第01讲 概要写作之记叙文、议论文速成技巧（专项训练）（上海专用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

第01讲 概要写作之记叙文、议论文速成技巧 目录 01 课标达标练 考向01 记叙文概要写作 考向02 议论文概要写作 02 核心突破练 03 真题溯源练 考向01 记叙文概要写作 · 记叙文概要写作详解 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.  Yesterday Matt was sick.I picked up Archie from the sitter and Eloise from school and decided to run to Target for a few things.I had hoped to be in and out quickly. I found a line with just one person ahead of me and began organizing my items on the conveyor.After placing my items，I looked up to see that the person ahead of me was an elderly woman. She was paying for her items with change and wanted to purchase each separately.I was frustrated with this woman and the inconvenience she had placed on me. But then I watched the young employee with this woman.I watched him help her count her change，ever so softly taking it from her shaking hands. When she asked if she had enough to buy a reusable bag，he told her she did and went two lines over to get one for her and then repackaged her items.Never once was this employee angry.He was nothing but patient and kind. As I was watching him，I saw that Eloise was too.She was standing next to the woman，watching the employee count the change.I realized I hadn’t been inconvenienced at all.That my daughter was instead witnessing kindness and patience and being taught this valuable lesson by a complete stranger. When the woman was finished，the employee began ringing up my items and thanked me for my patience.I then thanked him for teaching us patience and kindness by his treatment of that elderly woman.When he was finished I pushed my cart through the store trying to find the manager.I wanted her to know of the employee’s kindness and patience and how much it meant to me.After tracking her down and sharing the story with her，we left Target with a cart full of consumable items，but what is more，a heart full of gratitude for such an invaluable lesson. If you are ever in the Glendale Target，give Ishmael a smile and a nod.The world could use more people like him. 【写作指导】 要写好记叙文的概要，先要找到以下两个问题的答案：(1)谁做了什么？(2)结果如何？如果是夹叙夹议文，还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育意义。就该题而言，本文的概要应该包含：作者购物的时间、地点、结果以及从本次购物中得到的启示，最后用自己的语言串联起来。根据文本内容，这是一篇故事类的记叙文，要求对其进行概要写作。因此，我们先找出记叙文的六要素： · When—One day · Where—went to Target · Who— the writer with two children · What—for shopping; found an old lady was troublesome · How/Why—was touched by · Result— her children would learn a lot from this experience 列出了要点之后，我们就可以用自己的话将要点组织起来，概括成一段约60词的通顺概要： _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 The passage tells us an experience of shopping.(要点1)One day，the author with two children went to Target for shopping.(要点2)While waiting in line, she found an old lady was troublesome, but the young employee treated her patiently.(要点3)Seeing that, the author was touched by his kindness and patience and she thought her children would learn a lot from this experience.(要点4) 考向02 议论文概要写作 · 议论文概要写作详解 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.  The advantages of social networking Why do most people sign up to social networking sites? ①The main reason is to stay in touch with other people. These sites also help people to find their childhood friends that they have lost touch with. Renewing these long-lost friendships is just a click away. It is very exciting to be able to catch up with friends and keep up with their news on an almost daily basis thanks to frequent updates.② Keep up-to-date,however,doesn’t have to be restricted to friends and acquaintances(相识的人）.What many people tend to forget is that they can also use networking sites for professional reasons. It is actually a great way of finding out about upcoming job opportunities. Friends might know about job vacancies that may not be advertised elsewhere or they can even recommend their friends for certain jobs. Even people already employed can promote their business online. This is particularly important for artists, actors and musicians who can create pages devoted to their band or theatre company, and inform fans about their gigs(现场演唱会）or latest exhibitions. In addition, the sites can be used to allow the public to give instant feedback on the artists’ work and to interact with their favourite artist.③ Another great advantage of social networking sites is how easy it is to organize an event with your friends. Thanks to different settings people can organize their friends by different criteria(标准）. These criteria could be how close friends they are, common interests and hobbies or where they live. This means if a certain event takes place, for example, an open-air concert or a football match, all they have to do is invite the right group of friends to attend. Some networking sites offer a range of quizzes and games, so friends living on opposite sides of the globe can invite each other to participate and compete in a variety of games without leaving their homes.④ 【写作指导】 Step 1：细读全文，明确主题。 本文主要是社交网络的优点。 Step 2：划分要点。 本文分4个要点，已在文中标出。 Step 3：标主题句或关键词。 已在文中用横线标出每段主题句。 Step 4：概括。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Social networking sites benefit people in several different ways. Not only do they allow people to keep in close touch with friends old or new, but they provide potential job opportunities and encourage online business promotion plus interaction. Moreover, they facilitate the organization of various events, connecting people with similar hobbies or preferences globally.(54words) Passage 1 （2024·上海格致中学阶段练习） Babe Didrikson Zaharias was one of the most extraordinary athletes of all time. She achieved particular success in basketball, track and field, and golf. She also competed in baseball, boxing, diving and many other sports. In 1950, the Associated Press declared Babe Zaharias to be the “Woman Athlete of the Half-Century”. From a young age, her goal was to be “the greatest athlete to ever live”. As a teenager, she acquired the nickname “Babe” in reference to Babe Ruth, a professional baseball player. She never passed up a chance to play ball. One day, when she was a little girl, her mother sent her to the grocery store to buy some beef for dinner. On the way home, Babe spotted some boys playing baseball. She dropped her purchases and joined the game. An hour later, her angry mother showed up, looking for the groceries. Babe pointed to where she’d left it. A dog was happily enjoying the last piece. Zaharias gained fame at the 1932 Olympic Games. She won gold medals in the javelin (标枪) throw and the 80-metre hurdles (跨栏), but she was deprived of a third gold medal in the high jump because she had used the unorthodox (不正规的) Western roll to achieve the highest jump. Her Olympic success brought her national attention. In 1932, Zaharias began playing golf and was soon winning important championships in the sport. In 1950, Zaharias helped found the Ladies Professional Golf Association, and she became the LPGA’s star competitor. Not only did she attract interest in the women’s game, she revolutionized the sport and was known for her powerful drives. Zaharias died of cancer in 1956, at the age of 45. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Babe Didrikson Zaharias achieved particular success in basketball, track and field, and golf. She loved sports when she was young. At the 1932 Olympic Games, Zaharias won gold medals in the javelin throw and the 80-metre hurdles, as a result of which she gained fame. Since 1932, she had won important championships in the golf. She was one of the greatest athletes of all time. 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了有史以来最伟大的运动员之一Babe Didrikson Zaharias的运动历程。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Babe Didrikson Zaharias was one of the most extraordinary athletes of all time. She achieved particular success in basketball, track and field, and golf.   ②From a young age, her goal was to be “the greatest athlete to ever live”. ③Zaharias gained fame at the 1932 Olympic Games. She won gold medals in the javelin (标枪) throw and the 80-metre hurdles (跨栏). ④In 1932, Zaharias began playing golf and was soon winning important championships in the sport. 2.缜密构思 将第1、4两个要点进行重组，将总结性语句放在文章最后。将2、3两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 From a young age, She loved sports. At the 1932 Olympic Games, won gold medals in the javelin throw and the 80-metre hurdles, by which she gained fame. 【点睛】【高分句型1】She loved sports when she was young.运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第二段进行了概括。其中when引导了时间状语从句，表达非常高级。 【高分句型2】At the 1932 Olympic Games, Zaharias won gold medals in the javelin throw and the 80-metre hurdles, as a result of which she gained fame. 运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第三段进行了概括。其中which引导的定语从句，修饰主句，表达非常高级。 Passage 2 【2024学年向明中学9月学科检测高三年级英语试卷】 Buy Experiences, not Possessions Over the past several years, researchers have conducted scientific studies suggesting experiential purchases (such as travel, and outdoor activities) tend to bring people more happiness than material ones (for instance, clothing, and electronic goods). Recently, they have investigated another downstream consequence. They conducted a series of 13 experiments, asking people to think about either experiential or material purchases and then rate feelings on nine-point scales. In some studies, people reported feeling more ties with someone who had made the same experiential purchase than someone with the same material purchase. Owning the same T-shirt or sneakers as someone else is an interesting coincidence, but hiking the same trail or seeing the same performance makes people feel more connected. This reflects the fact that experiential purchases are more central to an individual’s identity because this kind of consumption tends to represent more of one’s true, essential sense of self. These findings apply even when people think about how their experiences differ. Researchers asked participants to consider a situation in which they met someone who had made a similar experiential or material purchase, but the other person’s purchase was “upgraded”. Even in these cases, experiences were more likely to foster connection between people than material items were. Knowing that another person has a better version of what you have can create a sense of social distance. What researchers observe, however, is that this distance feels less wide when it comes to experiential purchases. Although unpleasant social comparisons can be commonplace in terms of possessions, it may be easier to find common ground and connect with someone else over similar experiences. Researchers also discovered experiential consumption fosters a sense of social connectedness more broadly. People who reflected on experiences they had acquired—rather than material goods—reported a broader sense of connection to humanity. They were more likely to express a greater desire to engage in social activities than they do after they reflect on an important possession. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Experiential purchases tend to bring people more happiness than material ones, which can be shown by the downstream consequence. People feel more ties with someone having the same experiential purchase even when their experiences differ, because the consumption tends to represent more of one’s true, essential sense of self. Also, experiential consumption fosters a sense of social connectedness more broadly. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了经历性购买往往比物质性购买给人们带来更多的幸福可以通过下游后果来证明。即使人们的在经历时有所差别，人们也会觉得与拥有相同体验消费的人有更多的联系。此外，经历式消费更广泛地培养了一种社会联系感。 