专题01 记叙文 & 议论文概要写作简易速成（复习讲义）（上海专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考概要写作核心考点，涵盖记叙文和议论文两大体裁，按照“考情精解-知能架构-考点攻坚”逻辑组织知识点，通过考点梳理、技巧指导、模板构建及真题训练，帮助学生精准提炼主旨、整合逻辑，突破概要写作难点，体现复习的系统性与针对性。 资料特色在于基于命题趋势设计分层训练，运用“5W1H”“三要素”等结构化模板培养学生思维品质，通过同义替换、简洁句式训练提升语言能力，典例剖析与语篇实战结合，助力学生高效掌握写作策略，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰路径。

专题01 记叙文 & 议论文概要写作速成技巧 目录 01 析·考情精解 2 02 构·知能架构 3 03 破·考点攻坚 4 考点一 概要写作之记叙文 4 知识点1 题型解读 5 知识点2 写作技巧 6 知识点3 写作模板 6 考点二 概要写作之议论文 8 知识点1 题型解读 12 知识点2 写作技巧 12 知识点3 写作模板 13 26年各区一模命题透视 1. 题材聚焦：以现实热点、生活实用、社会议题为主，涵盖环保（汞污染、蓝蟹入侵）、科技（AI 艺术、AI 虚假记忆）、心理健康（讨好型人格、社交媒体心理、冒险恐惧）、生活方式（胶囊衣柜、睡眠瘫痪）、育儿（高强度育儿）等； 2. 体裁偏好：说明文占主导（约 12/16 篇），议论文为辅（4/16 篇），均逻辑严谨； 3. 结构特征：多采用 “现象 / 定义 - 原因 / 特点 - 对策 / 影响”“观点 - 论据 - 结论” 的清晰逻辑框架； 4. 内容特点：贴近时代，兼具知识性与实用性，部分文章含具体案例（如余女士社交媒体经历），需提炼核心而非复述实例。 26年各区一模考点总结 · 1. 核心能力：精准提炼主旨、分论点及关键细节（如原因、结果、建议），剔除冗余例证； · 2. 逻辑要求：理清并列、因果、转折等关系，整合信息无逻辑断层（如 “问题 - 对策”“优势 - 风险” 的衔接）； · 3. 语言规范：控制字数在 60 词内，简洁凝练，优先使用同义替换与简洁句式（同位语、分词短语、状语从句）； · 4. 术语处理：准确保留或简洁转化专业术语（如 trawling/dredging、fawning、capsule wardrobe），不篡改核心概念。 2026高考 命题预测 1. 题材趋势：继续聚焦社会热点（环保、科技伦理）、心理健康、生活实用技能、个人成长，可能新增 “文化传承”“数字化生活” 相关话题； 2. 体裁分布：说明文仍占主导，议论文占比或略有提升，注重观点的辩证性（如 “AI 的双面性”“社交媒体的利弊”）； 3. 结构侧重：“问题 - 原因 - 对策”“现象 - 影响 - 建议” 类逻辑框架仍是重点，可能增加多重逻辑交织的文章（如 “原因 + 优势 + 风险”）； 4. 考点强化：核心要点提炼的精准度、逻辑整合的连贯性、语言表达的简洁性仍是核心，可能更侧重对 “隐含逻辑”（如案例背后的观点）的概括能力。 考点一 概要写作之记叙文 思维建模 根据记叙文六大要素分辨写人或叙事 记叙文体的阅读材料，相比其他文体而言，写概要相对容易。在写概要前，除明确文章主题外，还应抓住六个要素：when, where, who, what, why, how。在这六个要素中，所占内容比重最大的是what。一般来说，记叙文的故事概要可以用这样的模板来表示： 记叙文：what / who / when / where / why / how Who did what by…because… 当然，不是说每个故事概要都包含how或why，有时两者选其一即可。 1.叙事性的记叙文(Narration)。  叙事性的记叙文的主要内容的概括主要抓住记叙文的几个要素：时间、地点、人物、事件和影响或后果。  2. 写人的记叙文（Description）。  写人的记叙文总结要点主要抓住人物的主要特点或事迹，划出关键词（所谓关键词是文中反复出现的体现主题或关联的词）。 （一）题型解读 1. 题型特点 材料类型：通常为一篇完整的记叙文，内容涉及人物、事件、时间、地点和情感等要素。 写作要求：要求考生根据原文内容，用简洁的语言概括文章的主要内容，通常要求在60词左右。 评分标准：主要考察考生对文章内容的理解、信息提取和语言表达能力。要点完整、语言简洁、语法正确是关键。 2. 常见主题 人物故事：描述某个人物的经历、成长或转变。 事件经过：叙述某个事件的发生、发展和结果。 情感体验：展现人物在特定情境下的情感变化。 寓意启示：通过故事传达某种道理或启示。 （二）写作步骤与技巧 1. 通读全文，把握主旨 快速浏览：先快速浏览文章，了解大致内容和结构。 标记关键信息：在阅读过程中，标记出人物、时间、地点、主要事件和情感变化等关键信息。 2. 提炼要点，去次留精 提取关键要素：根据文章内容，提炼出人物、事件、情感和结果等核心要点。 忽略细节：避免过多涉及文章中的具体细节，如对话、描述性语言等。 3. 组织语言，简洁表达 使用简单句：尽量使用简单句和短句，避免复杂句式。 合理转换表达：可以用同义词或短语替换原文中的关键词，但要保持原意。 注意连贯性：使用适当的连接词（如“and”“but”“then”等）使内容连贯。 4. 检查核对，确保准确 核对要点：检查是否遗漏了关键信息。 语法检查：确保句子结构正确，时态一致。 字数控制：严格控制在60词左右。 （三）模板及句型 核心原则 聚焦 5W1H（who, when, where, what, why, how）核心要素，省略细节描写、心理描写等次要内容，客观陈述事件主干。 写作模板 步骤 写作内容 句式示例 1. 点明主体 + 背景 介绍核心人物、时间 / 地点及事件起因 The story tells us that [人物] + [时间 / 地点] + [遇到的问题 / 发生的起因]. 2. 梳理事件经过 概括关键动作或发展阶段（1-2 句） Faced with such a situation, [人物] decided to do sth. / In order to solve the problem, [人物] took several measures, such as doing A and doing B. 3. 交代最终结果 说明事件结局及人物的收获 / 感悟 Finally / Eventually, [事件结果]. From this experience, [人物] learned that /realized that [感悟 / 启示]. 常用句型句式 引出事件 1. This narrative is mainly about [人物] who did sth. in [时间 / 地点]. 2. The passage describes an experience that [人物] went through in [场景]. 3. The story revolves around how [人物] dealt with [问题] successfully. 描述过程 1. At first / Initially, [人物] tried to ... but failed. Then, he/she ... 1. With the help of [某人 / 某物], [人物] managed to ... 1. Despite [困难], [人物] persisted in doing sth. and finally ... 总结结果 / 感悟 1. In the end, [人物] succeeded in doing sth. and gained [收获]. 1. The experience taught [人物] a valuable lesson that ... 1. What impressed us most is that [人物] showed great [品质，如 courage/persistence] in the process. 注意事项 · 时态：以一般过去时为主，若涉及感悟可用一般现在时。 · 人称：严格遵循原文人称，避免随意转换。 【典例剖析】 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. After the sudden loss of her five-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, Natalia Spencer felt she needed to do something to honor the little girl. That strong wish inspired Spencer to start what she calls a “Walk of Love”, a 6,000-mile trek(长途旅行) along the British coastline. “Elizabeth particularly loved the beach and the sea and we visited the seaside a lot. After she passed away, I went to the seaside and it was the first time that I had felt some comfort,” Spencer said. “I knew this was what I had to do. It was something I could do and it would make life more bearable.” On Valentine’s Day, Spencer began walking Durdle Door in Dorset, England, the last beach she took Elizabeth to before she became ill. So far, Spencer has journeyed about 1,500 miles, walking through Dorset , Cornwall, Devon and the entire coast of Wales. Every day, except Saturday, Spencer walks 20 miles. Often locals join her; many times they share stories about losing their own children. Everything changed for Spencer on Nov. 22, 2015. Spencer noticed Elizabeth was ill with what she thought was a chest infection. But the girl’s health worsened rapidly. Doctors diagnosed her with a life-threatening immune condition where the immune cells damage the tissues and organs. This caused Elizabeth’s organs to shut down and stopped the blood supply to her arms and legs. She was moved to Bristol Children’s Hospital where she spent 18 days on life support before passing away on Dec. 10. After Elizabeth died, Spencer struggled. In January, a friend encouraged Spencer to go for a walk and the two ended up at the Gower Peninsula in Wales. While walking provides Spencer with time to grieve(悲伤), she’s also using the trip to raise ￡100,000 for the Bristol Children’s Hospital. Spencer expects to complete her walk next spring. She’d love to finish on Valentine’s Day, but doesn’t know if that is realistic. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 本文是一篇记叙文，围绕娜塔莉亚・斯宾塞发起的 “爱心徒步” 展开，结构为 “起因 — 经过 — 意义 — 计划”： 第 1 段：点明徒步起因 —— 斯宾塞为纪念病逝的女儿伊丽莎白，发起沿英国海岸线的长途徒步。 第 2 段：说明徒步地点关联 —— 女儿热爱海滩，海边能给予斯宾塞慰藉。 第 3 段：描述徒步进程 —— 情人节启程，已走 1500 英里，当地人结伴同行分享经历。 第 4 段：补充女儿离世细节 —— 患病、确诊罕见免疫疾病、救治无效离世。 第 5 段：点明徒步附加意义 —— 在纾解悲痛的同时，为儿童医院筹款。 第 6 段：交代徒步计划 —— 预计明年春天完成，希望情人节收官。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1 Natalia Spencer, lose daughter Elizabeth, honor her, start Walk of Love, 6,000-mile trek (British coastline) 2 Elizabeth loved beach/sea, seaside comforted Spencer 3 start on Valentine’s Day (Durdle Door), 1,500 miles walked, 20 miles/day (except Sat), locals join 4 Elizabeth’s illness (immune condition), 18 days on life support, died 5 walk helps grieve, raise £100,000 for Bristol Children’s Hospital 6 complete next spring, hope to finish on Valentine’s Day 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 · · 起因：Natalia Spencer started a 6,000-mile trek to honor her daughter Elizabeth who died of a serious illness. · · 缘由 & 进程：Elizabeth loved the sea; Spencer began the walk on Valentine’s Day and has covered 1,500 miles with locals joining. · · 意义：The walk helps her grieve and raise money for a children’s hospital. · · 计划：She expects to finish it next spring, preferably on Valentine’s Day. 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 · · 使用 who 引导定语从句，衔接 “女儿离世” 与 “徒步纪念” 的因果关系。 · · 使用 and 串联徒步的两个意义（纾解悲痛、筹款），让逻辑更紧凑。 · · 使用 preferably 替换 “hope”，使表达更简洁地道。 考点二 概要写作之议论文 思维建模 根据议论文三要素厘清要点不遗漏 议论文（Argumentation）：找出议论文的三要素，即论点、论据和结论。其关键是找出主题句或结论句。而这种文章的整体结构多数为总分结构、分总结构、平行结构等。因此，我们通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句找论点。若文中有一分为二(即对立观点)的观点，两种观点都要概括，不要漏掉其中一方的观点。 议论文概要写作模板 opinion / idea + argument (supporting ideas / reasons) （一）题型解读 1. 题型特点 文本类型：议论文通常围绕某一观点或现象进行讨论，包含论点、论据和结论。 字数要求：要求考生在60词以内完成概要写作。 考查能力：主要考查考生对文章主旨的把握能力、信息提取能力以及用简洁语言表达的能力。 2. 常见主题 观点对比类：讨论正反两方面的观点。 问题解决类：提出问题并分析解决方法。 道理/观点论证类：论证某一观点的正确性。 说明利弊类：分析某一事物的优缺点。 （二）写作步骤与技巧 1. 通读全文，梳理结构 略读：快速浏览文章，明确文章的主旨和结构。 划分段落：根据文章结构，划分出不同部分，找出每段的中心句。 2. 提炼要点，去次留精 提取关键信息：提取每段的中心思想和主要支持点，忽略细节。 关键词汇：关注文章中的关键词汇，帮助概括主要内容。 对立观点：如果文章中有不同观点，两种观点都要概括，不能遗漏任何一方。 3. 组织语言，简洁表达 使用简单句：尽量使用简单句和短句，避免复杂句式。 合理转换表达：用同义词或短语替换原文中的关键词，但要保持原意。 连贯性：使用适当的连接词（如“and”“but”“then”等）使内容连贯。 4. 检查核对，确保准确 核对要点：检查是否遗漏了关键信息。 语法检查：确保句子结构正确，时态一致。 字数控制：严格控制在60字左右。 （三）模板及句型 核心原则 提炼 中心论点 + 分论点 / 论据 + 结论，剔除例子、数据等细节，客观转述作者观点。 写作模板 步骤 写作内容 句式示例 1. 点明中心论点 概括作者对某话题的核心观点 The author argues /holds the view that [中心论点] on the topic of [话题]. 2. 概括支撑论据 列举 1-2 个核心分论点 / 论据 To support the idea, the author puts forward two main reasons. Firstly, ... Secondly, ... 3. 总结结论 / 呼吁 说明作者的最终主张或建议 In conclusion / To sum up, the author suggests that [结论 / 呼吁]. / Therefore, it is necessary for us to [作者建议]. 常用句型句式 引出论点 1. The passage discusses whether /why [话题] is important /necessary. 2. The writer points out that [中心论点] is the key to [相关结果]. 3. As far as the author is concerned, [观点] should be paid more attention to. 列举论据 1. For one thing, ... For another thing, ... 1. On one hand, the author believes that ... On the other hand, he/she also emphasizes that ... 1. One of the main arguments is that ... Another supporting reason is that ... 总结观点 1. In a word, the author stresses that we should [建议]. 1. From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that [论点]. 1. Thus / Hence, the author calls on people to [呼吁，如 take action/change the attitude]. 注意事项 · 避免主观评判：不加入自己的观点，只转述原文内容。 · 逻辑连接：合理使用 firstly, besides, finally, however 等连接词，保证条理清晰。 【典例剖析】 The Future Without Middle Managers The rise of technology has dramatically reshaped business operations. Instant communication, real-time feedback, and easy access to information have enhanced efficiency and collaboration. Yet these advances have also triggered a quiet restructuring of the workforce — most notably, the steady decline of traditional middle management roles. Much like the Industrial Revolution replaced skilled craftsmen with machines, modern technology now automates many tasks once handled by middle managers: performance tracking, reporting, and basic supervision. As teams become more self-directed and tools take over routine work, roles that rely primarily on general oversight are becoming less essential. This shift also reflects a broader change in how expertise (专业知识) is valued. In the past, career growth often meant staying with one company, gradually gaining deep institutional knowledge and earning respect. Today, information is widely available. The ability to search and learn quickly has weakened the advantage of generalists and highlighted the importance of specialized, hard-to-replace skills. Workplace culture has evolved as well. Younger generations tend to prefer coaching over management. They want to be guided by those with hands-on expertise, not overseen by someone whose role is limited to supervision. For current middle managers, this doesn’t mean their roles are about to disappear — but it does call for adaptation. Success now depends on two key investments. First, professionals must have rare and valuable skills — a “signature” strength that distinguishes them in their field. Increasingly, credibility comes not from title but from demonstrated expertise, often recognized through peer networks or professional communities. Second, lifelong learning is essential. Workers must continue to grow and evolve, exploring new fields and updating their skill sets. As some forms of knowledge lose relevance, others — such as coaching, clean energy, digital health, or creative problem-solving—will likely gain importance. Technology isn’t going to stop reshaping the workplace. The real question is whether we are ready to reshape ourselves. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，聚焦技术发展对职场中层管理岗位的影响。文章指出技术进步重塑商业运营模式，致使传统中层管理岗位逐渐衰落，并从技术自动化、专业知识价值转变、职场文化演变三个角度分析衰落原因；最后提出中层管理者需培养专属核心技能、坚持终身学习以适应职场变革，强调职场人需主动自我重塑以应对技术带来的挑战。 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 本文采用 “提出问题 — 分析原因 — 给出对策 — 总结升华” 的议论文结构： 1. 第 1 段：引出核心话题 —— 技术重塑商业运营，引发职场结构调整，传统中层管理岗位持续衰落。 2. 第 2-4 段：分析中层管理岗位衰落的三大原因 —— 技术自动化替代中层日常工作、专业知识价值转向专精技能、职场文化偏向专业指导而非层级监督。 3. 第 5-6 段：提出中层管理者的应对策略 —— 培养独特且稀缺的核心技能、坚持终身学习以更新技能体系。 4. 第 7 段：总结升华 —— 技术对职场的重塑不会停止，关键在于职场人是否做好自我重塑的准备。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1 technology, reshape business operations, decline of traditional middle management roles 2 automate tasks (performance tracking, reporting, supervision), self-directed teams 3 shift in expertise value, specialized skills > generalists, institutional knowledge less important 4 workplace culture evolution, younger generations prefer coaching over supervision 5 middle managers need adaptation, signature strength, expertise over title 6 lifelong learning, update skill sets (coaching, clean energy, digital health etc.) 7 technology keeps reshaping workplace, need to reshape ourselves 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 1. 核心现象：Technology reshapes business operations, leading to the decline of traditional middle management roles. 2. 衰落原因：Technology automates their routine tasks, specialized skills are more valued, and younger generations prefer coaching to supervision. 3. 应对策略：Middle managers should develop unique strengths and stick to lifelong learning to adapt to the changes. 4. 总结观点：Technology will keep reshaping the workplace, so people need to reshape themselves. 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 · 使用 leading to 体现技术发展与中层岗位衰落的因果关系，让句子更简洁紧凑。 · 使用 not only...but also... 可串联多个衰落原因，增强表达的逻辑性（也可拆分表述，控制词数）。 · 使用 so 衔接最后一段的 “技术持续重塑职场” 与 “自我重塑” 的必要性。 【语篇训练】 Passage 1【来源】上海市2025-2026学年高三上学期12月春考适应性调研卷英语试题 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Winter Home Cooking In winter, when days shorten too quickly, cooking helps me keep a clear sense of time rather than soften feelings. Water boiling at six, bread warming at seven, dishes washed before eight give order to evenings that might otherwise fade into each other. It is not comfort I seek, but a simple structure that keeps the season from collapsing into sameness. Recipes that require only salt, heat and patience appeal to me most. Cutting the vegetables into equal pieces and watching them cook at a steady pace offers a small but steady sense of control, which is rare in winter weeks filled with delays and sudden changes. The kitchen does not ask me to feel better, only to follow steps that stay predictable. Cooking is one of the few tasks in which progress is visible. Soup deepens, rice softens, sauce thickens, and each minute has form. Unlike scrolling through messages or sitting in long silence, the cooker gives feedback I can trust. Winter often slows thought without slowing hours, and cooking helps bring them back into agreement. Some dishes come from memory rather than instruction. A noodle soup my grandmother made on cold weekends, or apples baked the way she preferred, returns without ceremony. Winter does not make these meals sentimental, only familiar. The warmth is not emotional but a quiet link to past routines, a small record of hands that cooked before mine. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2【来源】上海市徐汇区上海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Power of Trust As an athlete, I’ve always worked hard to push myself to my limits and with that usually comes some aches and pains. So last year when I started to feel some muscle soreness after a tough workout at first I didn’t think it was a big deal. I was training for a marathon at the time, so over the weekend I’d done a 13-mile run. The following Tuesday I hit my favorite CrossFit gym to do a workout that involved a lot of upper body weight lifting. My trainer told me to take it easy on my body, but I figured I’d be fine and powered through it. Afterward, my trainer noticed a slight swelling (肿胀) in my arm and said he was worried. I tried to brush him off but he insisted I drink a lot of water and check in with him in a few hours. Sure enough, by that afternoon the swelling had increased and I headed to the doctor. I still thought he was making a mountain out of a molehill but I trusted my trainer so I did it. The doctor took one look at me and diagnosed me with rhabdomyolysis (横纹肌溶解症), a life-threatening condition where muscle overuse causes kidney failure. As they gave me IV fluids to clear my blood, my doctor told me that if I’d waited even another 30 minutes, we would have been having this discussion in the emergency room. I made a full recovery over the weekend, thanks in no small part to my trainer. I was a very experienced CrossFitter and still hadn’t seen any problems. Thankfully I had a great trainer I could trust so that I survived. Trust is important. It allows us to rely on others’ judgment when our own perspective is clouded by determination or pride. Whether it’s a coach, friend, or mentor, trusting someone can protect us from harm, push us toward better choices, and sometimes, quite literally, save our lives. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 【来源】上海市控江、复兴、市西、松二、金山、奉贤六校2025-2026学年高三上学期期中联考英语试卷 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Should you blame yourself for your bad habits? In the 1960s, Stanford psychologist Walter Mischel tested self-control by leaving children alone with a sweet: they could eat one at once, or wait and get two. Those who waited later did better at school, were happier, and earned more, leading him to see self-control as key to success. Later research, however, questioned this. His study was small and narrow. Larger studies show wealthier children resist temptation more easily, often because they trust the reward will come. Environment strongly shapes self-control, so we are not entirely in charge of it. Luck also plays a role. You did not choose where you were born, how supportive your parents were, or what talents you received. What people usually take responsibility for is how they use those circumstances—whether they waste their advantages or manage to overcome difficulties. Yet even perseverance and willpower are influenced by genes, as shown in recent twin studies. The modern world adds further challenges. Technology and marketing target our reward systems: phones are designed to hold our attention, advertisements follow us online, and shopping platforms encourage unplanned purchases. If resisting temptation feels harder now, that is not only a personal weakness but also the result of a system built to exploit it. What, then, is the right conclusion? We should not imagine that self-control is simply a matter of inner strength, nor that we are powerless victims of circumstance. A more realistic view is that habits are formed at the intersection of personal choices and external conditions. People who seem especially self-disciplined often succeed not because they resist temptation better, but because they arrange their environment, routines, and goals in ways that reduce the need for constant willpower. Recognising both the limits of personal control and the power of context allows us to take smarter, fairer steps toward change. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 4【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试题 The Case for a Mentoring (指导) Program Teachers and leaders at our school are continually telling us that we should become more engaged in the community by volunteering our time. After thinking about this, I have a suggestion that would not only help high school students get involved but would also help elementary students in our district. Many of the students at our high school have excellent academic skills. With a mentoring program, these students could put their skills to use by helping younger students who are struggling academically. My own sister, who attends one of the elementary schools that feeds into our high school, is having a hard time in math. Her classroom is crowded, and she can’t always get the one-on-one attention that she needs to understand a new concept. She has told me that she has many friends who also need help. A mentoring program in which high school students tutor elementary school students could be the solution. By using a mentoring program, struggling youngsters could get the individual attention they need to master new concepts. In researching mentoring programs, I learned of several promising results. According to an article published in the November 2005 Education World, elementary school students raised their reading levels significantly in a short period of time after being tutored by high school students. Furthermore, volunteering seems to have a positive influence on the high school mentors themselves. As students learn how to be good mentors, they focus on effective communication skills, including how to share and how to listen, all boosted significantly. Generally speaking, these skills are valuable for everyone. Additionally, mentors get the satisfaction of meaningfully contributing to their community and future generations. Because mentoring programs have proven to be so successful, they are also undergoing certain changes. Some schools pair high school students with elementary students to practice computer skills, to play sports, to learn to play a musical instrument, or to discover how to be a good citizen. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 5【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Are touchscreens in cars dangerous? For years almost every new car sold has come with a high-tech, futuristic screen, which controls everything from the air conditioning to the music. Even safety features like automatic lane-keeping are sometimes screen-controlled. But are touchscreens safe? The case for the accusation is straightforward. If fiddling with the screen of a smartphone while driving is distracting, and therefore dangerous, then doing likewise with your car’s is probably risky too. Drivers can learn the location of physical controls, and press buttons or twiddle dials without taking their eyes off the road. A touchscreen offers no physical feedback, making that much harder. And because a screen must do dozens of jobs, finding a particular setting often means tapping through several sub-menus. The result, say critics, is a dangerous distraction built into the car itself. Research backs that up. A study, done in 2024 by researchers at SINTEF, a Norwegian contract-research organisation, used gaze-tracking cameras to compare how long drivers were distracted while performing different tasks on a touchscreen. Even the quickest job — changing the temperature — meant three and a half seconds, on average, of not looking at the road. Finding a new radio station took 11 seconds, and putting a new address into the satellite navigation took 16. An analysis published in 2020 by the Transport Research Laboratory, a British organisation, found that touchscreens impaired a driver’s reaction time more than driving over the legal alcohol limit. Safety organisations are beginning to notice. From January new rules from Euro NCAP, an organisation that provides safety ratings for cars sold in Europe, will mean no car can get a full five-star score unless certain crucial functions — indicators, for instance, or the windscreen wipers — are controlled by real switches. Euro NCAP’s safety guidelines have no legal force. But carmakers use its ratings as a selling-point. But innovation never stops. Even as touchscreens are falling out of favour, many manufacturers are turning their attention to voice control — though that is a subject for another story. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司6 / 31 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 记叙文 & 议论文概要写作速成技巧 目录 01 析·考情精解 2 02 构·知能架构 3 03 破·考点攻坚 4 考点一 概要写作之记叙文 4 知识点1 题型解读 5 知识点2 写作技巧 6 知识点3 写作模板 6 考点二 概要写作之议论文 8 知识点1 题型解读 12 知识点2 写作技巧 12 知识点3 写作模板 13 26年各区一模命题透视 1. 题材聚焦：以现实热点、生活实用、社会议题为主，涵盖环保（汞污染、蓝蟹入侵）、科技（AI 艺术、AI 虚假记忆）、心理健康（讨好型人格、社交媒体心理、冒险恐惧）、生活方式（胶囊衣柜、睡眠瘫痪）、育儿（高强度育儿）等； 2. 体裁偏好：说明文占主导（约 12/16 篇），议论文为辅（4/16 篇），均逻辑严谨； 3. 结构特征：多采用 “现象 / 定义 - 原因 / 特点 - 对策 / 影响”“观点 - 论据 - 结论” 的清晰逻辑框架； 4. 内容特点：贴近时代，兼具知识性与实用性，部分文章含具体案例（如余女士社交媒体经历），需提炼核心而非复述实例。 26年各区一模考点总结 · 1. 核心能力：精准提炼主旨、分论点及关键细节（如原因、结果、建议），剔除冗余例证； · 2. 逻辑要求：理清并列、因果、转折等关系，整合信息无逻辑断层（如 “问题 - 对策”“优势 - 风险” 的衔接）； · 3. 语言规范：控制字数在 60 词内，简洁凝练，优先使用同义替换与简洁句式（同位语、分词短语、状语从句）； · 4. 术语处理：准确保留或简洁转化专业术语（如 trawling/dredging、fawning、capsule wardrobe），不篡改核心概念。 2026高考 命题预测 1. 题材趋势：继续聚焦社会热点（环保、科技伦理）、心理健康、生活实用技能、个人成长，可能新增 “文化传承”“数字化生活” 相关话题； 2. 体裁分布：说明文仍占主导，议论文占比或略有提升，注重观点的辩证性（如 “AI 的双面性”“社交媒体的利弊”）； 3. 结构侧重：“问题 - 原因 - 对策”“现象 - 影响 - 建议” 类逻辑框架仍是重点，可能增加多重逻辑交织的文章（如 “原因 + 优势 + 风险”）； 4. 考点强化：核心要点提炼的精准度、逻辑整合的连贯性、语言表达的简洁性仍是核心，可能更侧重对 “隐含逻辑”（如案例背后的观点）的概括能力。 考点一 概要写作之记叙文 思维建模 根据记叙文六大要素分辨写人或叙事 记叙文体的阅读材料，相比其他文体而言，写概要相对容易。在写概要前，除明确文章主题外，还应抓住六个要素：when, where, who, what, why, how。在这六个要素中，所占内容比重最大的是what。一般来说，记叙文的故事概要可以用这样的模板来表示： 记叙文：what / who / when / where / why / how Who did what by…because… 当然，不是说每个故事概要都包含how或why，有时两者选其一即可。 1.叙事性的记叙文(Narration)。  叙事性的记叙文的主要内容的概括主要抓住记叙文的几个要素：时间、地点、人物、事件和影响或后果。  2. 写人的记叙文（Description）。  写人的记叙文总结要点主要抓住人物的主要特点或事迹，划出关键词（所谓关键词是文中反复出现的体现主题或关联的词）。 （一）题型解读 1. 题型特点 材料类型：通常为一篇完整的记叙文，内容涉及人物、事件、时间、地点和情感等要素。 写作要求：要求考生根据原文内容，用简洁的语言概括文章的主要内容，通常要求在60词左右。 评分标准：主要考察考生对文章内容的理解、信息提取和语言表达能力。要点完整、语言简洁、语法正确是关键。 2. 常见主题 人物故事：描述某个人物的经历、成长或转变。 事件经过：叙述某个事件的发生、发展和结果。 情感体验：展现人物在特定情境下的情感变化。 寓意启示：通过故事传达某种道理或启示。 （二）写作步骤与技巧 1. 通读全文，把握主旨 快速浏览：先快速浏览文章，了解大致内容和结构。 标记关键信息：在阅读过程中，标记出人物、时间、地点、主要事件和情感变化等关键信息。 2. 提炼要点，去次留精 提取关键要素：根据文章内容，提炼出人物、事件、情感和结果等核心要点。 忽略细节：避免过多涉及文章中的具体细节，如对话、描述性语言等。 3. 组织语言，简洁表达 使用简单句：尽量使用简单句和短句，避免复杂句式。 合理转换表达：可以用同义词或短语替换原文中的关键词，但要保持原意。 注意连贯性：使用适当的连接词（如“and”“but”“then”等）使内容连贯。 4. 检查核对，确保准确 核对要点：检查是否遗漏了关键信息。 语法检查：确保句子结构正确，时态一致。 字数控制：严格控制在60词左右。 （三）模板及句型 核心原则 聚焦 5W1H（who, when, where, what, why, how）核心要素，省略细节描写、心理描写等次要内容，客观陈述事件主干。 写作模板 步骤 写作内容 句式示例 1. 点明主体 + 背景 介绍核心人物、时间 / 地点及事件起因 The story tells us that [人物] + [时间 / 地点] + [遇到的问题 / 发生的起因]. 2. 梳理事件经过 概括关键动作或发展阶段（1-2 句） Faced with such a situation, [人物] decided to do sth. / In order to solve the problem, [人物] took several measures, such as doing A and doing B. 3. 交代最终结果 说明事件结局及人物的收获 / 感悟 Finally / Eventually, [事件结果]. From this experience, [人物] learned that /realized that [感悟 / 启示]. 常用句型句式 引出事件 1. This narrative is mainly about [人物] who did sth. in [时间 / 地点]. 2. The passage describes an experience that [人物] went through in [场景]. 3. The story revolves around how [人物] dealt with [问题] successfully. 描述过程 1. At first / Initially, [人物] tried to ... but failed. Then, he/she ... 1. With the help of [某人 / 某物], [人物] managed to ... 1. Despite [困难], [人物] persisted in doing sth. and finally ... 总结结果 / 感悟 1. In the end, [人物] succeeded in doing sth. and gained [收获]. 1. The experience taught [人物] a valuable lesson that ... 1. What impressed us most is that [人物] showed great [品质，如 courage/persistence] in the process. 注意事项 · 时态：以一般过去时为主，若涉及感悟可用一般现在时。 · 人称：严格遵循原文人称，避免随意转换。 【典例剖析】 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. After the sudden loss of her five-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, Natalia Spencer felt she needed to do something to honor the little girl. That strong wish inspired Spencer to start what she calls a “Walk of Love”, a 6,000-mile trek(长途旅行) along the British coastline. “Elizabeth particularly loved the beach and the sea and we visited the seaside a lot. After she passed away, I went to the seaside and it was the first time that I had felt some comfort,” Spencer said. “I knew this was what I had to do. It was something I could do and it would make life more bearable.” On Valentine’s Day, Spencer began walking Durdle Door in Dorset, England, the last beach she took Elizabeth to before she became ill. So far, Spencer has journeyed about 1,500 miles, walking through Dorset , Cornwall, Devon and the entire coast of Wales. Every day, except Saturday, Spencer walks 20 miles. Often locals join her; many times they share stories about losing their own children. Everything changed for Spencer on Nov. 22, 2015. Spencer noticed Elizabeth was ill with what she thought was a chest infection. But the girl’s health worsened rapidly. Doctors diagnosed her with a life-threatening immune condition where the immune cells damage the tissues and organs. This caused Elizabeth’s organs to shut down and stopped the blood supply to her arms and legs. She was moved to Bristol Children’s Hospital where she spent 18 days on life support before passing away on Dec. 10. After Elizabeth died, Spencer struggled. In January, a friend encouraged Spencer to go for a walk and the two ended up at the Gower Peninsula in Wales. While walking provides Spencer with time to grieve(悲伤), she’s also using the trip to raise ￡100,000 for the Bristol Children’s Hospital. Spencer expects to complete her walk next spring. She’d love to finish on Valentine’s Day, but doesn’t know if that is realistic. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 本文是一篇记叙文，围绕娜塔莉亚・斯宾塞发起的 “爱心徒步” 展开，结构为 “起因 — 经过 — 意义 — 计划”： 第 1 段：点明徒步起因 —— 斯宾塞为纪念病逝的女儿伊丽莎白，发起沿英国海岸线的长途徒步。 第 2 段：说明徒步地点关联 —— 女儿热爱海滩，海边能给予斯宾塞慰藉。 第 3 段：描述徒步进程 —— 情人节启程，已走 1500 英里，当地人结伴同行分享经历。 第 4 段：补充女儿离世细节 —— 患病、确诊罕见免疫疾病、救治无效离世。 第 5 段：点明徒步附加意义 —— 在纾解悲痛的同时，为儿童医院筹款。 第 6 段：交代徒步计划 —— 预计明年春天完成，希望情人节收官。