专题05 现在完成时（寒假复习讲义）七年级英语新教材沪教版五四学制

专题05现在完成时 知识精讲 现在完成时表示： 1. 过去发生的动作，对现在造成了影响或结果。 2. 过去开始的动作，一直持续到现在。 由 “助动词 have/has + 动词的过去分词 (V-ed)” 构成 ( 考点一 构成形式 ) 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 I have finished my homework. (我已经做完作业了。) 否定句 主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 He hasn't come yet. (他还没来。) 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词? Have you read this book? (你读过这本书吗？) 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词? How long have you lived here? (你在这里住了多久了？) 主语是第三人称单数（he, she, it, Tom等）时，用 has。 其他人称（I, you, we, they等）时，用 have。 ( 考点二 变化规则 ) 规则变化 一般加 -ed work worked 以不发音的 e 结尾加 -d live lived 辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 -ed study studied 重读闭音节，双写末尾字母加 -ed stop stopped 不规则变化 特殊记忆 go gone come come see seen eat eaten buy bought do done have had ( 考点 三 时间标志词 ) 1. already（已经）：多用于肯定句。 I have already finished my work. 2. yet（还）：多用于否定句或疑问句末尾。 I haven't finished my work yet. Have you finished your work yet? 3. ever（曾经）：多用于疑问句。 Have you ever been to Beijing? 4. never（从不）：表示否定。 I have never seen him before. 5. just（刚刚）：表示动作刚发生。 He has just left. 6. for / since（持续……）：表示一段时间。 ( 考点四 用法 ) 用法 1：表示“过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果” 例句： I have lost my key. (我把钥匙弄丢了。) 潜台词（现在的结果）：我现在进不去门了/我现在没有钥匙。 She has eaten lunch. (她已经吃过午饭了。) 潜台词（现在的结果）：她现在不饿。 潜台词（现在的结果）：我们知道结局了/不想再看了。 用法 2：表示“动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在” 通常与表示一段时间的状语连用。 标志词：for + 时间段（如 for 3 years），since + 时间点/从句（如 since 2010, since I was young）。 例句：I have lived in Shanghai for 10 years. (我在上海住了10年了。) He has collected stamps since 2015. (他从2015年开始集邮。) ( 考点 五 时态辨析 ) 现在完成时 一般过去时 关注点 关注现在的结果或状态 关注过去发生的动作本身 时间状语 already, yet, ever, never, for, since, just yesterday, last week, in 2010, two days ago 例句对比 I have closed the door. (门现在是关着的。) I closed the door yesterday. (我昨天关了门，至于现在开没开不知道。) 如果句子里有具体的“过去时间点”（如 yesterday），绝对不能用现在完成时，必须用一般过去时。 重点02 非延续性动词 知识精讲 非延续性动词（也叫瞬间动词）表示的动作发生得非常快，一瞬间就结束了，无法持续。 ❌ 错误：He has died for 3 years. 逻辑分析：“die”是一瞬间的动作。这句话的字面意思是“他死这个动作持续了3年”，这意味着他这3年一直在不停地死（这显然是不可能的，死一次就结束了）。 ✅ 正确：He has been dead for 3 years. 逻辑分析：“be dead”是一种状态。这句话的意思是“他处于死亡的状态已经3年了”，这是通顺的。 句型转换（用 "It is + 时间段 + since..."） ❌ He has died for 3 years. ✅ It is 3 years since he died. (自从他去世已经3年了。) ( 考点一 常见的非延续性动词 ) 非延续性动词 (瞬间) 延续性动词/ 短语 (状态) 例句对比 buy have I bought this bike yesterday. I have had this bike for 2 years. borrow keep Can I borrow your pen? I have kept the book for a week. die be dead His grandpa died last year. His grandpa has been dead for a year. join be in / be a member of He joined the club last month. He has been in the club for a month. leave be away (from) He left Shanghai yesterday. He has been away from Shanghai for a day. begin / start be on The film began 10 minutes ago. The film has been on for 10 minutes. finish / end be over The class finished 5 minutes ago. The class has been over for 5 minutes. come/ go be in / at He came to China in 2010. He has been in China since 2010. 真题感知 1．（2023·上海·中考真题）—Kitty, will you go to the flower show with me tomorrow? —Thank you for asking, but I ________ there already. A．had been B．was C．have been D．will be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——基蒂，明天你愿意和我一起去看花展吗？——谢谢你的邀请，但我已经去过那里了。 考查现在完成时。根据“already”可知，时态是现在完成时have/has done，表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。故选C。 2．（2022·上海·中考真题）The new restaurant _______ two surveys on its food and service since June. A．is doing B．will do C．did D．has done 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自6月份以来，这家新餐厅就其食物和服务进行了两次调查。 考查动词时态。根据“since June”可知句子是现在完成时，故选D。 3．（2021·上海·中考真题）The amusement park has received many visitors, ________? A．has it B．hasn’t it C．does it D．doesn’t it 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这家游乐园接待了很多游客，不是吗？ 考查反意疑问句。根据has received可知，前半句是现在完成时，是肯定句，后半句用否定形式，助动词用hasn’t ，故选B。 4．（2020·上海·中考真题）The ancient town has been open to visitors________about ten years． A．by B．for C．on D．though 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个古镇已经对游客开放了大约十年。 考查介词的用法。by被；for为了；on在上面；though虽然。根据has been可知是现在完成时，for接时间段，10年是个时间段。故选B。 5．（2025·江苏镇江·中考真题）Our English teacher isn’t in the office now. She ________ the library. A．goes to B．has gone to C．will go to D．was going to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师现在不在办公室。她去图书馆了。 考查动词时态。根据“Our English teacher isn’t in the office now”可知，“去图书馆”的动作发生在过去，且对现在造成了“不在办公室”的影响，需用现在完成时；“has gone to” 符合“去了未回”的语境。故选B。 6．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）The therapy centre is on High Street and it ________ service for over 10 years. A．has started B．has been in C．has stopped D．has been out of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：治疗中心位于高街，已经服务了10多年。 考查动词和动词短语。has started开始，start是短暂性动词，不能与持续时间连用；has been in一直在……中，强调状态从过去持续到现在；has stopped停止，stop是短暂性动词，不能与持续时间连用；has been out of一直在……之外，强调状态从过去持续到现在。根据“for over 10 years”可知，此处不能使用短暂性动词start和stop，排除A、C；结合“The therapy centre is on High Street and it ... service for over 10 years.”可知，治疗中心一直提供服务超过10年，应该用has been in。故选B。 7．（2025·北京·中考真题）Many international students ________ to visit our school since last year. A．are coming B．have come C．came D．will come 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自去年以来，许多国际学生来参观我们学校。 考查动词时态。根据“since last year”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选B。 8．（2024·江苏南京·中考真题）Most people agree that smart technology ________ a big part of society so far. A．become B．became C．has become D．is becoming 【答案】C 【详解】句意：大多数人都认为到目前为止，智能技术已经成为社会的重要组成部分。 考查时态。根据“so far”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done。故选C。 9．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）—Mum, I ________ the living room already. —Good job! It is so tidy now. A．have cleaned B．will clean C．am cleaning D．clean 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我已经打扫了客厅。——干得好！现在很整洁。 考查时态。根据“already”以及“It is so tidy now.”可知此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时have/has done。故选A。 10．（2024·北京·中考真题）With the help of my teacher, I ________ much progress in English since last year. A．am making B．will make C．was making D．have made 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在老师的帮助下，我自去年以来在英语方面取得了很大的进步。 考查现在完成时。根据时间状语“since last year”可知，此处应用现在完成时。故选D。 11．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）The Shenzhou-18 astronauts (work) in Tiangong space station since late April. 【答案】have worked 【详解】句意：神舟18号的宇航员自4月下旬以来一直在天宫空间站工作。根据“since late April”可知，此处应使用现在完成时，主语是复数，助动词用have，故填have worked。 12．（2025·江苏苏州·中考真题）I have never (后悔) choosing to be kind, even when it was not easy. 【答案】regretted 【详解】句意：即使在不那么容易的时候，我也从不后悔选择善良。regret“后悔”，根据“have never”可知句子应用现在完成时，助动词have后接regret的过去分词regretted。故填regretted。 13．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）—Lucy, where is Mr. Wang? —Hе ________ Beijing to attend a meeting. A．has gone to B．has been to C．has been in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——露西，王先生在哪里？——他去北京参加会议了。 考查现在完成时。has gone to去了某地，还没回来；has been to去了某地，已经回来；has been in待在某地。分析句子可知，对话发生时王先生不在，可知他去北京还未回来，应用has gone to。故选A。 14．（2025·江苏扬州·中考真题）Recently, more and more people have to visit Yangzhou during holidays. (choose) 【答案】chosen 【详解】句意：最近，越来越多的人选择在假期游览扬州。choose“选择”。根据“Recently, more and more people have”可知，空格处需填入动词的过去分词形式，与have构成现在完成时（have + 过去分词）。choose的过去分词形式为chosen。故填chosen。 15．（2025·山东威海·中考真题）自那以后，人们学会了用火做饭、取暖、保护自己。 【答案】Since then/From then on, people have learned how to cook, keep warm and protect themselves with fire. 【详解】since then/from then on“自那以后”；people“人们”，作主语；learn“学会”，句子是现在完成时，谓语用have learned；how to cook, keep warm and protect themselves with fire“用火做饭、取暖、保护自己”，为疑问词+不定式作宾语，其中cook, keep warm and protect themselves为并列结构，with fire作状语。故填Since then/From then on, people have learned how to cook, keep warm and protect themselves with fire. 综合提升练 一、单项选择 1．Jenny is on a study exchange program in Tokyo. She ________ for a week. A．has gone B．has come C．has been away D．has left 【答案】C 【详解】句意：珍妮在东京参加一个交换学习项目。她已经离开一周了。 考查现在完成时。has gone去了某地（还未回来）；has come已经来了（短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用）；has been away已经离开（延续性动词，可与一段时间连用）；has left已经离开（短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用）。根据“for a week”可知，此处需要使用延续性动词，表示珍妮离开的状态持续了一周，所以应该用has been away。故选C。 2．I ________ all the tasks. There is no need for you to work on them anymore. A．will finish B．finished C．have finished D．had finished 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我已经完成了所有的任务。你不需要再继续做这些任务了。 考查现在完成时。 根据“There is no need for you to work on them anymore.”可知，此处表达的是任务已经完成，不需要再继续做了，所以应该用现在完成时来表示动作已经完成且对现在有影响。故选C。 3．He ________ solar energy to power his home since five years ago. A．has used B．had used C．will use D．used 【答案】A 【详解】句意：从五年前开始，他就用太阳能给家里供电。 考查现在完成时。根据“since five years ago”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has done”。故选A。 4．With a ________ look, she said, “This is the first time I ________ flowers on my birthday.” A．surprised; have received B．surprised; received C．surprising; received D．surprising; have received 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她带着惊讶的表情说：“这是我第一次在生日时收到花。” 考查形容词辨析和时态。surprised惊讶的，通常修饰人；surprising令人惊讶的，通常修饰物。第一空修饰名词“look”，此处指她惊讶的表情，强调人的主观感受，所以用surprised；第二空，根据句型“This is the first time+从句”表示“这是第一次……”，从句中通常使用现在完成时，所以此处用have received。故选A。 5．I ________ my essay when you called me yesterday. However, I ________ it yet and I will work on it for a few hours more. A．wrote; haven’t finished B．was writing; haven’t finished C．wrote; haven’t been finishing D．was writing; have finished 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你昨天给我打电话的时候，我正在写论文。然而，我还没有写完，我会再花几个小时继续写。 考查时态辨析。wrote一般过去时；was writing过去进行时；haven’t finished现在完成时的否定；have finished现在完成时的肯定；haven’t been finishing现在完成进行时的否定。第一空，“when you called me yesterday”是过去的时间点，强调在这个时间点正在进行的动作，要用过去进行时，排除选项A和C；第二空，根据“yet”以及“I will work on it for a few hours more”可知，第二空用现在完成时的否定形式“ haven’t/hasn’t+过去分词”，表示 “还未完成论文”，故选B。 6．Our school life ________ a lot since 2019. We have more activities now. A．changes B．changed C．will change D．has changed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自从2019年以来，我们的学校生活改变了很多。我们现在有更多的活动了。 考查动词的时态。“since 2019”是现在完成时的标志词，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语“Our school life”是第三人称单数，所以用“has changed”。故选D。 7．Dan ________ many skills since he joined the Basketball Club. A．learns B．learned C．has learned D．is learning 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从Dan加入篮球俱乐部以来，他已经学会了许多技能。 考查现在完成时。learns是learn的第三人称单数形式，用于一般现在时态中；learned是learn的过去式，用于一般现在时态中；has learned现在完成时；is learning现在进行时。根据“since he joined the Basketball Club.”可知，主句时态应为现在完成时，结构为：have/has done，因主语Dan是第三人称单数，故助动词应用has，learn应用过去分词learned。故选C。 8．He ________ a dentist for ten years in the hospital since he graduated. A．was B．is C．has been D．will be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他自从毕业后，已经在医院当了十年牙医。 考查时态。根据“since he graduated”可知，句子应用现在完成时，结构是“have/has+过去分词”，故选C。 9．The Gumokou museum ________ last week, and thousands of students ________ it already. A．opened; visited B．has opened; have visited C．opened; have visited D．has opened; visited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：古莫库博物馆上周刚刚开放，已经有成千上万的学生前来参观了。 考查动词时态。根据last week可知，前半句用一般过去时。根据already可知，后半句用现在完成时have done的结构，故选C。 10．I’m sorry. I ________ your iPad and it doesn’t work now. A．drop B．dropped C．have dropped D．will drop 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我很抱歉。我把你的iPad弄掉了，现在不能用了。 考查现在完成时。根据“…it doesn’t work now.”可知，此处强调“掉落”动作在过去发生，对现在有影响，因此需用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has done”。故选C。 11．They ________ friends since they met in Shanghai. A．have made B．have become C．have been D．have had 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从他们在上海相遇后，他们就一直是朋友。 考查现在完成时。根据“They...friends since they met in Shanghai.”可知，此处为现在完成时，make和become是短暂性动词，不能与since连用，此处要用延续性动词，所以排除选项A和B；have had表示“拥有”；be friends表示成为朋友的这种状态，符合题意。故选C。 12．You won’t know if the coat fits you until you ________ it on. A．will try B．are trying C．tried D．have tried 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你只有试穿了这件外套，才知道它是否合身。 考查动词的时态。will try一般将来时；are trying现在进行时；tried过去式；have tried现在完成时。根据“You won’t know if the coat fits you until you...it on.”可知，空处需用现在完成时，表示动作完成对未来的影响，强调“试穿”动作完成后才能知道结果。故选D。 13．The number of blue whales ________ sharply in the past 10 years. A．is dropping B．dropped C．drops D．has dropped 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在过去的10年里，蓝鲸的数量急剧下降。 考查现在完成时。根据时间状语“in the past 10 years”可知是现在完成时have/has done，表示从过去持续到现在的动作。故选D。 14．The restaurant ________ many complaints (投诉) since last month because of the terrible service. A．receives B．is receiving C．has received D．will receive 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从上个月以来，这家餐厅因为糟糕的服务已经收到了很多投诉。    考查时态辨析。receives收到，一般现在时第三人称单数；is receiving现在进行时；has received现在完成时；will receive一般将来时。句中时间状语“since last month”是现在完成时的标志词，表示动作从过去某一时间开始持续到现在，且对现在产生影响。现在完成时的结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语“The restaurant”是单数，故用“has received”。故选C。 15．Helen loves to talk about travel. She ________ many places. A．has gone to B．has been to C．has gone for D．has been from 【答案】B 【详解】句意：海伦喜欢谈论旅游。她去过许多的地方。 考查现在完成时。has gone to去了某地(还没回来)；has been to去过某地(已经回来)；has gone for搭配错误；has been from搭配错误。根据“Helen loves to talk about travel.”可知，海伦去过很多地方。故选B。 二、单词拼写 16．Lucy in Germany since her parents got their jobs there. (study) 【答案】has studied 【详解】句意：自从露西的父母在德国找到工作后，她就一直在那里学习。根据“Lucy...in Germany since her parents got their jobs there.”可知，此处是“现在完成时+since+一般过去时”，强调动作已经完成，主语是“Lucy”，助动词用has。故填has studied。 17．In the past three years, the workers several new schools near my neighborhood. (build) 【答案】have built 【详解】句意：在过去的三年里，工人们在我居住的附近地区新建了几所学校。根据“In the past three years”可知，句子时态应用现在完成时，其结构为：have/has+动词的过去分词。主语“the workers”为复数，助动词应用have，动词build的过去分词为built。故填have built。 18．Great changes (take) place around the world in the past 20 years. 【答案】have taken 【详解】句意：在过去的20年里，世界各地发生了巨大的变化。根据“in the past 20 years”可知，此处强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，主语为“Great changes”，应用have taken。故填have taken。 19．The temperature has greatly. (drop) 【答案】dropped 【详解】句意：气温大幅下降了。drop“(使)掉落，降低，减少”，动词，结合语境及助动词has可知，该句为现在完成时，其结构为“have/has done”，故此处应用其对应的过去分词形式。故填dropped。 20．Great changes place in China in the past ten years. (take) 【答案】have taken 【详解】句意：在过去的十年里，中国发生了巨大的变化。根据“in the past ten years.”可知句子用现在完成时，主语是名词复数，助动词用have。故填have taken。 21．He has for his carelessness several times. (apology) 【答案】apologized 【详解】句意：他已经为自己的粗心大意道歉好几次了。根据句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语动词。“apology”是名词，其动词形式是“apologize”。根据“has”以及“several times”可知，这里使用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”，故填apologized。 22．By the time we found the missing cat, it had (lie) quietly in the corner, taking a nap, for the whole afternoon. 【答案】lain 【详解】句意：当我们找到那只失踪的猫时，它已经在角落里静静地躺了一下午，正在打盹。根据“it had”可知，此处为过去完成时，其结构为had+过去分词，空处需填lie译为“躺”的过去分词形式lain。故填lain。 23．Many students (choose) to buy the shoes since they were made. 【答案】have chosen 【详解】句意：自这些鞋子生产以来，许多学生已经选择购买它们。根据“since they were made”可知，这是从过去某一时间点延续到现在的时段，应用现在完成时have/has done结构。主语“Many students”是复数概念，此处应用have；choose的过去分词为chosen。故填have chosen。 24．I’ve d my favorite songs and will listen to them on the way. 【答案】(d)ownloaded 【详解】句意：我已经下载了我最喜欢的歌曲，并且会在路途中听这些歌。 根据首字母“d”以及句子“I’ve ... my favorite songs and will listen to them on the way.”的语境，可推测这里是说已经“下载”了最喜欢的歌曲，“下载”的英文是“download”。又因为句子中使用了“have”，这里是现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）的结构，“download”的过去分词是“downloaded”。故填(d)ownloaded。 25．So far, the police (conduct) an investigation (调查) into his death. 【答案】have conducted 【详解】句意：到目前为止，警方已经对他的死因进行了调查。根据“So far”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其结构为have/has done；主语“the police”是集合名词，为第三人称复数，助动词应用have，动词conduct的过去分词为conducted。故填have conducted。 26．Our school campus is the most beautiful one I (ever see). 【答案】have ever seen 【详解】句意：我们的校园是我曾见过最美丽的校园。根据“Our school campus is the most beautiful one ”可知此处指范围，表示自己曾见过的最漂亮的，用现在完成时（have/has done）。句中的“ever”表示“曾经”，用于加强语气，并用在现在完成时中，主语是I，助动词用have。故填have ever seen。 27．Although the young man (realize) his mistake, it’s still too late. 【答案】has realized 【详解】句意：虽然这个年轻人已经意识到了他的错误，但仍太晚了。本句为Although引导的让步状语从句，根据“Although the young man... (realize) his mistake, it’s still too late.”可知，动作已经发生，对现在造成了影响，故空处时态为现在完成时，其结构为has/have+done，从句主语为the young man，助动词用has。故填has realized。 28．An hour ( pass) since the train ( leave). 【答案】 has passed left 【详解】句意：火车离开已经一个小时了。第一空，根据“since the train …”可知，主句的时态应用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done；主语“An hour”为第三人称单数，助动词应用has，动词pass的过去分词为passed；第二空从句中“火车离开”是过去发生的动作，句子时态应用一般过去时，谓语动词“leave”应用其过去式left。故填has passed；left。 29．The famous writer (publish) another novel in the past two years. 【答案】has published 【详解】句意：这位著名作家在过去两年里又出版了一部小说。publish“发表”，根据“in the past two years.”可知句子用现在完成时，主语是The famous writer，助动词用has。故填has published。 30．My uncle (teach) maths in a middle school since ten years ago. He is very popular among students. 【答案】has taught 【详解】句意：自从10年前，我的叔叔已经在一所中学教数学。他在学生当中非常受欢迎。根据“since ten years ago”可知，空处时态需用现在完成时，其结构为has/have+done，主语为My uncle，助动词用has，teach“教”的过去分词为taught。故填has taught。 三、完成句子 31．His uncle died three years ago. (同义句转换) His uncle for three years. 【答案】 has been dead 【详解】句意：他的叔叔三年前去世了。die“死亡”，是短暂性动词。根据“for three years”可知此句是现在完成时，谓语动词和一段时间连用时，需要是延续性动词。die对应的延续性动词为be dead，此处be应用过去分词形式。助动词用has。故填has；been；dead。 32．He has already finished reading the book. (改为否定句) He finished reading the book . 【答案】 hasn’t yet 【详解】句意：他已经读完了这本书。改为否定句，原句是现在完成时（has + 过去分词），变否定句时直接在助动词has后加not，缩写为hasn’t；将原句中的already替换为yet放句尾。故填hasn’t；yet。 33．Lu Yao has already made a radio programme about cool kids. (改为否定句) Lu Yao made a radio programme about cool kids . 【答案】 hasn’t yet 【详解】句意：路遥已经制作了一个关于酷孩子的广播节目。此句为现在完成时，变为否定句，has not缩写为hasn’t，already变为yet，置于句尾。故填hasn’t；yet。 34．Jack has already been to Beijing. (改为否定句) Jack been to Beijing . 【答案】 hasn’t yet 【详解】句意：杰克已经去过北京。原句时态是现在完成时，改为否定句时，需在助动词has后加not，has not可缩写为hasn’t；already常用于肯定句，在否定句中通常改为yet，并置于句末。故填hasn’t；yet。 35．Joyce has already found some broken cars destroyed by the storm. (改为一般疑问句) Joyce found any broken cars destroyed by the storm ? 【答案】 Has yet 【详解】句意：乔伊斯已经找到了一些被风暴摧毁的汽车。根据“has already found”可知，本句时态为现在完成时，改为一般疑问句时，需将助动词has提到句首，且首字母要大写。already用于肯定句，疑问句改为yet，且将其放在句末。故填Has；yet。 36．Music has helped him become more confident. (对划线部分提问) has music him ? 【答案】 What helped do 【详解】句意：音乐已经帮助他变得更自信。对句中划线部分“become more confident”提问，就是要问“音乐帮助他做了什么？”。在英语中，对“做什么”进行提问，使用特殊疑问词“what”。原句是现在完成时态，其结构是“have/has+过去分词”，在变为特殊疑问句时，要把“has”提到主语“music”前面，后面的动词用过去分词“helped”，“帮助某人做某事”用“help sb. do sth.”的结构，所以最后一个空填“do”。故填What；helped；do。 37．Emily’s never seen her grandparents since she was born.（改为反意疑问句） Emily’s never seen her grandparents since she was born, ? 【答案】 has she 【详解】句意：艾米丽自从出生以来就没见过她的祖父母。原句是现在完成时的否定句，因此反意疑问句的疑问部分需用肯定形式，主句的主语是Emily，对应的代词应是she，主句的助动词是has，改成疑问句应用has。故填has；she。 38．Mr. Wang has already visited the Louvre Museum. (改为否定句) Mr. Wang visited the Louvre Museum . 【答案】 hasn’t yet 【详解】句意：王先生已经参观了卢浮宫博物馆。already“已经”，用于肯定句，not...yet表示“还没”。原句是现在完成时，其否定句直接在has后加not。故填hasn’t；yet。 39．My parents have already received my letter.（改为一般疑问句） your parents received your letter ? 【答案】 Have yet 【详解】句意：我父母已经收到我的信了。根据题干，可知时态为现在完成时句式且为肯定句，使用already；改为一般疑问句时，原句为现在完成时，改变句仍为现在完成时，your parents为主语，助动词使用have，一般疑问句助动词位于主语之前；already要改为yet，且用于句末。故填Have；yet。 40．change, can, smart kitchens, that, have, life, thought, ever, you, our ? 【答案】Have you ever thought that smart kitchens can change our life 【详解】根据标点符号“?”、“that”和所给词汇中没有特殊疑问词可知该句为含有从句的一般疑问句。分析所给单词，you作主句的主语，have ever thought作主句的谓语，that引导宾语从句，smart kitchen作从句的主语，can change作从句的谓语，our life作从句的宾语。故答案为：Have you ever thought that smart kitchens can change our life“你曾经有没有想过智能厨房会改变我们的生活”。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05现在完成时 知识精讲 现在完成时表示： 1. 过去发生的动作，对现在造成了影响或结果。 2. 过去开始的动作，一直持续到现在。 由 “助动词 have/has + 动词的过去分词 (V-ed)” 构成 ( 考点一 构成形式 ) 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 I have finished my homework. (我已经做完作业了。) 否定句 主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 He hasn't come yet. (他还没来。) 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词? Have you read this book? (你读过这本书吗？) 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词? How long have you lived here? (你在这里住了多久了？) 主语是第三人称单数（he, she, it, Tom等）时，用 has。 其他人称（I, you, we, they等）时，用 have。 ( 考点二 变化规则 ) 规则变化 一般加 -ed work _________ 以不发音的 e 结尾加 -d live _________ 辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 -ed study _________ 重读闭音节，双写末尾字母加 -ed stop _________ 不规则变化 特殊记忆 go _________ come _________ see _________ eat _________ buy _________ do _________ have _________ ( 考点 三 时间标志词 ) 1. already（已经）：多用于肯定句。 I have already finished my work. 2. yet（还）：多用于否定句或疑问句末尾。 I haven't finished my work yet. Have you finished your work yet? 3. ever（曾经）：多用于疑问句。 Have you ever been to Beijing? 4. never（从不）：表示否定。 I have never seen him before. 5. just（刚刚）：表示动作刚发生。 He has just left. 6. for / since（持续……）：表示一段时间。 ( 考点四 用法 ) 用法 1：表示“过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果” 例句： I have lost my key. (我把钥匙弄丢了。) 潜台词（现在的结果）：我现在进不去门了/我现在没有钥匙。 She has eaten lunch. (她已经吃过午饭了。) 潜台词（现在的结果）：她现在不饿。 潜台词（现在的结果）：我们知道结局了/不想再看了。 用法 2：表示“动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在” 通常与表示一段时间的状语连用。 标志词：for + 时间段（如 for 3 years），since + 时间点/从句（如 since 2010, since I was young）。 例句：I have lived in Shanghai for 10 years. (我在上海住了10年了。) He has collected stamps since 2015. (他从2015年开始集邮。) ( 考点 五 时态辨析 ) 现在完成时 一般过去时 关注点 关注现在的结果或状态 关注过去发生的动作本身 时间状语 already, yet, ever, never, for, since, just yesterday, last week, in 2010, two days ago 例句对比 I have closed the door. (门现在是关着的。) I closed the door yesterday. (我昨天关了门，至于现在开没开不知道。) 如果句子里有具体的“过去时间点”（如 yesterday），绝对不能用现在完成时，必须用一般过去时。 重点02 非延续性动词 知识精讲 非延续性动词（也叫瞬间动词）表示的动作发生得非常快，一瞬间就结束了，无法持续。 ❌ 错误：He has died for 3 years. 逻辑分析：“die”是一瞬间的动作。这句话的字面意思是“他死这个动作持续了3年”，这意味着他这3年一直在不停地死（这显然是不可能的，死一次就结束了）。 ✅ 正确：He has been dead for 3 years. 逻辑分析：“be dead”是一种状态。这句话的意思是“他处于死亡的状态已经3年了”，这是通顺的。 句型转换（用 "It is + 时间段 + since..."） ❌ He has died for 3 years. ✅ It is 3 years since he died. (自从他去世已经3年了。) ( 考点一 常见的非延续性动词 ) 非延续性动词 (瞬间) 延续性动词/ 短语 (状态) 例句对比 buy _________ I bought this bike yesterday. I have had this bike for 2 years. borrow _________ Can I borrow your pen? I have kept the book for a week. die _________ His grandpa died last year. His grandpa has been dead for a year. join _________ / _________ He joined the club last month. He has been in the club for a month. leave _________ He left Shanghai yesterday. He has been away from Shanghai for a day. begin / start _________ The film began 10 minutes ago. The film has been on for 10 minutes. finish / end _________ The class finished 5 minutes ago. The class has been over for 5 minutes. come/ go _________ / _________ He came to China in 2010. He has been in China since 2010. 真题感知 1．（2023·上海·中考真题）—Kitty, will you go to the flower show with me tomorrow? —Thank you for asking, but I ________ there already. A．had been B．was C．have been D．will be 2．（2022·上海·中考真题）The new restaurant _______ two surveys on its food and service since June. A．is doing B．will do C．did D．has done 3．（2021·上海·中考真题）The amusement park has received many visitors, ________? A．has it B．hasn’t it C．does it D．doesn’t it 4．（2020·上海·中考真题）The ancient town has been open to visitors________about ten years． A．by B．for C．on D．though 5．（2025·江苏镇江·中考真题）Our English teacher isn’t in the office now. She ________ the library. A．goes to B．has gone to C．will go to D．was going to 6．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）The therapy centre is on High Street and it ________ service for over 10 years. A．has started B．has been in C．has stopped D．has been out of 7．（2025·北京·中考真题）Many international students ________ to visit our school since last year. A．are coming B．have come C．came D．will come 8．（2024·江苏南京·中考真题）Most people agree that smart technology ________ a big part of society so far. A．become B．became C．has become D．is becoming 9．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）—Mum, I ________ the living room already. —Good job! It is so tidy now. A．have cleaned B．will clean C．am cleaning D．clean 10．（2024·北京·中考真题）With the help of my teacher, I ________ much progress in English since last year. A．am making B．will make C．was making D．have made 11．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）The Shenzhou-18 astronauts (work) in Tiangong space station since late April. 12．（2025·江苏苏州·中考真题）I have never (后悔) choosing to be kind, even when it was not easy. 13．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）—Lucy, where is Mr. Wang? —Hе ________ Beijing to attend a meeting. A．has gone to B．has been to C．has been in 14．（2025·江苏扬州·中考真题）Recently, more and more people have to visit Yangzhou during holidays. (choose) 15．（2025·山东威海·中考真题）自那以后，人们学会了用火做饭、取暖、保护自己。 综合提升练 一、单项选择 1．Jenny is on a study exchange program in Tokyo. She ________ for a week. A．has gone B．has come C．has been away D．has left 2．I ________ all the tasks. There is no need for you to work on them anymore. A．will finish B．finished C．have finished D．had finished 3．He ________ solar energy to power his home since five years ago. A．has used B．had used C．will use D．used 4．With a ________ look, she said, “This is the first time I ________ flowers on my birthday.” A．surprised; have received B．surprised; received C．surprising; received D．surprising; have received 5．I ________ my essay when you called me yesterday. However, I ________ it yet and I will work on it for a few hours more. A．wrote; haven’t finished B．was writing; haven’t finished C．wrote; haven’t been finishing D．was writing; have finished 6．Our school life ________ a lot since 2019. We have more activities now. A．changes B．changed C．will change D．has changed 7．Dan ________ many skills since he joined the Basketball Club. A．learns B．learned C．has learned D．is learning 8．He ________ a dentist for ten years in the hospital since he graduated. A．was B．is C．has been D．will be 9．The Gumokou museum ________ last week, and thousands of students ________ it already. A．opened; visited B．has opened; have visited C．opened; have visited D．has opened; visited 10．I’m sorry. I ________ your iPad and it doesn’t work now. A．drop B．dropped C．have dropped D．will drop 11．They ________ friends since they met in Shanghai. A．have made B．have become C．have been D．have had 12．You won’t know if the coat fits you until you ________ it on. A．will try B．are trying C．tried D．have tried 13．The number of blue whales ________ sharply in the past 10 years. A．is dropping B．dropped C．drops D．has dropped 14．The restaurant ________ many complaints (投诉) since last month because of the terrible service. A．receives B．is receiving C．has received D．will receive 15．Helen loves to talk about travel. She ________ many places. A．has gone to B．has been to C．has gone for D．has been from 二、单词拼写 16．Lucy in Germany since her parents got their jobs there. (study) 17．In the past three years, the workers several new schools near my neighborhood. (build) 18．Great changes (take) place around the world in the past 20 years. 19．The temperature has greatly. (drop) 20．Great changes place in China in the past ten years. (take) 21．He has for his carelessness several times. (apology) 22．By the time we found the missing cat, it had (lie) quietly in the corner, taking a nap, for the whole afternoon. 23．Many students (choose) to buy the shoes since they were made. 24．I’ve d my favorite songs and will listen to them on the way. 25．So far, the police (conduct) an investigation (调查) into his death. 26．Our school campus is the most beautiful one I (ever see). 27．Although the young man (realize) his mistake, it’s still too late. 28．An hour ( pass) since the train ( leave). 29．The famous writer (publish) another novel in the past two years. 30．My uncle (teach) maths in a middle school since ten years ago. He is very popular among students. 三、完成句子 31．His uncle died three years ago. (同义句转换) His uncle for three years. 32．He has already finished reading the book. (改为否定句) He finished reading the book . 33．Lu Yao has already made a radio programme about cool kids. (改为否定句) Lu Yao made a radio programme about cool kids . 34．Jack has already been to Beijing. (改为否定句) Jack been to Beijing . 35．Joyce has already found some broken cars destroyed by the storm. (改为一般疑问句) Joyce found any broken cars destroyed by the storm ? 36．Music has helped him become more confident. (对划线部分提问) has music him ? 37．Emily’s never seen her grandparents since she was born.（改为反意疑问句） Emily’s never seen her grandparents since she was born, ? 38．Mr. Wang has already visited the Louvre Museum. (改为否定句) Mr. Wang visited the Louvre Museum . 39．My parents have already received my letter.（改为一般疑问句） your parents received your letter ? 40．change, can, smart kitchens, that, have, life, thought, ever, you, our ? 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $