第06讲 三大特殊句式精讲(倒装句、强调句和虚拟语气)(寒假预习讲义)高二英语人教版

2026-01-14
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册
年级 高二
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 特殊句式
使用场景 寒暑假-寒假
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 1.55 MB
发布时间 2026-01-14
更新时间 2026-01-14
作者 乔木木一
品牌系列 上好课·寒假轻松学
审核时间 2026-01-14
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来源 学科网

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第06讲 三大特殊句式精讲(倒装句、强调句和虚拟语气)(寒假预习讲义) 一、精讲类型、使用和常见考点: 分析近年高考真题可知,高考对特殊句式的考查注重在复杂语境下与其它语法知识的综合考查。如语法填空中可以考查状语从句和省略句的综合运用,可以考查动词的主谓一致现象。阅读理解中出现的特殊句式会影响对句子和文章的准确理解。尤其在书面表达中熟练运用特殊句式成为得分的亮点。 年份 卷别 倒装句 省略句 强调句 2025 新高考I卷 There was Though friendly It was me who was at fault 新高考II卷 There was..;There are... Hope this email finds you well! Success is sweeter when shared. 北京卷 There is / / 2024 新高考I卷 there is what to do It was.. 新高考II卷 there is/was;what to do Trost thinks so. / 全国甲卷 / what/how to do / 2023 新高考I卷 there was how to do / 新高考II卷 there was where to do / 考点一 倒装句 1 完全倒装句 1.表示时间、地点、方位和动作转移的副词如here, there, up, down, in, out, off, away等用于句首. 例1. There remains the possibility that mistakes have been made. 仍然有已经出错的可能。 例2. Out rushed the students. 例3. Down fell the apple. 2.当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时,也常常用全部倒装。 例1. South of the city lies a factory.城市的南面有家工厂。 例2.Look! From opposite the street come two kids,screaming in panic. 看!两个孩子从街对面过来,(他们)惊慌地尖叫着。 例3.Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs. 3.such作表语置于句首时,也常常用全部倒装。 例1. Such was Einstein,a simple man but a great scientist.这就是爱因斯坦,一位朴实而又伟大的科学家。 例2 .Such was Albert Einstein, a simple but great scientist. 4.为了平衡句子结构,表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。 (1) 形容词+连系动词+主语 Present at the meeting were some experts. 到会的是一些专家。 (2) 过去分词+连系动词+主语 例1. Gone are the days when we walked to work. 我们步行上班的时代一去不复返了。 例2. Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 埋在沙子里的是一个古老的村庄。 (3) 介词短语+连系动词+主语 Among the goods are flowers,candles and toys. 货物中有花,蜡烛和玩具。 名师点津 1. there,here,now,then,up,down,out,in,away位于句首,句子谓语是go,come,run等不及物动词,可将谓语全部置于主语之前。但主语是人称代词时,不倒装。 2. only修饰主语置于句首时, 不用倒装。 3. 若两个主语一致时, 则表示同意以上观点, 不能倒装, 此时so表示“的确如此”, 即用so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词。 4. 当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时, 通常用“so it is with. . . ”或“it is the same with. . . ”。 5. Neither. . . nor. . . “……既不……, ……也不……”, 连接两个并列分句时, 这两个并列分句都用倒装结构。 6. though引导让步状语从句时, 可以倒装也可以不倒装。although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装。 2 部分倒装句 1.句子以never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely等表示否定意义的副词以及by no means,not until,not only,not a word,not a single,on no condition,in no case等。表示否定意义的词组开头,要用部分倒装语序。 例1. Never will he come back to the factory.他永远也不会回到这家工厂了。 例2. Not only do the nurses want a pay increase,they want reduced hours as well. 护士们不仅想要增加报酬,她们也想要减少工作时间。 例3. Never have I found him so happy. 我从来没有觉得他这么高兴过。 例4.Not until he was isolated from everyone did he realize how vital the interaction with others was. 直到他与所有人隔绝,他才意识到与他人的互动是多么重要。 例5.Under no circumstances should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the others. 在任何情况下,我们不应该做任何对自己有利但损伤他人利益的事。 2.当句子用so,nor,neither开头,说明前面一句话中的情况也适用于另外一些人或物时,主语和谓语部分倒装。 a.“so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一人或物,意为“……也是如此”。 例1 —I've got an enormous amount of work to do.我有大量的工作要做。 —So have I.我也如此。 例2. Tom likes English,and so do I.汤姆喜欢英语,我也喜欢英语。 b.“neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示前面所说的否定内容也适用于另一人或物,意为“……也不这样”。 I don't like it, neither does Tom. 我不喜欢它,汤姆也不喜欢它。 3.在so/such...that引导的结果状语从句中,为了强调,把so/such提到句首时,主谓要倒装。 例1. So moved was she that she could not say a word. 她感动得一句话都说不出来。 例3. So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others. 他跑得那么快以至于远远超过了其他人。 4.as/though引导让步状语从句时句子要用倒装语序,即要将从句中的表语、状语或从句中的动词提到as/though的前面。 例1. Child as he is,he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子,但他懂得很多。 例2. Much as I like it, I'll not buy it. 尽管我很喜欢它,但我不会买。 例3.Pretty as she is, she is not proud. 尽管她很漂亮,但她一点也不自负。 例4.Try as he would, he might fail again. 尽管他要尝试,但可能还会失败。 【名师点津】在as/though引导的让步状语从句中,作表语的单数可数名词前不用加任何冠词。 5.在省略if的虚拟条件句中,were,had或should要提到句首构成倒装。 例1.Had you come a few minutes earlier,you would have seen him. 如果你早来几分钟,你就能看见他了。 例2. Had you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examination. 要是早复习了功课,你有可能就通过考试了。 例3. Should it not rain tomorrow, we would go for a picnic. 要是明天不下雨,我们就可以去野餐。 6.当only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时,采用部分倒装形式。要注意“only+主语”用在句首时不倒装。 例1. Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home. 直到莉莉走进办公室,她才意识到自己把合同落在家里了。 例2. Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语) 只有用这种方法才能可能解释它。 例3. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (从句) 直到1918年战争结束后,他才得以满怀高兴地重返工作岗位。 例4. Only you can help me.只有你能帮助我。 7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子。 例1. May you succeed!祝你成功! 例2. Long live the People’s Republic of China! = May the People’s Republic of China (should) live long. 中华人民共和国万岁! 8.neither...nor...连接两个并列分句时,这两个分句都要用倒装形式。 Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.我既不知道这件事,也不关心这件事。 3 there be句式的倒装 1.There be 句型表示“某地有某物或某时有某事”。there 是引导词,be 后面的名词是主语,基本结构为 “there be+人或物+地点或时间”。 例1. There have been many great changes in our country since then. 自从那时起我国发生了很多大的变化。 例2.I think there is a problem with the engine.【2021年新高考I卷听力】我想是引擎出了问题。 例3. There, at the entrance, was a cash machine.【2024年新高考I卷读后续写】 在入口处,有一台提款机。 例4.There was plenty of space for the kids to run and play.【2025年新高考I卷阅读理解】 孩子们有足够的空间奔跑和玩耍。 2. There be 句型中的主谓一致的原则 主语是单数或不可数名词时,be用单数形式。主语是复数名词时,be用复数形式。如果主语是并列结构,be动词应遵循“就近原则”,即be动词与离其最近的主语保持一致。 例1. There are two people waiting outside. 有两个人正在外面等候。 例2. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. 有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适 3.There be 句型中常用动词和形式 There be 结构中的谓语动词 be 有时可以用 seem to be, happen to be, is likely to be 或半系动词remain,stand,lie,go,exist, follow,live,come,occur 等替换。结构有的时态形式,而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。 例1. Despite the defence, there is likely to be some flooding. 尽管有保护措施,但洪水还是很可能涌进城市。 例2. Once upon a time, there lived an old king in the castle. 从前,那座城堡里住着一位国王。 例3. There is going to be hardship, but we have to grit our teeth and get on with it. 磨难会有的,但我们必须下定决心继续做下去。. 例4. There have been many such accidents.已发生了好几起那样的事故。 例5. There can be thousands of rice plants in one paddy. 一块稻田可能有成千上万株水稻。 4.There be 句型的常考句式: There is no point/sense(in)doing sth.做某事没有意义 There is no doubt that...毫无疑问…… There is no need(for sb.)to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事 There is(no)difficulty/trouble in doing/with sth.做某事(没)有困难 There is(no)possibility of(doing)sth./that...(做)某事(没)有可能性 5. There be 句型中的非谓语形式 There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be 和there being 两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。 I expect there to be no argument about this. 我希望在这方面不会有任何争论。 I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me. 我从没想过会有什么好机会。 There being nothing else to do,we went home. (there be句型的独立主格结构) 由于我们无事可做,我们就回家了。 考点二 强调句 强调是一种修辞效果,是为了对一定语境中的部分内容进行突出而采用的一种手段。英语中的强调主要有It is/was...that/who...型,“do/does/did+动词原形”型,或通过某些词加强语气等。 1 It is/was...that/who...强调句 这种句型可以对除谓语以外的成分进行强调。当强调部分为“人”时, 可用that或who, 其他情况下用that。强调的是现在时或将来时,用It is...that/who...;强调部分是过去时,用It was...that/who...。 对主语进行强调:It was I that/who bought my son a new mobile phone in this shop yesterday. 对地点状语进行强调:It was in the park that he met Lily for the first time. 正是在那个公园他第一次遇到了lily。 对宾语进行强调:It was him who won the game held last week. 是他赢得了上周举行的比赛。. 对时间状语进行强调:It was yesterday that I bought my son a new mobile phone in this shop. 【名师点津】强调主语时,其后的谓语动词应当和主语保持人称和数的一致。 例1. It is White and Betty who often do good deeds for the old lady. 例2. It is he who is to blame.这是他的错。 名师点津 1. 在强调句中,that进行连接,没有实际意义,只起到语法连接作用,只有指人时,可以用who代替that。 例1. It was in Beijing that I was born. 我就是在北京出生的. 例2. It was Jane, the fastest student in our school, who first crossed the finish line. 是我们学校跑的最快的学生Jane第一个冲过了终点线。 2. 强调句中be的时态要根据原句的时态而定。有时还可用It might be/must have been/can’t be...that/who...等句式。 例1. It is the child that controls the pace, topic and lessons, not the rest of the class or the teacher.掌握进度、话题和课程的是这个孩子,而不是班上其余的人或老师。 例2. It might be tomorrow evening that the news will be broadcast.这则消息可能在明天晚上播出。 例3. It must have been Lily who cooked the meal.肯定是莉莉做的这顿饭。 3. 人称和数的运用 被强调的部分如果是句子的主语,that/who之后的谓语动词在人称和数上应与句子的主语保持一致。 例1. It is I that/who am going to study abroad.是我要去国外学习。 例2. It is he that/who is leaving for Shanghai on business.是他将要去上海出差。 2 not...until...用于强调句 “not. . . until. . . ”句型的强调结构为“It is/was not until. . . that. . . ”。 例1. It was not until 11 o’clock last night that he went to bed. 直到昨晚11点,他才上床睡觉。 例2. It was not until he got home 30 minutes later that he found he had left his bag in the taxi. 直到他到家三十分钟后他才发现他把包落在了出租车上。 【名师点津】Not until...用于句首时,也可表示强调,句子使用部分倒装。如,Not until 11 o’clock did he go to bed. 3 强调句的一般疑问句形式:Is/Was it+被强调部分+who/that...? 例1. Was it in 1939 that World War Ⅱ broke out? 是在1939年Ⅱ世界大战爆发了吗? 例2. Was it in the park that he met our new teacher? 他是在公园里遇到我们的新老师的吗? 4 强调句的特殊疑问句形式:特殊疑问词+is/was it+who/that...? 例1. Where was it that you met Jack yesterday? 你昨天是在哪里见到杰克的? 例2. When was it that he made up his mind to take this course? 他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的? 例3. Who was it that broke the window?打破窗户的是谁? 5 强调句与定语从句和名词性从句易混辨析 强调句与主语从句的区别 强调句型去掉It is/was和that之后, 句子结构仍然完整, 而主语从句却不能。 1. It is there that accidents often happen. (强调句) 2. It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (主语从句) 强调句与定语从句的区别 强调句中that没有意义, 且不作任何成分, 而定语从句中that为关系代词, 在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。 1. It is novels that Miss William enjoys reading. (强调句) 2. It is a question that needs careful consideration. (定语从句) 强调句与状语从句的区别 强调句型去掉It is/was和that后, 结构完整, 而It is. . . when. . . 中, it指代时间。 1. It was at six o’clock that I got up today. (强调句) 2. It was six o’clock when I got up today. (状语从句) 6 do/does/did强调谓语动词 用助动词do,does或did来强调谓语动词,用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中,do还可以用于祈使句。 1. do/does/did+动词原形。 例1. She does like music. 她真的喜欢音乐。 例2. She did tell me her address,but I forgot all about it. 她确实告诉过我她的地址,但我全忘了。 2. “never+助动词do”也常用来表示强调, 一般意为“从来没有, 绝不”。 【名师点津】在强调谓语时,do/does/did译为“的确、确实”等,其后动词用原形。 考点三 省略句 1 状语从句的省略 在as if,if,though,when,where,while,no matter what,until等引导的状语从句中,若谓语部分含be动词,而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时,从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。 例1. All the photographs in this book, unless (the photographs are) stated otherwise,date from the 1950s. 这本书里所有的照片,除非有说明,否则,都要追溯到20世纪50年代。 例2. When (it is) faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair. 当(它是)面对如此多的选择时,狮子会选择冻结和等待,而不是攻击拿着椅子的人。 例3. When (people are)reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen.【2024年新高考I卷】(主句逻辑主语for people省略)当阅读几百个单词或更多的文本时,在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。 特殊省略 意义 特殊省略 意义 as soon as possible 尽快 as before/usual 像以前/寻常一样 if so 如果这样的话 if not 若非如此 if ever 如果曾经有的话 if any 如果有的话 if possible 如果可能的话 if necessary 如果有必要的话 If possible,let me know beforehand. 如有可能,事先通知我。 Whenever (it is) possible, he will come to my help. 他会在任何可能的时候来帮助我。 2 定语从句的省略 1.在限制性定语从句中, 关系代词that, which, whom充当宾语, 而且前面无介词时可省略。 例1. He lost the watch (that/which) he bought yesterday. 2. the way后的定语从句常省略关系词that或in which, the time后的定语从句常省略关系词that或when。 例1.The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice. 他们展示了微塑料是如何通过沸腾过程被捕获的,这很好。【2025年新高考I卷】 例2. I don’t like the way (that/in which) he speaks to others. 3 名词性从句的省略 1.引导宾语从句的从属连词that可省略。但及物动词后跟两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时, 只有第一个连词that可省略。 例1. He told me (that) she was a beautiful girl and that she was kind. 他告诉我(那个)她是一个漂亮的女孩,而且她很善良 例2. Educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same.【2024年新高考I卷】 教育工作者不应该认为所有的媒体都是一样的。 2.wh-+to do如果从句中不影响句意理解,可以省略主谓的部分,保留wh+to do, 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。 例1. I don’t know what to do.【2021年全国乙卷听力】=I don’t know what I can do.我不知道该怎么办。 例2.You have to know where to stand for a good viewpoint. (作宾语)你得知道站在哪儿才会有好的视角。 例3. I have no idea how to deal with it. (作同位语)我不知道怎么应对。 In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. 【2025年新高考I卷】 在他们的新书《运动:如何夺回我们的街道,改变我们的生活》中,他们呼吁重新思考我们的街道以及它们在我们生活中扮演的角色。 3. I’m afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答语后面跟so与not分别相当于肯定或否定,宾语从句可省去。 例1. —Do you think it will rain? —I hope not (that it will not rain). 例2.—Do you think it will rain?你认为会下雨吗? —I hope not/that it will not rain.我希望不要下。 例3—Do you believe our team will win?你相信我们队会赢吗? —I guess so.我猜会赢。 4 不定式的省略 1. 动词mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish, 后面可用保留不定式符号to而省略其余短语。如果不定式中含有be, have, have been, 通常保留be, have和have been。 例1. —Are you a sailor? —No, but I used to be. 例2.—Will you join in the game? —I’d be glad to. 2.当主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时,作表语的不定式可省略to。 The only thing you have to do is press the button. 你唯一要做的事情就是按按钮。 3.不定式作介词but, except的宾语,前面有实义动词do的某种形式时,不定式常省略to。 I had nothing to do but wait here. 今天下午我除了在这等待无事可做。 4.当两个或两个以上的不定式并列时,后面的不定式符号to可省略,但表示对比关系时则不能省略。 I'm really puzzled what to think of and express. 我真的不知道想什么和表达什么。 It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 制订计划比执行计划容易。 5.在see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to等感官动词及使役动词let, make, have后作宾语补足语的不定式不加to,但当宾语补足语变为主语补足语时,不定式要加上to。 She saw him walk into the house. 她看到他走进了那座房子。 He was seen to walk into the house. 有人看到他走进了那座房子。 He had two boys wash his car. 他让两个男孩给他洗车。 6.you'd better/why not后跟不带to的不定式。 Why not try it again? 为什么不再试试? You'd better get up early when you want to keep up with others. 当你想追赶他人时,你最好起得早些。 名师点津 1. 当不定式用于let, make, have等使役动词后作宾语补足语时,不定式必须省略to。 2. 在feel, observe, hear, notice, see, watch等感官动词后作宾补的不定式也要省略to。 3. 在had better, would rather, rather than等结构后的动词不定式要省略to。 4. 在由and, or, than连接的两个不定式中,第二个不定式to可以省去。 【名师点津】在被动语态中,使役动词和感官动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式前的to不能省略;需要强调对比或特定意义,保留to。 考点四 祈使句和感叹句 祈使句:用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称,通常省略,有时也可以加称呼语。 肯定式:动词原形开头。(I)Wish you were here. 如果你在这就好了 否定式:在动词前面加don’t。(It)Don’t give up.不要放弃。 强调式:肯定句在其前加do, 否定句在其前加never。 1 名词词组+and+陈述句(一般将来时) 名词词组中通常含有more,another,further,earlier等词。 例1. One step further and you'll fall down.再多走一步,你就会摔倒。 例2. Just a little more patience and we'll look into its00n. 再耐心点儿,我们很快就会调查此事。 2 “祈使句+and/or+陈述句(一般将来时)” 例1.Call me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result. 明天给我打电话,我会让你知道实验结果的。 例2.Start out right away,or we'll miss the first train. 立刻出发,否则的话,我们将要错过首班车。 名师点津 1. 根据动词原形开头或者名词短语开头后,空格后出现主谓结构,判断设空处填连词。 2. 在此句式中,and译为“那么”。or译为“否则”。 感叹句用来表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”等强烈情感,亦可用于表扬、批评等情感表达。英语感叹句常用“what”和“how”引导,并与所修饰的词置于句首,其它部分用陈述句语序。句末用感叹号“!”,读时用降调。 感叹句 1 what引导的感叹句 What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! What a clever boy he is!多聪明的男孩呀! What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语! What beautiful flowers they are!多美的花啊! What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语! What fine weather it is!多好的天气啊! 2 how引导的感叹句 How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语! How high the mountain is!这山真高呀! How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! How clever a boy he is!多聪明的男孩呀! How+主语+谓语! How time flies! 时间过得真快呀! 考点五 虚拟语气 (一)情态动词 表达多种语义:情态动词主要用于表达说话人的语气、情态,涵盖能力(如 can)、许可(如 may)、义务(如 must)、可能性(如 might)、劝告建议(如 should)等多种语义范畴。 后接动词原形:它们自身具有一定词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须与不带 to 的动词不定式(即动词原形)一起构成谓语结构,这是其在语法形式上的重要特点。 存在时态变化:部分情态动词有过去式形式,如 can - could、may - might 等,过去式形式在用法上既可以表示过去的相应语义(如过去的能力、过去的许可等),也可在现在时态用于表达更委婉的语气等。 (二)虚拟语气 用于非真实情境:虚拟语气专门用于传达说话人的主观愿望、假设、猜测、建议等与现实情况不符的内容,或者是表达与事实相反的状况,通过特定的动词形式变化来体现这种虚拟性。 遵循特定句式:不同类型的虚拟情境(如与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反等)都有各自对应的固定句式,这些句式在条件句(常以 If 引导)和主句中的动词时态、形式搭配都有严格规定。 知识点一 情态动词的基本用法 1.can, could (1)能、会,表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。 Can you lift this heavy box? 你能举起这个沉重的箱子吗? (2)可以,表示请求和允许。 —Can I go now?我可以走了吗? —Yes, you can.是的,你可以。/No, you can’t. 不,你不可以。 在疑问句中can还可用could, might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,但不能用于肯定句和答语中。 —Could I go to see you tomorrow? 我明天能去看你吗? —Yes, you can.( No, I’m afraid not.) 是的,你可以。 (不,恐怕不行。 ) (3)可能,表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句中。 This can’t be done by him.How can this be true? 他不可能这么做。 这怎么可能是真的? 2.may, might (1)表示请求和允许。 might比may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。肯定性应答要用can或may代替could或might。否定回答时可用can’t 或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。 —May/Might I take this book out of the room? 我可以把这本书从房间里拿出来吗? —Yes, you can/may.(No, you can’t/mustn’t.) 是的,你可以。 (不,你不可以) (2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。 May you succeed!祝你/您成功! 3.will, would (1)表示请求、建议等,would比will更委婉。 Will/Would you pass me the ball, please? 请把球递给我好吗? (2)表示意志、愿望和决心。 I will never do that again. 我再也不会那样做了。 (3)would表示过去反复发生。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。 During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. 在假期里,他每隔一天都会来看我。 4.must, have to (1)表示必须、必要 Whatever happens, you must come in time. 不管发生什么,你必须及时来。 在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t, don’t have to(不必)。 (2)must是说话人的主观看法,而have to则强调客观需要。 must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式。 I really must go now.我真的必须走了。 I had to work when I was your age. 我像你这么大的时候不得不工作。 (3)must表示推测(只用于肯定的陈述句),意为“一定、准时”:must do表示对目前情况的推测,must have done表示对过去情况的推测。 You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best. 你是汤姆的好朋友,所以你一定知道他最喜欢什么。 It must have rained last night.昨晚一定下雨了。 【名师指津】 can在表推测时,一般用于否定句中,can’t do表示对目前情况的推测,can’t have done表示对过去情况的推测, 可译为“不可能……”。 That man can not be Li Lei. 那个人不可能是李磊。 He can’t have known the news then. 他当时绝不可能知道那个消息。 5.dare, need (1)dare作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,过去式为dared。 How dare you say I’m unfair? 你怎么敢说我不公平? (2)need作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定回答时一般用must, 否定用needn’t。  —Need I finish the work today? 我今天需要完成工作吗? —Yes, you must./No, you needn’t. 是的,你必须。/不,你不需要。 注意:dare和need作实义动词用时,有人称、时态和数的变化,都可以接带to的不定式。 6.shall, should shall 1.shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。 2.shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 should 1.表示“应该”,在疑问句中常用should代替ought to。“should+ have+过去分词” 表示本应该在过去做但没有做。 2.表示“吃惊”,作“居然、竟然”讲。 Shall he come in now?让他进来吗? You shall fail if you don’t work hard. 如果你不努力工作,你就会失败。 You should help him because he is in trouble. 你应该帮助他,因为他有麻烦。 It’s a pity that you should be so careless. 很遗憾,你竟然如此粗心。 7.ought to (1)ought to意为“应该,应当”,没有人称和数的变化。ought to的否定形式为ought not to或oughtn’t to,其一般疑问句形式是将ought置于主语前。多数情况下,ought to可与should互换使用。 Ought I to go?我该去吗? —Yes, you ought to.是的,你应该。 —No,you oughtn’t to.不,你不应该。 (2)ought to/should have done表示“过去应该做而未做”, 其否定句则表示“过去不该做但做了”。 I’m sorry.I ought to/should have phoned to tell you I was coming. 对不起,我本应该先给你打个电话告诉你我要来。 8.情态动词+have done (1)must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测,把握性大,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的。 (2)may/might/could have done表示对发生过的事情的肯定推测,把握性小,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。 —What has happened to George? 乔治发生了什么事? —I don’t know.He may/might/could have got lost. 我不知道,他可能迷路了。 (3)should have done本来应该做某事,而实际没做;shouldn’t+have done表示“本来不应该做某事,而实际做了”,含有指责对方或自责的含义。此处ought to和should可互换,但ought to的语气更强一些。 Tom, you are too lazy.The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆,你太懒惰了,这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。 (4)could have done表示本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心。 (5)need have done表示本来需要做某事而实际没有做。needn’t have done则表示“本来不需要做某事而实际做了” He need have hurried to the station.In that case, he wouldn’t have missed the train. 他本来需要快点去车站的,那样的话,他就不会误了火车。 知识点二 虚拟语气 1.虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 包含条件从句的句子称为条件句。条件句分为两类:一类是真实条件句,一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况发生的可能性不大,则用虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句分为三种,见下表: 假设情况 条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 与现在事 实相反 过去式(be的过去式常用were) would/should/might/could+动词原形 与将来 事实相反 (1)过去式 (2)should+动词原形 (3)were to+动词原形 would/should/might/could+动词原形 与过去 事实相反 过去完成时(had+过去分词) would/should/might/could have+过去分词 If he had time now,he would(should/could/might) go with you. 要是他现在有时间,他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反) If you had come a few minutes earlier,you would(should/could/might) have met the famous singer. 如果你早来几分钟,你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反) If it were to snow/should snow/snowed this evening,they would (should/could/might) not go out. 如果今天晚上下雪,他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反) 2.三种特殊的虚拟条件从句 (1)省略if形式的虚拟语气 在if虚拟条件句中,若省略if,则将should,were,had前置,构成主谓倒装句式。 Had I worked harder,I would have succeeded. 如果我当时努力学习的话,我就会成功的。 (2)混合虚拟语气 主、从句表示时间不一致,就构成了混合虚拟语气,主句和从句的时态根据实际的时间概念来定。 If she had followed the doctor’s words,she would feel better now. 如果当初她听从了医生的建议,现在就会好多了。 (3)含蓄虚拟语气 有时假设条件不通过条件从句表达,而是隐含在某些介词短语中,如without...,but for,otherwise,or等。 Without music (=If there were no music),the world would be dull. 世界若无音乐将会很枯燥。 3.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 (1)动词wish后的宾语从句。 表示现在的情况,从句谓语用过去式;表示过去的情况,从句谓语用过去完成式;表示将来的情况,从句谓语用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。 I wish I were ten years younger now. 我希望我现在年轻十岁。 I wish I had met him yesterday. 我昨天能遇到他就好了。 I wish I would be a scientist in the future. 我希望将来成为科学家。 (2)在表示请求、建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。 这类动词有:suggest,recommend, insist, order, require, advise, demand, command, ask, request,propose等。 He suggested that we (should) be there in time. 他建议我们及时到那儿。 (3)在would rather后的宾语从句中,谓语常用过去式来表示现在或将来的情况,用过去完成式表示过去的情况。 I would rather you told me the truth. 我愿意你跟我讲真话。 I would rather you had been present then. 我倒愿意你当时在场。 (4)在“It is (about/high) time+that从句”中,谓语动词常用过去式或“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气,注意should不可省略。 It’s high time that we devoted ourselves to environmental protection. 是我们致力于环境保护的时候了。 (5)as if引导的表语从句和as引导的方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反用一般过去时;与过去事实相反用过去完成时。 They talked and talked as if/though they would never meet again. 他们谈啊谈,好像永远不会再见面一样。 (6)if only引导的感叹句中,用虚拟语气表示愿望。 Look at the trouble we’re in.If only we had taken our teacher’s advice! 看看我们所处的困境,要是我们接受老师的建议就好了! 二、特殊句式精练题 单句语法填空 1. Equally important (be) taking notes and listening to the teacher in class. 2. Sitting in the front row (be) some college students who are invited to take part in a debate. 3. Pioneer China may be in the development of umbrellas, similar devices appeared in other ancient civilizations, such as Egypt, Assyria, and Greece, primarily for sun protection. 4. It was two thousand years ago the army took control of the two cities. 5. He come yesterday but soon went back because of an important meeting. 6. It is this durability has made the preservation of many valuable works from ancient China possible. 7.If (do) correctly, leveraging your reputation can accomplish that goal for you. 8. Though (know) the truth, he remained silent. 9. Once (complete), it would help cut transport costs by up to 25%. 10.While (do) my homework, I fell asleep. 11. Tap your fingers on the screen and your favorite books (deliver) to your door within a couple of hours. 12. Take this medicine, you will be OK in no time. 13. Not only the activity was greatly praised but also it raised our environmental awareness. What a (reward) day! 14.Study hard, you’ll fail your exams. 15.What an odd (coincident) that he should have known your family. 16.(2023·全国甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people ________ (take) responsibility for saving their environment. 17.(2023·全国乙卷)Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they ________ (be) so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. 18.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Teachers and chaperones ________ model good behavior for the group and remain with students at all times. 19.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it ________ (be) the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.” 20.(2022·北京高考)He ________ have been waiting there for quite a while! 21.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Class activities will vary from day to day, but students ________ be ready to complete short in­class writings ... 22.(2022·浙江高考)He throws his arms and legs out as if he ________ (be) flying, his eyes wide with excitement. 23.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise ________ (rot) in fields. 24.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)It’s vital that we (be) present. 25.Luckily, we brought a map, we would have lost our way. 26.If it (be) not for his determination, he would not have completed the marathon. 二、翻译 1.正是她的责任感使所有的学生都钦佩她。(强调句型) 2.打羽毛球时,我们既能锻炼身体,又能收获很多乐趣。 3.令她松了口气的是,一夜暴风雨过后,还有一片叶子紧紧挂在墙上。(cling) 4.同样重要的是良好的学习习惯,有用的技能和积极的心态。 (倒装句) 5.只有多练习,你才能学会游泳。(only+状语置于句首) 6.大量危险的工作可以让机器人来做的时代已经到来。(there comes...) 7.尤其受年轻人欢迎的是徒步旅行。(倒装句) 8.虽然筹备这些事情让我筋疲力尽,我一心想瘫倒在沙发上,但还是有一些给孩子们买的东西必须买。 9.空地中央矗立着一棵古老多节的树,与其他任何树都不同,树皮似乎泛着淡淡的银光。 10.里面有苹果、糖、面粉,还有一节新电池——正是利奥的机器人需要的那种。 11.看着它们高飞,听着它们歌唱,我感到更加积极和充满希望。 12.尽管感到难过,我还是忍不住期待鸽子们的到来。(汉译英) 13.她感到非常羞愧,几乎要哭了。(so...that...倒装结构) 14.尽管心情难过,我还是忍不住期待鸽子的到来。 15.没有什么可看的,没有什么能占据他的思绪或双手,每天这样闲逛让他抓狂。 16.他的右边有几棵粗壮的树,也许可以躲在后面。 17.她感到非常羞愧,几乎要哭了。(so...that...倒装结构; be close to) 18.要是他们对一幅你不感兴趣的画谈论很久怎么办?(what if…) 19.老师是混乱中镇定的支柱,继续上课,仿佛什么都没发生过。 20.它们重新开始筑巢,仿佛什么都没发生过。 21.我的建议是,学校应制定严格的人工智能使用标准,并教会学生如何辨别可靠的信息来源。 22.仿佛世界末日即将来临! 23.该专家建议,报告应公正体现所有研究团队的贡献。(recommend, do justice to) 24.如果你遇到一些不认识的字,我强烈建议你查阅参考书。(character; recommend; refer to) 25.她紧张地四处张望,仿佛已经闻到了浓烟。(as if) 26.无论黑夜多么深沉,太阳总会在清晨升起,仿佛是光明的第一缕气息。(no matter,as if虚拟语气) 27.为了保持健康,我们建议同学们均衡饮食和定期锻炼。(recommend+从句) 28.学校建议我们毕业时把自己用过的书捐给图书馆,这样它们可以作为学习资源,发挥更大的作用。(propose) ( 第 8 页 共 10 页 )学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 第06讲 三大特殊句式精讲(倒装句、强调句和虚拟语气)(寒假预习讲义) 一、精讲类型、使用和常见考点: 分析近年高考真题可知,高考对特殊句式的考查注重在复杂语境下与其它语法知识的综合考查。如语法填空中可以考查状语从句和省略句的综合运用,可以考查动词的主谓一致现象。阅读理解中出现的特殊句式会影响对句子和文章的准确理解。尤其在书面表达中熟练运用特殊句式成为得分的亮点。 年份 卷别 倒装句 省略句 强调句 2025 新高考I卷 There was Though friendly It was me who was at fault 新高考II卷 There was..;There are... Hope this email finds you well! Success is sweeter when shared. 北京卷 There is / / 2024 新高考I卷 there is what to do It was.. 新高考II卷 there is/was;what to do Trost thinks so. / 全国甲卷 / what/how to do / 2023 新高考I卷 there was how to do / 新高考II卷 there was where to do / 考点一 倒装句 1 完全倒装句 1.表示时间、地点、方位和动作转移的副词如here, there, up, down, in, out, off, away等用于句首. 例1. There remains the possibility that mistakes have been made. 仍然有已经出错的可能。 例2. Out rushed the students. 例3. Down fell the apple. 2.当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时,也常常用全部倒装。 例1. South of the city lies a factory.城市的南面有家工厂。 例2.Look! From opposite the street come two kids,screaming in panic. 看!两个孩子从街对面过来,(他们)惊慌地尖叫着。 例3.Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs. 3.such作表语置于句首时,也常常用全部倒装。 例1. Such was Einstein,a simple man but a great scientist.这就是爱因斯坦,一位朴实而又伟大的科学家。 例2 .Such was Albert Einstein, a simple but great scientist. 4.为了平衡句子结构,表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。 (1) 形容词+连系动词+主语 Present at the meeting were some experts. 到会的是一些专家。 (2) 过去分词+连系动词+主语 例1. Gone are the days when we walked to work. 我们步行上班的时代一去不复返了。 例2. Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 埋在沙子里的是一个古老的村庄。 (3) 介词短语+连系动词+主语 Among the goods are flowers,candles and toys. 货物中有花,蜡烛和玩具。 名师点津 1. there,here,now,then,up,down,out,in,away位于句首,句子谓语是go,come,run等不及物动词,可将谓语全部置于主语之前。但主语是人称代词时,不倒装。 2. only修饰主语置于句首时, 不用倒装。 3. 若两个主语一致时, 则表示同意以上观点, 不能倒装, 此时so表示“的确如此”, 即用so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词。 4. 当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时, 通常用“so it is with. . . ”或“it is the same with. . . ”。 5. Neither. . . nor. . . “……既不……, ……也不……”, 连接两个并列分句时, 这两个并列分句都用倒装结构。 6. though引导让步状语从句时, 可以倒装也可以不倒装。although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装。 2 部分倒装句 1.句子以never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely等表示否定意义的副词以及by no means,not until,not only,not a word,not a single,on no condition,in no case等。表示否定意义的词组开头,要用部分倒装语序。 例1. Never will he come back to the factory.他永远也不会回到这家工厂了。 例2. Not only do the nurses want a pay increase,they want reduced hours as well. 护士们不仅想要增加报酬,她们也想要减少工作时间。 例3. Never have I found him so happy. 我从来没有觉得他这么高兴过。 例4.Not until he was isolated from everyone did he realize how vital the interaction with others was. 直到他与所有人隔绝,他才意识到与他人的互动是多么重要。 例5.Under no circumstances should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the others. 在任何情况下,我们不应该做任何对自己有利但损伤他人利益的事。 2.当句子用so,nor,neither开头,说明前面一句话中的情况也适用于另外一些人或物时,主语和谓语部分倒装。 a.“so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一人或物,意为“……也是如此”。 例1 —I've got an enormous amount of work to do.我有大量的工作要做。 —So have I.我也如此。 例2. Tom likes English,and so do I.汤姆喜欢英语,我也喜欢英语。 b.“neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示前面所说的否定内容也适用于另一人或物,意为“……也不这样”。 I don't like it, neither does Tom. 我不喜欢它,汤姆也不喜欢它。 3.在so/such...that引导的结果状语从句中,为了强调,把so/such提到句首时,主谓要倒装。 例1. So moved was she that she could not say a word. 她感动得一句话都说不出来。 例3. So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others. 他跑得那么快以至于远远超过了其他人。 4.as/though引导让步状语从句时句子要用倒装语序,即要将从句中的表语、状语或从句中的动词提到as/though的前面。 例1. Child as he is,he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子,但他懂得很多。 例2. Much as I like it, I'll not buy it. 尽管我很喜欢它,但我不会买。 例3.Pretty as she is, she is not proud. 尽管她很漂亮,但她一点也不自负。 例4.Try as he would, he might fail again. 尽管他要尝试,但可能还会失败。 【名师点津】在as/though引导的让步状语从句中,作表语的单数可数名词前不用加任何冠词。 5.在省略if的虚拟条件句中,were,had或should要提到句首构成倒装。 例1.Had you come a few minutes earlier,you would have seen him. 如果你早来几分钟,你就能看见他了。 例2. Had you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examination. 要是早复习了功课,你有可能就通过考试了。 例3. Should it not rain tomorrow, we would go for a picnic. 要是明天不下雨,我们就可以去野餐。 6.当only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时,采用部分倒装形式。要注意“only+主语”用在句首时不倒装。 例1. Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home. 直到莉莉走进办公室,她才意识到自己把合同落在家里了。 例2. Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语) 只有用这种方法才能可能解释它。 例3. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (从句) 直到1918年战争结束后,他才得以满怀高兴地重返工作岗位。 例4. Only you can help me.只有你能帮助我。 7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子。 例1. May you succeed!祝你成功! 例2. Long live the People’s Republic of China! = May the People’s Republic of China (should) live long. 中华人民共和国万岁! 8.neither...nor...连接两个并列分句时,这两个分句都要用倒装形式。 Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.我既不知道这件事,也不关心这件事。 3 there be句式的倒装 1.There be 句型表示“某地有某物或某时有某事”。there 是引导词,be 后面的名词是主语,基本结构为 “there be+人或物+地点或时间”。 例1. There have been many great changes in our country since then. 自从那时起我国发生了很多大的变化。 例2.I think there is a problem with the engine.【2021年新高考I卷听力】我想是引擎出了问题。 例3. There, at the entrance, was a cash machine.【2024年新高考I卷读后续写】 在入口处,有一台提款机。 例4.There was plenty of space for the kids to run and play.【2025年新高考I卷阅读理解】 孩子们有足够的空间奔跑和玩耍。 2. There be 句型中的主谓一致的原则 主语是单数或不可数名词时,be用单数形式。主语是复数名词时,be用复数形式。如果主语是并列结构,be动词应遵循“就近原则”,即be动词与离其最近的主语保持一致。 例1. There are two people waiting outside. 有两个人正在外面等候。 例2. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. 有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适 3.There be 句型中常用动词和形式 There be 结构中的谓语动词 be 有时可以用 seem to be, happen to be, is likely to be 或半系动词remain,stand,lie,go,exist, follow,live,come,occur 等替换。结构有的时态形式,而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。 例1. Despite the defence, there is likely to be some flooding. 尽管有保护措施,但洪水还是很可能涌进城市。 例2. Once upon a time, there lived an old king in the castle. 从前,那座城堡里住着一位国王。 例3. There is going to be hardship, but we have to grit our teeth and get on with it. 磨难会有的,但我们必须下定决心继续做下去。. 例4. There have been many such accidents.已发生了好几起那样的事故。 例5. There can be thousands of rice plants in one paddy. 一块稻田可能有成千上万株水稻。 4.There be 句型的常考句式: There is no point/sense(in)doing sth.做某事没有意义 There is no doubt that...毫无疑问…… There is no need(for sb.)to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事 There is(no)difficulty/trouble in doing/with sth.做某事(没)有困难 There is(no)possibility of(doing)sth./that...(做)某事(没)有可能性 5. There be 句型中的非谓语形式 There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be 和there being 两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。 I expect there to be no argument about this. 我希望在这方面不会有任何争论。 I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me. 我从没想过会有什么好机会。 There being nothing else to do,we went home. (there be句型的独立主格结构) 由于我们无事可做,我们就回家了。 考点二 强调句 强调是一种修辞效果,是为了对一定语境中的部分内容进行突出而采用的一种手段。英语中的强调主要有It is/was...that/who...型,“do/does/did+动词原形”型,或通过某些词加强语气等。 1 It is/was...that/who...强调句 这种句型可以对除谓语以外的成分进行强调。当强调部分为“人”时, 可用that或who, 其他情况下用that。强调的是现在时或将来时,用It is...that/who...;强调部分是过去时,用It was...that/who...。 对主语进行强调:It was I that/who bought my son a new mobile phone in this shop yesterday. 对地点状语进行强调:It was in the park that he met Lily for the first time. 正是在那个公园他第一次遇到了lily。 对宾语进行强调:It was him who won the game held last week. 是他赢得了上周举行的比赛。. 对时间状语进行强调:It was yesterday that I bought my son a new mobile phone in this shop. 【名师点津】强调主语时,其后的谓语动词应当和主语保持人称和数的一致。 例1. It is White and Betty who often do good deeds for the old lady. 例2. It is he who is to blame.这是他的错。 名师点津 1. 在强调句中,that进行连接,没有实际意义,只起到语法连接作用,只有指人时,可以用who代替that。 例1. It was in Beijing that I was born. 我就是在北京出生的. 例2. It was Jane, the fastest student in our school, who first crossed the finish line. 是我们学校跑的最快的学生Jane第一个冲过了终点线。 2. 强调句中be的时态要根据原句的时态而定。有时还可用It might be/must have been/can’t be...that/who...等句式。 例1. It is the child that controls the pace, topic and lessons, not the rest of the class or the teacher.掌握进度、话题和课程的是这个孩子,而不是班上其余的人或老师。 例2. It might be tomorrow evening that the news will be broadcast.这则消息可能在明天晚上播出。 例3. It must have been Lily who cooked the meal.肯定是莉莉做的这顿饭。 3. 人称和数的运用 被强调的部分如果是句子的主语,that/who之后的谓语动词在人称和数上应与句子的主语保持一致。 例1. It is I that/who am going to study abroad.是我要去国外学习。 例2. It is he that/who is leaving for Shanghai on business.是他将要去上海出差。 2 not...until...用于强调句 “not. . . until. . . ”句型的强调结构为“It is/was not until. . . that. . . ”。 例1. It was not until 11 o’clock last night that he went to bed. 直到昨晚11点,他才上床睡觉。 例2. It was not until he got home 30 minutes later that he found he had left his bag in the taxi. 直到他到家三十分钟后他才发现他把包落在了出租车上。 【名师点津】Not until...用于句首时,也可表示强调,句子使用部分倒装。如,Not until 11 o’clock did he go to bed. 3 强调句的一般疑问句形式:Is/Was it+被强调部分+who/that...? 例1. Was it in 1939 that World War Ⅱ broke out? 是在1939年Ⅱ世界大战爆发了吗? 例2. Was it in the park that he met our new teacher? 他是在公园里遇到我们的新老师的吗? 4 强调句的特殊疑问句形式:特殊疑问词+is/was it+who/that...? 例1. Where was it that you met Jack yesterday? 你昨天是在哪里见到杰克的? 例2. When was it that he made up his mind to take this course? 他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的? 例3. Who was it that broke the window?打破窗户的是谁? 5 强调句与定语从句和名词性从句易混辨析 强调句与主语从句的区别 强调句型去掉It is/was和that之后, 句子结构仍然完整, 而主语从句却不能。 1. It is there that accidents often happen. (强调句) 2. It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (主语从句) 强调句与定语从句的区别 强调句中that没有意义, 且不作任何成分, 而定语从句中that为关系代词, 在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。 1. It is novels that Miss William enjoys reading. (强调句) 2. It is a question that needs careful consideration. (定语从句) 强调句与状语从句的区别 强调句型去掉It is/was和that后, 结构完整, 而It is. . . when. . . 中, it指代时间。 1. It was at six o’clock that I got up today. (强调句) 2. It was six o’clock when I got up today. (状语从句) 6 do/does/did强调谓语动词 用助动词do,does或did来强调谓语动词,用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中,do还可以用于祈使句。 1. do/does/did+动词原形。 例1. She does like music. 她真的喜欢音乐。 例2. She did tell me her address,but I forgot all about it. 她确实告诉过我她的地址,但我全忘了。 2. “never+助动词do”也常用来表示强调, 一般意为“从来没有, 绝不”。 【名师点津】在强调谓语时,do/does/did译为“的确、确实”等,其后动词用原形。 考点三 省略句 1 状语从句的省略 在as if,if,though,when,where,while,no matter what,until等引导的状语从句中,若谓语部分含be动词,而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时,从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。 例1. All the photographs in this book, unless (the photographs are) stated otherwise,date from the 1950s. 这本书里所有的照片,除非有说明,否则,都要追溯到20世纪50年代。 例2. When (it is) faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair. 当(它是)面对如此多的选择时,狮子会选择冻结和等待,而不是攻击拿着椅子的人。 例3. When (people are)reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen.【2024年新高考I卷】(主句逻辑主语for people省略)当阅读几百个单词或更多的文本时,在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。 特殊省略 意义 特殊省略 意义 as soon as possible 尽快 as before/usual 像以前/寻常一样 if so 如果这样的话 if not 若非如此 if ever 如果曾经有的话 if any 如果有的话 if possible 如果可能的话 if necessary 如果有必要的话 If possible,let me know beforehand. 如有可能,事先通知我。 Whenever (it is) possible, he will come to my help. 他会在任何可能的时候来帮助我。 2 定语从句的省略 1.在限制性定语从句中, 关系代词that, which, whom充当宾语, 而且前面无介词时可省略。 例1. He lost the watch (that/which) he bought yesterday. 2. the way后的定语从句常省略关系词that或in which, the time后的定语从句常省略关系词that或when。 例1.The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice. 他们展示了微塑料是如何通过沸腾过程被捕获的,这很好。【2025年新高考I卷】 例2. I don’t like the way (that/in which) he speaks to others. 3 名词性从句的省略 1.引导宾语从句的从属连词that可省略。但及物动词后跟两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时, 只有第一个连词that可省略。 例1. He told me (that) she was a beautiful girl and that she was kind. 他告诉我(那个)她是一个漂亮的女孩,而且她很善良 例2. Educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same.【2024年新高考I卷】 教育工作者不应该认为所有的媒体都是一样的。 2.wh-+to do如果从句中不影响句意理解,可以省略主谓的部分,保留wh+to do, 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。 例1. I don’t know what to do.【2021年全国乙卷听力】=I don’t know what I can do.我不知道该怎么办。 例2.You have to know where to stand for a good viewpoint. (作宾语)你得知道站在哪儿才会有好的视角。 例3. I have no idea how to deal with it. (作同位语)我不知道怎么应对。 In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. 【2025年新高考I卷】 在他们的新书《运动:如何夺回我们的街道,改变我们的生活》中,他们呼吁重新思考我们的街道以及它们在我们生活中扮演的角色。 3. I’m afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答语后面跟so与not分别相当于肯定或否定,宾语从句可省去。 例1. —Do you think it will rain? —I hope not (that it will not rain). 例2.—Do you think it will rain?你认为会下雨吗? —I hope not/that it will not rain.我希望不要下。 例3—Do you believe our team will win?你相信我们队会赢吗? —I guess so.我猜会赢。 4 不定式的省略 1. 动词mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish, 后面可用保留不定式符号to而省略其余短语。如果不定式中含有be, have, have been, 通常保留be, have和have been。 例1. —Are you a sailor? —No, but I used to be. 例2.—Will you join in the game? —I’d be glad to. 2.当主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时,作表语的不定式可省略to。 The only thing you have to do is press the button. 你唯一要做的事情就是按按钮。 3.不定式作介词but, except的宾语,前面有实义动词do的某种形式时,不定式常省略to。 I had nothing to do but wait here. 今天下午我除了在这等待无事可做。 4.当两个或两个以上的不定式并列时,后面的不定式符号to可省略,但表示对比关系时则不能省略。 I'm really puzzled what to think of and express. 我真的不知道想什么和表达什么。 It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 制订计划比执行计划容易。 5.在see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to等感官动词及使役动词let, make, have后作宾语补足语的不定式不加to,但当宾语补足语变为主语补足语时,不定式要加上to。 She saw him walk into the house. 她看到他走进了那座房子。 He was seen to walk into the house. 有人看到他走进了那座房子。 He had two boys wash his car. 他让两个男孩给他洗车。 6.you'd better/why not后跟不带to的不定式。 Why not try it again? 为什么不再试试? You'd better get up early when you want to keep up with others. 当你想追赶他人时,你最好起得早些。 名师点津 1. 当不定式用于let, make, have等使役动词后作宾语补足语时,不定式必须省略to。 2. 在feel, observe, hear, notice, see, watch等感官动词后作宾补的不定式也要省略to。 3. 在had better, would rather, rather than等结构后的动词不定式要省略to。 4. 在由and, or, than连接的两个不定式中,第二个不定式to可以省去。 【名师点津】在被动语态中,使役动词和感官动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式前的to不能省略;需要强调对比或特定意义,保留to。 考点四 祈使句和感叹句 祈使句:用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称,通常省略,有时也可以加称呼语。 肯定式:动词原形开头。(I)Wish you were here. 如果你在这就好了 否定式:在动词前面加don’t。(It)Don’t give up.不要放弃。 强调式:肯定句在其前加do, 否定句在其前加never。 1 名词词组+and+陈述句(一般将来时) 名词词组中通常含有more,another,further,earlier等词。 例1. One step further and you'll fall down.再多走一步,你就会摔倒。 例2. Just a little more patience and we'll look into its00n. 再耐心点儿,我们很快就会调查此事。 2 “祈使句+and/or+陈述句(一般将来时)” 例1.Call me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result. 明天给我打电话,我会让你知道实验结果的。 例2.Start out right away,or we'll miss the first train. 立刻出发,否则的话,我们将要错过首班车。 名师点津 1. 根据动词原形开头或者名词短语开头后,空格后出现主谓结构,判断设空处填连词。 2. 在此句式中,and译为“那么”。or译为“否则”。 感叹句用来表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”等强烈情感,亦可用于表扬、批评等情感表达。英语感叹句常用“what”和“how”引导,并与所修饰的词置于句首,其它部分用陈述句语序。句末用感叹号“!”,读时用降调。 感叹句 1 what引导的感叹句 What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! What a clever boy he is!多聪明的男孩呀! What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语! What beautiful flowers they are!多美的花啊! What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语! What fine weather it is!多好的天气啊! 2 how引导的感叹句 How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语! How high the mountain is!这山真高呀! How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! How clever a boy he is!多聪明的男孩呀! How+主语+谓语! How time flies! 时间过得真快呀! 考点五 虚拟语气 (一)情态动词 表达多种语义:情态动词主要用于表达说话人的语气、情态,涵盖能力(如 can)、许可(如 may)、义务(如 must)、可能性(如 might)、劝告建议(如 should)等多种语义范畴。 后接动词原形:它们自身具有一定词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须与不带 to 的动词不定式(即动词原形)一起构成谓语结构,这是其在语法形式上的重要特点。 存在时态变化:部分情态动词有过去式形式,如 can - could、may - might 等,过去式形式在用法上既可以表示过去的相应语义(如过去的能力、过去的许可等),也可在现在时态用于表达更委婉的语气等。 (二)虚拟语气 用于非真实情境:虚拟语气专门用于传达说话人的主观愿望、假设、猜测、建议等与现实情况不符的内容,或者是表达与事实相反的状况,通过特定的动词形式变化来体现这种虚拟性。 遵循特定句式:不同类型的虚拟情境(如与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反等)都有各自对应的固定句式,这些句式在条件句(常以 If 引导)和主句中的动词时态、形式搭配都有严格规定。 知识点一 情态动词的基本用法 1.can, could (1)能、会,表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。 Can you lift this heavy box? 你能举起这个沉重的箱子吗? (2)可以,表示请求和允许。 —Can I go now?我可以走了吗? —Yes, you can.是的,你可以。/No, you can’t. 不,你不可以。 在疑问句中can还可用could, might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,但不能用于肯定句和答语中。 —Could I go to see you tomorrow? 我明天能去看你吗? —Yes, you can.( No, I’m afraid not.) 是的,你可以。 (不,恐怕不行。 ) (3)可能,表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句中。 This can’t be done by him.How can this be true? 他不可能这么做。 这怎么可能是真的? 2.may, might (1)表示请求和允许。 might比may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。肯定性应答要用can或may代替could或might。否定回答时可用can’t 或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。 —May/Might I take this book out of the room? 我可以把这本书从房间里拿出来吗? —Yes, you can/may.(No, you can’t/mustn’t.) 是的,你可以。 (不,你不可以) (2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。 May you succeed!祝你/您成功! 3.will, would (1)表示请求、建议等,would比will更委婉。 Will/Would you pass me the ball, please? 请把球递给我好吗? (2)表示意志、愿望和决心。 I will never do that again. 我再也不会那样做了。 (3)would表示过去反复发生。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。 During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. 在假期里,他每隔一天都会来看我。 4.must, have to (1)表示必须、必要 Whatever happens, you must come in time. 不管发生什么,你必须及时来。 在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t, don’t have to(不必)。 (2)must是说话人的主观看法,而have to则强调客观需要。 must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式。 I really must go now.我真的必须走了。 I had to work when I was your age. 我像你这么大的时候不得不工作。 (3)must表示推测(只用于肯定的陈述句),意为“一定、准时”:must do表示对目前情况的推测,must have done表示对过去情况的推测。 You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best. 你是汤姆的好朋友,所以你一定知道他最喜欢什么。 It must have rained last night.昨晚一定下雨了。 【名师指津】 can在表推测时,一般用于否定句中,can’t do表示对目前情况的推测,can’t have done表示对过去情况的推测, 可译为“不可能……”。 That man can not be Li Lei. 那个人不可能是李磊。 He can’t have known the news then. 他当时绝不可能知道那个消息。 5.dare, need (1)dare作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,过去式为dared。 How dare you say I’m unfair? 你怎么敢说我不公平? (2)need作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定回答时一般用must, 否定用needn’t。  —Need I finish the work today? 我今天需要完成工作吗? —Yes, you must./No, you needn’t. 是的,你必须。/不,你不需要。 注意:dare和need作实义动词用时,有人称、时态和数的变化,都可以接带to的不定式。 6.shall, should shall 1.shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。 2.shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 should 1.表示“应该”,在疑问句中常用should代替ought to。“should+ have+过去分词” 表示本应该在过去做但没有做。 2.表示“吃惊”,作“居然、竟然”讲。 Shall he come in now?让他进来吗? You shall fail if you don’t work hard. 如果你不努力工作,你就会失败。 You should help him because he is in trouble. 你应该帮助他,因为他有麻烦。 It’s a pity that you should be so careless. 很遗憾,你竟然如此粗心。 7.ought to (1)ought to意为“应该,应当”,没有人称和数的变化。ought to的否定形式为ought not to或oughtn’t to,其一般疑问句形式是将ought置于主语前。多数情况下,ought to可与should互换使用。 Ought I to go?我该去吗? —Yes, you ought to.是的,你应该。 —No,you oughtn’t to.不,你不应该。 (2)ought to/should have done表示“过去应该做而未做”, 其否定句则表示“过去不该做但做了”。 I’m sorry.I ought to/should have phoned to tell you I was coming. 对不起,我本应该先给你打个电话告诉你我要来。 8.情态动词+have done (1)must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测,把握性大,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的。 (2)may/might/could have done表示对发生过的事情的肯定推测,把握性小,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。 —What has happened to George? 乔治发生了什么事? —I don’t know.He may/might/could have got lost. 我不知道,他可能迷路了。 (3)should have done本来应该做某事,而实际没做;shouldn’t+have done表示“本来不应该做某事,而实际做了”,含有指责对方或自责的含义。此处ought to和should可互换,但ought to的语气更强一些。 Tom, you are too lazy.The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆,你太懒惰了,这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。 (4)could have done表示本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心。 (5)need have done表示本来需要做某事而实际没有做。needn’t have done则表示“本来不需要做某事而实际做了” He need have hurried to the station.In that case, he wouldn’t have missed the train. 他本来需要快点去车站的,那样的话,他就不会误了火车。 知识点二 虚拟语气 1.虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 包含条件从句的句子称为条件句。条件句分为两类:一类是真实条件句,一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况发生的可能性不大,则用虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句分为三种,见下表: 假设情况 条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 与现在事 实相反 过去式(be的过去式常用were) would/should/might/could+动词原形 与将来 事实相反 (1)过去式 (2)should+动词原形 (3)were to+动词原形 would/should/might/could+动词原形 与过去 事实相反 过去完成时(had+过去分词) would/should/might/could have+过去分词 If he had time now,he would(should/could/might) go with you. 要是他现在有时间,他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反) If you had come a few minutes earlier,you would(should/could/might) have met the famous singer. 如果你早来几分钟,你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反) If it were to snow/should snow/snowed this evening,they would (should/could/might) not go out. 如果今天晚上下雪,他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反) 2.三种特殊的虚拟条件从句 (1)省略if形式的虚拟语气 在if虚拟条件句中,若省略if,则将should,were,had前置,构成主谓倒装句式。 Had I worked harder,I would have succeeded. 如果我当时努力学习的话,我就会成功的。 (2)混合虚拟语气 主、从句表示时间不一致,就构成了混合虚拟语气,主句和从句的时态根据实际的时间概念来定。 If she had followed the doctor’s words,she would feel better now. 如果当初她听从了医生的建议,现在就会好多了。 (3)含蓄虚拟语气 有时假设条件不通过条件从句表达,而是隐含在某些介词短语中,如without...,but for,otherwise,or等。 Without music (=If there were no music),the world would be dull. 世界若无音乐将会很枯燥。 3.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 (1)动词wish后的宾语从句。 表示现在的情况,从句谓语用过去式;表示过去的情况,从句谓语用过去完成式;表示将来的情况,从句谓语用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。 I wish I were ten years younger now. 我希望我现在年轻十岁。 I wish I had met him yesterday. 我昨天能遇到他就好了。 I wish I would be a scientist in the future. 我希望将来成为科学家。 (2)在表示请求、建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。 这类动词有:suggest,recommend, insist, order, require, advise, demand, command, ask, request,propose等。 He suggested that we (should) be there in time. 他建议我们及时到那儿。 (3)在would rather后的宾语从句中,谓语常用过去式来表示现在或将来的情况,用过去完成式表示过去的情况。 I would rather you told me the truth. 我愿意你跟我讲真话。 I would rather you had been present then. 我倒愿意你当时在场。 (4)在“It is (about/high) time+that从句”中,谓语动词常用过去式或“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气,注意should不可省略。 It’s high time that we devoted ourselves to environmental protection. 是我们致力于环境保护的时候了。 (5)as if引导的表语从句和as引导的方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反用一般过去时;与过去事实相反用过去完成时。 They talked and talked as if/though they would never meet again. 他们谈啊谈,好像永远不会再见面一样。 (6)if only引导的感叹句中,用虚拟语气表示愿望。 Look at the trouble we’re in.If only we had taken our teacher’s advice! 看看我们所处的困境,要是我们接受老师的建议就好了! 二、特殊句式精练题 单句语法填空 1. Equally important (be) taking notes and listening to the teacher in class. 【答案】are 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:同样重要的是在课堂上记笔记和听老师讲课。Equally important在开头,句子为完全倒装句,主语为taking notes and listening to the teacher,看作复数形式。句子描述客观事实,用一般现在时。故填are。 2. Sitting in the front row (be) some college students who are invited to take part in a debate. 【答案】are 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:坐在前排的是一些大学生,他们被邀请参加一场辩论。本句为完全倒装结构,主语为some college students,陈述事实用一般现在时,谓语用复数。故填are。 3. Pioneer China may be in the development of umbrellas, similar devices appeared in other ancient civilizations, such as Egypt, Assyria, and Greece, primarily for sun protection. 【答案】as/though 【解析】考查让步状语从句的倒装结构。句意:尽管中国可能是雨伞发展的先驱,但类似的装置也出现在其他古代文明中,如埃及、亚述和希腊,主要用于防晒。“Pioneer ______ China may be in the development of umbrellas”是让步状语从句,表语Pioneer提前,构成“名词+as/though+主语+其他”的倒装结构,表示“尽管……”,应用从属连词as或者though引导这种让步状语从句。故填as/though。 4. It was two thousand years ago the army took control of the two cities. 【答案】that 【解析】考查强调句。句意:是两千年前军队控制了这两座城市。分析句子结构可知,本句为强调句,其基本结构为“It is/was +被强调部分+ that +其他部分”,本句中被强调的部分是时间状语“two thousand years ago”。故填that。 5. He come yesterday but soon went back because of an important meeting. 【答案】did 【解析】考查强调。句意:他昨天确实来了,但因为一个重要的会议很快就回去了。分析句子结构可知,此处是“do/does/did+动词原形”的强调结构。根据yesterday和went back可知,此句是一般过去时,此空应用did。故填did。 6. It is this durability has made the preservation of many valuable works from ancient China possible. 【答案】that 【解析】考查强调句型。句意:正是这种耐久性,使得许多中国古代珍贵作品的保存成为可能。此处为“it be + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子剩余部分”强调句型,强调的是主语this durability,指物,应用that。故填that。 7.If (do) correctly, leveraging your reputation can accomplish that goal for you. 【答案】done 【详解】考查省略。句意:如果做得正确,利用你的声誉可以为你实现这个目标。此处为状语从句的省略,省略了主语和be动词,且为被动关系,应用过去分词。故填done。 8. Though (know) the truth, he remained silent. 【答案】knowing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管知道真相,但他仍然保持沉默。动词know是句子主语he主动发出的动作,用现在分词形式,表示主动,作状语,是状语从句中的省略。故填knowing。 9. Once (complete), it would help cut transport costs by up to 25%. 【答案】completed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:一旦完成,它将有助于将运输成本降低多达25%。本题考查状语从句的省略。当状语从句中的主语和主句中的主语保持一致且含有be动词时,可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。本句话的完整结构为“Once it is completed, it would help cut transport costs by up to 25%.”,所以省略从句中的主语和be动词,剩下过去分词作状语。故填completed。 10.While (do) my homework, I fell asleep. 【答案】doing 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:我在做作业的时候睡着了。当主句和从句主语一致,且从句谓语含有be动词时,从句可省略主语和be动词。原句完整形式为“While I was doing my homework, I fell asleep.”。 故填doing。 11. Tap your fingers on the screen and your favorite books (deliver) to your door within a couple of hours. 【答案】will be delivered 【解析】考查固定句型和时态语态。句意:用手指轻敲屏幕,你最喜欢的书就会在几个小时内送到你家门口。分析句子结构可知,这是一个“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”的结构,陈述句通常用一般将来时,表示在前面的条件下会产生的结果。主语your favorite books与deliver之间是被动关系,即书被递送,因此需用一般将来时的被动语态,其结构为“will be + 过去分词”。故填will be delivered。 12. Take this medicine, you will be OK in no time. 【答案】and 【解析】考查连词。句意:吃了这药,你很快就会好起来的。“祈使句+and+陈述句”为固定句型,意为“……那么……”,表示顺承的结果。故填and。 13. Not only the activity was greatly praised but also it raised our environmental awareness. What a (reward) day! 【答案】rewarding 【解析】考查形容词。句意:活动不仅受到高度赞扬,还提高了我们的环保意识。多么有意义的一天!分析可知,本句为what a/an+形容词+名词+主语结构,空处应为形容词,reward形容词为rewarding表示“值得做的;有益的”,故填rewarding。 14.Study hard, you’ll fail your exams. 【答案】or 【解析】考查固定句型和连词。句意:努力学习,否则你考试会不及格。“祈使句+or+陈述句”是固定句型,祈使句表达的是一种积极的建议,后面陈述句部分则如果不接受建议会产生的一种消极的结果,连词or表示“否则,不然”;从语境来看,句中建议努力学习,这样就能避免考试不及格,适合本句型,用连词or连接。故填or。 15.What an odd (coincident) that he should have known your family. 【答案】coincidence 【详解】考查名词。句意:他竟然认识你的家人,真是太巧了。此处为what a/an +(adj.)+n +( it is)结构的感叹句,因此空处用提示词的名词形式,coincidence“巧合”符合题意,冠词an提示用其单数形式。故填coincidence。 16.(2023·全国甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people ________ (take) responsibility for saving their environment. 【答案】must take  【解析】此处指她教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。must表示义务,意为“必须”。故填must take。 17.(2023·全国乙卷)Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they ________ (be) so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. 【答案】could have been  【解析】此处指“我”如果能准备好并明智地管理好“我”的时间,这些照片本可能拍得更好。could have done表示“本来可以做某事(实际上没做)”。故填could have been。 18.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Teachers and chaperones ________ model good behavior for the group and remain with students at all times. 【答案】should  【解析】此处指教师和监护人应该要树立良好的行为榜样,并始终与学生在一起。表示“应该”,指义务。故填should。 19.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it ________ (be) the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.” 【答案】would be  【解析】此处是对现在的虚拟,主句应用would do。故填would be。 20.(2022·北京高考)He ________ have been waiting there for quite a while! 【答案】must  【解析】此处指他肯定等了很久,表示十分肯定的猜测。故填must。 21.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Class activities will vary from day to day, but students ________ be ready to complete short in­class writings ... 【答案】must  【解析】此处指课堂活动每天都不同,但学生必须准备好在课堂上完成短篇作文。表示“必须”用must。故填must。 22.(2022·浙江高考)He throws his arms and legs out as if he ________ (be) flying, his eyes wide with excitement. 【答案】were  【解析】as if引导的从句,此处表示对现在的虚拟,be动词都用were。故填were。 23.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise ________ (rot) in fields. 【答案】would have rotted  【解析】句意:去年,它通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品,收回了超过807,500磅的粮食,否则这些产品就会在田地里腐烂。此处为otherwise引导的含蓄条件句,与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,主句应用would have done。故填would have rotted。 24.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)It’s vital that we (be) present. 【答案】should be/be 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:我们在场是至关重要的。句中it为形式主语,that引导的从句为主语从句。It’s vital that+从句,从句应用虚拟语气,谓语部分示用should+动词原形,或should可省略。故填(should) be。 25.Luckily, we brought a map, we would have lost our way. 【答案】without which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:幸运的是,我们带了一张地图,否则我们就迷路了。空处前后均为完整的句子,可推知应用“介词+关系代词”的结构引导非限制性定语从句,对先行词a map作补充说明,先行词指物,关系代词应用which,根据“we would have lost our way”可知,此处用了虚拟语气,应该用without表示在特定条件或因素缺失时,某个事件或行为不会发生。故填without which。 26.If it (be) not for his determination, he would not have completed the marathon. 【答案】were 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:要不是因为他的决心,他就不会跑完马拉松。根据主句would not have completed可知本句为祈使句;在虚拟句中,if it were not for+n/pron.为固定句型,意思是“要不是/若不是因为”, 故填were。 二、翻译 1.正是她的责任感使所有的学生都钦佩她。(强调句型) 【答案】It is her sense of responsibility that makes all the students admire her. 【详解】考查强调句型、名词(短语)和动词。句子应该是介绍当前的情况,时态宜用一般现在时,句子强调主语“她的责任感”,可用强调句型“it is+被强调部分+that…”,主语“她的责任感”可用名词短语her sense of responsibility,为单数,“使某人做某事”可用动词短语make sb. do sth.,“所有的学生”可用名词短语all the students,“钦佩她”可用动词admire和代词her搭配。故可译为:It is her sense of responsibility that makes all the students admire her. 2.打羽毛球时,我们既能锻炼身体,又能收获很多乐趣。 【答案】When playing badminton, we can not only exercise our bodies but also have a great time. 【详解】考查状语从句的省略和固定搭配。表示“打羽毛球时”用when引导时间状语从句,从句主语“我们”we,“打羽毛球”play badminton,从句描述正在进行的动作,使用现在进行时,即are playing;主句主语we,“能”使用情态动词can,“锻炼身体”exercise our bodies,“收获很多乐趣”have a great time,“既……又……”使用固定搭配not only...but also...,连接并列谓语,情态动词can后接动词原形形式。when引导时间状语从句,主从句主语一致,且从句中含有be动词形式,则从句主语和be动词可省略,即when playing badminton,句首单词首字母大写。故翻译为When playing badminton, we can not only exercise our bodies but also have a great time. 3.令她松了口气的是,一夜暴风雨过后,还有一片叶子紧紧挂在墙上。(cling) 【答案】To her relief, after a night of storm, there was still a leaf clinging tightly to the wall. 【详解】考查there be句型、时态、非谓语动词和固定短语。“令她松了口气的是”用固定短语to her relief,作状语,句首单词首字母需大写;“一夜暴风雨过后”用介词短语after a night of storm,作时间状语;“还有一片叶子紧紧挂在墙上”用there be句型,句子陈述过去事实,应用一般过去时,主语“一片叶子”用a leaf,为单数,故be动词应用was;“还”用still;“紧紧挂在墙上”用clinging tightly to the wall,作a leaf的后置定语,其中动词cling与逻辑主语a leaf为主动关系,故应用现在分词形式, tightly为副词作状语修饰动词clinging。故翻译为:To her relief, after a night of storm, there was still a leaf clinging tightly to the wall. 4.同样重要的是良好的学习习惯,有用的技能和积极的心态。 (倒装句) 【答案】Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude. 【详解】考查倒装句。表示“良好的学习习惯”用good study habits,表示“有用的技能”用useful skills;表示“积极的心态”用a positive attitude,这三者共同作句子的主语,为并列关系,用and连接。本句描述一般事实,时态用一般现在时,be动词用are;表示“同样重要的”用of equal importance,作表语,句子要用全部倒装结构,即用“表语+系动词+主语”形式。故翻译为Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude. 5.只有多练习,你才能学会游泳。(only+状语置于句首) 【答案】Only by practising more can you learn how to swim. 【详解】考查only引导的部分倒装结构。“only+状语”置于句首时,句子需用部分倒装,即把情态动词、助动词或be动词提到主语之前。“多练习”译为practise more;“能”用情态动词can;“学会游泳”译为learn how to swim。正常语序是 You can learn how to swim only by practising more. 所以按照要求倒装后故,译为Only by practising more can you learn how to swim.故填Only by practising more can you learn how to swim. 6.大量危险的工作可以让机器人来做的时代已经到来。(there comes...) 【答案】There comes a time when many dangerous jobs can be done by robots. 【详解】考查固定句型及定语从句。there comes a time用于引出“……的时代/时刻到来”的表达,需采用完全倒装结构;“一些危险的工作可以让机器人来做的”作为定语修饰“时代”,用关系副词when引导定语从句;“大量危险的工作”对应many dangerous jobs,“由机器人来做”用被动语态can be done by robots体现动作的执行者,robots为零冠词可数名词复数表泛指。结合以上要点,翻译为:There comes a time when many dangerous jobs can be done by robots. 7.尤其受年轻人欢迎的是徒步旅行。(倒装句) 【答案】Especially popular is hiking among young people. 【详解】考查倒装句。 当形容词短语置于句首时,需采用完全倒装结构,即“形容词短语+be动词+主语”;“尤其受欢迎的”对应形容词短语especially popular,置于句首引出倒装;“徒步旅行”是主语hiking,“在年轻人中”用among young people补充范围,句子陈述目前事实,应用一般现在时。故翻译为Especially popular is hiking among young people. 8.虽然筹备这些事情让我筋疲力尽,我一心想瘫倒在沙发上,但还是有一些给孩子们买的东西必须买。 【答案】Though I was exhausted from all those preparations and everything in me wanted to collapse on the sofa, there were things I needed to buy for the kids. 【详解】考查固定搭配、让步状语从句和定语从句。句子描述过去事实,用一般过去时。句子前半部分表让步关系,可用though引导让步状语从句;“因为……而筋疲力尽”用固定搭配be exhausted from;“筹备这些事情”整合意译为名词短语“all those preparations”,意为“所有那些准备工作”;“我一心想瘫倒在沙发上”可用拟人化表达,译为everything in me wanted to collapse on the sofa;后半句为主句部分,用there be句型,译为“there were things I needed to buy for the kids”,其中“I needed to buy for the kids”为省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句,修饰先行词things。故翻译为Though I was exhausted from all those preparations and everything in me wanted to collapse on the sofa, there were things I needed to buy for the kids. 9.空地中央矗立着一棵古老多节的树,与其他任何树都不同,树皮似乎泛着淡淡的银光。 【答案】In its center stood an ancient, gnarled tree unlike any other. Its bark seemed to gleam with a faint silvery light. 【详解】考查形容词、非谓语动词和倒装句。根据句意,该句描述客观存在的景物,全句使用一般现在时;表示“空地中央”为in its center作地点状语,位于句首时句子用全部倒装结构,谓语动词“矗立着”为stood置于主语an ancient, gnarled tree之前;“一棵古老多节的树”为an ancient, gnarled tree作主语,形容词ancient和gnarled并列作定语修饰tree;“与其他任何树都不同”为unlike any other作后置定语修饰tree;后一分句主语为its bark,指代前面提到的树的树皮,“似乎泛着淡淡的银光”译为seemed to gleam with a faint silvery light,seem后接不定式作表语,with a faint silvery light作状语表伴随;位于句首单词首字母需大写。故翻译为In its center stood an ancient, gnarled tree unlike any other. Its bark seemed to gleam with a faint silvery light. 10.里面有苹果、糖、面粉,还有一节新电池——正是利奥的机器人需要的那种。 【答案】Inside were apples, sugar, flour, and a new battery — the exact type Leo’s robot needed. 【详解】考查倒装句、时态和定语从句。表示“里面”应用副词inside,置于句首,句子用完全倒装结构;表示“苹果、糖、面粉”短语为apples, sugar, flour;表示“一节新电池”短语为a new battery;表示“正是……”应用名词短语 the exact type作battery的同位语,其后接省略了关系代词that/which引导的定语从句Leo’s robot needed,修饰先行词 type。本句描述的是过去的情况,且主语apples, sugar, flour, and a new battery为复数概念,be动词应用were,故翻译为Inside were apples, sugar, flour, and a new battery — the exact type Leo’s robot needed. 11.看着它们高飞,听着它们歌唱,我感到更加积极和充满希望。 【答案】As watching them fly high and hearing them sing, I felt more positive and hopeful. 【详解】考查时间状语从句的省略用法、动词短语、形容词和时态。根据句意以及句子结构可知,该句为As引导的时间状语从句,从句为省略用法,当在从句主语一致时,可省略从句主语I和be动词was,从句中,表示“看着它们高飞”应为动词短语watch them fly high;表示“听着它们歌唱”应为动词短语hear them sing;表示“我感到更加积极和充满希望”可译为I felt more positive and hopeful,其中表示“积极的”为形容词positive;表示“充满希望的”为形容词hopeful。结合句意可知,该句应为陈述过去发生的事情,为一般过去时。故翻译为:As watching them fly high and hearing them sing, I felt more positive and hopeful. 12.尽管感到难过,我还是忍不住期待鸽子们的到来。(汉译英) 【答案】Although feeling sad, I couldn’t help but look forward to the doves’ visits. 【详解】考查时态、状语从句的省略和固定短语。“我”在句中作主语,译为I,“忍不住做……”表达为can’t help but do,此句陈述过去的事情,用一般过去时态,can’t用过去式couldn’t,“期待”表达为动词短语look forward to,“鸽子们的到来”表达为名词短语the doves’ visits,作介词to宾语;“尽管感到难过”可表达为although引导的让步状语从句,“感到难过”表达为feel sad,从句主语与主句主语一致,为I,与feel sad之间为主动关系,此从句可表达为状语从句的省略结构“although + doing”。故翻译为:Although feeling sad, I couldn’t help but look forward to the doves’ visits. 13.她感到非常羞愧,几乎要哭了。(so...that...倒装结构) 【答案】So ashamed did she feel that she was close to tears. 【详解】考查倒装结构、形容词以及固定搭配。本句描述过去的感受,用一般过去时。“她感到非常羞愧”是结果状语相关部分,“感到”用feel表示,“羞愧”用ashamed表示,“非常”用so修饰形容词ashamed,正常语序为“she felt so ashamed” ,由于题目要求用so...that...倒装结构,当so...that...结构中的so位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装,即把助动词、be动词或情态动词提到主语前面,这里用一般过去时,助动词为did,所以这部分翻译成“So ashamed did she feel” 。“几乎要哭了”是“so...that...”结构中的that从句部分,“几乎”用close to表示,“要哭”即“处于要哭的状态”,用“be close to tears”表示,主语是she,be动词用was,该部分翻译成“that she was close to tears”。故翻译为So ashamed did she feel that she was close to tears. 14.尽管心情难过,我还是忍不住期待鸽子的到来。 【答案】Although feeling sad, I couldn’t help but look forward to the doves’ visits. 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略、固定短语和时态。表示“尽管心情难过”可表达为让步状语从句,“心情难过”表达为feel sad,从句主语与主句主语一致,为“我”I,与feel之间是主动关系,“尽管心情难过”可表达为状语从句的省略结构although feeling sad;表示“忍不住做某事”的固定短语为“can’t help but do sth”,陈述过去的事情用一般过去时;表示“期待”用动词短语“look forward to”,其中to为介词,后接名词或动名词;表示“鸽子的到来”用名词所有格结构“the doves’ visits”,dove用复数形式doves表示泛指一类鸽子,visit用复数形式表示多次到来的动作。故翻译为Although feeling sad, I couldn’t help but look forward to the doves’ visits. 15.没有什么可看的,没有什么能占据他的思绪或双手,每天这样闲逛让他抓狂。 【答案】There was nothing to look at, nothing to occupy his mind or hands, and hanging around like that each day drove him crazy. 【详解】考查时态、并列结构与非谓语动词。句子使用there be句型,表示“有……”。表示“没有什么”用不定代词nothing,作主语。表示“可看的”用动词 look at,结合nothing可知此处用不定式to look at作后置定语修饰nothing。表示“能占据”用动词occupy,nothing用不定式作定语,故用to occupy修饰 nothing;表示“他的”用his,作定语;表示“思绪”用mind,作occupy的宾语;表示“双手”用hands,表示“或”用or,连接mind和hands,作occupy的宾语。表示“闲逛”用动词短语hang around,此处用动名词hanging around作句子的主语;表示“像那样”用介词短语like that,作方式状语修饰hanging around;表示“每天”用each day,作时间状语;表示“让…… 抓狂”用动词短语drive...crazy,结合前一个分句的一般过去时was,可知此处谓语用drove;表示“他”用him,作drove的宾语。故翻译为There was nothing to look at, nothing to occupy his mind or hands, and hanging around like that each day drove him crazy. 16.他的右边有几棵粗壮的树,也许可以躲在后面。 【答案】To his right were several thick trees that he could maybe hide behind. 【详解】考查倒装结构和定语从句。陈述过去发生的事情,使用一般过去时。表示“他的右边”应用to his right;表示“是”应用be;表示“几棵粗壮的树”应用several thick trees;因表地点的短语置于句首,主谓倒装,主语为复数名词,be动词用were;表示“也许可以躲在后面”用定语从句that he could maybe hide behind修饰trees,trees指物,在从句中作宾语,用that引导。故翻译为To his right were several thick trees that he could maybe hide behind。 17.她感到非常羞愧,几乎要哭了。(so...that...倒装结构; be close to) 【答案】So ashamed did she feel that she was close to tears. 【详解】考查倒装句和固定搭配。“她感到非常羞愧”可用so...that结构,描述已发生的事,用一般过去时,译为“she felt so ashamed that”,根据题干要求,需用“so...that...倒装结构”,故改为“So ashamed did she feel that”,“几乎要哭了”为that引导的结果状语从句,“几乎”用固定搭配be close to,译为“she was close to tears”。故译为So ashamed did she feel that she was close to tears. 18.要是他们对一幅你不感兴趣的画谈论很久怎么办?(what if…) 【答案】What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren’t interested in? 【详解】考查固定句型。what if...用于提出假设性疑问,意为“要是……怎么办”,后接陈述语序,主语“他们”they,“谈论很久”talk a long time,本句为虚拟语气,使用一般过去时,动词使用过去式形式,“你不感兴趣的”用定语从句结构,修饰painting,从句主语you,“不感兴趣”be not interested in,主语是you,be动词使用were,先行词指物,关系词painting在从句中作宾语,使用关系代词that/which引导从句,且关系词可以省略。故翻译为What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren’t interested in? 19.老师是混乱中镇定的支柱,继续上课,仿佛什么都没发生过。 【答案】The teacher, a pillar of calm in the midst of the commotion, resumed the lesson as if nothing had happened. 【详解】考查一般过去时和虚拟语气。表示“老师”应用the teacher,表示“镇定的支柱”应用a pillar of calm,此处作teacher的同位语。表示“在……中”应用介词短语in the midst of,表示“混乱”应用名词commotion。表示“继续上课”应用resume the lesson,此处描述过去的事情,应用一般过去时。表示“仿佛”应用as if,表示“什么都没发生”应用nothing happened,此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,应用had done。故翻译为The teacher, a pillar of calm in the midst of the commotion, resumed the lesson as if nothing had happened. 20.它们重新开始筑巢,仿佛什么都没发生过。 【答案】They started building their nest(s) all over again, as if nothing had occurred. 【详解】考查状语从句、虚拟语气和动词时态。 表示“重新,再一次”短语为all over again; 表示“开始筑巢”用start building their nest(s),描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时started,start doing是固定短语,意为“开始做某事”,nest(s)是名词作宾语,意为“窝,巢,穴”; 表示“仿佛什么都没发生过”用as if引导状语从句,用虚拟语气结构as if nothing had occurred,其中occur描述与过去事实不符的假设,用过去完成时,意为“发生”。 故翻译为They started building their nest(s) all over again, as if nothing had occurred. 21.我的建议是,学校应制定严格的人工智能使用标准,并教会学生如何辨别可靠的信息来源。 【答案】My suggestion is that schools should set strict standards for AI use and teach students how to distinguish reliable information sources. 【详解】考查表语从句和虚拟语气。句子描述客观事实,时态用一般现在时,“我的建议是”是my suggestion is,后跟that引导的表语从句,从句中用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气,“学校”是schools,“制定严格的人工智能使用标准”是set strict standards for AI use,“并”是and,“教会学生”是teach students,“如何辨别”是how to distinguish,为“特殊疑问词+不定式”作宾语,“可靠的信息来源”是reliable information sources。故答案为My suggestion is that schools should set strict standards for AI use and teach students how to distinguish reliable information sources. 22.仿佛世界末日即将来临! 【答案】It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 【详解】考查固定句型、动词短语、表语从句和虚拟语气。本句主句描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。表示“仿佛”可用固定句型it seemed as if,as if引导表语从句,句首单词首字母需大写;从句“世界末日即将来临”可理解为“世界即将结束”,主语“世界”用the world,“结束”可用动词短语come to an end,且此处表示“即将”,可用进行时表将来,come需变为be coming的形式,因从句表示的情况与当时的事实不符,需用虚拟语气,be动词应用were。故翻译为It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 23.该专家建议,报告应公正体现所有研究团队的贡献。(recommend, do justice to) 【答案】The expert recommended that the report should do justice to the contributions of all research teams. 【详解】考查时态,虚拟语气和从句。主语“该专家建议”,根据提示recommend,可译为“The expert recommended that...”,recommend后接宾语从句时,需使用虚拟语气,结构为 “recommend that sb. (should) do sth.”,其中 should 可省略,根据语境,“建议”为过去发生的动作,因此 recommend 用过去式 recommended;“报告应公正体现”,结合提示译为“the report should do justice to”,“do justice to sth.”为固定短语,意为“公正对待;充分体现”,对应 “公正体现” 的语义,“所有研究团队的贡献”的译为 “the contributions of all research teams”,用 “contributions”对应“贡献”,“research teams” 对应“研究团队”,介词 of 构成所有格,清晰表达所属关系。故译为The expert recommended that the report should do justice to the contributions of all research teams. 24.如果你遇到一些不认识的字,我强烈建议你查阅参考书。(character; recommend; refer to) 【答案】If you meet with some characters you don’t know, I strongly recommend that you should refer to reference books. 【详解】考查状语从句、定语从句、宾语从句用法以及固定短语。根据句意,该句描述一般性建议,使用一般现在时;“如果你遇到一些不认识的字”为if引导的条件状语从句,表示“遇到”为译为meet with,表示“一些字”为some characters作宾语,表示“(你)不认识的”为定语从句,修饰名词characters,从句中缺少宾语,所以使用关系代词which/that,且可以省略,可翻译为you don’t know,从句可译为If you meet with some characters you don’t know;主句“我强烈建议你查阅参考书”中,表示“我”为I作主语,表示“建议”为recommend,表示“强烈”为strongly作状语修饰动词recommend,表示“你查阅参考书”为宾语从句作宾语,从句中不缺成分,且句意完整,所以此处使用连接词that引导,表示“你”为you作宾语从句的主语,表示“查阅”为refer to,此处为“建议”后的宾语从句,所以谓语动词为“should+动词原形”,表示“参考书”reference books作宾语,所以主句译为I strongly recommend that you should refer to reference books。故翻译为If you meet with some characters you don’t know, I strongly recommend that you should refer to reference books. 25.她紧张地四处张望,仿佛已经闻到了浓烟。(as if) 【答案】She looked around nervously as if she had smelt the thick smoke. 【详解】考查状语从句、固定搭配和动词时态。句子主干为“她紧张地四处张望”,用主句“She looked around nervously”表达,其中“nervously”在句中作状语,用副词修饰动词短语“looked around”;“仿佛”在句中引导方式状语,应用“as if”;“已经闻到了”作从句谓语,表示与过去事实相反的情况,应用过去完成时“had smelt”;“浓烟”作宾语,用形容词“thick”修饰名词“smoke”。故翻译为She looked around nervously as if she had smelt the thick smoke. 26.无论黑夜多么深沉,太阳总会在清晨升起,仿佛是光明的第一缕气息。(no matter,as if虚拟语气) 【答案】No matter how dark the night is, the sun will always rise in the early morning, as if it were the first ray of light. 【详解】考查让步状语从句和方式状语从句。“无论黑夜多么深沉”用 no matter how引导让步状语从句,结构为 :no matter how + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语,从句主语“夜晚”用the night,表语“深沉的”用dark,陈述客观事实,用一般现在时,系动词用is;“仿佛是光明的第一缕气息”是与事实不符的比喻,用as if引导方式状语从句,需使用虚拟语气,对现在情况虚拟时从句谓语动词用were,从句主语是it(指代太阳),表语“第一缕气息”用the first ray of light;“太阳总会在清晨升起”为主句,主语“太阳”是the sun,谓语“会升起”是will rise,状语“在清晨”是in the early morning。故翻译为No matter how dark the night is, the sun will always rise in the early morning, as if it were the first ray of light. 27.为了保持健康,我们建议同学们均衡饮食和定期锻炼。(recommend+从句) 【答案】To stay/keep fit/healthy, we recommend (that) students (should) have a balanced diet and work out on a regular basis/regularly. 【详解】考查宾语从句。句子陈述目前的情况,宜用一般现在时;“保持健康”为动词短语stay/keep fit/healthy,作目的状语,用其不定式形式;“我们建议”用we recommend (that)...表达,that引导宾语从句,且宾语从句要用虚拟语气,谓语结构为“(should) do”,从句的主语“同学们”是students,复数形式表泛指,“(吃)均衡饮食”用have a balanced diet表达,“定期锻炼”用work out on a regular basis/regularly表达,have和work out位于情态动词should后,应用原形。综上,故翻译为To stay/keep fit/healthy, we recommend (that) students (should) have a balanced diet and work out on a regular basis/regularly. 28.学校建议我们毕业时把自己用过的书捐给图书馆,这样它们可以作为学习资源,发挥更大的作用。(propose) 【答案】The school proposed that we should donate our used books to the library when we graduate, so that they can be used as the learning resources and play a bigger role. 【详解】考查虚拟语气和从句。“建议”是propose,其后接宾语从句,需用虚拟语气,即“should + 动词原形”,“should”可省略。“捐赠某物给……”为“donate sth. to.”,“用过的书”是“used books”作donate的宾语,“图书馆”为the library作to的宾语,“毕业”是“graduate”,“when”引导时间状语从句 ,从句用一般现在时,表示将来。“这样”为“so that”引导的目的状语从句;“可以”为can;“作为……被使用”是“be used as”;“学习资源”为“the learning resources”;“发挥更大作用”是“play a bigger role”。主句描述过去学校提出的建议,“propose”用过去式“proposed”。故译为The school proposed that we should donate our used books when we graduate, so that they can be used as the learning resources and play a bigger role. 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第06讲 三大特殊句式精讲(倒装句、强调句和虚拟语气)(寒假预习讲义)高二英语人教版
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第06讲 三大特殊句式精讲(倒装句、强调句和虚拟语气)(寒假预习讲义)高二英语人教版
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第06讲 三大特殊句式精讲(倒装句、强调句和虚拟语气)(寒假预习讲义)高二英语人教版
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