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1 Natalia Spencer, lose daughter Elizabeth, honor her, start Walk of Love, 6,000-mile trek (British coastline) 2 Elizabeth loved beach/sea, seaside comforted Spencer 3 start on Valentine’s Day (Durdle Door), 1,500 miles walked, 20 miles/day (except Sat), locals join 4 Elizabeth’s illness (immune condition), 18 days on life support, died 5 walk helps grieve, raise £100,000 for Bristol Children’s Hospital 6 complete next spring, hope to finish on Valentine’s Day 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 · · 起因：Natalia Spencer started a 6,000-mile trek to honor her daughter Elizabeth who died of a serious illness. · · 缘由 & 进程：Elizabeth loved the sea; Spencer began the walk on Valentine’s Day and has covered 1,500 miles with locals joining. · · 意义：The walk helps her grieve and raise money for a children’s hospital. · · 计划：She expects to finish it next spring, preferably on Valentine’s Day. 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 · · 使用 who 引导定语从句，衔接 “女儿离世” 与 “徒步纪念” 的因果关系。 · · 使用 and 串联徒步的两个意义（纾解悲痛、筹款），让逻辑更紧凑。 · · 使用 preferably 替换 “hope”，使表达更简洁地道。 概要写作答案（60词左右） ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Natalia Spencer started a 6,000-mile trek along Britain’s coastline to honor her daughter Elizabeth who died of a severe immune condition. Elizabeth loved the sea, and Spencer began the walk on Valentine’s Day, with locals joining her. The trek helps her grieve and raise £100,000 for a hospital, and she hopes to finish next spring. 考点二 概要写作之议论文 思维建模 根据议论文三要素厘清要点不遗漏 议论文（Argumentation）：找出议论文的三要素，即论点、论据和结论。其关键是找出主题句或结论句。而这种文章的整体结构多数为总分结构、分总结构、平行结构等。因此，我们通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句找论点。若文中有一分为二(即对立观点)的观点，两种观点都要概括，不要漏掉其中一方的观点。 议论文概要写作模板 opinion / idea + argument (supporting ideas / reasons) （一）题型解读 1. 题型特点 文本类型：议论文通常围绕某一观点或现象进行讨论，包含论点、论据和结论。 字数要求：要求考生在60词以内完成概要写作。 考查能力：主要考查考生对文章主旨的把握能力、信息提取能力以及用简洁语言表达的能力。 2. 常见主题 观点对比类：讨论正反两方面的观点。 问题解决类：提出问题并分析解决方法。 道理/观点论证类：论证某一观点的正确性。 说明利弊类：分析某一事物的优缺点。 （二）写作步骤与技巧 1. 通读全文，梳理结构 略读：快速浏览文章，明确文章的主旨和结构。 划分段落：根据文章结构，划分出不同部分，找出每段的中心句。 2. 提炼要点，去次留精 提取关键信息：提取每段的中心思想和主要支持点，忽略细节。 关键词汇：关注文章中的关键词汇，帮助概括主要内容。 对立观点：如果文章中有不同观点，两种观点都要概括，不能遗漏任何一方。 3. 组织语言，简洁表达 使用简单句：尽量使用简单句和短句，避免复杂句式。 合理转换表达：用同义词或短语替换原文中的关键词，但要保持原意。 连贯性：使用适当的连接词（如“and”“but”“then”等）使内容连贯。 4. 检查核对，确保准确 核对要点：检查是否遗漏了关键信息。 语法检查：确保句子结构正确，时态一致。 字数控制：严格控制在60字左右。 （三）模板及句型 核心原则 提炼 中心论点 + 分论点 / 论据 + 结论，剔除例子、数据等细节，客观转述作者观点。 写作模板 步骤 写作内容 句式示例 1. 点明中心论点 概括作者对某话题的核心观点 The author argues /holds the view that [中心论点] on the topic of [话题]. 2. 概括支撑论据 列举 1-2 个核心分论点 / 论据 To support the idea, the author puts forward two main reasons. Firstly, ... Secondly, ... 3. 总结结论 / 呼吁 说明作者的最终主张或建议 In conclusion / To sum up, the author suggests that [结论 / 呼吁]. / Therefore, it is necessary for us to [作者建议]. 常用句型句式 引出论点 1. The passage discusses whether /why [话题] is important /necessary. 2. The writer points out that [中心论点] is the key to [相关结果]. 3. As far as the author is concerned, [观点] should be paid more attention to. 列举论据 1. For one thing, ... For another thing, ... 1. On one hand, the author believes that ... On the other hand, he/she also emphasizes that ... 1. One of the main arguments is that ... Another supporting reason is that ... 总结观点 1. In a word, the author stresses that we should [建议]. 1. From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that [论点]. 1. Thus / Hence, the author calls on people to [呼吁，如 take action/change the attitude]. 注意事项 · 避免主观评判：不加入自己的观点，只转述原文内容。 · 逻辑连接：合理使用 firstly, besides, finally, however 等连接词，保证条理清晰。 【典例剖析】 The Future Without Middle Managers The rise of technology has dramatically reshaped business operations. Instant communication, real-time feedback, and easy access to information have enhanced efficiency and collaboration. Yet these advances have also triggered a quiet restructuring of the workforce — most notably, the steady decline of traditional middle management roles. Much like the Industrial Revolution replaced skilled craftsmen with machines, modern technology now automates many tasks once handled by middle managers: performance tracking, reporting, and basic supervision. As teams become more self-directed and tools take over routine work, roles that rely primarily on general oversight are becoming less essential. This shift also reflects a broader change in how expertise (专业知识) is valued. In the past, career growth often meant staying with one company, gradually gaining deep institutional knowledge and earning respect. Today, information is widely available. The ability to search and learn quickly has weakened the advantage of generalists and highlighted the importance of specialized, hard-to-replace skills. Workplace culture has evolved as well. Younger generations tend to prefer coaching over management. They want to be guided by those with hands-on expertise, not overseen by someone whose role is limited to supervision. For current middle managers, this doesn’t mean their roles are about to disappear — but it does call for adaptation. Success now depends on two key investments. First, professionals must have rare and valuable skills — a “signature” strength that distinguishes them in their field. Increasingly, credibility comes not from title but from demonstrated expertise, often recognized through peer networks or professional communities. Second, lifelong learning is essential. Workers must continue to grow and evolve, exploring new fields and updating their skill sets. As some forms of knowledge lose relevance, others — such as coaching, clean energy, digital health, or creative problem-solving—will likely gain importance. Technology isn’t going to stop reshaping the workplace. The real question is whether we are ready to reshape ourselves. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，聚焦技术发展对职场中层管理岗位的影响。文章指出技术进步重塑商业运营模式，致使传统中层管理岗位逐渐衰落，并从技术自动化、专业知识价值转变、职场文化演变三个角度分析衰落原因；最后提出中层管理者需培养专属核心技能、坚持终身学习以适应职场变革，强调职场人需主动自我重塑以应对技术带来的挑战。 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 本文采用 “提出问题 — 分析原因 — 给出对策 — 总结升华” 的议论文结构： 1. 第 1 段：引出核心话题 —— 技术重塑商业运营，引发职场结构调整，传统中层管理岗位持续衰落。 2. 第 2-4 段：分析中层管理岗位衰落的三大原因 —— 技术自动化替代中层日常工作、专业知识价值转向专精技能、职场文化偏向专业指导而非层级监督。 3. 第 5-6 段：提出中层管理者的应对策略 —— 培养独特且稀缺的核心技能、坚持终身学习以更新技能体系。 4. 第 7 段：总结升华 —— 技术对职场的重塑不会停止，关键在于职场人是否做好自我重塑的准备。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1 technology, reshape business operations, decline of traditional middle management roles 2 automate tasks (performance tracking, reporting, supervision), self-directed teams 3 shift in expertise value, specialized skills > generalists, institutional knowledge less important 4 workplace culture evolution, younger generations prefer coaching over supervision 5 middle managers need adaptation, signature strength, expertise over title 6 lifelong learning, update skill sets (coaching, clean energy, digital health etc.) 7 technology keeps reshaping workplace, need to reshape ourselves 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 1. 核心现象：Technology reshapes business operations, leading to the decline of traditional middle management roles. 2. 衰落原因：Technology automates their routine tasks, specialized skills are more valued, and younger generations prefer coaching to supervision. 3. 应对策略：Middle managers should develop unique strengths and stick to lifelong learning to adapt to the changes. 4. 总结观点：Technology will keep reshaping the workplace, so people need to reshape themselves. 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 · 使用 leading to 体现技术发展与中层岗位衰落的因果关系，让句子更简洁紧凑。 · 使用 not only...but also... 可串联多个衰落原因，增强表达的逻辑性（也可拆分表述，控制词数）。 · 使用 so 衔接最后一段的 “技术持续重塑职场” 与 “自我重塑” 的必要性。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 概要写作答案（60词左右） Technology reshapes business operations, causing the decline of traditional middle management roles. This is due to automated routine work, valued specialized skills and changed workplace culture. Middle managers need to develop unique strengths and keep lifelong learning to adapt, as people should reshape themselves for the changing workplace. 【语篇训练】 Passage 1【来源】上海市2025-2026学年高三上学期12月春考适应性调研卷英语试题 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Winter Home Cooking In winter, when days shorten too quickly, cooking helps me keep a clear sense of time rather than soften feelings. Water boiling at six, bread warming at seven, dishes washed before eight give order to evenings that might otherwise fade into each other. It is not comfort I seek, but a simple structure that keeps the season from collapsing into sameness. Recipes that require only salt, heat and patience appeal to me most. Cutting the vegetables into equal pieces and watching them cook at a steady pace offers a small but steady sense of control, which is rare in winter weeks filled with delays and sudden changes. The kitchen does not ask me to feel better, only to follow steps that stay predictable. Cooking is one of the few tasks in which progress is visible. Soup deepens, rice softens, sauce thickens, and each minute has form. Unlike scrolling through messages or sitting in long silence, the cooker gives feedback I can trust. Winter often slows thought without slowing hours, and cooking helps bring them back into agreement. Some dishes come from memory rather than instruction. A noodle soup my grandmother made on cold weekends, or apples baked the way she preferred, returns without ceremony. Winter does not make these meals sentimental, only familiar. The warmth is not emotional but a quiet link to past routines, a small record of hands that cooked before mine. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】示例： Cooking keeps me grounded in time, when winter time collapses rapidly. I’m mostly in simple recipes, where I have steady control, on changeable winter days. When days fly, I can’t even reflect clearly, while visible cooking progresses push me off massive messages or silence. Besides, winter brings familiarity to dishes in my memory, which connects present me and past routines. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者冬日烹饪的体验，烹饪为其带来时间秩序与掌控感，其可见进展协调思绪，且记忆中的菜肴搭建起与过往的联结。 【详解】1. 要点摘录： ①In winter, when days shorten too quickly, cooking helps me keep a clear sense of time rather than soften feelings. It is not comfort I seek, but a simple structure that keeps the season from collapsing into sameness. ②Recipes that require only salt, heat and patience appeal to me most. Cutting the vegetables into equal pieces and watching them cook at a steady pace offers a small but steady sense of control. ③Cooking is one of the few tasks in which progress is visible. Winter often slows thought without slowing hours, and cooking helps bring them back into agreement. ④Some dishes come from memory rather than instruction. The warmth is not emotional but a quiet link to past routines, a small record of hands that cooked before mine. 2. 缜密构思： 整合①②③点，提炼烹饪在冬日为作者带来的核心价值（时间秩序、掌控感、协调思绪）；以第④点补充记忆类菜肴的意义 3.遣词造句： Cooking keeps me grounded in time, as winter time collapses quickly. I’m fond of simple recipes, where I have steady control, on changeable winter days. Days flying, I can’t even reflect clearly, while visible cooking progresses push me off massive messages or silence. Besides, winter brings familiarity to dishes in my memory, connecting present me and past routines. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Cooking keeps me grounded in time, when winter time collapses rapidly.（用when引导的时间状语从句对一段部分内容进行总结） [高分句型2]I’m fond of simple recipes, where I have steady control, on changeable winter days. （用where引导非限定性定语从句对第二段部分内容进行总结） Passage 2【来源】上海市徐汇区上海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Power of Trust As an athlete, I’ve always worked hard to push myself to my limits and with that usually comes some aches and pains. So last year when I started to feel some muscle soreness after a tough workout at first I didn’t think it was a big deal. I was training for a marathon at the time, so over the weekend I’d done a 13-mile run. The following Tuesday I hit my favorite CrossFit gym to do a workout that involved a lot of upper body weight lifting. My trainer told me to take it easy on my body, but I figured I’d be fine and powered through it. Afterward, my trainer noticed a slight swelling (肿胀) in my arm and said he was worried. I tried to brush him off but he insisted I drink a lot of water and check in with him in a few hours. Sure enough, by that afternoon the swelling had increased and I headed to the doctor. I still thought he was making a mountain out of a molehill but I trusted my trainer so I did it. The doctor took one look at me and diagnosed me with rhabdomyolysis (横纹肌溶解症), a life-threatening condition where muscle overuse causes kidney failure. As they gave me IV fluids to clear my blood, my doctor told me that if I’d waited even another 30 minutes, we would have been having this discussion in the emergency room. I made a full recovery over the weekend, thanks in no small part to my trainer. I was a very experienced CrossFitter and still hadn’t seen any problems. Thankfully I had a great trainer I could trust so that I survived. Trust is important. It allows us to rely on others’ judgment when our own perspective is clouded by determination or pride. Whether it’s a coach, friend, or mentor, trusting someone can protect us from harm, push us toward better choices, and sometimes, quite literally, save our lives. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As an experienced athlete, I had tough training for marathon despite sore muscles, when my trainer warned me of the swollen arm and expressed his concern. It was then identified as a serious condition that almost killed me. I fully recovered thanks to my trainer and I learned that trust helps us make wise decisions based on other’ perspectives. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者作为运动员备战马拉松时高强度训练致手臂肿胀，虽起初不在意但信任教练就医，确诊危及生命的横纹肌溶解症，及时治疗后康复，由此感悟信任能依靠他人判断帮自己规避伤害甚至挽救生命。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①I was training for a marathon at the time, so over the weekend I’d done a 13-mile run. The following Tuesday I hit my favorite CrossFit gym to do a workout that involved a lot of upper body weight lifting. ②Afterward, my trainer noticed a slight swelling in my arm and said he was worried. ③The doctor took one look at me and diagnosed me with rhabdomyolysis, a life-threatening condition where muscle overuse causes kidney failure. ④I made a full recovery over the weekend, thanks in no small part to my trainer. ⑤Trust is important. It allows us to rely on others’ judgment when our own perspective is clouded by determination or pride. 2. 缜密构思 将第①点作为总起句，点明作者的训练背景；将第②点作为关键情节，说明教练的提醒；将第③点作为病情的核心信息，体现状况的严重性；将第④点作为康复结果，强调教练的作用；将第⑤点作为总结句，点明信任的意义。 3. 遣词造句 As an experienced athlete, I had tough training for marathon despite sore muscles, when my trainer warned me of the swollen arm and expressed his concern. It was then identified as a serious condition that almost killed me. I fully recovered thanks to my trainer and I learned that trust helps us make wise decisions based on other’ perspectives. 【点睛】[高分句型1] It was then identified as a serious condition that almost killed me.（运用了that引导的限制性定语从句） [高分句型2] I fully recovered thanks to my trainer and I learned that trust helps us make wise decisions based on other’ perspectives.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） Passage 3 【来源】上海市控江、复兴、市西、松二、金山、奉贤六校2025-2026学年高三上学期期中联考英语试卷 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Should you blame yourself for your bad habits? In the 1960s, Stanford psychologist Walter Mischel tested self-control by leaving children alone with a sweet: they could eat one at once, or wait and get two. Those who waited later did better at school, were happier, and earned more, leading him to see self-control as key to success. Later research, however, questioned this. His study was small and narrow. Larger studies show wealthier children resist temptation more easily, often because they trust the reward will come. Environment strongly shapes self-control, so we are not entirely in charge of it. Luck also plays a role. You did not choose where you were born, how supportive your parents were, or what talents you received. What people usually take responsibility for is how they use those circumstances—whether they waste their advantages or manage to overcome difficulties. Yet even perseverance and willpower are influenced by genes, as shown in recent twin studies. The modern world adds further challenges. Technology and marketing target our reward systems: phones are designed to hold our attention, advertisements follow us online, and shopping platforms encourage unplanned purchases. If resisting temptation feels harder now, that is not only a personal weakness but also the result of a system built to exploit it. What, then, is the right conclusion? We should not imagine that self-control is simply a matter of inner strength, nor that we are powerless victims of circumstance. A more realistic view is that habits are formed at the intersection of personal choices and external conditions. People who seem especially self-disciplined often succeed not because they resist temptation better, but because they arrange their environment, routines, and goals in ways that reduce the need for constant willpower. Recognising both the limits of personal control and the power of context allows us to take smarter, fairer steps toward change. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Stanford’s test suggested self-control predicted success, but later research showed wealth, environment, and trust shape it more than willpower alone. Genes, luck, and modern temptations like technology and advertising also influence behavior. True self-discipline lies less in resisting urges than in shaping environments and routines that reduce constant struggles with temptation. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了是否应该因自己的坏习惯而自责，通过斯坦福大学的心理测试引出话题，指出自我控制并非完全取决于个人意志力，而是受财富、环境、信任、基因、运气以及现代诱惑等多重因素影响。真正的自律不在于抵制诱惑，而在于塑造减少与诱惑持续斗争的环境和习惯。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①In the 1960s, Stanford psychologist Walter Mischel tested self-control and found self-control is key to success. ②Later research, however, questioned this. Larger studies show wealthier children resist temptation more easily, often because they trust the reward will come. Environment strongly shapes self-control, so we are not entirely in charge of it. ③Luck also plays a role. Yet even perseverance and willpower are influenced by genes, as shown in recent twin studies. ④The modern world adds further challenges. Technology and marketing target our reward systems: phones are designed to hold our attention, advertisements follow us online, and shopping platforms encourage unplanned purchases. ⑤People who seem especially self-disciplined often succeed not because they resist temptation better, but because they arrange their environment, routines, and goals in ways that reduce the need for constant willpower. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4两个要点进行整合，第5要点单独成点。 3. 遣词造句 The initial Stanford experiment indicated that self-control was a significant factor in achieving success. Subsequent studies, however, revealed that factors such as wealth, environmental influences, and levels of trust have a greater impact on one's ability to resist temptation than sheer willpower. Genetic predispositions, luck, and the temptations of the modern era, including technology and advertising, also play pivotal roles in shaping our behaviors. Genuine self-discipline is more about structuring our surroundings and daily habits to minimize the continuous battle with temptations, rather than merely resisting them. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Stanford’s test suggested self-control predicted success, but later research showed wealth, environment, and trust shape it more than willpower alone. （运用but连接两个句子，形成对比转折关系，简洁明了地概括了斯坦福测试和后续研究的不同结论。） [高分句型2] True self-discipline lies less in resisting urges than in shaping environments and routines that reduce constant struggles with temptation. （运用less...than...结构以及that引导的定语从句，强调了真正的自律更多在于塑造环境和日常习惯，而非单纯抵制冲动。） Passage 4【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试题 The Case for a Mentoring (指导) Program Teachers and leaders at our school are continually telling us that we should become more engaged in the community by volunteering our time. After thinking about this, I have a suggestion that would not only help high school students get involved but would also help elementary students in our district. Many of the students at our high school have excellent academic skills. With a mentoring program, these students could put their skills to use by helping younger students who are struggling academically. My own sister, who attends one of the elementary schools that feeds into our high school, is having a hard time in math. Her classroom is crowded, and she can’t always get the one-on-one attention that she needs to understand a new concept. She has told me that she has many friends who also need help. A mentoring program in which high school students tutor elementary school students could be the solution. By using a mentoring program, struggling youngsters could get the individual attention they need to master new concepts. In researching mentoring programs, I learned of several promising results. According to an article published in the November 2005 Education World, elementary school students raised their reading levels significantly in a short period of time after being tutored by high school students. Furthermore, volunteering seems to have a positive influence on the high school mentors themselves. As students learn how to be good mentors, they focus on effective communication skills, including how to share and how to listen, all boosted significantly. Generally speaking, these skills are valuable for everyone. Additionally, mentors get the satisfaction of meaningfully contributing to their community and future generations. Because mentoring programs have proven to be so successful, they are also undergoing certain changes. Some schools pair high school students with elementary students to practice computer skills, to play sports, to learn to play a musical instrument, or to discover how to be a good citizen. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The author suggests a school mentoring program, where high school students with strong academic skills tutor struggling elementary students. The program benefits younger learners by providing much-needed one-on-one attention. For mentors, it boosts communication skills and brings the satisfaction of contributing to the community. Such programs have proven successful and now expand to areas like computer skills and sports. 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了建立指导项目的必要性和益处。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Teachers and leaders at our school are continually telling us that we should become more engaged in the community by volunteering our time. I have a suggestion that would not only help high school students get involved but would also help elementary students in our district. ②With a mentoring program, these students could put their skills to use by helping younger students who are struggling academically. ③Furthermore, volunteering seems to have a positive influence on the high school mentors themselves. ④Because mentoring programs have proven to be so successful, they are also undergoing certain changes. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总结，作为背景引入，将2、3三个要点进行整合，作为建立指导项目的益处，第4个要点作为总结。 3.遣词造句A mentoring program enables high school students to aid struggling elementary students academically, benefiting both. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The author suggests a school mentoring program, where high school students with strong academic skills tutor struggling elementary students.运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第一、二段进行了概括。其中when引导了定语从句，表达非常高级。 【高分句型2】The program benefits younger learners by providing much-needed one-on-one attention.运用了非谓语动词，对原文第二段进行了概括。其中动名词providing，作by的宾语，表达非常高级。 Passage 5【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Are touchscreens in cars dangerous? For years almost every new car sold has come with a high-tech, futuristic screen, which controls everything from the air conditioning to the music. Even safety features like automatic lane-keeping are sometimes screen-controlled. But are touchscreens safe? The case for the accusation is straightforward. If fiddling with the screen of a smartphone while driving is distracting, and therefore dangerous, then doing likewise with your car’s is probably risky too. Drivers can learn the location of physical controls, and press buttons or twiddle dials without taking their eyes off the road. A touchscreen offers no physical feedback, making that much harder. And because a screen must do dozens of jobs, finding a particular setting often means tapping through several sub-menus. The result, say critics, is a dangerous distraction built into the car itself. Research backs that up. A study, done in 2024 by researchers at SINTEF, a Norwegian contract-research organisation, used gaze-tracking cameras to compare how long drivers were distracted while performing different tasks on a touchscreen. Even the quickest job — changing the temperature — meant three and a half seconds, on average, of not looking at the road. Finding a new radio station took 11 seconds, and putting a new address into the satellite navigation took 16. An analysis published in 2020 by the Transport Research Laboratory, a British organisation, found that touchscreens impaired a driver’s reaction time more than driving over the legal alcohol limit. Safety organisations are beginning to notice. From January new rules from Euro NCAP, an organisation that provides safety ratings for cars sold in Europe, will mean no car can get a full five-star score unless certain crucial functions — indicators, for instance, or the windscreen wipers — are controlled by real switches. Euro NCAP’s safety guidelines have no legal force. But carmakers use its ratings as a selling-point. But innovation never stops. Even as touchscreens are falling out of favour, many manufacturers are turning their attention to voice control — though that is a subject for another story. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】      Most new cars are equipped with touchscreens controlling various functions, but they’re dangerous as they lack physical feedback and require complex sub-menu operations, distracting drivers. Studies show they cause long distraction and impair reaction time more than drunk driving. Euro NCAP will introduce new rules requiring real switches for key functions, while carmakers are shifting to voice control. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要围绕汽车触摸屏的安全性展开，指出其因缺乏物理反馈、操作复杂而分散司机注意力，相关研究证实其危害甚至超过酒驾，欧洲安全机构将出台新规规范关键功能控制方式，车企则转向语音控制技术。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①For years almost every new car sold has come with a high-tech, futuristic screen, which controls everything from the air conditioning to the music. ②But are touchscreens safe? The case for the accusation is straightforward. ③A study, done in 2024 by researchers at SINTEF, a Norwegian contract-research organisation, used gaze-tracking cameras to compare how long drivers were distracted while performing different tasks on a touchscreen. ④Euro NCAP’s safety guidelines have no legal force. But carmakers use its ratings as a selling-point. 2. 缜密构思 整合①②，③④要点 3. 遣词造句 Most new cars have touchscreens for diverse functions, but they’re dangerous owing to no physical feedback and complex sub-menu operations that distract drivers. Studies prove they lead to long distraction and impair reaction time more than drunk driving, so Euro NCAP will require real switches for key functions, with carmakers shifting to voice control. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】Most new cars are equipped with touchscreens controlling various functions, but they’re dangerous as they lack physical feedback and require complex sub-menu operations, distracting drivers. (运用 as 引导原因状语从句，现在分词短语作结果状语，对一二段部分内容进行总结) 【高分句型 2】Studies show they cause long distraction and impair reaction time more than drunk driving. (运用省略that的宾语从句，对第三段进行总结，句型高级) 【高分句型 3】Euro NCAP will introduce new rules requiring real switches for key functions, while carmakers are shifting to voice control. (运用while连接的时间状语从句，对第四，五段进行总结，表达高级) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司6 / 31 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $