Unit 8 What are the shirts made of（复习课件）英语鲁教版五四学制八年级下册

该初中英语单元复习课件围绕“物品材质与制作”主题，系统整合词汇、短语、句型、语法及写作模块。通过单词分类（动词、名词等）与拓展（词形变化、同源词），短语句型归纳，语法中一般现在时被动语态的结构、转换及辨析，构建完整知识网络，体现语言要素间的逻辑联系。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与文化意识培养，如写作任务引导学生介绍家乡风筝，结合传统工艺增强家国情怀。语法部分通过主动被动转换步骤训练思维品质，练习设计分层选择题覆盖基础到综合，助力个性化复习。有效帮助学生巩固知识，为教师提供系统复习框架，提升教学针对性。

Unit 8 What are the shirts made of ? 单元复习 初中英语 / 鲁教版五四学制 / 八年级下册 Contents Words 1 Phrases 2 Sentences 3 Grammar 4 Writing 5 Exercises 6 Homework 7 Words 0 1 Words 单词分类与变形 Verb 动词 生产；制造 包装；装箱____________ 避免；回避______________ 完成___________ 6.棉；棉花__________ 7.钢；钢铁______________ 8.展览会；交易会______________ 9.草；草地____________ 10.叶子；叶________________ produce Noun 名词 1.筷子______________ 2.硬币______________ 3.餐叉；叉子____________ 4.(女士）衬衫___________ 5.玻璃____________ Words pack coin fork blouse glass cotton avoid fair grass chopstick steel complete leaf (pl) leaves Noun 名词 11. 产品；制品_________ 12.小手提包__________ 13.老板；上司__________ 14.表面；表层________ 15.材料；原料____________ 16.交通；车辆_____________ 17.邮递员___________ 18. 帽子_________ 19.手套__________ 20.形式；类型___________ 21.气球__________________ 22.剪刀_____________ product handbag boss surface material traffic postman Words 1.当地的；本地的_________ 2.可移动的；非固定的_________ cap glove Adjective 形容词 3.每天的；日常的_________ 4.国际的_________ form balloon scissors local mobile everyday international Adverb 副词 1.广泛地；普遍地___________________ 5.它的_______________ 6.生气勃勃的；（色彩）鲜艳的_______ 兼类词 1. (n.) 银；银器； (adj.) 银色的 2. (v.)加工；处理（n.)过程 3. (n.) 热；高温(v.) 加热 its widely lively silver process heat Words Adjective 形容词 Words 1. glass. n.玻璃（不可数名词）→________. n.玻璃杯（可数名词） 2. fairness. n.公正性；合理性→_____. adj.合理的；公平的→______. adv.公平地；合理地→_______. adj.不公平的；不公正的→_______. adv.不公正→_________. n.不公平；不合理性 3. environmental. adj.自然环境的；有关环境的→________. n.环境→_____________. adv.与环境有关地；环境方面地 4. leaf. n.叶；叶子→___________.复数 5. produce. v.生产；制造；出产→___________. n.生产商；制造商 6. product. n.产品；制品→________________. n.生产；产量 7. widely. adv.广泛地；普遍地→_______. adj.宽的；宽阔的→_______. n.宽度→_________. v.（使）变宽；（使）扩大 8. pack. v.包装；装箱→__________. n.包裹 9. France. n.法国→__________. adj.法国（人）的；法语的 n.法语 glass fair fairly unfair unfairly unfairness environment environmentally leaves producer production wide width widen package French Words 10. Germany. n.德国→________. adj.德国（人）的；德语的n.德语；德国人→__________. n.德国人（复数） 11. postman. n.邮递员→_________.复数 12. international. adj.国际的→_____. n.国家；民族→________. adj.国家的；民族的 13. competitor. n.参赛者；竞争者→__________. v.比赛；竞争→___________. n.比赛；竞争；竞赛 →____________. adj.有竞争力的 14. celebration. n.庆典；庆祝活动→___________. v.庆祝 15. lively. adj.生气勃勃的；（色彩）鲜艳的→_________. adj.活着的；尚在人世的→________. adj.活着的；有生命的→___________. adj.活着的；没死的 16. historical. adj.（有关）历史的→___________. n.历史→__________. n.历 17.complete. v.完成→___________. adj.完整的；完全的→___________. adv.完全地；彻底地 German Germans postmen nation national compete competition competitive celebrate living live alive history historian complete completely Phrases 0 2 Phrases Phrases 1. _________ 由...制成（物理） 2. __________ 因......而出名 3. ____________ 因......而闻名 4. _____________ 在过去 5. ______________就我所知 6. _____________例如 7. ______________ 手工 8.______________全世界 9. ______________ 对.....有好处 10. _______________ 寻找 11. ____________无论 12. ________________即使 13. ______________事实上 14. ____________擅长 15. ______________日常用品 16. _____________在未来 17.___________查明；搞清楚 18._____________考虑;思考 19.______________做风筝 20.______________例如 be made of be famous for be known for in the past as far as I know for example by hand all over the world be good for search for no matter event though in fact be good at everyday things in the future find out think about make a kite such as Phrases 21．___________ 把......变成 22．______________被变成23．_______________根据24．_______________最早由某人做 25．_________________ 发出26．______________求助 27．__________处于困境，有麻烦28．_____________被覆盖29．______________被看做30．_______________ 剪纸 31．_____________作为---的象征32．____________ 看起来很真 33．_______________由手工塑造34．_______________被允许做某事 35．_____________ 以非常高的温度36．_______________ 在午夜37．_______________被塑造成 turn...into... be turned into according to be first used by sb send out ask for help be in trouble be covered with be seen as paper cutting as symbols of look very real be shaped by hand be allowed to do sth at a very high heat at midnight be shaped into Sentences 0 3 Sentences Sentences 1. It seems that似乎（后接从句） 2. seem to do似乎做某事　3. avoid sth/doing sth避免（做某事）4. continue to do sth继续做某事（指一件事做完接着做另一件事）5. continue doing sth继续做某事（指一件事未做完接着做） 6. be good at sth/doing sth擅长（做）某事7. be allowed to do sth被允许做某事8. allow doing sth 9. allow sb. to do sth.10. find it +形 to do sth. Sentences 11. find sb. doing sth.12. find sth. done 13. learn to do sth.14. It takes sb. +时间 to do sth. 15. be used for 被用来16. be used by 被......使用17. be used as 被用作18. be seen as 被看作19. pretend to do sth假装干… Sentences 1.这件衬衣是哪里制作的？它在德国制作 。Where was the blouse made ? It ____ _____ _____ Germany2.人们说茶对生意和健康都有好处。People say that tea____ ____ _____ both health and business.3. 这个戒指是银制的 The ring ___ ______ _____silver4. 纸是由木头制成的 The paper ____ ____ ______ wood 5.中国因茶闻名 China ____ __________ ______ tea.6. 莫言以一名作家而出名 MoYan ____ __________ ______ a writer. was made in is good for is made of is made from is famous/known for is famous/known as 6.中国哪里产茶? Where_____ tea __________?7.据我所知，茶种在山坡上 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____, tea plants are grown on the sides of mountain 8.他意识到美国人无法避免买到中国制造的产品。He realized that Americans can hardly _____ ____ products ____ ____ China.9.中国每个地方都有它特殊的传统艺术形式。Each different part of China has ____ ____ special forms of traditional art.10.这些传统的艺术形式展示生活中重要的东西These forms of traditional art show the things that are important____ ____. is produced As far as I know avoid buying made in its own in life Sentences 11.地球表面大部分被水覆盖 Most of the earth’s surface ____ _____ _____ water。12.当处于困境时，他就放出孔明灯寻求帮助He ____them____ to ask for help when ____ ______. 13.它们是用竹子制成的，竹子外面用纸包裹They _____ ____ _____bamboo and ______ _____ paper14.它们被看作幸福和美好祝愿的光明象征They _____ _____ ___ bright symbols of happiness and good wishes.15.这些小小的陶土艺术作品表达了所有中国人对生活和美的热爱These small pieces of clay art ____ ______ that all Chinese people have for life and beauty. is covered by sent out in trouble are made of covered with are seen as show love Sentences Grammar 0 4 Grammar Grammar 1、Is it made of silver？它是银制的吗？（P33） be made of意为“由……制成”，指原材料 经过加工后没有发生质的变化，从成品中可以看出原材料。 这件外套是由丝绸制成的。The coat is made of silk. 要点拓展 be made相关的短语： be made from 意为“由……制成”，是指原材料经过加工后发生了质的变化，从成品中看不出原材料。 be made in 意为“在……制造”，表示某物是在某地生产或制造的。 be made by 意为“被……制作”，表示某物是由某人或以某种方式制造的。 be made into 意为“把……制成…，使转变为”，是指用某种原材料制成某种成品。主语在意义上为原料，介词的宾语在意义上为制成品。 Be made up of 意为“由……组成/构成”，指由两个或两个以上的部分组成/构成。 Grammar Bread is made from eggs, milk and flour.面包是由鸡蛋、牛奶和面粉制成的。This furniture is made in America.这套家具是美国生产的。This pair of shoes is made by my grandmother.这双鞋是我奶奶做的。In many parts of the world, corn is made into powder.世界上有许多地方把玉米磨成粉。This medical team is made up of one doctor and three nurses.这支医疗团队是由一名医生和三名护士组成的。 2、China is famous for tea, right？中国因茶而驰名，是吗？（P34） famous为形容词，意为“著名的；出名的”，在句中做定语和表语。 她是一个著名的演员。She is a famous actress. Grammar “famous”各不同 be famous for 因……而闻名/著名 be famous to 为……所熟知；对……而言是著名的 be famous as 作为……而出名；以……（身份）而闻名 这个地区以绿茶而出名。The area is famous for its green tea. 中国素以丝绸闻名。China has been famous for its silk. 爱因斯坦以一位伟大的科学家著称。Einstein was famous as a great scientist. 成龙为世人所熟知。Jackie Chan is famous to the people all over the world. 小提示 be famous for相当于be known for；be famous as相当于be known as。 Grammar 3、Where is tea produced in China？中国的哪些地方产茶？（P34） produce为及物动词，意为“生产；制造；出产”。 中国出产小麦。China produces wheat. 要点拓展 （1）produce为不可数名词，意为“产品”，多指农产品。 There is enough farm produce in that supermarket.在那个超市有足够的农产品。 （2）product为可数名词，意为“产品；制品”。多指工业产品，也可以指农产品，还可以指脑力劳动等的产物。 They have an interest in health products.他们对健康产品感兴趣。 Grammar 4、For example, Anxi and Hangzhou are widely known for their tea.像安溪和杭州都是普遍著名的产茶地。（P34） widely做副词，意为“广泛地，广阔地”，用于修饰动词。 在英国和美国，英语被广泛使用。English is widely spoken in the UK and the USA. 要点拓展 wide做形容词，意为“宽的，广泛的”。反义词为narrow（窄的，狭窄的）。 The river is too wide to swim across.河面太宽了，游不过去。 5、Well,as far as I know, tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains.嗯，据我所知，茶树被种植在山坡上。（P34） as far as I know意为“据我所知”，其后用逗号与后面的句子隔开。as far as意为“与……一样远；一直到……”，引申意为“就……而言；从……来看；尽……所能；只要”。 Grammar 据我所知，世界上越来越多的人正在学习汉语。As far as I know, more and more people in the world are learning Chinese. 我们会尽可能地帮助你。We’ll help you as far as possible. 要点拓展 as far as I can see 据我看；as far as I can remember据我所记得的。 6、When the leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing.叶子长好后，人们就手工把叶子采摘下来，然后送去加工。（P34） by hand为介词短语，意为“用手；手工”，其中by是介词，用来表示方式和手段，意为“通过……方式”。 这件毛衣是手工织的。This sweater was made by hand. Grammar 7、It seems that many people all over the world drink Chinese tea.全世界好多人都好像在喝中国茶。（P34） “It seems + that从句…”表示“看起来……；似乎……；好像……”。 你好像有点感冒。It seems that you’ve caught a little cold. It seems that his temperature is all right.他的体温似乎正常。 要点拓展 seem句型透视： seem句型透视 “主语+seem（s）（+tobe）+表语”意为“某人似乎/看上去……” seem to do sth.好像/似乎做某事 sb.+seem（s）+不定式=ltseems that sb...意为“某人似乎/看上去……” It seemed as if...意为“看起来像/仿佛……” Grammar 8、No matter what you may buy, you might think those products were made in those countries.无论你可能买什么，你也许会认为那些产品一定就是那些国家制造的。（P35） no matter意为“不论；无论”，常与疑问词连用，表示“无论……”，该句中的No matter what相当于Whatever，引导让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”。 无论走到哪里，都不要忘了你是个中国人。No matter where you go, never forget that you’re a Chinese.=Wherever you go, never forget that you’re a Chinese. 无论他说什么，都别相信他。Don’t trust him, no matter what he says.=Don’t trust him, whatever he says. Grammar 特殊疑问词+-ever wherever=no matter where无论在哪里 whenever=no matter when无论什么时候 whoever=no matter who无论谁 however=no matter how无论怎样 9、He found it interesting that so many products in the local shops were made in China.他发现了一个有趣的现象，当地商店里许多产品都是中国制造的。（P35） 句子结构分析 “find it+多容词+that从句”结构中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为that从句，interesting做found的宾语补足语。 我发现这儿的老师对我很好。I find that the teachers are friendly to me here. 我发现她很容易相处。I find it easy to get on with her. 他发现地上有个男孩在哭泣。He found the boy crying on the ground. Grammar 注意 “主语+find + it+形容词/名词+ to do…”是简单句，可以与复合句“主语+find+ that + it is +形容词/名词+to do...”互换。 I find it difficult to learn math well.=I find that it is difficult to learn math well.我发现学好数学很难。 10、He realized that Americans can hardly avoid buying products made in China.他意识到，美国人几乎不可避免会买中国制造的产品。（P35） avoid为动词，意为“避免；回避”，其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式做宾语，但是不能接不定式做宾语。 avoid 1 avoid sb./sth.回避某人/某事 2 avoid doing sth.防止做某事；避免做某事 为了避免浪费资源，我们必须尽可能多地循环利用它们。In order to avoid wasting resources, we must recycle them as much as possible. Grammar 11、What language is spoken in Germany？在德国说什么语言？（P36） Germany为名词，意为“德国”。 德国是一个欧洲国家。Germany is a European country. 要点拓展 German做形容词，意为“德国的；德语的；德国人的”；做名词，意为“德语；德国人”。 They are Germans, come from Germany and they can speak German.他们是德国人，来自德国，他们会说德语。 注意 German故“德语”讲时，为不可数名词。German 故“速国人”讲时，为可数名词，复数为Germans。 小提示 以-an结尾的国人的复数，在词尾加-s，如Americans（美国人），Australians（澳大利亚人），Italians（意大利人）等。 Grammar be covered with/by “由/被...覆盖”；cover sth. with sth. “用某物遮盖某物” 12、Most of the earth’s surface is covered by water.地球表面的大部分地区被水覆盖。（P36） The top of Qomolangma is covered with snow all year round.珠穆朗玛峰顶部终年被积雪覆盖。 cover…with… 用…覆盖… She covered her face with her hands, crying sadly. [知识拓展]cover的其他用法： （1）v.占(面积) ;涵盖,包含 Their school covers an area of 6 square kilometers.他们学校占地6平方公里。 Grammar (2) n.覆盖物,套子；(书刊等的)封面 He put the cover on his piano.他把琴套罩在了他的钢琴上。 The book needs a new cover.这本书需要一个新封皮。 13、Children under18 are not allowed to drive in China.在中国18岁以下的孩子不允许开车。（p 36) 1) allow sth. “允许某事” I don't think she will allow it. 我想她不会允 许这件事情。2). allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事e.g. My parents don’t allow me to stay up late.3). allow doing sth.“允许做某事”e.g. We don't allow smoking in our house. 在我们家不允许抽烟。4). be allowed to do sth.“被允许做某事” e.g. Passengers are not allowed to smoke on the bus.在公交车上，乘客不允许抽烟。 Grammar 14、The judge punished the careless driving for traffic accidents.法官惩罚粗心驾驶导致许多交通事故。（P36） careless做形容词，意为“粗心的；不小心的”。反义词是careful。 他没有把门锁上，实在是太粗心了。It was careless of him to leave the door unlocked. 要点拓展 后级less意思是“无……的；不能……”。类似的词有：use+less→useless（无用的），hope+less→hopeless（无望的），care+less→careless（粗心的），help+less-helpless（无助的），end+less→endless（没完没了的），hope+less→hopeless（绝望的；不可救药的），meaning+less→meaningless（无意义的），home +less →homeless（无家可归的）。 Grammar 15、Laura is trying to find out more about what Zheng Yun did on his vacation.劳拉正努力找出更多关于郑云在假期做的事情的信息。（P37） find out指通过观察、探索而发现事实的真相，即“查明，弄清楚”。 请弄清楚火车什么时候开。Please find out when the train leaves. 要点拓展 look for表示“寻找”，强调“找”的动作；find强调“找，发现”的结果。 What are you looking for？你在找什么？I can’t find my watch.我找不到我的手表了。 16、The competitors at the festival are from all over the world.出席节日的竞争对手来自世界各地。（P37） competitor为可数名词，意为“参赛者；竞争者”。 Over 200 competitors entered the race.200多名选手参加了赛跑。 Grammar 要点拓展 （1）competition.比赛，竞争。做可数名词时，指具体比赛；做不可数名词时，指抽象含义的“竞争” He took part in several chess competitions last year.他去年参加了几场棋艺大赛。 （2）compete vi.竞争。常用结构：compete against sb.与某人竞争；compete in...参加……；compete to do sth.竞争做某事；compete against/with sb. for sth.为某事与某人竞争。 Some companies are competing against each other for the market.一些公司为了市场相互竞争。 Grammar 17、Each different part of China has its own special forms of traditional art.中国每个不同的地区都有自己独特的传统艺术形式。（P38） each表示一定数目中的“每一个”，做主语时谓语用单数；做同位语时谓语用复数。 我们每人都有一本英语书。Each of us has an English book.=We each have an English book.（each做同位语） 要点辨析 each，every each 用于两者或两者以上，个别意义较重，表示各个不同，强调个人或个别。 可接of短语，every则不可；each还可做定语、状语，修饰单数名词。 every 表示数目不确定的许多人或物中间的“每一个”，表示“全体”意义，用于三者或三者以上。 every还可用于数词前，each则不能，如every five minutes（每5分钟）。 Grammar one’s own某人自己的。 这是我自己的钢笔，不是她的。This is my own pen, not hers. 要点拓展 own做动词，意为“拥有”；owner做名词，意为“拥有者，所有者，主人”。 固定搭配 on one’s own=by oneself独自，主动地；with one’s own eyes 目睹；the owner of...……的主人。 You should do the homework on your own.你该独立完成作业。 18、According to Chinese history, sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kongming.据中国历史记载，诸葛孔明是第一个使用孔明灯的人。（P38） according to为介词短语，意为“根据”，其中to为介词，后接名词、代词或从句做宾语。 Grammar 19、He sent them out to ask for help when in trouble.当遇到麻烦时，他就放出孔明灯来求援。（P38） send out意为“放出；分发；发出（光、信号、声音等）”，为“动词+副词”型短语，其后跟名词或代词做宾语。当宾语是名词时，放在两者之间或out之后均可；当宾语是代词时，要放在两者之间。 你能帮我把孔明灯放出去吗？Could you help me to send the sky lanterns out？ 固定搭配 send的常考短语：send for派人去请；send up发射（火箭、卫星、飞船等）；send of寄出。 in trouble处于困境中。trouble做名词，意为“问题；烦恼；困难”，是不可数名词。 不要嘲笑处于困境中的人们。Don’t laugh at the people in trouble. Grammar 固定搭配 in trouble处于困境中 含trouble的短语 ask for trouble自找麻烦 out of trouble摆脱困境 get into trouble陷入困境 have troublewith sth.因某事有麻烦/困难/苦恼 have trouble（in） doing sth.做某事有困难 I have some trouble （in） reading her hand-writing.我认她的笔迹感到有些困难。 要点拓展 （1）trouble还做及物动词，意为“麻烦”。 May I trouble you to move your chair a bit？麻烦你把椅子挪一挪行吗？ （2）“in+名词”结构短语：in trouble处于困境中；in need需要；in fact事实上；in surprise惊讶地；in danger处于危险中。 Grammar 20、When the lanterns are lit, they slowly rise into the air like small hot –air balloons for all to see.孔明灯点燃后，像小小的热气球一样慢慢地升上天空，供人们欣赏。（P38） rise做动词，意为“（太阳、月亮、星星等）升起”，反义词为set（落下）。rise的过去式，过去分词分别是rose，risen。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起，西方落下。 要点拓展 rise也指数量、价值或数字的增加或增长。 The price of the oil rose to seven yuan per litre.油价上升到每升7元。 要点辨析 rise，raise Grammar rise 不及物动词 指日、月、星、雾等升起，人或物站起来。 raise 及物动词 举起；上升。指人为的或物借助外力升高、举起，如raise one’shands（举手），raise the flag（升国旗）等。 She rose from her seat.她从座位上站了起来。 If you have any question, you can raise your hand.有问题你可以举手。 21、They are seen as bright symbols of happiness and good wishes.这些灯被看作幸福和美好愿望的光明象征。（P38） be seen as意为“被看作”，是被动结构，其主动形式为see...as...，意为“把…….看作……”。 Grammar 高铁被视为中国新四大成就之一。High-speed trains are seen as one of the new Four Great Achievements of China. 要点拓展 把……看作…… think of...as... look on...as... consider...as... regard...as... treat...as... symbol做名词，意为“象征；标志”，后接介词of，表示“……的象征”；后接介词for，表示“……的符号”。 玫瑰是爱情的象征。The rose is a symbol of love. 在地图上，十字符号代表教堂。On maps, a cross is the symbol for a church. Grammar 22、The pieces are usually cute children or lively characters from a Chinese fairy tale or historical story.这些作品通常是可爱的孩子、中国神话故事或历史故事中鲜活的人物。（P38） lively做形容词，意为“生动的；活泼的；充满活力的”，用作表语或定语，可用来修饰人或物。 他讲了一个非常生动的故事。He told a very lively story. 要点辨析 lively，alive，living，live lively 表示“生气勃勃的，活泼的”，可修饰人或物，用作定语或表语。 alive 表示“活着的”，可以修饰人或动植物，常做表语、宾语补足语或后置定语。 living 表示“活着的”，修饰人或物，常做表语或定语。做表语时相当于alive。the living表示“活着的人”，做主语时谓语动词用复数形式。 live 表示“活的，有精神的，现场直播的”，此时读作/laɪv/，可修饰人或物，一般只做前置定语。 Grammar Who is the lively girl in the picture？照片中那个活泼的女孩是谁？Even though we’re in difficult times, we need to keep hope alive.即使我们处在困难时期，我们也需要保持活下去的希望。The living are more important to us than the dead.活着的人对我们来说比死去的人更重要。This is a live fish.这是一条活鱼。 23、After drying, they are fired at a very high heat.干了之后还要高温烧制。（P38） heat为名词，意为“热，高温”，是不可数名词。at a very high heat表示“通过高温”，heat虽是不可数名词，但前面有修饰成分时，要用冠词a。 要点拓展 heat还可做动词（vi.&vt.），意为“加热；变热”。 Grammar 24、It takes several weeks to complete everything.要花好几个星期才能完成所有工序。（P38） 本句是It takes（sb.）some time to do sth.句型，意为“做某事花费（某人）……时间”，其中It为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。 It takes me half an hour to get to the train station.到火车站花费了我半小时。 complete是及物动词，意为“完成，结束”，相当于finish。 要点拓展 completely adv.完全地，彻底地，用于修饰形容词或动词。 completevt.完成，结束 completely adv.完全地，彻底地 complete adj.完全的，彻底的 Grammar The building was completely destroyed.这栋楼完全被破坏了。This is a complete waste of time.这完全是在浪费时间。 要点辨析 complete，finish complete 表示“完成”，是个比较正式的词，一般指计划、理想、工程等完成。 finish 是个普通用语，指“完成”或“结束”日常的事物，其后可接名词、代词或动词ing形式，不接不定式。 The building is not completed yet.这栋楼至今尚未完工。I finished the task last night.我昨晚完成了那项任务。 单元语法点回顾 一般现在时的被动语态 Grammar 1.语态语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子主与谓语的关系。当谓语动词表示一个动作时，它和主语有两种不同的关系：主语态（The Active Voice）和被动语态The Passive Voice)。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执者；被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。 【例句】Many people speak English. 许多人讲英语。English is spoken by many people . 英语被许多人讲。 Grammar 2．被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be＋过去分词”构成，其人称、数和时态的变化都是通过助动词be的不同形式表现出来的。本单元先来学习一般现在时的被动语态。 3．一般现在时的被动语态的各种句式一般现在时的被动语态的结构为am／is／are＋及物动词的过去分词”，be的单复数形式根据主语而定。如果强调动作或行为的执行者，就用介词“by”引出。 The kite is made by my father.这个风筝是我爸爸制作的。 Grammar 句式 构成 肯定句形式 主语＋am／is／are＋过去分词+by...)... 否定句形式 主语＋am／is／are＋not＋过去分词（＋by...）... 一般疑问句形式 Am／Is／Are＋主语＋过去分词（+by...）...? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+am/is/are.否定回答：No,主语+isn’t/aren’t或No, I’m not . 特殊疑问句形式 特殊疑问词＋am／is／are＋主语＋过去分词（＋by...）...? 【教材原句】Tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains. 茶树被种植在山坡上。Are the cars made in China？ 这些汽车是中国生产的吗？What is this kind of sweater made of? 这种毛衣是用什么制成的？ Grammar 【难点突破】主动语态变被动语态的步骤： 1．确定主动句的主语、谓语和宾语；2．把主动句里的宾语变为被动句里的主语，若主动句里的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变为主格；3．把谓语变成被动结构“be＋动词的过去分词”，但时态不能改变；4．把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后做宾语，若主语是人称代词，应把主格变成宾格。 主动语态：主语＋谓语＋宾语... 被动语态：主语 +be done +by... Grammar The classroom is cleaned by us every day. We clean the classroom every day. 【注意】①by 短语有时可以省略。【教材原句】People grow tea in Hangzhou.人们在杭州种植茶叶。→Tea is grown (by people) in Hangzhou.茶叶在杭州（被人们）种植。 Grammar ②如果主动句中有两个宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语），可以把其中任意一个变成被动句的主语。My teacher gives me a lot of books.（主动语态） 主语 谓语 间宾 直宾 被动语态： I am given a lot of books by my teacher. A lot of books are given to me by my teacher. 0 5 Writing Writing 单元写作目标 Writing 本单元主题内容为“人与社会”，话题为“中国制造的东西(Things made in China)”，属于说明文的范畴，本单元围绕话题谈论人们身边的各种产品或物品的材质、产地、用途、工艺、制作过程展开，介绍了一些代表中国传统文化的物品,如剪纸、孔明灯、陶艺等，增强学生对“中国制造”的了解。通过学习，学生能够运用目标语言谈论发明创造、民间艺术及文化传承的产地或发源地、产生过程以及其文化意义，能够写一篇关于介绍人们身边产品或物品的作文，提升语言运用能力。本单元通过了解中国的传统工艺品及介绍家乡的特色产品，激发学生爱家乡之情，弘扬中国传统文化，增强学生的民族自豪感，树立社会主义核心观和人文观。 Writing 【写作方法】1.总分总结构。短文通常分为三个部分：第一步，开门见山：介绍自己最喜欢的衣服名称。第二步，详细介绍物品，包括颜色、材质、喜欢的原因以及穿它的场合等。第三步，表达自己的感受。2.人称：一般第三人称来叙述，涉及“我”的想法时，用第一人称。3.时态：时态采用一般现在时为主，涉及过去回忆应用一般过去时。 Writing 【词汇积累】1.以……闻名；为人知晓be known for/be famous for2.过去常常做某事used to do sth 3.据我所知as far as I know4.手工by hand 5.全世界 all over the world6.看见某人正在做某事see sb. doing sth 7.对某事感兴趣be interested in sth. 8.以……闻名；为人知晓 be known for9.不论；无论 no matter Writing 10.避免做某事 avoid doing sth.11.剪纸paper cutting12.由……制作/制成 be made of/from13.在……制作/制造 be made in 14.由某人制造be made by sb 15.环境保护 environmental protection 16.以……闻名；为人知晓 be famous/known for17.据我所知as far as I know 18.手工采摘be picked by hand 19. 把……变成…… turn...into... Writing 【句型积累】1.My favorite ...is...我最爱的......是..... 2.It’s made of silver.....它是银质的吗...? 3.It was made in Japan.它是日本制造的。 4.China is famous for tea.中国因茶而驰名。 5.It has about two thousand years of history.它大约有2000年的历史。 6.If you go to another country,what kinds of things would you buy?如果你去了另外一个国家，你要买哪些种类的东西呢？ 7.It’s red...它是红色的..... Writing 8.Paper cutting has been around for over 1,500 years.中国的剪纸有1500多年的历史了。 9.They can bring good luck to you.他们会给你带来好运。 10.The paper,usually red,is fold before it is cut with scissors.纸通常用红色的，在用剪刀剪之前先折叠。 11.During the Spring Festival,they are put on windows,doors and walls as symbols of wishes for good luck and a happy new year.在春节期间，它们被贴在窗户上、门上、墙上，作为祈求好运和新年快乐的象征。 12.How interesting it is ！它多么有趣！ 13.I think the most interesting art form is paper cutting because it’s beautiful and I like it very much.我认为最有趣的艺术形式是剪纸因为它很漂亮，我非常喜欢。 Writing 【俗语谚语】1."Practice makes perfect." —— 熟能生巧。2."Every cloud has a silver lining." 乌云背后有银边（困境中总有一线希望）。3."Actions speak louder than words." —— 行动胜于言语。4."Rome wasn't built in a day." 罗马不是一天建成的（成功需要时间和努力）。5."A friend in need is a friend indeed." —— 患难见真情。6."Don't judge a book by its cover." —— 不要以貌取人。7."Where there's a will, there's a way." —— 有志者事竟成。8."All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy." —— 只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。9."An apple a day keeps the doctor away." —— 一天一苹果，医生远离我。10."Easy come, easy go." —— 来得容易去得快（轻易得到的往往不珍惜）。 Writing 【写作任务】最近，某中学生英文杂志“我的家乡”专栏，面向广大读者征文，要求介绍家乡的特色产品。请你写一篇短文向该专栏投稿。 假如你叫李华，来自山东省潍坊市。你的加拿大笔友Marcus得知你市是风筝之乡，他对风筝很感兴趣，于是他给你发来一封电子邮件，想让你给他介绍一些风筝的相关情况。请你根据下面的要点提示给他回复邮件。要点提示：1. 风筝的象征意义； 2. 原材料：竹子、纸或布或塑料(plastic)、细绳(string)；3. 用途：过去用于送信，现在用来娱乐和锻炼。 Writing 【思路点拨】1. 定基调体裁：应用文(邮件)；邮件的主体部分为说明文 时态：介绍事物时用一般现在时 人称：第三人称2. 谋布局、写句子 Writing Writing 3. 巧衔接第一次提到“风筝”时用kites，再次提到时可以用they代替；为了避免重复， in my city在成篇章时可以用here来代替，这都是使用照应手段来使文章衔接的方法 在陈述风筝的意义时可以使用表示原因的连词because，这是使用逻辑纽带的方式使文章衔接的方法。 Writing 4. 成篇章Dear Marcus, How are you doing these days? I'm excited to hear from you. I'd like to tell you something about kites in my city.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Welcome to my city! I hope you will fly a kite here! Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua Writing 5. 化“平凡”为“非凡”People used kites to send a message in the old days. → Kites were used for sending a message in the old days. Writing 答案:2. 谋布局、写句子(1) is famous / known / well-known for its kites(2) An international kite festival is held in my city in April every year(3) Kites are loved / liked / enjoyed by lots of / many / a lot of people(4) they are often painted with colorful drawings(5) kites are used for fun and exercise Writing 【参考范文】Dear Marcus, How are you doing these days? I'm excited to hear from you. I'd like to tell you something about kites in my city. My city, Weifang in Shandong Province, is famous for its kites. An international kite festival is held here in April every year. Kites are loved by lots of people because they rise into the air with people's wishes for a better life. They are usually made of bamboo, paper or cloth or plastic and string. There are all kinds of kites and they are often painted with colorful drawings. And kites here often have special designs. People used kites to send a message in the old days. Today, they are used for fun and exercise.Welcome to my city! I hope you will fly a kite here!Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua 0 6 Exercises Exercises Exercises 1.Lisa______a quiet and shy girl, but now she is outgoing and has many good friends.A.used to be B.was used to be C.used to being D.was used to being2.Diana used to______to work, but now she’s used to_____since the road is crowded.A.drive; walk B.drive; walking C.driving; walk D.driving; walking3.—_____you______to play the guitar? —Yes. But now I play the piano. A.Did; used B.Did; use C.Are; used D.Were; use 4.He________ride a bike. But now he________walking to lose weight.A.used to; is used to B.was used to; is used toC.used to; used to D.is used to; used to 5.While watching the film yesterday, I couldn’t stop laughing at some_________ moments.A.humorous B.challenging C.dangerous D.surprising √ √ √ √ √ Exercises 6.He was_________at first, but soon he opened up and told us about his terrible experiences.A.active B.polite C.natural D.silent7.It_________five years since I last saw Mary in Britain.A.was B.will be C.have been D.has been8.Mary is a shy girl. Her face always_________red when she talks to strangers.A.covers B.rushes C.shows D.turns9.—Where is Mike? —I saw him________with Mr. Smith in the hallway just now.A.to talk B.talking C.talked D.talks10.It rains____these days. Take an umbrella with you when you go out later.A.on time B.in time C.from time to time D.at the same time √ √ √ √ √ Exercises 11.—What is Han Mei like now? —___________.A.She is a volunteer. B.She studies very hard.C.She likes skating. D.She is heavy.12.He is already playing in a band, and he only________playing the guitar a year ago!A.took up B.set up C.put up D.gave up13.These activities________good health. If you are not healthy enough, you can't join in them.A.interview B.review C.influence D.require14.—Can you tell me how I can________the problem?—Sure.You can discuss with your group members.A.give up B.deal with C.find out D.take up15.A number of women teachers____________working in our school. The number of them __________forty.A.is; is B.is; are C.are; is D.are; are √ √ √ √ √ Exercises 16.You can see the_________in our faces when we talk about the great achievements in the past 70 years.A.proud B.pride C.regret D.ability17.My mother often says, “Stand tall like the sunflower and be proud__________who you are.”A.of B.with C.at D.in18.You never give up when in trouble and make great progress, you should take pride __________yourself.A.of B.for C.in D.with19.The Belt and Road will have a great_________on the trade between China and European countries.A.influence B.decision C.conversation D.difference20.—Is Su Ning fit for the task? —Hang on. I'll tell you________what I think of it.A.properly B.correctly C.exactly D.highly √ √ √ √ √ Homework 0 7 Homework Homework Homework Remember the words, expressions and sentences in this unit. Thank you! $