专题06 动词的时态和语态（知识清单）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题06 动词的时态和语态 目录 01 锚·课标要求 1 02 理·思维导图 2 03 盘·知识梳理 3 考点一 动词的时态 4 考点二 动词的语态 8 04 测·背诵检验 11 动词的时态是全国各地中考的高频考点。一直实中考的重、难点，而且新课标也提出时态的重要性。考查形式多样化，各种题型都有所涉及。尤其在单项选择语句设置多为两个单句，其语境设置灵活，大多没有明显的时间状语提示，需要分析另一语句的语境和时态来判断动作的先后顺序，淡化了古板的依赖时间状语提示来判定时态的考查方式。现在完成时为每年必考的时态，过去进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时为常考点。一般过去时为高频考点，一般现在时和现在进行时为轮考点。 语态问题是中考高频考点，考生在备考时应注意熟练掌握各种时态下的被动语态所表示的意义、其结构和相关的时间状语。解答此类题时，可根据具体语境、时间标志词、从句和主句的时态搭配、固定句型等判断出正确答案。 考点一 动词的时态 　　动词的时态表示谓语动词的动作或状态发生的时间和方式。英语中共有四种不同的时间（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）和四种不同的方式（一般、进行、完成、完成进行），任意一种时间和方式相组合就构成一种时态。英语中共有十六种动词的时态，考生只需掌握其中的6种动词的时态，即一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时。具体见下面表格： 1.一般现在时、一般过去时与一般将来时 时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 用法 ①表示事物或人物的特征、状态 ②表示经常性、习惯性的动作 ③表示客观事实、普遍真理 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态 标志词 always， usually， often， never， sometimes， every day等 yesterday， last night， two days ago， just now， in 2010， the other day等 tomorrow， next week， next year， in the future， in an hour等 谓语 形式 ①be 动词的三种形式（am， is， are） ②动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式 ①be 动词的过去式（was， were） ②动词的过去式 ①will＋动词原形 ②be going to＋动词原形 动词 变形 规则 动词变第三人称单数规则： ①一般情况下，直接在动词原形后加-s：see→sees ②以-s， -x， -ch， -sh， -o结尾的动词，在词尾加-es： watch→watches ③以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es： study→studies 动词变过去式规则： ①一般情况下，在词尾加-ed： cook→cooked ②以不发音的e 结尾的动词，在词尾加-d： live－lived ③以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed： plan－planned ④以“辅音字母＋y” 结尾的动词，先变y 为 i，再加-ed： carry－carried △不规则变化 —— 例句 She is thin. Tom goes to work every day. They usually draw after class. He was a student in 2010. Jack played tennis last night. We are going to have a wonderful school trip next week. 2. 现在进行时和过去进行时 时态 现在进行时 过去进行时 用法 表示现在、目前或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情 表示在过去某一时刻、某一段时间内或某个动作发生时正在进行的动作 标志词 （句） now， at the moment， look， listen， at present， these days， when/while引导的时间状语从句 at that time， at this time yesterday， at ten last night，at the time of the rainstorm，when/while引导的时间状语从句 谓语 形式 am/is/are ＋现在分词 was/were ＋现在分词 动词 变形 规则 动词变现在分词规则： ①直接在词尾加-ing： cook→cooking，play→playing ②以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，先去e，再加-ing： dance→dancing， hike→hiking 注意：若e发音，则不能去掉，如： see→seeing ③以重读闭音节结尾的动词且词尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ing： begin→beginning， cut→cutting， swim→swimming 易错单词：visit→visiting， listen→listening ④个别以-ie结尾的动词，先变ie为y，再加-ing： die→dying， lie→lying 例句 I am working now. She is doing her homework at the moment. I was working at that time. She was doing her homework at ten last night. 3. 现在完成时 时态 现在完成时 用法 强调过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，不强调动作发生的具体时间；也表示某一动作或状态从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，而且还有可能持续下去 标志词 （句） already， just， yet， ever， before， so far， up to now， until now， in the past ten years， “for＋时间段”， “since＋过去时间点/从句”等 谓语形式 have/has＋过去分词 动词变形规则 动词变过去分词的规则同变动词过去式的规则 例句 I have finished my homework. I’ve been at this school for over two years. 【拓展】延续性动词与非延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词 become be buy have leave be away borrow（听力常考） keep（听力常考） begin/start be on finish be over marry be married join be in fall ill be ill die be dead 　　现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在，与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词，非延续性动词不可与一段时间连用。如： 我离开北京已经五年了。 误： I’ve left Beijing for five years. 正： I’ve been away from Beijing for five years. 易混时态辨析 1.一般现在时态与现在进行时态 一般现在时态 现在进行时态 概念 表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，也表示主语具备的性格和能力，或陈述客观真理 表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作 构成 ①主语+be+其他 ②主语+实义动词+其他 ③主语+情态动词+动词原形+其他 主语+be (am，is，are)+v.-ing+其他 时间状语或标志词 always，usually，often，sometimes， every day/week/ month/ year..，on Sunday， in the morning等 now，right now，at the moment， today，these days，look，listen， It’s...o’clock.等 表示情感、意识（如want，like，know等）以及表示“有”的have等动词，一般不用于现在进行时，但可用于一般现在时 例：I walk to school every day. 我每天步行去上学。 My brother usually gets up at 6 o’clock 我弟弟通常在六点起床。 Alice doesn’t like playing soccer. 艾丽斯不喜欢踢足球。 The moon goes around the earth. 月球绕着地球转。 Tom is walking to school now. 汤姆现在正步行去学校。 My grandmother is exercising in the park 我姥姥正在公园里锻炼。 My brother is always working hard. 我哥哥一直学习很努力。 2.一般过去时与过去进行时 一般过去时侧重说明过去发生的动作的事实，往往已经完成。 过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，侧重强调动作的持续，一般还没有完成。 例1. They built a skyscraper. 他们建了一座摩天大楼。（已经完成） 例2. They were building a skyscraper.他们正在建一座摩天大楼。（没有完成） 例3. He took exercise after he got up.起床后他去锻炼身体了。 例4. He was taking exercise when he met Mr Smith.他在锻炼身体时碰到了史密斯先生。 3.一般过去时与现在完成时 ①侧重点不同 现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如： I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容） I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影） Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑） Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天） ②时间状语不同 现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如： She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。 She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。 He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。 考点二 动词的语态 1.被动语态的句型 句型 构成 例句 肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词( + by... ) English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。 否定句 主语 + be + not + 过去分词( + by…) English isn’ t spoken by people here. 这里的人不说英语。 一般疑问句 Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by...)? —Was Tom asked to come early? 汤姆被要求早点来吗? —Yes, he was. 是的，他被要求了。/No, he wasn’ t. 不，他没有。 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词(+by...)? Why was this bridge destroyed by the government? 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥? 2.被动语态的各种时态形式 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他 History is made by the people. 历史是人们创造的。 These books are designed for children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。 一般过去时 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他 The letter was written in English. 这封信是用英语写的。 The cars were made in Shanghai. 这些车是上海生产的。 一般将来时 主语 + will be + 过去分词 + 其他 Your job will be kept open for your return. 你的工作将保留到你回来。 When will the work be finished? 这项工作什么时候完成？ 现在进行时 主语+ am/is/am + being + 过去分词 +其他 A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。 Because my car is being repaired, I have to go to work by taxi. 因为我的车正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。 过去进行时 主语+ was/were + being + 过去分词+ 其他 The hall was being built last year. I’ m not sure if it is completed. 这个个大厅去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了没有。 The road was being widened when I passed by the village. 当我经过那个村庄时，道路正在加宽。 现在完成时 主语 +have/has been + 过去分词 + 其他 He has been sent to work in Shanghai. 他已经被派往上海工作了。 Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday? 运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗？ 过去完成时 主语 + had been + 过去分词 + 其他 The room had been broken into before we came. 我们来之前已经有人强行进过这间屋子。 A new hotel had been built when I got there. 我到那儿时，一座新旅馆已经建好了。 情态动词 主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 + 其他 Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天量两次。 If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受热，水会变成蒸气。 3.被动语态的用法 用法 例句 不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者 How is this word pronounced? 这个单词怎么发音？ The book was published in 2005. 这本书是2005年出版的。 强调动作的承受者 School will be opened in our village. 我们村将开办一所新的希望学校。 当动作的执行者是泛指时 He is suspected of robbing the bank. 有人怀疑他抢劫银行。 表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者 I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。 句法修饰的需要 The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young musician from Italy. 乔要做这个报告，他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。 有些动词习惯上常用被动语态 He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。 It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand. 据报道，他是来自新西兰的一位教授。 4.主动语态变被动语态 说明 例句 含有单个宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，并依据上表（被动语态的各种时态形式）谓语改为被动形式；如果需要说明动作的发出者，则需加上＂by + 主动句的主语（人称代词宾格）＂。 The famous professor gave two lectures in English. →Two lectures were given (by the famous professor) in English. 那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。 They often ask some questions after class. →Some questions are often asked (by them) after class. 他们经常在课后问一些问题。 含有双宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语＂：当直接宾语是名词或代词时，可将间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为被动的主语，而另一个保持不动。但是，当直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前应加上介词to或or。 The doctor gave me some good advice on the pronunciation. →I was given some good advice on the pronunciation. →Some good advice was given to me on the pronunciation. 老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。 含有复合宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 宾语 +宾语补足语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语，简称主补)。 We call him Li Hua. →He is called Li Hua. 我们叫他李华。 They painted the room white. →The room was painted white. 他们把房间刷成了白色。 【易错警示】 感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补，变为被动语态时，需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号to，即＂be seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made to do sth＂。 They saw her enter the meeting room just now. →She was seen to enter the meeting room just now. 刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。 含有动词短语（作谓语）的主动句：谓语为及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被动语态。 They take good care of these children. →These children are taken good care of. 他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。 We should make full use of the good chance. →The good chance should be made full use of. 我们应该充分利用这次好机会。 【易错警示】 动词短语用于被动语态时，把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。 5.主动形式表示被动意义 情况 例句 说明主语的性质、特征的动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：lock，open，read，sell，teach，wash，write等。 The cloth washes well. 这种布料很容易洗. A freshly baked cake doesn’ t cut easily. 刚烤好的蛋糕不容易切。 表示感官的连系动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：smell，feel，taste，sound等。 This piece of music sounds good. 这段音乐听起来不错。 Mooncakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很美味。 某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义，如：need，want，require，worth等。 The bike needs repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。 Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。 【知识拓展】 常见的被动形式表示主动意义的词组： be seated 坐着，就座 be hidden 躲藏 be lost 迷路 be drunk 喝醉 be dressed 穿着 【考点链接】 一、单项选择 1．—I haven’t seen your brother for a long time. Where is he? —He ______ in Beijing. He ______ there for three years. A．works; works B．works; has worked C．worked; worked D．worked; has worked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他在北京工作。他在那里工作三年了。 考查动词时态辨析。第一个空描述当前状态（他现在在北京工作），需用一般现在时；第二个空有“for three years”（表示一段时间），强调动作从过去开始持续到现在，需用现在完成时。故选B。 2．My father ______ to work by bike every day, but yesterday he ______ by bus because of the rain. A．goes; went B．goes; goes C．went; went D．went; goes 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我父亲每天骑自行车去上班，但昨天因为下雨，他乘公共汽车去了。 考查一般现在时和一般过去时。第一个空描述每天的习惯（every day），需用一般现在时（goes）；第二个空描述昨天发生的具体事件（yesterday），需用一般过去时（went）。故选A。 3．She ________ going out for a walk after dinner. A．enjoyed B．has enjoyed C．enjoys D．is enjoying 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她喜欢晚饭后散步。 考查动词时态。该句描述的是习惯性的动作，用一般现在时，主语是she，动词用三单形式。故选C。 4．Shenzhou 20 crew ________ successfully in good physical condition on Nov. 14, 2025. A．have landed B．had landed C．landed D．lands 【答案】C 【详解】句意：神舟二十号机组于2025年11月14日成功着陆，身体状况良好。 考查一般过去时。have landed已经着陆，现在完成时；had landed已经着陆了，过去完成时；landed着陆了，一般过去时；lands着陆，一般现在时。根据“on Nov.14, 2025”可知，这是一个具体的过去时间点，应使用一般过去时表示过去发生的动作。故选C。 5．Xu Xiake more than 30 years travelling, mostly on foot, around China in the 17th century. A．spends B．spent C．has spent D．was spending 【答案】B 【详解】句意：17世纪时，徐霞客花了30多年的时间，大多靠步行游历中国。 考查动词时态。根据句中的时间状语“in the 17th century”可知，这是一个过去的时间点，句子要用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式spent。故选B。 6．The number of the teachers in our school _________ bigger last term. A number of teachers _________ for over ten years now. A．grew, have worked B．grows, has worked C．grows, have worked D．grew, are working 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们学校老师的数量上学期增加了。许多老师现在已经工作了十多年。 考查时态和主谓一致。第一空，主语为“The number of the teachers”，“the number of”表示“……的数量”，是单数概念，谓语动词需用单数形式；时间状语“last term”表示过去时间，时态为一般过去时，因此这里应用过去式grew“增加”，排除B和C； 第二空，主语为“A number of teachers”，“a number of”表示“许多”，是复数概念，谓语动词需用复数形式；时间状语“for over ten years now”表示动作从过去持续至今，时态应用现在完成时，助动词用have，动词work的过去分词为worked，即have worked，排除D。故选A。 7．If traditional craftsmen get better support, they ________ more beautiful works of art. A．will create B．have created C．are creating D．created 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果传统手工艺人得到更好的支持，他们将创作更多美丽的艺术品。 考查时态。will create为一般将来时；have created为现在完成时；are creating为现在进行时；created为一般过去时。在if引导的条件句中，从句用一般现在时，主句需用一般将来时。故选A。 8．According to the weather report, there ________ a heavy rain in the next 24 hours. A．will have B．is going to be C．has D．was 【答案】B 【详解】句意：根据天气预报，未来24小时内将有一场大雨。 考查there be句型的将来时表达。根据题干“there…a heavy rain in the next 24 hours”可知，空格处需填入表示将来存在的正确形式。B项“is going to be”是there be句型的将来时正确表达，表示“将有”。故选B。 9．—What exciting event will happen in our school next Monday? —There __________ a singing competition in our school. A．is going to have B．will have C．is going to be D．are going to be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——下周一我们学校会发生什么激动人心的事件？——我们学校将有一场歌唱比赛。 考查there be句型的将来时表达。there be句型表示“存在”，此处是一般将来时，结构是There will be或There is/are going to be，主语a singing competition为单数，be动词需用单数形式is，C项符合。故选C。 10．—Why is the music room so noisy? —Some students ________ for the talent show there. A．practice B．practiced C．will practice D．are practicing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——音乐室为何如此嘈杂？——一些学生正在那里为才艺表演排练。 考查动词时态。根据“Why is the music room so noisy?”可知，空处应是描述正在发生的动作，需现在进行时，其结构为be doing，主语Some students为名词复数，be动词用are。故选D。 11．—Don’t make so much noise. Grandma ________. —OK, no problem. A．sleeps B．will sleep C．is sleeping D．was sleeping 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——别那么吵。奶奶正在睡觉。——好的，没问题。 考查动词时态。根据“Don’t make so much noise.”可知，此处暗含奶奶睡觉的动作正在进行，应用现在进行时。故选C。 12．—Look at the “Stop” sign. Some workers ________ the road. —Yes. We have to take another road. A．have repaired B．were repairing C．are repairing D．would repair 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——看那个“停”标志。一些工人正在修理马路。 ——是的。我们不得不走另一条路。     考查动词时态。have repaired，现在完成时；were repairing，过去进行时；are repairing，现在进行时；would repair，过去将来时。根据“Look at the “Stop” sign.”可知，对话中提到“看‘停’标志”，说明工人正在修路，动作正在进行，因此应使用现在进行时are repairing。故选 C。 13．—Where is Grace? —I’m not sure. Maybe she ________ her baseball lesson. A．had B．was having C．is having D．will have 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——格蕾丝在哪里？——我不确定。也许她正在上棒球课。 考查时态辨析。had有，过去式；was having有，过去进行时；is having有，现在进行时；will have有，一般将来时。根据“I’m not sure. Maybe she...her baseball lesson.”可知，不确定格蕾丝的位置，推测她也许正在上棒球课，用现在进行时表示此时正在发生的动作。故选C。 14．—Listen! What’s that noise? —Oh, the boys ________ the cows and they’re very excited. A．feed B．fed C．are feeding D．will feed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——听！那是什么声音？——哦，那些男孩正在喂牛，他们感到非常兴奋。 考查动词的时态。feed喂养，动词原形；fed动词的过去式或过去分词；are feeding现在进行时；will feed一般将来时。根据“Listen!”可知，此处应用现在进行时。故选C。 15．The new AI application ________ daily life by helping people with tasks like translation and information retrieval. A．changes B．changed C．is changing D．will change 【答案】C 【详解】句意：新的人工智能应用正在通过帮助人们完成翻译和信息检索等任务来改变日常生活。 考查时态。句子描述的是新的AI应用当前对日常生活的影响，强调动作正在持续发生，符合现在进行时的用法，其结构为：am/is/are+现在分词，故选C。 16．The boy bumped into a young man when he ________ around the corner. A．walked B．was walking C．is walking D．walks 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当男孩在拐角处正在走时，他撞到了一个年轻人。 考查时态一致和过去进行时的用法。walked走，一般过去时；was walking正在走，过去进行时；is walking正在走，现在进行时；walks走，一般现在时。主句“bumped”表示“撞到”是一般过去时，表示过去发生的瞬间动作；when引导的时间状语从句中，需用过去进行时表示动作正在进行，在此表达“他正在拐角处走时”。故选B。 17．—Why didn’t you answer my call? —I ______ a shower at that time. A．take B．was taking C．took D．am taking 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——为什么你没接我的电话？——我那时在洗澡。 考查过去进行时的用法。根据答语中的时间状语“at that time”可知，动作发生在过去某个具体时刻且正在进行，需用过去进行时“was/were+doing”表示。故选B。 18．—Jiaozi, the director of the movie Ne Zha 2 ________ on cartoon movies since he graduated from university. —I admire him a lot. His success tells us that hard work will pay off in the end. A．has worked B．is working C．worked D．will work 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——电影《哪吒2》的导演饺子自大学毕业以来就一直在制作卡通电影。——我非常钦佩他。他的成功告诉我们，努力最终会有回报。考查动词时态辨析。根据“since he graduated from university”可知，since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语“the director of the movie Ne Zha 2”是第三人称单数，所以用has，故选A。 19．—It has been ten years since we met each other for the first time. —How time flies! I can’t believe that we ________ friends for ten years. A．made B．have made C．have been D．are making 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——自从我们第一次见面已经十年了。——时间过得真快！我不敢相信我们已经做了十年朋友了。考查现在完成时表示持续状态的用法。made成为，过去式；have made已经成为，现在完成时，短暂性动词；have been已经成为/一直是，现在完成时，延续性动词；are making正在成为，现在进行时。根据“for ten years”可知，表示持续的时间段，需与表示延续状态的现在完成时连用。故选C。 20．—Tom __________ the library and he __________ there for 10 minutes. —Oh, I will go there, too. A．have gone to, have been to B．has gone to, has been C．has gone to, has been in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——汤姆去了图书馆，并且已经在那里待了10分钟。—— 哦，我也会去那里。 考查主谓一致。主语“Tom”是第三人称单数，助动词需用三单形式has，可排除A项；“there”是地点副词，前面不能加介词，结合选项可知，B项符合。故选B。 21．Trees ______ every year to make our city more beautiful. A．plant B．planted C．are planted D．were planted 【答案】C 【详解】句意：每年树木被种植以使我们的城市更美丽。 考查被动语态。根据时间状语“every year”可知句子描述习惯性动作，应用一般现在时；且“树木”是“种植”的承受者，故用被动语态。故选C。 22．Mary ________ for her excellent drawing in the school art competition last week. A．praised B．was praised C．was praising D．has praised 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Mary上周因其在学校艺术比赛中的出色画作而受到表扬。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据时间状语“last week”可知，句子时态为一般过去时；主语Mary与动词praise之间是被动关系，表示“Mary被表扬”，应用被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态结构为was/were+动词过去分词，主语Mary是第三人称单数，故be动词用was。故选B。 23．—The graduation ceremony __________ on the afternoon of June 20th. —Good luck to you! A．will be held B．was held C．will held 【答案】A 【详解】句意：—— 毕业典礼将于6月20日下午举行。——祝你好运！ 考查时态和语态。根据答语“Good luck to you!”可知，毕业典礼尚未举行，需用一般将来时；主语“The graduation ceremony”与hold之间为动宾关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。故选A。 24．Since the new rules were introduced, many complaints ________. A．is made B．was made C．have been made D．will be made 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从新规则被引入以来，许多投诉已经被提出。 考查现在完成时的被动语态。句子为since引导的时间状语从句，“were introduced”表示从过去开始的动作，主句需用现在完成时强调动作的持续影响；主语“many complaints”为复数，谓语需用复数形式，且“投诉”是被提出的，需用被动语态。故选C。 25．—Liangshan football team created a “dark horse legend” in the 2025 Sichuan Super League. —Yes, their players ________ widely during the competition. A．can’t be praised B．were praised C．will be praised 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——凉山足球队在2025年四川超级联赛中创造了“黑马传奇”。——是的，他们的球员在比赛中受到了广泛赞扬。考查动词时态和语态。根据“created”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，主语“their players”与谓语动词“praise”之间为被动关系，即球员被赞扬，故此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+过去分词”。故选B。 二、单词拼写 1．Looking at the only egg, his grandfather (说谎) to the boy that he had eaten one. 【答案】lied 【详解】句意：看着仅剩的一个鸡蛋，爷爷对男孩撒谎说自己已经吃了一个。根据句意和汉语提示，lie“说谎”，为动词；宾语从句“that he had eaten one”是过去完成时，此处主句应是一般过去时，lie (说谎) 的过去式是lied。故填lied。 2．On the day of the Double Ninth Festival, people often (爬) hills with cornels, a kind of plant. 【答案】climb 【详解】句意：在重阳节那天，人们经常带着茱萸（一种植物）爬山。根据汉语提示可知，climb“爬”，动词；根据“often”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语“people”是集合名词，谓语动词使用动词原形。故填climb。 3．If you have a dream, do devote yourself to it and finally you will (成功). 【答案】succeed 【详解】句意：如果你有梦想，一定要全身心投入其中，最终你会成功。根据“If you have a dream, do devote yourself to it and finally you will ... (成功).”以及汉语提示可知，此处需填入表示“成功”的动词。“成功”对应的英文动词为“succeed”，且will后接动词原形，故填succeed。 4．The passengers are the train to arrive at the station. It’s already 10 minutes late. (等待) 【答案】waiting for 【详解】句意：乘客们在等火车到站，已经晚点10分钟了。根据中文提示可知，“等待”的英文表达是wait for，根据语境可知句子时态是现在进行时，句中are已给出，wait的现在分词是waiting，故填waiting for。 5．The moon was through the window, and his face white as the moon. (照耀) 【答案】shining 【详解】句意：月光正透过窗户照进来，他的脸像月亮一样白。“照耀”shine，was后应跟其现在分词构成过去进行时结构。故填shining。 6．The national record for women’s 60-meter hurdles was (打破) by Wu Yanni in 2025. 【答案】broken 【详解】句意：女子60米栏的全国纪录是在2025年被吴艳妮打破的。句子是被动语态结构（“was + 过去分词”），“打破”对应的英文动词“break”的过去分词是broken。故填broken。 7．Lily was (选择) to be the most excellent student of our school this term. 【答案】chosen 【详解】句意：莉莉这学期被选为我们学校最优秀的学生。根据“Lily was...to be the most excellent student”可知，句子主语Lily是动作的承受者，应用被动语态，结构为“be+过去分词”；“选择”对应的英文单词是choose，其过去分词形式为chosen。故填chosen。 8．Don’t step on the grass, or you’ll be . (罚款) 【答案】fined 【详解】句意：不要踩在草地上，否则你会被罚款的。根据中文提示，fine“罚款”符合语境，结合设空处前的“you’ll be”可知，此处指的是被罚款，因此填过去分词。故填fined。 9．Now China acts to improve people’s mental health and more services are (提供) for those in need. 【答案】provided 【详解】句意：如今中国采取行动提升人们的心理健康水平，并且为有需要的人提供更多服务。根据“more services are”及提示词可知，主语“services”是动作“提供”的承受者，要用被动语态；句中有Now，可知时态为一般现在时，一般现在时的被动语态结构是“am/is/are+过去分词”，“提供”是provide，其过去分词是provided。故填provided。 10．Whoever breaks the laws will sooner or later be caught and will be (惩罚). 【答案】punished 【详解】句意：无论谁犯法，迟早会被抓住并受到惩罚。punish“惩罚”，此处是“will be done”结构，所以用动词的过去分词形式，故填punished。 三、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 When I was in middle school, I hardly ever raised my hands to answer questions in class. And I found 1 my classmates were just like me. When the teacher asked a question, I always hid behind the textbook because I 2 afraid that the teacher would see me. One day, Mr Black gave us a lesson. He wanted us to be active in class, so he asked us some questions, but no one 3 . “At the beginning of the class, let me tell you a story,” he said. “When I went to the United States to study, the university often invited famous people 4 speeches. Before the beginning of every speech, I found an interesting thing. The students around me always took a piece of paper folded in half. Their names 5 in bold (黑体字) with the most eye-catching (引人注目的) color, and then placed the paper 6 the seat. So when the speaker needed answers from the students, he could see and call their names directly.” “My classmates told me 7 all top people, and they meant chances. When your answer was excellent, it meant they might give you 8 chances than before. In fact, I really saw a few students get great chances because of that.” After listening to 9 story, I understood that the chance will not find you itself. You must show 10 all the time so that you can find a chance and then catch it. 1．A．a lot B．a lots of C．lots of D．lot of 2．A．was B．were C．am D．are 3．A．will answer B．answered C．answers D．is answering 4．A．avoid B．to avoid C．make D．to make 5．A．write B．wrote C．were written D．are written 6．A．on B．of C．for D．against 7．A．that the speakers were B．that were the speakers C．what the speakers were D．what were the speakers 8．A．little B．less C．much D．more 9．A．/ B．a C．an D．the 10．A．you B．yourself C．your D．yours 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．A 8．D 9．D 10．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了“我”中学时在课堂上不敢发言，后来通过Mr Black分享的“美国大学学生主动展示自己以获得机会”的故事，明白“要主动展现自己才能抓住机会”的经历。 1．句意：我发现我的同学们大多和我一样。 a lot常作副词短语，表 “很、非常”；a lots of表述错误，无此用法；lots of后接名词，表 “许多”；lot of表述错误，无此用法。根据“my classmates”可知，此处需修饰名词“classmates”。表示“许多同学”。故选C。 2．句意：我总是躲在课本后面，因为我害怕老师会看到我。 was am/is 的过去式，主语为单数；were are的过去式，主语为复数；am 现在时，主语为I；are 现在时，主语为复数。根据“When the teacher asked a question”可知，用一般过去时；主语是“I”，对应的be动词过去式是“was”。故选A。 3．句意：他想让我们在课堂上活跃起来，所以他问了我们一些问题，但没人回答。 will answer一般将来时；answered一般过去时；answers一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数；is answering现在进行时。根据“gave a lesson”和“asked questions”可知，此处 “没人回答” 也用一般过去时，“answered”符合时态。故选B。 4．句意：当我去美国留学时，大学经常邀请名人来做演讲。 avoid避免，动词原形；to avoid避免，不定式；make做，动词原形；to make做，不定式。根据“speeches”可知，邀请名人来做演讲，做演讲用make speeches。“invite sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，表“邀请某人做某事”，故用“to make”。故选D。 5．句意：他们的名字以黑体字显示，并使用最引人注目的颜色。 write写，动词原形；wrote写，过去式；were written被写，一般过去时的被动语态；are written被写，一般现在时的被动语态。根据“ Their names”可知，“名字”是“被写”的，需用被动语态；文章是过去时态，故用 “were written”。故选C。 6．句意：然后把纸放在座位上。 on在……上面；of……的；for为了；against靠着。根据“paper”和“the seat”的位置关系可知，纸是放在“座位上面”。故选A。 7．句意：我的同学告诉我，所有顶尖人物都拥有机会，他们指的是机会。 that the speakers were宾语从句，陈述语序；that were the speakers宾语从句，疑问语序，错误；what the speakers were表语错误，“speakers” 是 “人”，不用 what；what were the speakers语序、表语均错误。根据“tell sb. that…”是宾语从句结构，可知，从句需用陈述语序；此处是“演讲者是顶尖人物”，用“that”引导、陈述语序。故选A。 8．句意：当你之前的回答非常出色时，这意味着他们可能会给你比以前更多的机会。 little少的，修饰不可数名词，原级；less更少，比较级；much多的，原级；more更多，比较级。根据“your answer was excellent”可知，应是“更多机会”；句中有“than”，需用比较级，“more” 符合。故选D。 9．句意：听完这个故事后，我明白了机会不会自己找上门来。 /零冠词；a不定冠词，表泛指；an不定冠词，表泛指，后接元音音素开头的词；the定冠词，表特指。根据“story”可知，此处“故事”是前文Mr Black讲过的特定故事，表特指，需用“the”。故选D。 10．句意：你必须时刻展现自己，这样才能抓住机会并抓住它。 you你，主/宾格；yourself你自己，反身代词；your你的，形容词性物主代词；yours你的，名词性物主代词。根据“show”可知，是“展示你自己（让别人看到）”，反身代词 “yourself” 符合语义。故选B。 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填写一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 My name is Dave. I 1 (invite) to join a city-level violin competition last month. And I won the 2 (two) prize finally. I started learning to play the violin when I was five. Since then, I 3 (play) the violin in public for several years. People sometimes ask me 4 I feel nervous. I can honestly say “I do not”. I feel quite sure 5 it and I know how to play it well. But that does not mean I never feel nervous. Last week, I 6 (take) part in an activity to collect money for children in poor areas. After it, I was asked to give 7 speech about it in our school. The day came at last. Though I 8 (plan) carefully, I was afraid I might forget my 9 (word). When my teacher came to see me an hour before the speech, I 10 (practice) it repeatedly in front of the mirror. When I finally stood up 11 (speak), my hands were shaking. And I could not hold my notes. Then my teacher encouraged me, “Come on, believe in 12 (you). I am sure you are the 13 (good).” I felt very relaxed on hearing this. In the end, the speech was very 14 (success). Everyone cheered loudly. It was such a wonderful feeling. I 15 (remember) this experience forever. It is so special to me. 【答案】 1． was invited 2．second 3．have played 4．if/whether 5．about 6．took 7．a 8．planned 9．words 10．was practicing 11．to speak 12．yourself 13．best 14．successful 15．will remember 【导语】本文讲述了作者Dave的个人经历，主要围绕他在小提琴演奏方面的成就以及一次演讲的经历展开。 1．句意：上个月我被邀请参加一个市级小提琴比赛。根据“last month”可知，句子是一般过去时，主语I和动词invite之间是被动关系，表示“我被邀请”，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were+动词的过去分词，主语是I，be动词用was，invite的过去分词是invited。故填was invited。 2．句意：并且我最终获得了二等奖。two是基数词，表示“二”，根据“the...prize”可知，此处表示“二等奖”，用序数词second“第二”。故填second。 3．句意：从那时起，我已经在公众面前拉小提琴好几年了。根据“for several years”可知，句子用现在完成时，结构为have/has+动词的过去分词，主语是I，助动词用have，play的过去分词是played。故填have played。 4．句意：人们有时问我我是否感到紧张。根据“People sometimes ask me...I feel nervous.”可知，此处是宾语从句，表示“是否感到紧张”，用if/whether“是否”引导宾语从句。故填if/whether。 5．句意：我对它很有把握，并且我知道如何把它拉好。根据“I feel quite sure...it”可知，此处表示“对它有把握”，用sure about“对……有把握”，所以此处用about。故填about。 6．句意：上周，我参加了一个为贫困地区儿童筹款的活动。根据“Last week”可知，句子是一般过去时，动词take用过去式took。故填took。 7．句意：活动结束后，我被要求在我们学校做一个关于它的演讲。give a speech“做演讲”，固定短语。故填a。 8．句意：虽然我仔细计划了，但我担心我可能会忘记我的话。根据“I was afraid I might forget my...”可知，此处表示“担心忘记我的话”，是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时，动词plan用过去式planned。故填planned。 9．句意：虽然我仔细计划了，但我担心我可能会忘记我的话。word表示“话”时，常用复数形式words。故填words。 10．句意：当我的老师在演讲前一小时来看我时，我正在镜子前反复练习。根据“When my teacher came to see me an hour before the speech”可知，此处表示“老师来看我时，我正在练习”，所以用过去进行时，结构为was/were+动词的现在分词，主语是I，be动词用was，practice的现在分词是practicing。故填was practicing。 11．句意：当我终于站起来讲话时，我的手在颤抖。根据“stood up...”可知，此处用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“站起来为了讲话”，所以用to speak。故填to speak。 12．句意：加油，相信你自己。根据“believe in...”可知，此处表示“相信你自己”，用反身代词yourself“你自己”。故填yourself。 13．句意：我相信你是最好的。good是形容词，表示“好的”，根据“the...”可知，此处用good的最高级best“最好的”。故填best。 14．句意：最后，演讲非常成功。success是名词，表示“成功”，根据“the speech was very...”可知，此处用形容词successful“成功的”作表语。故填successful。 15．句意：我将永远记住这次经历。根据“forever”可知，此处表示“将永远记住”，用一般将来时，结构为will+动词原形。故填will remember。 【真题链接】 一、单项选择 1．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—Excuse me, may I use your ruler? I ________ mine. —Of course! Here you are. A．have lost B．will lose C．am losing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，我可以用你的尺子吗？我丢失了我的尺子。——当然！给你。 考查现在完成时。根据“Excuse me, may I use your ruler?”可知，此处是指已经丢失了尺子，从而导致去借对方的尺子，空处强调过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时。故选A。 2．（2025·海南·中考真题）After graduation, we________ a new journey in life. A．start B．will start C．started 【答案】B 【详解】句意：毕业后，我们将开始新的人生旅程。 考查一般将来时，因为“After graduation”表示将来时间，动作尚未发生，故需用“will start”表示将来。故选B。 3．（2025·江苏镇江·中考真题）Our English teacher isn’t in the office now. She ________ the library. A．goes to B．has gone to C．will go to D．was going to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师现在不在办公室。她去图书馆了。 考查动词时态。根据“Our English teacher isn’t in the office now”可知，“去图书馆”的动作发生在过去，且对现在造成了“不在办公室”的影响，需用现在完成时；“has gone to” 符合“去了未回”的语境。故选B。 4．（2025·西藏·中考真题）I ________ some good friends since I came to this school. A．has made B．have made C．make D．made 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自从我来到这所学校以来，我交了一些好朋友。考查时态。根据“since I came to this school”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done，主语是I，助动词用have。故选B。 5．（2025·江苏淮安·中考真题）—What will you do tomorrow? —I ________ the museum to learn about the local history. A．visit B．visited C．will visit D．are visiting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你明天要做什么？——我要去参观博物馆来了解当地的历史。 考查动词时态辨析。根据问句中的时间状语“tomorrow”可知，答句应使用一般将来时，故选C。 6．（2025·四川凉山·中考真题）—China is taking action to help people manage their weight and lead healthier lives. —Yes. The government ________ a three-year “Weight Management Year” program already. A．started B．has started C．will start 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——中国正在采取行动帮助人们控制体重，过上更健康的生活。——是的。政府已经开始了为期三年的“体重管理年”计划。考查时态。started一般过去时；has started现在完成时；will start一般将来时。根据“already”可知，政府已经开始了为期三年的“体重管理年”计划，本句应使用现在完成时。故选B。 17．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）Thanks a million, Julie! If it ________, you will be my angel! A．works B．will work C．fails D．will fail 【答案】A 【详解】句意：万分感谢，Julie！如果成功了，你就是我的天使！ 考查动词辨析及if条件句。work成功，有效；fail失败。根据“If it ..., you will be my angel!”可知，此句为if引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时，结合“you will be my angel!”可知，如果事情成功，Julie将是对方的天使。故选A。 18．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）The therapy centre is on High Street and it ________ service for over 10 years. A．has started B．has been in C．has stopped D．has been out of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：治疗中心位于高街，已经服务了10多年。 考查动词和动词短语。has started开始，start是短暂性动词，不能与持续时间连用；has been in一直在……中，强调状态从过去持续到现在；has stopped停止，stop是短暂性动词，不能与持续时间连用；has been out of一直在……之外，强调状态从过去持续到现在。根据“for over 10 years”可知，此处不能使用短暂性动词start和stop，排除A、C；结合“The therapy centre is on High Street and it ... service for over 10 years.”可知，治疗中心一直提供服务超过10年，应该用has been in。故选B。 19．（2025·江苏常州·中考真题）Suzy ________ her bedroom at this time yesterday, so she didn’t go shopping. A．tidies B．tidied C．is tidying D．was tidying 【答案】D 【详解】句意：昨天这个时候，苏西正在整理她的卧室，所以她没有去购物。 考查过去进行时。根据“at this time yesterday”可知，强调在过去的某个时间点，正在发生的动作，用过去进行时。故选D。 20．（2025·江苏徐州·中考真题）Oh, you are growing so fast, Paul! Soon you ________ taller than your dad. A．are B．were C．have been D．will be 【答案】D 【详解】句意：哦，保罗，你长得真快！很快你就会比你爸爸高了。 考查将来时态。根据时间标志词“Soon（很快）”可知，此处表示将来会发生的事情，需用一般将来时（will do）。故选D。 21．（2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Now the students in primary and junior high schools ______ a 15-minute break between classes. A．had B．will have C．have D．would have 【答案】C 【详解】句意：现在中小学生课间有15分钟的休息时间。 考查动词时态。句中“Now”表示当前的时间状态，说明描述的是现在的客观事实，因此需要用一般现在时。故选C。 22．（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）—Time for dinner, my girl. Please tell your father that dinner is ready. —Wait a minute, mum. My dad ________ a phone call. A．answered B．is answering C．will answer 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——该吃晚饭了，我的女儿。请告诉你爸爸晚饭准备好了。——等一下，妈妈。我爸爸正在接电话。考查现在进行时。根据“Wait a minute, mum. My dad…a phone call.”可知，此处描述的是当前正在发生的动作，即爸爸正在接电话，因此应该使用现在进行时is answering。故选B。 23．（2025·四川广元·中考真题）—Amy recently won a prize from the Help Save Our Society. Can you guess ________? —It’s said that she built a house out of rubbish. A．what did she do B．what she did C．what does she do D．what she does 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——艾米最近获得了“帮助拯救我们的社会”奖。你能猜猜她做了什么吗？——据说她用垃圾建了一座房子。考查宾语从句。根据“Can you guess”可知，此处是宾语从句，宾语从句需用陈述句语序（主语+谓语），排除A、C两项（疑问语序）。根据答句“built”可知，此处询问过去的行为，应为一般过去时。故选B。 24．（2025·北京·中考真题）Many international students ________ to visit our school since last year. A．are coming B．have come C．came D．will come 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自去年以来，许多国际学生来参观我们学校。 考查动词时态。根据“since last year”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选B。 25．（2025·北京·中考真题）—Peter, did you play table tennis with your friends after school yesterday? —No, I didn’t. We ________ vegetables in our school garden. A．water B．have watered C．watered D．are going to water 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——彼得，你昨天放学后和朋友们打乒乓球了吗？——不，我没有。我们在学校花园里浇了蔬菜。考查动词时态。根据“after school yesterday”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应为一般过去时，谓语动词用其过去式。故选C。 26．（2025·北京·中考真题）Charlie ________ his grandparents every weekend. He loves them very much. A．visits B．was visiting C．will visit D．has visited 【答案】A 【详解】句意：查理每个周末都会去看望他的祖父母。他非常爱他们。 考查动词时态。根据“every weekend”可知，此处描述经常性的动作，应为一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用其单三形式。故选A。 27．（2025·北京·中考真题）Mary ________ a picture when her dad got home yesterday evening. A．draws B．was drawing C．is drawing D．will draw 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天晚上，当她的爸爸回家时，玛丽正在画画。考查动词时态。本句是含when引导的时间状语从句的复合句，从句动作发生时，主句动作正在进行，从句是一般过去时，主句应为过去进行时，结构是was/were doing，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用was。故选B。 28．（2025·吉林长春·中考真题）The movie Ne Zha 2 ________ with the public since it came out. A．has been popular B．is popular C．was popular D．will be popular 【答案】A 【详解】句意： 电影《哪吒2》自上映以来一直受到公众的欢迎。考查现在完成时。根据“since it came out”可知，句子描述的是从过去某一时间点开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，并且有可能继续持续下去，因此需要使用现在完成时态，has been popular表示“一直受欢迎”。故选A。 29．（2025·甘肃金昌·中考真题）—Cindy, my sunglasses are on the floor and they are broken. What happened? —Sorry, dear. I don’t know. I _________ in the kitchen then. A．cook B．was cooking C．have cooked D．will cook 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——辛迪，我的太阳镜在地板上，坏了。发生了什么事？——对不起，亲爱的。我不知道。当时我在厨房做饭呢。 考查动词的时态。根据“What happened?”和“then”可知，此处指太阳镜坏的时候正在做饭，用过去进行时was/were doing。故选B。 30．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）When Li Lei came into the room, his friends ________ for his birthday party. A．prepared B．are preparing C．were preparing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当李雷走进房间时，他的朋友们正在为他的生日聚会做准备。 考查过去进行时。根据“When Li Lei came into the room, his friends ... for his birthday party.”可知，强调在过去的某个时间点，正在发生的动作，用过去进行时。故选C。 31．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—Do you know that tea, one of the most popular drinks in the world, ________ by accident? —Really? It’s my favourite drink. A．was invented B．invented C．was inventing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你知道茶，世界上最受欢迎的饮品之一，是偶然发明的吗？——真的吗？它是我最喜欢的饮品。考查被动语态。主语“tea”与动词“invent”之间是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态was invented。故选A。 32．（2025·海南·中考真题）The ceremony ________ in the school hall. A．held B．was held C．was holding 【答案】B 【详解】句意：仪式在学校大厅举行。考查被动语态。主语The ceremony与动词hold之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，其结构为“be动词+过去分词”。故选B。 33．（2025·西藏·中考真题）More and more new technologies will ________ into our lives by scientists. A．bring B．brought C．be brought D．brings 【答案】C 【详解】句意：越来越多的新技术将被科学家引入我们的生活中。 考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语More and more new technologies和动词bring之间是被动关系，故此处用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选C。 34．（2025·四川凉山·中考真题）—We planted lots of trees on Tree Planting Day. —That’s quite meaningful. To have a greener world, more trees should ________ every year. A．plant B．be planted C．are planted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们在植树节种了很多树。——这很有意义。为了有一个更加绿色的世界，更多的树应该被种植。考查被动语态。plant原形；be planted被动语态；are planted被动语态。分析语境可知，主语more trees和动词plant之间是被动关系，空格前有情态动词，be动词用原形。故选B。 35．（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）When Tony ________ why he was late for school, he just kept silent. A．asks B．was asked C．will be asked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当托尼被问到为什么上学迟到时，他只是保持沉默。 考查时态和语态。根据“When Tony...why he was late for school, he just kept silent.”可知，句子用一般过去时，此处指Tony被问及“为什么上学迟到”，用被动语态，即一般过去时的被动语态“was/were done”，故选B。 三、单词拼写 1．（2025·山东日照·中考真题）I (借) the book to Ted last week, but he hasn’t returned it yet. 【答案】lent 【详解】句意：我上周把书借给了Ted，但他还没有归还。根据中文提示可知，此处表示“借”，用lend表示，lend sth. to sb.“把某物借给某人”，固定搭配；根据“last week”可知，句子是一般过去时，谓语动词用其过去式。故填lent。 2．（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）My grandma always prepares meals for me, so today I’m going to (烹饪) a meal for her. 【答案】cook 【详解】句意：我奶奶总是给我做饭，所以今天我要给她做饭。烹饪：cook，be going to do sth.“打算做某事”。故填cook。 3．（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）To sleep well at night, I usually (更喜欢) to read books to relax my mind before going to bed. 【答案】prefer 【详解】句意：为了晚上睡个好觉，我通常更喜欢在睡觉前看书放松一下。更喜欢：prefer，根据“usually”可知句子用一般现在时，主语是I，谓语动词用原形。故填prefer。 4．（2025·云南·中考真题）We will to stop water pollution near the lake tomorrow. (采取行动) 【答案】take action 【详解】句意：明天我们将采取行动阻止湖附近的水污染。采取行动：take action，will后加动词原形。故填take action。 5．（2025·江苏苏州·中考真题）I have never (后悔) choosing to be kind, even when it was not easy. 【答案】regretted 【详解】句意：即使在不那么容易的时候，我也从不后悔选择善良。regret“后悔”，根据“have never”可知句子应用现在完成时，助动词have后接regret的过去分词regretted。故填regretted。 6．（2025·江苏扬州·中考真题）Yangzhou in central Jiangsu Province. (位于) 【答案】lies 【详解】句意：扬州位于江苏省中部。“位于”lie，结合语境可知，句子描述扬州的地理位置，属于客观事实，时态用一般现在时，由于主语Yangzhou为三单，故谓语动词应用三单。故填lies。 7．（2025·四川广安·中考真题）Maybe books will be (代替) by the Internet in the future. 【答案】replaced 【详解】句意：也许将来书会被互联网取代。“代替”replace，结合“will be...by”可知，这里是一般将来时的被动语态，所以此处应用动词的过去分词。故填replaced。 8．（2025·四川广安·中考真题）Wang Hui often (分享) traditional Chinese culture with Steve online. 【答案】shares 【详解】句意：王辉经常在网上与史蒂夫分享中国传统文化。share“分享”，根据“often”可知，句子用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单形式。故填shares。 9．（2025·山东泰安·中考真题）—What happened to you yesterday afternoon? —I (跌落) off the electric bicycle. Luckily, I wore a helmet and didn’t hurt my head. 【答案】fell 【详解】句意：——昨天下午你发生了什么事？——我从电动自行车上摔了下来。幸运的是，我戴了头盔，头部没有受伤。fall“跌落”，根据“yesterday afternoon”可知，动词应使用过去式，故填fell。 三、语法选择 （2025·陕西·中考真题） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Nana looked out of the window. It was starting 1 . Soon, the ground turned white. She stood at the window and watched until it was getting dark outside. The trees and ground 2 by white snow. Nana felt happy and was thinking about snowmen. She loved making snowmen, and tomorrow she could wear her new 3 to make the first snowman of this winter with her dad. When Nana woke up the next morning, the sunshine 4 in through her bedroom window. Her dad was already up and dressed. He knocked 5 the door and came into her room with the smell of cold and fresh air clinging to (附着于) his coat. He had 6 milk in his hand. “Get up, sleepyhead,” he said with a smile. “Can you guess 7 ?” He winked (眨眼). Before Nana could give the answer, her father went on: “It 8 almost up to your knees!” Nana jumped out of her bed, dressed 9 , and rushed to the window for a look. Then she ran to the kitchen and sat down at the table. While eating, she talked with her father 10 about the snowman they would build. This year, they decided they would make the biggest snowman ever! 1．A．rain B．to rain C．snow D．to snow 2．A．cover B．covered C．are covered D．were covered 3．A．gloves B．glove C．glove’s D．gloves’ 4．A．is shining B．shines C．was shining D．will shine 5．A．at B．of C．in D．to 6．A．glass B．a glass C．glass of D．a glass of 7．A．how deep is the snow B．how deep the snow is C．how long will the snow last D．how long the snow will last 8．A．be B．am C．is D．are 9．A．herself B．himself C．he D．she 10．A．excited B．excitedly C．exciting D．excitingly 【答案】 1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了Nana期待下雪后与父亲堆雪人的温馨故事，展现冬日亲子互动的快乐。 1．句意：开始下雪了。 rain下雨；to rain下雨，动词不定式；snow下雪；to snow下雪，动词不定式。根据“Soon, the ground turned white.”可知是下雪了，start to do“开始做某事”。故选D。 2．句意：树木和大地被白雪覆盖。 cover覆盖，动词原形；covered覆盖，过去式或过去分词；are covered被覆盖，一般现在时的被动语态；were covered被覆盖，一般过去时的被动语态。主语“The trees and ground”为复数，且与cover“覆盖”构成被动关系，即树木和大地被雪覆盖；根据“watched”和“was getting dark”可知时态为一般过去时，故此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，即were covered。故选D。 3．句意：她喜欢堆雪人，明天她就可以戴上新手套和爸爸一起堆这个冬天的第一个雪人了。 gloves手套，复数；glove手套，单数；glove’s手套的，单数所有格；gloves’手套的，复数所有格。“手套”通常以复数形式出现，根据“wear her new...to make the first snowman...”可知，此处指戴新手套，无需所有格。故选A。 4．句意：第二天早上，娜娜醒来时，阳光正透过她卧室的窗户照进来。 is shining正在照耀，现在进行时；shines照耀，一般现在时；was shining正在照耀，过去进行时；will shine将照耀，一般将来时。根据“when Nana woke up”可知，动作发生在过去某个时刻（醒来时），强调阳光正在照射，用过去进行时。故选C。 5．句意：他敲了敲门，走进她的房间，衣服上飘着一股凉飕飕的新鲜空气。 at在；of的；in在……里；to朝着。knock at the door“敲门”，介词用at。故选A。 6．句意：他拿着一杯牛奶。 glass玻璃杯；a glass一个杯子；glass of错误搭配；a glass of一杯的量。需表示“一杯牛奶”的量。故选D。 7．句意：你能猜到雪有多深吗？ how deep is the snow雪有多深，疑问语序；how deep the snow is雪有多深，陈述语序；how long will the snow last雪会持续多久，疑问语序；how long the snow will last雪会持续多久，陈述语序。根据“Can you guess”可知，空格处为宾语从句，宾语从句需用陈述语序；根据“up to your knees”可知询问雪的深度，用how deep。故选B。 8．句意：它几乎没到你膝盖了！ be是，原形；am是，主语为第一人称单数；is是，主语为第三人称单数；are是，主语为复数或第二人称。根据“It”可知，其为第三人称单数，时态为一般现在时，be动词用is。故选C。 9．句意：娜娜从床上跳起来，穿好衣服，冲到窗前看了看。 herself她自己；himself他自己；he他，人称代词主格；she她，人称代词主格。dress oneself“自己穿衣服”，Nana为女性，用反身代词herself。故选A。 10．句意：在吃饭的时候，她兴奋地和爸爸谈论要堆的雪人。 excited兴奋的，形容词，修饰人；excitedly兴奋地，副词；exciting令人兴奋的，形容词，修饰物；excitingly无此用法。修饰动词“talked”需用副词。故选B。 1 / 70 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 动词的时态和语态 目录 01 锚·课标要求 1 02 理·思维导图 2 03 盘·知识梳理 3 考点一 动词的时态 4 考点二 动词的语态 8 04 测·背诵检验 11 动词的时态是全国各地中考的高频考点。一直实中考的重、难点，而且新课标也提出时态的重要性。考查形式多样化，各种题型都有所涉及。尤其在单项选择语句设置多为两个单句，其语境设置灵活，大多没有明显的时间状语提示，需要分析另一语句的语境和时态来判断动作的先后顺序，淡化了古板的依赖时间状语提示来判定时态的考查方式。现在完成时为每年必考的时态，过去进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时为常考点。一般过去时为高频考点，一般现在时和现在进行时为轮考点。 语态问题是中考高频考点，考生在备考时应注意熟练掌握各种时态下的被动语态所表示的意义、其结构和相关的时间状语。解答此类题时，可根据具体语境、时间标志词、从句和主句的时态搭配、固定句型等判断出正确答案。 考点一 动词的时态 　　动词的时态表示谓语动词的动作或状态发生的时间和方式。英语中共有四种不同的时间（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）和四种不同的方式（一般、进行、完成、完成进行），任意一种时间和方式相组合就构成一种时态。英语中共有十六种动词的时态，考生只需掌握其中的6种动词的时态，即一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时。具体见下面表格： 1.一般现在时、一般过去时与一般将来时 时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 用法 ①表示事物或人物的特征、状态 ②表示经常性、习惯性的动作 ③表示客观事实、普遍真理 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态 标志词 always， usually， often， never， sometimes， every day等 yesterday， last night， two days ago， just now， in 2010， the other day等 tomorrow， next week， next year， in the future， in an hour等 谓语 形式 ①be 动词的三种形式（am， is， are） ②动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式 ①be 动词的过去式（was， were） ②动词的过去式 ①will＋动词原形 ②be going to＋动词原形 动词 变形 规则 动词变第三人称单数规则： ①一般情况下，直接在动词原形后加-s：see→sees ②以-s， -x， -ch， -sh， -o结尾的动词，在词尾加-es： watch→watches ③以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es： study→studies 动词变过去式规则： ①一般情况下，在词尾加-ed： cook→cooked ②以不发音的e 结尾的动词，在词尾加-d： live－lived ③以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed： plan－planned ④以“辅音字母＋y” 结尾的动词，先变y 为 i，再加-ed： carry－carried △不规则变化 —— 例句 She is thin. Tom goes to work every day. They usually draw after class. He was a student in 2010. Jack played tennis last night. We are going to have a wonderful school trip next week. 2. 现在进行时和过去进行时 时态 现在进行时 过去进行时 用法 表示现在、目前或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情 表示在过去某一时刻、某一段时间内或某个动作发生时正在进行的动作 标志词 （句） now， at the moment， look， listen， at present， these days， when/while引导的时间状语从句 at that time， at this time yesterday， at ten last night，at the time of the rainstorm，when/while引导的时间状语从句 谓语 形式 am/is/are ＋现在分词 was/were ＋现在分词 动词 变形 规则 动词变现在分词规则： ①直接在词尾加-ing： cook→cooking，play→playing ②以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，先去e，再加-ing： dance→dancing， hike→hiking 注意：若e发音，则不能去掉，如： see→seeing ③以重读闭音节结尾的动词且词尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ing： begin→beginning， cut→cutting， swim→swimming 易错单词：visit→visiting， listen→listening ④个别以-ie结尾的动词，先变ie为y，再加-ing： die→dying， lie→lying 例句 I am working now. She is doing her homework at the moment. I was working at that time. She was doing her homework at ten last night. 3. 现在完成时 时态 现在完成时 用法 强调过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，不强调动作发生的具体时间；也表示某一动作或状态从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，而且还有可能持续下去 标志词 （句） already， just， yet， ever， before， so far， up to now， until now， in the past ten years， “for＋时间段”， “since＋过去时间点/从句”等 谓语形式 have/has＋过去分词 动词变形规则 动词变过去分词的规则同变动词过去式的规则 例句 I have finished my homework. I’ve been at this school for over two years. 【拓展】延续性动词与非延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词 become be buy have leave be away borrow（听力常考） keep（听力常考） begin/start be on finish be over marry be married join be in fall ill be ill die be dead 　　现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在，与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词，非延续性动词不可与一段时间连用。如： 我离开北京已经五年了。 误： I’ve left Beijing for five years. 正： I’ve been away from Beijing for five years. 易混时态辨析 1.一般现在时态与现在进行时态 一般现在时态 现在进行时态 概念 表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，也表示主语具备的性格和能力，或陈述客观真理 表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作 构成 ①主语+be+其他 ②主语+实义动词+其他 ③主语+情态动词+动词原形+其他 主语+be (am，is，are)+v.-ing+其他 时间状语或标志词 always，usually，often，sometimes， every day/week/ month/ year..，on Sunday， in the morning等 now，right now，at the moment， today，these days，look，listen， It’s...o’clock.等 表示情感、意识（如want，like，know等）以及表示“有”的have等动词，一般不用于现在进行时，但可用于一般现在时 例：I walk to school every day. 我每天步行去上学。 My brother usually gets up at 6 o’clock 我弟弟通常在六点起床。 Alice doesn’t like playing soccer. 艾丽斯不喜欢踢足球。 The moon goes around the earth. 月球绕着地球转。 Tom is walking to school now. 汤姆现在正步行去学校。 My grandmother is exercising in the park 我姥姥正在公园里锻炼。 My brother is always working hard. 我哥哥一直学习很努力。 2.一般过去时与过去进行时 一般过去时侧重说明过去发生的动作的事实，往往已经完成。 过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，侧重强调动作的持续，一般还没有完成。 例1. They built a skyscraper. 他们建了一座摩天大楼。（已经完成） 例2. They were building a skyscraper.他们正在建一座摩天大楼。（没有完成） 例3. He took exercise after he got up.起床后他去锻炼身体了。 例4. He was taking exercise when he met Mr Smith.他在锻炼身体时碰到了史密斯先生。 3.一般过去时与现在完成时 ①侧重点不同 现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如： I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容） I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影） Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑） Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天） ②时间状语不同 现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如： She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。 She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。 He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。 考点二 动词的语态 1.被动语态的句型 句型 构成 例句 肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词( + by... ) English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。 否定句 主语 + be + not + 过去分词( + by…) English isn’ t spoken by people here. 这里的人不说英语。 一般疑问句 Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by...)? —Was Tom asked to come early? 汤姆被要求早点来吗? —Yes, he was. 是的，他被要求了。/No, he wasn’ t. 不，他没有。 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词(+by...)? Why was this bridge destroyed by the government? 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥? 2.被动语态的各种时态形式 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他 History is made by the people. 历史是人们创造的。 These books are designed for children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。 一般过去时 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他 The letter was written in English. 这封信是用英语写的。 The cars were made in Shanghai. 这些车是上海生产的。 一般将来时 主语 + will be + 过去分词 + 其他 Your job will be kept open for your return. 你的工作将保留到你回来。 When will the work be finished? 这项工作什么时候完成？ 现在进行时 主语+ am/is/am + being + 过去分词 +其他 A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。 Because my car is being repaired, I have to go to work by taxi. 因为我的车正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。 过去进行时 主语+ was/were + being + 过去分词+ 其他 The hall was being built last year. I’ m not sure if it is completed. 这个个大厅去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了没有。 The road was being widened when I passed by the village. 当我经过那个村庄时，道路正在加宽。 现在完成时 主语 +have/has been + 过去分词 + 其他 He has been sent to work in Shanghai. 他已经被派往上海工作了。 Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday? 运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗？ 过去完成时 主语 + had been + 过去分词 + 其他 The room had been broken into before we came. 我们来之前已经有人强行进过这间屋子。 A new hotel had been built when I got there. 我到那儿时，一座新旅馆已经建好了。 情态动词 主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 + 其他 Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天量两次。 If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受热，水会变成蒸气。 3.被动语态的用法 用法 例句 不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者 How is this word pronounced? 这个单词怎么发音？ The book was published in 2005. 这本书是2005年出版的。 强调动作的承受者 School will be opened in our village. 我们村将开办一所新的希望学校。 当动作的执行者是泛指时 He is suspected of robbing the bank. 有人怀疑他抢劫银行。 表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者 I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。 句法修饰的需要 The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young musician from Italy. 乔要做这个报告，他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。 有些动词习惯上常用被动语态 He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。 It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand. 据报道，他是来自新西兰的一位教授。 4.主动语态变被动语态 说明 例句 含有单个宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，并依据上表（被动语态的各种时态形式）谓语改为被动形式；如果需要说明动作的发出者，则需加上＂by + 主动句的主语（人称代词宾格）＂。 The famous professor gave two lectures in English. →Two lectures were given (by the famous professor) in English. 那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。 They often ask some questions after class. →Some questions are often asked (by them) after class. 他们经常在课后问一些问题。 含有双宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语＂：当直接宾语是名词或代词时，可将间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为被动的主语，而另一个保持不动。但是，当直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前应加上介词to或or。 The doctor gave me some good advice on the pronunciation. →I was given some good advice on the pronunciation. →Some good advice was given to me on the pronunciation. 老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。 含有复合宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 宾语 +宾语补足语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语，简称主补)。 We call him Li Hua. →He is called Li Hua. 我们叫他李华。 They painted the room white. →The room was painted white. 他们把房间刷成了白色。 【易错警示】 感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补，变为被动语态时，需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号to，即＂be seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made to do sth＂。 They saw her enter the meeting room just now. →She was seen to enter the meeting room just now. 刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。 含有动词短语（作谓语）的主动句：谓语为及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被动语态。 They take good care of these children. →These children are taken good care of. 他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。 We should make full use of the good chance. →The good chance should be made full use of. 我们应该充分利用这次好机会。 【易错警示】 动词短语用于被动语态时，把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。 5.主动形式表示被动意义 情况 例句 说明主语的性质、特征的动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：lock，open，read，sell，teach，wash，write等。 The cloth washes well. 这种布料很容易洗. A freshly baked cake doesn’ t cut easily. 刚烤好的蛋糕不容易切。 表示感官的连系动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：smell，feel，taste，sound等。 This piece of music sounds good. 这段音乐听起来不错。 Mooncakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很美味。 某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义，如：need，want，require，worth等。 The bike needs repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。 Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。 【知识拓展】 常见的被动形式表示主动意义的词组： be seated 坐着，就座 be hidden 躲藏 be lost 迷路 be drunk 喝醉 be dressed 穿着 【考点链接】 一、单项选择 1．—I haven’t seen your brother for a long time. Where is he? —He ______ in Beijing. He ______ there for three years. A．works; works B．works; has worked C．worked; worked D．worked; has worked 2．My father ______ to work by bike every day, but yesterday he ______ by bus because of the rain. A．goes; went B．goes; goes C．went; went D．went; goes 3．She ________ going out for a walk after dinner. A．enjoyed B．has enjoyed C．enjoys D．is enjoying 4．Shenzhou 20 crew ________ successfully in good physical condition on Nov. 14, 2025. A．have landed B．had landed C．landed D．lands 5．Xu Xiake more than 30 years travelling, mostly on foot, around China in the 17th century. A．spends B．spent C．has spent D．was spending 6．The number of the teachers in our school _________ bigger last term. A number of teachers _________ for over ten years now. A．grew, have worked B．grows, has worked C．grows, have worked D．grew, are working 7．If traditional craftsmen get better support, they ________ more beautiful works of art. A．will create B．have created C．are creating D．created 8．According to the weather report, there ________ a heavy rain in the next 24 hours. A．will have B．is going to be C．has D．was 9．—What exciting event will happen in our school next Monday? —There __________ a singing competition in our school. A．is going to have B．will have C．is going to be D．are going to be 10．—Why is the music room so noisy? —Some students ________ for the talent show there. A．practice B．practiced C．will practice D．are practicing 11．—Don’t make so much noise. Grandma ________. —OK, no problem. A．sleeps B．will sleep C．is sleeping D．was sleeping 12．—Look at the “Stop” sign. Some workers ________ the road. —Yes. We have to take another road. A．have repaired B．were repairing C．are repairing D．would repair 13．—Where is Grace? —I’m not sure. Maybe she ________ her baseball lesson. A．had B．was having C．is having D．will have 14．—Listen! What’s that noise? —Oh, the boys ________ the cows and they’re very excited. A．feed B．fed C．are feeding D．will feed 15．The new AI application ________ daily life by helping people with tasks like translation and information retrieval. A．changes B．changed C．is changing D．will change 16．The boy bumped into a young man when he ________ around the corner. A．walked B．was walking C．is walking D．walks 17．—Why didn’t you answer my call? —I ______ a shower at that time. A．take B．was taking C．took D．am taking 18．—Jiaozi, the director of the movie Ne Zha 2 ________ on cartoon movies since he graduated from university. —I admire him a lot. His success tells us that hard work will pay off in the end. A．has worked B．is working C．worked D．will work 19．—It has been ten years since we met each other for the first time. —How time flies! I can’t believe that we ________ friends for ten years. A．made B．have made C．have been D．are making 20．—Tom __________ the library and he __________ there for 10 minutes. —Oh, I will go there, too. A．have gone to, have been to B．has gone to, has been C．has gone to, has been in 21．Trees ______ every year to make our city more beautiful. A．plant B．planted C．are planted D．were planted 22．Mary ________ for her excellent drawing in the school art competition last week. A．praised B．was praised C．was praising D．has praised 23．—The graduation ceremony __________ on the afternoon of June 20th. —Good luck to you! A．will be held B．was held C．will held 24．Since the new rules were introduced, many complaints ________. A．is made B．was made C．have been made D．will be made 25．—Liangshan football team created a “dark horse legend” in the 2025 Sichuan Super League. —Yes, their players ________ widely during the competition. A．can’t be praised B．were praised C．will be praised 二、单词拼写 1．Looking at the only egg, his grandfather (说谎) to the boy that he had eaten one. 2．On the day of the Double Ninth Festival, people often (爬) hills with cornels, a kind of plant. 3．If you have a dream, do devote yourself to it and finally you will (成功). 4．The passengers are the train to arrive at the station. It’s already 10 minutes late. (等待) 5．The moon was through the window, and his face white as the moon. (照耀) 6．The national record for women’s 60-meter hurdles was (打破) by Wu Yanni in 2025. 7．Lily was (选择) to be the most excellent student of our school this term. 8．Don’t step on the grass, or you’ll be . (罚款) 9．Now China acts to improve people’s mental health and more services are (提供) for those in need. 10．Whoever breaks the laws will sooner or later be caught and will be (惩罚). 三、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 When I was in middle school, I hardly ever raised my hands to answer questions in class. And I found 1 my classmates were just like me. When the teacher asked a question, I always hid behind the textbook because I 2 afraid that the teacher would see me. One day, Mr Black gave us a lesson. He wanted us to be active in class, so he asked us some questions, but no one 3 . “At the beginning of the class, let me tell you a story,” he said. “When I went to the United States to study, the university often invited famous people 4 speeches. Before the beginning of every speech, I found an interesting thing. The students around me always took a piece of paper folded in half. Their names 5 in bold (黑体字) with the most eye-catching (引人注目的) color, and then placed the paper 6 the seat. So when the speaker needed answers from the students, he could see and call their names directly.” “My classmates told me 7 all top people, and they meant chances. When your answer was excellent, it meant they might give you 8 chances than before. In fact, I really saw a few students get great chances because of that.” After listening to 9 story, I understood that the chance will not find you itself. You must show 10 all the time so that you can find a chance and then catch it. 1．A．a lot B．a lots of C．lots of D．lot of 2．A．was B．were C．am D．are 3．A．will answer B．answered C．answers D．is answering 4．A．avoid B．to avoid C．make D．to make 5．A．write B．wrote C．were written D．are written 6．A．on B．of C．for D．against 7．A．that the speakers were B．that were the speakers C．what the speakers were D．what were the speakers 8．A．little B．less C．much D．more 9．A．/ B．a C．an D．the 10．A．you B．yourself C．your D．yours 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填写一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 My name is Dave. I 1 (invite) to join a city-level violin competition last month. And I won the 2 (two) prize finally. I started learning to play the violin when I was five. Since then, I 3 (play) the violin in public for several years. People sometimes ask me 4 I feel nervous. I can honestly say “I do not”. I feel quite sure 5 it and I know how to play it well. But that does not mean I never feel nervous. Last week, I 6 (take) part in an activity to collect money for children in poor areas. After it, I was asked to give 7 speech about it in our school. The day came at last. Though I 8 (plan) carefully, I was afraid I might forget my 9 (word). When my teacher came to see me an hour before the speech, I 10 (practice) it repeatedly in front of the mirror. When I finally stood up 11 (speak), my hands were shaking. And I could not hold my notes. Then my teacher encouraged me, “Come on, believe in 12 (you). I am sure you are the 13 (good).” I felt very relaxed on hearing this. In the end, the speech was very 14 (success). Everyone cheered loudly. It was such a wonderful feeling. I 15 (remember) this experience forever. It is so special to me. 【真题链接】 一、单项选择 1．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—Excuse me, may I use your ruler? I ________ mine. —Of course! Here you are. A．have lost B．will lose C．am losing 2．（2025·海南·中考真题）After graduation, we________ a new journey in life. A．start B．will start C．started 3．（2025·江苏镇江·中考真题）Our English teacher isn’t in the office now. She ________ the library. A．goes to B．has gone to C．will go to D．was going to 4．（2025·西藏·中考真题）I ________ some good friends since I came to this school. A．has made B．have made C．make D．made 5．（2025·江苏淮安·中考真题）—What will you do tomorrow? —I ________ the museum to learn about the local history. A．visit B．visited C．will visit D．are visiting 6．（2025·四川凉山·中考真题）—China is taking action to help people manage their weight and lead healthier lives. —Yes. The government ________ a three-year “Weight Management Year” program already. A．started B．has started C．will start 17．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）Thanks a million, Julie! If it ________, you will be my angel! A．works B．will work C．fails D．will fail 18．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）The therapy centre is on High Street and it ________ service for over 10 years. A．has started B．has been in C．has stopped D．has been out of 19．（2025·江苏常州·中考真题）Suzy ________ her bedroom at this time yesterday, so she didn’t go shopping. A．tidies B．tidied C．is tidying D．was tidying 20．（2025·江苏徐州·中考真题）Oh, you are growing so fast, Paul! Soon you ________ taller than your dad. A．are B．were C．have been D．will be 21．（2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Now the students in primary and junior high schools ______ a 15-minute break between classes. A．had B．will have C．have D．would have 22．（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）—Time for dinner, my girl. Please tell your father that dinner is ready. —Wait a minute, mum. My dad ________ a phone call. A．answered B．is answering C．will answer 23．（2025·四川广元·中考真题）—Amy recently won a prize from the Help Save Our Society. Can you guess ________? —It’s said that she built a house out of rubbish. A．what did she do B．what she did C．what does she do D．what she does 24．（2025·北京·中考真题）Many international students ________ to visit our school since last year. A．are coming B．have come C．came D．will come 25．（2025·北京·中考真题）—Peter, did you play table tennis with your friends after school yesterday? —No, I didn’t. We ________ vegetables in our school garden. A．water B．have watered C．watered D．are going to water 26．（2025·北京·中考真题）Charlie ________ his grandparents every weekend. He loves them very much. A．visits B．was visiting C．will visit D．has visited 27．（2025·北京·中考真题）Mary ________ a picture when her dad got home yesterday evening. A．draws B．was drawing C．is drawing D．will draw 28．（2025·吉林长春·中考真题）The movie Ne Zha 2 ________ with the public since it came out. A．has been popular B．is popular C．was popular D．will be popular 29．（2025·甘肃金昌·中考真题）—Cindy, my sunglasses are on the floor and they are broken. What happened? —Sorry, dear. I don’t know. I _________ in the kitchen then. A．cook B．was cooking C．have cooked D．will cook 30．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）When Li Lei came into the room, his friends ________ for his birthday party. A．prepared B．are preparing C．were preparing 31．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—Do you know that tea, one of the most popular drinks in the world, ________ by accident? —Really? It’s my favourite drink. A．was invented B．invented C．was inventing 32．（2025·海南·中考真题）The ceremony ________ in the school hall. A．held B．was held C．was holding 33．（2025·西藏·中考真题）More and more new technologies will ________ into our lives by scientists. A．bring B．brought C．be brought D．brings 34．（2025·四川凉山·中考真题）—We planted lots of trees on Tree Planting Day. —That’s quite meaningful. To have a greener world, more trees should ________ every year. A．plant B．be planted C．are planted 35．（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）When Tony ________ why he was late for school, he just kept silent. A．asks B．was asked C．will be asked 三、单词拼写 1．（2025·山东日照·中考真题）I (借) the book to Ted last week, but he hasn’t returned it yet. 2．（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）My grandma always prepares meals for me, so today I’m going to (烹饪) a meal for her. 3．（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）To sleep well at night, I usually (更喜欢) to read books to relax my mind before going to bed. 4．（2025·云南·中考真题）We will to stop water pollution near the lake tomorrow. (采取行动) 5．（2025·江苏苏州·中考真题）I have never (后悔) choosing to be kind, even when it was not easy. 6．（2025·江苏扬州·中考真题）Yangzhou in central Jiangsu Province. (位于) 7．（2025·四川广安·中考真题）Maybe books will be (代替) by the Internet in the future. 8．（2025·四川广安·中考真题）Wang Hui often (分享) traditional Chinese culture with Steve online. 9．（2025·山东泰安·中考真题）—What happened to you yesterday afternoon? —I (跌落) off the electric bicycle. Luckily, I wore a helmet and didn’t hurt my head. 三、语法选择 （2025·陕西·中考真题） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Nana looked out of the window. It was starting 1 . Soon, the ground turned white. She stood at the window and watched until it was getting dark outside. The trees and ground 2 by white snow. Nana felt happy and was thinking about snowmen. She loved making snowmen, and tomorrow she could wear her new 3 to make the first snowman of this winter with her dad. When Nana woke up the next morning, the sunshine 4 in through her bedroom window. Her dad was already up and dressed. He knocked 5 the door and came into her room with the smell of cold and fresh air clinging to (附着于) his coat. He had 6 milk in his hand. “Get up, sleepyhead,” he said with a smile. “Can you guess 7 ?” He winked (眨眼). Before Nana could give the answer, her father went on: “It 8 almost up to your knees!” Nana jumped out of her bed, dressed 9 , and rushed to the window for a look. Then she ran to the kitchen and sat down at the table. While eating, she talked with her father 10 about the snowman they would build. This year, they decided they would make the biggest snowman ever! 1．A．rain B．to rain C．snow D．to snow 2．A．cover B．covered C．are covered D．were covered 3．A．gloves B．glove C．glove’s D．gloves’ 4．A．is shining B．shines C．was shining D．will shine 5．A．at B．of C．in D．to 6．A．glass B．a glass C．glass of D．a glass of 7．A．how deep is the snow B．how deep the snow is C．how long will the snow last D．how long the snow will last 8．A．be B．am C．is D．are 9．A．herself B．himself C．he D．she 10．A．excited B．excitedly C．exciting D．excitingly 1 / 70 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $