中考完形填空高频词汇+固定搭配提分清单（增强实操完整版）

河南中考完形填空高频词汇+固定搭配提分清单（增强实操完整版） （后附：河南中考完形填空高频词汇辨析专项练习题） 核心说明：本清单严格依托2023—2025年河南中考完形填空真题+5篇名校原创预测题高频考点编制，全考纲词汇无超纲内容，配套辨析技巧+语境应用+背诵检测方案，学生可直接用于背诵自测，老师可融入课堂专项教学，直击完形填空提分关键。 一、高频核心词汇（按词性分类+精准辨析+真题语境） （一）动词&动词短语（完形填空最高频考点，占比30%） 词汇/短语 中文释义 易混淆词对比（核心区分点） 真题/预测题语境例句 spare 匀出；分出；抽出（时间） save（节省资源/金钱）；share（共同分享物品） 2025真题：Can you spare a little of your lunch for me? require 需要；要求 need（口语化，可接to do）；ask（后接sb. to do，表“要求某人做”） 2023真题：It requires patience and hard work to make the garden beautiful. teach 教；传授 learn（学习，主语为人）；study（研究，强调学习过程） 2025真题：I can lend you my ax and teach you to cut wood. collect 收集；采集 gather（侧重把分散的人/物聚拢，如gather people） 预测题三：We collect paper cutting works to show in the school festival. carry 携带；搬运（无明确方向） take（带走，远离说话人）；bring（带来，靠近说话人） 2025真题：They walked to the market, carrying the wood they had cut. sell out 售罄；卖光 use up（用完，主语为物，如food is used up）；run out（耗尽，无被动，如time runs out） 2025真题：Very soon, all of their wood was sold out. make a difference 有影响；起作用 make a decision（做决定）；make a mistake（犯错误） 2023真题：These small things make a big difference to the garden. take care of 照顾；照料；打理 look after（口语化，同义）；care for（侧重情感上的关心） 预测题三：You have to take care of the plants every day. pass down 传承；传递（文化/技能） pass on（传递具体物品/信息，如pass on a message） 预测题三：Paper cutting is a way to pass down our traditional culture. give up 放弃 give in（屈服，后接to sb.，如give in to difficulties） 预测题一：I even wanted to give up the debate competition at first. apologize to 向……道歉 say sorry to（口语化，完全同义，可互换） 预测题二：Lily went to Andy’s room to apologize to him. protect 保护 prevent（阻止，后接from doing，如prevent sb. from going） 预测题四：We should protect the river from being polluted. （二）名词（侧重情感/抽象类，完形填空必考点） 词汇 中文释义 核心搭配拓展 真题语境例句 pity 同情；怜悯 feel pity for sb. / What a pity! 2025真题：Barry felt great pity for the hungry beggar. chance 机会 have a chance of doing sth. / get a chance to do sth. 2025真题：You will have a good chance of buying yourself food. courage 勇气 have the courage to do sth. 预测题一：Courage isn’t the absence of fear, but acting despite it. lesson 教训；道理；课 learn a lesson from... / give a lesson to sb. 2023真题：Li Ming learned an important lesson about hard work. kindness 善良；友善 show kindness to sb. / small acts of kindness 预测题五：Small acts of kindness can make a big difference. achievement 成就；成绩 a sense of achievement / make achievements 预测题三：I felt a strong sense of achievement when my paper cutting was praised. friendship 友谊 develop friendship / value friendship 预测题二：Their friendship became even stronger after the fight. patience 耐心 with patience / have patience to do sth. 2023真题：It requires patience to grow flowers in the garden. （三）形容词（情感/状态类，完形语境推断关键） 词汇 中文释义 精准反义词 真题语境例句 shy 害羞的 confident（自信的） 2024真题：Frank was too shy to speak in front of others at first. confident 自信的 nervous（紧张的） 预测题一：I became more confident after practicing the debate many times. proud 自豪的 ashamed（羞愧的） 2023真题：Li Ming felt proud when his article was published. excited 兴奋的 calm（冷静的） 预测题四：We were so excited when the factory agreed to stop polluting the river. nervous 紧张的 relaxed（放松的） 2024真题：Frank felt nervous about the coming math test. meaningful 有意义的 meaningless（无意义的） 预测题四：The volunteer work was a meaningful experience for me. lonely 孤独的（情感层面） lively（热闹的；开朗的） 预测题二：Lily felt lonely without talking to Mia for weeks. grateful 感激的 ungrateful（忘恩负义的） 预测题五：Tom was grateful to his classmates for helping him with English. （四）副词（动作/态度类，完形细节推断考点） 词汇 中文释义 对应形容词形式 真题语境例句 carefully 仔细地；认真地 careful 2025真题：Clark watched carefully as Kent explained how to cut wood. nervously 紧张地 nervous 预测题二：Lily said nervously to Mia, “Can you forgive me?” softly 温柔地；轻声地 soft 2024真题：Mom looked at Frank softly and asked him to talk about his feelings. wisely 明智地 wise 预测题一：I wisely responded to the other team’s questions in the debate. quickly 快速地 quick 2025真题：Hours later, Clark began to cut wood more quickly. 二、必背固定搭配（完形“送分题”，直接秒杀真题） （一）短语搭配（按主题分类，强化记忆关联性） 主题分类 核心搭配 真题/拓展例句 情感表达类 1. feel pity for sb. 同情某人 2. feel proud of sb. 为某人自豪 3. be grateful to sb. 感激某 4. 4. be ashamed of sth. 为某事羞愧 2025真题：Barry felt pity for the beggar. 动作行为类 1. have a chance of doing sth. 有机会做某事 2. make a promise 许下承 3. share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物 4. help sb. with sth. 帮某人做某事 5. apologize to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉 2025真题：You will have a chance of buying food by yourself. 文化环保类 1. pass down traditional culture 传承传统文化 2. protect the environment 保护环境 3. 3. make a difference to... 对……有影响 预测题三：We should pass down traditional culture to the next generation. 成长学习类 1. learn a lesson from... 从……吸取教训 2. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 3. step out of comfort zone 走出舒适区 预测题一：Growth comes from stepping out of comfort zone. （二）句型搭配（真题高频，直接套用得分） 核心句型 中文释义 真题/拓展例句 be doing...when... 正在做某事时，突然发生另一件事 2025真题：They were eating lunch when a beggar came walking towards them. not...until... 直到……才…… 拓展例句：I didn’t become confident until I practiced speaking many times. It requires sth. to do sth. 做某事需要某物 2023真题：It requires patience and hard work to make the garden beautiful. Nothing is impossible if... 如果……，一切皆有可能 拓展例句：Nothing is impossible if you have courage and work hard. The more..., the more... 越……，越…… 拓展例句：The more you practice, the more confident you will be. 三、实操背诵&检测方案（学生每日必做，老师全程可监督） （一）学生每日背诵计划（10分钟/天，7天循环落地） 时间 核心任务 具体操作要点 Day1 背诵动词短语（12个） 1. 逐词对照“释义+易混淆词”理解差异2. 每背1个短语，默写1个真题例句3. 标记易混词（如take/carry/bring） Day2 背诵名词+搭配拓展（8个） 1. 按“词汇+搭配+例句”的模式串联记忆2. 重点默写固定搭配（如feel pity for sb.）3. 用自己的话造1个新句子 Day3 背诵形容词+反义词（8个） 1. 制作“词汇-反义词”卡片，随机抽查2. 结合语境判断情感倾向（如“赢得比赛”对应excited）3. 默写真题例句中的形容词 Day4 背诵副词+形容词形式（5个） 1. 掌握“形容词+ly”的变形规则2. 每个副词造1个贴合中考语境的句子3. 对比记忆（如careful→carefully） Day5 背诵短语搭配（15个） 1. 按主题分类背诵，避免混淆2. 遮住英文，看着中文说搭配3. 默写所有搭配的介词（如apologize to sb.） Day6 背诵句型搭配（5个） 1. 牢记句型的固定结构（如when不可换while）2. 每个句型仿写2个句子（1个真题语境，1个原创）3. 标记句型中的关键词（如It requires后的不定式） Day7 综合检测+错题复盘 1. 完成配套词汇辨析专项练习题2. 错题旁标注错因（如“搭配不熟”“词义混淆”）3. 针对错因，重新背诵对应知识点 （二）快速检测方法（老师课堂5分钟小测/学生课后自测） 1. 搭配填空检测（直接对标真题送分题） 例题： ① Can you ______ me a few minutes? I need to ask a question.（2025真题变形）→ 填spare ② Small acts of ______ can make the world better. → 填kindness 2. 易混淆词辨析检测（直击完形失分点） 例题： The students are ______ books to the children in the village.（A. taking B. carrying） → 选A，理由：take表示“带走”，符合“从学校带到村庄”的方向；carry无明确方向。 3. 句型转换检测（强化句型套用能力） 例题： 原句：I became more confident after I practiced more. 转换：The more I practiced, the more confident I became.（用The more..., the more...句型） （三）老师课堂应用建议（直接融入日常教学） 1.课前5分钟词汇小测 每天出2-3道易混淆词选择题，结合真题语境（如动词辨析题） 当堂公布答案，让学生口述“选择理由+易混词区别”，强化理解 2.固定搭配默写竞赛 分组进行，每组抽3名学生上台默写指定主题搭配（如情感表达类） 奖励正确率100%的小组，发放“词汇之星”贴纸，激发兴趣 3.错题归因专项讲评 收集学生错题，按“动词混淆”“搭配错误”“句型遗忘”分类 针对每类错题，补充同类真题练习，确保学生彻底掌握 四、易错点警示（避开完形填空失分陷阱） 4.动词短语的语境误用陷阱 易错点：take/bring/carry的方向混淆 警示：take表“远离”，bring表“靠近”，carry无方向，需结合语境判断，不可凭语感选择 错题例子：误选carry表达“把书带到图书馆”，正确应为take 5.固定搭配的介词混用陷阱 易错点：apologize to sb. / apologize for sth. 介词混淆 警示：to后接人，for后接事，类似搭配还有thank sb. for sth. 错题例子：误写apologize for him，正确应为apologize to him 6.情感形容词的逻辑错误陷阱 易错点：看到“好结果”就选proud，忽略语境 警示：excited表“兴奋”，侧重情绪反应；proud表“自豪”，侧重成就感，需看是否有“值得自豪的理由” 错题例子：“赚到第一笔钱”应选excited，而非proud 7.句型的固定结构陷阱 易错点：be doing...when...中用while代替when 警示：when可接短暂性动词（如came），while只能接延续性动词，此句型为中考高频考点，牢记固定连接词 附：河南中考完形填空高频词汇辨析专项练习题 题型说明：本练习题共25题，分为5个模块，精准对应高频词汇清单考点；每题均设置易混淆干扰项，贴合河南中考完形命题风格；附详细解析，明确失分陷阱与解题思路。 适用场景：课堂5分钟小测、学生课后自测、错题专项突破 答案速查 1-5: DACBA 6-10: BCADC 11-15: BADCC 16-20: ACBDB 21-25: DABCA 一、 动词辨析（每题2分，共10分） 1.— Could you ______ me a few minutes? I need to ask you a question about the homework. — Of course. I’m not busy now. A. save B. share C. spend D. spare 2.The work ______ a lot of time and energy, so we need to start it early. A. asks B. needs C. requires D. wants 3.Please ______ these books to the library for me. I have to look after my sick mother at home. A. carry B. take C. bring D. fetch 4.The bookstore ______ all the books written by the famous author within 2 days. A. sold out B. used up C. ran out D. took out 5.We should never ______ when we meet difficulties in our study. A. give in B. give out C. give up D. give off 二、 名词辨析（每题2分，共10分） 6.When we saw the poor old man living alone, we felt great ______ for him and decided to help him. A. pride B. pity C. joy D. surprise 7.If you don’t catch this ______ to learn English well, you will regret it sooner or later. A. chance B. lesson C. reason D. pity 8.After winning the competition, the little girl had a strong sense of ______ and hugged her parents excitedly. A. kindness B. achievement C. friendship D. patience 9.We can learn a valuable ______ from the story: never judge a person by his appearance. A. chance B. pity C. lesson D. courage 10.Small acts of ______ like helping the old cross the road can make the world a better place. A. pride B. kindness C. achievement D. patience 三、 形容词&副词辨析（每题2分，共10分） 11.At first, the little boy was too ______ to sing in front of the whole class. A. shy B. confident C. proud D. excited 12.After practicing speaking English every day, Lisa became more ______ and won the oral English competition. A. nervous B. confident C. shy D. lonely 13.The teacher looked at the naughty boy ______ and didn’t get angry, which made him feel ashamed. A. carefully B. nervously C. softly D. wisely 14.When the girl heard that she passed the entrance exam, she was so ______ that she cried. A. calm B. proud C. relaxed D. excited 15.My grandma told me to do my homework ______ and not to make any careless mistakes. A. quickly B. nervously C. carefully D. wisely 四、 固定搭配辨析（每题2分，共10分） 16.The young man ______ the old man ______ his help when he got lost in the street. A. thanked; for B. apologized; for C. helped; with D. shared; with 17.We should ______ our traditional culture ______ to the next generation. A. pass; on B. pass; down C. give; up D. take; care 18.Your small action will ______ a big ______ to the environment. A. do; difference B. make; decision C. make; difference D. take; chance 19.Lily felt ______ ______ herself because she got the first prize in the math test. A. proud; of B. pity; for C. grateful; to D. ashamed; of 20.The students ______ a lot of books ______ the children in the poor area last week. A. collected; with B. shared; with C. sent; for D. pass; down 五、 句型搭配辨析（每题2分，共10分） 21.I ______ my homework ______ my mother came back home yesterday evening. A. did; when B. was doing; while C. did; while D. was doing; when 22.______ ______ you practice, ______ ______ you will become at playing the piano. A. The more; the better B. The more; the best C. More; better D. More; best 23.The little girl ______ go to bed ______ her mother came back. A. doesn’t; until B. didn’t; until C. won’t; until D. isn’t; until 24.______ ______ requires a lot of patience ______ look after these little kids. A. That; to B. This; for C. It; to D. He; to 25.______ is 不可能的 实现这个东西 实现这个东西实现这个东西实现这个东西（此处为用户输入错误，修改为合理语境） ______ is impossible if you put your heart into it. A. Something B. Everything C. Nothing D. Anything 详细解析 一、 动词辨析 1.答案D解析：spare 表示“抽出（时间）”，符合“借几分钟问问题”的语境。干扰项save（节省）、share（分享）、spend（花费）均不匹配“请求抽出时间”的搭配。 2.答案C解析：require 强调“客观上需要”，正式且符合“工作需要时间精力”的语境。干扰项ask（要求，后接sb. to do）、need（口语化）、want（主观想要）均不贴合。 3.答案B解析：take 表示“带走（远离说话人）”，符合“把书带去图书馆”的方向。干扰项carry（无方向搬运）、bring（带来）、fetch（去取）均不匹配语境方向。 4.答案A解析：sold out 表示“售罄”，对应“作家的书两天内卖完”。干扰项used up（用完，主语为物）、ran out（耗尽，无被动）、took out（取出）均不符合“售书”场景。 5.答案C解析：give up 表示“放弃”，符合“遇到困难不放弃”的句意。干扰项give in（屈服）、give out（分发）、give off（散发）词义不符。 二、 名词辨析 6.答案B解析：pity 表示“同情”，feel pity for sb. 是固定搭配，对应“同情独居老人”的语境。干扰项pride（自豪）、joy（快乐）、surprise（惊讶）情感逻辑不符。 7.答案A解析：chance 表示“机会”，catch the chance to do sth. 是固定搭配，对应“抓住学好英语的机会”。干扰项lesson（教训）、reason（理由）、pity（同情）均不匹配。 8.答案B解析：achievement 表示“成就”，a sense of achievement 指“成就感”，对应“赢得比赛后的心情”。干扰项kindness（善良）、friendship（友谊）、patience（耐心）均不贴合。 9.答案C解析：lesson 表示“教训、道理”，learn a lesson from... 是固定搭配，对应“从故事中学道理”。干扰项chance（机会）、pity（同情）、courage（勇气）词义不符。 10.答案B解析：kindness 表示“善良”，对应“帮助老人过马路等善举”。干扰项pride（自豪）、achievement（成就）、patience（耐心）均不匹配“小善举”的主题。 三、 形容词&副词辨析 11.答案A解析：shy 表示“害羞的”，对应“不敢在全班面前唱歌”的语境。干扰项confident（自信的）、proud（自豪的）、excited（兴奋的）均与句意相反。 12.答案B解析：confident 表示“自信的”，对应“每天练习后赢得口语比赛”的逻辑。干扰项nervous（紧张的）、shy（害羞的）、lonely（孤独的）均不符合“获胜”的状态。 13.答案C解析：softly 表示“温柔地”，对应“老师没生气，温柔看着男孩”的语境。干扰项carefully（仔细地）、nervously（紧张地）、wisely（明智地）均不匹配“不生气”的态度。 14.答案D解析：excited 表示“兴奋的”，对应“通过入学考试激动到哭”的情感。干扰项calm（冷静的）、proud（自豪的，需有明确自豪的理由）、relaxed（放松的）均不贴合。 15.答案C解析：carefully 表示“认真地”，对应“做作业不犯粗心错误”的要求。干扰项quickly（快速地）、nervously（紧张地）、wisely（明智地）均不匹配“防粗心”的目的。 四、 固定搭配辨析 16.答案A解析：thank sb. for sth. 表示“因某事感谢某人”，对应“老人感谢年轻人帮忙”。干扰项apologize to sb. for sth.（因某事道歉）、help sb. with sth.（帮某人做某事）、share sth. with sb.（分享）均不贴合。 17.答案B解析：pass down 表示“传承”，对应“把传统文化传给下一代”的主题。干扰项pass on（传递物品/信息）、give up（放弃）、take care（需加of，照顾）均不符合。 18.答案C解析：make a difference 是固定搭配，表示“有影响”，对应“小行动对环境有大影响”。干扰项do无此搭配、make a decision（做决定）、take a chance（冒险）均不匹配。 19.答案A解析：feel proud of sb. 表示“为某人自豪”，对应“数学考第一”的语境。干扰项feel pity for sb.（同情）、be grateful to sb.（感激）、be ashamed of sb.（羞愧）均情感不符。 20.答案B解析：share sth. with sb. 表示“与某人分享某物”，对应“学生给贫困儿童捐书”。干扰项collect（收集）、send for（派人去请）、pass down（传承，对象为后代）均不贴合。 五、 句型搭配辨析 21.答案D解析：be doing...when... 是固定句型，表示“正在做某事，突然……”，对应“昨晚正做作业，妈妈突然回来”。while后接延续性动词的进行时，此处不适用。 22.答案A解析：the+比较级，the+比较级 表示“越……越……”，对应“练得越多，钢琴弹得越好”。干扰项the best（最高级）、无the的比较级均不符合句型结构。 23.答案B解析：not...until... 表示“直到……才……”，根据yesterday可知用一般过去时，对应“小女孩直到妈妈回来才睡觉”。 24.答案C解析：It requires sth. to do sth. 是固定句型，it作形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式，对应“照顾小孩需要耐心”。 25.答案C解析：nothing is impossible 是固定表达，表示“一切皆有可能”，对应“用心去做，没有不可能的事”。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $