专题02 普通类 & 实验研究类说明文概要写作写法详解（复习讲义）（上海专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦普通类与实验研究类说明文概要写作核心考点，依据“现象/定义-原因/特点-对策/影响”等逻辑框架构建知识体系，通过考情精解、知能架构、考点攻坚三模块，结合题型解读、技巧指导、模板句型及真题典例剖析，帮助学生系统掌握信息提炼与逻辑整合方法，突破概要写作难点。 讲义以“抓骨架剥血肉”思维建模提升学生思维品质，通过实验研究类“目的-方法-结果-结论”逻辑链训练强化语言能力，设计典例剖析与分层语篇训练，确保学生精准提炼要点与规范表达，为教师提供清晰复习路径，有效提升学生应考效率与复习针对性。

专题02 普通类 & 实验研究类说明文概要写作写法详解 目录 01 析·考情精解 2 02 构·知能架构 3 03 破·考点攻坚 4 考点一 普通类说明文概要写作 4 知识点1 题型解读 5 知识点2 写作技巧 6 知识点3 写作模板及句型 6 考点二 实验研究类说明文概要写作 12 知识点1 题型解读 12 知识点2 写作技巧 12 知识点3 写作模板及句型 13 26年各区一模命题透视 1. 题材聚焦：以现实热点、生活实用、社会议题为主，涵盖环保（汞污染、蓝蟹入侵）、科技（AI 艺术、AI 虚假记忆）、心理健康（讨好型人格、社交媒体心理、冒险恐惧）、生活方式（胶囊衣柜、睡眠瘫痪）、育儿（高强度育儿）等； 2. 体裁偏好：说明文占主导（约 12/16 篇），议论文为辅（4/16 篇），均逻辑严谨； 3. 结构特征：多采用 “现象 / 定义 - 原因 / 特点 - 对策 / 影响”“观点 - 论据 - 结论” 的清晰逻辑框架； 4. 内容特点：贴近时代，兼具知识性与实用性，部分文章含具体案例（如余女士社交媒体经历），需提炼核心而非复述实例。 26年各区一模考点总结 · 1. 核心能力：精准提炼主旨、分论点及关键细节（如原因、结果、建议），剔除冗余例证； · 2. 逻辑要求：理清并列、因果、转折等关系，整合信息无逻辑断层（如 “问题 - 对策”“优势 - 风险” 的衔接）； · 3. 语言规范：控制字数在 60 词内，简洁凝练，优先使用同义替换与简洁句式（同位语、分词短语、状语从句）； · 4. 术语处理：准确保留或简洁转化专业术语（如 trawling/dredging、fawning、capsule wardrobe），不篡改核心概念。 2026高考 命题预测 1. 题材趋势：继续聚焦社会热点（环保、科技伦理）、心理健康、生活实用技能、个人成长，可能新增 “文化传承”“数字化生活” 相关话题； 2. 体裁分布：说明文仍占主导，议论文占比或略有提升，注重观点的辩证性（如 “AI 的双面性”“社交媒体的利弊”）； 3. 结构侧重：“问题 - 原因 - 对策”“现象 - 影响 - 建议” 类逻辑框架仍是重点，可能增加多重逻辑交织的文章（如 “原因 + 优势 + 风险”）； 4. 考点强化：核心要点提炼的精准度、逻辑整合的连贯性、语言表达的简洁性仍是核心，可能更侧重对 “隐含逻辑”（如案例背后的观点）的概括能力。 考点一 普通类说明文概要写作 思维建模 “抓骨架（主旨 + 关键逻辑），剥血肉（次要细节）” 说明文（Exposition）写作抓住关键句：文章第一段和各段第一句。说明文体的阅读材料内容大致可以分为以下几类： 现象揭示类：The article points out the common phenomenon—(主题)，which…(补充解释) 利弊对比类：The article compares the disadvantages/benefits of A and B. A…while B…The passage discusses the impact of sth./On the positive side,…, but it may also… 研究显示类：The study reveals that…; The purpose of the report is to show that… 说明文概要写作模板 说明文：phenomenon / problem + reason + solution (cause and effect), introduction of an object (how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it new or significant) 说明文类概要写作的核心是 “抓住原文的‘骨架’（主旨 + 关键逻辑），剥离‘血肉’（次要细节）”。备考时需先熟悉不同类型说明文的结构特点，针对性训练信息提取和语言重构能力，同时注重逻辑连贯和客观准确，通过刻意练习形成稳定的解题流程，才能在考试中高效完成任务。 （一）题型解读 1. 题型特点 文本类型：上海高考英语说明文概要写作通常涉及对某一现象、问题或对象的介绍、分析和说明。说明文的类型由其核心写作目的决定，不同类型的说明文结构、逻辑和核心信息点不同，概要写作的侧重点也随之差异。常见类型包括： （1）. 解释说明型（Explanatory/Descriptive Exposition） 核心目的：解释某一概念、事物、现象的定义、特征、性质或功能（如 “什么是人工智能”“光合作用的原理”）。 文本特点：常以 “定义 + 细节” 结构展开，先明确说明对象，再从分类、特征、构成、作用等角度细化描述。 概要要点：需提炼 “说明对象的核心定义”+“最关键的 2-3 个特征 / 性质 / 功能”，无需保留次要细节（如举例中的具体案例）。 示例：原文解释 “区块链技术”，概要需涵盖 “区块链是一种分布式数据库”+“核心特征：去中心化、不可篡改、透明性”。 （2）. 比较对比型（Compare and Contrast Exposition） 核心目的：分析两个或多个事物（概念、现象、观点等）的异同（如 “传统教育与在线教育的对比”“两种环保政策的优劣”）。 文本特点：结构通常有两种 ——“逐点对比”（先讲 A 的某特征，再讲 B 的对应特征）或 “整体对比”（先整体讲 A，再整体讲 B，最后总结异同）。 概要要点：需明确 “对比对象”+“核心对比维度”（如功能、效果、适用场景等）+“主要相同点和不同点”，避免陷入细节对比。 示例：原文对比 “猫和狗作为宠物的差异”，概要需涵盖 “对比对象：猫、狗”+“核心维度：互动方式、饲养难度”+“不同点：猫更独立，狗更依赖；狗饲养成本更高”。 （3）. 因果分析型（Cause and Effect Exposition） 核心目的：阐释某一现象的原因（“为什么”）或结果（“会怎样”），或两者结合（如 “全球变暖的成因与影响”“青少年近视率上升的原因”）。 文本特点：常以 “结果→原因” 或 “原因→结果” 为逻辑链，可能包含 “主要原因 / 结果” 和 “次要原因 / 结果”，部分会提及 “因果链”（A 导致 B，B 导致 C）。 概要要点：需提炼 “核心现象”+“最关键的 1-2 个原因”+“最直接的 1-2 个结果”，忽略次要因果或复杂推导过程。 示例：原文分析 “城市交通拥堵的原因”，概要需涵盖 “现象：城市交通拥堵”+“主要原因：私家车激增、道路规划不合理”。 （4）. 问题解决型（Problem-Solution Exposition） 核心目的：提出某一问题，分析其影响，进而给出解决方案（如 “如何减少塑料污染”“青少年心理健康问题的应对措施”）。 文本特点：结构为 “问题→影响→解决方案”，问题部分会说明严重性，解决方案可能包含 “具体措施” 和 “预期效果”。 概要要点：需提炼 “核心问题”+“问题的主要影响”+“最可行的 1-2 个解决方案”，无需保留解决方案的细节（如实施步骤）。 示例：原文讨论 “校园霸凌问题”，概要需涵盖 “问题：校园霸凌频发”+“影响：受害者心理创伤、校园氛围恶化”+“解决方案：加强心理干预、建立匿名举报机制”。 （5）. 过程描述型（Process/How-to Exposition） 核心目的：说明某一事件的操作步骤、发展过程或流程（如 “如何制作咖啡”“地震的形成过程”）。 文本特点：以时间或逻辑顺序（第一步→第二步→…）展开，步骤间有明确衔接（如 “first, then, finally”）。 概要要点：需提炼 “核心过程 / 操作的目的”+“关键步骤（合并重复或次要步骤）”+“最终结果”，无需保留步骤中的细节（如具体工具、时间）。 示例：原文说明 “电子邮件发送流程”，概要需涵盖 “目的：实现信息远程传递”+“关键步骤：撰写内容→输入收件地址→点击发送→服务器传输”+“结果：收件人接收邮件”。 2. 常见主题 现象揭示类：介绍某种常见现象及其影响。 利弊对比类：分析某一事物的优缺点。 研究显示类：基于研究结果进行说明。 （二）写作步骤与技巧 写作技巧点拨： 概要写作的核心要求是 “准确（忠于原文）、简洁（去除冗余）、客观（无个人观点）”，备考需围绕这三点展开，结合说明文的逻辑特点针对性训练： 1. 先 “解构原文”：精准定位核心信息 找主题句（Topic Sentence）：说明文的主旨通常在首段（总起句）或末段（总结句），段落内部的主题句多在段首（少数在段尾）。例如，比较对比型的主题句可能是 “X 和 Y 在 A 和 B 方面既有相似也有差异”，因果型可能是 “Z 现象由 A 和 B 导致，进而引发 C 和 D”。 划逻辑信号词：根据说明文类型，标记逻辑词以区分主次信息。 解释说明型：“define, refer to, namely, such as”（抓定义和特征）； 比较对比型：“like, unlike, similarly, in contrast, on the other hand”（抓异同点）； 因果型：“because, so, as a result, due to, lead to”（抓原因和结果）； 问题解决型：“problem, issue, however, solution, suggest”（抓问题和方案）； 过程型：“first, next, then, finally, step, process”（抓关键步骤）。 筛除次要信息：原文中的举例（for example）、数据（具体数字）、形容词（修饰性描述）、重复内容等，若不影响核心逻辑，可在概要中省略。 2. 再 “重构语言”：简洁客观地表达 用同义替换（Paraphrase）：避免直接抄袭原文句子，通过同义词、句型转换（如主动变被动、从句变短语）改写。例如，原文 “Pollution affects human health” 可改为 “Human health is impacted by pollution”。 压缩长句：将复杂句（如多从句）简化为简单句或短语。例如，“The reason why many people prefer online shopping is that it is convenient and time-saving” 可压缩为 “Online shopping is preferred for its convenience and time-efficiency”。 保持客观语气：概要需完全基于原文，不可加入 “in my opinion”“I think” 等个人观点，也不可夸大或缩小原文信息（如原文说 “可能导致”，不可写成 “必然导致”）。 3. 注重 “逻辑连贯”：确保结构清晰 按原文逻辑排序：概要的信息顺序需与原文一致（如过程型按步骤顺序，因果型按 “原因→结果” 顺序），避免打乱逻辑链。 用衔接词串联：适当使用过渡词（如 however, therefore, in addition）使句子间衔接自然，例如对比型概要可加 “while”“whereas”，因果型可加 “thus”“consequently”。 写作步骤： 1. 通读全文，梳理结构 略读：快速浏览文章，明确文章的主旨和结构。 划分段落：根据文章结构，划分出不同部分，找出每段的中心句。 2. 提炼要点，去次留精 提取关键信息：提取每段的中心思想和主要支持点，忽略细节。 关键词汇：关注文章中的关键词汇，帮助概括主要内容。 3. 组织语言，简洁表达 使用简单句：尽量使用简单句和短句，避免复杂句式。 合理转换表达：用同义词或短语替换原文中的关键词，但要保持原意。 连贯性：使用适当的连接词（如“and”“but”“then”等）使内容连贯。 4. 检查核对，确保准确 核对要点：检查是否遗漏了关键信息。 语法检查：确保句子结构正确，时态一致。 字数控制：严格控制在60字左右。 （三）模板及句型 核心原则 聚焦 说明对象 + 核心特征 / 功能 / 原理 / 用途，剔除具体案例、数据、举例等次要信息，保持客观说明语气。 写作模板 步骤 写作内容 句式示例 1. 点明说明对象及属性 明确文章介绍的事物 / 现象 / 概念 The passage mainly introduces [说明对象], which is a kind of [属性，如 tool/natural phenomenon]. 2. 阐述核心特征 / 原理 / 功能 概括 2-3 个关键特点或工作原理 Firstly, [特征 1]. Besides, it also has the function of [功能 2]. What’s more, its working principle lies in [原理]. 3. 总结说明价值 / 应用场景 说明该对象的意义或适用范围 In general, [说明对象] plays an important role in [应用场景] and brings great convenience to [相关人群]. 常用句型句式 引出说明对象 1. This article gives a detailed introduction to [说明对象], including its definition and main characteristics. 2. The passage is intended to explain what [说明对象] is and how it works in our daily life. 3. As is mentioned in the text, [说明对象] is widely used for its unique advantage of [优势]. 介绍特征 / 原理 / 功能 1. One of the most obvious features of [说明对象] is that ... 1. Different from [同类事物], it has the ability to [特殊功能]. 1. The basic principle of [说明对象] is that it can convert [A] into [B] through [途径]. 总结价值 / 意义 1. To sum up, [说明对象] is of great value to [领域] due to its [核心优势]. 1. In conclusion, the passage shows us that [说明对象] is essential for [相关需求] and deserves our attention. 注意事项 · 时态：以一般现在时为主，描述客观属性和原理。 · 语言：避免使用比喻、拟人等修辞，保持科学严谨。 【典例剖析】 The Beneficial Effects of Forest Fires Forest fires are undoubtedly a threat. In the mid-1900s, all forest burns were considered undesirable, and firefighters responded to all of these fires whether or not they were burning close to where humans lived. This approach to forest fires was both expensive and risky. However, more recently forest managers began to see that forest fires did have benefits. Foresters saw that forest fires were beneficial for trees and soil. Previously, people believed that forest fires caused irreparable damage to trees; however, now forest managers know that trees are the major beneficiaries of fires. Many naturally occurring forest fires, often caused by lightning strikes, are surface fires that burn the understory — the shrubs and herbs from the forest — without damaging the trees in the overstory. In this way, the fire eliminates competition from the smaller trees, allowing the larger trees to flourish. Once the understory has been burned away, the forest is less likely to burn from high-temperature fires that can do real damage to the tall trees. In the past, it was not obvious how forest fires enriched the soil. Today, foresters understand that forest fires improve soil quality by changing the ‘litter’ — dead leaves and branches on the forest floor — to nutrient-rich soil. Normally, litter decomposes very slowly. However, fire releases the nutrients in the litter immediately. This creates an increase in the amount of phosphorus and potassium which are key elements that promote tree growth. As forest managers have learned more about the long-term effects of forest fires, they have realized that forest fires can have beneficial effects and have changed their forest management practices to reflect this new opinion. It is now recognized that forest fires are a natural part of forest ecosystems and are beneficial to the trees and soil. As long as fires are no threat to homes and communities, foresters now often choose to do nothing to stop the fires. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【文章导读】 本文是一篇普通类说明文，围绕森林火灾的益处展开说明。文章先对比过去人们对森林火灾 “全盘扑灭” 的态度，再从促进树木生长和改善土壤质量两个核心角度，阐述森林火灾的积极作用，最后指出森林管理者因此调整管理策略，认可火灾是森林生态系统的自然组成部分。 一、 读懂原文，明确篇章结构 本文采用 “对比过去 - 现在 + 分点论证 + 总结观点” 的说明文结构： 1. 第 1 段：引出话题 —— 过去认为所有森林火灾都有害，消防员会全部扑灭，这种做法成本高且有风险；如今管理者发现火灾对树木和土壤有益。 2. 第 2 段：分论点 1—— 火灾利于树木生长：地表火清除下层植被，减少大树的竞争压力，同时避免高强度大火对高大树木造成损害。 3. 第 3 段：分论点 2—— 火灾改善土壤质量：高温加速枯枝落叶分解，快速释放磷、钾等养分，为树木生长提供充足营养。 4. 第 4 段：总结全文 —— 管理者更新管理理念，承认火灾是森林生态的自然环节，在不威胁人类生活时会选择放任火灾燃烧。 二、 去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1 forest fires, once undesirable, put out all fires, expensive, risky; now beneficial to trees and soil 2 surface fires, eliminate understory competition, large trees flourish, prevent high-temperature fires 3 litter→nutrient-rich soil, release phosphorus & potassium, promote tree growth 4 change management practices, natural part of ecosystem, no threat to humans→let fires burn 三、 归纳要点，合理转换表达 1. 背景对比：Forest fires were once fully put out at high cost, but now their benefits are recognized. 2. 树木益处：Surface fires clear understory plants, helping big trees grow and avoiding harmful high-temperature fires. 3. 土壤益处：Fires turn forest litter into nutrient-rich soil quickly, releasing phosphorus and potassium for tree growth. 4. 策略转变：Managers now let fires burn when they don’t threaten human communities. 四、 句式多样，注意过渡衔接 · 使用 but 体现过去与现在对森林火灾态度的转折，增强逻辑对比。 · 使用 not only...but also... 串联火灾对树木和土壤的双重益处，精简句子结构。 · 使用 when 引导时间状语从句，说明管理者放任火灾的前提条件，让表达更严谨。 考点二 实验研究类说明文概要写作 思维建模 实验研究报告类写作注意事项 ①实验研究目的介绍，要简洁明了，它不但反映该项研究的核心问题，而且应能引起读者对报告的兴趣与注意，并注意采用读者感兴趣的措辞。 ②研究方法的介绍，主要包括在研究对象的取样和选择，研究因素的实施与控制、资料的收集与处理、研究方法的介绍。如果涉及到一些专业性的概念语或者是说法，则应注意用词的准确性。 ③研究结果的呈现是研究报告的实质部分。在研究报告中，既要重视定量分析，更要注重定性分析，要把定性与定量的分析综合起来，从量的变化当中揭示事物的本质属性。 ④研究结果的讨论，有时候说明该研究的意义及运用；有时候或指出该研究的不足之处和局限性；或提出一些改进的研究的建议，或是提出一些个人的看法、想法和思考，以有待进一步研究等。 （一）题型解读 1. 题型特点 文本类型：实验研究报告类文体通常围绕某一实验或研究展开，包括研究背景、目的、方法、结果和结论。 上海高考英语中的实验研究报告类文体概要写作，重点考查考生对这类具有科学性、逻辑性较强文本的理解与概括能力。 2. 常见主题 研究发现类：介绍某项研究的主要发现和结论。 实验过程类：描述实验的具体过程和结果。 问题解决类：通过实验研究提出问题的解决方案。 （二）写作步骤与技巧 · 通读全文，明晰研究目的与背景 · 梳理实验关键要素（如：实验对象、实验方法与步骤） · 提取核心实验结果与结论 · 转换表达，合理精简内容 · 整合内容，注重逻辑连贯 （三）模板及句型 核心原则 紧扣 实验逻辑链（目的→对象→方法→结果→结论），省略实验器材、操作步骤等细节，突出核心实验过程与结论。 写作模板 步骤 写作内容 句式示例 1. 点明实验目的及对象 说明实验要验证的假设或研究的问题 The experiment is designed to test whether [实验假设] or to study the relationship between [A and B]. 2. 简述实验方法 / 过程 概括分组、变量控制等核心操作 The researchers divided [实验对象] into two groups: the experimental group which [处理方式], and the control group which [对比处理]. 3. 说明实验结果及结论 陈述实验数据反映的现象和最终结论 The results showed that [实验现象 / 数据结果]. Therefore, the researchers concluded that [实验结论]. 常用句型句式 引出实验目的 1. The purpose of the experiment mentioned in the passage is to find out how [因素] affects [实验对象]. 2. In order to explore [研究问题], a team of scientists carried out an experiment on [实验对象]. 3. The experiment aims to confirm the theory that [理论假设]. 描述实验过程 1. First, the researchers selected [实验对象] and divided them randomly into [数量] groups. 1. During the experiment, [变量] was controlled while [其他因素] was changed to observe the difference. 1. After [时间 / 操作], the data were collected and analyzed carefully by the team. 呈现结果与结论 1. The findings indicated that there was a significant difference between [实验组] and [对照组]. 1. According to the data, [具体结果]. As a result, the hypothesis that [原假设] was proved to be true/false. 1. Finally, the researchers drew the conclusion that [核心结论] and suggested that [后续建议]. 注意事项 · 时态：实验过程用一般过去时，实验结论用一般现在时（客观真理）。 · 逻辑：使用 firstly, then, finally, therefore 等连接词，梳理实验逻辑。 【典例剖析】 Kangaroos can “talk” to us Kangaroos can “talk” to people, according to a new study. The report is the first research of its kind to be done on marsupials—a type of creature whose young get carried in skin pockets on their mother’s body. It suggests kangaroos are cleverer than previously thought. Researchers from the University of Roehampton in the UK and the University of Sydney in Australia tested kangaroos at the Australian Reptile (爬行动物) Park, Wildlife Sydney Zoo and Kangaroo Protection Co-operative. The scientists put food in a box that the kangaroos could not open, and waited to see what the animals would do. Rather than giving up, 10 out of the 11 kangaroos actively looked at the person who had put the food in the box and then looked at the box. The researchers said this could be interpreted as the kangaroos requesting help to open the container. Dr Alexandra Green, a co-author of the study, told The Guardian newspaper that some of the kangaroos actually approached the person and started scratching (挠) and sniffing (嗅) him, then looked back at the box. “So they were really trying to communicate,” Green said. This behaviour is not uncommon in animals. However, it is usually only seen in domesticated animals, such as pets or farm animals. The lead author of the study, Dr Alan McElligott, explained, “Through this study, we were able to see that communication between creatures can be learnt and that the behaviour of looking at humans to access food is not related to domestication. “Indeed, kangaroos showed a very similar pattern of behaviour we have seen in dogs, horses and even goats, when put to the same test,” he added. It is hoped that the study will give people a more positive attitude towards kangaroos, which are sometimes seen as harmful creatures that damage farmers’ crops. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，事实证明袋鼠比我们想象的更聪明，它们有能力与人类交流。在测试中，面对难以接近的食物，袋鼠和驯养的动物一样，会求助于使用肢体语言的人。这些发现刷新了科学家对袋鼠行为的理解，可能改善了我们对袋鼠的认知。 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 本文为 “总 - 分 - 总” 结构。首段提出新研究表明袋鼠能 “与人交流”，且比之前认为的更聪明。中间两段详细描述研究过程及袋鼠的行为表现，说明袋鼠这种交流行为并非仅存于家养动物。尾段指出希望该研究能让人们对袋鼠有更积极的态度。 第1段：引出研究发现——袋鼠能够与人类“交流”。 第2段：描述实验过程及结果，袋鼠通过眼神交流请求帮助。 第3段：研究者对袋鼠行为的解释，强调这种行为并非仅限于家养动物。 第4段：总结研究的意义，希望改变人们对袋鼠的看法。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1.研究发现 ①kangaroos，talk to people，marsupials 2.实验过程 ②University of Roehampton，Australian Reptile Park，food in a box 3.研究者解释 ③Alexandra Green，scratching，sniffing，domestication 4.总结意义 ④positive attitude，harmful creatures 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 第1段：A new study shows that kangaroos can “talk” to humans. （一项新研究表明袋鼠能够与人类“交流”。） 第2段：Researchers tested kangaroos with a food box they couldn’t open, and the animals looked at humans for help. （研究人员用一个袋鼠无法打开的盒子测试袋鼠，袋鼠会看向人类寻求帮助。） 第3段：The study shows that this kind of communication is not just seen in domesticated animals. （研究表明这种交流行为并非仅限于家养动物。） 第4段：The study aims to change people’s negative views of kangaroos. （该研究旨在改变人们对袋鼠的负面看法。） 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 用 “and” 连接关于研究性质和袋鼠聪明程度的表述。用 “Most” 具体说明袋鼠的行为比例。用 “Similar to” 引出与其他动物行为的相似性。最后用 “The study hopes” 表明研究目的。 