Unit 1 Growing up（易错题专项练习·语法提升）英语外研版三起五年级下册（新教材）
Unit 1 Growing Up
专题02 语法提升·易错题专项训练
一般过去时基础句型——主系表结构
主系表结构是描述过去某个时间的状态、特征或身份的核心句型，核心标志是用was/were作系动词，连接主语和表语（形容词、名词、介词短语等）。
结构1：主语（I/he/she/it/单数名词）+ was + 表语
I was four and Chenchen was ten months old.（P5）
我当时四岁，辰辰十个月大。
He was noisy and I was not happy.（P5）
他很吵闹，我不开心。
•结构2：主语（you/we/they/复数名词）+ were + 表语
The past seven days were hard but great.（P6）
过去的七天艰难但很棒。
We were at the summer camp last week.（P6）
我们上周在夏令营。
如何用was还是were？关键看主语的单复数：
1.第一步：锁定句子主语（人/物/名词短语）；
2.第二步：主语单复数——单数主语（I/he/she/it/单个名词）用was；
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复数主语（you/we/they/多个名词）用were；
3.否定形式was not = wasn't，were not = weren't。
一、单项选择题
( )1. My sister _______ a student in this school five years ago.
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A. was
B. were
C. is
D. are
( )2. —_______ your parents at home last night?
—No, they went to visit my grandparents.
A. Was
B. Were
C. Are
D. Is
( )3. The park _______ very small ten years ago, but now it's big and beautiful.
A. wasn't
B. weren't
C. was
D. were
( )4. I _______ not happy yesterday because I lost my favorite pen.
A. was
B. were
C. am
D. are
( )5. Those boys _______ in the classroom just now. They went to the playground.
A. was
B. were
C. weren't
D. wasn't
二、语法填空题
1.He _______ (be) a doctor ten years ago.
2.We _______ (be) at the cinema last weekend.
3.The flowers _______ (be) very beautiful yesterday morning.
4.She _______ (be not) tall when she was five years old.
5.—_______ (be) your brother in Beijing last month?
—Yes, he _______ (be).
点拨 一、单项选择题 1. A 解析：主语 my sister 是单数名词，一般过去时主系表结构中，单数主语搭配 was。 2. B 解析：主语 your parents 是复数，一般过去时中复数主语搭配 were。 3. C 解析：主语 the park 是单数名词，根据后半句 “现在又大又美” 可知前半句是 “十年前很小”，用肯定 |
形式 was。 4. A 解析：主语是 I，一般过去时中 I 搭配 was。 5. C 解析：主语 those boys 是复数，根据后半句 “他们去操场了” 可知前半句是 “刚才不在教室”，用否定形式 weren't。 二、语法填空题 1. was 解析：主语 he 是单数第三人称，一般过去时用 was。 2. were 解析：主语 we 是复数代词，一般过去时用 were。 3. were 解析：主语 the flowers 是复数名词，一般过去时用 were。 4. wasn't 解析：主语 she 是单数，否定形式为 was not=wasn't。 5. Was; was 解析：主语 your brother 是单数，一般疑问句将 was 提前； 肯定回答用 Yes, he was。 |
一般过去时基础句型——主谓结构（含情态动词过去式）
主谓结构（含情态动词过去式）是描述过去的能力、客观可能性或允许的句型
主语 + could/couldn't + 动词原形
We could play football together.（P5）
我们可以一起踢足球。
At first, I was not able to do much.（= At first, I couldn't do much.）（P5）
一开始，我能做的不多。
He couldn't run fast, but he could jump high.
他跑不快，但能跳得高
1.共同点：都可表示“过去不能做某事”；
2.不同点：couldn't侧重“客观能力不足”，wasn't/weren't able to侧重“具体情境中未能做到”；
3.关键规则：could后必须接动词原形，不可接过去式（如：不能说could played）。
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一、单项选择题
( )1. Lily _______ swim when she was five years old. She learned it from her father.
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A. could
B. can
C. couldn't
D. can't
( )2. At that time, we _______ finish the work on time because of the heavy rain.
A. could
B. couldn't
C. can
D. can't
( )3. My little brother _______ able to ride a bike last year, but he can ride it very well now.
A. wasn't
B. weren't
C. isn't
D. aren't
( )4. —_______ you play the piano at the age of six?
—No, I _______. But I started to get some training last year.
A. Can; can't
B. Could; couldn't
C. Can; couldn't
D. Could; can't
( )5. The girl said she _______ draw a picture of a dog in two minutes.
A. could
B. could drew
C. can
D. can draws
二、语法填空题
1. They _______ (can) sing English songs very well when they were in Grade Three.
2. I _______ (can not) play basketball yesterday because my leg was hurt.
3. —_______ (can) your father drive a car ten years ago?
—Yes, he _______ (can).
4.The little boy _______ (not be) able to speak clearly when he was one year old.
5.We _______ (can) not find the way to the park last Sunday, so we asked a policeman for help.
点拨 一、单项选择题 1. A 解析：时间状语 when she was five years old 表过去；由 “向爸爸学习” 可知是 “会游泳”，用 can 的过去式 could。 2. B 解析：时间状语 at that time 表过去；“大雨” 是客观阻碍，用 could 的否定式 couldn’t 表示 “过去不能”。 3. A 解析：时间状语 last year 表过去；主语 my little brother 是单数，结合 “现在骑得好” 可知过去 “不会”，用 wasn’t able to。 4. B 解析：时间状语 at the age of six 表过去，一般疑问句用 Could 开头，否定回答用 couldn’t，时态保持一致。 |
点拨 1.worked, 由yesterday可知句子是一般过去时，work 属于一般情况，动词后加-ed 2.walked, the day before yesterday 可知句子是一般过去时，walk 属于一般情况，动词后加-ed 3.lived, five years ago 句子是一般过去时，live 是以e结尾的动词，词尾加- d 4.hoped, last weekend 句子是一般过去时，hope 是以e结尾的动词，词尾加- d 5.stopped,just now 句子是一般过去时，stop 是“辅 + 元 + 辅”的重读闭音节动词，双写尾字母-ed 6.shopped, last Sunday 句子是一般过去时，shop 是 “辅+元 +辅”的重读闭音节动词，双写尾字母加-ed 7.studied, at that time 句子是一般过去时，study是以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i加-ed 8.worried, 根据last night句子是一般过去时，worry是以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词，变y为i加-ed 9.went, 根据yesterday afternoon 句子是一般过去时，go 是不规则变化动词，过去式为went 10.ate, the day before yesterday 句子是一般过去时，eat 是不规则变化动词，过去式为ate |
一、 单项选择
( )1. My brother often ______ basketball after school.
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A. play
B. plays
C. played
D. playing
( )2. They ______ to school at 7:30 every morning.
A. go
B. goes
C. went
D. going
3. ______ your mother ______ noodles for lunch?
A. Do; cook
B. Does; cooks
C. Does; cook
D. Do; cooks
4. Lucy ______ TV every evening. She likes cartoons very much.
A. watch
B. watches
C. watched
D. watching
5. We usually ______ homework at home.
A. do
B. does
C. did
D. doing
A. What
B. What time
C. How
D. Where
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7. The sun ______ in the east and sets in the west.
A. rise
B. rises
C. rose
D. rising
8. My sister ______ like milk. She likes juice.
A. don’t
B. doesn’t
C. isn’t
D. aren’t
9. They often ______ kites in the park on weekends.
A. fly
B. flies
C. flew
D. flying
10. —Does he often play football?
—______. He likes playing basketball.
A. Yes, he does
B. No, he doesn’t
C. No, he don’t
D. Yes, he do
二、 语法填空
1. I ______ (have) breakfast at 7:00 every day.
2. She ______ (wash) her clothes on Sundays.
3. Tom and Jack ______ (go) to school by bike.
4. My father ______ (read) newspapers after dinner.
5. The cat ______ (like) eating fish very much.
6. We often ______ (play) games in the playground.
7. Lily ______ (not do) her homework in the evening.
8. ______ you ______ (clean) your room every week?
9. It ______ (rain) a lot in spring.
10. They ______ (not watch) TV on school days.
三、 写出下列动词的过去式
1. play → ________
2. live → ________
3. stop → ________
4. study → ________
5. walk → ________
6. hope → ________
7. shop → ________
8. worry → ________
9. go → ________
10. eat → ________