【详解】要点摘录 ①Over the past several years, researchers have conducted scientific studies suggesting experiential purchases (such as travel, and outdoor activities) tend to bring people more happiness than material ones (for instance, clothing, and electronic goods). Recently, they have investigated another downstream consequence. ②In some studies, people reported feeling more ties with someone who had made the same experiential purchase than someone with the same material purchase. ③This reflects the fact that experiential purchases are more central to an individual’s identity because this kind of consumption tends to represent more of one’s true, essential sense of self. ④These findings apply even when people think about how their experiences differ. ⑤Researchers also discovered experiential consumption fosters a sense of social connectedness more broadly. 2.缜密构思 将第①要点进行重组，将第②③④三个要点进行整合，将第⑤要点进行重组。 3.遣词造句 ①Experiential purchases tend to bring people more happiness than material ones, which can be shown by the downstream consequence. ②People feel more ties with someone having the same experiential purchase even when their experiences differ, because the consumption tends to represent more of one’s true, essential sense of self. ③Also, experiential consumption fosters a sense of social connectedness more broadly. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Experiential purchases tend to bring people more happiness than material ones, which can be shown by the downstream consequence.（运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段进行了概括，点明文章主要论点。其中which引导非限制性定语从句，从句中使用被动语态结构等表达高级）。 [高分句型2]：People feel more ties with someone having the same experiential purchase even when their experiences differ, because the consumption tends to represent more of one’s true, essential sense of self.（运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第二段，第三段，第四段进行了高度概括，总结论据合理。其中when引导时间状语从句，because引导原因状语从句，以及现在分词作后置定语等表达非常高级。 Passage 3 【2024届上海市奉贤区格致中学高考英语阶段模拟试卷】 On Sunday, the second day of Spring Festival, a man was killed after he fell into the tiger enclosure while trying to get into the zoo in Ningbo, East China’s Zhejiang Province, without paying for a ticket. The tragedy cost two lives, as the tiger was shot dead when zoo employees tried to rescue the man. As news of the incident spread, the majority of voices online blamed the dead man for the animal’s death. Some said this was a sign that people are becoming more cold hearted. But they are wrong. People have been displaying increasingly more enthusiasm for helping those in need and participating in charity work. In 2016, the China Charity Federation received donations of 18.8 billion yuan ($2.7 billion) in total, 46 percent more than the donations received in 2015, and they sent helping hands to one tragedy after another. People are just tired of forgiving those in the wrong. While sympathy is right, it has been abused too much. When somebody commits a crime, no matter how cruel the crime is, media outlets explain the criminal’s miserable childhood and there are calls for forgiveness. When someone smokes in public, there are always people calling for tolerance. People are fed up and angry with lawbreakers escaping their due punishments in the name of forgiveness and tolerance. But going back to the tragedy at the wildlife park in Ningbo, the tiger’s death shows the park was not well prepared for such emergencies. They did not have any tranquilizer guns that could sedate the tiger immediately and save the lives of both the man and the endangered animal. In the meantime, it is necessary to raise people’s awareness that the animals in zoos and wildlife parks are not domesticated pets, and of the need for visitors to observe rules for their own safety. The man in the Ningbo incident paid for his fault with his life, but the tiger was killed for his fault, too. We sincerely hope no more tigers or humans will pay for such fault. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A man, trying to avoid admission fee, climbed over the wall, ending up costing his own life and the life of the tiger eating him in the zoo in Ningbo. (要点1) Many people blame the rule offender for the death of the tiger not because they are cold­blooded but because rules should be respected and sympathy shouldn’t be abused. (要点2) To avoid such tragedies, the park should take more emergency precautions and the public should raise their awareness of obeying rules. (要点3) 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要叙述了在宁波的动物园里，一名男子为了逃避门票费，翻墙后被老虎吃掉了。许多人将老虎的死亡归咎于违规者，他们认为规则应该得到尊重，同情不应该被滥用。作责提出为了避免此类悲剧，公园应该采取更多的紧急预防措施，公众应该提高遵守规则的意识。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①a man was killed after he fell into the tiger enclosure while trying to get into the zoo in Ningbo, East China’s Zhejiang Province, without paying for a ticket. The tragedy cost two lives, as the tiger was shot dead when zoo employees tried to rescue the man. ②the majority of voices online blamed the dead man for the animal’s death. Some said this was a sign that people are becoming more cold hearted. But they are wrong. People are just tired of forgiving those in the wrong. While sympathy is right, it has been abused too much. ③the tiger’s death shows the park was not well prepared for such emergencies. ④In the meantime, it is necessary to raise people’s awareness 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 A man, who tried to avoid admission fee, climbed over the wall, ending up costing his own life and the life of the tiger eating him in the zoo in Ningbo. Many people think the rule offender is to blame for the death of the tiger not because they are cold­blooded but because rules should be respected and sympathy shouldn’t be abused. 【点睛】【高分句型1】A man, trying to avoid admission fee, climbed over the wall, ending up costing his own life and the life of the tiger eating him in the zoo in Ningbo. 用一个复杂的现在分词trying作定语和现在分词ending作结果状语的句子，对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 【高分句型2】Many people blame the rule offender for the death of the tiger not because they are cold­blooded but because rules should be respected and sympathy shouldn’t be abused.用一个复杂的带有两个because引导的原因状语从句的复合句，对原文第三段、第四段和第五段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 【高分句型3】To avoid such tragedies, the park should take more emergency precautions and the public should raise their awareness of obeying rules.用一个带有不定式To avoid作目的状语的句子，对原文第六段、第七段和第八段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 Passage 4 【上海市上海师范大学附属中学闵行分校2024-2025学年高三上学期英语月考试卷】 How to make resolutions stick How are those New Year’s resolutions going? If you’re persisting, good for you. Many people do not. Given that the real challenge seems to be not making resolutions, but keeping them, I would like to understand more about that challenge. There is a revealing story at the end of How to Change in which Milkman and her colleague Angela Duckworth discuss the success of a large experiment. This experiment was run with a national gym chain and aimed to get people exercising more. Had it been a success? While the experimental persuasions were demonstrably effective at getting people to go to the gym during the four- week experimental period, they were far less effective at getting people to maintain their gym- going habit. If you hope for persistent results, one possible answer is persistent persuasion. There are other approaches. David Epstein, for example, had been struggling to quit his late- night snacking habit. When moving house, he simply decided that he would leave the old habit in the old house. This approach, he writes, was completely successful. Epstein also made a clear plan, something that is often missing from resolutions. Your resolutions to exercise more? Great! Where and how will you exercise, and when will you do it? It is better to sign up for a particular exercise class than for a generic gym membership, because you’ re forced to be specific about how you will achieve your goal. Another idea that has stuck in my mind is that our actions are influenced both by driving forces and by restraints -the accelerator (加速器) and the brake, if you like. When we want to move, we instinctively stamp harder on the accelerator, but we often get better results from releasing the brake. If you’re thinking of embracing a new resolution, ask yourself, “Why haven’t I been doing this already? What has been stopping me?” Answer those questions, and you might learn something that will help make your new resolution stick. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了如何成功坚持新年决心，并通过实验案例、个人经验和理论探讨，提供了几种可行的策略和方法。 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 文章采用 “总 — 分” 结构。开头指出新年决心的真正挑战在于坚持，引出后文探讨如何让决心得以坚持的内容，接着分别列举了不同的让决心坚持下去的方法，如持续说服、像大卫・爱泼斯坦那样通过搬家改掉旧习惯并制定清晰计划以及思考阻碍因素释放 “刹车” 等。 第1段：引出问题——新年决心的挑战在于坚持而非制定。 第2段：通过一个实验说明，激励措施在短期内有效，但在长期坚持上效果不佳。 第3段：介绍David Epstein通过改变环境和制定明确计划成功戒掉不良习惯的方法。 第4段：提出“释放刹车”而非“猛踩油门”的观点，建议从分析阻碍因素入手来坚持决心。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1.引言 ①New Year’s resolutions，challenge，keeping 2.实验案例 ②experiment，gym，short-term success，long-term failure 3.David Epstein的方法 ③change environment，clear plan，specific actions 4.观点建议 ④driving forces，restraints，release the brake，analyze obstacles 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 第1段：The real challenge of New Year’s resolutions is keeping them, not making them. （新年决心的真正挑战在于坚持，而不是制定。） 第2段：An experiment with a gym chain showed that while incentives worked in the short term, they failed to create lasting habits. （一个与健身房合作的实验表明，激励措施在短期内有效，但未能形成长期习惯。） 第3段：David Epstein successfully quit a bad habit by changing his environment and making a clear, specific plan. （David Epstein通过改变环境和制定明确的计划成功戒掉了不良习惯。） 第4段：Instead of just pushing harder, it’s often more effective to identify and remove obstacles to achieve lasting change. （与其一味努力，不如识别并消除阻碍，以实现持久的改变。） 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 使用“However”表达转折。使用“Instead of...”表达对比。使用“and”连接相关的内容。使用连接词来体现各要点间的逻辑关系，比如用 “Besides” 连接提到的不同方法之间的内容，使整体更流畅自然。 概要写作答案（60词左右） 01：The real challenge of New Year’s resolutions is keeping them, not making them. An experiment with a gym chain showed that while incentives worked in the short term, they failed to create lasting habits. David Epstein successfully quit a bad habit by changing his environment and making a clear, specific plan. Instead of just pushing harder, it’s often more effective to identify and remove obstacles to achieve lasting change. 02：Making New Year’s resolutions stick requires persistent persuasion and specific planning. A gym experiment illustrates the challenge of maintaining new habits beyond the initial period. Like David Epstein, who quit snacking by changing his environment and planning, resolutions should target clear goals, such as joining a specific exercise class. Understanding and releasing internal restraints is also crucial for lasting change. 03：The real challenge of New Year's resolutions is keeping them rather than making them. Besides, persistent persuasion might help maintain habits as shown in an experiment with a gym chain. David Epstein succeeded by leaving old habits behind and making a clear plan for goals. Also, considering driving forces and restraints and answering related questions can make resolutions stick. Passage 5 （2025年闵行一模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Enjoy Small Treats without Guilt In today's fast-paced world, it's easy to feel guilty about taking time for ourselves. Whether it's treating ourselves to a sweet treat, watching an episode of our favorite TV show, or buying something we don't really need, we often associate these “guilty pleasures” with negative feelings. But what if we stopped feeling guilty? What if we enjoyed these small treats as part of our self- care routine? Life is all about balance. We work hard and manage responsibilities but we sometimes forget to take care of our mental well-being. Small pleasures, when done mindfully, can actually contribute to a healthier and more balanced life. They provide us with a chance to relax, recharge, and enjoy life's little moments. There's a difference between self-care and overdoing it. Self-care is about doing things that restore us; while going too far can lead to negative consequences. The key is moderation. For example, treating yourself to a chocolate bar after a long week isn't a problem — it's a form of self-care, a small act of kindness to yourself. But if we do this every day and it gets out of hand. then it might lead to guilt or other issues. Guilt is a major barrier to enjoying small treats. We often feel as though we don't deserve a treat, or that we should always be working toward something bigger. But taking time to enjoy life is not a luxury—it's necessary. Accepting guilty pleasures without guilt can actually improve our productivity and mental health. A relaxed and happy mind is far more effective than one filled with stress. So next time you feel tempted to treat yourself, remember that it's okay. Life is too short not to enjoy the little things—— so go ahead and embrace your guilty pleasures. You deserve it! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案： We often feel guilty about small treats, but do we need to? Life requires balance, and small pleasures help us recharge and enjoy it. The key is enjoying pleasures in moderation, while too much can cause problems. It’s necessary to treat ourselves without guilt, which makes us more productive and mentally healthier. So, treat ourselves to small pleasures we deserve. (60 words) 评分标准：本题满分10分。 5分 在满足3分要求的基础上，还能进一步完整概况第(1)点及第(2)点的内容（表述可以不同） (1) 展开balance 和 moderation中任何一点 Life requires balance, and small pleasures help us recharge and enjoy it. The key is enjoying pleasures in moderation, while too much can cause problems. (2) 消除引起内疚的障碍： It’s necessary to treat ourselves without guilt, which makes us more productive and mentally healthier. 4分 在满足3分要求的基础上，还能进一步完整概况第(1)点或第(2)点的内容（表述可以不同） (1) 展开balance 和 moderation中任何一点 Life requires balance, and small pleasures help us recharge and enjoy it. The key is enjoying pleasures in moderation, while too much can cause problems. (2) 消除引起内疚的障碍： It’s necessary to treat ourselves without guilt, which makes us more productive and mentally healthier. 3分 必须涵盖以下三点，表述可以多样： (1) 引入问题：感到内疚的“愧疚享乐”： We often feel guilty about small treats, but do we need to? (2)分析问题：平衡与适度的重要性：(balance 和 moderation) Life requires balance. The key is enjoying pleasures in moderation. (3)提出解决方案（表明作者态度） So, treat ourselves to small pleasures we deserve. 2分 只涵盖3分要点中的两点。 1分 只涵盖3分要点中的一点。 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了在忙碌的生活中，如何正确看待并享受小乐趣，将其作为自我照顾的一部分，而不是感到内疚。 【详解】 1. 要点摘录 ①It's easy to feel guilty about taking time for ourselves. ②Small pleasures, when done mindfully, can actually contribute to a healthier and more balanced life. ③The key is moderation. ④Guilt is a major barrier to enjoying small treats. ⑤Accepting guilty pleasures without guilt can actually improve our productivity and mental health. 2.缜密构思 将第1点和第4点合并，强调内疚感对享受小乐趣的阻碍，并提出无内疚感地接受小乐趣对提高生产力和心理健康的好处。第2点和第3点合并，强调适度享受小乐趣对健康生活的重要性。 3.遣词造句 Enjoying small treats without guilt as part of a self-care routine can lead to a more balanced life and improved mental health. Moderation in these pleasures is essential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. 【点睛】 [高分句型1] Embracing small treats as part of self-care can enhance mental well-being and productivity. (运用了动名词短语作主语和并列结构对文章主题进行总结) [高分句型2] Moderation is key; guilt-free indulgence in life's little pleasures is essential for a balanced and healthy life. (运用了分号连接两个独立的句子，强调了适度和无内疚感的重要性) 2021年秋考真题 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Ann Grand: A Visual Thinker Ann Grand is a visual thinker. When somebody speaks to her, the words are instantly translated into pictures, like a video in her head. Unlike most people, her thoughts move from video-like images to generalizations and concepts. Furthermore, her memories usually appear in her imagination in order of time, and the images visualized are always specific. For example,if she thinks about a chimney, she sees detailed pictures, like the one in her old house and then those in her hometown. That one word can tun into a full-length video in her head. Grand's mind works like the Internet search engine which produces dozens of images of an object a user is searching for. Visual thinking has enabled grand to build entire systems in her imagination which works similarly to a computer program because it can produce three-dimensional design simulations(三维仿真设计).This was important to her as an equipment designer for the livestock industry. Before she started construction on her designs, she would test-run the equipment in her mind She formed mental pictures of her designs in every possible situation, with different sizes and breeds of cattle and in different weather conditions. This process made it possible for her to correct mistakes before construction started. Grand's mind is also sensitive to details, which was important in her work with cattle. Her sharp awareness of the visual world led to noteworthy observations about animals, She noticed many little things that most people would not consider that seared the cattle. For example, a coat on a fence or a pipe on the floor would frighten them away. Grand's visualization abilities have also helped her understand the animals she worked with. This led her to create designs ranging from sweeping, curved fences intended to reduce the stress experienced by animals that were going to be killed to systems for handling sick cattle and pigs. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 71. Being a visual thinker,Ann Grand thinks in pictures and her memories appear as specific images in her mind in time order. As a livestock equipment designer, she benefited from her ability to visualize her designs, which enabled her to perfect them before construction. Her keen observation of details led to designs that took into account animals’ feelings。 1 / 54 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第01讲 概要写作之记叙文、议论文速成技巧 目录 01 课标达标练 考向01 记叙文概要写作 考向02 议论文概要写作 02 核心突破练 03 真题溯源练 考向01 记叙文概要写作 · 记叙文概要写作详解 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.  Yesterday Matt was sick.I picked up Archie from the sitter and Eloise from school and decided to run to Target for a few things.I had hoped to be in and out quickly. I found a line with just one person ahead of me and began organizing my items on the conveyor.After placing my items，I looked up to see that the person ahead of me was an elderly woman. She was paying for her items with change and wanted to purchase each separately.I was frustrated with this woman and the inconvenience she had placed on me. But then I watched the young employee with this woman.I watched him help her count her change，ever so softly taking it from her shaking hands. When she asked if she had enough to buy a reusable bag，he told her she did and went two lines over to get one for her and then repackaged her items.Never once was this employee angry.He was nothing but patient and kind. As I was watching him，I saw that Eloise was too.She was standing next to the woman，watching the employee count the change.I realized I hadn’t been inconvenienced at all.That my daughter was instead witnessing kindness and patience and being taught this valuable lesson by a complete stranger. When the woman was finished，the employee began ringing up my items and thanked me for my patience.I then thanked him for teaching us patience and kindness by his treatment of that elderly woman.When he was finished I pushed my cart through the store trying to find the manager.I wanted her to know of the employee’s kindness and patience and how much it meant to me.After tracking her down and sharing the story with her，we left Target with a cart full of consumable items，but what is more，a heart full of gratitude for such an invaluable lesson. If you are ever in the Glendale Target，give Ishmael a smile and a nod.The world could use more people like him. 【写作指导】 要写好记叙文的概要，先要找到以下两个问题的答案：(1)谁做了什么？(2)结果如何？如果是夹叙夹议文，还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育意义。就该题而言，本文的概要应该包含：作者购物的时间、地点、结果以及从本次购物中得到的启示，最后用自己的语言串联起来。根据文本内容，这是一篇故事类的记叙文，要求对其进行概要写作。因此，我们先找出记叙文的六要素： · When—One day · Where—went to Target · Who— the writer with two children · What—for shopping; found an old lady was troublesome · How/Why—was touched by · Result— her children would learn a lot from this experience 列出了要点之后，我们就可以用自己的话将要点组织起来，概括成一段约60词的通顺概要： _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 考向02 议论文概要写作 · 议论文概要写作详解 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.  The advantages of social networking Why do most people sign up to social networking sites? ①The main reason is to stay in touch with other people. These sites also help people to find their childhood friends that they have lost touch with. Renewing these long-lost friendships is just a click away. It is very exciting to be able to catch up with friends and keep up with their news on an almost daily basis thanks to frequent updates.② Keep up-to-date,however,doesn’t have to be restricted to friends and acquaintances(相识的人）.What many people tend to forget is that they can also use networking sites for professional reasons. It is actually a great way of finding out about upcoming job opportunities. Friends might know about job vacancies that may not be advertised elsewhere or they can even recommend their friends for certain jobs. Even people already employed can promote their business online. This is particularly important for artists, actors and musicians who can create pages devoted to their band or theatre company, and inform fans about their gigs(现场演唱会）or latest exhibitions. In addition, the sites can be used to allow the public to give instant feedback on the artists’ work and to interact with their favourite artist.③ Another great advantage of social networking sites is how easy it is to organize an event with your friends. Thanks to different settings people can organize their friends by different criteria(标准）. These criteria could be how close friends they are, common interests and hobbies or where they live. This means if a certain event takes place, for example, an open-air concert or a football match, all they have to do is invite the right group of friends to attend. Some networking sites offer a range of quizzes and games, so friends living on opposite sides of the globe can invite each other to participate and compete in a variety of games without leaving their homes.④ 【写作指导】 Step 1：细读全文，明确主题。 本文主要是社交网络的优点。 Step 2：划分要点。 本文分4个要点，已在文中标出。 Step 3：标主题句或关键词。 已在文中用横线标出每段主题句。 Step 4：概括。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 1 （2024·上海格致中学阶段练习） Babe Didrikson Zaharias was one of the most extraordinary athletes of all time. She achieved particular success in basketball, track and field, and golf. She also competed in baseball, boxing, diving and many other sports. In 1950, the Associated Press declared Babe Zaharias to be the “Woman Athlete of the Half-Century”. From a young age, her goal was to be “the greatest athlete to ever live”. As a teenager, she acquired the nickname “Babe” in reference to Babe Ruth, a professional baseball player. She never passed up a chance to play ball. One day, when she was a little girl, her mother sent her to the grocery store to buy some beef for dinner. On the way home, Babe spotted some boys playing baseball. She dropped her purchases and joined the game. An hour later, her angry mother showed up, looking for the groceries. Babe pointed to where she’d left it. A dog was happily enjoying the last piece. Zaharias gained fame at the 1932 Olympic Games. She won gold medals in the javelin (标枪) throw and the 80-metre hurdles (跨栏), but she was deprived of a third gold medal in the high jump because she had used the unorthodox (不正规的) Western roll to achieve the highest jump. Her Olympic success brought her national attention. In 1932, Zaharias began playing golf and was soon winning important championships in the sport. In 1950, Zaharias helped found the Ladies Professional Golf Association, and she became the LPGA’s star competitor. Not only did she attract interest in the women’s game, she revolutionized the sport and was known for her powerful drives. Zaharias died of cancer in 1956, at the age of 45. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 【2024学年向明中学9月学科检测高三年级英语试卷】 Buy Experiences, not Possessions Over the past several years, researchers have conducted scientific studies suggesting experiential purchases (such as travel, and outdoor activities) tend to bring people more happiness than material ones (for instance, clothing, and electronic goods). Recently, they have investigated another downstream consequence. They conducted a series of 13 experiments, asking people to think about either experiential or material purchases and then rate feelings on nine-point scales. In some studies, people reported feeling more ties with someone who had made the same experiential purchase than someone with the same material purchase. Owning the same T-shirt or sneakers as someone else is an interesting coincidence, but hiking the same trail or seeing the same performance makes people feel more connected. This reflects the fact that experiential purchases are more central to an individual’s identity because this kind of consumption tends to represent more of one’s true, essential sense of self. These findings apply even when people think about how their experiences differ. Researchers asked participants to consider a situation in which they met someone who had made a similar experiential or material purchase, but the other person’s purchase was “upgraded”. Even in these cases, experiences were more likely to foster connection between people than material items were. Knowing that another person has a better version of what you have can create a sense of social distance. What researchers observe, however, is that this distance feels less wide when it comes to experiential purchases. Although unpleasant social comparisons can be commonplace in terms of possessions, it may be easier to find common ground and connect with someone else over similar experiences. Researchers also discovered experiential consumption fosters a sense of social connectedness more broadly. People who reflected on experiences they had acquired—rather than material goods—reported a broader sense of connection to humanity. They were more likely to express a greater desire to engage in social activities than they do after they reflect on an important possession. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 【2024届上海市奉贤区格致中学高考英语阶段模拟试卷】 On Sunday, the second day of Spring Festival, a man was killed after he fell into the tiger enclosure while trying to get into the zoo in Ningbo, East China’s Zhejiang Province, without paying for a ticket. The tragedy cost two lives, as the tiger was shot dead when zoo employees tried to rescue the man. As news of the incident spread, the majority of voices online blamed the dead man for the animal’s death. Some said this was a sign that people are becoming more cold hearted. But they are wrong. People have been displaying increasingly more enthusiasm for helping those in need and participating in charity work. In 2016, the China Charity Federation received donations of 18.8 billion yuan ($2.7 billion) in total, 46 percent more than the donations received in 2015, and they sent helping hands to one tragedy after another. People are just tired of forgiving those in the wrong. While sympathy is right, it has been abused too much. When somebody commits a crime, no matter how cruel the crime is, media outlets explain the criminal’s miserable childhood and there are calls for forgiveness. When someone smokes in public, there are always people calling for tolerance. People are fed up and angry with lawbreakers escaping their due punishments in the name of forgiveness and tolerance. But going back to the tragedy at the wildlife park in Ningbo, the tiger’s death shows the park was not well prepared for such emergencies. They did not have any tranquilizer guns that could sedate the tiger immediately and save the lives of both the man and the endangered animal. In the meantime, it is necessary to raise people’s awareness that the animals in zoos and wildlife parks are not domesticated pets, and of the need for visitors to observe rules for their own safety. The man in the Ningbo incident paid for his fault with his life, but the tiger was killed for his fault, too. We sincerely hope no more tigers or humans will pay for such fault. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 4 【上海市上海师范大学附属中学闵行分校2024-2025学年高三上学期英语月考试卷】 How to make resolutions stick How are those New Year’s resolutions going? If you’re persisting, good for you. Many people do not. Given that the real challenge seems to be not making resolutions, but keeping them, I would like to understand more about that challenge. There is a revealing story at the end of How to Change in which Milkman and her colleague Angela Duckworth discuss the success of a large experiment. This experiment was run with a national gym chain and aimed to get people exercising more. Had it been a success? While the experimental persuasions were demonstrably effective at getting people to go to the gym during the four- week experimental period, they were far less effective at getting people to maintain their gym- going habit. If you hope for persistent results, one possible answer is persistent persuasion. There are other approaches. David Epstein, for example, had been struggling to quit his late- night snacking habit. When moving house, he simply decided that he would leave the old habit in the old house. This approach, he writes, was completely successful. Epstein also made a clear plan, something that is often missing from resolutions. Your resolutions to exercise more? Great! Where and how will you exercise, and when will you do it? It is better to sign up for a particular exercise class than for a generic gym membership, because you’ re forced to be specific about how you will achieve your goal. Another idea that has stuck in my mind is that our actions are influenced both by driving forces and by restraints -the accelerator (加速器) and the brake, if you like. When we want to move, we instinctively stamp harder on the accelerator, but we often get better results from releasing the brake. If you’re thinking of embracing a new resolution, ask yourself, “Why haven’t I been doing this already? What has been stopping me?” Answer those questions, and you might learn something that will help make your new resolution stick. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 5 （2025年闵行一模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Enjoy Small Treats without Guilt In today's fast-paced world, it's easy to feel guilty about taking time for ourselves. Whether it's treating ourselves to a sweet treat, watching an episode of our favorite TV show, or buying something we don't really need, we often associate these “guilty pleasures” with negative feelings. But what if we stopped feeling guilty? What if we enjoyed these small treats as part of our self- care routine? Life is all about balance. We work hard and manage responsibilities but we sometimes forget to take care of our mental well-being. Small pleasures, when done mindfully, can actually contribute to a healthier and more balanced life. They provide us with a chance to relax, recharge, and enjoy life's little moments. There's a difference between self-care and overdoing it. Self-care is about doing things that restore us; while going too far can lead to negative consequences. The key is moderation. For example, treating yourself to a chocolate bar after a long week isn't a problem — it's a form of self-care, a small act of kindness to yourself. But if we do this every day and it gets out of hand. then it might lead to guilt or other issues. Guilt is a major barrier to enjoying small treats. We often feel as though we don't deserve a treat, or that we should always be working toward something bigger. But taking time to enjoy life is not a luxury—it's necessary. Accepting guilty pleasures without guilt can actually improve our productivity and mental health. A relaxed and happy mind is far more effective than one filled with stress. So next time you feel tempted to treat yourself, remember that it's okay. Life is too short not to enjoy the little things—— so go ahead and embrace your guilty pleasures. You deserve it! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2021年秋考真题 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Ann Grand: A Visual Thinker Ann Grand is a visual thinker. When somebody speaks to her, the words are instantly translated into pictures, like a video in her head. Unlike most people, her thoughts move from video-like images to generalizations and concepts. Furthermore, her memories usually appear in her imagination in order of time, and the images visualized are always specific. For example,if she thinks about a chimney, she sees detailed pictures, like the one in her old house and then those in her hometown. That one word can tun into a full-length video in her head. Grand's mind works like the Internet search engine which produces dozens of images of an object a user is searching for. Visual thinking has enabled grand to build entire systems in her imagination which works similarly to a computer program because it can produce three-dimensional design simulations(三维仿真设计).This was important to her as an equipment designer for the livestock industry. Before she started construction on her designs, she would test-run the equipment in her mind She formed mental pictures of her designs in every possible situation, with different sizes and breeds of cattle and in different weather conditions. This process made it possible for her to correct mistakes before construction started. Grand's mind is also sensitive to details, which was important in her work with cattle. Her sharp awareness of the visual world led to noteworthy observations about animals, She noticed many little things that most people would not consider that seared the cattle. For example, a coat on a fence or a pipe on the floor would frighten them away. Grand's visualization abilities have also helped her understand the animals she worked with. This led her to create designs ranging from sweeping, curved fences intended to reduce the stress experienced by animals that were going to be killed to systems for handling sick cattle and pigs. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 54 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$