课时精练(6) Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（译林版）

课时精练(六)　Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [基础达标] 维度一　单句语法填空 1．He is always the first person to come (come) and the last one to leave. 2．The teacher left us a lot of problems to solve (solve). 3．He wanted to find a new house to live in． 4．He broke his promise to write (write) to his parents regularly. 5．We students should have the courage to face (face)any difficulty. 6．I ran to the school，only to be told (tell) that I wasn’t admitted by the University. 7．David was too excited at the news to sleep (sleep) last night. 8．He went home to find (find) his old friend George waiting for him. 维度二　完成句子 1．你昨晚准是睡觉晚了，你的眼睛都红了。(must have done) You must have gone to bed late last night. Your eyes are red. 2．这个男孩够大了，可以自己照顾自己。(enough to) The boy is old enough to take care of himself． 3．我匆忙赶到王教授家，却发现他外出了。 I hurried to Professor Wang’s house only to find he was out. (动词不定式作结果状语) 4．他的视力太差了，看不清这么小的字母。(too... to... ) His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. 5．专家让当地人在台风到来时待在家里。 The authorities told the local people to stay inside when the typhoon arrived. (动词不定式作宾语补足语) 6．每个人都为环境保护发挥作用。(play) Everyone has a role to play in protecting the environment． 7．她气得连话都说不出来。(so... as to) She was so angry as to be unable to speak. 8．他没有可以依靠的朋友。(depend) He has no friend to depend on． 维度三　语法与写作 (一)用括号内的基本句型完成下面句子。 1．大多数人都要用完物资了。(run out of) Most of the people were running out of supplies． 2．很少有人的食物和水能支撑一个星期。(动词不定式作定语) Few had enough food and water to last a week． 3．他们向窗外看去，只看到大树倒在街上，到处是水。(动词不定式作结果状语) They looked out of the window，only to find big trees lying across the street and water everywhere． 4．幸运地是，很多人来帮助他们了。(动词不定式作目的状语) Luckily，many people came to help them． (二)运用衔接词把上面的句子合并成一篇40词左右的微型作文。 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Most of the people were running out of supplies and few had enough food and water to last a week. They looked out of the window，only to find big trees lying across the street and water everywhere. However，after a short while，many people came to help them. [素能提升] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Home fires can happen quickly，destroying lives and property，but unlike other disasters，most home fires can be prevented. Read on to learn 4 unexpected home fire dangers. Having old smoke alarms An effective smoke alarm can make much difference when it comes to surviving a house fire. It’s not enough to change the batteries twice a year，but you also need to replace your alarms every decade.“You should test your smoke alarms every month，” says Lorraine Carli，vice president of the National Fire Protection Association.“But also don’t forget to check the dates and replace an alarm that is more than 10 years old.” Leaving the kitchen while you cook One in five Americans admitted leaving food cooking unattended on the stove，found an American Red Cross survey. Walking away from food cooking in the kitchen is a serious fire risk.“The leading cause of home fires is cooking，and the leading cause of those fires is unattended cooking，” says Carli.“If you need to use the stove or oven，be sure to keep an eye on it.” Turning the heat too high when you cook Turning up the heat too high can be deadly，even if you’re in the kitchen while you cook. Kevin Kelley，senior director of the American Red Cross，recommends paying close attention and turning off the burner if you see smoke or grease (油脂) starting to boil while frying food. Having a dirty stove while you cook If your stove is covered with grease，a small kitchen fire can get out of hand quickly. Clean and clear the area around the stove before turning on the heat，or the result will be dangerous. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四种意想不到的家庭火灾及其预防措施。 1．How long should you have a new smoke alarm？ A．2 years. B．10 years. C．12 years. D．8 years. B　[细节理解题。根据Having old smoke alarms中的“It’s not enough to change the batteries twice a year，but you also need to replace your alarms every decade.”可知，一个新的烟雾报警器应该使用十年。故选B项。] 2．What is the leading cause of fires from kitchen？ A．Having a dirty stove. B．Turning the heat too high. C．Having an old alarm. D．Walking away from food cooking. D　[细节理解题。根据Leaving the kitchen while you cook中的“The leading cause of home fires is cooking，and the leading cause of those fires is unattended cooking”可知，厨房起火的主要原因是人们没有待在正在被烹饪的食物旁边。故选D项。] 3．Which of the following is correct？ A．Unexpected home fire dangers can’t be prevented. B．It is advisable to replace your alarms every month. C．Having a dirty stove is dangerous while you cook. D．Kevin Kelley suggests paying no attention to cooking. C　[细节理解题。根据Having a dirty stove while you cook中的“If your stove is covered with grease... or the result will be dangerous.”可知，当你做饭时，有一个脏炉子是危险的。故选C项。] B Over the last two days in December last year，nearly 30 tornadoes caused great damage across six states—from Arkansas in the south to Illinois in the midwest. More than 100 tornado warnings were issued—the most ever for a day. The tornado in Kentucky caused at least 50 people’s deaths，which was described as the worst in this state’s history. As one of the largest countries in the world，the United States is also one of the most geographically various countries—from deserts to forests to miles of coast line. While this comes with many advantages，it unfortunately leaves the country easily damaged by all kinds of natural disasters. Different parts of the United States face different types of natural disasters. The west coast is at risk of wildfires，earthquakes，and even volcanic eruptions. The southern part of the country is frequently hit by tornadoes，and the east coast faces the threat of serious hurricanes every year. Midwestern areas near rivers are often flooded by huge floods，and these are the worst floods in American history. The governments reviewed the weather event in each state’ s history that caused the highest number of deaths to determine the worst natural disaster in every state. Thanks to their location and geographic research，some states made preparations ahead of time to avoid mass-casualty (重大伤亡的) weather events. However，many other parts of the country have been less fortunate，experiencing massive storms and floods. Many such events，like the 1900 hurricane that hit Galveston of Texas，killed so many people that it was impossible to get an exact number of final deaths，especially during that time. American weather continues to become more changeable. In 2018，there were 14 weather events that caused over $1 billion in damage. And in many parts of the country，these weather events could become even more destructive (毁灭性的) because of global warming. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国地理环境多样化，天气多变，常年遭受自然灾害，不同地区遭受不同的自然灾害。 4．What do we know from the figures in Paragraph 1？ A．America suffered from serious natural disasters. B．Tornadoes were the greatest threat to Americans. C．The tornado in Kentucky was the worst in America. D．Less and less natural disasters hit America. A　[推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，文章列举了一些数字说明美国遭受了严重的自然灾害，造成了极大的破坏，故选A。] 5．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about？ A．The worst floods in American history. B．The earthquakes in the west coast of US. C．The hurricanes along the east coast of US. D．The natural disasters in different parts of US. D　[段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，本段主要讲述美国不同地区面临不同类型的自然灾害，故选D。] 6．Which of the following can best describe American’s weather in the future？ A．Controllable. B．Unchangeable. C．Worrying. D．Pleasant. C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，美国的天气多变，可能会变得更具毁灭性。故推知美国未来的天气是令人担心的、不容乐观的，故选C。] 7．What may be the best title for the text？ A．A Serious Tornado in Kentucky B．A Weather Report from the US C．Tornadoes Causing Great Damage D．Common Natural Disasters in the US D　[标题归纳题。根据第二段及第三段内容可知，本文主要介绍美国地理环境多样化，常年遭遇很多自然灾害，并且不同地区常年面临不同的自然灾害。故文章的标题是Common Natural Disasters in the US，故选D。] C Suddenly Uncle Henry stood up.“There’s a cyclone coming，Em，” he called to his wife.“I’ll go to look after the stock.” Then he ran toward the sheds where the cows and horses were kept. Aunt Em dropped her work and came to the door. One glance told her of the danger close at hand.“Quick，Dorothy！” she screamed.“Run for the cellar (地窖)！” Toto jumped out of Dorothy’s arms and hid under the bed，and the girl started to get him. Aunt Em，badly frightened，threw open the trap door in the floor and climbed down the ladder into the small，dark hole. Dorothy caught Toto at last and started to follow her aunt. When she was halfway across the room，there came a great roar from the wind，and the house shook so hard that she lost her footing and sat down suddenly upon the floor. Then a strange thing happened. The house circled around two or three times and rose slowly through the air. Dorothy felt as if she were going up in a balloon. It was very dark，and the wind blew horribly around her，but Dorothy found she was riding quite easily. After the first few twists and turns，and one other time when the house tipped badly，she felt as if she were being rocked gently，like a baby in a cradle. Toto did not like it. He ran about the room，now here，now there，barking loudly; but Dorothy sat quite still on the floor and waited to see what would happen. At last she crawled over the swinging floor to her bed，and lay down upon it; and Toto followed and lay down beside her. In spite of the swinging of the house and the crying of the wind，Dorothy soon closed her eyes and fell fast asleep. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了龙卷风来临时的场景，展现了小女孩多萝西面对危险时的镇静坦然。 8．What does the underlined word “cyclone” in Paragraph 1 probably mean？ A．Hurricane. B．Flood. C．Monster. D．Earthquake. A　[词义猜测题。根据第三段“The house circled around ... ”可知，房子被吹起来了，周围有可怕的风，可推断这是一场飓风来临时的景象，可猜测第一段“There’s a cyclone coming，Em”中的cyclone就是下文描写的龙卷风；hurricane意为“龙卷风”，与cyclone同义。故选A项。] 9．Why did Aunt Em go into the hole in the floor when the cyclone approached？ A．To find the puppy Toto. B．To find shelter from the cyclone. C．To protect their fortune. D．To get tools to help Henry. B　[推理判断题。根据第二段“One glance told her of the danger close at hand.‘Quick，Dorothy！’ she screamed.‘Run for the cellar (地窖)！’”可知，当时龙卷风已经临近，危险马上到来，结合常识可知，地窖可以作为躲避龙卷风的一个场所，所以可推断艾米婶婶进地窖是为了躲避龙卷风。故选B项。] 10．Which of the following is true about Dorothy？ A．She managed to control the house. B．She found herself flying in a balloon. C．She turned baby crying loudly. D．She remained undisturbed with Toto. D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“At last she crawled over the swinging floor... ”可知，龙卷风对多萝西和托托并没有什么影响，她甚至很快入睡了。故选D项。] 11．Which word can best describe Dorothy in the emergency？ A．Frightened. B．Curious. C．Calm. D．Excited. C　[ 推理判断题。根据第三段“she felt as if she were being rocked gently，like a baby in a cradle.”及“but Dorothy sat quite still on the floor and waited to see what would happen”可知，多萝西面对龙卷风很平静；再结合最后一段多萝西的表现可知，多萝西不受龙卷风影响，依然平静地睡着了，可推断多萝西面对龙卷风非常镇静。故选C项。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Mountains of smoke and fire Deep under the Earth’s surface，it’s so hot that even rock melts. Sometimes this molten rock，called “magma”，is pushed up to the surface.　1　 And the opening or vent that lets the lava out is a volcano. A volcano may explode violently，throwing out rocks for miles around.　2　Some volcanoes release clouds of poisonous gas or huge clouds of ash. Volcanoes can even do all these things underwater. Most volcanoes have been around for a very long time. Many haven’t erupted for years and have cooled off. Volcanoes that are not going to erupt again are called “dead volcanoes”．Some volcanoes still give off smoke. These “sleeping volcanoes” may “wake up” one day and erupt again.　3　 But one day in AD 79 it suddenly woke up. Its eruption threw out hot ash and rocky fragments (碎片) that buried the city of Pompeii. A hot mud-flow buried nearby Herculaneum. Because the remains are so well preserved，the area has been named a World Heritage site. But not all volcanoes are destructive. When a volcano throws out vast amounts of lava and debris (岩屑)，it piles up into a mountain.　4　 Other volcanoes help provide heat and energy. Many Icelandic homes get their hot water from springs heated by volcanic steam.　5　 Plants grow very well in the rich soil left by volcanoes. And valuable gems，such as diamonds，can sometimes be found in the rocks that are thrown out by volcanoes. A．At this point it is referred to as “lava”． B．The molten rock is formed inside the Earth. C．This steam can also be used to produce electricity. D．Mount Vesuvius in Italy slept for a thousand years. E．Or it may push lava out so that it flows away，cools and hardens. F．Japan has many active volcanoes within its narrow national territory. G．The Hawaiian Islands and the island of Iceland were created in this way. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火山及其爆发的相关情况，同时指出，并非所有火山喷发都具有毁灭性。 1．A　[根据下句中的“the lava”，说明在设空处要提到lava。A项中的“at this point”承接上句中的“is pushed up to the surface”，故选A。] 2．E　[ 本段描述火山喷发的景象，上句火山喷发violently，E项则描述较为缓和的景象flow away，承接上句，构成并列关系，or表示选择，故选E。] 3．D　[ 根据下句的But，说明设空处内容和woke up相反；同时下句的it要在设空处出现所指内容，故选D。] 4．G　[本段描述部分火山喷发后堆积成山，不流动，所以不具有毁灭性。G项中的“were created in this way”照应了上句的“piles up into a mountain”，故选G。] 5．C　[ 本段描述火山喷发带来的好处。C项中的“this steam”照应上句的“volcanic steam”。故选C。] Ⅲ.语法填空 I felt lucky to go on a cultural tour to two sites of lost civilisations—Pompeii in Italy and Loulan in China. Pompeii was founded in the 8th century BC．Then it 1．________ (take) over by the Romans in 89 BC．Later，a volcano erupted and covered Pompeii with ash (灰).2．________ (unfortunate)，many people were buried alive and so was the city. It was forgotten for many years until the 8th century when a farmer discovered a stone with writing on it. People started to dig in the area for treasures and had some of them 3．________ (destroy).Thus，in 1860，the area was put under government 4．________ (protect) so it could be preserved and studied. Differently，Loulan，5．________ (know) as China’s Pompeii in the desert (沙漠)，is believed to have been gradually covered by sandstorms from AD 200 6．________ AD 400.Around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven Hedin discovered the 7．________ (ruin) of the Loulan Kingdom. Interestingly，there was 8．________ ancient water system that ran through the middle of the city. The desert was once a green land with huge trees，but they were cut down，9．________ resulted in the city being buried by sand. They were both important commercial (商业的) cities about 2，000 years ago. 10．________ was a pity that they disappeared forever. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了已经消失的古文明——意大利的庞贝古城和中国的楼兰。 1．解析：　was taken　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语，此处Pompeii和take over之间是被动关系，根据时间状语“in 89 BC”可知，用一般过去时态，且主语是第三人称单数，故填was taken。 2．解析：　Unfortunately　考查词性转换。此处用副词unfortunately修饰整个句子，意为“不幸的是”，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填Unfortunately。 3．解析：　destroyed　考查非谓语动词。have sth. done，意为“让某事被做”，some of them和destroy是被动关系，应用动词的过去分词形式。故填destroyed。 4．解析：　protection　考查词性转换。由前面的介词under可知，此处需要名词作介词的宾语，从而构成介词短语，名词protection意为“保护”，故填protection。 5．解析：　known　考查非谓语动词。Loulan与know之间是被动关系，此处用过去分词短语作后置定语，be known as意为“被认为是……”，故填 known。 6．解析：　to　考查介词。固定搭配from... to... ，表示“从……到……”。故填 to 。 7．解析：　ruins　考查名词的单复数。ruins表示“遗址”时用复数。故填ruins。 8．解析：　an　考查冠词。there be句型表示“有……”时，其后跟的主语常表示泛指而不是特指，system为单数可数名词，且ancient的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。 9．解析：　which　考查定语从句。根据句意可知，所填词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是空前面的整个句子，故填which。 10．解析：　It　考查代词。此处it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。It was a pity that... 表示“遗憾的是……”，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填It 。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $