寒假作业09 语法填空（巩固培优）八年级英语新教材外研版

限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业09 语法填空 中考英语语法填空一般分为 “给出提示词” 和 “不给提示词” 两类。解题时要同时关注句子结构、词性变化和固定搭配。 一、先通读全文，把握大意 1. 语法填空不是孤立考语法，而是在语篇中考查。 2. 先读一遍文章，了解故事背景、时态主线、人物关系，有助于判断动词形式、代词指代等。 二、给出提示词的解题技巧 1. 动词 · 看主语判断单复数。 · 看时间状语或上下文判断时态。 · 看与主语关系判断主动或被动。 · 若句中已有谓语，需考虑非谓语：doing、done、to do。 2. 名词 · 看是否需要复数。 · 看前面是否有冠词、数词、形容词性物主代词等修饰。 · 有些名词需变形容词或副词（如 care → careful /carefully）。 3. 形容词和副词 · 修饰名词用形容词。 · 修饰动词、形容词或整个句子用副词。 · 比较级和最高级要看句中 than、much、even、the 等提示词。 4. 代词 · 主格用 I、he、they；宾格用 me、him、them。 · 形容词性物主代词后接名词；名词性物主代词不接名词。 · 反身代词要与主语一致。 三、不给提示词的解题技巧 1. 冠词 · 第一次提到用 a/an，再次提到用 the。 · 不可数名词、复数名词前一般不用冠词。 · 固定搭配要牢记，如 in the morning、at night。 2. 介词 · 看后面的名词或动词形式判断，如 by doing、with sb.、for a long time。 · 固定搭配要熟练，如 look after、be interested in。 3. 连词 · 并列关系用 and、or、but。 · 因果关系用 because、so。 · 时间关系用 when、while、before、after。 · 让步关系用 although、though。 4. 助动词、情态动词 · 一般疑问句开头用 Do/Does/Did。 · 被动语态用 be 动词。 · 完成时用 have/has/had。 · 情态动词后接动词原形。 5. 代词（常见 it、this、that、these、those） · 指代前文提到的单数名词用 it 或 that。 · 指代复数名词用 they 或 those。 · 表示时间、天气、距离常用 it。 四、固定搭配与句型 1. 常见固定搭配必须背熟，如 make a decision、take part in、be good at。 2. 常见句型如 so…that…、too…to…、not only…but also…。 3. there be 句型要注意主谓一致。 五、检查阶段 1. 看动词是否符合时态、语态、主谓一致。 2. 看名词单复数是否正确。 3. 看代词是否与指代对象一致。 4. 看介词、连词是否符合语境。 5. 通读一遍，检查是否通顺。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型（热点话题） 01 （24-25八年级上·山东烟台·期末）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the Warring States period (战国时期), there was an old man 1 (call) Sai Weng. His special skill was taking care of horses and he was very good at it. That is how he made money to live at his village. One day he lost one of his 2 (well) horses. His neighbor told Sai Weng how sorry he was about this. Sai Weng said, “Do not be sorry for me. I agree with you that this looks like bad luck now, but let us wait and see what happens.” After a while, the horse that Sai Weng had lost returned, but it did not come alone. Another very beautiful horse was 3 it. Sai Weng’s other neighbor arrived 4 his door and congratulated him. Sai Weng 5 (reply), “This seems like good luck now, but let us wait and see.” A few days later, Sai Weng’s son decided to go out to ride the new horse. During the ride, the horse was nervous and threw its rider to the ground. Sai Weng’s son broke his leg. This time both neighbors came to console (安慰) Sai Weng, but Sai Weng 6 (simple) said, “Thank you, but how could we know this is not 7 good thing for me?” One year later, the Emperor’s soldiers went to the village to collect healthy young 8 (man) to fight in the war. Sai Weng’s son was needed 9 (join) the army. However, he didn’t join the army 10 he was crippled (瘸的). 【答案】 1．called 2．best 3．with 4．at 5．replied 6．simply 7．a 8．men 9．to join 10．because 【导语】本文讲述了战国时期塞翁的故事：他丢失了一匹好马，却带回另一匹骏马；儿子骑新马摔断腿，后因腿瘸躲过被征兵参战。故事展现了塞翁面对祸福时的豁达态度，体现了祸福相依的道理。 1．句意：战国时期，有一位老人叫塞翁。此处需要过去分词作后置定语，修饰an old man，call的过去分词是called，表示“被叫做”，符合语境。故填called。 2．句意：一天，他丢失了他最好的马之一。“one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”表示“……中最……之一”，well的最高级是best，符合语境。故填best。 3．句意：另一只非常漂亮的马和它一起回来的。with表示“和……一起”，符合语境，说明两匹马一同归来。故填with。 4．句意：塞翁的另一个邻居来到他的门口祝贺他。arrive at + 小地点是固定短语，his door是小地点，所以用at。故填at。 5．句意：塞翁回答说：“现在这看起来像是好运，但让我们等等看。”文章整体时态是一般过去时，reply的过去式是replied，符合语境。故填replied。 6．句意：但塞翁只是说：“谢谢你们，但我们怎么知道这对我来说不是一件好事呢？”此处需要副词修饰动词said，simple的副词是simply，表示“仅仅，只是”，符合语境。故填simply。 7．句意：但我们怎么知道这对我来说不是一件好事呢？a good thing表示“一件好事”，good是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 8．句意：一年后，皇帝的士兵来到村子里征集健康的年轻男子去打仗。collect后接可数名词复数，man的复数是men，符合语境，指多个年轻男子。故填men。 9．句意：塞翁的儿子需要参军。be needed to do sth.是固定短语，表示“被需要做某事”，所以此处用动词不定式to join。故填to join。 10．句意：然而，因为他是瘸的，所以他没有参军。空格前后是因果关系，because表示“因为”，引导原因状语从句，符合语境。故填because。 02 （24-25八年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Nancy was 1 popular girl at school. She was smart and fun. From an early age, she tried to be kind and friendly to everyone. She invited all her classmates 2 (join) her birthday party. She gave gifts to everybody. She was very busy because she had so many friends to spend every day with. She felt very 3 (luck). But everything changed on National Friendship Day. 4 that day, everyone had to give three gifts to their three best friends. Nancy enjoyed choosing three from all her friends. However, after 5 (give) three gifts, Nancy didn’t get one! Even Lily, a girl who always played with her every day, didn’t give 6 (she) a gift. When she got home that night, Nancy 7 (tell) her mother what happened. Her mother touched her head gently (温柔地) and said, “You can’t buy friends with a smile or a few good words. For most of your classmates, you’re only a playmate. If you 8 (real) want true friends, you should really care about your friends.” That night, in bed, Nancy thought about her 9 (mother) words. Then she thought that her mother always helped her 10 stayed with her at anytime. Until that moment, Nancy knew the meaning of a true friend. 【答案】 1．a 2．to join 3．lucky 4．On 5．giving 6．her 7．told 8．really 9．mother’s 10．and 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Nancy在友谊节一无所获的故事，最后在妈妈的帮助下，她明白了彼此陪伴和关心的朋友才是真正的朋友。 1．句意：在学校里Nancy是一个受人欢迎的女孩。表示Nancy是某一类人，用不定冠词a或者an；popular的发音是以辅音音素开头。故填a。 2．句意：她邀请她所有的同学来参加她的生日聚会。invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”。故填to join。 3．句意：她觉得非常幸运。feel是系动词，此处填形容词作其表语；lucy对应的形容词是lucky。故填lucky。 4．句意：在那天，每个人都要把三个礼物送给自己最好的三个朋友。that day指National Friendship Day，是具体的一天，其前用表示时间的介词on；on在句首，首字母o大写。故填On。 5．句意：然而，在送出去礼物之后，Nancy却一个礼物也没有收到。本句中after是介词，后接名词、代词或者动名词；give是动词，其动名词形式是giving。故填giving。 6．句意：甚至一个每天都和她一起玩耍的女孩Lily，也没有送她礼物。give sb. sth.“把某物给某人”，这里的sb.如果是人称代词，用宾格形式；she是人称代词，其宾格形式为her。故填her。 7．句意：那天夜里回到家的时候，Nancy把发生的事情告诉了她的妈妈。根据从句“When she got home that night”时态可知主句时态是一般过去时，谓语动词tell变为过去式told。故填told。 8．句意：如果你确实想要真朋友，你就应该真正地去关心你的朋友。从句中主谓宾完整，可考虑副词修饰动词want；real对应的副词是really。故填really。 9．句意：夜里躺在床上，Nancy想起了妈妈的话。words和mother是所属关系，mother用名词所有格形式mother’s。故填mother’s。 10．句意：那时，她想到她的妈妈总是会在任何时候帮助她，和她在一起。空前的helped her和空后的stayed with her是并列关系，用and连接。故填and。 03 （24-25八年级上·四川德阳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A man and his horse were walking in the desert. They wanted to go to a market 1 (sell) some clothes. They travelled 2 a long time. They hadn’t eaten 3 (some) food and had only a small amount of water left. The sun was very hot, and the man 4 (know) that they would not last long. If he gave his horse the water, then he would have none for 5 (he) and would die. But if he drank the water, his horse couldn’t go on any more. Not only could the man not walk in the desert without water, 6 he would also lose his friend. The man made a 7 (decide) to give his horse the last few drops of water. The horse, who was very grateful, gave all the energy he had to try to reach the market. After a while, the man’s eyes were 8 (close) at peace and prepared to die. Because he knew he did everything he could and tried his 9 (good) to save his friend. Just then, the horse made a loud sound: the market! They reached the market 10 (final)! 【答案】 1．to sell 2．for 3．any 4．knew 5．himself 6．but 7．decision 8．closed 9．best 10．finally 【导语】本文讲述沙漠中一人一马缺水，男子把最后几滴水给马，马带他坚持到市场的故事。 1．句意：他们想去市场卖些衣服。根据“They wanted to go to a market...some clothes.”可知，去市场的目的是卖些衣服，此处用动词不定式表示目的，sell“卖”的不定式是to sell。故填to sell。 2．句意：他们旅行了很长时间。根据“They travelled...a long time.”可知，此处指旅行了很长时间，“for+时间段”表示持续时长，此处用for。故填for。 3．句意：他们没吃任何食物。根据“They hadn’t eaten”可知，本句是否定句，some用于肯定句，否定句中用any，此处是否定句，故填any。 4．句意：太阳很热，男子知道他们撑不了多久。文章叙述过去的事，用一般过去时，know的过去式是knew。故填knew。 5．句意：他自己就没水了，会死掉。根据“then he would have none for”可知，把水给马喝，自己就没有水喝了，此处指“他自己”，用he的反身代词himself。故填himself。 6．句意：没水的话，男子不仅不能在沙漠里行走，还会失去朋友。“not only...but also...”是固定搭配，表示“不仅……而且……”，故填but。 7．句意：男子决定把最后几滴水给马。make a decision是固定短语，decide的名词形式是decision。故填decision。 8．句意：过了一会儿，男子的眼睛平静地闭上，准备赴死。此处是被动语态（眼睛被闭上），close的过去分词是closed。故填closed。 9．句意：因为他知道自己已尽全力救朋友。try one’s best是固定短语，表示“尽力而为”，good的最高级是best。故填best。 10．句意：他们最终到达了市场！此处修饰动词“reached”，用final的副词形式finally。故填finally。 04 （25-26八年级上·吉林长春·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 There were two brothers named John and Joey in a small town. They were two talented (有才能的) boys. They showed great talents at an early age and they did much 1 (well) than their classmates. As time went by, they grew up. But they 2 (choose) different ways to live. John focused on his future. He used all of his talents to find 3 good job. He travelled to different countries and visited many important people and 4 (place). Everyone thought that he would be a great man in the future. However, the 5 (two) young man, Joey, was different. He was warm-hearted and he thought he should help people around. He was always busy 6 (do) much work to help those in need. One day, people in the town met some problems. They came to ask Joey and John for help. Joey tried to help them get out 7 trouble. He even gave most of his money to help improve their lives. His kindness touched their hearts. At the same time, John still kept doing his job and did not help them, 8 he became less popular than Joey and he felt sad. Later, Joey talked with him and he knew that his talents were not only for 9 (he). He learned from Joey that he should often help people, and he 10 (real) understood the spirit of the saying “Roses given, fragrance (香气) in hand”. 【答案】 1．better 2．chose 3．a 4．places 5．second 6．doing 7．of 8．so 9．himself 10．really 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述John和Joey两兄弟不同的人生选择和经历，强调了帮助他人的重要性以及分享带来的快乐。 1．句意：他们在很小的时候就展现出了巨大的天赋，并且比他们的同学做得好得多。根据“than”可知，此处用比较级形式，well的比较级是better。故填better。 2．句意：但是他们选择了不同的生活方式。根据“As time went by, they grew up.”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，choose的过去式是chose。故填chose。 3．句意：他利用自己所有的才能找到了一份好工作。job是可数名词单数，此处表示泛指，且good以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 4．句意：他去了不同的国家，拜访了许多重要的人和地方。and连接并列成分，前面是名词复数“people”，所以此处也用名词复数places。故填places。 5．句意：然而，第二个年轻人Joey则不同。根据前文提到John，可知此处是第二个年轻人，用序数词second表示“第二”。故填second。 6．句意：他总是忙着做很多工作来帮助那些需要帮助的人。由“busy”可知，be busy doing sth.“忙于做某事”，固定短语，所以此处用动名词doing。故填doing。 7．句意：Joey试图帮助他们摆脱困境。由“get out”可知，get out of“摆脱”，固定短语。故填of。 8．句意：与此同时，John仍然继续做他的工作，没有帮助他们，所以他变得不如Joey受欢迎，他感到难过。根据“At the same time, John still kept doing his job and did not help them,...he became less popular than Joey and he felt sad.”可知，前后句是因果关系，前因后果，所以用so连接。故填so。 9．句意：后来，Joey和他交谈，他知道他的才能不仅仅是为了他自己。根据“Later, Joey talked with him and he knew that his talents were not only for...”可知，此处指不仅仅是为了他自己，用反身代词himself“他自己”。故填himself。 10．句意：他从Joey那里学到应该经常帮助别人，他真正理解了“赠人玫瑰，手留余香”这句话的精神。此处修饰动词understood，用副词really“真正地”。故填really。 01 （25-26八年级上·江苏南京·期末）阅读下面短文，在每个空格内填入恰当的词 (有提示词的，填入所给单词的正确形式)。 Machu Picchu (马丘比丘) is a mysterious (神秘的) and wonderful place. Tourists come for a visit from all over the 1 every day. It is 2 (know) for its special structure and amazing view. The buildings in Machu Picchu are mainly made 3 large stones. There are many interesting things 4 (do) when visiting this place. You can explore ancient sites, hike along the roads 5 enjoy the beautiful view around you. It is really 6 (help) for some researchers (研究人员) if they love history and want to study the Inca culture here. The guides are very friendly as well. If you have any questions, you can ask 7 (they), and they will answer patiently. There are various 8 (animal) and plants around Machu Picchu. They form a special life system. The Peruvian (秘鲁的) government is 9 (try) to protect this place well. They hope to keep its natural beauty. I really hope I can visit Machu Picchu one day and experience its magic with 10 (I) own eyes. 【答案】 1．world 2．known 3．of 4．to do 5．and 6．helpful 7．them 8．animals 9．trying 10．my 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了神秘而美丽的马丘比丘，包括其建筑特色、旅游活动、动植物资源以及政府的保护措施。 1．句意：每天都有来自世界各地的游客来参观。此处表示“世界各地”，固定短语all over the world。故填world。 2．句意：它以其特殊的结构和令人惊叹的景色而闻名。此处为固定短语“be known for”，意为“因……而闻名”。故填known。 3．句意：马丘比丘的建筑主要由大石头建造。固定短语“be made of”表示“由……制成”，表示能看得出原材料。故填of。 4．句意：参观这个地方时有很多有趣的事情可做。此处为不定式作后置定语，修饰“things”。故填to do。 5．句意：你可以探索古代遗址，沿着道路徒步旅行，并欣赏周围的美景。三个并列动作的后两个用并列连词连接。故填and。 6．句意：如果一些研究员喜欢历史并想研究这里的印加文化，这对他们真的很有帮助。此处为形容词作表语。故填helpful。 7．句意：如果你有任何问题，你可以问他们，他们会耐心回答。此处为代词作宾语，用宾格。故填them。 8．句意：马丘比丘周围有各种各样的动植物。由are可知是可数名词复数形式，故填animals。 9．句意：秘鲁政府正在努力保护这个地方。此处为现在进行时，is后用现在分词。故填trying。 10．句意：我真的希望有一天能亲眼目睹马丘比丘的魔力。此处为形容词性物主代词修饰“own eyes”，故填my。 02 （24-25八年级上·江苏淮安·期末）根据短文内容，用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整。      The Navi Mumbai Animal Protection Society took pictures of a blue dog on a 1 (rain) day. How did this happen? There are nearly 1,000 factories at the Taloja industrial area of Mumbai, India. They poured the waste into the river. It made the dog’s fur 2 (change) colour. Homeless dogs in this area looked for food near the Kasadi River and 3 (drink) the water in it. “We have pity on those poor dogs. It was sad to see how 4 (they) white fur turned blue. Recently we 5 (find) six such dogs here. The government must take 6 (act) to change the situation(状况),’’ a 7 (speak) of the society said. In August, local 8 (fisherman) were worried about the polluted river water. The factories 9 (pour) waste into the river at that time when some of them walked past the river. However, the government did not do 10 (something) to solve the problem. 【答案】 1．rainy 2．change 3．drank 4．their 5．have found 6．action 7．speaker 8．fishermen 9．were pouring 10．anything 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了印度新孟买动物保护协会发现流浪狗因附近工厂将废水排入卡萨迪河，导致其皮毛变成蓝色的事件，并呼吁政府采取行动解决污染问题。 1．句意：新孟买动物保护协会在一个雨天拍下了一只蓝色狗的照片。根据空后的“day”可知，此处需形容词作定语，“rain”的形容词形式“rainy”表示“下雨的，多雨的”，符合语境。故填rainy。 2．句意：它使狗的毛变了颜色。“make sb. do sth.”表示“使某人做某事”，固定结构，此处需填动词原形。故填change。 3．句意：这个地区的流浪狗在卡萨迪河附近寻找食物并饮用河里的水。根据“looked for”可知，本句描述过去的行为，时态为一般过去时，动词需用过去式。故填drank。 4．句意：看到它们白色的皮毛变成蓝色是令人悲伤的。 根据空后的“white fur”可知，此处需用形容词性物主代词作定语，表示“它们的皮毛”。故填their。 5．句意：最近我们在这里发现了六只这样的狗。根据时间状语“Recently”可知，此处表示到目前为止已经发生的动作，用现在完成时，其结构为“主语+have/has+done”，主语是we，助动词用have。故填have found。 6．句意：政府必须采取行动来改变这一状况。“take action”表示“采取行动”，是固定搭配。故填action。 7．句意：该协会的一位发言人说。 根据“a…said”可知，此处指一位发言者。故填speaker。 8．句意：八月份，当地的渔民对受污染的河水感到担忧。根据“were”可知，主语为复数，“fisherman”的复数形式为“fishermen”。故填fishermen。 9．句意：当时一些渔民走过河边时，工厂正在向河里排放废水。根据“at that time when...”可知，此处描述过去某一时刻正在发生的动作，需用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+doing”，主语The factories是复数，用were。故填were pouring。 10．句意：然而，政府没有采取任何措施来解决这个问题。根据“did not”可知，此处是否定句，需要用anything。故填anything。 03 （24-25八年级上·广东深圳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案写在答题卡相应位置。 Dear John, I am glad to share with you an amazing book called The Art of War: It is an ancient book about the strategy of war. This is the 1 (three) time that I recommend (推荐) the book! This book is full of clever sayings. One of 2 most important ideas is “know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat”. It means in a war, there were many things people should think about 3 (careful), such as the places and the things they had. It mainly tells us 4 (make) good plans before we do something. If we do this, we will have more 5 (chance) to get what we want. The book also 6 (teach) us to be patient and not be too quick to act. We have to wait 7 the right time to do something. For example, when we play chess, we can think about the ways in this book. It helps us to be 8 (smart) and make better choices. So far, many people 9 (read) the book. It is not only for wars in the past, 10 also for our daily life. It is really a great and useful book. Hope you will read it soon. Best wishes, Li Hua 【答案】 1．third 2．the 3．carefully 4．to make 5．chances 6．teaches 7．for 8．smarter 9．have read 10．but 【导语】本文主要介绍了《孙子兵法》这本书。 1．句意：这是我第三次推荐这本书了。空前有定冠词the，此处应用序数词，third“第三”，为序数词。故填third。 2．句意：最重要的观点之一是“知已知彼，百战不殆”。根据“... most important”可知，此处为形容词最高级，前面需要加定冠词修饰。故填the。 3．句意：这意味着在战争中，人们应该仔细考虑很多事情，比如他们拥有的地方和东西。careful为形容词，意为“仔细的”，其副词形式为carefully，意为“仔细地”，此处用副词修饰动词短语“think about”。故填carefully。 4．句意：它主要告诉我们，在做某事之前要制定好计划。tell sb.to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“告诉某人做某事”，所以此处需要用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to make。 5．句意：如果我们这样做，我们就会有更多的机会得到我们想要的东西。chance为可数名词，意为“机会”，其前面有more修饰，所以此处需要用chance的复数形式chances。故填chances。 6．句意：这本书还教会我们要有耐心，不要急于行动。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词，且此处描述的是客观事实，所以需要用一般现在时，主语“The book”为第三人称单数，所以谓语需要用第三人称单数形式teaches。故填teaches。 7．句意：我们必须等到合适的时间才去做某事。wait for为固定短语，意为“等待”，所以此处需要用介词for。故填for。 8．句意：它帮助我们变得更聪明做出更好的选择。根据“It helps us to be ... and make better choices.”可知，此处应用形容词比较级，和“make better choices”构成并列。smart比较级形式为smarter，意为“更聪明的”。故填smarter。 9．句意：到目前为止，很多人已经读过这本书了。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词，且so far意为“到目前为止”，常用于现在完成时，其结构为“have / has + done”，主语“many people”为复数，所以助动词需要用have。故填have read。 10．句意：它不仅适用于过去的战争，也适用于我们的日常生活。not only ... but also ...为固定短语，意为“不仅……而且……”，所以此处需要用连词but。故填but。 04 （24-25八年级上·广东深圳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Known as the “rocket boy”, Yan Hongsen is a primary school student in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. He started showing interest 1 space science when he was just four years old. He even gave his classmates a lesson on space at school. Yan 2 (be) popular since his father shared a video online in 2022. In it, the boy pointed out that a rocket at a planetarium (天文馆) had the wrong name. The planetarium thanked Yan a lot for this. In the same year, Yan met Zhang Yuhua, 3 successful woman in China’s space field. Yan learnt a lot from her and decided 4 (build) his own rocket. Later, he spent 10 months studying and trying. 5 (final), he built his first rocket. “That rocket only flew 200 6 (metre) and then started to fall, “ Yan’s father said. But Yan didn’t give up. He thought about what was wrong 7 improved his rocket. Last October, he started to build his 8 (two) rocket. Though people always say school comes first, Yan’s parents still give 9 (they) son more time to follow his dream. And the boy hopes to continue his study on rocket building. He also dreams of 10 (work) in China’s space field in the future. 【答案】 1．in 2．has been 3．a 4．to build 5．Finally 6．metres 7．and 8．second 9．their 10．working 【导语】本文主要介绍了浙江绍兴的小学生严弘森对太空的热爱以及他在太空方面取得的成绩。 1．句意：他四岁时就开始对太空科学感兴趣。show interest in“对……感兴趣”，用介词in。故填in。 2．句意：自从2022年他的父亲在网上分享了一段视频以来，严就很受欢迎。根据since可知，主句时态为现在完成时，主语为Yan，助动词用has，be的过去分词为been。故填has been。 3．句意：同年，严遇到了中国航天领域的成功女性张玉花。根据“...successful woman in China’s space field.”可知，是泛指一个成功的女性，successful为辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 4．句意：严从她身上学到了很多，决定自己造火箭。decide to do sth“决定做某事”，空处用动词build的不定式形式to build。故填to build。 5．句意：最后，他制造了他的第一枚火箭。空处修饰整个句子，用副词形式finally，句首字母大写。故填Finally。 6．句意：“那枚火箭只飞了200米就开始坠落了，”严的父亲说。metre“米”，可数名词，200修饰用复数形式。故填metres。 7．句意：他思考出了什么问题，改进了火箭。根据“He thought about what was wrong...improved his rocket.”可知，前后表示并列关系，用and连接。故填and。 8．句意：去年10月，他开始建造他的第二枚火箭。根据rocket可知，空处用序数词second表示第二。故填second。 9．句意：虽然人们总是说学校是第一位的，但严的父母仍然给了儿子更多的时间来实现他的梦想。空处修饰名词son用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 10．句意：他还梦想着将来在中国航天领域工作。dream of doing sth“梦想做某事”，空处用动名词形式。故填working。 01 （24-25八年级上·广东深圳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Wang Haoze, China’s first woman spaceflight engineer, thanked her teacher. “I think I’m lucky to be part of the country’s space program because I didn’t study space at first,” the 34-year-old astronaut said. “I studied at Southeast University from 2009 1 2015. Professor Gu Fan, who led me to the space industry (航空业), often discussed the topics of space with us. He also encouraged us 2 (work) in the space industry.” With the help of Professor Gu, Wang worked at the Beijing Acrospace Propulsion Institute (北京航天推进研究所) in 3 summer of 2015. At the institute, Wang studied and developed new models of rockets. Faced with new 4 (challenge) and knowledge, she enjoyed learning and finishing difficult tasks 5 (successful). Three years after working on rockets, she joined the 6 (three) generation (代) of astronauts. “I have never imagined I can have a chance to become an astronaut,” Wang said. So far, she 7 (spend) hard time with teammates in lots of tests. 8 she met a lot of difficulties, she never gave up. “ 9 we try our best to complete every task, we can make our ‘space home’ much 10 (good) in the future.” She said. 【答案】 1．to 2．to work 3．the 4．challenges 5．successfully 6．third 7．has spent 8．Although/Though 9．If 10．better 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国第一位女航天工程师王浩泽的故事。 1．句意：2009年至2015年，我在东南大学学习。考查from...to...“从……到……”。故填to。 2．句意：他还鼓励我们在航天工业工作。考查encourage sb.to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，所以填动词不定式。故填to work。 3．句意：在顾教授的帮助下，王于2015年夏天在北京航天推进研究所工作。根据“summer of 2015”可知，此处特指“2015年的夏天”，所以填定冠词the。故填the。 4．句意：面对新的挑战和知识，她喜欢学习并成功完成艰巨的任务。根据“and knowledge”可知，此处填名词，challenge“挑战”符合句意；因为可数名词空前无限定词，所以填复数形式challenges。故填challenges。 5．句意：面对新的挑战和知识，她喜欢学习并成功完成艰巨的任务。根据“finishing difficult tasks”可知，修饰动词填副词，successful的副词形式为successfully。故填successfully。 6．句意：在火箭工作三年后，她加入了第三代宇航员。根据“the ... generation (代) of astronauts”可知，此处填序数词表示顺序，three的序数词形式为third，the third generation“第三代”。故填third。 7．句意：到目前为止，她在很多测试中都和队友一起度过了艰难的时光。根据“so far”可知，时态为现在完成时，结构是“have/has+过去分词”，spend的过去分词是spent，主语“she”是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故填has spent。 8．句意：尽管她遇到了很多困难，但她从未放弃。根据“she met a lot of difficulties, she never gave up”可知，前后两句为让步关系，所以为although/though引导的让步状语从句。句首单词首字母大写，故填Although/Though。 9．句意：“如果我们尽最大努力完成每一项任务，我们就可以让我们的‘太空之家’在未来变得更好。”“她说。根据“we try our best to complete every task, we can make our ‘space home’ much ... in the future.”可知，前句是后句的条件，所以为if引导的条件状语从句。句首单词首字母大写，故填If。 10．句意：“如果我们尽最大努力完成每一项任务，我们就可以让我们的‘太空之家’在未来变得更好。”“她说。根据“much”可知，此处填形容词比较级better表示“更好”。故填better。 02 （24-25八年级上·广东深圳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The sanfu period (时期) or “dog days of summer” means the hottest part of summer in Chinese lunar calendar (农历). It was 1 July 15 to Aug 14 in 2024. According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), sanfu period is 2 excellent moment for health care and treating illnesses. A man named Xu Maolin told his own experience, “I 3 (have) a runny nose since I was little. I used to suffer from it every morning and evening during autumn and winter. That was painful. Last year, I tried sanfutie for the 4 (one) time and I felt much better. This 5 (complete) changed my opinion about TCM. I think TCM has a deep understanding of the human body. I want to make 6 (far) studies about TCM by reading more books. It’s important to learn to improve 7 (I) whole health.” Nowadays, young people may be worried because of difficulties in life, and 8 (health) habits like staying up late often make them feel uncomfortable. TCM works well in treating illnesses. The 9 (wise) of TCM in keeping healthy is invaluable. Technology is changing fast, 10 the traditional medicine is still important. It’s our duty to pass it down and keep it alive. 【答案】 1．from 2．an 3．have had 4．first 5．completely 6．further 7．my 8．unhealthy 9．wisdom 10．but 【导语】本文主要介绍了中医在治疗疾病方面很有效，我们有责任把它传承下去。 1．句意：时间是从2024年7月15日至8月14日。from…to…意为“从……到……”。故填from。 2．句意：根据中国传统医学，三伏时期是保健和治疗疾病的最佳时机。此处泛指一个最佳时机，excellent是元音音素开头的词，此处用冠词an。故填an。 3．句意：我从小就流鼻涕。根据“since I was little”可知，主句用现在完成时，谓语动词构成是have/has done，主语是I，助动词用have。故填have had。 4．句意：去年第一次尝试三伏贴，感觉好多了。此处说的是第一次，应该用序数词first，意为“第一”。故填first。 5．句意：这彻底改变了我对中医的看法。此处用副词修饰动词，completely意为“完全地”。故填completely。 6．句意：我想通过读更多的书来进一步研究中医。此处说的是进一步的研究，用形容词修饰名词，further意为“更进一步的”，作定语。故填further。 7．句意：学会改善我的整体健康很重要。此处说的是我的健康，应该用形容词性物主代词my，意为“我的”。故填my。 8．句意：现在的年轻人可能因为生活上的困难而忧心忡忡，像熬夜这样的不健康习惯经常让他们感到不舒服。根据“staying up late often make them feel uncomfortable.”可知，此处说的是不健康的习惯，unhealthy意为“不健康的”，形容词作定语。故填unhealthy。 9．句意：中医养生的智慧是无价的。此处用“the+名词+of”，wisdom意为“智慧”，名词。故填wisdom。 10．句意：科技日新月异，但传统医学仍然很重要。前后句子之间是转折关系，此处用but连接，意为“但是”。故填but。 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业09 语法填空 中考英语语法填空一般分为 “给出提示词” 和 “不给提示词” 两类。解题时要同时关注句子结构、词性变化和固定搭配。 一、先通读全文，把握大意 1. 语法填空不是孤立考语法，而是在语篇中考查。 2. 先读一遍文章，了解故事背景、时态主线、人物关系，有助于判断动词形式、代词指代等。 二、给出提示词的解题技巧 1. 动词 · 看主语判断单复数。 · 看时间状语或上下文判断时态。 · 看与主语关系判断主动或被动。 · 若句中已有谓语，需考虑非谓语：doing、done、to do。 2. 名词 · 看是否需要复数。 · 看前面是否有冠词、数词、形容词性物主代词等修饰。 · 有些名词需变形容词或副词（如 care → careful /carefully）。 3. 形容词和副词 · 修饰名词用形容词。 · 修饰动词、形容词或整个句子用副词。 · 比较级和最高级要看句中 than、much、even、the 等提示词。 4. 代词 · 主格用 I、he、they；宾格用 me、him、them。 · 形容词性物主代词后接名词；名词性物主代词不接名词。 · 反身代词要与主语一致。 三、不给提示词的解题技巧 1. 冠词 · 第一次提到用 a/an，再次提到用 the。 · 不可数名词、复数名词前一般不用冠词。 · 固定搭配要牢记，如 in the morning、at night。 2. 介词 · 看后面的名词或动词形式判断，如 by doing、with sb.、for a long time。 · 固定搭配要熟练，如 look after、be interested in。 3. 连词 · 并列关系用 and、or、but。 · 因果关系用 because、so。 · 时间关系用 when、while、before、after。 · 让步关系用 although、though。 4. 助动词、情态动词 · 一般疑问句开头用 Do/Does/Did。 · 被动语态用 be 动词。 · 完成时用 have/has/had。 · 情态动词后接动词原形。 5. 代词（常见 it、this、that、these、those） · 指代前文提到的单数名词用 it 或 that。 · 指代复数名词用 they 或 those。 · 表示时间、天气、距离常用 it。 四、固定搭配与句型 1. 常见固定搭配必须背熟，如 make a decision、take part in、be good at。 2. 常见句型如 so…that…、too…to…、not only…but also…。 3. there be 句型要注意主谓一致。 五、检查阶段 1. 看动词是否符合时态、语态、主谓一致。 2. 看名词单复数是否正确。 3. 看代词是否与指代对象一致。 4. 看介词、连词是否符合语境。 5. 通读一遍，检查是否通顺。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型（热点话题） 01 （24-25八年级上·山东烟台·期末）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the Warring States period (战国时期), there was an old man 1 (call) Sai Weng. His special skill was taking care of horses and he was very good at it. That is how he made money to live at his village. One day he lost one of his 2 (well) horses. His neighbor told Sai Weng how sorry he was about this. Sai Weng said, “Do not be sorry for me. I agree with you that this looks like bad luck now, but let us wait and see what happens.” After a while, the horse that Sai Weng had lost returned, but it did not come alone. Another very beautiful horse was 3 it. Sai Weng’s other neighbor arrived 4 his door and congratulated him. Sai Weng 5 (reply), “This seems like good luck now, but let us wait and see.” A few days later, Sai Weng’s son decided to go out to ride the new horse. During the ride, the horse was nervous and threw its rider to the ground. Sai Weng’s son broke his leg. This time both neighbors came to console (安慰) Sai Weng, but Sai Weng 6 (simple) said, “Thank you, but how could we know this is not 7 good thing for me?” One year later, the Emperor’s soldiers went to the village to collect healthy young 8 (man) to fight in the war. Sai Weng’s son was needed 9 (join) the army. However, he didn’t join the army 10 he was crippled (瘸的). 02 （24-25八年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Nancy was 1 popular girl at school. She was smart and fun. From an early age, she tried to be kind and friendly to everyone. She invited all her classmates 2 (join) her birthday party. She gave gifts to everybody. She was very busy because she had so many friends to spend every day with. She felt very 3 (luck). But everything changed on National Friendship Day. 4 that day, everyone had to give three gifts to their three best friends. Nancy enjoyed choosing three from all her friends. However, after 5 (give) three gifts, Nancy didn’t get one! Even Lily, a girl who always played with her every day, didn’t give 6 (she) a gift. When she got home that night, Nancy 7 (tell) her mother what happened. Her mother touched her head gently (温柔地) and said, “You can’t buy friends with a smile or a few good words. For most of your classmates, you’re only a playmate. If you 8 (real) want true friends, you should really care about your friends.” That night, in bed, Nancy thought about her 9 (mother) words. Then she thought that her mother always helped her 10 stayed with her at anytime. Until that moment, Nancy knew the meaning of a true friend. 03 （24-25八年级上·四川德阳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A man and his horse were walking in the desert. They wanted to go to a market 1 (sell) some clothes. They travelled 2 a long time. They hadn’t eaten 3 (some) food and had only a small amount of water left. The sun was very hot, and the man 4 (know) that they would not last long. If he gave his horse the water, then he would have none for 5 (he) and would die. But if he drank the water, his horse couldn’t go on any more. Not only could the man not walk in the desert without water, 6 he would also lose his friend. The man made a 7 (decide) to give his horse the last few drops of water. The horse, who was very grateful, gave all the energy he had to try to reach the market. After a while, the man’s eyes were 8 (close) at peace and prepared to die. Because he knew he did everything he could and tried his 9 (good) to save his friend. Just then, the horse made a loud sound: the market! They reached the market 10 (final)! 04 （25-26八年级上·吉林长春·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 There were two brothers named John and Joey in a small town. They were two talented (有才能的) boys. They showed great talents at an early age and they did much 1 (well) than their classmates. As time went by, they grew up. But they 2 (choose) different ways to live. John focused on his future. He used all of his talents to find 3 good job. He travelled to different countries and visited many important people and 4 (place). Everyone thought that he would be a great man in the future. However, the 5 (two) young man, Joey, was different. He was warm-hearted and he thought he should help people around. He was always busy 6 (do) much work to help those in need. One day, people in the town met some problems. They came to ask Joey and John for help. Joey tried to help them get out 7 trouble. He even gave most of his money to help improve their lives. His kindness touched their hearts. At the same time, John still kept doing his job and did not help them, 8 he became less popular than Joey and he felt sad. Later, Joey talked with him and he knew that his talents were not only for 9 (he). He learned from Joey that he should often help people, and he 10 (real) understood the spirit of the saying “Roses given, fragrance (香气) in hand”. 01 （25-26八年级上·江苏南京·期末）阅读下面短文，在每个空格内填入恰当的词 (有提示词的，填入所给单词的正确形式)。 Machu Picchu (马丘比丘) is a mysterious (神秘的) and wonderful place. Tourists come for a visit from all over the 1 every day. It is 2 (know) for its special structure and amazing view. The buildings in Machu Picchu are mainly made 3 large stones. There are many interesting things 4 (do) when visiting this place. You can explore ancient sites, hike along the roads 5 enjoy the beautiful view around you. It is really 6 (help) for some researchers (研究人员) if they love history and want to study the Inca culture here. The guides are very friendly as well. If you have any questions, you can ask 7 (they), and they will answer patiently. There are various 8 (animal) and plants around Machu Picchu. They form a special life system. The Peruvian (秘鲁的) government is 9 (try) to protect this place well. They hope to keep its natural beauty. I really hope I can visit Machu Picchu one day and experience its magic with 10 (I) own eyes. 02 （24-25八年级上·江苏淮安·期末）根据短文内容，用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整。      The Navi Mumbai Animal Protection Society took pictures of a blue dog on a 1 (rain) day. How did this happen? There are nearly 1,000 factories at the Taloja industrial area of Mumbai, India. They poured the waste into the river. It made the dog’s fur 2 (change) colour. Homeless dogs in this area looked for food near the Kasadi River and 3 (drink) the water in it. “We have pity on those poor dogs. It was sad to see how 4 (they) white fur turned blue. Recently we 5 (find) six such dogs here. The government must take 6 (act) to change the situation(状况),’’ a 7 (speak) of the society said. In August, local 8 (fisherman) were worried about the polluted river water. The factories 9 (pour) waste into the river at that time when some of them walked past the river. However, the government did not do 10 (something) to solve the problem. 03 （24-25八年级上·广东深圳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案写在答题卡相应位置。 Dear John, I am glad to share with you an amazing book called The Art of War: It is an ancient book about the strategy of war. This is the 1 (three) time that I recommend (推荐) the book! This book is full of clever sayings. One of 2 most important ideas is “know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat”. It means in a war, there were many things people should think about 3 (careful), such as the places and the things they had. It mainly tells us 4 (make) good plans before we do something. If we do this, we will have more 5 (chance) to get what we want. The book also 6 (teach) us to be patient and not be too quick to act. We have to wait 7 the right time to do something. For example, when we play chess, we can think about the ways in this book. It helps us to be 8 (smart) and make better choices. So far, many people 9 (read) the book. It is not only for wars in the past, 10 also for our daily life. It is really a great and useful book. Hope you will read it soon. Best wishes, Li Hua 04 （24-25八年级上·广东深圳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Known as the “rocket boy”, Yan Hongsen is a primary school student in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. He started showing interest 1 space science when he was just four years old. He even gave his classmates a lesson on space at school. Yan 2 (be) popular since his father shared a video online in 2022. In it, the boy pointed out that a rocket at a planetarium (天文馆) had the wrong name. The planetarium thanked Yan a lot for this. In the same year, Yan met Zhang Yuhua, 3 successful woman in China’s space field. Yan learnt a lot from her and decided 4 (build) his own rocket. Later, he spent 10 months studying and trying. 5 (final), he built his first rocket. “That rocket only flew 200 6 (metre) and then started to fall, “ Yan’s father said. But Yan didn’t give up. He thought about what was wrong 7 improved his rocket. Last October, he started to build his 8 (two) rocket. Though people always say school comes first, Yan’s parents still give 9 (they) son more time to follow his dream. And the boy hopes to continue his study on rocket building. He also dreams of 10 (work) in China’s space field in the future. 01 （24-25八年级上·广东深圳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Wang Haoze, China’s first woman spaceflight engineer, thanked her teacher. “I think I’m lucky to be part of the country’s space program because I didn’t study space at first,” the 34-year-old astronaut said. “I studied at Southeast University from 2009 1 2015. Professor Gu Fan, who led me to the space industry (航空业), often discussed the topics of space with us. He also encouraged us 2 (work) in the space industry.” With the help of Professor Gu, Wang worked at the Beijing Acrospace Propulsion Institute (北京航天推进研究所) in 3 summer of 2015. At the institute, Wang studied and developed new models of rockets. Faced with new 4 (challenge) and knowledge, she enjoyed learning and finishing difficult tasks 5 (successful). Three years after working on rockets, she joined the 6 (three) generation (代) of astronauts. “I have never imagined I can have a chance to become an astronaut,” Wang said. So far, she 7 (spend) hard time with teammates in lots of tests. 8 she met a lot of difficulties, she never gave up. “ 9 we try our best to complete every task, we can make our ‘space home’ much 10 (good) in the future.” She said. 02 （24-25八年级上·广东深圳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The sanfu period (时期) or “dog days of summer” means the hottest part of summer in Chinese lunar calendar (农历). It was 1 July 15 to Aug 14 in 2024. According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), sanfu period is 2 excellent moment for health care and treating illnesses. A man named Xu Maolin told his own experience, “I 3 (have) a runny nose since I was little. I used to suffer from it every morning and evening during autumn and winter. That was painful. Last year, I tried sanfutie for the 4 (one) time and I felt much better. This 5 (complete) changed my opinion about TCM. I think TCM has a deep understanding of the human body. I want to make 6 (far) studies about TCM by reading more books. It’s important to learn to improve 7 (I) whole health.” Nowadays, young people may be worried because of difficulties in life, and 8 (health) habits like staying up late often make them feel uncomfortable. TCM works well in treating illnesses. The 9 (wise) of TCM in keeping healthy is invaluable. Technology is changing fast, 10 the traditional medicine is still important. It’s our duty to pass it down and keep it alive. 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $