone 1.________ (ask) you that question Wednesday morning，you would 2.________ (possible) have had no problem recalling what you had for dinner the night before. But as days pass，the memories of all the other meals you 3.________ (eat)since then start to interfere (干扰) with your memory of that one particular meal.This is a good example of 4.________ psychologists call the interference theory of forgetting.Forgetting is the result of 5.________ (vary) memories interfering with one another.The more similar two or more events are 6.________ one another，the more likely interference will occur. Getting rid of interference altogether is impossible，but there are a few things you can do to minimize its effects.One of the best things you can do is rehearse (排练) new information in order to better commit it to memory.In fact，many experts recommend overlearning important information，7.________ involves rehearsing the material over and over again until it can be reproduced perfectly with no errors.Another strategy for fighting interference is to switch up your routine and avoid 8.________ (study) similar material back to back.Sleep also plays an essential role in memory 9.________ (form).Sleeping after you learn something new is 10.________ efficient way to turn new memories into lasting ones. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了遗忘干扰理论以及如何使其影响最小化。 1．解析　had asked　考查动词的时态。根据主句谓语“would have had”可知，连词“If”引导与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句谓语动词应用had done形式。故填had asked。 2．解析　possibly　考查词性转换。此处应用副词作状语修饰谓语动词“would have had”。故填possibly。 3．解析　have eaten　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“since then”可知，此处应用现在完成时；且主语“all the other meals”是复数，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填have eaten。 4．解析　what　考查名词性从句。此处表示这就是心理学家称之为遗忘干扰理论的一个很好的例子。分析句子结构可知，此处引导宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，所以应用what引导。故填what。 5．解析　varied/various　考查词性转换。此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词“memories”。故填varied/various。 6．解析　to　考查介词。be similar to意为“与……相似”，是固定搭配。故填to。 7．解析　which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处应用which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代“overlearning important information”。故填which。 8．解析　studying　考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth意为“避免做某事”。故填studying。 9．解析　formation　考查词性转换。此处表示睡眠在记忆形成上也起着重要的作用。此处应用名词形式，formation形成，为不可数名词。故填formation。 10．解析　an/one　考查冠词/数词。此处可泛指“一种有效方法”，且efficient是读音以元音音素开头的单词，其前应用an；也可用数词one作定语修饰名词“way”。故填an/one。 $$