【语篇训练】 Passage 1【来源】上海市徐汇区上海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期练习英语试题 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Save the Sink There are portents (凶兆) of a longer-term and faster decline of the land carbon sink. For instance, the global forest carbon sink has steadily declined since 2001, mainly due to deforestation. In 2023 and 2024, wildfires further reduced the forest sink to its lowest point in two decades, fuelling feedback cycles that accelerate climate change. “We’re seeing this happening right before our eyes and faster than we thought it would,” says Rose. If the land carbon sink does vanish in the not-so-distant future, the consequences for climate action would be profound. Most countries depend on their sinks to meet emissions promises under the Paris Agreement that aims to keep long-term global warming to a 1.5℃ threshold. So, losing the sinks earlier than expected would mean emissions have to decline more rapidly elsewhere. In Europe, for instance, a sudden decline in the forest carbon sink over the past few years — a perfect storm of overharvesting in the aftermath of drought, heat and insect outbreaks — has put the bloc far off track to meet its 2030 emissions targets. The good news is that there are effective ways to save the sink, or slow down its death. A climate ecologist says the most important steps are to protect, restore and manage ecosystems, in that order. If existing forests were left to grow undisturbed, a maximum potential uptake of 228 billion tonnes of carbon as they reach full maturity over decades — equivalent to about a third of our cumulative carbon emissions to date. Another 87 billion tonnes could be captured by restoring forests in places where they once grew. Beyond this, better management of ecosystems could enhance the land carbon sink by several billion tonnes each year. This involves avoiding monster wildfires by conducting prescribed burns, rolling out climate-friendly farming practices like cover cropping, and more sustainable harvesting of trees. If we want to hold onto the unexpected gift of a land carbon sink then we must stop “removing the allies that we have”, says Zohner — and try to keep growth ahead of death just a little bit longer. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2【来源】上海市闵行区七宝中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷 Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. The Rise of Artificial Intelligence and the Decline of Truth Spreading convincing misinformation once required great effort, but today a smartphone and generative AI can create fake photos, cloned voices, and videos that misrepresent events. While warnings about social media’s power to mislead are not new, AI has intensified the danger by making false content easier to produce and harder to detect. As a result, people now question whether what they see and hear is real, with genuine recordings dismissed as fake and fabricated ones appearing convincingly true. Fake content made by AI is already common. Many fake images show clear signs of AI generation, such as strange body shapes or unnatural faces, but these clues are easy to overlook. As the technology improves, such imperfections will become harder to spot. With so much fake content spreading, some people now use the existence of AI as an excuse to doubt even genuine information. The effects of this technology can be very serious. For example, the U. S. Federal Trade Commission has warned that cheaters can now copy a person’s voice to pretend to be a family member and trick people into sending money. In schools, some teens have already been caught creating and sharing fake images of classmates using AI tools. Despite these harmful uses, the technology is also being packaged as a consumer product. For instance, some smartphones now have advanced editing tools that can change faces in photos or even remove people completely. Not everyone thinks public access to AI will make misinformation worse. Some say there has always been more online content than people can handle. Yet this perspective is hardly comforting. Trust in institutions and experts is already at historic lows. As Hany Farid, a specialist in investigating digital evidence, observes: “If you don’t trust me and I don’t trust you, how do we respond to climate change, or have fair and open elections?” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3【来源】上海市徐汇区上海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期练习三英语试题 Sweetness: The Silent Killer in Disguise Imagine starting your day with a flavored yogurt, sipping soda at lunch, and ending with a “healthy” granola bar. You’d be shocked to learn these daily choices may contain over 50g of added sugar — far exceeding the WHO’s recommended 25g limit. This unconscious intake is just the first step toward a chain of health risks, as excessive sugar disrupts our bodies in ways we often ignore. Sugar’s most immediate threat lies in its metabolic disruption. When consumed in excess, fructose (果糖) overloads the liver, converting into fat and triggering insulin (胰岛素) resistance. This process not only raises blood sugar levels but also lays the groundwork for type 2 diabetes, as confirmed by Harvard research linking high-sugar diets to a 26% higher diabetes risk. Beyond metabolism, sugar wages war on the heart. A study in JAMA Internal Medicine revealed that adults consuming 25% of calories from sugar faced three times the risk of heart-related death. Sugar irritates blood vessels, raises “bad” cholesterol (LDL), and speeds up artery hardening. Research from the University of California shows that drinking just one sugary drink daily increases heart disease risk by 20%. New research shows how sugar harms the brain. UCLA studies found that diets high in sugar make the hippocampus smaller, which weakens memory and learning. Sugar addiction works like drug addiction, causing strong sugar cravings that take over clear thinking. A 2025 Neuroscience study found that sugar consumption potentially causes memory problems, restlessness and shorter attention spans. Breaking free requires mindful choices: check labels for hidden sugars, replace sodas with flavored water, and enjoy fruits’ natural sweetness. Simple changes, such as picking dark chocolate over candy, can help. Every spoonful of sugar is a decision — choose wisely for your health’s future. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 4【来源】上海市敬业中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试题 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Why People Watch Sports On a weekend afternoon, millions of people sit before screens or gather in stadiums, their hearts rising and falling with every goal, every swing, every shout. To an outsider, this passion might seem puzzling — after all, the result changes nothing about their own lives. Yet for those watching, the experience feels deeply real, even necessary. Part of the appeal lies in emotion. Sports compress the drama of life into a few exciting hours, offering joy, tension, relief, and sometimes heartbreak—all without lasting harm. A match can stir the same chemical reactions as adventure or love, releasing energy that makes spectators feel vividly alive. The emotional rollercoaster is not chaos but a kind of shared rhythm that binds people together. That sense of connection is what keeps fans returning. Sitting among strangers who cheer for the same team, or chatting online with distant supporters, we become part of a temporary community that breaks the boundaries of daily life. Victories and losses alike strengthen this invisible bond, giving fans the warmth of belonging and the comfort of shared identity. Research suggests that these moments matter. Studies in England and Belgium have found that people who regularly watch or attend sporting events tend to feel less lonely and more satisfied with life. Even those who follow games on TV often describe a lift in mood and motivation, as if each match renews their sense of participation in the wider world. Beyond the excitement, sports offer stories — of discipline, courage, and persistence — that mirror the struggles of ordinary people. Watching athletes push limits or recover from failure reminds us what effort and hope can achieve. Sometimes, when the crowd falls silent just before a decisive play, time itself seems to pause. In that breathless space between hope and outcome, every spectator feels the same heartbeat — a quiet reminder of how deeply alive we are. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 5【来源】2025 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Art Gallery Visits The lasting rainy winter is a season that feels heavy with depression. Luckily, I have a way to escape from the winter blues — visiting art galleries. Engaging with art closely, particularly in winter, is a life enhancer and a relief from loneliness, sadness, and frustration. When viewing things we find beautiful, activity in the pleasure and reward centres of the brain goes up. So when I don't have the time, or energy to take on challenging new themes in the gallery, I return to the comfort of my favourites: the blue in David Hockney's swimming pool, Agnes Martin's faint, delicate lines, or John Constable's cloudy Brighton summers. The comforting properties of these artworks are best experienced during winter. And did you know that even on the busiest of days, in the busiest galleries, there is potential for mindfulness? Mindfulness is hard to catch for me — my head feels like a mix of shopping lists, decade-old angers, and random song bits I can't name, but time spent in a gallery is the closest I get to being truly present. Part of this is down to "slow looking”, the practice of taking time to really absorb an artwork rather than giving it a glance, reading the accompanying description, having another quick look and moving on. The experience can be powerful and informative. Often, I visit galleries alone to gather my thoughts. I just want the company of form, colour, material. But sometimes I'll take my daughter. To me, joy was walking her and watching as her eyes widened in curiosity, tiny fingers pointing: "Do you see what I see?” Telling her: "Yes ... but also no.” That we all see these things in a different way is such an important lesson that reaches into every part of our lives. Remembering that perception is personal is precious for me. This knowledge keeps me in a good state. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司6 / 31 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 普通类 & 实验研究类说明文概要写作写法详解 目录 01 析·考情精解 2 02 构·知能架构 3 03 破·考点攻坚 4 考点一 普通类说明文概要写作 4 知识点1 题型解读 5 知识点2 写作技巧 6 知识点3 写作模板及句型 6 考点二 实验研究类说明文概要写作 12 知识点1 题型解读 12 知识点2 写作技巧 12 知识点3 写作模板及句型 13 26年各区一模命题透视 1. 题材聚焦：以现实热点、生活实用、社会议题为主，涵盖环保（汞污染、蓝蟹入侵）、科技（AI 艺术、AI 虚假记忆）、心理健康（讨好型人格、社交媒体心理、冒险恐惧）、生活方式（胶囊衣柜、睡眠瘫痪）、育儿（高强度育儿）等； 2. 体裁偏好：说明文占主导（约 12/16 篇），议论文为辅（4/16 篇），均逻辑严谨； 3. 结构特征：多采用 “现象 / 定义 - 原因 / 特点 - 对策 / 影响”“观点 - 论据 - 结论” 的清晰逻辑框架； 4. 内容特点：贴近时代，兼具知识性与实用性，部分文章含具体案例（如余女士社交媒体经历），需提炼核心而非复述实例。 26年各区一模考点总结 · 1. 核心能力：精准提炼主旨、分论点及关键细节（如原因、结果、建议），剔除冗余例证； · 2. 逻辑要求：理清并列、因果、转折等关系，整合信息无逻辑断层（如 “问题 - 对策”“优势 - 风险” 的衔接）； · 3. 语言规范：控制字数在 60 词内，简洁凝练，优先使用同义替换与简洁句式（同位语、分词短语、状语从句）； · 4. 术语处理：准确保留或简洁转化专业术语（如 trawling/dredging、fawning、capsule wardrobe），不篡改核心概念。 2026高考 命题预测 1. 题材趋势：继续聚焦社会热点（环保、科技伦理）、心理健康、生活实用技能、个人成长，可能新增 “文化传承”“数字化生活” 相关话题； 2. 体裁分布：说明文仍占主导，议论文占比或略有提升，注重观点的辩证性（如 “AI 的双面性”“社交媒体的利弊”）； 3. 结构侧重：“问题 - 原因 - 对策”“现象 - 影响 - 建议” 类逻辑框架仍是重点，可能增加多重逻辑交织的文章（如 “原因 + 优势 + 风险”）； 4. 考点强化：核心要点提炼的精准度、逻辑整合的连贯性、语言表达的简洁性仍是核心，可能更侧重对 “隐含逻辑”（如案例背后的观点）的概括能力。 考点一 普通类说明文概要写作 思维建模 “抓骨架（主旨 + 关键逻辑），剥血肉（次要细节）” 说明文（Exposition）写作抓住关键句：文章第一段和各段第一句。说明文体的阅读材料内容大致可以分为以下几类： 现象揭示类：The article points out the common phenomenon—(主题)，which…(补充解释) 利弊对比类：The article compares the disadvantages/benefits of A and B. A…while B…The passage discusses the impact of sth./On the positive side,…, but it may also… 研究显示类：The study reveals that…; The purpose of the report is to show that… 说明文概要写作模板 说明文：phenomenon / problem + reason + solution (cause and effect), introduction of an object (how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it new or significant) 说明文类概要写作的核心是 “抓住原文的‘骨架’（主旨 + 关键逻辑），剥离‘血肉’（次要细节）”。备考时需先熟悉不同类型说明文的结构特点，针对性训练信息提取和语言重构能力，同时注重逻辑连贯和客观准确，通过刻意练习形成稳定的解题流程，才能在考试中高效完成任务。 （一）题型解读 1. 题型特点 文本类型：上海高考英语说明文概要写作通常涉及对某一现象、问题或对象的介绍、分析和说明。说明文的类型由其核心写作目的决定，不同类型的说明文结构、逻辑和核心信息点不同，概要写作的侧重点也随之差异。常见类型包括： （1）. 解释说明型（Explanatory/Descriptive Exposition） 核心目的：解释某一概念、事物、现象的定义、特征、性质或功能（如 “什么是人工智能”“光合作用的原理”）。 文本特点：常以 “定义 + 细节” 结构展开，先明确说明对象，再从分类、特征、构成、作用等角度细化描述。 概要要点：需提炼 “说明对象的核心定义”+“最关键的 2-3 个特征 / 性质 / 功能”，无需保留次要细节（如举例中的具体案例）。 示例：原文解释 “区块链技术”，概要需涵盖 “区块链是一种分布式数据库”+“核心特征：去中心化、不可篡改、透明性”。 （2）. 比较对比型（Compare and Contrast Exposition） 核心目的：分析两个或多个事物（概念、现象、观点等）的异同（如 “传统教育与在线教育的对比”“两种环保政策的优劣”）。 文本特点：结构通常有两种 ——“逐点对比”（先讲 A 的某特征，再讲 B 的对应特征）或 “整体对比”（先整体讲 A，再整体讲 B，最后总结异同）。 概要要点：需明确 “对比对象”+“核心对比维度”（如功能、效果、适用场景等）+“主要相同点和不同点”，避免陷入细节对比。 示例：原文对比 “猫和狗作为宠物的差异”，概要需涵盖 “对比对象：猫、狗”+“核心维度：互动方式、饲养难度”+“不同点：猫更独立，狗更依赖；狗饲养成本更高”。 （3）. 因果分析型（Cause and Effect Exposition） 核心目的：阐释某一现象的原因（“为什么”）或结果（“会怎样”），或两者结合（如 “全球变暖的成因与影响”“青少年近视率上升的原因”）。 文本特点：常以 “结果→原因” 或 “原因→结果” 为逻辑链，可能包含 “主要原因 / 结果” 和 “次要原因 / 结果”，部分会提及 “因果链”（A 导致 B，B 导致 C）。 概要要点：需提炼 “核心现象”+“最关键的 1-2 个原因”+“最直接的 1-2 个结果”，忽略次要因果或复杂推导过程。 示例：原文分析 “城市交通拥堵的原因”，概要需涵盖 “现象：城市交通拥堵”+“主要原因：私家车激增、道路规划不合理”。 （4）. 问题解决型（Problem-Solution Exposition） 核心目的：提出某一问题，分析其影响，进而给出解决方案（如 “如何减少塑料污染”“青少年心理健康问题的应对措施”）。 文本特点：结构为 “问题→影响→解决方案”，问题部分会说明严重性，解决方案可能包含 “具体措施” 和 “预期效果”。 概要要点：需提炼 “核心问题”+“问题的主要影响”+“最可行的 1-2 个解决方案”，无需保留解决方案的细节（如实施步骤）。 示例：原文讨论 “校园霸凌问题”，概要需涵盖 “问题：校园霸凌频发”+“影响：受害者心理创伤、校园氛围恶化”+“解决方案：加强心理干预、建立匿名举报机制”。 （5）. 过程描述型（Process/How-to Exposition） 核心目的：说明某一事件的操作步骤、发展过程或流程（如 “如何制作咖啡”“地震的形成过程”）。 文本特点：以时间或逻辑顺序（第一步→第二步→…）展开，步骤间有明确衔接（如 “first, then, finally”）。 概要要点：需提炼 “核心过程 / 操作的目的”+“关键步骤（合并重复或次要步骤）”+“最终结果”，无需保留步骤中的细节（如具体工具、时间）。 示例：原文说明 “电子邮件发送流程”，概要需涵盖 “目的：实现信息远程传递”+“关键步骤：撰写内容→输入收件地址→点击发送→服务器传输”+“结果：收件人接收邮件”。 2. 常见主题 现象揭示类：介绍某种常见现象及其影响。 利弊对比类：分析某一事物的优缺点。 研究显示类：基于研究结果进行说明。 （二）写作步骤与技巧 写作技巧点拨： 概要写作的核心要求是 “准确（忠于原文）、简洁（去除冗余）、客观（无个人观点）”，备考需围绕这三点展开，结合说明文的逻辑特点针对性训练： 1. 先 “解构原文”：精准定位核心信息 找主题句（Topic Sentence）：说明文的主旨通常在首段（总起句）或末段（总结句），段落内部的主题句多在段首（少数在段尾）。例如，比较对比型的主题句可能是 “X 和 Y 在 A 和 B 方面既有相似也有差异”，因果型可能是 “Z 现象由 A 和 B 导致，进而引发 C 和 D”。 划逻辑信号词：根据说明文类型，标记逻辑词以区分主次信息。 解释说明型：“define, refer to, namely, such as”（抓定义和特征）； 比较对比型：“like, unlike, similarly, in contrast, on the other hand”（抓异同点）； 因果型：“because, so, as a result, due to, lead to”（抓原因和结果）； 问题解决型：“problem, issue, however, solution, suggest”（抓问题和方案）； 过程型：“first, next, then, finally, step, process”（抓关键步骤）。 筛除次要信息：原文中的举例（for example）、数据（具体数字）、形容词（修饰性描述）、重复内容等，若不影响核心逻辑，可在概要中省略。 2. 再 “重构语言”：简洁客观地表达 用同义替换（Paraphrase）：避免直接抄袭原文句子，通过同义词、句型转换（如主动变被动、从句变短语）改写。例如，原文 “Pollution affects human health” 可改为 “Human health is impacted by pollution”。 压缩长句：将复杂句（如多从句）简化为简单句或短语。例如，“The reason why many people prefer online shopping is that it is convenient and time-saving” 可压缩为 “Online shopping is preferred for its convenience and time-efficiency”。 保持客观语气：概要需完全基于原文，不可加入 “in my opinion”“I think” 等个人观点，也不可夸大或缩小原文信息（如原文说 “可能导致”，不可写成 “必然导致”）。 3. 注重 “逻辑连贯”：确保结构清晰 按原文逻辑排序：概要的信息顺序需与原文一致（如过程型按步骤顺序，因果型按 “原因→结果” 顺序），避免打乱逻辑链。 用衔接词串联：适当使用过渡词（如 however, therefore, in addition）使句子间衔接自然，例如对比型概要可加 “while”“whereas”，因果型可加 “thus”“consequently”。 写作步骤： 1. 通读全文，梳理结构 略读：快速浏览文章，明确文章的主旨和结构。 划分段落：根据文章结构，划分出不同部分，找出每段的中心句。 2. 提炼要点，去次留精 提取关键信息：提取每段的中心思想和主要支持点，忽略细节。 关键词汇：关注文章中的关键词汇，帮助概括主要内容。 3. 组织语言，简洁表达 使用简单句：尽量使用简单句和短句，避免复杂句式。 合理转换表达：用同义词或短语替换原文中的关键词，但要保持原意。 连贯性：使用适当的连接词（如“and”“but”“then”等）使内容连贯。 4. 检查核对，确保准确 核对要点：检查是否遗漏了关键信息。 语法检查：确保句子结构正确，时态一致。 字数控制：严格控制在60字左右。 （三）模板及句型 核心原则 聚焦 说明对象 + 核心特征 / 功能 / 原理 / 用途，剔除具体案例、数据、举例等次要信息，保持客观说明语气。 写作模板 步骤 写作内容 句式示例 1. 点明说明对象及属性 明确文章介绍的事物 / 现象 / 概念 The passage mainly introduces [说明对象], which is a kind of [属性，如 tool/natural phenomenon]. 2. 阐述核心特征 / 原理 / 功能 概括 2-3 个关键特点或工作原理 Firstly, [特征 1]. Besides, it also has the function of [功能 2]. What’s more, its working principle lies in [原理]. 3. 总结说明价值 / 应用场景 说明该对象的意义或适用范围 In general, [说明对象] plays an important role in [应用场景] and brings great convenience to [相关人群]. 常用句型句式 引出说明对象 1. This article gives a detailed introduction to [说明对象], including its definition and main characteristics. 2. The passage is intended to explain what [说明对象] is and how it works in our daily life. 3. As is mentioned in the text, [说明对象] is widely used for its unique advantage of [优势]. 介绍特征 / 原理 / 功能 1. One of the most obvious features of [说明对象] is that ... 1. Different from [同类事物], it has the ability to [特殊功能]. 1. The basic principle of [说明对象] is that it can convert [A] into [B] through [途径]. 总结价值 / 意义 1. To sum up, [说明对象] is of great value to [领域] due to its [核心优势]. 1. In conclusion, the passage shows us that [说明对象] is essential for [相关需求] and deserves our attention. 注意事项 · 时态：以一般现在时为主，描述客观属性和原理。 · 语言：避免使用比喻、拟人等修辞，保持科学严谨。 【典例剖析】 The Beneficial Effects of Forest Fires Forest fires are undoubtedly a threat. In the mid-1900s, all forest burns were considered undesirable, and firefighters responded to all of these fires whether or not they were burning close to where humans lived. This approach to forest fires was both expensive and risky. However, more recently forest managers began to see that forest fires did have benefits. Foresters saw that forest fires were beneficial for trees and soil. Previously, people believed that forest fires caused irreparable damage to trees; however, now forest managers know that trees are the major beneficiaries of fires. Many naturally occurring forest fires, often caused by lightning strikes, are surface fires that burn the understory — the shrubs and herbs from the forest — without damaging the trees in the overstory. In this way, the fire eliminates competition from the smaller trees, allowing the larger trees to flourish. Once the understory has been burned away, the forest is less likely to burn from high-temperature fires that can do real damage to the tall trees. In the past, it was not obvious how forest fires enriched the soil. Today, foresters understand that forest fires improve soil quality by changing the ‘litter’ — dead leaves and branches on the forest floor — to nutrient-rich soil. Normally, litter decomposes very slowly. However, fire releases the nutrients in the litter immediately. This creates an increase in the amount of phosphorus and potassium which are key elements that promote tree growth. As forest managers have learned more about the long-term effects of forest fires, they have realized that forest fires can have beneficial effects and have changed their forest management practices to reflect this new opinion. It is now recognized that forest fires are a natural part of forest ecosystems and are beneficial to the trees and soil. As long as fires are no threat to homes and communities, foresters now often choose to do nothing to stop the fires. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【文章导读】 本文是一篇普通类说明文，围绕森林火灾的益处展开说明。文章先对比过去人们对森林火灾 “全盘扑灭” 的态度，再从促进树木生长和改善土壤质量两个核心角度，阐述森林火灾的积极作用，最后指出森林管理者因此调整管理策略，认可火灾是森林生态系统的自然组成部分。 一、 读懂原文，明确篇章结构 本文采用 “对比过去 - 现在 + 分点论证 + 总结观点” 的说明文结构： 1. 第 1 段：引出话题 —— 过去认为所有森林火灾都有害，消防员会全部扑灭，这种做法成本高且有风险；如今管理者发现火灾对树木和土壤有益。 2. 第 2 段：分论点 1—— 火灾利于树木生长：地表火清除下层植被，减少大树的竞争压力，同时避免高强度大火对高大树木造成损害。 3. 第 3 段：分论点 2—— 火灾改善土壤质量：高温加速枯枝落叶分解，快速释放磷、钾等养分，为树木生长提供充足营养。 4. 第 4 段：总结全文 —— 管理者更新管理理念，承认火灾是森林生态的自然环节，在不威胁人类生活时会选择放任火灾燃烧。 二、 去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1 forest fires, once undesirable, put out all fires, expensive, risky; now beneficial to trees and soil 2 surface fires, eliminate understory competition, large trees flourish, prevent high-temperature fires 3 litter→nutrient-rich soil, release phosphorus & potassium, promote tree growth 4 change management practices, natural part of ecosystem, no threat to humans→let fires burn 三、 归纳要点，合理转换表达 1. 背景对比：Forest fires were once fully put out at high cost, but now their benefits are recognized. 2. 树木益处：Surface fires clear understory plants, helping big trees grow and avoiding harmful high-temperature fires. 3. 土壤益处：Fires turn forest litter into nutrient-rich soil quickly, releasing phosphorus and potassium for tree growth. 4. 策略转变：Managers now let fires burn when they don’t threaten human communities. 四、 句式多样，注意过渡衔接 · 使用 but 体现过去与现在对森林火灾态度的转折，增强逻辑对比。 · 使用 not only...but also... 串联火灾对树木和土壤的双重益处，精简句子结构。 · 使用 when 引导时间状语从句，说明管理者放任火灾的前提条件，让表达更严谨。 · 概要写作参考答案（60 词左右） 01 Forest fires were once completely put out at high cost, but now their benefits are found. They clear understory plants to help big trees grow and turn litter into nutrient-rich soil, releasing key nutrients. Thus, managers let fires burn when they pose no threat to humans. 02 Contrary to people’s expectations, forest fires benefit trees and soil. They help remove the understory, decreasing the risk of high-temperature fires and enabling tall trees to grow better. Thanks to forest fires, litter turns into fertile soil by releasing many significant elements, helping trees to grow. So, now foresters often let the fire burn if it doesn’t threaten human habitation. (58 words) 考点二 实验研究类说明文概要写作 思维建模 实验研究报告类写作注意事项 ①实验研究目的介绍，要简洁明了，它不但反映该项研究的核心问题，而且应能引起读者对报告的兴趣与注意，并注意采用读者感兴趣的措辞。 ②研究方法的介绍，主要包括在研究对象的取样和选择，研究因素的实施与控制、资料的收集与处理、研究方法的介绍。如果涉及到一些专业性的概念语或者是说法，则应注意用词的准确性。 ③研究结果的呈现是研究报告的实质部分。在研究报告中，既要重视定量分析，更要注重定性分析，要把定性与定量的分析综合起来，从量的变化当中揭示事物的本质属性。 ④研究结果的讨论，有时候说明该研究的意义及运用；有时候或指出该研究的不足之处和局限性；或提出一些改进的研究的建议，或是提出一些个人的看法、想法和思考，以有待进一步研究等。 （一）题型解读 1. 题型特点 文本类型：实验研究报告类文体通常围绕某一实验或研究展开，包括研究背景、目的、方法、结果和结论。 上海高考英语中的实验研究报告类文体概要写作，重点考查考生对这类具有科学性、逻辑性较强文本的理解与概括能力。 2. 常见主题 研究发现类：介绍某项研究的主要发现和结论。 实验过程类：描述实验的具体过程和结果。 问题解决类：通过实验研究提出问题的解决方案。 （二）写作步骤与技巧 · 通读全文，明晰研究目的与背景 · 梳理实验关键要素（如：实验对象、实验方法与步骤） · 提取核心实验结果与结论 · 转换表达，合理精简内容 · 整合内容，注重逻辑连贯 （三）模板及句型 核心原则 紧扣 实验逻辑链（目的→对象→方法→结果→结论），省略实验器材、操作步骤等细节，突出核心实验过程与结论。 写作模板 步骤 写作内容 句式示例 1. 点明实验目的及对象 说明实验要验证的假设或研究的问题 The experiment is designed to test whether [实验假设] or to study the relationship between [A and B]. 2. 简述实验方法 / 过程 概括分组、变量控制等核心操作 The researchers divided [实验对象] into two groups: the experimental group which [处理方式], and the control group which [对比处理]. 3. 说明实验结果及结论 陈述实验数据反映的现象和最终结论 The results showed that [实验现象 / 数据结果]. Therefore, the researchers concluded that [实验结论]. 常用句型句式 引出实验目的 1. The purpose of the experiment mentioned in the passage is to find out how [因素] affects [实验对象]. 2. In order to explore [研究问题], a team of scientists carried out an experiment on [实验对象]. 3. The experiment aims to confirm the theory that [理论假设]. 描述实验过程 1. First, the researchers selected [实验对象] and divided them randomly into [数量] groups. 1. During the experiment, [变量] was controlled while [其他因素] was changed to observe the difference. 1. After [时间 / 操作], the data were collected and analyzed carefully by the team. 呈现结果与结论 1. The findings indicated that there was a significant difference between [实验组] and [对照组]. 1. According to the data, [具体结果]. As a result, the hypothesis that [原假设] was proved to be true/false. 1. Finally, the researchers drew the conclusion that [核心结论] and suggested that [后续建议]. 注意事项 · 时态：实验过程用一般过去时，实验结论用一般现在时（客观真理）。 · 逻辑：使用 firstly, then, finally, therefore 等连接词，梳理实验逻辑。 【典例剖析】 Kangaroos can “talk” to us Kangaroos can “talk” to people, according to a new study. The report is the first research of its kind to be done on marsupials—a type of creature whose young get carried in skin pockets on their mother’s body. It suggests kangaroos are cleverer than previously thought. Researchers from the University of Roehampton in the UK and the University of Sydney in Australia tested kangaroos at the Australian Reptile (爬行动物) Park, Wildlife Sydney Zoo and Kangaroo Protection Co-operative. The scientists put food in a box that the kangaroos could not open, and waited to see what the animals would do. Rather than giving up, 10 out of the 11 kangaroos actively looked at the person who had put the food in the box and then looked at the box. The researchers said this could be interpreted as the kangaroos requesting help to open the container. Dr Alexandra Green, a co-author of the study, told The Guardian newspaper that some of the kangaroos actually approached the person and started scratching (挠) and sniffing (嗅) him, then looked back at the box. “So they were really trying to communicate,” Green said. This behaviour is not uncommon in animals. However, it is usually only seen in domesticated animals, such as pets or farm animals. The lead author of the study, Dr Alan McElligott, explained, “Through this study, we were able to see that communication between creatures can be learnt and that the behaviour of looking at humans to access food is not related to domestication. “Indeed, kangaroos showed a very similar pattern of behaviour we have seen in dogs, horses and even goats, when put to the same test,” he added. It is hoped that the study will give people a more positive attitude towards kangaroos, which are sometimes seen as harmful creatures that damage farmers’ crops. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，事实证明袋鼠比我们想象的更聪明，它们有能力与人类交流。在测试中，面对难以接近的食物，袋鼠和驯养的动物一样，会求助于使用肢体语言的人。这些发现刷新了科学家对袋鼠行为的理解，可能改善了我们对袋鼠的认知。 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 本文为 “总 - 分 - 总” 结构。首段提出新研究表明袋鼠能 “与人交流”，且比之前认为的更聪明。中间两段详细描述研究过程及袋鼠的行为表现，说明袋鼠这种交流行为并非仅存于家养动物。尾段指出希望该研究能让人们对袋鼠有更积极的态度。 第1段：引出研究发现——袋鼠能够与人类“交流”。 第2段：描述实验过程及结果，袋鼠通过眼神交流请求帮助。 第3段：研究者对袋鼠行为的解释，强调这种行为并非仅限于家养动物。 第4段：总结研究的意义，希望改变人们对袋鼠的看法。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1.研究发现 ①kangaroos，talk to people，marsupials 2.实验过程 ②University of Roehampton，Australian Reptile Park，food in a box 3.研究者解释 ③Alexandra Green，scratching，sniffing，domestication 4.总结意义 ④positive attitude，harmful creatures 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 第1段：A new study shows that kangaroos can “talk” to humans. （一项新研究表明袋鼠能够与人类“交流”。） 第2段：Researchers tested kangaroos with a food box they couldn’t open, and the animals looked at humans for help. （研究人员用一个袋鼠无法打开的盒子测试袋鼠，袋鼠会看向人类寻求帮助。） 第3段：The study shows that this kind of communication is not just seen in domesticated animals. （研究表明这种交流行为并非仅限于家养动物。） 第4段：The study aims to change people’s negative views of kangaroos. （该研究旨在改变人们对袋鼠的负面看法。） 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 用 “and” 连接关于研究性质和袋鼠聪明程度的表述。用 “Most” 具体说明袋鼠的行为比例。用 “Similar to” 引出与其他动物行为的相似性。最后用 “The study hopes” 表明研究目的。 概要写作答案（60词左右） A new study shows kangaroos can communicate with humans, suggesting they are more intelligent than previously thought. Researchers tested kangaroos by putting food in an unopenable box. Most kangaroos looked at the person and box and some showed clear communication attempts, seemingly asking for help., similar to domesticated animals like dogs and horses.The study hopes to help people view kangaroos more positively. （62words） A new study shows that kangaroos can “talk” to humans. Researchers tested kangaroos with a food box they couldn’t open, and the animals looked at humans for help. The study shows that this kind of communication is not just seen in domesticated animals. The study aims to change people’s negative views of kangaroos. （59words） 【语篇训练】 Passage 1【来源】上海市徐汇区上海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期练习英语试题 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Save the Sink There are portents (凶兆) of a longer-term and faster decline of the land carbon sink. For instance, the global forest carbon sink has steadily declined since 2001, mainly due to deforestation. In 2023 and 2024, wildfires further reduced the forest sink to its lowest point in two decades, fuelling feedback cycles that accelerate climate change. “We’re seeing this happening right before our eyes and faster than we thought it would,” says Rose. If the land carbon sink does vanish in the not-so-distant future, the consequences for climate action would be profound. Most countries depend on their sinks to meet emissions promises under the Paris Agreement that aims to keep long-term global warming to a 1.5℃ threshold. So, losing the sinks earlier than expected would mean emissions have to decline more rapidly elsewhere. In Europe, for instance, a sudden decline in the forest carbon sink over the past few years — a perfect storm of overharvesting in the aftermath of drought, heat and insect outbreaks — has put the bloc far off track to meet its 2030 emissions targets. The good news is that there are effective ways to save the sink, or slow down its death. A climate ecologist says the most important steps are to protect, restore and manage ecosystems, in that order. If existing forests were left to grow undisturbed, a maximum potential uptake of 228 billion tonnes of carbon as they reach full maturity over decades — equivalent to about a third of our cumulative carbon emissions to date. Another 87 billion tonnes could be captured by restoring forests in places where they once grew. Beyond this, better management of ecosystems could enhance the land carbon sink by several billion tonnes each year. This involves avoiding monster wildfires by conducting prescribed burns, rolling out climate-friendly farming practices like cover cropping, and more sustainable harvesting of trees. If we want to hold onto the unexpected gift of a land carbon sink then we must stop “removing the allies that we have”, says Zohner — and try to keep growth ahead of death just a little bit longer. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The land carbon sink is disappearing faster than expected because of deforestation and wildfires, which holds countries back from meeting the 1.5℃ Paris Agreement goal. However, effective protection, restoration and management measures, like wildfire prevention, eco-friendly agriculture, and sustainable harvesting, can enable the growth of sinks to outpace their death by greatly boosting current and future carbon absorption. (58 words) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了陆地碳汇出现加速衰退的不良趋势及其可能给各国达成气候目标带来的严重影响，并提出了保护、恢复和管理生态系统等一系列挽救陆地碳汇的有效措施。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①The global forest carbon sink has steadily declined since 2001, mainly due to deforestation. In 2023 and 2024, wildfires further reduced the forest sink to its lowest point in two decades, fuelling feedback cycles that accelerate climate change. ②Most countries depend on their sinks to meet emissions promises under the Paris Agreement that aims to keep long-term global warming to a 1.5℃ threshold. ③A climate ecologist says the most important steps are to protect, restore and manage ecosystems. ④Beyond this, better management of ecosystems could enhance the land carbon sink by several billion tonnes each year. This involves avoiding monster wildfires by conducting prescribed burns, rolling out climate-friendly farming practices like cover cropping, and more sustainable harvesting of trees. 2.缜密构思 将要点①②整合，说明陆地碳汇的不良趋势及影响；将要点③④整合，介绍一系列挽救陆地碳汇的有效措施。 3.遣词造句 The land carbon sink is declining faster than expected due to deforestation and wildfires, which holds countries back from meeting the 1.5℃ Paris Agreement goal. However, effective protection, restoration and management measures, like wildfire prevention, eco-friendly agriculture, and sustainable harvesting, can enable the growth of sinks to outpace their death. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The land carbon sink is disappearing faster than expected because of deforestation and wildfires, which holds countries back from meeting the 1.5℃ Paris Agreement goal. (使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句，对一二段内容进行了简明扼要地概括) 【高分句型2】However, effective protection, restoration and management measures, like wildfire prevention, eco-friendly agriculture, and sustainable harvesting, can enable the growth of sinks to outpace their death by greatly boosting current and future carbon absorption. (使用了并列短语作主语，介词短语作插入语及方式状语等，对三四段内容进行整合概括) Passage 2【来源】上海市闵行区七宝中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷 Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. The Rise of Artificial Intelligence and the Decline of Truth Spreading convincing misinformation once required great effort, but today a smartphone and generative AI can create fake photos, cloned voices, and videos that misrepresent events. While warnings about social media’s power to mislead are not new, AI has intensified the danger by making false content easier to produce and harder to detect. As a result, people now question whether what they see and hear is real, with genuine recordings dismissed as fake and fabricated ones appearing convincingly true. Fake content made by AI is already common. Many fake images show clear signs of AI generation, such as strange body shapes or unnatural faces, but these clues are easy to overlook. As the technology improves, such imperfections will become harder to spot. With so much fake content spreading, some people now use the existence of AI as an excuse to doubt even genuine information. The effects of this technology can be very serious. For example, the U. S. Federal Trade Commission has warned that cheaters can now copy a person’s voice to pretend to be a family member and trick people into sending money. In schools, some teens have already been caught creating and sharing fake images of classmates using AI tools. Despite these harmful uses, the technology is also being packaged as a consumer product. For instance, some smartphones now have advanced editing tools that can change faces in photos or even remove people completely. Not everyone thinks public access to AI will make misinformation worse. Some say there has always been more online content than people can handle. Yet this perspective is hardly comforting. Trust in institutions and experts is already at historic lows. As Hany Farid, a specialist in investigating digital evidence, observes: “If you don’t trust me and I don’t trust you, how do we respond to climate change, or have fair and open elections?” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Generative AI now allows fake content to be created with ease, intensifying social media’s power to mislead. Such content is already widespread and increasingly hard to detect, leading many to doubt even genuine information. Serious consequences include fraud and misuse in schools. Although some argue that such access won’t worsen misinformation, falling trust in experts makes this view deeply concerning. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了生成式人工智能导致虚假内容泛滥及其带来的严重后果和信任危机。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Spreading convincing misinformation once required great effort, but today a smartphone and generative AI can create fake photos, cloned voices, and videos that misrepresent events. ②AI has intensified the danger by making false content easier to produce and harder to detect. ③Fake content made by AI is already common. Such imperfections will become harder to spot. ④The effects of this technology can be very serious. ⑤Not everyone thinks public access to AI will make misinformation worse. Yet this perspective is hardly comforting. Trust in institutions and experts is already at historic lows. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行整合，概括出生成式人工智能使虚假内容更易产生和更难检测。将第3、4两个要点进行整合，概括出虚假内容难以发现及其带来的严重后果。第5点单独列出，说明公众对专家信任度低使得情况更令人担忧。 3.遣词造句 Generative AI has intensified the spread of misinformation, making false content more convincing and harder to detect, leading to widespread doubt about reality. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Generative AI now allows fake content to be created with ease, intensifying social media’s power to mislead.运用了不定式to be created with ease作宾补、现在分词intensifying作状语、不定式to mislead作定语，对原文第一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 【高分句型2】Although some argue that such access won’t worsen misinformation, falling trust in experts makes this view deeply concerning.运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第四段进行了概括。其中Although引导的让步状语从句，表达非常高级。 Passage 3【来源】上海市徐汇区上海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期练习三英语试题 Sweetness: The Silent Killer in Disguise Imagine starting your day with a flavored yogurt, sipping soda at lunch, and ending with a “healthy” granola bar. You’d be shocked to learn these daily choices may contain over 50g of added sugar — far exceeding the WHO’s recommended 25g limit. This unconscious intake is just the first step toward a chain of health risks, as excessive sugar disrupts our bodies in ways we often ignore. Sugar’s most immediate threat lies in its metabolic disruption. When consumed in excess, fructose (果糖) overloads the liver, converting into fat and triggering insulin (胰岛素) resistance. This process not only raises blood sugar levels but also lays the groundwork for type 2 diabetes, as confirmed by Harvard research linking high-sugar diets to a 26% higher diabetes risk. Beyond metabolism, sugar wages war on the heart. A study in JAMA Internal Medicine revealed that adults consuming 25% of calories from sugar faced three times the risk of heart-related death. Sugar irritates blood vessels, raises “bad” cholesterol (LDL), and speeds up artery hardening. Research from the University of California shows that drinking just one sugary drink daily increases heart disease risk by 20%. New research shows how sugar harms the brain. UCLA studies found that diets high in sugar make the hippocampus smaller, which weakens memory and learning. Sugar addiction works like drug addiction, causing strong sugar cravings that take over clear thinking. A 2025 Neuroscience study found that sugar consumption potentially causes memory problems, restlessness and shorter attention spans. Breaking free requires mindful choices: check labels for hidden sugars, replace sodas with flavored water, and enjoy fruits’ natural sweetness. Simple changes, such as picking dark chocolate over candy, can help. Every spoonful of sugar is a decision — choose wisely for your health’s future. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Hidden sugars in daily food exceed health limits, posing severe health risks. It disrupts metabolism, increasing diabetes risk through insulin resistance. Sugar also dramatically increases heart disease risk by damaging blood vessels and raising cholesterol. Furthermore, it harms brain function, weakening cognitive capacity by shrinking hippocampus and causing addiction. Mindful dietary choices are essential to reduce sugar intake. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了日常食物中隐藏的糖分超出健康限度，会带来严重的健康风险。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①You’d be shocked to learn these daily choices may contain over 50g of added sugar — far exceeding the WHO’s recommended 25g limit. ②Sugar’s most immediate threat lies in its metabolic disruption. This process not only raises blood sugar levels but also lays the groundwork for type 2 diabetes. ③Beyond metabolism, sugar wages war on the heart. Sugar irritates blood vessels, raises “bad” cholesterol (LDL), and speeds up artery hardening. ④New research shows how sugar harms the brain. Sugar addiction works like drug addiction, causing strong sugar cravings that take over clear thinking. ⑤Breaking free requires mindful choices: check labels for hidden sugars, replace sodas with flavored water, and enjoy fruits’ natural sweetness. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点作为背景引入，第2、3、4个要点分别阐述糖对代谢、心脏和大脑的危害，第5个要点说明应对措施，重组为一段。 3.遣词造句 Excessive sugar intake disrupts metabolism, raising diabetes risk; harms the heart by irritating vessels and raising bad cholesterol; and damages the brain, weakening memory. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Hidden sugars in daily food exceeds health limits, posing severe health risks.（运用了现在分词短语作状语） 【高分句型2】Sugar also dramatically increases heart disease risk by damaging blood vessels and raising cholesterol.运用了含有非谓语动词的句子，对原文第二、三段进行了概括。其中动名词damaging，作宾语，表达非常高级。 