专题08 句子成分、基本句型和三大从句（宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句）（知识清单）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题08 句子成分、基本句型和三大从句（宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句） 目录 01 锚·课标要求 1 02 理·思维导图 2 03 盘·知识梳理 3 考点一 句子成分 3 考点二 基本句型 4 考点三 宾语从句 7 考点四 定语从句 ...............................................................................................................................................10 考点五 状语从句 .................................................................................................................................11 04 测·背诵检验 12 1.掌握主要句子成分：主语、谓语；次要句子成分：宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语等。 2.掌握五种基本句型：Ｓ +Ｖ，Ｓ +link-Ｖ +Ｐ，Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ ，Ｓ +Ｖ+IO +Ｏ ， Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ 及there be句型等 3.掌握宾语从句的连接词、时态和语序问题;学会运用宾语从句的否定转移和特殊用法 4.系统复习并掌握关系代词、关系副词的用法 5.掌握时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句的引导词及其用法 考点一 句子成分 　　英语句子由多个部分构成，各部分在句子中起着不同的作用，这些构成句子的不同部分被称为句子成分。主要句子成分：主语、谓语；次要句子成分：宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语等。 No. 1　 主语 　　概念和位置：句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，通常位于句首。 　　充当：通常由名词、代词、数词等充当。 　　语序：正常：主语＋谓语； 全部倒装：谓语＋主语； 部分倒装：情态动词/助动词＋主语＋实义动词。 1. John arrived last night. （名词作主语） 2. That’s OK. （代词作主语） 3. Eight is a lucky number in China. （数词作主语） 4. To learn English well is not easy. （不定式作主语） 5. Seeing is believing. （动名词作主语） No. 2　谓语 概念：表示主语的动作或状态。 位置：一般位于主语之后。 充当：一般由动词、动词短语、“情态动词/助动词＋实义动词”结构等充当。 注意：谓语有时态与语态的变化，同时受到句子主语的单复数和人称的制约，如果主语是单数形式，谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式。 1. We are Chinese. （单一动词作谓语） 2. He looked for his bag. （动词短语作谓语） 3. She can speak English well. （情态动词＋动词原形作谓语） No. 3　宾语 概念：表示及物动词（词组）的动作对象或内容。有的动词后可以跟两个宾语，其中把表示人的宾语称为间接宾语，把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语。 位置： 位于及物动词（词组）之后。 充当：通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。 1. I accepted her wise advice. （名词或名词词组作宾语） 2. All of us like him. （代词作宾语） 3. Give me six. （数词作宾语） 4. They began to learn English a year ago. （不定式或不定式短语作宾语） 5. He enjoys working at night. （动名词或动名词短语作宾语） 6. I think that she is right./I wonder if you’d like to go with us. （从句作宾语） No. 4　表语 概念： 说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份，与系动词一起构成复合谓语。 位置：位于系动词之后。 充当：通常由形容词、代词、名词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。 1. I feel much better today. （形容词作表语） 2. The pen is mine. （代词作表语） 3. They are his students. （名词词组作表语） 4. His father is sixty－five. （数词作表语） 5. They are over there. （副词词组作表语） 6. We are in trouble. （介词短语作表语） 7. Her dream is to go to college. （不定式短语作表语） 8. My hobby is collecting stamps. （动名词短语作表语） 9. The truth is what she said just now. （从句作表语） No. 5　定语 概念：修饰或限定名词或代词的成分叫定语。 位置： 定语有前置定语和后置定语。形容词、数词、代词、名词等作定语时一般放于被修饰词之前，但是在修饰any-，some-，no-， every-等构成的单词，如something 等时，应放于这些复合不定代词之后进行修饰。动词不定式、副词、介词短语、从句等作定语时一般放于被修饰词之后。 充当：通常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词或名词所有格、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或从句等充当。 1. He is a kind man./He is a 15-year-old student. （形容词或相同于形容词的结构作定语） 2. The boy was Dave./My father was washing his car. （冠词或代词作定语） 3. I bought a coffee cup yesterday./He is Sam’s father. （名词或名词所有格作定语） 4. Three children are running along the bank./You are the first one here. （数词作定语） 5. The woman there needs a pen. （副词作定语） 6. Do you know the boy in the first row？/The girl in a dress is his sister. （介词短语作定语） 7. I have a lot of work to do. （不定式作定语） 8. The meeting that you have missed yesterday was very important. （从句作定语） No. 6　状语 概念：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、伴随、条件、程度、让步等。 位置： 状语位置灵活。修饰整个句子时放于句首；修饰形容词或副词时放于其前；表时间、目的、地点时常放于主句之前或之后，若强调时则应放于主句之前；频度副词如almost、often 等作状语常放于be 动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前。 充当：通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式短语或从句等充当。 1. I’m very glad to meet you here. （副词作状语，修饰形容词） 2. My brother goes to school by bike. （介词短语作方式状语） 3. The boy needs a pen to do his homework. （不定式短语作目的状语） 4. You can’t leave until your work is finished. （从句作时间状语） No. 7　补语 概念和位置：补语有两种，分别是主语补足语和宾语补足语。最常见的是宾语补足语（简称宾补）——有些及物动词的宾语后需要添加部分内容对宾语进行补充说明。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语，多当作固定用法使用。 充当：常由形容词、名词、动词不定式、分词、介词短语等充当。 1. New methods make the job easy. （形容词作宾补） 2. The war made him a soldier. （名词作宾补） 3. The teacher asks the students to close the windows. （不定式短语作宾补） 4. I saw a cat running across the road. （分词短语作宾补） 5. I often find him at work. （介词短语作宾补） No. 8　同位语 概念：对句子中某一名词（词组）做进一步解释、说明，与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。 位置：位于被说明的成分之后。 充当：通常由名词、代词、名词词组等充当。 1. We students should study hard. （名词students是we的同位语，都是指同一批“学生”） 2. We all are students. （代词all是we的同位语，都指同样的“我们”） 3. Mr. Smith， our new teacher， is very kind to us. （名词词组our new teacher是主语Mr. Smith 的同位语，指同一人） 考点二 基本句型 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 二、英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： S＋V（主＋谓） 基本句型二： S＋V＋P（主＋系＋表） 基本句型三： S＋V＋O（主＋谓＋宾） 基本句型四： S＋V＋IO＋DO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 基本句型五： S＋V＋O＋OC（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型一：S＋V（主＋谓） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。例如： 1. Time flies. 2. The moon rose. 3. The man cooked. 基本句型二：S＋V＋P（主＋系＋表） 此句型句子的谓语动词不能独立表达完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做系动词。系动词分两类： 类别 系动词 状态类 be 感官类 look， sound ，taste， smell， feel 表象性 seem ，appear 变化类 Get， turn, grow, become, go，fall 持续性 stay， remain， keep, stand 结果性 prove , turn out 基本句型三：S＋V＋O（主＋谓＋宾） 此句型句子的共同特点：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词（词组）叫做及物动词（词组）。 1. We planted trees. 2. She laughs at her. 基本句型四：S＋V＋IO＋DO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 此句型句子的共同特点：谓语动词后可以跟有两个宾语。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。间接宾语一般在前面，直接宾语在后面。 注意：有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调，这时，间接宾语前应加上介词to或for。 ★间接宾语前要用to的常用动词有：give， tell， lend， sell， teach， send， write， show， return， bring， pass， leave， offer， hand， play等。 ★间接宾语前加介词for的动词有： buy， choose， get， make， order， sing， do， save等。 1. He gave me a book/a book to me. 2. Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 3. He’s warned me of the danger. （特殊例子——直宾前加介词，只有这一种形式，不能对调） 基本句型五：S＋V＋O＋OC（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 此句型句子的共同特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 1. We keep the table clean. 2. Bill ordered him to leave. 考点三 宾语从句 　宾语从句是在复合句中充当宾语的句子。宾语从句的三要素为：语序、时态和连接词。 1.宾语从句的语序 宾语从句要用陈述语序，即“主句＋连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”。如： 2.宾语从句的时态 （1）需要性原则：主句现在时，从句时态视客观需要而定。 如：Can you tell me what he did yesterday？ （2） 呼应性原则：主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的某种时态。 如：Kate said she was reading a newspaper at this time yesterday. （3） 特殊性原则：表示客观事实、真理或自然现象时，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。 如：Mom told me that the earth goes around the sun. （助记：主现从任意，主过从必过，真理永不变） 3.宾语从句引导词 that 引导的宾语从句的用法 1. 位置：that 引导的宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）、介词或形容词之后。 ①作及物动词，如：say，think，tell，know，hear，see，hope，wish，remember，forget等的宾语。如：　 She says that she will help me learn English this evening.她说今天晚上她会帮我学英语。 ②作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except，but，in之后。如： He is a good boy except that he is careless. 他是一个好男孩，只是有点儿粗心。 ③作＂be + 形容词＂结构的宾语。某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，如：sure，glad，certain，pleased，sorry，happy，afraid等，连词that可省略。如： I’m happy (that) I passed the exam. 我很高兴我通过了考试。 2. 引导词that可以省略的几种情况： 引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略： She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。 I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去的。 I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。 3. 引导词that不能省略的几种情况： that在引导宾语从句时，并不是在任何情况下都可以省略，在以下几种情况下，that不能省略。 ①从句的主语是that时，that不能省略； We know that is an interesting film. 我们知道那是一部有趣的电影。 ②and连接的两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如： He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice. 他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。 ③that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如： I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。 4. 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如： We thought it strange that Xiao Zhang did not come yesterday. 小张昨天没来，我们觉得很奇怪。 5. 宾语从句的否定转移。 在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句，当主句的主语是第一人称时，谓语尽管是否定的意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，英语称这种现象为否定转移。如： ①我认为今晚他不能来。 I don’t think he can come this evening. ②他认为我们现在不在教室里。 He thinks we are not in the classroom now. 6. that引导的宾语从句变成被动语态时，只变主句，不变从句。实际上，我们经常把It is said that ...（据说……）；It is known that ...（众所周知……）；It is reported that ...（据报告……）等当作固定句式来运用。如： It is said that he is from Canada. 据说他来自加拿大。 if/whether引导的宾语从句 当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，常用if或whether引导宾语从句，if/whether意为＂是否＂。说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在see，ask，say，learn，tell，wonder，doubt，find out，be uncertain /doubtful / be not known 等后，二者通常可以互换。口语中多用if代替whether。在非正式的写作中，可以使用if 或 whether 两个词来表达不定性，两者都算标准。 I wonder if/whether he is a driver. 我想知道他是不是个司机。 Alice wants to know if/whether she has passed the exam. 爱丽丝想知道她是否考试及格了。 【拓展】 一般情况下，if和whether可互换，在口语中多用if， 而在以下几种情况下，只能用whether。 1. 与 or 连用分别引导两个从句时，或强调两方面的选择, 特别是句中有or not时用whether，不用if。 I don’t know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是否会来。  I will write to you whether or not I can come / whether I can come or not. 2. 在动词不定式之前只能用whether。 He doesn’t know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否会去。 Please tell us whether to go there or stay here. 请告诉我们是去那里还是待在这里。 3. 在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句，而If则不能。 It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取决于我是否有足够的时间。 4. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，用whether，不用if。 Whether this is true, I can’t say. Whether he is single, I don’t know. 5. 在某些动词（如discuss，decide）之后，只能用whether，而不用if引导宾语从句。 We discussed whether we should close the shop. （虚拟语气） 6. 在引导否定概念宾语从句时，只能用if，而不用whether。 He asked me if I hadn’t finished my work. 注意：doubt否定句用that引导。因为don’t doubt 意为相信，不怀疑，if是否表示疑虑。 疑问词引导的宾语从句 特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，由疑问词 when, who, what, where, whatever, how，which, why等引导。宾语从句的词序一律用陈述句的词序，即＂主语+谓语＂词序。 （1）由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序，故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两组句子： How much does this coat cost? → I want to know how much this coat costs. Where did you go yesterday? → Please tell me where you went yesterday. （2）当疑问代词what、who在特殊疑问句中作主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来作宾语时，语序不需要调整。 What’s wrong with you? 怎么了？ → He asked the girl what was wrong with her. What’s the matter? 怎么了？ → He asked the girl what was the matter. 考点四 定语从句 　　在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。根据关系词在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词（that，which，who，whom， whose）和关系副词（when指代时间，where指代地点，why指代原因）。 定语从句结构：先行词＋关系词＋从句（其中使用关系代词时，先行词可以直接代入从句） 1.关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 用法 例句 who/whom 指人，在从句中who作主语或宾语，whom作宾语 ①The foreigner who/that visited our school yesterday is from Canada. ②The boy （who/whom/that） we met is Li Ming’s brother. ③The person to whom you just spoke is Mr. Li. which 指物，在从句中可作主语或宾语 ①The book which/that is on the table is mine. ②The fish （which/that） we bought were not fresh. that 既可指人又可指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语等 ①A plane is a machine that/which can fly. ②Everything （that） you learn becomes a part of you and changes you. ③That’s the man （that/who/whom） you are looking for. 2.关系代词只能用that的几种情况 特殊情况 例句 当先行词为all，much，little，few，something，anything，everything，none，nothing等不定代词时 I did nothing that might hurt you. 我没做过可能伤害你的事。 当先行词被the only，the same，the very，the last或few， little， much， no， some， any等词修饰时 Shopping is the only thing that interests her. 购物是唯一让她感兴趣的事情。 Please send us any information that you have about the subject. 有关这个专题的任何资料都请寄给我们。 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I’ve ever seen. 这是我所看过的最好的电影。 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时 Who is the boy that is reading in the sun？ 正在阳光下看书的那个男孩是谁？ 当先行词既有人又有物时 She took photos of the things and people that she was interested in. 她把她感兴趣的人和物拍了下来。 3.关系代词只能用which的情况 特殊情况 例句 关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，且位于介词后时 I prefer TV shows from which I can learn a lot. 我更喜欢那些我可以从中学到很多东西的电视节目。 先行词是that，those时 Those which are on the desk are my books. 那些在桌子上的是我的书。 考点五 状语从句 1.状语从句: 一个从句在句中相当于一个副词，一般用来修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等，在句中表示时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、方式、让步、比较等意义。 分类：让步状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、时间状语从句、原因状语从句、方式状语从句、地点状语从句、比较状语从句等。 状语从句 从属连词(作引导词) 时间状语从句 when/while/as“当……的时候”,while“与……同时”,as“随着；一边……，一边……”,before“在……之前”；“还没来得及……就……”；“还没有”；尚未”；“趁着……没有”；“……就”；“……才”,once“一旦；一……就”,after“在……之后”,(ever)since“自从……以来”,until/till“直到”,as soon as/once / no sooner...than...(=hardly/scarcely...when/before...)(主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时)“一……就……”等 地点状语从句 where“在……地方”,wherever(=everywhere)“在/到……的任何地方”“任何……的地方”anywhere“ 在任何……的地方”“任何……的地方”等 条件状语从句 if“如果”,unless“除非……”；“如果不……”；“如果没有……”,as/so long as“只要”,in case“假使”等 目的状语从句 in order that/so that“以便，为了”,in case“以防(万一)”,for fear that“唯恐，以免，以便不”等 原因状语从句 because(=in that)“因为”,as“由于”,since(=now that)“既然”,for fear that“因(为)怕”，“生怕”等 结果状语从句 so that“结果……”so…that/such…that“如此……以致于……”等 让步状语从句 although/though/while/as“虽然；尽管”,even though/even if“即使”,whether…or…“不管是/无论是……还是……”,no matter…“无论……”,however“无论/不管怎样……”,wh-ever“无论/不管……”等 方式状语从句 as if/as though“似乎；好像”,just as“正如；正像”as“像……那样；照……方式，如同，按照”,as/so far as“就……(而言)”等 比较状语从句 as…as“像……那样”,not so(as)…as“不像……那样”,than“比”,The+比较句…,the+比较句…“越……，越……”等 2.状语从句的时态 （1）主将从现：在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。常用此类词（组）有：表时间的when， while， until， till， before， after， as soon as，以及表条件的if， unless， as long as等。 如：When I am 18， I will learn to drive. （2） 主祈/情从现：若主句是祈使句或含情态动词，从句用一般现在时表将来。 如：If you work hard， you can pass the exam easily. （3） since引导的时间状语从句，主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 如：Twenty years has passed since I came here. 【考点链接】 一、单项选择 1．Sad movies make me want to cry. A．宾语补足语 B．间接宾语 C．直接宾语 D．表语 【答案】A 【详解】句意：悲伤的电影让我想哭。考查句子成分。Sad movies“悲伤的电影”作主语；make“使”作谓语；me“我”，为宾格，作宾语；want to cry“想哭”作宾语补足语。本句属于：主+谓+宾+宾补结构。故选A。 2．He likes music that he can dance to. A．主语 B．宾语 C．定语 D．状语 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他喜欢能跟着跳舞的音乐。考查句子成分。分析句子可知，He作主语，likes作谓语，music作宾语，that he can dance to作定语，修饰music。故选C。 3．They brought her some food and money. A．直接宾语 B．定语 C．表语 D．间接宾语 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他们给她带了一些食物和钱。考查句子成分。They“他们”，作主语；brought“带来”，作谓语；her“她”，为宾格，作间接宾语；some food and money“一些食物和钱”作直接宾语。故选A。 4．The sentence structure of “Tom is playing basketball.” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 【答案】A 【详解】句意：“Tom is playing basketball.”的句子结构是主语+谓语+宾语。考查句子基本结构辨析。S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语；S+V+P主语+系动词+表语；S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；S+V+DO+OC主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。分析句子结构可知，Tom，作主语；is playing作谓语；basketball作宾语，属于“主语+谓语+宾语”（S+V+O）的基本结构。故选A。 5．What is the sentence pattern of the sentence “They are swimming in the river now.”? A．S+V+P B．S+V C．S+V+O D．S+V+O+OC 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“They are swimming in the river now.”这个句子的句型是什么？考查句子结构。S+V+P主语+系动词+表语；S+V主语+不及物动词；S+V+O主语+及物动词+宾语；S+V+O+OC主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。在句子“They are swimming in the river now.”中，“They”是主语，“are swimming”是谓语动词（现在进行时，表示动作正在进行），“in the river”是地点状语，“now”是时间状语。这个句子没有宾语，因为“swimming”是不及物动词，不需要宾语来完成句子的意思。所以，这个句子的句型是S+V（主语+不及物动词）。故选B。 6．The sentence structure of “Mr Zhang teaches us English.” is _________. A．S+V+DO B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“张老师教我们英语。”这个句子的结构是主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。 考查句子结构辨析。S+V+DO 主语+谓语+宾语；S+V+IO+DO 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；S+V+DO+OC 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语；S+V+P 主语+谓语+表语。根据句子“Mr Zhang teaches us English.”可知，“us”是间接宾语，“English”是直接宾语，符合“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”的结构，故选B。 7．Which is the sentence pattern of “He bought you a dictionary yesterday.”? A．S+V+O B．S+Ⅴ+IO+DO C．S+V D．S+V+O+OC 【答案】B 【详解】句意：哪个是“他昨天给你买了一本字典”的句型？考查句子结构。S+V+O主谓宾；S+Ⅴ+IO+DO主谓双宾；S+V主谓；S+V+O+OC主谓宾宾补。分析句子可知，He主语；bought谓语；you间接宾语；a dictionary直接宾语；yesterday状语。故选B。 8．—I wonder if Li Hua ______ to the party tomorrow. —I think she will come if she ______ free. A．comes; is B．will come; is C．comes; will be D．will come; will be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我想知道李华明天是否来参加聚会。——我认为如果她有空，她会来。 考查动词的时态辨析。if意为“是否”时，引导宾语从句，时态规则为主过从过，主现从不限，主句为一般现在时，第一空处表示明天要发生的动作，用一般将来时；if意为“如果”时，引导条件状语从句，时态规则为主将从现，从句用一般现在时态表将来，第二空用一般现在时态。故选B。 9．— Can you tell me __________? — Sure. I run every morning and play basketball on weekends. A．how you stay healthy B．how do you stay healthy C．when do you exercise D．when you exercise 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我你是如何保持健康的吗？ ——当然。我每天早上跑步，周末打篮球。考查宾语从句语序。宾语从句中必须使用陈述句语序 (主语+谓语)。选项B和C错误地使用了疑问句语序；据回答“I run every morning and play basketball on weekends.”可知，内容描述的是保持健康的方式，而非单纯锻炼时间，因此询问“如何保持健康”更贴合语境。故选A。 10．—DeepSeek has impressed the whole world with its powerful models. —I haven’t used it. I wonder ______. A．what languages could DeepSeek understand B．how can DeepSeek be used in English learning C．how long it takes DeepSeek to answer a question D．that DeepSeek has more advantages over ChatGPT 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——DeepSeek用其强大的模型给全世界留下了深刻印象。——我还没用过它。我想知道DeepSeek回答一个问题需要多长时间。 考查宾语从句。what languages could DeepSeek understand疑问语序，DeepSeek能理解哪些语言；how can DeepSeek be used in English learning疑问语序，DeepSeek如何能用于英语学习；how long it takes DeepSeek to answer a question陈述语序，DeepSeek回答一个问题需要多久；that DeepSeek has more advantages over ChatGPT陈述语序，DeepSeek比ChatGPT更有优势。根据“I wonder...”可知，后需接疑问类从句，排除D，且宾语从句需用陈述语序。故选C。 11．The little girl asked her mother ________. A．that she could hold a party at home B．how long will she hold her party C．if her friends will come to her party D．how many guests would come to her party 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这个小女孩问她妈妈有多少客人会来参加她的派对。 考查宾语从句的用法。that she could hold a party at home她可以在家举办派对；how long will she hold her party她会举办多久的派对；if her friends will come to her party她的朋友是否会来参加她的派对；how many guests would come to her party有多少客人会来参加她的派对。根据 “asked her mother”可知，此处是宾语从句，需满足陈述语序、主过从过的规则。结合这一要求，选项D“how many guests would come to her party”既符合陈述语序，又用would匹配了主句asked的过去时态。故选D。 12．—Why didn’t you go to bed early last night? —I had to wait ________ my brother came back. He was caught in the rain. A．while B．till C．because D．unless 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你昨晚为什么不早点睡觉？——我必须等到我哥哥回来。他被雨淋湿了。 考查连词辨析。while当……的时候；till直到……才……；because因为；unless除非。根据“I had to wait”和“my brother came back”的语境可知，强调等待动作持续到“哥哥回来”这一时间点结束，需用表示“直到……才……”的时间连词。故选B。 13．All the teachers think that he is _________ good storyteller _________ he will be a good writer in the future. A．so, that B．such a, that C．so a, that D．quite a, that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：所有老师都认为他是一个如此好的讲故事者以至于他将来会成为一个好作家。 考查结果状语从句。“such a/an + 形容词 + 名词 + that从句 / so + 形容词 + that从句”是固定用法，意为“如此……以至于……”，such...that引导结果状语从句。故选B。 14．Xiao Wei didn’t go to bed ________ he finished his homework. A．if B．until C．since 【答案】B 【详解】句意：小伟直到完成作业才上床睡觉。考查连词辨析。if如果；until直到……为止；since自从。“not...until...”是固定搭配，表示“直到……才……”，符合语境，即小伟完成作业这个动作发生之后才去睡觉，所以用until。故选B。 15．You won’t be able to finish this difficult task ______ you have some background knowledge. A．as B．if C．unless D．because 【答案】C 【详解】句意：除非你有背景知识，否则你将无法完成这项困难的任务。考查连词辨析。as因为；if如果；unless除非；because因为。主句“无法完成任务”表示否定结果，从句“有背景知识”是必要条件，需用unless引导条件状语从句。故选C。 16．________ we keep helping others in need, we will create a better world full of love. A．As well as B．As soon as C．As long as 【答案】C 【详解】句意：只要我们坚持帮助那些需要帮助的人，就能创造一个充满爱的更美好世界。 考查as long as引导条件状语从句。As well as和；As soon as一……就……；As long as只要。根据句意，空格后“we keep helping others in need”是“we will create a better world full of love”的条件，因此用As long as引导条件状语从句。故选C。 17．______ they had met with a heavy rain, their football match still went on. A．Because B．While C．Although D．If 【答案】C 【详解】句意：尽管他们遇到了大雨，他们的足球比赛仍然继续。考查连词辨析。because因为；while当；although虽然；if如果。分析句子可知，前后两句是让步关系，用although引导让步状语从句。故选C。 18．Huang Xuhua’s spirit continues to encourage young scientists to become excellent ________ he has passed away. A．though B．because C．unless D．when 【答案】A 【详解】句意：黄旭华虽已辞世，但他的精神仍激励着青年科学家不断走向卓越。 考查连词。though虽然；because因为；unless除非；when当……时。根据“Huang Xuhua’s spirit continues to encourage young scientists to become excellent…he has passed away.”的语境可知，此处句意发生了让步，指尽管去世，精神犹在。故选A。 19．—You should do some housework for me _________ you have grown up. —OK, dad, I will _________ I have a lot of homework to do. A．unless, since B．since, if C．although, until D．since, unless 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你应该为我做一些家务，因为你已经长大了。——好的，爸爸，我会做，除非我有很多作业要做。考查连词辨析。unless除非；since因为；if如果；although虽然；until直到。根据“You should do some housework for me...you have grown up.”可知，第一空表示原因（“你已经长大”是“做家务”的理由），用since；根据“I will...I have a lot of homework to do.”可知，第二空表示条件（“有作业”是“不做家务”的例外情况），用unless。故选D。 20．We should take care of the earth ________ we can make a better world to live in. A．so that B．ever since C．even if D．even though 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该爱护地球，以便我们能创造一个更美好的居住世界。考查连词词义辨析。so that以便，为了，引导目的状语从句；ever since自从；even if即使；even though尽管。“爱护地球”的目的是“创造更美好的居住世界”，“so that”符合语境，故选A。 21．Our country will set up a traditional reading day ______ more and more people can pay attention to deep reading and Chinese traditional culture. A．even though B．so that C．unless 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们国家将设立一个传统的读书日，以便越来越多的人能关注深度阅读和中国传统文化。 考查目的状语从句。even though尽管；so that以便；unless除非。根据空后结构可知，空处表目的是为了越来越多的人能关注深度阅读和中国传统文化，需使用so that引导目的状语从句。故选B。 22．The teacher asked us to read the poem aloud ________ we could feel the beauty. A．unless B．though C．so that D．even if 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老师让我们大声朗读这首诗，以便我们能感受到它的美。考查连词辨析。unless除非； though尽管；so that以便； even if即使。根据“The teacher asked us to read the poem aloud…we could feel the beauty.”可知，此处表达大声朗读是为了我们能感受到它的美，空后为目的状语从句。故选C。 23．This story is ______ moving that many people cried when they read it. A．so B．such C．too D．very 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个故事如此感人，以至于很多人读的时候都哭了。考查结果状语从句。so如此，修饰形容词或副词；such如此，修饰名词；too太，表示过度；very非常，修饰形容词或副词。根据“...moving that...”可知，此处为“so+形容词/副词+that...”句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，且moving为形容词，因此应选用so。故选A。 24．It is ________ a beautiful garden ________ we like to play in it. A．so, that B．too, to C．very, that D．such, that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这是一个如此美丽的花园，以至于我们都喜欢在里面玩。 考查结果状语从句。so...that...如此……以至于……，so后接形容词或副词；too...to...太……而不能……；very...that...为错误表达；such...that...如此……以至于……，such后接名词或名词短语。根据语境及句子结构可知，此处是在描述花园如此美丽，以至于我们都喜欢在里面玩，且a beautiful garden为名词短语，所以应该用such...that...。故选D。 25．—What do you think of Thomas? —Nice and kind. He tries to spread love and care ________ he goes. A．everywhere B．whatever C．however 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你觉得托马斯怎么样？——友好善良。他努力把爱和关怀传播到他所到之处。考查词义辨析。everywhere到处；whatever无论什么；however不管怎样。结合语境和空后“he goes”可知，托马斯把爱和关怀传播到他去的每个地方，所以这里用“everywhere”。故选A。 二、单词拼写 1．Our teacher told us that light (travel) faster than sound last term. 【答案】travels 【详解】句意：上学期我们的老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。travel“传播”，分析句子可知，that引导宾语从句，从句内容是客观事实，故从句时态用一般现在时，主语是light，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填travels。 2．The little boy is so worried in the exam because he doesn’t know when (hand) in the paper. 【答案】to hand 【详解】句意：这个小男孩在考试中非常担心，因为他不知道什么时候交卷子。“特殊疑问词+to do”是宾语从句的简化，hand in意为“上交”。故填to hand。 3．The teacher told us that the earth (travel) around the sun. 【答案】travels 【详解】句意：老师告诉学生们地球绕着太阳转。空格是宾语从句的谓语动词，从句陈述的是科学事实，所以时态只能用一般现在时，主语是“the earth”，所以谓语动词用三单形式，故填travels。 4．I (get) home with my sister while my mother was cooking. 【答案】got 【详解】句意：我和妹妹回到家时，妈妈正在做饭。根据“I...home with my sister while my mother was cooking.”可知，此处是while引导的时间状语从句，表示主句动作和从句动作同时发生，从句用过去进行时，主句通常用一般过去时。因此，应将get变为过去式got。故填got。 5．It’s ten years since he (start) teaching. 【答案】started 【详解】句意：自从他开始教书已经有10年了。since意为“自从”，后接一般过去时。此处考查句型“it is/has been+时间段+since+一般过去时”意为“自从过去发生某事以来，已经有一段时间了。”所以此处用过去式started。故填started。 6．You won’t improve your English unless you (work) hard at it. 【答案】work 【详解】句意：除非你努力学习英语，否则你不会提高你的英语水平。根据“won’t improve”可知，此句是一般将来时，在unless引导的条件状语从句中，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。主语you是第二人称，所以动词用原形。故填work。 7．My brother wants a mobile phone which (take) good pictures. 【答案】takes 【详解】句意：我弟弟想要一部拍照效果好的手机。分析句子可知，这句话是“which”引导的定语从句，先行词“a mobile phone”是第三人称单数，所以从句中谓语动词用三单形式“takes”。故填takes。 8．There (be) at least eight more high-speed railways in Wuxi in five years. 【答案】will be 【详解】句意：五年内，无锡将至少再增加八条高速铁路。根据“in Wuxi in five years”可知，用一般将来时“will do”，there be句型用于一般将来时，结构为“there will be”。故填will be。 9．Friends are really important. No one can live (complete) without others. 【答案】completely 【详解】句意：朋友真的很重要。没有人可以完全没有别人而生活。分析句子结构可知，此处应用所给词的副词形式，作状语。故填completely。 10．The price for the hotel room is 235 dollars a night, (include) breakfast. 【答案】including 【详解】句意：这家旅馆的房间价格是每晚235美元，包括早餐。include是实义动词，空前已有谓语动词is，所以此处应用介词including作状语。故填including。 三、语法选择 Do you often throw away things you don’t need anymore? Have you ever thought about 1 these things can actually be put to good use? Nothing is a waste 2 you have a creative mind. You have probably never 3 of Amy Hayes, but she is a most unusual woman. She lives in a house in the UK 4 she built herself out of rubbish. The windows and doors come from old buildings around her town that were pulled down. The top of the house is 5 old boat turned upside down. And the gate in front of her house is made 6 rocks and old glass bottles. Amy recently won a prize from the Help Save Our Planet Society. The president said 7 , “Amy is an inspiration to us all”. Amy isn’t the only one who is good at recycling. Jessica Wong from Hong Kong uses old clothes that people don’t wear any more 8 bags. She has been doing this for a few years. Now she opened a small shop where she sells her bags, and she has also set up a website to sell them online. She especially likes to use old jeans to make handbags. 9 bags are cute and useful. “I plan to write a book about new ways to use old clothes,” she said, “I hope people 10 read my book and enjoy it!” Wang Tao set up a small business in Shanghai four years ago. He is known for 11 iron and other materials from old cars to make beautiful art pieces. Some are large pieces that look like animals or humans, and some are much 12 pieces you can put at home. Some popular works can even 13 in art shops around the city. Wang Tao hopes to set up a “metal art” theme park to show people the 14 of environmental protection. Not only can the art bring happiness to others, 15 it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity. 1．A．who B．what C．which D．how 2．A．if B．unless C．so D．and 3．A．hear B．heard C．hearing D．hears 4．A．that B．whose C．where D．when 5．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 6．A．from B．in C．by D．of 7．A．excited B．excitedly C．exciting D．excitement 8．A．to make B．make C．made D．making 9．A．She B．Herself C．Hers D．Her 10．A．must B．can C．need D．should 11．A．use B．used C．using D．to use 12．A．small B．smaller C．smallest D．the smallest 13．A．see B．have seen C．be seen D．seeing 14．A．importance B．important C．importantly D．unimportant 15．A．because B．so C．but D．or 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．B 11．C 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文主要是讲述如何对不需要的东西再次有效利用，文章列举了三个例子进行说明。 1．句意：你是否想过这些东西实际上**如何**能被好好利用？ who谁；what什么；which哪一个；how如何。根据“Have you ever thought about...these things can actually be put to good use?”可知，此处询问“方式”，即“如何利用这些东西”，故选D。 2．句意：如果你有创造性的思维，没有什么是浪费。 if如果；unless除非；so所以；and和。根据“Nothing is a waste...you have a creative mind.”可知，“有创造性思维”是“没有浪费”的条件，用if引导条件状语从句，故选A。 3．句意：你可能从未听说过艾米·海斯，但她是一个非常不寻常的女人。    hear听见，动词原形；heard过去分词；hearing现在分词；hears第三人称单数。“have never + 过去分词”为现在完成时结构，hear of表示“听说”，故选B。 4．句意：她住在英国的一所房子里，这所房子是她自己用垃圾建造的。 that关系代词，指物；whose谁的；where哪里；when何时。先行词a house指物，且在从句中作built的宾语，用that引导定语从句，故选A。 5．句意：房子的顶部是一艘颠倒的旧船。 a不定冠词，用于辅音音素开头；an不定冠词，用于元音音素开头；the定冠词；/不填。old以元音音素开头，且此处表示“一艘旧船”，用不定冠词an，故选B。 6．句意：她家门前的大门是由岩石和旧玻璃瓶制成的。 from由……制成，看不出原材料；in在……里；by被；of由……制成，看得出原材料。“岩石和玻璃瓶”是可见的原材料，be made of表示“由……制成”，故选D。 7．句意：主席兴奋地说：“艾米激励了我们所有人。”   excited形容词，兴奋的；excitedly副词，兴奋地；exciting形容词，令人兴奋的；excitement名词，兴奋。   此处修饰动词said，用副词excitedly，故选B。 8．句意：来自香港的杰西卡·王用人们不再穿的旧衣服制作包包。 to make不定式表目的；make原形；made过去式/过去分词；making现在分词。use sth. to do sth.表示“用某物做某事”，用不定式表目的，故选A。 9．句意：她的包包既可爱又实用。 She她，主格；Herself她自己，反身代词；Hers她的，名词性物主代词；Her她的，形容词性物主代词。根据“... bags are cute and useful.”可知，此处修饰名词bags，用形容词性物主代词her，故选D。 10．句意：“我希望人们能读我的书并喜欢它！” must必须；can能；need需要；should应该。根据“I hope people ...read my book and enjoy it!”可知，此处表示“希望人们能够阅读”，用can表示“能够”，故选B。 11．句意：他以使用旧汽车的铁和其他材料制作精美的艺术品而闻名。 use使用，动词原形；used过去式/过去分词；using现在分词；to use不定式。be known for doing sth.表示“因做某事而闻名”，用动名词using，故选C。     12．句意：有些是看起来像动物或人的大件，有些是你可以放在家里的更小的物件。 small小的，原级；smaller比较级；smallest最高级；the smallest高级前加the。与前文“large pieces”对比，此处用比较级smaller表示“更小的”，故选B。 13．句意：一些受欢迎的作品甚至可以在城市各地的艺术商店里被看到。 see看见，动词原形；have seen现在完成时；be seen被动语态；seeing现在分词。 works“作品”与see“看见”为被动关系，can后接动词原形，故用be seen，故选C。 14．句意：王涛希望建立一个“金属艺术”主题公园，向人们展示环境保护的重要性 importance重要性，名词；important形容词，重要的；importantly副词，重要地；unimportant形容词，不重要的。   the + 名词，表示“……的重要性”，用importance，故选A。 15．句意：艺术不仅能给别人带来快乐，而且还表明……    because因为；so所以；but但是；而且；or或者。not only... but also...为固定短语，表示“不仅……而且……”，故选C。 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 Jack is a kind and warm-hearted student. He has been a member 1 a volunteer group for many years. He 2 (hear) about the charity (慈善) sale in his school yesterday, and he felt excited. Now he 3 (collect) his old things at home. The first thing he is going to sell is a blue bike. He has owned it since his 4 (five) birthday. The bike is still new 5 Jack cleans it every month. Then he decides 6 (give) away his story books. He has kept 7 (they) for a long time. The story books bring him 8 (much) than he could imagine. So Jack believes one day these books will lead other kids to a 9 (wonder) world, too. His parents say Jack has helped many people for three years. They feel 10 (real) happy about 11 he has done for others. Jack 12 (think) his action will make a difference to others’ lives even though he only does some small 13 (thing). 14 fact, everyone can play 15 active role in volunteering. Why not start right now? 【答案】 1．of 4．heard 3．is collecting 4．fifth 5．because 6．to give 7．them 8．more 9．wonderful 10．really 11．what 12．thinks 13．things 14．In 15．an 【导语】本文讲述了杰克是一个热心男孩，经常帮助他人，今天他要参加慈善义卖的事情。 1．句意：他多年来一直是一个志愿者团体的成员。根据“a member”可知，此处为固定结构a member of“……的成员”。故填of。 2．句意：昨天他听说了学校的慈善义卖活动，感到很兴奋。根据“yesterday”可知，此处表示过去时间，动词hear用一般过去式heard。故填heard。 3．句意：现在他正在家里整理他的旧物品。根据“Now”可知，此处表示现在正在进行的动作，用现在进行时，其结构为be+doing，主语为he，be动词用is。故填is collecting。 4．句意：从他五岁生日起，他就拥有这辆自行车了。根据“birthday”可知，表示“第五个生日”要用序数词fifth。故填fifth。 5．句意：这辆自行车仍然很新，因为杰克每个月都擦拭它。根据“The bike is still new…Jack cleans it every month,”可知，这里需要一个连词来解释自行车仍然很新的原因，because“因为”符合逻辑。故填because。 6．句意：然后他决定捐赠他的故事书。根据“decides”可知，decide to do sth.是固定用法，表示“决定做某事”，应用动词不定式。故填to give。 7．句意：这些书他已经保存了很长时间。根据“kept”可知，动词kept后面需要宾格形式，they的宾格是 them，指代前面的story books。故填them。 8．句意：这些故事书带给他的收获超出了他的想象。根据“than”可知，more than是固定搭配，表示“比……更多”，也可以理解为“超出想象”。故填more。 9．句意：所以杰克相信，总有一天这些书也会带领其他孩子进入一个精彩的世界。根据“world”可知，名词world前面需要形容词修饰，wonder的形容词形式是wonderful“精彩的”。故填wonderful。 10．句意：他们对他为别人所做的一切感到由衷地高兴。根据“happy”可知，形容词happy前面需要副词修饰，real的副词形式是really“真地”。故填really。 11．句意：他们对他为别人所做的一切感到由衷地高兴。根据“happy about…he has done for others”可知，此处应用what引导宾语从句，在从句中作done的宾语，表示“他所做的事情”。故填what。 12．句意：杰克认为，尽管他只做了一些小事，但他的行动会对别人的生活产生影响。根据“Jack…(think) his action will make a difference to others’ lives”可知，主语Jack是第三人称单数，一般现在时中动词用thinks。故填thinks。 13．句意：杰克认为，尽管他只做了一些小事，但他的行动会对别人的生活产生影响。根据“some”可知，some后面接可数名词复数，thing的复数形式是things。故填things。 14．句意：事实上，每个人都可以在志愿服务中发挥积极作用。根据“fact”可知，in fact是固定短语，表示“事实上”，位于句首首字母大写。故填In。 15．句意：事实上，每个人都可以在志愿服务中发挥积极作用。根据“play…active role in volunteering”可知，play an active role是固定搭配，active以元音音素开头，所以用an。故填an。 【真题链接】 一、单项选择 1．（2023·四川内江·中考真题）If you feel unhappy, you can ask your parents or teachers for help. A．表语 B．状语 C．宾语 D．主语 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果你感到不开心，你可以向你的父母或老师寻求帮助。 考查句子成分。根据“If you feel unhappy”可知这是if引导的条件状语从句，属于状语。故选B。 2．（2023·四川内江·中考真题）I have had the dictionary for many years. A．状语 B．表语 C．定语 D．谓语 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这本字典我已经用了很多年了。 考查句子成分。I作主语，have had作谓语，the dictionary作宾语，for many years作状语。故选D。 3．（2025·山东东营·中考真题）—I wonder ________. —The egg. Scientists from Switzerland believe so. A．how long the egg has been in the world B．which came first, the egg or the chicken C．whether you like the egg and the chicken D．when scientists started to study the chicken 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我想知道先有鸡还是先有蛋。——鸡蛋。来自瑞士的科学家这么认为。 考查which引导的宾语从句。根据答语“The egg”可知，问句是在询问“先有鸡还是先有蛋”这一选择性问题，而答语直接对应选项B的内容，科学家认为先有蛋。故选B。 4．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—Could you please tell me ________? —Certainly. There are so many to follow. For example, we can’t be noisy or eat there. A．where the school library is B．what the school library rules are C．if there’s a library in our school 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我学校图书馆的规则是什么吗？——当然。有很多规则要遵守。例如，我们不能吵闹或在那里吃东西。考查宾语从句。where the school library is学校图书馆在哪里；what the school library rules are学校图书馆的规定是什么；if there’s a library in our school我们学校是否有一个图书馆。根据答语中“There are so many to follow. For example, we can’t be noisy or eat there.”可知，问句是在询问图书馆的规则，而非位置或是否存在。故选B。 5．（2025·江苏镇江·中考真题）—My parents will give me a red packet after my graduation! —I wonder ________. A．how much money have you got B．what you bought with the money C．if you will give it to your parents D．that you will deal with the money 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我毕业后父母会给我一个红包！——我想知道你是否会把它交给你的父母。 考查宾语从句。how much money have you got，语法错误，在宾语从句中，应使用陈述句语序；what you bought with the money，时态错误，根据“My parents will give me a red packet after my graduation!”可知，钱尚未收到，因此不能用过去时；that you will deal with the money，引导词错误，此处应表示“想知道如何处理钱”，应用how引导；C项符合，此处表示好奇对方是否会把红包给父母。故选C。 6．（2025·四川凉山·中考真题）—Sarah, could you tell me ________? —About ten minutes’ walk. A．how far it is from your home to school B．how long it takes you to walk to school C．how you get to school from your home 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——Sarah，你能告诉我从你家到学校有多远吗？ ——步行大约十分钟的路程。 考查宾语从句。how far it is from your home to school从你家到学校多远；how long it takes you to walk to school从你家到学校花费多长时间；how you get to school from your home你如何从家到学校。根据答语“About ten minutes’ walk.”可知，询问的是距离，应用how far引导宾语从句。故选A。 7．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）—That sounds interesting! May I ask ________ to see the changes? —Well, it depends. Some people take a while, and some others take forever. A．how much will it cost B．how long will it take C．how much it will cost D．how long it will take 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——听起来很有趣！请问需要多长时间才能看到变化？——嗯，这要看情况。有些人需要一段时间，有些人则需要一辈子。考查特殊疑问词及宾语从句。how much多少钱；how long多长时间。根据“Some people take a while, and some others take for ever.”可知，此处询问花费时间的长短，用how long引导宾语从句，且宾语从句需要用陈述语序。故选D。 8．（2025·江苏南通·中考真题）—Daniel, I want to read the book Journey to the West. But I don’t know ________. —You can try Nantong Library. A．how I can get one B．what I should take with me C．when I can borrow one D．if I can take Underground Line 1 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——丹尼尔，我想读《西游记》这本书。但我不知道怎样才能弄到一本。——你可以去南通图书馆试试。考查宾语从句。how I can get one我怎样才能得到一本；what I should take with me我该带些什么；when I can borrow one我什么时候能借到一本；if I can take Underground Line 1我是否能乘坐地铁1号线。根据答语“You can try Nantong Library.”可知，此处对方是提问怎样得到这本书，故选A。 9．（2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题）— Excuse me, could you tell me ______? — It usually opens at nine o’clock. A．how I can get to the bank B．where the bank is C．how far the bank is D．when the bank opens 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你能告诉我银行什么时候开门吗？——它通常九点开门。 考查宾语从句。how I can get to the bank我如何到达银行；where the bank is银行在哪里；how far the bank is银行有多远；when the bank opens银行什么时候开门。根据答语“It usually opens at nine o’clock.”可知，此处询问银行开门的时间，所以应该用when引导宾语从句。故选D。 10．（2025·江苏常州·中考真题）—Could you tell me ________ two 30-minute breaks every day? —They help us stay healthy and energetic. A．why we have B．what we do during C．why do we have D．what do we do during 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我为什么我们每天有两次30分钟的休息时间吗？——它们帮助我们保持健康和精力充沛。考查宾语从句。根据“Could you tell me”及选项可知，空处是宾语从句，从句用陈述句语序，排除C、D选项；根据“They help us stay healthy and energetic.”可知，空处是询问每天有两次30分钟的休息时间的原因，用why引导宾语从句。故选A。 11．（2025·山东东营·中考真题）________ you’ve finished your homework, you may go out and play. A．Since B．Before C．Unless D．Although 【答案】A 【详解】句意：既然你完成了作业，你就可以出去玩。 考查连词辨析。Since既然；Before在……之前；Unless除非；Although虽然。根据“you’ve finished your homework, you may go out and play.”可知是指既然完成了作业，就可以出去玩了。故选A。 12．（2025·海南·中考真题）After the speech, it was time for photos. ________ some of our eyes were wet, we still tried to show bright smiles. A．But B．So C．Although 【答案】C 【详解】句意：演讲结束后，是拍照的时间。尽管我们中有些人的眼睛湿了，我们仍然努力展现出明亮的笑容。考查连词辨析。But但是；So所以；Although尽管。此处从句“some of our eyes were wet”与主句“we still tried to show bright smiles”构成让步关系，需用Although引导让步状语从句，故选C。 13．（2025·西藏·中考真题）________ or not you’re successful, you must try your best. A．Whether B．If C．Either D．Neither 【答案】A 【详解】句意：无论你是否成功，你必须尽你最大的努力。 考查让步状语从句。Whether是否，无论；If如果，是否，一般不与“or not”搭配使用；Either两者中的任一；Neither两者都不。此处指“无论”你是否成功，用“Whether or not”固定搭配，意为“无论是否”，用于引导让步状语从句。故选A。 14．（2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题）We should keep our hearts open ________ we can find more and more chances to get to know more people and their cultures. A．so that B．as soon as C．as long as D．even though 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应保持开放的心态，以便能找到更多机会去了解更多的人和他们的文化。 考查连词辨析。so that以便，为了；as soon as一……就……；as long as只要；even though尽管。根据“we can find more and more chances to get to know more people and their cultures.”可知，这句话是保持开放心态的目的，应用so that引导目的状语从句。故选A。 15．（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）It is good for your health ________ you take a walk after supper. A．until B．if C．although 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果你晚饭后散步，它对你的健康有好处。 考查连词辨析。until直到；if如果；although虽然。分析句子可知，后句是前句的肯定条件，用if引导条件状语从句。故选B。 16．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Nowadays more and more people take exercise every day ________ they can have healthier bodies. A．such that B．in order to C．so that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如今，越来越多的人每天锻炼身体，这样他们才能拥有更健康的身体。 考查so that引导的目的状语从句。such that到这样的程度； in order to do sth.为了做某事；so that以便于，后接从句。“每天锻炼”的目的是“拥有更健康的身体”，空后是句子，用so that引导目的状语从句。故选C。 17．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）The high-technology clothes ________ the players wore helped them perform better in the 9th Asian Winter Games. A．that B．who C．what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：运动员穿的高科技服装帮助他们在第九届亚冬会上表现更好。 考查定语从句的引导词。that无实义，引导定语从句，先行词指物或人；who谁，引导定语从句，先行词指人；what什么，引导宾语从句。根据“The high-technology clothes…the players wore”可知原句是定语从句，且先行词是物，应用that引导。故选A。 18．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）—Did you watch the most exciting dance ________ was performed by robots during the Spring Festival Gala of the Year of the Snake? —Yes, it was amazing. A．which B．that C．who 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你看过蛇年春节联欢晚会上机器人表演的最激动人心的舞蹈吗？——是的，它太棒了。 考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是dance，且先行词有最高级修饰，关系词在从句中作主语，用that引导定语从句。故选B。 19．（2025·四川遂宁·中考真题）—What kinds of after-school activities do you like? —I like those activities ________ are about P.E. and art. A．who B．whom C．which D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你喜欢什么样的课外活动？——我喜欢那些关于体育和艺术的活动。 考查定语从句关系词。who谁，引导定语从句时，在句中作主语或宾语，先行词指人；whom谁，引导定语从句时，在句中作宾语，先行词指人；which哪一个，引导定语从句时，在句中作主语或宾语，先行词指物；/不填。根据“activities ...are about P. E. and art”可知，先行词“activities”是物，且从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导定语从句，故选C。 20．（2025·四川达州·中考真题）—What kind of music do you like? —I like music ________ I can dance to. When I hear the songs, I’m full of energy. A．what B．why C．that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你喜欢什么类型的音乐？——我喜欢能跟着跳舞的音乐。当我听到这些歌时，我就充满能量。考查定语从句的关系词。what不引导定语从句； why引导定语从句时，在句中作状语，先行词是the reason；that引导定语从句时，在句中作主语或宾语，先行词是物或人。根据“I like music...I can dance to.”可知，空格处为定语从句的引导词，从句缺宾语，先行词music为物，故应用关系代词that。故选C。 21．（2025·四川成都·中考真题）It’s hard to say goodbye to the teachers ________ have spent the past three years with us. A．which B．who C．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：和那些过去三年与我们共度时光的老师们告别很难。 考查定语从句关系代词的用法。which先行词指物；who先行词指人；what不引导定语从句。空格处引导定语从句修饰先行词teachers，指人，需用关系代词who引导。故选B。 22．（2025·西藏·中考真题）The story ________ my grandfather told me about Qian Xuesen is touching. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我祖父告诉我的关于钱学森的故事很感人。 考查定语从句关系代词。who指代人，在句中作主语；whom指代人，在句中作宾语；whose表示所属关系，在句中作定语；which指代事物，在句中作主语或宾语。根据“The story... mygrand father told me about Qian Xuesen...”可知，先行词是“story”故事，指代事物，且从句中缺少宾语，故选D。 二、短文填空 （2025·四川泸州·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wan Haibo, a 43-year-old deliveryman (快递员) in Tianjin, was honored as a National Model Worker (全国劳动模范) in 2025. After receiving 1 honor, Wan said, “I feel very excited and proud.” Born in the countryside in Handan, Hebei, Wan went to Tianjin in 2018 and 2 (become) a deliveryman. “There’s no easy way to success. Every package (包裹) means responsibility and trust, so it’s necessary to send it in time,” he said. “I thought about stopping, 3 finally got through all the difficulties.” Wan is responsible 4 a large community. He sends about 500 packages a day, but it can increase to even 1,000 daily during online shopping festivals. He 5 (usual) starts work around 6 am and finishes work around 8 pm—that can last to midnight during busy 6 (season). In the past seven years, he 7 (send) over 720,000 packages without any mistake. When facing terrible weather and possible delays (延迟), he will call customers right away to explain. Wan is a warm-hearted person 8 shows special care for older or disabled people. He always helps them buy medicine and take away 9 (they) rubbish during deliveries. Since April 2022, he has volunteered to check and report safety risks in his community. “I’m satisfied that we deliverymen get more social respect now,” Wan said. “I’ll keep working hard and encourage more people around me 10 (help) others.” 【答案】 1．the 2．became 3．but 4．for 5．usually 6．seasons 7．has sent 8．who/that 9．their 10．to help 【导语】本文讲述了天津快递员万海波的故事，他在2025年被授予全国劳动模范称号。 1．句意：在获得这一荣誉后，万说：“我感到非常激动和自豪。”此处特指前文提到的“全国劳动模范”这个荣誉，用定冠词the。故填the。 2．句意：万海波出生在河北省邯郸市的农村，2018年来到天津，成为了一名快递员。根据“went”可知句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式became“成为”。故填became。 3．句意：我曾想过放弃，但最终克服了所有困难。前后是转折关系，用but连接。故填but。 4．句意：万海波负责一个大型社区的快递工作。be responsible for“负责”。故填for。 5．句意：他通常早上6点左右开始工作，晚上8点左右结束工作——在繁忙的季节，工作时间可能会延长到午夜。此处修饰动词用副词usually“通常”。故填usually。 6．句意：他通常早上6点左右开始工作，晚上8点左右结束工作——在繁忙的季节，工作时间可能会延长到午夜。不止一个季节，用名词复数seasons“季节”。故填seasons。 7．句意：在过去七年里，他已经派送了超过72万个包裹，且没有出现任何错误。根据“In the past seven years”可知句子用现在完成时，主语是he，助动词用has，send的过去分词是sent。故填has sent。 8．句意：万海波是一个热心肠的人，他特别关心老年人或残疾人。句子是定语从句，先行词是人，关系词在从句中作主语，用who/that引导定语从句。故填who/that。 9．句意：在派送过程中，他总是帮助他们买药并清理他们的垃圾。修饰空后的名词用形容词性物主代词their“他们的”。故填their。 10．句意：我会继续努力工作，并鼓励周围更多的人去帮助他人。help“帮助”，encourage sb. to do sth.“帮助某人做某事”。故填to help。 1 / 70 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 句子成分、基本句型和三大从句（宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句） 目录 01 锚·课标要求 1 02 理·思维导图 2 03 盘·知识梳理 3 考点一 句子成分 3 考点二 基本句型 4 考点三 宾语从句 7 考点四 定语从句 ...............................................................................................................................................10 考点五 状语从句 .................................................................................................................................11 04 测·背诵检验 12 1.掌握主要句子成分：主语、谓语；次要句子成分：宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语等。 2.掌握五种基本句型：Ｓ +Ｖ，Ｓ +link-Ｖ +Ｐ，Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ ，Ｓ +Ｖ+IO +Ｏ ， Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ 及there be句型等 3.掌握宾语从句的连接词、时态和语序问题;学会运用宾语从句的否定转移和特殊用法 4.系统复习并掌握关系代词、关系副词的用法 5.掌握时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句的引导词及其用法 考点一 句子成分 　　英语句子由多个部分构成，各部分在句子中起着不同的作用，这些构成句子的不同部分被称为句子成分。主要句子成分：主语、谓语；次要句子成分：宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语等。 No. 1　 主语 　　概念和位置：句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，通常位于句首。 　　充当：通常由名词、代词、数词等充当。 　　语序：正常：主语＋谓语； 全部倒装：谓语＋主语； 部分倒装：情态动词/助动词＋主语＋实义动词。 1. John arrived last night. （名词作主语） 2. That’s OK. （代词作主语） 3. Eight is a lucky number in China. （数词作主语） 4. To learn English well is not easy. （不定式作主语） 5. Seeing is believing. （动名词作主语） No. 2　谓语 概念：表示主语的动作或状态。 位置：一般位于主语之后。 充当：一般由动词、动词短语、“情态动词/助动词＋实义动词”结构等充当。 注意：谓语有时态与语态的变化，同时受到句子主语的单复数和人称的制约，如果主语是单数形式，谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式。 1. We are Chinese. （单一动词作谓语） 2. He looked for his bag. （动词短语作谓语） 3. She can speak English well. （情态动词＋动词原形作谓语） No. 3　宾语 概念：表示及物动词（词组）的动作对象或内容。有的动词后可以跟两个宾语，其中把表示人的宾语称为间接宾语，把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语。 位置： 位于及物动词（词组）之后。 充当：通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。 1. I accepted her wise advice. （名词或名词词组作宾语） 2. All of us like him. （代词作宾语） 3. Give me six. （数词作宾语） 4. They began to learn English a year ago. （不定式或不定式短语作宾语） 5. He enjoys working at night. （动名词或动名词短语作宾语） 6. I think that she is right./I wonder if you’d like to go with us. （从句作宾语） No. 4　表语 概念： 说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份，与系动词一起构成复合谓语。 位置：位于系动词之后。 充当：通常由形容词、代词、名词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。 1. I feel much better today. （形容词作表语） 2. The pen is mine. （代词作表语） 3. They are his students. （名词词组作表语） 4. His father is sixty－five. （数词作表语） 5. They are over there. （副词词组作表语） 6. We are in trouble. （介词短语作表语） 7. Her dream is to go to college. （不定式短语作表语） 8. My hobby is collecting stamps. （动名词短语作表语） 9. The truth is what she said just now. （从句作表语） No. 5　定语 概念：修饰或限定名词或代词的成分叫定语。 位置： 定语有前置定语和后置定语。形容词、数词、代词、名词等作定语时一般放于被修饰词之前，但是在修饰any-，some-，no-， every-等构成的单词，如something 等时，应放于这些复合不定代词之后进行修饰。动词不定式、副词、介词短语、从句等作定语时一般放于被修饰词之后。 充当：通常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词或名词所有格、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或从句等充当。 1. He is a kind man./He is a 15-year-old student. （形容词或相同于形容词的结构作定语） 2. The boy was Dave./My father was washing his car. （冠词或代词作定语） 3. I bought a coffee cup yesterday./He is Sam’s father. （名词或名词所有格作定语） 4. Three children are running along the bank./You are the first one here. （数词作定语） 5. The woman there needs a pen. （副词作定语） 6. Do you know the boy in the first row？/The girl in a dress is his sister. （介词短语作定语） 7. I have a lot of work to do. （不定式作定语） 8. The meeting that you have missed yesterday was very important. （从句作定语） No. 6　状语 概念：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、伴随、条件、程度、让步等。 位置： 状语位置灵活。修饰整个句子时放于句首；修饰形容词或副词时放于其前；表时间、目的、地点时常放于主句之前或之后，若强调时则应放于主句之前；频度副词如almost、often 等作状语常放于be 动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前。 充当：通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式短语或从句等充当。 1. I’m very glad to meet you here. （副词作状语，修饰形容词） 2. My brother goes to school by bike. （介词短语作方式状语） 3. The boy needs a pen to do his homework. （不定式短语作目的状语） 4. You can’t leave until your work is finished. （从句作时间状语） No. 7　补语 概念和位置：补语有两种，分别是主语补足语和宾语补足语。最常见的是宾语补足语（简称宾补）——有些及物动词的宾语后需要添加部分内容对宾语进行补充说明。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语，多当作固定用法使用。 充当：常由形容词、名词、动词不定式、分词、介词短语等充当。 1. New methods make the job easy. （形容词作宾补） 2. The war made him a soldier. （名词作宾补） 3. The teacher asks the students to close the windows. （不定式短语作宾补） 4. I saw a cat running across the road. （分词短语作宾补） 5. I often find him at work. （介词短语作宾补） No. 8　同位语 概念：对句子中某一名词（词组）做进一步解释、说明，与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。 位置：位于被说明的成分之后。 充当：通常由名词、代词、名词词组等充当。 1. We students should study hard. （名词students是we的同位语，都是指同一批“学生”） 2. We all are students. （代词all是we的同位语，都指同样的“我们”） 3. Mr. Smith， our new teacher， is very kind to us. （名词词组our new teacher是主语Mr. Smith 的同位语，指同一人） 考点二 基本句型 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 二、英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： S＋V（主＋谓） 基本句型二： S＋V＋P（主＋系＋表） 基本句型三： S＋V＋O（主＋谓＋宾） 基本句型四： S＋V＋IO＋DO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 基本句型五： S＋V＋O＋OC（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型一：S＋V（主＋谓） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。例如： 1. Time flies. 2. The moon rose. 3. The man cooked. 基本句型二：S＋V＋P（主＋系＋表） 此句型句子的谓语动词不能独立表达完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做系动词。系动词分两类： 类别 系动词 状态类 be 感官类 look， sound ，taste， smell， feel 表象性 seem ，appear 变化类 Get， turn, grow, become, go，fall 持续性 stay， remain， keep, stand 结果性 prove , turn out 基本句型三：S＋V＋O（主＋谓＋宾） 此句型句子的共同特点：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词（词组）叫做及物动词（词组）。 1. We planted trees. 2. She laughs at her. 基本句型四：S＋V＋IO＋DO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 此句型句子的共同特点：谓语动词后可以跟有两个宾语。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。间接宾语一般在前面，直接宾语在后面。 注意：有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调，这时，间接宾语前应加上介词to或for。 ★间接宾语前要用to的常用动词有：give， tell， lend， sell， teach， send， write， show， return， bring， pass， leave， offer， hand， play等。 ★间接宾语前加介词for的动词有： buy， choose， get， make， order， sing， do， save等。 1. He gave me a book/a book to me. 2. Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 3. He’s warned me of the danger. （特殊例子——直宾前加介词，只有这一种形式，不能对调） 基本句型五：S＋V＋O＋OC（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 此句型句子的共同特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 1. We keep the table clean. 2. Bill ordered him to leave. 考点三 宾语从句 　宾语从句是在复合句中充当宾语的句子。宾语从句的三要素为：语序、时态和连接词。 1.宾语从句的语序 宾语从句要用陈述语序，即“主句＋连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”。如： 2.宾语从句的时态 （1）需要性原则：主句现在时，从句时态视客观需要而定。 如：Can you tell me what he did yesterday？ （2） 呼应性原则：主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的某种时态。 如：Kate said she was reading a newspaper at this time yesterday. （3） 特殊性原则：表示客观事实、真理或自然现象时，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。 如：Mom told me that the earth goes around the sun. （助记：主现从任意，主过从必过，真理永不变） 3.宾语从句引导词 that 引导的宾语从句的用法 1. 位置：that 引导的宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）、介词或形容词之后。 ①作及物动词，如：say，think，tell，know，hear，see，hope，wish，remember，forget等的宾语。如：　 She says that she will help me learn English this evening.她说今天晚上她会帮我学英语。 ②作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except，but，in之后。如： He is a good boy except that he is careless. 他是一个好男孩，只是有点儿粗心。 ③作＂be + 形容词＂结构的宾语。某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，如：sure，glad，certain，pleased，sorry，happy，afraid等，连词that可省略。如： I’m happy (that) I passed the exam. 我很高兴我通过了考试。 2. 引导词that可以省略的几种情况： 引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略： She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。 I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去的。 I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。 3. 引导词that不能省略的几种情况： that在引导宾语从句时，并不是在任何情况下都可以省略，在以下几种情况下，that不能省略。 ①从句的主语是that时，that不能省略； We know that is an interesting film. 我们知道那是一部有趣的电影。 ②and连接的两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如： He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice. 他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。 ③that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如： I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。 4. 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如： We thought it strange that Xiao Zhang did not come yesterday. 小张昨天没来，我们觉得很奇怪。 5. 宾语从句的否定转移。 在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句，当主句的主语是第一人称时，谓语尽管是否定的意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，英语称这种现象为否定转移。如： ①我认为今晚他不能来。 I don’t think he can come this evening. ②他认为我们现在不在教室里。 He thinks we are not in the classroom now. 6. that引导的宾语从句变成被动语态时，只变主句，不变从句。实际上，我们经常把It is said that ...（据说……）；It is known that ...（众所周知……）；It is reported that ...（据报告……）等当作固定句式来运用。如： It is said that he is from Canada. 据说他来自加拿大。 if/whether引导的宾语从句 当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，常用if或whether引导宾语从句，if/whether意为＂是否＂。说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在see，ask，say，learn，tell，wonder，doubt，find out，be uncertain /doubtful / be not known 等后，二者通常可以互换。口语中多用if代替whether。在非正式的写作中，可以使用if 或 whether 两个词来表达不定性，两者都算标准。 I wonder if/whether he is a driver. 我想知道他是不是个司机。 Alice wants to know if/whether she has passed the exam. 爱丽丝想知道她是否考试及格了。 【拓展】 一般情况下，if和whether可互换，在口语中多用if， 而在以下几种情况下，只能用whether。 1. 与 or 连用分别引导两个从句时，或强调两方面的选择, 特别是句中有or not时用whether，不用if。 I don’t know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是否会来。  I will write to you whether or not I can come / whether I can come or not. 2. 在动词不定式之前只能用whether。 He doesn’t know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否会去。 Please tell us whether to go there or stay here. 请告诉我们是去那里还是待在这里。 3. 在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句，而If则不能。 It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取决于我是否有足够的时间。 4. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，用whether，不用if。 Whether this is true, I can’t say. Whether he is single, I don’t know. 5. 在某些动词（如discuss，decide）之后，只能用whether，而不用if引导宾语从句。 We discussed whether we should close the shop. （虚拟语气） 6. 在引导否定概念宾语从句时，只能用if，而不用whether。 He asked me if I hadn’t finished my work. 注意：doubt否定句用that引导。因为don’t doubt 意为相信，不怀疑，if是否表示疑虑。 疑问词引导的宾语从句 特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，由疑问词 when, who, what, where, whatever, how，which, why等引导。宾语从句的词序一律用陈述句的词序，即＂主语+谓语＂词序。 （1）由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序，故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两组句子： How much does this coat cost? → I want to know how much this coat costs. Where did you go yesterday? → Please tell me where you went yesterday. （2）当疑问代词what、who在特殊疑问句中作主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来作宾语时，语序不需要调整。 What’s wrong with you? 怎么了？ → He asked the girl what was wrong with her. What’s the matter? 怎么了？ → He asked the girl what was the matter. 考点四 定语从句 　　在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。根据关系词在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词（that，which，who，whom， whose）和关系副词（when指代时间，where指代地点，why指代原因）。 定语从句结构：先行词＋关系词＋从句（其中使用关系代词时，先行词可以直接代入从句） 1.关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 用法 例句 who/whom 指人，在从句中who作主语或宾语，whom作宾语 ①The foreigner who/that visited our school yesterday is from Canada. ②The boy （who/whom/that） we met is Li Ming’s brother. ③The person to whom you just spoke is Mr. Li. which 指物，在从句中可作主语或宾语 ①The book which/that is on the table is mine. ②The fish （which/that） we bought were not fresh. that 既可指人又可指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语等 ①A plane is a machine that/which can fly. ②Everything （that） you learn becomes a part of you and changes you. ③That’s the man （that/who/whom） you are looking for. 2.关系代词只能用that的几种情况 特殊情况 例句 当先行词为all，much，little，few，something，anything，everything，none，nothing等不定代词时 I did nothing that might hurt you. 我没做过可能伤害你的事。 当先行词被the only，the same，the very，the last或few， little， much， no， some， any等词修饰时 Shopping is the only thing that interests her. 购物是唯一让她感兴趣的事情。 Please send us any information that you have about the subject. 有关这个专题的任何资料都请寄给我们。 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I’ve ever seen. 这是我所看过的最好的电影。 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时 Who is the boy that is reading in the sun？ 正在阳光下看书的那个男孩是谁？ 当先行词既有人又有物时 She took photos of the things and people that she was interested in. 她把她感兴趣的人和物拍了下来。 3.关系代词只能用which的情况 特殊情况 例句 关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，且位于介词后时 I prefer TV shows from which I can learn a lot. 我更喜欢那些我可以从中学到很多东西的电视节目。 先行词是that，those时 Those which are on the desk are my books. 那些在桌子上的是我的书。 考点五 状语从句 1.状语从句: 一个从句在句中相当于一个副词，一般用来修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等，在句中表示时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、方式、让步、比较等意义。 分类：让步状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、时间状语从句、原因状语从句、方式状语从句、地点状语从句、比较状语从句等。 状语从句 从属连词(作引导词) 时间状语从句 when/while/as“当……的时候”,while“与……同时”,as“随着；一边……，一边……”,before“在……之前”；“还没来得及……就……”；“还没有”；尚未”；“趁着……没有”；“……就”；“……才”,once“一旦；一……就”,after“在……之后”,(ever)since“自从……以来”,until/till“直到”,as soon as/once / no sooner...than...(=hardly/scarcely...when/before...)(主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时)“一……就……”等 地点状语从句 where“在……地方”,wherever(=everywhere)“在/到……的任何地方”“任何……的地方”anywhere“ 在任何……的地方”“任何……的地方”等 条件状语从句 if“如果”,unless“除非……”；“如果不……”；“如果没有……”,as/so long as“只要”,in case“假使”等 目的状语从句 in order that/so that“以便，为了”,in case“以防(万一)”,for fear that“唯恐，以免，以便不”等 原因状语从句 because(=in that)“因为”,as“由于”,since(=now that)“既然”,for fear that“因(为)怕”，“生怕”等 结果状语从句 so that“结果……”so…that/such…that“如此……以致于……”等 让步状语从句 although/though/while/as“虽然；尽管”,even though/even if“即使”,whether…or…“不管是/无论是……还是……”,no matter…“无论……”,however“无论/不管怎样……”,wh-ever“无论/不管……”等 方式状语从句 as if/as though“似乎；好像”,just as“正如；正像”as“像……那样；照……方式，如同，按照”,as/so far as“就……(而言)”等 比较状语从句 as…as“像……那样”,not so(as)…as“不像……那样”,than“比”,The+比较句…,the+比较句…“越……，越……”等 2.状语从句的时态 （1）主将从现：在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。常用此类词（组）有：表时间的when， while， until， till， before， after， as soon as，以及表条件的if， unless， as long as等。 如：When I am 18， I will learn to drive. （2） 主祈/情从现：若主句是祈使句或含情态动词，从句用一般现在时表将来。 如：If you work hard， you can pass the exam easily. （3） since引导的时间状语从句，主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 如：Twenty years has passed since I came here. 【考点链接】 一、单项选择 1．Sad movies make me want to cry. A．宾语补足语 B．间接宾语 C．直接宾语 D．表语 2．He likes music that he can dance to. A．主语 B．宾语 C．定语 D．状语 3．They brought her some food and money. A．直接宾语 B．定语 C．表语 D．间接宾语 4．The sentence structure of “Tom is playing basketball.” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 5．What is the sentence pattern of the sentence “They are swimming in the river now.”? A．S+V+P B．S+V C．S+V+O D．S+V+O+OC 6．The sentence structure of “Mr Zhang teaches us English.” is _________. A．S+V+DO B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P 7．Which is the sentence pattern of “He bought you a dictionary yesterday.”? A．S+V+O B．S+Ⅴ+IO+DO C．S+V D．S+V+O+OC 8．—I wonder if Li Hua ______ to the party tomorrow. —I think she will come if she ______ free. A．comes; is B．will come; is C．comes; will be D．will come; will be 9．— Can you tell me __________? — Sure. I run every morning and play basketball on weekends. A．how you stay healthy B．how do you stay healthy C．when do you exercise D．when you exercise 10．—DeepSeek has impressed the whole world with its powerful models. —I haven’t used it. I wonder ______. A．what languages could DeepSeek understand B．how can DeepSeek be used in English learning C．how long it takes DeepSeek to answer a question D．that DeepSeek has more advantages over ChatGPT 11．The little girl asked her mother ________. A．that she could hold a party at home B．how long will she hold her party C．if her friends will come to her party D．how many guests would come to her party 12．—Why didn’t you go to bed early last night? —I had to wait ________ my brother came back. He was caught in the rain. A．while B．till C．because D．unless 13．All the teachers think that he is _________ good storyteller _________ he will be a good writer in the future. A．so, that B．such a, that C．so a, that D．quite a, that 14．Xiao Wei didn’t go to bed ________ he finished his homework. A．if B．until C．since 15．You won’t be able to finish this difficult task ______ you have some background knowledge. A．as B．if C．unless D．because 16．________ we keep helping others in need, we will create a better world full of love. A．As well as B．As soon as C．As long as 17．______ they had met with a heavy rain, their football match still went on. A．Because B．While C．Although D．If 18．Huang Xuhua’s spirit continues to encourage young scientists to become excellent ________ he has passed away. A．though B．because C．unless D．when 19．—You should do some housework for me _________ you have grown up. —OK, dad, I will _________ I have a lot of homework to do. A．unless, since B．since, if C．although, until D．since, unless 20．We should take care of the earth ________ we can make a better world to live in. A．so that B．ever since C．even if D．even though 21．Our country will set up a traditional reading day ______ more and more people can pay attention to deep reading and Chinese traditional culture. A．even though B．so that C．unless 22．The teacher asked us to read the poem aloud ________ we could feel the beauty. A．unless B．though C．so that D．even if 23．This story is ______ moving that many people cried when they read it. A．so B．such C．too D．very 24．It is ________ a beautiful garden ________ we like to play in it. A．so, that B．too, to C．very, that D．such, that 25．—What do you think of Thomas? —Nice and kind. He tries to spread love and care ________ he goes. A．everywhere B．whatever C．however 二、单词拼写 1．Our teacher told us that light (travel) faster than sound last term. 2．The little boy is so worried in the exam because he doesn’t know when (hand) in the paper. 3．The teacher told us that the earth (travel) around the sun. 4．I (get) home with my sister while my mother was cooking. 5．It’s ten years since he (start) teaching. 6．You won’t improve your English unless you (work) hard at it. 7．My brother wants a mobile phone which (take) good pictures. 8．There (be) at least eight more high-speed railways in Wuxi in five years. 9．Friends are really important. No one can live (complete) without others. 10．The price for the hotel room is 235 dollars a night, (include) breakfast. 三、语法选择 Do you often throw away things you don’t need anymore? Have you ever thought about 1 these things can actually be put to good use? Nothing is a waste 2 you have a creative mind. You have probably never 3 of Amy Hayes, but she is a most unusual woman. She lives in a house in the UK 4 she built herself out of rubbish. The windows and doors come from old buildings around her town that were pulled down. The top of the house is 5 old boat turned upside down. And the gate in front of her house is made 6 rocks and old glass bottles. Amy recently won a prize from the Help Save Our Planet Society. The president said 7 , “Amy is an inspiration to us all”. Amy isn’t the only one who is good at recycling. Jessica Wong from Hong Kong uses old clothes that people don’t wear any more 8 bags. She has been doing this for a few years. Now she opened a small shop where she sells her bags, and she has also set up a website to sell them online. She especially likes to use old jeans to make handbags. 9 bags are cute and useful. “I plan to write a book about new ways to use old clothes,” she said, “I hope people 10 read my book and enjoy it!” Wang Tao set up a small business in Shanghai four years ago. He is known for 11 iron and other materials from old cars to make beautiful art pieces. Some are large pieces that look like animals or humans, and some are much 12 pieces you can put at home. Some popular works can even 13 in art shops around the city. Wang Tao hopes to set up a “metal art” theme park to show people the 14 of environmental protection. Not only can the art bring happiness to others, 15 it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity. 1．A．who B．what C．which D．how 2．A．if B．unless C．so D．and 3．A．hear B．heard C．hearing D．hears 4．A．that B．whose C．where D．when 5．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 6．A．from B．in C．by D．of 7．A．excited B．excitedly C．exciting D．excitement 8．A．to make B．make C．made D．making 9．A．She B．Herself C．Hers D．Her 10．A．must B．can C．need D．should 11．A．use B．used C．using D．to use 12．A．small B．smaller C．smallest D．the smallest 13．A．see B．have seen C．be seen D．seeing 14．A．importance B．important C．importantly D．unimportant 15．A．because B．so C．but D．or 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 Jack is a kind and warm-hearted student. He has been a member 1 a volunteer group for many years. He 2 (hear) about the charity (慈善) sale in his school yesterday, and he felt excited. Now he 3 (collect) his old things at home. The first thing he is going to sell is a blue bike. He has owned it since his 4 (five) birthday. The bike is still new 5 Jack cleans it every month. Then he decides 6 (give) away his story books. He has kept 7 (they) for a long time. The story books bring him 8 (much) than he could imagine. So Jack believes one day these books will lead other kids to a 9 (wonder) world, too. His parents say Jack has helped many people for three years. They feel 10 (real) happy about 11 he has done for others. Jack 12 (think) his action will make a difference to others’ lives even though he only does some small 13 (thing). 14 fact, everyone can play 15 active role in volunteering. Why not start right now? 【真题链接】 一、单项选择 1．（2023·四川内江·中考真题）If you feel unhappy, you can ask your parents or teachers for help. A．表语 B．状语 C．宾语 D．主语 2．（2023·四川内江·中考真题）I have had the dictionary for many years. A．状语 B．表语 C．定语 D．谓语 3．（2025·山东东营·中考真题）—I wonder ________. —The egg. Scientists from Switzerland believe so. A．how long the egg has been in the world B．which came first, the egg or the chicken C．whether you like the egg and the chicken D．when scientists started to study the chicken 4．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—Could you please tell me ________? —Certainly. There are so many to follow. For example, we can’t be noisy or eat there. A．where the school library is B．what the school library rules are C．if there’s a library in our school 5．（2025·江苏镇江·中考真题）—My parents will give me a red packet after my graduation! —I wonder ________. A．how much money have you got B．what you bought with the money C．if you will give it to your parents D．that you will deal with the money 6．（2025·四川凉山·中考真题）—Sarah, could you tell me ________? —About ten minutes’ walk. A．how far it is from your home to school B．how long it takes you to walk to school C．how you get to school from your home 7．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）—That sounds interesting! May I ask ________ to see the changes? —Well, it depends. Some people take a while, and some others take forever. A．how much will it cost B．how long will it take C．how much it will cost D．how long it will take 8．（2025·江苏南通·中考真题）—Daniel, I want to read the book Journey to the West. But I don’t know ________. —You can try Nantong Library. A．how I can get one B．what I should take with me C．when I can borrow one D．if I can take Underground Line 1 9．（2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题）— Excuse me, could you tell me ______? — It usually opens at nine o’clock. A．how I can get to the bank B．where the bank is C．how far the bank is D．when the bank opens 10．（2025·江苏常州·中考真题）—Could you tell me ________ two 30-minute breaks every day? —They help us stay healthy and energetic. A．why we have B．what we do during C．why do we have D．what do we do during 11．（2025·山东东营·中考真题）________ you’ve finished your homework, you may go out and play. A．Since B．Before C．Unless D．Although 12．（2025·海南·中考真题）After the speech, it was time for photos. ________ some of our eyes were wet, we still tried to show bright smiles. A．But B．So C．Although 13．（2025·西藏·中考真题）________ or not you’re successful, you must try your best. A．Whether B．If C．Either D．Neither 14．（2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题）We should keep our hearts open ________ we can find more and more chances to get to know more people and their cultures. A．so that B．as soon as C．as long as D．even though 15．（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）It is good for your health ________ you take a walk after supper. A．until B．if C．although 16．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Nowadays more and more people take exercise every day ________ they can have healthier bodies. A．such that B．in order to C．so that 17．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）The high-technology clothes ________ the players wore helped them perform better in the 9th Asian Winter Games. A．that B．who C．what 18．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）—Did you watch the most exciting dance ________ was performed by robots during the Spring Festival Gala of the Year of the Snake? —Yes, it was amazing. A．which B．that C．who 19．（2025·四川遂宁·中考真题）—What kinds of after-school activities do you like? —I like those activities ________ are about P.E. and art. A．who B．whom C．which D．/ 20．（2025·四川达州·中考真题）—What kind of music do you like? —I like music ________ I can dance to. When I hear the songs, I’m full of energy. A．what B．why C．that 21．（2025·四川成都·中考真题）It’s hard to say goodbye to the teachers ________ have spent the past three years with us. A．which B．who C．what 22．（2025·西藏·中考真题）The story ________ my grandfather told me about Qian Xuesen is touching. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 二、短文填空 （2025·四川泸州·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wan Haibo, a 43-year-old deliveryman (快递员) in Tianjin, was honored as a National Model Worker (全国劳动模范) in 2025. After receiving 1 honor, Wan said, “I feel very excited and proud.” Born in the countryside in Handan, Hebei, Wan went to Tianjin in 2018 and 2 (become) a deliveryman. “There’s no easy way to success. Every package (包裹) means responsibility and trust, so it’s necessary to send it in time,” he said. “I thought about stopping, 3 finally got through all the difficulties.” Wan is responsible 4 a large community. He sends about 500 packages a day, but it can increase to even 1,000 daily during online shopping festivals. He 5 (usual) starts work around 6 am and finishes work around 8 pm—that can last to midnight during busy 6 (season). In the past seven years, he 7 (send) over 720,000 packages without any mistake. When facing terrible weather and possible delays (延迟), he will call customers right away to explain. Wan is a warm-hearted person 8 shows special care for older or disabled people. He always helps them buy medicine and take away 9 (they) rubbish during deliveries. Since April 2022, he has volunteered to check and report safety risks in his community. “I’m satisfied that we deliverymen get more social respect now,” Wan said. “I’ll keep working hard and encourage more people around me 10 (help) others.” 1 / 70 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $