第二部分 专题二 第1讲 动词和动词短语-【练客中考】2026年安徽新中考英语精讲册word（人教版）

该初中英语中考复习资料聚焦“动词”专题，覆盖动词五种基本形式、四类动词分类、实义动词词义辨析及动词短语等核心考点，对应中考单选、完形、单词拼写题型（每年必考5-14道）。通过“规则梳理-方法指导-真题实战”流程，如动词形式变化表归纳规则与特例，语境分析法指导词义辨析，帮助学生系统突破难点。 亮点在于“分类突破+真题导向”策略，动词短语按“同一动词/介词”分类记忆，结合《课标词汇记背》附录强化学习能力；设计21道单选（覆盖词义辨析、动词短语）和完形填空（语境中运用动词），通过“找关键词-析逻辑”训练思维品质。分层练习配合题量统计（如词义辨析每年4-10道），教师可精准把控复习重点，学生短期内提升语言运用能力。

专题二　动词 [考查题型：单项填空、完形填空、单词拼写] 第1讲　动词和动词短语 [必考：每年5～14道] 动词的五种基本形式 基本形式 变化规则 示例 动词原形 未经过任何变形，即词典中一般给出的形式 do，learn，run，play 第三人称 单数 一般在动词词尾直接加-s run→runs，think→thinks 以s，sh，ch，x或o结尾的动词末尾加-es pass→passes，wash→washes， teach→teaches，mix→mixes，go→goes 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，先将y变成i再加-es study→studies，carry→carries 不规则变化 be→is，have→has 过去式和 过去分词 (规则变化) 一般在动词词尾直接加-ed work→worked，play→played 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d invite→invited，promise→promised 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，先将y变为i，再加-ed carry→carried，study→studied 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写该辅音字母后加-ed stop→stopped，plan→planned 动词-ing 形式 一般在动词词尾直接加-ing read→reading，cook→cooking 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing live→living，write→writing 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写该辅音字母后加-ing sit→sitting，begin→beginning 少数几个以ie结尾的动词要先变ie为y，再加-ing(初中阶段共3个) die→dying，lie→lying，tie→tying 注意：动词的过去式、过去分词的不规则变化形式详见《课标词汇记背》P74“附录二 不规则动词表” 动词的分类及词义辨析[必考：每年 4～10道] 1.实义动词 实义动词指具有完整的意义，可以单独作谓语的动词，主要表示主语发出的动作或所处的状态。按能否直接接宾语，分为及物动词和不及物动词。 类别 用法 例句 及物动词 动词＋宾语 I love English. 动词＋宾语＋宾补 We call her Mary. 动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 May I ask you some questions？ 不及物动词 本身意思完整，无需接宾语 A traffic accident happened. 需加适当介词，后接宾语 The baby is smiling at us sweetly. 2.助动词 助动词本身没有意义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示否定、疑问、时态或其他语法形式，有人称、数和时态的变化。 类别 句法功能 例句 be(am/is/are)/ (was/were) 构成进行时 Jimmy is playing basketball with his friends. 构成被动语态 A lot of birds are protected in natural parks. do/does/did 构成疑问句和否定句 He didn’t go anywhere last Sunday. 构成否定祈使句 Don’t be noisy！ 在陈述句中，用在谓语动词前加强语气 My father did tell me that. 代替上文出现的动词 I don’t like eating noodles，but my brother does. 用于倒装句 Seldom does he come late. have/has/had 构成完成时 Tom has been a doctor for many years. will/shall/would 构成将来时 I will/shall arrive tomorrow. 3.系动词 系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，其后必须跟表语构成“系表结构”，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。 类别 示例 例句 “状态”类系动词 be My father is a teacher. “持续”类系动词 keep，stay，remain We should eat vegetables to keep healthy. “变化”类系动词 get，become，turn，go，grow， fall In spring，trees begin to turn green. “感官”类系动词 look，feel，sound，taste，smell The new cloth feels smooth and soft. “表象”类系动词 seem，appear You seem unhappy all day. 4.情态动词 词义不完整，不能单独作谓语，后接动词原形一起构成谓语，大多无人称和数的变化。常见的情态动词有：can/could，may/might，will/would，must，need，have to，should等。[详见本专题P101第2讲 情态动词] 5.实义动词词义辨析[必考：每年4～10道] 实义动词词义辨析主要是通过上下文考查其在语境中的辨析。 解答语境辨析类试题时，首先要确定每个动词的含义，然后分析语境，找出关键词或前后存在的逻辑关系，确定答案。因此考生在平时的学习过程中，需要重点积累并掌握实义动词的词义及用法。 动词短语[必考：每年1～3道] 1.同一动词型： 如：come短语，get短语，give短语，go短语，keep短语等。 2.同一介词/副词型： 如：at短语，about短语，away短语，off短语，over短语等。 3.混合型 更多动词短语详见《课标词汇记背》P80“类别一 动词短语”。 Ⅰ.单项填空 1.—In my opinion，　B　 with others can make us upset. —I totally agree. We should pay more attention to our own growth. A.arguing　B.comparing　C.sharing　D.dealing 2.—Ms Li，how can I share my favorite book with my friends？ —You can 　D　 its main idea to them clearly. A.understand B.search C.record D.introduce 3.—Dr. Martins seems to know every plant in the Amazon Rainforest. —Of course. No one can 　B　 him in his knowledge of wild plants. A.shake B.match C.hurt D.raise 4.—I don’t know where to go this summer vacation. —Why not 　B　 visiting Huangshan？If you go，you can climb mountains and enjoy beautiful sights. A.regard B.consider C.include D.count 5.A good way to 　D　 old school things is to send them to a recycling center. A.break B.keep C.forget D.treat 6.—Chinese try to gather together on important festivals，no matter how far away they are. —Yeah，we highly 　B　 the strong family ties. A.master B.value C.suppose D.follow 7.—Although she was feeling down，she 　C　 a weak smile. —She was always caring about others’ feelings. A.noticed B.received C.managed D.suggested 8.—Dad，I want to focus on the study of AI in the university. —Oh，my boy. You know I always 　B　 your own choices. A.make B.respect C.order D.refuse 9.—This history project is so big. I don’t know how to make it. —Just 　C　 it and finish one small part each time. A.leave B.change C.divide D.accept 10.—Su Min，why is there always a bat in New Year paintings？ —In Chinese，the word for bat sounds like “fu”，so it 　C　 good luck in China. A.prepares B.realizes C.means D.collects 11.—Why does Emma always answer questions in class？ —She knows the answers，but she isn’t 　A　.She just wants to learn more. A.showing off B.calling on C.giving up D.taking away 12.—What should we do during the fire practice？ —When the alarm 　B　，we should run out of the teaching building at once. A.comes after　　　　　　　 B.goes off C.turns in D.takes on 13.—We should learn to control our screen time. —Totally agree. Never let smartphones 　A　 our lives. A.take over B.get off C.come out D.give in 14.—The new term has started，but I took three days off and missed classes. —Come to the study corner after school！With some effort，you can 　A　 and keep moving forward. A.catch up B.go after C.turn up D.look after 15.—A balanced diet is very important for losing weight. —That’s right. I always 　A　 high fat food and eat more fruit and vegetables instead. A.keep off B.put away C.come about D.get into 16.Think of one to five goals you’d like to set in each term. Then 　D　 each goal into smaller steps and work your hardest with each step. A.take away B.turn on C.put off D.break down 17.As we 　B　 on our new journey，we shouldn’t forget where we come from. A.put out B.set out C.come down D.get in 18.—Why were there so many people in the school hall just now？ —The robotics club 　D　 a science experiment. It’s mind-blowing. A.fixed up B.got on C.came round D.carried out 19.It’s brave of you to 　B　 your fear of heights and reach the mountain top with courage. A.come into B.get over C.focus on D.give back 20.As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain，the visit to the village 　A　 scenes of my childhood. A.called up B.came up C.went away D.kept away 21.—Don’t 　A　 the new word in the dictionary if we meet it in a text. We can guess it. —Sure. It’s a good way to improve our reading skills. A.look up B.turn off C.give away D.cut into 22.—The energy from the sun and the wind costs little and will never 　C　. —That’s why we have a lot of wind power generation systems. A.come in B.get to C.run out D.go on 23.—Every student is expected to 　D　 a sporting activity for a healthy life. —I couldn’t agree more. Health matters a lot. A.come across B.deal with C.pull together D.take up 24.—Reading is helpful to get knowledge. —We should 　B　 useful ideas from books and stop accepting information without thinking. A.get out B.take in C.look over D.go across 25.—What do you think is important for the players on a team？ —It’s to play together and 　C　 the best in each other. A.go against B.keep on C.bring out D.look through 26.—How was your trip to the countryside yesterday？ —It was fantastic. My friends and I 　C　 a tent at the foot of a green mountain. A.burnt off B.passed on C.put up D.took after 27.—Our teacher asked us to 　A　 a poem about our school. —I think it’s easy for you. You are always good at writing. A.make up B.put into C.take down D.run away 28.—Many teenagers share creative short videos online now. —Yes，digital platforms 　D　 their confidence to express themselves. A.take on B.check out C.go through D.build up 29.—Look！What an amazing sunrise over there！ —Yeah！The lines of the mountains 　C　 clearly against the sky. A.turn in B.break into C.show up D.take off 30.—Every year，at least 16 million tons of plastic 　D　 in the sea. —That’s unbelievable. We really need to use less plastic in our daily life. A.die down B.give off C.pass away D.end up 31.—How are you feeling about the coming training？ —I’m very nervous，but I believe I will 　D　 the training and welcome a new self. A.think about B.break out C.set down D.get through 32.—Doctor，my temperature is normal now.Can I go to school？ —Sure. But if you don’t feel well，you can 　B　 me again. A.look down B.turn to C.care for D.set about 33.Learning some basic life skills is helpful because we can not always 　A　 other people. A.depend on B.turn down C.point at D.wake up 34.—I don’t want to 　A　 my old classmates. —You can still communicate with them after going to a new school. A.part with B.clear out C.stand for D.call in 35.—I want to join the school science club，but I’m worried about my study. —You needn’t 　D　 fun activities. Just plan your time well. A.break through B.set off C.look for D.cut out 36.—Sam，how do you like your classmate Jack？ —He is very helpful and he often helps our teachers 　A　 exam papers. A.give out B.throw away C.turn around D.put down 37.—Your brother’s room looks pretty tidy. —Sure. He always 　B　 his things after he uses them. A.keeps out B.puts away C.goes by D.looks down 38.My school decided to 　C　 a reading club to help students develop the habit of reading. A.get on B.go with C.set up D.keep away 39.—Your bag is so heavy. Please 　C　 some unnecessary things. —Sorry. Everything in the bag is important to me. A.look into B.keep up C.take out D.pay off Ⅱ.完形填空 外文素材改编自Kid’s Box Aaron has a special interest in recording weather changes by taking photos. Of all the different weather conditions，he 40.　likes　 snowy days best. So he often takes photos of beautiful snow. Besides，he also 41.　records　 other natural phenomena(现象) by taking photos. In 2018，he posted some pictures of lightning online and received a lot of praise. However，it isn’t usually 42.　easy　 to take these amazing pictures. Every time，Aaron needs to find a place where the weather might often change. He doesn’t want to 43.　give up　 though it is very difficult to find such a place every time. In order to take good photos，he often puts himself in danger of being 44.　hit　 by strong winds and heavy rain. However，one thing changed his mind. Once when Aaron was taking photos of a thunderstorm，he saw farmers doing farm work 45.　busily　 and watching the storm nervously. He immediately realized he should 46.　care about　 people and their crops(庄稼) rather than terrible weather. The situation seemed to 47.　lead　 him to a better direction. So he decided to do something and hoped it would 48.　help　 people. Now，Aaron has learned to make short videos. He makes them to tell people about the dangers of those storms and what they should do to 49.　protect　 themselves. For Aaron，what he is doing now is more meaningful. (　A　)40.A.likes 　　　　　　B.misses C.knows D.waits (　C　)41.A.introduces B.researches C.records D.chooses (　A　)42.A.easy B.different C.beautiful D.fresh (　D　)43.A.turn out B.show off C.look for D.give up (　C　)44.A.shaken B.lost C.hit D.dug (　B　)45.A.suddenly B.busily C.kindly D.fairly (　B　)46.A.call out B.care about C.listen to D.look over (　C　)47.A.return　 B.serve　 C.lead　 D.part (　D　)48.A.feed B.hide C.cheat D.help (　A　)49.A.protect B.teach C.develop D.push 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $