内容正文:
第03讲 下册Unit 3 A help hand(寒假预习讲义)
内容导航——预习三步曲
第一步:学
析教材 学知识:教材精讲精析、全方位预习
练习题 讲典例:教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法
练考点 强知识:核心考点精准练
第二步:记
串知识 识框架:思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握
第三步:测
过关测 稳提升:小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升
1. Could you please give me a hand?(你能帮我一下吗?)
【解析】“Could you please + 动词原形?”是委婉请求他人帮忙的固定句型,语气比“Can you ...?”更礼貌得体。
① 基本用法:后接动词原形,表“你能做某事吗?”。
Could you please pass the book?(你能把书递给我吗?)
② 肯定回答:常用“Sure!”“Of course!”“Certainly!”“It would be my pleasure.”。
— Could you please help me clean the room?(你能帮我打扫房间吗?)
— Sure!(当然可以!)
③ 否定回答:常用“I’m sorry, but ...”委婉拒绝。
— Could you please lend me your pen?(你能借我笔吗?)
— I’m sorry, but I only have one.(抱歉,我只有一支。)
【常用搭配】give sb. a hand = help sb.(帮助某人),是口语中高频表达。
【易错点】Could you please 后接动词原形,不可接不定式(如 Could you please to help 错误);“give a hand”后接人需加介词 to(如 give a hand to him 正确,give a hand him 错误)。
【记忆提示】请求帮忙用“Could you please + 动原”,礼貌客气人人夸,“give sb. a hand”表帮忙,口语表达更自然。
2. I’m happy to help you out.(我很乐意帮你解决困难。)
【解析】“”是固定短语,表“帮助某人解决困难、摆脱困境”,侧重帮人处理棘手问题。
① 基本用法:sb. 为人称代词时需用宾格。
My friend helped me out when I lost my way.(我迷路时,朋友帮我解了围。)
② 同义表达:help sb. solve the problem(帮某人解决问题)。
【拓展】help 的常见搭配还有“help sb. (to) do sth.”(帮某人做某事)、“help sb. with sth.”(在某方面帮助某人)。
She helped me (to) learn English.(她帮我学英语。)
He helped me with my homework.(他帮我辅导作业。)
【易错点】区分“help sb. out”“help sb. (to) do sth.”“help sb. with sth.”的用法,避免混淆搭配;help 后接不定式作宾语补足语时,to 可省可不省。
【记忆提示】“help sb. out”解困境,“help (to) do”做某事,“help with”加名词,三种搭配要记实。
3. Don’t give up your hopes.(不要放弃你的希望。)
【解析】“give up”是固定短语,表“放弃”,后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
① 基本用法:
He gave up smoking last year.(他去年戒烟了。)
Never give up your dreams.(永远不要放弃你的梦想。)
② 代词作宾语时,需放在 give 和 up 之间(如 give it up 正确,give up it 错误)。
This task is hard, but don’t give it up.(这个任务很难,但别放弃。)
【拓展】give 相关高频短语:give in(屈服)、give back(归还)、give away(赠送)。
【易错点】give up 后接动名词,不可接不定式(如 give up to study 错误);代词作宾语需放中间,名词作宾语可前可后(give up the plan = give the plan up)。
【记忆提示】“give up”表放弃,动名词跟后面,代词放中间,相关短语要区分。
4. Let’s go and cheer him up.(我们去让他振作起来吧。)
【解析】“cheer sb. up”是固定短语,表“使某人振作起来、使某人高兴起来”,侧重安抚情绪低落的人。
① 基本用法:sb. 为人称代词时需用宾格,且放中间。
She tried to cheer the sad boy up.(她努力让那个伤心的男孩振作起来。)
② 同义表达:make sb. happy(让某人开心)、lift sb.’s spirits(鼓舞某人的士气)。
【拓展】cheer 的其他搭配:cheer for sb.(为某人加油)。
We cheered for our team loudly.(我们为我们的队伍大声加油。)
【易错点】cheer sb. up 中,代词必须放中间(如 cheer him up 正确,cheer up him 错误);不可遗漏 up(如 cheer him 错误,缺少 up 则无“振作”含义)。
【记忆提示】“cheer sb. up”振精神,代词放中间记准,“cheer for sb.”为加油,语境不同用法分。
5. Can you help me work out this maths problem?(你能帮我解这道数学题吗?)
【解析】“work out”是多义短语,此处表“解决、算出”,后接名词或代词作宾语。
① 基本用法:
I can’t work out the answer.(我算不出答案。)
They worked out a plan to solve the problem.(他们制定出了解决问题的计划。)
② 代词作宾语时,需放在 work 和 out 之间。
This problem is difficult. Can you work it out?(这道题很难,你能解出来吗?)
【拓展】work out 还可表“锻炼身体”“进展顺利”。
He works out in the gym every morning.(他每天早上在健身房锻炼。)
Everything worked out well.(一切进展顺利。)
【易错点】work out 后接代词需放中间,不可说 work out it;表“解决”时,不可与 solve 混淆搭配(solve the problem 正确,solve out the problem 错误)。
【记忆提示】“work out”解难题、算答案,代词放中间,还有“锻炼、进展”义,结合语境来判断。
6. She broke out in a cold sweat.(她出了一身冷汗。)
【解析】“break out in a cold sweat”是固定短语,表“出一身冷汗”,常用于描述紧张、害怕或生病时的状态。
① 基本用法:break 的过去式为 broke,过去分词为 broken,需特殊记忆。
He broke out in a cold sweat when he heard the bad news.(听到坏消息时,他出了一身冷汗。)
【拓展】break out 单独使用表“(战争、疾病、火灾等)爆发”。
A fire broke out in the building last night.(昨晚那栋楼发生了火灾。)
【易错点】break 是不规则动词,过去式和过去分词需牢记(break → broke → broken),不可写成 breaked;“break out in a cold sweat”为固定表达,不可遗漏 in。
【记忆提示】“break out”表爆发,“break out in a cold sweat”出冷汗,break 变形要记牢,不规则变化别搞错。
7. Tom was shocked, but he took a few deep breaths to calm himself down.(汤姆很震惊,但他深呼吸让自己冷静下来。)
【解析】(1)“calm oneself down”是固定短语,表“使自己冷静下来”,oneself 需根据主语人称对应变化(如 calm herself down、calm themselves down)。
He calmed himself down before making a decision.(他做决定前先冷静了一下。)
(2)句子为并列复合句,用 but 连接两个转折关系的分句,but 表“但是”。
【拓展】calm 的形容词形式为 calm(冷静的),表“某人冷静”用“sb. is calm”。
She is always calm in danger.(她在危险中总是很冷静。)
【易错点】calm oneself down 中,oneself 不可省略(如 calm down 可单独使用,但接宾语时需加 oneself);but 连接并列分句时,前后时态需一致(本句均为过去时)。
【记忆提示】“calm oneself down”稳情绪,人称对应要注意,but 表转折,连接分句时态齐。
8. Mrs Bell lived alone, so there was nobody around.(贝尔夫人独自居住,所以周围没有人。)
【解析】(1)“so”是并列连词,表“所以、因此”,用于连接两个因果关系的分句,前因后果。
It rained heavily, so we stayed at home.(雨下得很大,所以我们待在了家里。)
(2)“live alone”表“独自居住”,alone 为副词,修饰动词 live,表“单独、独自”。
【拓展】alone 与 lonely 的区别:alone 侧重“独自一人”,无感情色彩;lonely 侧重“孤独的、寂寞的”,带感情色彩。
He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely.(他独自居住,但不觉得孤独。)
【易错点】so 不可与 because 同时使用(如 Because it was late, so we went home 错误,需去掉其一);alone 是副词,不可作定语修饰名词(如 an alone boy 错误,应为 a lonely boy)。
【记忆提示】so 表结果,前因后果要明确,不可与 because 同出现;alone 表“独自”,lonely 表“孤独”,词性含义要区分。
9. We should help people in need.(我们应该帮助有需要的人。)
【解析】“in need”是固定短语,表“有需要的、处于困境中的”,常作后置定语修饰名词。
① 基本用法:
She often helps the elderly in need.(她经常帮助有需要的老人。)
② 拓展搭配:in need of sth.(需要某物)。
The poor family is in need of food and clothes.(这个贫困家庭需要食物和衣服。)
【易错点】in need 作定语时需后置,不可前置(如 in need people 错误,应为 people in need);in need of 后接名词,不可接动词(如 in need of help 正确,in need of help sb. 错误)。
【记忆提示】“in need”表“有需要”,后置定语来修饰,“in need of”加名词,帮助他人常用它。
10. Teenagers visited people in need to help them rebuild confidence.(青少年看望有需要的人,帮助他们重建信心。)
【解析】(1)“rebuild”是动词,由“前缀 re- + build”构成,表“重建、重新建立”,re- 前缀常表“再次、重新”。
They rebuilt the school after the earthquake.(地震后他们重建了学校。)
(2)“build confidence”表“建立信心”,confidence 为不可数名词。
【拓展】含 re- 前缀的常见词:reuse(重复使用)、return(返回)、review(复习)、rewrite(重写)。
【易错点】rebuild 的过去式和过去分词为 rebuilt(规则变化),不可写成 rebuiled;confidence 是不可数名词,不可加 s(如 confidences 错误)。
【记忆提示】re- 前缀表“重新”,rebuild 就是“重建”,confidence 不可数,“build confidence”建信心。
11. It’s our duty to help others.(帮助别人是我们的责任。)
【解析】“It’s one’s duty to do sth.”是固定句型,It 为形式主语,真正主语是后面的不定式 to do sth.,表“做某事是某人的责任”。
① 基本用法:
It’s our duty to protect the environment.(保护环境是我们的责任。)
② 同义表达:It’s one’s responsibility to do sth.(更正式)。
【易错点】句型中 It 不可替换为 That 或 This;one’s 需用形容词性物主代词(如 my、our、your)或名词所有格(如 Tom’s)。
【记忆提示】“It’s one’s duty to do”,形式主语 It 在前,真正主语不定式,“责任”义务记心间。
12. Look! The man over there dropped his wallet. Let’s pick it up and return it.(看!那边的男士掉了钱包,我们捡起来还给她吧。)
【解析】(1)“pick up”是固定短语,表“捡起、拾起”,后接名词或代词作宾语。
① 名词作宾语时,可放在 pick 和 up 之间或后面(pick up the wallet = pick the wallet up)。
② 代词作宾语时,必须放在 pick 和 up 之间(如 pick it up 正确,pick up it 错误)。
(2)“return”表“归还、返回”,作“归还”讲时可接双宾语(return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb.)。
He returned me the book. = He returned the book to me.(他把书还给了我。)
【易错点】pick up 接代词需放中间,不可混淆位置;return 作“归还”讲时,不可与 back 连用(如 return back the book 错误,back 多余)。
【记忆提示】“pick up”捡东西,代词放中间,名词前后均可;“return”表归还,“return sth. to sb.”记牢,back 多余别加上。
13. This maths problem is so hard that I can’t work it out.(这道数学题太难了,我解不出来。)
【解析】“so ... that ...”是固定结构,引导结果状语从句,表“如此……以至于……”。
① 基本结构:so + 形容词/副词 + that + 从句。
The movie is so interesting that I watched it twice.(这部电影太有趣了,我看了两遍。)
She runs so fast that no one can catch up with her.(她跑得太快了,没人能追上她。)
② 否定形式可转换为“too ... to ...”结构(太……而不能……)。
This problem is too hard for me to work out.(这道题对我来说太难了,解不出来。)
【易错点】so 后接形容词或副词,不可接名词(如 so a difficult problem 错误,应为 such a difficult problem);that 引导的从句需为完整句子。
【记忆提示】“so + 形/副 + that”,如此……以至于,否定转换“too ... to”,用法灵活记心里。
14. She broke her leg, so she couldn’t walk.(她摔断了腿,所以不能走路了。)
【解析】句子为并列复合句,用 so 连接两个因果关系的分句,前半句表原因,后半句表结果。
① 基本用法:so 前后分句时态需一致(本句均为过去时)。
He didn’t study hard, so he failed the exam.(他学习不努力,所以考试不及格。)
【拓展】并列连词 and(表并列)、but(表转折)、so(表因果)的区别:
- and:连接同类或顺承的内容。
I got up late and missed the bus.(我起晚了,错过了公交车。)
- but:连接转折的内容。
He is young but he knows a lot.(他年纪小,但懂得多。)
- so:连接因果的内容。
It was cold, so I put on a coat.(天气冷,所以我穿了外套。)
【易错点】so 不可与 because 同时使用;and、but、so 连接并列分句时,前半句不可加逗号(如 I like coffee, and she likes tea 错误,需去掉逗号)。
【记忆提示】and 并列 but 转折,so 表因果,连词用法要记好,分句之间无逗号。
15. I have received help from my classmates recently.(我最近收到了同学们的帮助。)
【解析】(1)“have received”是现在完成时,结构为“have/has + 过去分词”,表过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响(此处指“现在仍受益于帮助”)。
I have finished my homework.(我已经做完作业了。)
(2)“recently”是副词,表“最近、近来”,常与现在完成时连用。
【拓展】现在完成时的时间标志词还有 already、yet、ever、never、for、since 等。
【易错点】现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:现在完成时强调对现在的影响,不接具体过去时间;一般过去时强调过去的动作,接具体过去时间(如 I received help yesterday 正确,I have received help yesterday 错误)。
【记忆提示】现在完成时,have/has 加过分,recently 常相伴,强调现在的影响。
16. How did you feel when you helped him out?(你帮他摆脱困境时感觉怎么样?)
【解析】(1)句子为 when 引导的时间状语从句,主句用一般过去时,从句也用一般过去时,表“过去某个动作发生时,另一个动作也在发生或发生了”。
When I arrived home, my mother was cooking.(我到家时,妈妈正在做饭。)
(2)“feel”是系动词,后接形容词作表语(如 happy、glad、tired)。
【易错点】when 引导时间状语从句时,时态需呼应;feel 是不规则动词,过去式为 felt,不可写成 feeled;feel 后接形容词,不可接副词(如 feel happily 错误,应为 feel happy)。
【记忆提示】when 引导时间句,时态一致要牢记,feel 过去式是 felt,系动词后接形容词。
17. We should offer our help to those in need.(我们应该向有需要的人提供帮助。)
【解析】“offer sth. to sb.”是固定搭配,表“向某人提供某物”,也可表达为“offer sb. sth.”。
① 基本用法:
She offered a cup of tea to me. = She offered me a cup of tea.(她给我端了一杯茶。)
② 拓展搭配:offer to do sth.(主动提出做某事)。
He offered to help me with my English.(他主动提出帮我学英语。)
【易错点】offer 后接双宾语时,“offer sb. sth.”和“offer sth. to sb.”均可,但不可说 offer sth. for sb.;offer to do sth. 后接动词原形,不可接动名词(如 offer helping 错误)。
【记忆提示】“offer sb. sth.”“offer sth. to sb.”,向某人提供某物,“offer to do”主动做,搭配正确不出错。
18. Thank you for your help.(谢谢你的帮助。)
【解析】“Thank you for + 名词/动名词”是表达感谢的固定句型,表“因某事/做某事感谢你”。
① 基本用法:
Thank you for your gift.(谢谢你的礼物。)
Thank you for helping me.(谢谢你帮我。)
② 同义表达:Thanks for ...(更口语化)。
Thanks for your advice.(谢谢你的建议。)
【拓展】回应感谢的常用表达:You’re welcome.(不客气。)、My pleasure.(我的荣幸。)、It’s my pleasure.(乐意效劳。)、Not at all.(不客气。)。
【易错点】for 是介词,后接动词时需用动名词(如 Thank you for help 错误,应为 Thank you for helping 或 Thank you for your help)。
【记忆提示】感谢用“Thank you for + 名/动名”,回应感谢有多种,You’re welcome 最常用。
19. I’m grateful to have kind people like you around me.(我很感激身边有你这样善良的人。)
【解析】“be grateful to do sth.”是固定搭配,表“感激做某事”,grateful 意为“感激的、感谢的”,与 thankful 同义。
① 基本用法:
I’m grateful to receive your invitation.(收到你的邀请,我很感激。)
② 拓展搭配:be grateful to sb. for sth.(因某事感激某人)。
She is grateful to her teacher for helping her.(她感激老师帮助她。)
【易错点】grateful 后接不定式需加 to(如 grateful receive 错误,应为 grateful to receive);grateful 与 thankful 用法基本一致,可互换。
【记忆提示】“be grateful to do”“be grateful to sb. for sth.”,感激表达要规范,同义 thankful 可替换。
20. If we help others, we will feel happy.(如果我们帮助别人,我们会感到快乐。)
【解析】这是 if 引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,即从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。
① 基本结构:If + 主语 + 一般现在时,主语 + will + 动词原形。
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.(如果明天下雨,我们就去徒步旅行。)
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.(如果你努力学习,你会通过考试。)
② 主句也可使用情态动词(can、may、should 等)。
If you finish your homework, you can watch TV.(如果你做完作业,你可以看电视。)
【易错点】if 从句中不可用 will 表将来(如 If we will help 错误);主句将来时结构为“will + 动原”,不可遗漏 will。
【记忆提示】if 条件句,“主将从现”是核心,从句现在时,主句将来或情态。
21. He is always ready to help others.(他总是乐于助人。)
【解析】“be ready to do sth.”是固定短语,表“愿意做某事、准备好做某事”。
① 基本用法:
She is always ready to help her classmates.(她总是愿意帮助同学。)
I’m ready to start the work.(我准备好开始工作了。)
② 拓展搭配:be ready for sth.(为某事做好准备)。
We are ready for the exam.(我们为考试做好了准备。)
【易错点】be ready to 后接动词原形,不可接名词(如 be ready for help 正确,be ready to help 正确,但 be ready to help sth. 错误)。
【记忆提示】“be ready to do”愿做某事,“be ready for sth.”备好事,乐于助人用前者,固定搭配记心里。
22. The firefighters soon put out the fire.(消防员很快扑灭了火。)
【解析】“put out”是固定短语,表“扑灭、熄灭”,后接名词或代词作宾语。
① 基本用法:
Please put out the candle before you leave.(离开前请把蜡烛熄灭。)
② 代词作宾语时,需放在 put 和 out 之间。
The fire is big, but they put it out quickly.(火很大,但他们很快扑灭了。)
【拓展】put 相关高频短语:put on(穿上)、put off(推迟)、put away(收好)、put up(举起、张贴)。
【易错点】put out 接代词需放中间;put 的过去式和过去分词均为 put,不规则变化需牢记(put → put → put)。
【记忆提示】“put out”灭火焰,代词放中间,put 变形不变样,相关短语要区分。
23. We need to make a proposal for helping someone in need.(我们需要为帮助有需要的人制定一份提议。)
【解析】(1)“need to do sth.”是固定搭配,表“需要做某事”,need 此处为实义动词。
He needs to finish his homework first.(他需要先完成作业。)
② 拓展:need 作情态动词时,后接动词原形,否定式为 needn’t(不必)。
Need I go now?(我现在必须走吗?)
No, you needn’t.(不,不必。)
(2)“make a proposal for sth.”表“为某事制定提议”,proposal 为名词,表“提议、建议”。
【易错点】need 作实义动词时,有人称和数的变化(如 he needs),后接不定式;作情态动词时,无人称变化,后接动原;“make a proposal for”后接名词或动名词(如 make a proposal for helping 正确)。
【记忆提示】need 有两词性,实义“need to do”,情态“need + 动原”,“make a proposal for”,制定提议为某事。
24. She nodded and thanked me for my help.(她点了点头,感谢我的帮助。)
【解析】(1)“nod”是动词,表“点头”,过去式和过去分词为 nodded(规则变化,双写末尾字母 d 加 ed)。
He nodded his head in agreement.(他点头表示同意。)
(2)句子为并列句,用 and 连接两个顺承的动作(nodded 和 thanked),时态均为过去时。
【易错点】nod 的过去式和过去分词需双写 d 加 ed(如 nod → nodded,不可写成 nodde);and 连接并列动词时,时态需一致。
【记忆提示】nod 点头双写 d,过去式是 nodded,and 连接两动作,时态一致要注意。
25. Helping others is a kind of happiness.(帮助别人是一种快乐。)
【解析】“Helping others”是动名词短语作主语,表“帮助别人”,动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
① 基本用法:
Reading is my hobby.(阅读是我的爱好。)
Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有益。)
② 同义表达:It is a kind of happiness to help others.(用 it 作形式主语,不定式作真正主语)。
【易错点】动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数(如 Helping others are 错误,应为 Helping others is);“a kind of”表“一种”,后接名词单数。
【记忆提示】动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数,“帮助别人是快乐”,同义句型可转换。
You can choose to i 14 the troubles in the world or you can do something about it. In 2015, when I was eleven, I had the opportunity to meet Lamp for Haiti’s co-founder, Dr. James Morgan, who has worked to help people in one of the poorest parts of Haiti, Cité Soleil. Lamp for Haiti p 15 basic health care treatment for the people in Cité Soleil with e 16 doctors that give examinations, treatments and medicine.
I wanted to find a way to help support this cause. To do this, I came up with and planned a fundraiser based on one of my favourite a 17 — basketball. I love playing and watching basketball and know other people do, too. The first Hoops for Haiti, which is a 3-on-3 basketball tournament (锦标赛), took place in 2016 in Montclair, NJ. Then, I organized a second a tournament in 2017. In total, we’ve raised over $10,000 and brought together dozens of players and lots of sponsors.
This year, I’m hoping we raise at least $6,000 — and you can help r 18 this goal. So please, consider donating to Hoops for Haiti to help support thousands of people in one of the poorest countries of the world. If you would like to help fund Hoops for Haiti, you can participate in the 3-on-3 tournament on May 12, or you can donate money on the Lamp for Haiti website. Together we can make a d 19 , so please consider donating to Hoops for Haiti.
考点1:help sb. Out
My computer doesn't work. Can you help me ________?
A. out B. up C. with D. to
考点2:give up
Smoking is bad for your health. You should ________ it ________.
A. give; up B. give; in C. give; out D. give; away
考点3:cheer sb. up
Little Tom is sad because he failed the exam. Let's go to ________.
A. call him up B. cheer him up C. wake him up D. give him up
考点4:work out
It is not easy to ________ this math problem.
A. work on B. work at C. work out D. work for
考点5:calm oneself down
Don't be angry. You need to ________ and think carefully.
A. calm down B. sit down C. write down D. put down
考点6:It’s one’s duty to do sth.
It is our duty ________ the environment.
A. protect B. to protect C. protecting D. protected
考点7:so ... that ...
The movie is ________ interesting ________ I want to see it again.
A. too; to B. such; that C. so; that D. enough; to
考点8:现在完成时
—Where is your father?
—He ________ to Shanghai. He will be back in two days.
A. has gone B. has been C. goes D. went
考点9:when 引导的时间状语从句
I was watching TV ________ my mother came back home.
A. when B. while C. if D. since
考点10:need to do sth.
You look tired. You ________ to have a good rest.
A. need B. needn't C. don't need D. needed
知识导图记忆
重点单词
18 / 18
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1.名词
emergency:紧急情况;突发事件
kindness:仁慈;善良
librarian:图书馆馆长;图书管理员
shelf:架子;搁板
wallet:钱包
key:钥匙
contest:比赛;竞赛
ambulance:救护车
pill:药丸;药片
aid:帮助;援助
operator:电话员;接线员
fault:责任;过错
gratitude:感激;感谢
proposal:提议;建议
signal:信号;暗号
courage:勇气
request:要求;请求
2. 动词(Verbs)
help:帮助;协助
cheer:欢呼;使高兴
pick:捡起;拾起
work:解决;算出
give:给予;提供
hold:握住;持有
lend:借出;借给
borrow:借入;借用
donate:捐赠;捐献
volunteer:自愿做;志愿
rebuild:重建;重组
prevent:阻止;阻碍
calm:使平静;使镇静
shock:使震惊;使惊愕
nod:点头
regret:感到遗憾;懊悔
3. 形容词(Adjectives)
elderly:上了年纪的
lost:不知所措的;迷路的
thankful:感谢的;感激的
grateful:感激的;表示感谢的
sudden:突然的;忽然的
pale:灰白的;苍白的
kind:善良的;友好的
helpful:有帮助的;有用的
lucky:幸运的
proper:正确的;恰当的
4. 副词(Adverbs)
suddenly:突然;忽然
quickly:迅速地;很快地
clearly:清楚地;清晰地
properly:正确地;适当地
nearly:几乎;差不多
immediately:立刻;马上
sincerely:真诚地
5. 介词/连词/代词等(Prepositions/Conjunctions/Pronouns)
among:在……当中
against:反对;违反
and:和;并且(并列连词)
but:但是;然而(转折连词)
so:所以;因此(因果连词)
himself:他自己;亲自(反身代词)
nobody:没有人;无人(不定代词)
with:和;用(介词)
重点单词变形
help(v./n. 帮助)→ helpful(adj. 有帮助的)→ helplessly(adv. 无助地)→ helpless(adj. 无助的)→ helpfulness(n. 乐于助人)
kind(adj. 善良的)→ kindness(n. 仁慈;善良)→ kindly(adv. 亲切地;仁慈地)
thank(v. 感谢)→ thankful(adj. 感谢的)→ thanks(n. 感谢)→ thankfully(adv. 感激地)
grate(v. 感激)→ grateful(adj. 感激的)→ gratitude(n. 感激)→ gratefully(adv. 感激地)
sudden(adj. 突然的)→ suddenly(adv. 突然)
calm(adj./v. 平静的/使平静)→ calmly(adv. 平静地)→ calmness(n. 平静)
build(v. 建造)→ rebuild(v. 重建)→ building(n. 建筑物)→ builder(n. 建造者)
prevent(v. 阻止)→ prevention(n. 预防;阻止)→ preventive(adj. 预防的)
volunteer(v. 自愿)→ volunteer(n. 志愿者)→ voluntary(adj. 自愿的)
donate(v. 捐赠)→ donation(n. 捐赠物)→ donor(n. 捐赠者)
重点短语
1. 动词短语(Verb Phrases)
help out:帮助摆脱困境
cheer up:使高兴;使振奋
pick up:捡起;拾起
work out:解决;算出
give up:放弃;戒除
hold on:坚持;等一等
lend a hand:伸出援手;帮忙
borrow sth. from sb.:向某人借某物
donate sth. to sb./sth.:向某人/某物捐赠某物
volunteer to do sth.:自愿做某事
rebuild confidence:重建信心
prevent ... from ...:阻止……做……
calm down:平静下来;冷静下来
give first aid:实施急救
nod one's head:点头
regret doing sth.:后悔做过某事
ask for help:请求帮助
offer help:提供帮助
2. 介词短语(Prepositional Phrases)
in need:在困难中;需要帮助的
as usual:像往常一样;照例
at once:马上;立刻
among friends:在朋友之间
against the rules:违反规则
for the elderly:为老年人
with kindness:带着善意
in danger:处于危险中
3. 固定搭配与习惯用语(Fixed Collocations & Idioms)
give sb. a hand:帮某人一把
keep calm:保持冷静
break out in a cold sweat:出一身冷汗
look through:浏览;查看
check out:(从图书馆等)借出
be thankful to sb.:对某人心存感激
be grateful for sth.:因某事而感激
every little bit counts:一点一滴都很重要
a rainbow in someone's cloud:为他人的困境带来希望
stay in touch:保持联系
make a difference:产生影响
in person:亲自;当面
一、单项选择
1.—Could you help me sweep the floor, Linda? I’m going to cook dinner.
—________ I’ll do it at once, Mom.
A.With pleasure. B.My pleasure. C.You’re welcome. D.Sure, go ahead.
2.John taught ________ how to solve the puzzle by carefully studying the instructions.
A.he B.him C.his D.himself
3.—Could you please give me a hand?
—________
A.I have no idea how to do it. B.Sure. It would be my pleasure.
C.I’ll try later if I have time. D.I don’t understand what you mean.
4.—Thanks for helping me!
—________.
A.My pleasure B.You are right C.Bye D.All right
5.The news was so ________ that everyone was extremely ________, without considering if it was confirmed.
A.shocked; shocked B.shock; shocked C.shocking; shocked D.shock; shocking
6.Grandpa, ______, gets up early today. He is used to getting up at 6 o’clock.
A.such as B.as usual C.in addition D.what’s more
7.Each group is required to ________ the report and share opinions with the class.
A.prevent B.present C.request D.recommend
8.We are glad that our class won the basketball game ________.
A.at once B.in person C.in the end D.in addition
9.The number of blue whales on the Earth __________ recently. Something must be done to save them.
A.drops B.has dropped C.have dropped D.dropped
10.The forest fire ________ all of a sudden, causing widespread damage.
A.checked out B.turned down C.broke out D.broke down
11.After they talked about it for five hours, they ________ agree to my plan.
A.greatly B.finally C.suddenly D.actually
12.The sooner you start, the_________ you will finish your task.
A.quickly B.more quickly C.quick D.quicker
13.________ is perfect, but we can work hard to be a better person.
A.Anybody B.Everybody C.Everyone D.Nobody
14.My grandfather often ________ old photos in a rocking chair.
A.looks through B.looks for C.looks out D.looks after
15.My mother often helps me with my homework, ________ she also helps me learn about the world.
A.and B.but C.so D.or
二、单词拼写
16. , the screen went blank. (sudden)
17.We should be to our parents and teachers for their great care and love. (gratitude)
18.They did everything possible to save his life. However, before the a arrived, he had already passed away.
19.I feel to my English teacher for her great patience. (thank)
20.Does Alice work as a school ? (library)
21.The government helped the people in the earthquake to their houses. (build)
22.It is important to keep calm in an . (emergent)
23.I have been to Beijing . (one)
24.The act of from the stranger warmed my heart on the cold winter day. (kind)
25.After wandering around for hours, he realized he was in the city.(lose)
26.The train arrived as and the passengers boarded without any delay. (usually)
27.She was for the opportunity to experience a new culture. (grate)
28.The teacher talked so that everyone could follow. (clear)
29.I feel t for my friend’s help when I was sick last week.
30.The story teaches us that small acts of k can change someone’s day.
三、完成句子
31.the case, and, called, reported, Tom, the emergency number (连词成句)
.
32.Uncle Wang dropped his wallet in the park yesterday. (改为一般疑问句)
Uncle Wang his wallet in the park yesterday?
33.arrived, first aid, the doctor, when, at once, the ambulance, gave him (连词成句)
34.Mrs Bell, the ambulance, When, at once, two doctors, arrived, gave, first aid, “,” (连词成句)
.
35.may, check out, to, you, book, show, student card, the, your (连词成句)
36.Lucy expresses herself more clearly than Lily.(保持句意基本不变)
Lily
37.He promised to come to the party. He didn’t show up. (两句合并成一句)
.
38.The firefighters saved the family from the burning building immediately.(保持句意不变)
The firefighters saved the family from the burning building .
39.We have a helpful friend in our class.(改为感叹句)
helpful friend we have in our class!
40.We need more time to finish the project.(改为一般疑问句)
you more time to finish the project?
41.Some people enjoy reading books in their spare time.(改为反意疑问句)
Some people enjoy reading books in their spare time, ?
42.The international group set up a website to tell people how they can donate money.(改为简单句)
The international group set up a website to tell people how money.
43.The news shocks the audience as nobody has thought of the weak team’s final victory.(保持句意基本不变)
The news the audience as nobody has thought of the weak team’s final victory.
44.He checked out five books at a time to finish the essay.(改为一般疑问句)
he out five books at a time to finish the essay?
45.水在我们的日常生活中起着非常重要的作用。
Water plays a very important role in our life.
$第03讲 下册Unit 3 A help hand(寒假预习讲义)
内容导航——预习三步曲
第一步:学
析教材 学知识:教材精讲精析、全方位预习
练习题 讲典例:教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法
练考点 强知识:核心考点精准练
第二步:记
串知识 识框架:思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握
第三步:测
过关测 稳提升:小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升
1. Could you please give me a hand?(你能帮我一下吗?)
【解析】“Could you please + 动词原形?”是委婉请求他人帮忙的固定句型,语气比“Can you ...?”更礼貌得体。
① 基本用法:后接动词原形,表“你能做某事吗?”。
Could you please pass the book?(你能把书递给我吗?)
② 肯定回答:常用“Sure!”“Of course!”“Certainly!”“It would be my pleasure.”。
— Could you please help me clean the room?(你能帮我打扫房间吗?)
— Sure!(当然可以!)
③ 否定回答:常用“I’m sorry, but ...”委婉拒绝。
— Could you please lend me your pen?(你能借我笔吗?)
— I’m sorry, but I only have one.(抱歉,我只有一支。)
【常用搭配】give sb. a hand = help sb.(帮助某人),是口语中高频表达。
【易错点】Could you please 后接动词原形,不可接不定式(如 Could you please to help 错误);“give a hand”后接人需加介词 to(如 give a hand to him 正确,give a hand him 错误)。
【记忆提示】请求帮忙用“Could you please + 动原”,礼貌客气人人夸,“give sb. a hand”表帮忙,口语表达更自然。
2. I’m happy to help you out.(我很乐意帮你解决困难。)
【解析】“”是固定短语,表“帮助某人解决困难、摆脱困境”,侧重帮人处理棘手问题。
① 基本用法:sb. 为人称代词时需用宾格。
My friend helped me out when I lost my way.(我迷路时,朋友帮我解了围。)
② 同义表达:help sb. solve the problem(帮某人解决问题)。
【拓展】help 的常见搭配还有“help sb. (to) do sth.”(帮某人做某事)、“help sb. with sth.”(在某方面帮助某人)。
She helped me (to) learn English.(她帮我学英语。)
He helped me with my homework.(他帮我辅导作业。)
【易错点】区分“help sb. out”“help sb. (to) do sth.”“help sb. with sth.”的用法,避免混淆搭配;help 后接不定式作宾语补足语时,to 可省可不省。
【记忆提示】“help sb. out”解困境,“help (to) do”做某事,“help with”加名词,三种搭配要记实。
3. Don’t give up your hopes.(不要放弃你的希望。)
【解析】“give up”是固定短语,表“放弃”,后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
① 基本用法:
He gave up smoking last year.(他去年戒烟了。)
Never give up your dreams.(永远不要放弃你的梦想。)
② 代词作宾语时,需放在 give 和 up 之间(如 give it up 正确,give up it 错误)。
This task is hard, but don’t give it up.(这个任务很难,但别放弃。)
【拓展】give 相关高频短语:give in(屈服)、give back(归还)、give away(赠送)。
【易错点】give up 后接动名词,不可接不定式(如 give up to study 错误);代词作宾语需放中间,名词作宾语可前可后(give up the plan = give the plan up)。
【记忆提示】“give up”表放弃,动名词跟后面,代词放中间,相关短语要区分。
4. Let’s go and cheer him up.(我们去让他振作起来吧。)
【解析】“cheer sb. up”是固定短语,表“使某人振作起来、使某人高兴起来”,侧重安抚情绪低落的人。
① 基本用法:sb. 为人称代词时需用宾格,且放中间。
She tried to cheer the sad boy up.(她努力让那个伤心的男孩振作起来。)
② 同义表达:make sb. happy(让某人开心)、lift sb.’s spirits(鼓舞某人的士气)。
【拓展】cheer 的其他搭配:cheer for sb.(为某人加油)。
We cheered for our team loudly.(我们为我们的队伍大声加油。)
【易错点】cheer sb. up 中,代词必须放中间(如 cheer him up 正确,cheer up him 错误);不可遗漏 up(如 cheer him 错误,缺少 up 则无“振作”含义)。
【记忆提示】“cheer sb. up”振精神,代词放中间记准,“cheer for sb.”为加油,语境不同用法分。
5. Can you help me work out this maths problem?(你能帮我解这道数学题吗?)
【解析】“work out”是多义短语,此处表“解决、算出”,后接名词或代词作宾语。
① 基本用法:
I can’t work out the answer.(我算不出答案。)
They worked out a plan to solve the problem.(他们制定出了解决问题的计划。)
② 代词作宾语时,需放在 work 和 out 之间。
This problem is difficult. Can you work it out?(这道题很难,你能解出来吗?)
【拓展】work out 还可表“锻炼身体”“进展顺利”。
He works out in the gym every morning.(他每天早上在健身房锻炼。)
Everything worked out well.(一切进展顺利。)
【易错点】work out 后接代词需放中间,不可说 work out it;表“解决”时,不可与 solve 混淆搭配(solve the problem 正确,solve out the problem 错误)。
【记忆提示】“work out”解难题、算答案,代词放中间,还有“锻炼、进展”义,结合语境来判断。
6. She broke out in a cold sweat.(她出了一身冷汗。)
【解析】“break out in a cold sweat”是固定短语,表“出一身冷汗”,常用于描述紧张、害怕或生病时的状态。
① 基本用法:break 的过去式为 broke,过去分词为 broken,需特殊记忆。
He broke out in a cold sweat when he heard the bad news.(听到坏消息时,他出了一身冷汗。)
【拓展】break out 单独使用表“(战争、疾病、火灾等)爆发”。
A fire broke out in the building last night.(昨晚那栋楼发生了火灾。)
【易错点】break 是不规则动词,过去式和过去分词需牢记(break → broke → broken),不可写成 breaked;“break out in a cold sweat”为固定表达,不可遗漏 in。
【记忆提示】“break out”表爆发,“break out in a cold sweat”出冷汗,break 变形要记牢,不规则变化别搞错。
7. Tom was shocked, but he took a few deep breaths to calm himself down.(汤姆很震惊,但他深呼吸让自己冷静下来。)
【解析】(1)“calm oneself down”是固定短语,表“使自己冷静下来”,oneself 需根据主语人称对应变化(如 calm herself down、calm themselves down)。
He calmed himself down before making a decision.(他做决定前先冷静了一下。)
(2)句子为并列复合句,用 but 连接两个转折关系的分句,but 表“但是”。
【拓展】calm 的形容词形式为 calm(冷静的),表“某人冷静”用“sb. is calm”。
She is always calm in danger.(她在危险中总是很冷静。)
【易错点】calm oneself down 中,oneself 不可省略(如 calm down 可单独使用,但接宾语时需加 oneself);but 连接并列分句时,前后时态需一致(本句均为过去时)。
【记忆提示】“calm oneself down”稳情绪,人称对应要注意,but 表转折,连接分句时态齐。
8. Mrs Bell lived alone, so there was nobody around.(贝尔夫人独自居住,所以周围没有人。)
【解析】(1)“so”是并列连词,表“所以、因此”,用于连接两个因果关系的分句,前因后果。
It rained heavily, so we stayed at home.(雨下得很大,所以我们待在了家里。)
(2)“live alone”表“独自居住”,alone 为副词,修饰动词 live,表“单独、独自”。
【拓展】alone 与 lonely 的区别:alone 侧重“独自一人”,无感情色彩;lonely 侧重“孤独的、寂寞的”,带感情色彩。
He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely.(他独自居住,但不觉得孤独。)
【易错点】so 不可与 because 同时使用(如 Because it was late, so we went home 错误,需去掉其一);alone 是副词,不可作定语修饰名词(如 an alone boy 错误,应为 a lonely boy)。
【记忆提示】so 表结果,前因后果要明确,不可与 because 同出现;alone 表“独自”,lonely 表“孤独”,词性含义要区分。
9. We should help people in need.(我们应该帮助有需要的人。)
【解析】“in need”是固定短语,表“有需要的、处于困境中的”,常作后置定语修饰名词。
① 基本用法:
She often helps the elderly in need.(她经常帮助有需要的老人。)
② 拓展搭配:in need of sth.(需要某物)。
The poor family is in need of food and clothes.(这个贫困家庭需要食物和衣服。)
【易错点】in need 作定语时需后置,不可前置(如 in need people 错误,应为 people in need);in need of 后接名词,不可接动词(如 in need of help 正确,in need of help sb. 错误)。
【记忆提示】“in need”表“有需要”,后置定语来修饰,“in need of”加名词,帮助他人常用它。
10. Teenagers visited people in need to help them rebuild confidence.(青少年看望有需要的人,帮助他们重建信心。)
【解析】(1)“rebuild”是动词,由“前缀 re- + build”构成,表“重建、重新建立”,re- 前缀常表“再次、重新”。
They rebuilt the school after the earthquake.(地震后他们重建了学校。)
(2)“build confidence”表“建立信心”,confidence 为不可数名词。
【拓展】含 re- 前缀的常见词:reuse(重复使用)、return(返回)、review(复习)、rewrite(重写)。
【易错点】rebuild 的过去式和过去分词为 rebuilt(规则变化),不可写成 rebuiled;confidence 是不可数名词,不可加 s(如 confidences 错误)。
【记忆提示】re- 前缀表“重新”,rebuild 就是“重建”,confidence 不可数,“build confidence”建信心。
11. It’s our duty to help others.(帮助别人是我们的责任。)
【解析】“It’s one’s duty to do sth.”是固定句型,It 为形式主语,真正主语是后面的不定式 to do sth.,表“做某事是某人的责任”。
① 基本用法:
It’s our duty to protect the environment.(保护环境是我们的责任。)
② 同义表达:It’s one’s responsibility to do sth.(更正式)。
【易错点】句型中 It 不可替换为 That 或 This;one’s 需用形容词性物主代词(如 my、our、your)或名词所有格(如 Tom’s)。
【记忆提示】“It’s one’s duty to do”,形式主语 It 在前,真正主语不定式,“责任”义务记心间。
12. Look! The man over there dropped his wallet. Let’s pick it up and return it.(看!那边的男士掉了钱包,我们捡起来还给她吧。)
【解析】(1)“pick up”是固定短语,表“捡起、拾起”,后接名词或代词作宾语。
① 名词作宾语时,可放在 pick 和 up 之间或后面(pick up the wallet = pick the wallet up)。
② 代词作宾语时,必须放在 pick 和 up 之间(如 pick it up 正确,pick up it 错误)。
(2)“return”表“归还、返回”,作“归还”讲时可接双宾语(return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb.)。
He returned me the book. = He returned the book to me.(他把书还给了我。)
【易错点】pick up 接代词需放中间,不可混淆位置;return 作“归还”讲时,不可与 back 连用(如 return back the book 错误,back 多余)。
【记忆提示】“pick up”捡东西,代词放中间,名词前后均可;“return”表归还,“return sth. to sb.”记牢,back 多余别加上。
13. This maths problem is so hard that I can’t work it out.(这道数学题太难了,我解不出来。)
【解析】“so ... that ...”是固定结构,引导结果状语从句,表“如此……以至于……”。
① 基本结构:so + 形容词/副词 + that + 从句。
The movie is so interesting that I watched it twice.(这部电影太有趣了,我看了两遍。)
She runs so fast that no one can catch up with her.(她跑得太快了,没人能追上她。)
② 否定形式可转换为“too ... to ...”结构(太……而不能……)。
This problem is too hard for me to work out.(这道题对我来说太难了,解不出来。)
【易错点】so 后接形容词或副词,不可接名词(如 so a difficult problem 错误,应为 such a difficult problem);that 引导的从句需为完整句子。
【记忆提示】“so + 形/副 + that”,如此……以至于,否定转换“too ... to”,用法灵活记心里。
14. She broke her leg, so she couldn’t walk.(她摔断了腿,所以不能走路了。)
【解析】句子为并列复合句,用 so 连接两个因果关系的分句,前半句表原因,后半句表结果。
① 基本用法:so 前后分句时态需一致(本句均为过去时)。
He didn’t study hard, so he failed the exam.(他学习不努力,所以考试不及格。)
【拓展】并列连词 and(表并列)、but(表转折)、so(表因果)的区别:
- and:连接同类或顺承的内容。
I got up late and missed the bus.(我起晚了,错过了公交车。)
- but:连接转折的内容。
He is young but he knows a lot.(他年纪小,但懂得多。)
- so:连接因果的内容。
It was cold, so I put on a coat.(天气冷,所以我穿了外套。)
【易错点】so 不可与 because 同时使用;and、but、so 连接并列分句时,前半句不可加逗号(如 I like coffee, and she likes tea 错误,需去掉逗号)。
【记忆提示】and 并列 but 转折,so 表因果,连词用法要记好,分句之间无逗号。
15. I have received help from my classmates recently.(我最近收到了同学们的帮助。)
【解析】(1)“have received”是现在完成时,结构为“have/has + 过去分词”,表过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响(此处指“现在仍受益于帮助”)。
I have finished my homework.(我已经做完作业了。)
(2)“recently”是副词,表“最近、近来”,常与现在完成时连用。
【拓展】现在完成时的时间标志词还有 already、yet、ever、never、for、since 等。
【易错点】现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:现在完成时强调对现在的影响,不接具体过去时间;一般过去时强调过去的动作,接具体过去时间(如 I received help yesterday 正确,I have received help yesterday 错误)。
【记忆提示】现在完成时,have/has 加过分,recently 常相伴,强调现在的影响。
16. How did you feel when you helped him out?(你帮他摆脱困境时感觉怎么样?)
【解析】(1)句子为 when 引导的时间状语从句,主句用一般过去时,从句也用一般过去时,表“过去某个动作发生时,另一个动作也在发生或发生了”。
When I arrived home, my mother was cooking.(我到家时,妈妈正在做饭。)
(2)“feel”是系动词,后接形容词作表语(如 happy、glad、tired)。
【易错点】when 引导时间状语从句时,时态需呼应;feel 是不规则动词,过去式为 felt,不可写成 feeled;feel 后接形容词,不可接副词(如 feel happily 错误,应为 feel happy)。
【记忆提示】when 引导时间句,时态一致要牢记,feel 过去式是 felt,系动词后接形容词。
17. We should offer our help to those in need.(我们应该向有需要的人提供帮助。)
【解析】“offer sth. to sb.”是固定搭配,表“向某人提供某物”,也可表达为“offer sb. sth.”。
① 基本用法:
She offered a cup of tea to me. = She offered me a cup of tea.(她给我端了一杯茶。)
② 拓展搭配:offer to do sth.(主动提出做某事)。
He offered to help me with my English.(他主动提出帮我学英语。)
【易错点】offer 后接双宾语时,“offer sb. sth.”和“offer sth. to sb.”均可,但不可说 offer sth. for sb.;offer to do sth. 后接动词原形,不可接动名词(如 offer helping 错误)。
【记忆提示】“offer sb. sth.”“offer sth. to sb.”,向某人提供某物,“offer to do”主动做,搭配正确不出错。
18. Thank you for your help.(谢谢你的帮助。)
【解析】“Thank you for + 名词/动名词”是表达感谢的固定句型,表“因某事/做某事感谢你”。
① 基本用法:
Thank you for your gift.(谢谢你的礼物。)
Thank you for helping me.(谢谢你帮我。)
② 同义表达:Thanks for ...(更口语化)。
Thanks for your advice.(谢谢你的建议。)
【拓展】回应感谢的常用表达:You’re welcome.(不客气。)、My pleasure.(我的荣幸。)、It’s my pleasure.(乐意效劳。)、Not at all.(不客气。)。
【易错点】for 是介词,后接动词时需用动名词(如 Thank you for help 错误,应为 Thank you for helping 或 Thank you for your help)。
【记忆提示】感谢用“Thank you for + 名/动名”,回应感谢有多种,You’re welcome 最常用。
19. I’m grateful to have kind people like you around me.(我很感激身边有你这样善良的人。)
【解析】“be grateful to do sth.”是固定搭配,表“感激做某事”,grateful 意为“感激的、感谢的”,与 thankful 同义。
① 基本用法:
I’m grateful to receive your invitation.(收到你的邀请,我很感激。)
② 拓展搭配:be grateful to sb. for sth.(因某事感激某人)。
She is grateful to her teacher for helping her.(她感激老师帮助她。)
【易错点】grateful 后接不定式需加 to(如 grateful receive 错误,应为 grateful to receive);grateful 与 thankful 用法基本一致,可互换。
【记忆提示】“be grateful to do”“be grateful to sb. for sth.”,感激表达要规范,同义 thankful 可替换。
20. If we help others, we will feel happy.(如果我们帮助别人,我们会感到快乐。)
【解析】这是 if 引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,即从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。
① 基本结构:If + 主语 + 一般现在时,主语 + will + 动词原形。
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.(如果明天下雨,我们就去徒步旅行。)
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.(如果你努力学习,你会通过考试。)
② 主句也可使用情态动词(can、may、should 等)。
If you finish your homework, you can watch TV.(如果你做完作业,你可以看电视。)
【易错点】if 从句中不可用 will 表将来(如 If we will help 错误);主句将来时结构为“will + 动原”,不可遗漏 will。
【记忆提示】if 条件句,“主将从现”是核心,从句现在时,主句将来或情态。
21. He is always ready to help others.(他总是乐于助人。)
【解析】“be ready to do sth.”是固定短语,表“愿意做某事、准备好做某事”。
① 基本用法:
She is always ready to help her classmates.(她总是愿意帮助同学。)
I’m ready to start the work.(我准备好开始工作了。)
② 拓展搭配:be ready for sth.(为某事做好准备)。
We are ready for the exam.(我们为考试做好了准备。)
【易错点】be ready to 后接动词原形,不可接名词(如 be ready for help 正确,be ready to help 正确,但 be ready to help sth. 错误)。
【记忆提示】“be ready to do”愿做某事,“be ready for sth.”备好事,乐于助人用前者,固定搭配记心里。
22. The firefighters soon put out the fire.(消防员很快扑灭了火。)
【解析】“put out”是固定短语,表“扑灭、熄灭”,后接名词或代词作宾语。
① 基本用法:
Please put out the candle before you leave.(离开前请把蜡烛熄灭。)
② 代词作宾语时,需放在 put 和 out 之间。
The fire is big, but they put it out quickly.(火很大,但他们很快扑灭了。)
【拓展】put 相关高频短语:put on(穿上)、put off(推迟)、put away(收好)、put up(举起、张贴)。
【易错点】put out 接代词需放中间;put 的过去式和过去分词均为 put,不规则变化需牢记(put → put → put)。
【记忆提示】“put out”灭火焰,代词放中间,put 变形不变样,相关短语要区分。
23. We need to make a proposal for helping someone in need.(我们需要为帮助有需要的人制定一份提议。)
【解析】(1)“need to do sth.”是固定搭配,表“需要做某事”,need 此处为实义动词。
He needs to finish his homework first.(他需要先完成作业。)
② 拓展:need 作情态动词时,后接动词原形,否定式为 needn’t(不必)。
Need I go now?(我现在必须走吗?)
No, you needn’t.(不,不必。)
(2)“make a proposal for sth.”表“为某事制定提议”,proposal 为名词,表“提议、建议”。
【易错点】need 作实义动词时,有人称和数的变化(如 he needs),后接不定式;作情态动词时,无人称变化,后接动原;“make a proposal for”后接名词或动名词(如 make a proposal for helping 正确)。
【记忆提示】need 有两词性,实义“need to do”,情态“need + 动原”,“make a proposal for”,制定提议为某事。
24. She nodded and thanked me for my help.(她点了点头,感谢我的帮助。)
【解析】(1)“nod”是动词,表“点头”,过去式和过去分词为 nodded(规则变化,双写末尾字母 d 加 ed)。
He nodded his head in agreement.(他点头表示同意。)
(2)句子为并列句,用 and 连接两个顺承的动作(nodded 和 thanked),时态均为过去时。
【易错点】nod 的过去式和过去分词需双写 d 加 ed(如 nod → nodded,不可写成 nodde);and 连接并列动词时,时态需一致。
【记忆提示】nod 点头双写 d,过去式是 nodded,and 连接两动作,时态一致要注意。
25. Helping others is a kind of happiness.(帮助别人是一种快乐。)
【解析】“Helping others”是动名词短语作主语,表“帮助别人”,动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
① 基本用法:
Reading is my hobby.(阅读是我的爱好。)
Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有益。)
② 同义表达:It is a kind of happiness to help others.(用 it 作形式主语,不定式作真正主语)。
【易错点】动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数(如 Helping others are 错误,应为 Helping others is);“a kind of”表“一种”,后接名词单数。
【记忆提示】动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数,“帮助别人是快乐”,同义句型可转换。
You can choose to i 14 the troubles in the world or you can do something about it. In 2015, when I was eleven, I had the opportunity to meet Lamp for Haiti’s co-founder, Dr. James Morgan, who has worked to help people in one of the poorest parts of Haiti, Cité Soleil. Lamp for Haiti p 15 basic health care treatment for the people in Cité Soleil with e 16 doctors that give examinations, treatments and medicine.
I wanted to find a way to help support this cause. To do this, I came up with and planned a fundraiser based on one of my favourite a 17 — basketball. I love playing and watching basketball and know other people do, too. The first Hoops for Haiti, which is a 3-on-3 basketball tournament (锦标赛), took place in 2016 in Montclair, NJ. Then, I organized a second a tournament in 2017. In total, we’ve raised over $10,000 and brought together dozens of players and lots of sponsors.
This year, I’m hoping we raise at least $6,000 — and you can help r 18 this goal. So please, consider donating to Hoops for Haiti to help support thousands of people in one of the poorest countries of the world. If you would like to help fund Hoops for Haiti, you can participate in the 3-on-3 tournament on May 12, or you can donate money on the Lamp for Haiti website. Together we can make a d 19 , so please consider donating to Hoops for Haiti.
【答案】1.(a)fford 2.(a)ges 3.(l)end 4.(s)pare 5.(o)ff 6.(w)ait
【答案】14.(i)gnore 15.(p)rovides 16.(e)xperienced 17.(a)ctivities 18.(r)each 19.(d)ifference
【审题方法】第一步:通读全文,理清脉络 (Skim for Context)
方法: 快速阅读,了解故事的起因、经过和结果。
起因: 作者在11岁时了解到海地的贫困状况及Lamp for Haiti组织的医疗援助工作。
经过: 作者利用自己对篮球的热爱,发起了3对3篮球锦标赛(Hoops for Haiti)来筹款。
结果: 已经筹集了一万多美元,今年希望筹集更多,并呼吁读者捐款或参加。
作用: 明确文章基调是“公益、帮助、行动”,这有助于判断动词的褒贬色彩(如 help, support, raise 等)。
第二步:分析语法结构,锁定词性 (Analyze Grammar)
方法: 观察空格前后的词,利用语法规则确定词性。
第三步:利用固定搭配与逻辑对比 (Use Collocations & Contrast)
方法: 注意文中的固定短语和反义词线索。
第四步:复读检查 (Review)
方法: 代入答案通读。
【导语】本文主要介绍了作者发起的为“海地篮球”的筹款活动,呼吁人们捐款助力以帮助海地贫困民众。
14.句意:你可以选择忽视世界上的麻烦事,或者你可以对此做点什么。根据“You can choose to…the troubles in the world or you can do something about it.”及首字母提示可知,这里是两种相反的选择,ignore表示“忽视”,与“do something about it”形成对比,符合语境。故填(i)gnore。
15.句意:“海地之光”组织为太阳城的人们提供基本的医疗保健服务,有经验丰富的医生进行检查、治疗并提供药物。provide sth. for sb.是固定搭配,意为“为某人提供某物”,这里表示“海地之光”为当地人们提供医疗服务,本句时态是一般现在时,主语是Lamp for Haitiprovides,此处应填provide的单三形式provides,故填(p)rovides。
16.句意:“海地之光” 组织为太阳城的人们提供基本的医疗保健服务,有经验丰富的医生进行检查、治疗并提供药物。根据“with…doctors that give examinations, treatments and medicine”及首字母提示可知,此处是说这些医生是有经验的,experienced表示 “有经验的”,用来修饰“doctors”。故填(e)xperienced。
17.句意:为了做到这一点,我想出并策划了一个基于我最喜欢的活动之一 ——篮球的筹款活动。根据“one of my favourite…—basketball.”及首字母提示可知,此处是指“我最喜欢的活动之一,activity 意为“活动”,此处应用复数形式activities,故填(a)ctivities。
18.句意:今年,我希望我们至少筹集到 6000 美元——而你可以帮助实现这个目标。reach the goal是固定搭配,意为“实现目标”,reach符合语境。故填(r)each。
19.句意:我们一起可以有所作为,所以请考虑为“海地篮球”活动捐款。make a difference是固定短语,意为“有影响;起作用;有所作为”,这里表示通过大家的努力和捐款,可以为海地的人们带来改变,产生积极的影响,difference符合语境。故填(d)ifference。
考点1:help sb. Out
My computer doesn't work. Can you help me ________?
A. out B. up C. with D. to
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查固定短语help sb. out(帮助某人摆脱困境/解决难题)。根据语境“电脑坏了”,需要解决具体难题,故选A。Bhelp up 意为“扶起某人”;Chelp with 后必须接名词(help sb. with sth.),本题空格后无名词,结构不完整;Dhelp to 后需接动词原形,不能单独结尾。
考点2:give up
Smoking is bad for your health. You should ________ it ________.
A. give; up B. give; in C. give; out D. give; away
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查give up(放弃)的用法,当宾语是代词it 时,必须放在中间。语境建议“戒掉”吸烟,故选A。Bgive in 意为“屈服”;Cgive out 意为“分发”;Dgive away 意为“捐赠”,均不符合题意。
考点3:cheer sb. up
Little Tom is sad because he failed the exam. Let's go to ________.
A. call him up B. cheer him up C. wake him up D. give him up
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查cheer sb. up(使某人高兴/振作)。因 Tom “伤心”,故需要安慰鼓励,选B。Acall up 打电话;Cwake up 叫醒;Dgive up 放弃,均与安慰语境不符。
考点4:work out
It is not easy to ________ this math problem.
A. work on B. work at C. work out D. work for
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查work out(算出/解决)。宾语是“数学题”,解决问题用work out,选C。Awork on 从事于(强调过程);Bwork at 在……工作;Dwork for 为……工作,均不能表达“算出答案”之意。
考点5:calm oneself down
Don't be angry. You need to ________ and think carefully.
A. calm down B. sit down C. write down D. put down
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查calm down(冷静下来)。前句劝诫“别生气”,故建议“冷静”,选A。Bsit down 坐下;Cwrite down 写下;Dput down 放下,均非针对情绪的建议。
考点6:It’s one’s duty to do sth.
It is our duty ________ the environment.
A. protect B. to protect C. protecting D. protected
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查固定句型It is + n. + to do sth.,其中It 是形式主语,真正主语是不定式to do。句中已有系动词is,不能再用谓语动词,故选B。A是原形,C是动名词(通常不用于此句型),D是过去式,均不能作真正主语。
考点7:so ... that ...
The movie is ________ interesting ________ I want to see it again.
A. too; to B. such; that C. so; that D. enough; to
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查so + adj. + that从句(如此……以至于……)。空格后是形容词interesting 和完整句子,故选C。Atoo... to 后接动词原形;Bsuch 后需接名词;Denough 应放在形容词后且接动词原形,均不符合结构。
考点8:现在完成时
—Where is your father?
—He ________ to Shanghai. He will be back in two days.
A. has gone B. has been C. goes D. went
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查have/has gone to(去了某地,人未归)与have/has been to(去过某地,人已归)的区别。答语“两天后回来”说明人还没回,故选A。B表示已回;C是一般现在时;D是一般过去时,均无法体现“现在人不在此”的结果。
考点9:when 引导的时间状语从句
I was watching TV ________ my mother came back home.
A. when B. while C. if D. since
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查when 与while 的区别。when 既指时间点也指时间段,从句动词可短暂可延续;while 只指时间段,从句动词需延续。本题came 是短暂性动词,故选A。B不能接瞬间动词;C表条件;D表“自从”,主句通常用完成时,均不符。
考点10:need to do sth.
You look tired. You ________ to have a good rest.
A. need B. needn't C. don't need D. needed
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查实义动词need to do sth.(需要做某事)。语境“看起来累”暗示“需要休息”,肯定句选A。B(情态动词否定)和C(实义动词否定)均表示“不需要”,与语境相反;D是过去式,无明确过去时间状语,描述现状应用一般现在时。
知识导图记忆
重点单词
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1.名词
emergency:紧急情况;突发事件
kindness:仁慈;善良
librarian:图书馆馆长;图书管理员
shelf:架子;搁板
wallet:钱包
key:钥匙
contest:比赛;竞赛
ambulance:救护车
pill:药丸;药片
aid:帮助;援助
operator:电话员;接线员
fault:责任;过错
gratitude:感激;感谢
proposal:提议;建议
signal:信号;暗号
courage:勇气
request:要求;请求
2. 动词(Verbs)
help:帮助;协助
cheer:欢呼;使高兴
pick:捡起;拾起
work:解决;算出
give:给予;提供
hold:握住;持有
lend:借出;借给
borrow:借入;借用
donate:捐赠;捐献
volunteer:自愿做;志愿
rebuild:重建;重组
prevent:阻止;阻碍
calm:使平静;使镇静
shock:使震惊;使惊愕
nod:点头
regret:感到遗憾;懊悔
3. 形容词(Adjectives)
elderly:上了年纪的
lost:不知所措的;迷路的
thankful:感谢的;感激的
grateful:感激的;表示感谢的
sudden:突然的;忽然的
pale:灰白的;苍白的
kind:善良的;友好的
helpful:有帮助的;有用的
lucky:幸运的
proper:正确的;恰当的
4. 副词(Adverbs)
suddenly:突然;忽然
quickly:迅速地;很快地
clearly:清楚地;清晰地
properly:正确地;适当地
nearly:几乎;差不多
immediately:立刻;马上
sincerely:真诚地
5. 介词/连词/代词等(Prepositions/Conjunctions/Pronouns)
among:在……当中
against:反对;违反
and:和;并且(并列连词)
but:但是;然而(转折连词)
so:所以;因此(因果连词)
himself:他自己;亲自(反身代词)
nobody:没有人;无人(不定代词)
with:和;用(介词)
重点单词变形
help(v./n. 帮助)→ helpful(adj. 有帮助的)→ helplessly(adv. 无助地)→ helpless(adj. 无助的)→ helpfulness(n. 乐于助人)
kind(adj. 善良的)→ kindness(n. 仁慈;善良)→ kindly(adv. 亲切地;仁慈地)
thank(v. 感谢)→ thankful(adj. 感谢的)→ thanks(n. 感谢)→ thankfully(adv. 感激地)
grate(v. 感激)→ grateful(adj. 感激的)→ gratitude(n. 感激)→ gratefully(adv. 感激地)
sudden(adj. 突然的)→ suddenly(adv. 突然)
calm(adj./v. 平静的/使平静)→ calmly(adv. 平静地)→ calmness(n. 平静)
build(v. 建造)→ rebuild(v. 重建)→ building(n. 建筑物)→ builder(n. 建造者)
prevent(v. 阻止)→ prevention(n. 预防;阻止)→ preventive(adj. 预防的)
volunteer(v. 自愿)→ volunteer(n. 志愿者)→ voluntary(adj. 自愿的)
donate(v. 捐赠)→ donation(n. 捐赠物)→ donor(n. 捐赠者)
重点短语
1. 动词短语(Verb Phrases)
help out:帮助摆脱困境
cheer up:使高兴;使振奋
pick up:捡起;拾起
work out:解决;算出
give up:放弃;戒除
hold on:坚持;等一等
lend a hand:伸出援手;帮忙
borrow sth. from sb.:向某人借某物
donate sth. to sb./sth.:向某人/某物捐赠某物
volunteer to do sth.:自愿做某事
rebuild confidence:重建信心
prevent ... from ...:阻止……做……
calm down:平静下来;冷静下来
give first aid:实施急救
nod one's head:点头
regret doing sth.:后悔做过某事
ask for help:请求帮助
offer help:提供帮助
2. 介词短语(Prepositional Phrases)
in need:在困难中;需要帮助的
as usual:像往常一样;照例
at once:马上;立刻
among friends:在朋友之间
against the rules:违反规则
for the elderly:为老年人
with kindness:带着善意
in danger:处于危险中
3. 固定搭配与习惯用语(Fixed Collocations & Idioms)
give sb. a hand:帮某人一把
keep calm:保持冷静
break out in a cold sweat:出一身冷汗
look through:浏览;查看
check out:(从图书馆等)借出
be thankful to sb.:对某人心存感激
be grateful for sth.:因某事而感激
every little bit counts:一点一滴都很重要
a rainbow in someone's cloud:为他人的困境带来希望
stay in touch:保持联系
make a difference:产生影响
in person:亲自;当面
一、单项选择
1.—Could you help me sweep the floor, Linda? I’m going to cook dinner.
—________ I’ll do it at once, Mom.
A.With pleasure. B.My pleasure. C.You’re welcome. D.Sure, go ahead.
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——琳达,你能帮我扫地吗?我要去做晚饭了。——乐意效劳,我马上就去做,妈妈。
考查情景交际。With pleasure乐意效劳,常用于答应对方的请求;My pleasure不客气,常用于回应感谢;You’re welcome不客气,用于回应感谢;Sure, go ahead当然可以,你先请,用于允许对方行动。根据“I’ll do it at once, Mom.”可知,琳达答应母亲的请求,“With pleasure”符合语境。故选A。
2.John taught ________ how to solve the puzzle by carefully studying the instructions.
A.he B.him C.his D.himself
【答案】D
【详解】句意:John通过仔细研究说明书,自学了如何解决这个谜题。
考查代词辨析。he(主格)他;him(宾格)他;his(形容词性物主代词/名词性物主代词)他的;himself(反身代词)他自己。句中主语为John,宾语与主语指同一人,应用反身代词,构成“teach oneself”结构,意为 “自学”,故选D。
3.—Could you please give me a hand?
—________
A.I have no idea how to do it. B.Sure. It would be my pleasure.
C.I’ll try later if I have time. D.I don’t understand what you mean.
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你能帮我一下吗?——当然。这将是我的荣幸。
考查情景交际。I have no idea how to do it我不知道怎么做;Sure. It would be my pleasure当然。这将是我的荣幸;I’ll try later if I have time如果我有时间,我稍后会试试;I don’t understand what you mean我不明白你的意思。根据“Could you please give me a hand?”可知,在英语日常对话中,他人请求帮助时,应表达愿意,并做出礼貌回应,B项符合。故选B。
4.—Thanks for helping me!
—________.
A.My pleasure B.You are right C.Bye D.All right
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——谢谢你的帮助!——我的荣幸。
考查日常交际用语。My pleasure我的荣幸,用于回应感谢;You are right你是对的,用于赞同对方的观点;Bye再见,用于告别;All right好吧/行,用于勉强同意或确认某事。根据句中的“Thanks for helping me!”可知,此处应选择回应感谢的表达,My pleasure最符合语境,故选A。
5.The news was so ________ that everyone was extremely ________, without considering if it was confirmed.
A.shocked; shocked B.shock; shocked C.shocking; shocked D.shock; shocking
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这个消息太令人震惊了,每个人都非常震惊,没有考虑它是否被证实了。
考查形容词用法。shocking令人震惊的,修饰物;shocked感到震惊的,修饰人;shock震惊,动词/名词。根据“The news was so”可知,第一空应用形容词shocking作表语,修饰物;根据“everyone was extremely”可知,第二空应用形容词shocked作表语,修饰人。故选C。
6.Grandpa, ______, gets up early today. He is used to getting up at 6 o’clock.
A.such as B.as usual C.in addition D.what’s more
【答案】B
【详解】句意:爷爷像往常一样,今天起得很早。他习惯6点钟起床。
考查介词短语。such as例如;as usual像平常一样;in addition此外;what’s more而且。根据“gets up early today”和“He is used to getting up at 6 o’clock.”可知,爷爷习惯6点起床,今天像平常一样早起。故选B。
7.Each group is required to ________ the report and share opinions with the class.
A.prevent B.present C.request D.recommend
【答案】B
【详解】句意:每个小组都需要提交报告,并与全班同学分享各自的观点。
考查动词辨析。prevent阻止;present提交;request要求;recommend推荐。根据“Each group is required to ... the report and share opinions with the class.”可知,每个小组都需要提交报告,故选B。
8.We are glad that our class won the basketball game ________.
A.at once B.in person C.in the end D.in addition
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们很高兴我们班最终赢得了篮球比赛。
考查介词短语。at once立刻;in person亲自;in the end最终;in addition此外。根据“our class won the basketball game”可知,此处指最终赢得了篮球比赛。故选C。
9.The number of blue whales on the Earth __________ recently. Something must be done to save them.
A.drops B.has dropped C.have dropped D.dropped
【答案】B
【详解】句意: 地球上蓝鲸的数量最近下降了。必须做点什么拯救它们。
考查时态及主谓一致。根据“recently”可知,句子时态为现在完成时,“the number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,B项符合。故选B。
10.The forest fire ________ all of a sudden, causing widespread damage.
A.checked out B.turned down C.broke out D.broke down
【答案】C
【详解】句意:森林大火突然爆发,造成了广泛的破坏。
考查动词短语。checked out结账离开;turned down调小,拒绝;broke out爆发;broke down出故障,分解。根据“forest fire”和“causing widespread damage”可知,此处说的是森林大火突然爆发,造成破坏,所以应该用broke out,故选C。
11.After they talked about it for five hours, they ________ agree to my plan.
A.greatly B.finally C.suddenly D.actually
【答案】B
【详解】句意:经过五个小时的讨论后,他们最终同意了我的计划。
考查副词辨析。greatly非常;finally最终;suddenly突然地;actually实际上。根据“After they talked about it for five hours”可知,经过五小时讨论,应是最终同意了我的计划,故选B。
12.The sooner you start, the_________ you will finish your task.
A.quickly B.more quickly C.quick D.quicker
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你越早开始,你就能越快完成你的工作。
考查副词用法和比较级。quickly快速地,副词;more quickly更快地,比较级;quick快的,形容词;quicker更快的,比较级。根据“The sooner you start...”可知,此句考查“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构,意为“越……,越……”,排除A和C;句中应用副词“quickly”修饰动词“finish”,排除D。故选B。
13.________ is perfect, but we can work hard to be a better person.
A.Anybody B.Everybody C.Everyone D.Nobody
【答案】D
【详解】句意:没有人是完美的,但我们可以努力成为更好的人。
考查代词辨析。Anybody任何人;Everybody每个人;Everyone每个人;Nobody没有人。根据“is perfect, but we can work hard to be a better person.”可知,but前后为转折关系,故应是没有人是完美的。故选D。
14.My grandfather often ________ old photos in a rocking chair.
A.looks through B.looks for C.looks out D.looks after
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我爷爷经常坐在摇椅上翻看旧照片。
考查动词短语。looks through浏览;looks for寻找;looks out小心;looks after照顾。根据“old photos in a rocking chair.”可知,应该说爷爷经常“浏览”老照片,故选A。
15.My mother often helps me with my homework, ________ she also helps me learn about the world.
A.and B.but C.so D.or
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我的妈妈经常辅导我做家庭作业,并且她也帮助我了解这个世界。
考查连词辨析。and和,表顺承;but但是,表转折;so因此,表因果;or或者,表选择。根据“she also helps”可知前后为顺承关系,用and连接。故选A。
二、单词拼写
16. , the screen went blank. (sudden)
【答案】Suddenly
【详解】句意:突然,屏幕变得一片空白。此处修饰整个句子,用副词Suddenly放句首,故填Suddenly。
17.We should be to our parents and teachers for their great care and love. (gratitude)
【答案】grateful
【详解】句意:我们应该感谢父母和老师给予我们的悉心照料与关爱。句中“be”动词后需接形容词作表语,“gratitude”是名词,意为“感激”,其形容词形式为“grateful”,意为“感激的、感谢的”,符合“be grateful to sb.(对某人感激)”的固定搭配及语境。故填grateful。
18.They did everything possible to save his life. However, before the a arrived, he had already passed away.
【答案】(a)mbulance
【详解】句意:他们尽了一切可能来挽救他的生命。然而,在救护车到达之前,他就已经去世了。根据首字母“a”以及语境“在……到达之前,他就已经去世了”,并结合前文提到挽救生命可知,此处应是指“救护车”,英文是“ambulance”。故填(a)mbulance。
19.I feel to my English teacher for her great patience. (thank)
【答案】thankful
【详解】句意:我感谢我的英语老师的耐心。feel为感官动词,后面接thank“感谢”的形容词形式thankful“感谢的”。故填thankful。
20.Does Alice work as a school ? (library)
【答案】librarian
【详解】句意:爱丽丝是学校图书管理员吗?根据“work as...”可知,此处指的是一种职业,指的是“图书管理员”,空前a修饰,名词应用单数形式,故填librarian。
21.The government helped the people in the earthquake to their houses. (build)
【答案】rebuild
【详解】句意:政府帮助地震中的民众重建了他们的房屋。help sb. to do sth.“帮助某人做某事”,故填rebuild。
22.It is important to keep calm in an . (emergent)
【答案】emergency
【详解】句意:在紧急情况下保持冷静是很重要的。空前有“an”修饰,此处应用名词,emergent“紧急的”,是形容词,其名词是emergency“紧急情况”,故填emergency。
23.I have been to Beijing . (one)
【答案】once
【详解】句意:我去过北京一次。根据提示词及“I have been to Beijing...”可知,句子用现在完成时,此处应是表达已去过北京一次,once“一次”符合语境。故填once。
24.The act of from the stranger warmed my heart on the cold winter day. (kind)
【答案】kindness
【详解】句意:陌生人的善意举动在寒冷的冬日温暖了我的心。根据“The act of...from the stranger”可知,空处需填一个名词。kind“善良的”,是形容词,其名词为kindness“善意”,the act of kindness表示“善意的举动”。故填kindness。
25.After wandering around for hours, he realized he was in the city.(lose)
【答案】lost
【详解】句意:转悠了几个小时后,他意识到自己在城里迷路了。根据题意和提示词可知,be lost“迷路”,是固定短语,此处应用lose的形容词形式,即lost,作表语。故填lost。
26.The train arrived as and the passengers boarded without any delay. (usually)
【答案】usual
【详解】句意:火车像往常一样到达,乘客们毫无延误地上了车。as usual表示“像往常一样”,符合语境。故填usual。
27.She was for the opportunity to experience a new culture. (grate)
【答案】grateful
【详解】句意:她很感激能有机会体验一种新的文化。be grateful for“对……心存感激”,形容词短语。故填grateful。
28.The teacher talked so that everyone could follow. (clear)
【答案】clearly
【详解】句意:老师讲得很清楚,以便每个人都能听懂。根据“The teacher talked”可知,此处需填入副词形式,修饰动词“alked”作状语,clear的副词形式为clearly。故填clearly。
29.I feel t for my friend’s help when I was sick last week.
【答案】(t)hankful
【详解】句意:上周我生病时,我感谢朋友的帮助。根据“I feel…for my friend’s help when I was sick last week.”及首字母提示可知,空处应用形容词作表语,表达感谢朋友的帮助,thankful“感谢的”。故填(t)hankful。
30.The story teaches us that small acts of k can change someone’s day.
【答案】(k)indness
【详解】句意:这个故事告诉我们,小小的善举可以改变某人的一天。根据“of”可知,空格处需要填入一个名词作宾语;再由“small acts of ... can change someone’s day”可知,小小的善举可以改变某人的一天,kindness“善良”。故填(k)indness。
三、完成句子
31.the case, and, called, reported, Tom, the emergency number (连词成句)
.
【答案】Tom reported the case and called the emergency number
【详解】根据所给词可知,此句是and并列句。Tom作主语;reported作谓语,the case作宾语;called作并列句的谓语,the emergency number作宾语,故填Tom reported the case and called the emergency number“汤姆报案并拨打了紧急电话”。
32.Uncle Wang dropped his wallet in the park yesterday. (改为一般疑问句)
Uncle Wang his wallet in the park yesterday?
【答案】 Did drop
【详解】句意:王叔叔昨天在公园掉了钱包。句子是一般过去时,改为一般疑问句需借助助动词did,放在句首,原句中的谓语动词dropped要还原为原形drop。故填Did;drop。
33.arrived, first aid, the doctor, when, at once, the ambulance, gave him (连词成句)
【答案】When the ambulance arrived, the doctor gave him first aid at once.
【详解】分析所给词可知,本句是复合句;“when the ambulance arrived”是时间状语从句,表示“当救护车到达的时候”;“the doctor”是主语,“gave him first aid at once”是谓语部分,其中“gave sb. sth.”是固定结构,“gave him first aid”即“给了他急救”,“at once”表示“立刻,马上”。故填When the ambulance arrived, the doctor gave him first aid at once.“当救护车到达时,医生立刻给他进行了急救。”
34.Mrs Bell, the ambulance, When, at once, two doctors, arrived, gave, first aid, “,” (连词成句)
.
【答案】When the ambulance arrived, two doctors gave Mrs Bell first aid at once
【详解】根据所给标点和单词可知,此句为含when引导的时间状语从句的复合陈述句,时态为一般过去时。从句:When the ambulance arrived,位于句首说明动作发生的时间;主句:two doctors gave Mrs Bell first aid at once,give sb. sth.“给某人某物”,at once作状语位于句末。故填When the ambulance arrived, two doctors gave Mrs Bell first aid at once“救护车到达时,两名医生立即对贝尔夫人进行了急救”。
35.may, check out, to, you, book, show, student card, the, your (连词成句)
【答案】May you show your student card to check out the book?/You may show your student card to check out the book.
【详解】主语:you你;谓语动词:show展示;宾语:your student card你的学生证;目的状语:to check out the book;may可以,情态动词,在一般疑问句中放在主语前面,在陈述句中放在谓语动词前,故填May you show your student card to check out the book?“你可以出示你的学生证借书吗?”/You may show your student card to check out the book.“你可以出示你的学生证借书。”
36.Lucy expresses herself more clearly than Lily.(保持句意基本不变)
Lily
【答案】expresses herself less clearly than Lucy.
【详解】句意:Lucy比Lily表达得更清楚。改为同义句,Lily作主语,应改为Lily比Lucy表达得更不清楚,主语是单数,谓语动词用三单形式expresses;less clearly “更不清楚”;than“比”。故填expresses herself less clearly than Lucy.
37.He promised to come to the party. He didn’t show up. (两句合并成一句)
.
【答案】He promised to come to the party, but he didn’t show up
【详解】句意:他答应来参加聚会。他没有露面。分析句子可知,两句是转折关系,合成一句,用but连接两个并列句。故填He promised to come to the party, but he didn’t show up。
38.The firefighters saved the family from the burning building immediately.(保持句意不变)
The firefighters saved the family from the burning building .
【答案】 at once
【详解】句意:消防队员立即从着火的大楼里救出了这家人。immediately=at once“立即”,二者可以互换。故填at;once。
39.We have a helpful friend in our class.(改为感叹句)
helpful friend we have in our class!
【答案】 What a
【详解】句意:我们班有一个乐于助人的朋友。句中“friend”是可数名词单数,适合“What + a/an + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!”结构,应用what引导感叹句,what位于句首,首字母要大写;“helpful”是以辅音音素开头的单词,应用a。故填What;a。
40.We need more time to finish the project.(改为一般疑问句)
you more time to finish the project?
【答案】 Do need
【详解】句意:我们需要更多时间来完成这个项目。原句是一般现在时,疑问句主语是you,助动词用do,句首单词,首字母要大写,后面用动词原形need。故填Do;need。
41.Some people enjoy reading books in their spare time.(改为反意疑问句)
Some people enjoy reading books in their spare time, ?
【答案】 don’t they
【详解】句意:一些人喜欢在空闲时间读书。此题考查反义疑问句。陈述部分和疑问部分应遵循“前肯后否”或“前否后肯”的原则。Some people enjoy reading books in their spare time.是肯定句,故疑问部分应为否定形式,结合一般现在时态,故借助助动词don’t。some people在疑问部分用they代替。故填don’t;they。
42.The international group set up a website to tell people how they can donate money.(改为简单句)
The international group set up a website to tell people how money.
【答案】 to donate
【详解】句意:这个国际组织建立了一个网站,告诉人们如何捐款。分析句子结构可知,原句中的宾语从句“how they can donate money”可以简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构,也就是how to donate money。故填to;donate。
43.The news shocks the audience as nobody has thought of the weak team’s final victory.(保持句意基本不变)
The news the audience as nobody has thought of the weak team’s final victory.
【答案】 makes shocked
【详解】句意:这个消息震惊了观众,因为没有人想到弱队最后会获胜。根据原句内容可知,可转换为“消息让观众惊讶”,make sb adj.“让某人……”,原句时态是一般现在时,主语是单数,谓语动词用makes,shocked作宾语补足语,故填makes;shocked。
44.He checked out five books at a time to finish the essay.(改为一般疑问句)
he out five books at a time to finish the essay?
【答案】 Did check
【详解】句意:为了完成这篇文章,他一次看了五本书。根据原句中的checked可知,本句的时态是一般过去时,一般疑问句借助助动词did提问,句首首字母大写;助动词后跟动词原形check。故填Did;check。
45.水在我们的日常生活中起着非常重要的作用。
Water plays a very important role in our life.
【答案】daily/everyday
【详解】日常的:daily/everyday,形容词作定语。故填daily/everyday。
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