Passage 4【来源】上海市敬业中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试题 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Why People Watch Sports On a weekend afternoon, millions of people sit before screens or gather in stadiums, their hearts rising and falling with every goal, every swing, every shout. To an outsider, this passion might seem puzzling — after all, the result changes nothing about their own lives. Yet for those watching, the experience feels deeply real, even necessary. Part of the appeal lies in emotion. Sports compress the drama of life into a few exciting hours, offering joy, tension, relief, and sometimes heartbreak—all without lasting harm. A match can stir the same chemical reactions as adventure or love, releasing energy that makes spectators feel vividly alive. The emotional rollercoaster is not chaos but a kind of shared rhythm that binds people together. That sense of connection is what keeps fans returning. Sitting among strangers who cheer for the same team, or chatting online with distant supporters, we become part of a temporary community that breaks the boundaries of daily life. Victories and losses alike strengthen this invisible bond, giving fans the warmth of belonging and the comfort of shared identity. Research suggests that these moments matter. Studies in England and Belgium have found that people who regularly watch or attend sporting events tend to feel less lonely and more satisfied with life. Even those who follow games on TV often describe a lift in mood and motivation, as if each match renews their sense of participation in the wider world. Beyond the excitement, sports offer stories — of discipline, courage, and persistence — that mirror the struggles of ordinary people. Watching athletes push limits or recover from failure reminds us what effort and hope can achieve. Sometimes, when the crowd falls silent just before a decisive play, time itself seems to pause. In that breathless space between hope and outcome, every spectator feels the same heartbeat — a quiet reminder of how deeply alive we are. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: People watch sports for multiple reasons, which bring intense shared emotions and foster a sense of community and belonging. Besides, they also boost life satisfaction and mood, and offer inspiring stories of discipline and persistence, making spectators feel vividly alive. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了人们喜爱观看体育赛事的多重原因，包括能获得强烈的共同情感体验、建立社群归属感、提升生活满意度与情绪，还能从中汲取自律和坚持的励志力量。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Sports compress the drama of life into a few exciting hours, offering joy, tension, relief, and sometimes heartbreak—all without lasting harm. A match can stir the same chemical reactions as adventure or love, releasing energy that makes spectators feel vividly alive. ②That sense of connection is what keeps fans returning. Sitting among strangers who cheer for the same team, or chatting online with distant supporters, we become part of a temporary community that breaks the boundaries of daily life. Victories and losses alike strengthen this invisible bond, giving fans the warmth of belonging and the comfort of shared identity. ③Studies in England and Belgium have found that people who regularly watch or attend sporting events tend to feel less lonely and more satisfied with life. Even those who follow games on TV often describe a lift in mood and motivation. ④Beyond the excitement, sports offer stories — of discipline, courage, and persistence — that mirror the struggles of ordinary people. ⑤The emotional rollercoaster is not chaos but a kind of shared rhythm that binds people together. 2. 缜密构思 将第①、⑤点整合为体育赛事带来的强烈共同情感体验；将第②点作为建立社群与归属感的核心依据；将第③点作为提升生活满意度与情绪的支撑；将第④点作为励志故事的来源；最后整合所有要点，形成与答案一致的概括性表述。 3. 遣词造句 People watch sports for multiple reasons, which bring intense shared emotions and foster a sense of community and belonging. Besides, they also boost life satisfaction and mood, and offer inspiring stories of discipline and persistence, making spectators feel vividly alive. 【点睛】[高分句型1] People watch sports for multiple reasons, which bring intense shared emotions and foster a sense of community and belonging.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） [高分句型2] Besides, they also boost life satisfaction and mood, and offer inspiring stories of discipline and persistence, making spectators feel vividly alive.（运用了现在分词短语作状语） Passage 5【来源】2025 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Art Gallery Visits The lasting rainy winter is a season that feels heavy with depression. Luckily, I have a way to escape from the winter blues — visiting art galleries. Engaging with art closely, particularly in winter, is a life enhancer and a relief from loneliness, sadness, and frustration. When viewing things we find beautiful, activity in the pleasure and reward centres of the brain goes up. So when I don't have the time, or energy to take on challenging new themes in the gallery, I return to the comfort of my favourites: the blue in David Hockney's swimming pool, Agnes Martin's faint, delicate lines, or John Constable's cloudy Brighton summers. The comforting properties of these artworks are best experienced during winter. And did you know that even on the busiest of days, in the busiest galleries, there is potential for mindfulness? Mindfulness is hard to catch for me — my head feels like a mix of shopping lists, decade-old angers, and random song bits I can't name, but time spent in a gallery is the closest I get to being truly present. Part of this is down to "slow looking”, the practice of taking time to really absorb an artwork rather than giving it a glance, reading the accompanying description, having another quick look and moving on. The experience can be powerful and informative. Often, I visit galleries alone to gather my thoughts. I just want the company of form, colour, material. But sometimes I'll take my daughter. To me, joy was walking her and watching as her eyes widened in curiosity, tiny fingers pointing: "Do you see what I see?” Telling her: "Yes ... but also no.” That we all see these things in a different way is such an important lesson that reaches into every part of our lives. Remembering that perception is personal is precious for me. This knowledge keeps me in a good state. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 Visiting art galleries helps me fight against low spirits (in winter). Viewing my favourite exhibits can boost my spirits and provide comfort. Besides, careful appreciation of an artwork enables me to focus on the present and achieve mindfulness. Time spent with art, alone or with others, reminds me that people see things from different perspectives. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说参观艺术画廊有助于对抗冬季的低落情绪。欣赏最喜欢的展品能振奋精神，带来慰藉。此外，仔细品味一件艺术品能专注于当下，达到心无旁骛的状态。无论是独自还是与他人一起与艺术相伴的时光，都提醒人们看待事物的角度各不相同。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①The lasting rainy winter is a season that feels heavy with depression. Luckily, I have a way to escape from the winter blues — visiting art galleries. ②When viewing things we find beautiful, activity in the pleasure and reward centres of the brain goes up. ③And did you know that even on the busiest of days, in the busiest galleries, there is potential for mindfulness? ④Often, I visit galleries alone to gather my thoughts. I just want the company of form, colour, material. But sometimes I’ll take my daughter. That we all see these things in a different way is such an important lesson that reaches into every part of our lives. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行综述，将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Visiting art galleries helps me fight against low spirits (in winter). Viewing my favourite exhibits can boost my spirits and provide comfort. Besides, careful appreciation of an artwork enables me to focus on the present and achieve mindfulness. Time spent with art, alone or with others, reminds me that people see things from different perspectives. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Viewing my favourite exhibits can boost my spirits and provide comfort.运用动名词作主语对原文第二段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] Time spent with art, alone or with others, reminds me that people see things from different perspectives.用that引导宾语从句对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司6 / 31 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $