Unit 1 Growing up（易错题专项练习·语法提升）英语外研版三起五年级下册（新教材）

Unit 1 Growing Up 专题02 语法提升·易错题专项训练 高频易错点03 一般过去时基础句型——主谓宾结构 高频易错点01 一般过去时基础句型——主系表结构 高频易错点02 一般过去时基础句型——主谓结构（含情态动词过去式） 高频易错点、易错点提示、小练笔、答题点拨 易错精讲 一般过去时基础句型——主系表结构高频易错点01 主系表结构是描述过去某个时间的状态、特征或身份的核心句型，核心标志是用was/were作系动词，连接主语和表语（形容词、名词、介词短语等）。 结构1：主语（I/he/she/it/单数名词）+ was + 表语 I was four and Chenchen was ten months old.（P5） 我当时四岁，辰辰十个月大。 He was noisy and I was not happy.（P5） 他很吵闹，我不开心。 •结构2：主语（you/we/they/复数名词）+ were + 表语 The past seven days were hard but great.（P6） 过去的七天艰难但很棒。 We were at the summer camp last week.（P6） 我们上周在夏令营。 易错点提示 如何用was还是were？关键看主语的单复数： 1.第一步：锁定句子主语（人/物/名词短语）； 2.第二步：主语单复数——单数主语（I/he/she/it/单个名词）用was； 复数主语（you/we/they/多个名词）用were； 3.否定形式was not = wasn't，were not = weren't。 小练笔 一、单项选择题 ( )1. My sister _______ a student in this school five years ago. 第 1 页 共 14 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 A. was B. were C. is D. are ( )2. —_______ your parents at home last night? —No, they went to visit my grandparents. A. Was B. Were C. Are D. Is ( )3. The park _______ very small ten years ago, but now it's big and beautiful. A. wasn't B. weren't C. was D. were ( )4. I _______ not happy yesterday because I lost my favorite pen. A. was B. were C. am D. are ( )5. Those boys _______ in the classroom just now. They went to the playground. A. was B. were C. weren't D. wasn't 二、语法填空题 1.He _______ (be) a doctor ten years ago. 2.We _______ (be) at the cinema last weekend. 3.The flowers _______ (be) very beautiful yesterday morning. 4.She _______ (be not) tall when she was five years old. 5.—_______ (be) your brother in Beijing last month? —Yes, he _______ (be). 点拨 一、单项选择题 1. A 解析：主语 my sister 是单数名词，一般过去时主系表结构中，单数主语搭配 was。 2. B 解析：主语 your parents 是复数，一般过去时中复数主语搭配 were。 3. C 解析：主语 the park 是单数名词，根据后半句 “现在又大又美” 可知前半句是 “十年前很小”，用肯定形式 was。 4. A 解析：主语是 I，一般过去时中 I 搭配 was。 5. C 解析：主语 those boys 是复数，根据后半句 “他们去操场了” 可知前半句是 “刚才不在教室”，用否定形式 weren't。 二、语法填空题 1. was 解析：主语 he 是单数第三人称，一般过去时用 was。 2. were 解析：主语 we 是复数代词，一般过去时用 were。 3. were 解析：主语 the flowers 是复数名词，一般过去时用 were。 4. wasn't 解析：主语 she 是单数，否定形式为 was not=wasn't。 5. Was; was 解析：主语 your brother 是单数，一般疑问句将 was 提前； 肯定回答用 Yes, he was。 一般过去时基础句型——主谓结构（含情态动词过去式）高频易错点02 主谓结构（含情态动词过去式）是描述过去的能力、客观可能性或允许的句型 主语 + could/couldn't + 动词原形 We could play football together.（P5） 我们可以一起踢足球。 At first, I was not able to do much.（= At first, I couldn't do much.）（P5） 一开始，我能做的不多。 He couldn't run fast, but he could jump high. 他跑不快，但能跳得高 易错点提示 1.共同点：都可表示“过去不能做某事”； 2.不同点：couldn't侧重“客观能力不足”，wasn't/weren't able to侧重“具体情境中未能做到”； 3.关键规则：could后必须接动词原形，不可接过去式（如：不能说could played）。 小练笔 一、单项选择题 ( )1. Lily _______ swim when she was five years old. She learned it from her father. A. could B. can C. couldn't D. can't ( )2. At that time, we _______ finish the work on time because of the heavy rain. A. could B. couldn't C. can D. can't ( )3. My little brother _______ able to ride a bike last year, but he can ride it very well now. A. wasn't B. weren't C. isn't D. aren't ( )4. —_______ you play the piano at the age of six? —No, I _______. But I started to get some training last year. A. Can; can't B. Could; couldn't C. Can; couldn't D. Could; can't ( )5. The girl said she _______ draw a picture of a dog in two minutes. A. could B. could drew C. can D. can draws 二、语法填空题 1. They _______ (can) sing English songs very well when they were in Grade Three. 2. I _______ (can not) play basketball yesterday because my leg was hurt. 3. —_______ (can) your father drive a car ten years ago? —Yes, he _______ (can). 4.The little boy _______ (not be) able to speak clearly when he was one year old. 5.We _______ (can) not find the way to the park last Sunday, so we asked a policeman for help. 点拨 一、单项选择题 1. A 解析：时间状语 when she was five years old 表过去；由 “向爸爸学习” 可知是 “会游泳”，用 can 的过去式 could。 2. B 解析：时间状语 at that time 表过去；“大雨” 是客观阻碍，用 could 的否定式 couldn’t 表示 “过去不能”。 3. A 解析：时间状语 last year 表过去；主语 my little brother 是单数，结合 “现在骑得好” 可知过去 “不会”，用 wasn’t able to。 4. B 解析：时间状语 at the age of six 表过去，一般疑问句用 Could 开头，否定回答用 couldn’t，时态保持一致。 5. A 解析：主句 said 是一般过去时，宾语从句需用过去时态；could 后必须接动词原形。 二、语法填空题 1. could 解析：时间状语 when they were in Grade Three 表过去，can 的过去式为 could。 2. couldn’t 解析：时间状语 yesterday 表过去；can not 的过去式缩写为 couldn’t。 3. Could; could 解析：时间状语 ten years ago 表过去，一般疑问句将 Could 提前，肯定回答用 could。 4. wasn’t 解析：时间状语 when he was one year old 表过去；主语 the little boy 是单数，用 wasn’t able to。 5. couldn’t 解析：时间状语 last Sunday 表过去；can not 的过去式规范形式为 couldn’t，表 “过去不能找到路”。 一般过去时基础句型——主谓宾结构高频易错点03 主谓宾结构是描述过去发生的动作及动作对象的核心句型，用于具体阐述成长中的行为经历。 主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语（名词/代词/不定式等） I helped my friend clean the classroom.（P12） 我帮朋友打扫了教室。 I learnt to play the piano.（P12） 我学会了弹钢琴。 We cooked lunch for ourselves.（P6） 我们为自己做了午饭。 易错点提示 一、 一般过去时变化规则 ①一般情况 → 动词后加-ed: work → worked, walk → walked, talk → talked, clean → cleaned ②以e结尾 → 动词后加-d live → lived ,love → loved ,like → liked ,hope → hoped ,dance → danced ③重读闭音节（辅+元+辅）→ 双写尾字母加-ed stop → stopped ,shop → shopped ,plan → planned ,drop → dropped ④辅音字母+y结尾 → 变y为i加-ed study → studied ,carry → carried ,try → tried ,worry → worried 二、不规则变化： 无固定规则，需单独记忆 例: go → went; eat → ate; do → did 三、 一般过去时关键标志（时间状语） 类别 常见标志词/短语/从句 例句 单词类 yesterday, ago, just now 1. I met her yesterday. 2. He left just now. 短语类 1. last + 时间词 2. 时间段 + ago 3. 其他：the day before yesterday, at that time 1. They visited the museum last month. 2. She came to China five years ago. 3.The car stopped suddenly the day before yesterday. 从句类 when引导的过去时间状语从句 When I was young, I lived in Shanghai. 小练笔 1.I ______ (work) in the garden with my dad yesterday. 2.We ______ (walk) to the zoo the day before yesterday. 3.They ______ (live) in a small village five years ago. 4.She ______ (hope) to get a new book last weekend. 5.The car ______ (stop) suddenly just now. 6.My mother ______ (shop) in the mall last Sunday. 7.Tom ______ (study) Chinese hard at that time. 8.His parents ______ (worry) about his health last night. 9.We ______ (go) to the cinema yesterday afternoon. 10.Lily ______ (eat) a hamburger the day before yesterday. 点拨 1.worked, 由yesterday可知句子是一般过去时，work 属于一般情况，动词后加-ed 2.walked, the day before yesterday 可知句子是一般过去时，walk 属于一般情况，动词后加-ed 3.lived, five years ago 句子是一般过去时，live 是以e结尾的动词，词尾加- d 4.hoped, last weekend 句子是一般过去时，hope 是以e结尾的动词，词尾加- d 5.stopped,just now 句子是一般过去时，stop 是“辅 + 元 + 辅”的重读闭音节动词，双写尾字母-ed 6.shopped, last Sunday 句子是一般过去时，shop 是 “辅+元 +辅”的重读闭音节动词，双写尾字母加-ed 7.studied, at that time 句子是一般过去时，study是以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i加-ed 8.worried, 根据last night句子是一般过去时，worry是以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词，变y为i加-ed 9.went, 根据yesterday afternoon 句子是一般过去时，go 是不规则变化动词，过去式为went 10.ate, the day before yesterday 句子是一般过去时，eat 是不规则变化动词，过去式为ate 综合训练 1、 单项选择 ( )1. My brother often ______ basketball after school. A. play B. plays C. played D. playing ( )2. They ______ to school at 7:30 every morning. A. go B. goes C. went D. going 3. ______ your mother ______ noodles for lunch? A. Do; cook B. Does; cooks C. Does; cook D. Do; cooks 4. Lucy ______ TV every evening. She likes cartoons very much. A. watch B. watches C. watched D. watching 5. We usually ______ homework at home. A. do B. does C. did D. doing 6. —______ does Tom get up? —He gets up at 6:00. A. What B. What time C. How D. Where 7. The sun ______ in the east and sets in the west. A. rise B. rises C. rose D. rising 8. My sister ______ like milk. She likes juice. A. don’t B. doesn’t C. isn’t D. aren’t 9. They often ______ kites in the park on weekends. A. fly B. flies C. flew D. flying 10. —Does he often play football? —______. He likes playing basketball. A. Yes, he does B. No, he doesn’t C. No, he don’t D. Yes, he do 二、 语法填空 1. I ______ (have) breakfast at 7:00 every day. 2. She ______ (wash) her clothes on Sundays. 3. Tom and Jack ______ (go) to school by bike. 4. My father ______ (read) newspapers after dinner. 5. The cat ______ (like) eating fish very much. 6. We often ______ (play) games in the playground. 7. Lily ______ (not do) her homework in the evening. 8. ______ you ______ (clean) your room every week? 9. It ______ (rain) a lot in spring. 10. They ______ (not watch) TV on school days. 三、 写出下列动词的过去式 1. play → ________ 2. live → ________ 3. stop → ________ 4. study → ________ 5. walk → ________ 6. hope → ________ 7. shop → ________ 8. worry → ________ 9. go → ________ 10. eat → ________ 四、 句型转换，按要求改写句子，每空一词。 1. I often read books in the library. (改为一般疑问句) ______ you often ______ books in the library? 2. She does her homework every night. (改为否定句) She ______ ______ her homework every night. 3. Tom watches TV on weekends. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ Tom ______ on weekends? 4. They usually go to the zoo by bus. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ they usually ______ to the zoo? 5. My mother likes cooking. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) —______ your mother ______ cooking? —Yes, ______ ______. 五、 补全短文,用括号内所给动词的适当形式完成短文。 Hello, my name is Amy. I am a student. I 1. ______ (get) up at 6:30 every morning. Then I 2. ______ (brush) my teeth and 3. ______ (wash) my face. I 4. ______ (have) breakfast at 7:00. I usually 5. ______ (go) to school at 7:30. My school 6. ______ (start) at 8:00. We 7. ______ (have) four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon. I 8. ______ (like) English very much. My English teacher 9. ______ (be) Miss Li. She 10. ______ (teach) very well. After school, I often 11. ______ (play) with my classmates. I 12. ______ (go) home at 5:00. I 13. ______ (do) my homework at 6:00. After dinner, I 14. ______ (watch) TV for 30 minutes. Then I 15. ______ (go) to bed at 9:00. 参考答案 一、单项选择 1.B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. B 1.B解析：“often”是一般现在时的标志词，主语“my brother”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，play的第三人称单数是plays。 2.A解析：“every morning”是一般现在时的标志词，主语“they”是复数，谓语动词用原形，故填go。 3.C解析：该句是一般现在时的一般疑问句，主语“your mother”是第三人称单数，助动词用Does，后面的实义动词用原形cook。 4.B解析：“every evening”是一般现在时的标志词，主语“Lucy”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，watch的第三人称单数是watches。 5.A解析：“usually”是一般现在时的标志词，主语“we”是复数，谓语动词用原形，故填do。 6.B解析：答语“at 6:00”是具体时间，对具体时间提问用What time，用于一般现在时的时间疑问句中。 7.B解析：描述客观真理用一般现在时，主语“the sun”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，rise的第三人称单数是rises。 8.B解析：该句是一般现在时的否定句，主语“my sister”是第三人称单数，助动词用doesn’t，后面接动词原形like。 9.A解析：“on weekends”是一般现在时的标志词，主语“they”是复数，谓语动词用原形，故填fly。 10.B解析：问句是一般现在时的一般疑问句，根据答语“他喜欢打篮球”可知是否定回答，主语是he，否定回答用No, he doesn’t。 二、语法填空 1.have 2. washes 3. go 4. reads 5. likes 6. play 7. doesn’t do 8. Do; clean 9. rains 10. don’t watch 1.have解析：“every day”是一般现在时的标志词，主语“I”是第一人称，谓语动词用原形，故填have。 2.washes解析：“on Sundays”是一般现在时的标志词，主语“she”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，wash的第三人称单数是washes。 3.go解析：主语“Tom and Jack”是复数，句子为一般现在时，谓语动词用原形，故填go。 4.reads解析：“after dinner”表示习惯性动作，用一般现在时，主语“my father”是第三人称单数，read的第三人称单数是reads。 5.likes解析：句子描述猫的喜好，用一般现在时，主语“the cat”是第三人称单数，like的第三人称单数是likes。 6.play解析：“often”是一般现在时的标志词，主语“we”是复数，谓语动词用原形，故填play。 7.doesn’t do解析：“in the evening”表示习惯性时间，用一般现在时，主语“Lily”是第三人称单数，否定句用doesn’t，后面的实义动词用原形do。 8.Do; clean解析：“every week”是一般现在时的标志词，主语“you”是第二人称，一般疑问句用助动词Do，后面的实义动词用原形clean。 9.rains解析：描述春天的天气特征，用一般现在时，主语“it”是第三人称单数，rain的第三人称单数是rains。 10.don’t watch解析：“on school days”是一般现在时的标志词，主语“they”是复数，否定句用don’t，后面的实义动词用原形watch。 三、写出下列动词的过去式 1.played 2. lived 3. stopped 4. studied 5. walked 6. hoped 7. shopped 8. worried 9. went 10. ate 1.played解析：play是一般情况的动词，变过去式直接在词尾加-ed。 2.lived解析：live是以e结尾的动词，变过去式直接在词尾加-d。 3.stopped解析：stop是“辅+元+辅”结构的重读闭音节动词，变过去式要双写尾字母p，再加-ed。 4.studied解析：study是以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变过去式要变y为i，再加-ed。 5.walked解析：walk是一般情况的动词，变过去式直接在词尾加-ed。 6.hoped解析：hope是以e结尾的动词，变过去式直接在词尾加-d。 7.shopped解析：shop是“辅+元+辅”结构的重读闭音节动词，变过去式要双写尾字母p，再加-ed。 8.worried解析：worry是以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变过去式要变y为i，再加-ed。 9.went解析：go是不规则变化动词，过去式为went，需要单独记忆。 10.ate解析：eat是不规则变化动词，过去式为ate，需要单独记忆。 四、句型转换 1.Do; read 2. doesn’t do 3. What does; do 4. How do; go 5. Does; like; she does 1.Do; read 解析：原句是一般现在时，主语I变一般疑问句时，要借助助动词Do，后面的实义动词用原形read。 2.doesn’t do 解析：原句是一般现在时，主语she是第三人称单数，变否定句要借助助动词doesn’t，后面的实义动词用原形do。 3.What does; do 解析：划线部分“watches TV”是动作，对动作提问用What，原句是一般现在时，主语Tom是第三人称单数，助动词用does，后面的实义动词用原形do。 4.How do; go 解析：划线部分“by bus”是交通方式，对交通方式提问用How，原句是一般现在时，主语they是复数，助动词用do，后面的实义动词用原形go。 5.Does; like; she does 解析：原句是一般现在时，主语my mother是第三人称单数，变一般疑问句用助动词Does，后面的实义动词用原形like；肯定回答用Yes, she does。 五、补全短文 1.get 2. brush 3. wash 4. have 5. go 6. starts 7. have 8. like 9. is 10. teaches 11. play 12. go 13. do 14. watch 15. go 1.get 解析：“every morning”是一般现在时的标志词，主语“I”是第一人称，谓语动词用原形get。 2.brush 解析：句子描述每天的习惯性动作，用一般现在时，主语“I”是第一人称，谓语动词用原形brush。 3.wash 解析：and连接并列的谓语动词，前面用原形brush，后面也用原形wash，保持时态一致。 4.have 解析：描述每天吃早餐的习惯，用一般现在时，主语“I”是第一人称，谓语动词用原形have。 5.go 解析：“usually”是一般现在时的标志词，主语“I”是第一人称，谓语动词用原形go。 6.starts 解析：句子描述学校的上课时间，用一般现在时，主语“my school”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式starts。 7.have 解析：句子描述每天的课程安排，用一般现在时，主语“we”是复数，谓语动词用原形have。 8.like 解析：句子描述个人喜好，用一般现在时，主语“I”是第一人称，谓语动词用原形like。 9.is 解析：句子描述老师的身份，用一般现在时，主语“my English teacher”是第三人称单数，be动词用is。 10.teaches 解析：句子描述老师的教学能力，用一般现在时，主语“she”是第三人称单数，teach的第三人称单数是teaches。 11.play 解析：“often”是一般现在时的标志词，主语“I”是第一人称，谓语动词用原形play。 12.go 解析：描述每天回家的时间，用一般现在时，主语“I”是第一人称，谓语动词用原形go。 13.do 解析：句子描述每天做作业的习惯，用一般现在时，主语“I”是第一人称，谓语动词用原形do。 14.watch 解析：and连接并列的谓语动词，前面用原形do，后面也用原形watch，保持时态一致。 15.go 解析：句子描述每天睡觉的时间，用一般现在时，主语“I”是第一人称，谓语动词用原形go。 $