专题07 阅读理解推理题、主旨题（复习讲义）（上海专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦阅读理解推理题与主旨题，涵盖隐含意义推断、写作意图分析、观点态度判断、文章出处识别及主旨大意归纳等核心考点，按考向分层梳理知识点，通过考点精析、方法指导与真题演练，帮助学生构建逻辑分析与整体把握能力，体现复习的系统性与针对性。 资料以2026年命题新动向为导向，创新采用“逻辑链整合”与“结构分析法”，如通过黄浦区一模题训练跨段信息推导，杨浦区一模题强化问题-解决方案结构把握，培养学生思维品质与语言能力。设置分层练习与即时反馈，助力教师精准把控复习节奏，高效提升学生应考能力。

专题07 阅读理解推理题、主旨题 目录 01 析·考情精解 2 02 构·知能架构 3 03 破·考点攻坚 4 考点一 考查阅读理解推理判断 4 考向1 考查逻辑分析推断隐含意义 7 考向2 考查文体特点推断写作意图 8 考向3 考查忠于措辞推断观点态度 9 考向4 考查语言特色推断文章出处和目标读者 10 考点二 考查阅读理解主旨大意 12 考向1 考查文章大意题 13 考向2 考查段落大意题 15 考向3 考查标题归纳题 17 26年各区一模命题透视 1. 推理题占比约 20%-25%，侧重考查隐含信息推断，如作者态度、观点倾向、逻辑结论、深层含义等，例：2025 黄浦区 39 题（Caprio 法官的司法理念）、2026 青浦区 39 题（作者对女儿的期待）。 2. 主旨大意题占比约 10%-15%，涵盖全文主旨、段落主旨、标题概括，多要求对文章核心内容的整体把握，例：2026 杨浦区 39 题（文章主旨）、2025 嘉定区 39 题（标题选择）。 3. 推理题需依托原文信息链推导，禁止过度解读；主旨题需避开 “细节干扰项”“片面概括项”。 26年各区一模考点总结 1. 推理题核心考点： - 态度推断（作者 / 文中人物的情感、立场）； - 逻辑推断（因果、转折、对比后的隐含结论）； - 细节推断（基于具体信息推导深层含义）。 2. 主旨大意题核心考点： - 全文主旨（概括核心事件、观点或说明对象）； - 段落主旨（某段核心功能或观点）； - 标题选择（简洁性 + 全面性，贴合核心内容）。 2026高考 命题预测 1. 推理题会更强调 “逻辑链完整性”，命题可能结合多段信息整合推断，增加对 “观点隐含逻辑” 的考查，而非单一细节推导。 2. 主旨大意题会侧重 “文章结构分析”，如总分、对比、问题 - 解决方案等结构，要求通过结构把握核心，减少对个别细节的依赖。 3. 选项设计会更注重 “概括精准度”，干扰项可能为 “局部细节放大”“主题偏离”，需强化对文章核心话题的提炼能力。 考点一 考查阅读理解推理判断 （2026 年黄浦区一模 A 篇 39 题） Judge Caprio, who retired from Providence Municipal Court in 2023 after almost 40 years, said his courtroom was where people and cases were met with kindness and sympathy. ........ “He was more than an expert in law — he was a symbol of understanding as a judge, showing us what is possible when justice is tempered with humanity.” Gov. Dan McKee of Rhode Island said in a statement after Judge Caprio’s death in August, 2025. 39. Judge Caprio believed that_________. A. justice could be both firm and caring B. the law should treat the elderly with mercy C. a troubled childhood could drive one to pursue D. trial live-streaming was a great way to gain fame 命题解读 新考法：整合人物公开表述与他人评价，推断核心信念（正义 + 人文关怀），需跨段落提炼逻辑，而非单一细节推理，强调 “观点 + 例证” 的整合推断。 新角度：答案依据：第一段 “his courtroom was where people and cases were met with kindness and sympathy”+ 最后一段 “justice is tempered with humanity” （2026 年青浦区一模 A 篇 39 题） Last summer, I took my daughter to that same overlook. The side rail had faded, but she peered over the edge, her small hand holding mine. “Daddy,” she whispered, “what’s on the other side?” I thought of all the answers I could give — the science of ocean currents, the geography of distant shores, even Columbus’s certainty. Instead, I knelt beside her and said, “No one knows for sure. That’s why we keep looking.” The wind carried our voices out to sea as the waves continued their endless work below, carving new edges for new generations. Some truths aren’t meant to be taught, but discovered — often at the cliff edge of what we think we know. When my daughter eventually stands at her own cliff edge, I hope she remembers this moment not as an ending, but as the first real question. 39. What did the author imply when he replied to his daughter’s question in that way? A. The waves were so noisy that they made any further conversation impossible. B. His daughter was too young to understand the facts about currents or Columbus. C. He wanted his daughter to keep exploring rather than accept ready-made answers. D. Contemporary science has not provided reliable data about the ocean and the cliff. 命题解读 新考法：通过人物对话推断深层意图（鼓励探索而非灌输答案），结合文章主旨（真理需探索），突出 “对话细节 + 主旨逻辑” 的双重推导，考察隐含情感与价值观。 新角度：答案依据：最后一段 “No one knows for sure. That’s why we keep looking... some truths aren’t meant to be taught, but discovered” 知识点1 推断隐含意义 锁定关键词： 根据题干关键词infer（推断），suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出结论）, indicate（暗示，象征）, imply（暗示）, assume(假定，设想)迅速确定题型 设题方式： It can be inferred from the passage that ． The author implied（suggested）that．．． ． It can be concluded from the passage that ． The writer indicates/implies/suggests that ． 解题指导： (1)抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断；(2)整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须以文章所提供的事实内容为依据，切忌凭空想象。 知识点2 推断写作意图 锁定关键词： 根据题干关键词purpose（目的），intend to（打算），want to tell us ...（想要告诉我们），write this passage to（写这篇文章为了）迅速确定题型。 设题方式： What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? The purpose of the text is to get more people to ． The writer of the story wants to tell us that ． The fact ... is mentioned by the author to show ． The author writes the last paragraph in order to ． 解题指导： 记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开（to tell a story, to entertain readers, to share an experience...）； 应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言（to sell, to attract, to persuade, to promote...） 说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句（to introduce, to explain, to inform, to make comparisons...）； 议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。 知识点3 推断观点态度 锁定关键词： 根据题干中表达情感的形容词、副词、动词或介词短语等，如attitude（态度），outstanding（ 优秀的，突出的），disagree（不同意），hopefully（有希望的）,against（反对）, in favor of（赞成）, 迅速确定题型。 设题方式： The attitude of the author towards something is ． The writer of the passage seems to think that ． What's the author's opinion on ...? What do we know about ... in the passage? What does the author think about ...？ 解题指导： (1)注意作者或文中人物的措辞：①分析字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；②留意相关氛围的语言及表达情感态度或观点的词句，这些常流露于修饰语之中；③结合英语国家的文化传统或风俗习惯等背景知识进行合理推断。 (2)牢记观点态度的常见词语： 附注：英语阅读理解中表示作者态度的高频词汇 观点态度 例词 positive (积极的)、supportive (支持的)、optimistic (乐观的)、concerned 关心的 humorous(幽默的)、enthusiastic(热情的)、pleasant (愉快的)；subjective 主观的 neutral (中立的)、objective(客观的)、not mentioned(未提及的)、unconcerned 不关心的、uninterested(不感兴趣的)、indifferent(漠不关心的)；conservative 保守的 negative(否定的)、suspicious/skeptical(怀疑的)、disgusted(憎恶的) critical(批评的)、disappointed(失望的)、disapproving(不赞成的)、puzzled/ confused 困惑的、pessimistic 悲观的 知识点4 推断文章出处和目标读者 设题方式: This passage would be most likely to be found in ． The passage is probably taken from ． Were does this text probably come from? Which section of a magazine is this passage probably taken from? The text is intended for ． 解题指导： (1) 根据文章的话题和细节确定文章出处或写作对象 (2) 根据文章的体裁和内容判断文章的中心话题 广告：语言简洁鲜明，有亮点； 报刊：时事性强，分不同板块，高考中常以政治、生活的话题为主； 杂志：覆盖生活各个层面，更贴近幕后，更贴近生活； 产品说明书：对某产品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介绍； 药品说明：说明药品的服用时间、次数、药量、禁忌等； 网络：文体不限，找到click here，download，up­load，link，mouse, surf等网络标志 考向1 逻辑分析推断隐含意义 （2026年普陀区一模） Becoming a Birder Last September, I drove to a protected wetland near my home in Oakland, and walked to the end of a pier and started looking at birds. Since then, my birding obsession has progressed at an alarming pace. I’ve seen 452 species, including 307 this year alone. Birding has proved more absorbing and peace-bringing than mindful reflection. While birding, I seem impervious to heat, cold, hunger and thirst. My senses focus firmly on the present, and the usual buzz in my head becomes quiet. When I spot a species for the first time, I course with thrill while being entirely at peace. 38. Which of the following descriptions is closest to a birder’s state of mind according to the passage? A. Watching nature documentaries to feel close to wild birds. B. Long-distance jogging in the woods to train for a marathon. C. Fishing by a local pond engaged in the process of observation. D. Travelling miles with the goal of checking a rare species off a list. （2026年松江区一模） Handled in a smart way, some of AI’s electricity use will help with greening the economy. AI is highly capable of identifying complex patterns and improving systems, which can help reduce emissions. It is already helping improve the efficiency of electrical networks with real-time balance of supply and demand. Besides, it has assisted in reducing petrol consumption in shipping through adjusting routes and speeds to the fittest, and spotting leaks of methane (a greenhouse gas) by cooperating with satellites and ground sensors. 44. We can learn from paragraph 3 that________. A. energy used by AI would otherwise realize a green economy B. energy saving in shipping is partly due to AI-improved routes C. AI’s real-time management has raised electricity consumption D. methane leak detection done by AI can be sensed by satellites （2026年奉贤区一模） 41. What can be inferred from the guidebook? A. Those who book their tickets online can enjoy a small discount. B. Visitors can expect the One o’clock Gun to be fired all year round. C. Parents with 2 kids (aged 15,10) do not qualify for a Family Ticket. D. Tourists can enjoy a completely level route throughout the whole visit. （2026年长宁区一模） 12-24 years Adolescence marks a return to the nerve flexibility and plasticity that characterized her preschool years. But she’s not living in a protected context. A reliance on the amygdala—a center for emotions, urges, and instinctive behaviors—might result in trademark “risk-taking. ” 42. Suppose you are a 17-year-old hoping to boost creativity before university. Which of the following schedules would best match your brain’s current features according to the passage? A. Start a gap year to tour three countries along a fixed route. B. Do the same writing drill to improve writing skills each day. C. Join an AI workshop to pilot various original robot projects. D. Take a part-time tutoring job to earn extra money regularly. 考向2 文体特点推断写作意图 （2026年奉贤区一模） 1. Visitors access the castle over a wooden-board bridge. 2. Upon entering the castle,there is a set of adapted toilets to your left, and the ticket office to your right — both reached over an uneven cobbled (铺有鹅卵石的) surface. 3. You enter the castle from a steep winding route. It is 15 degrees at its steepest point,the average is five degrees and it is approximate ly 350 m from entering the castle to the top level at Crown Square. It is surfaced with cobbles,which can be uneven. 42. The main purpose of this passage is to_________. A. promote the castle’s cafes and souvenir shops B. tell the dramatic story of the castle’s past battles C. offer the overview of the castle’s physical layout D. describe the historical significance of the castle （2026年崇明区一模） Home > Student home Support and advice STUDENT SUPPORT AND ADVICE Need assistance? Whether it’s a simple question or more in-depth support, there’s a variety of help on hand for you while studying. STUDENT CENTRE If you’re not sure who to contact, start at the Student Centre. The Student Centre is a first point of contact for support and advice. We can help with quick queries (疑问), advice on managing your money, private housing issues, or help with any disability or mental health related queries. Based in the Student Centre you will find: ·Student Support Team ·Disability Services ·Open Door STUDENT SUPPORT TEAM Based in the Student Centre, the Student Support Team can direct you to support around money management, student finance queries, information on private housing and academic progress issues. How to contact our Student Support Team 40. What is the main purpose of the webpage? A. To advertise university facilities. B. To provide academic course information. C. To explain emergency procedures. D. To offer access to student support services. （2026年闵行区一模） Students: ? ①Always start by asking your teacher if you can use GenAI on the work you are assigned. ②Be sure to track your usage of the tool. You can do this by copying and pasting your conversation into a Word or Google document. ③Always cite the tool when you submit your assignment. 41. Which of the following best fits in the blank “ ? ”? A. How to know If and When to Use GenAI B. How to Select Right GenAI Tools for Schoolwork C. How to Track and Report Your GenAI Activities D. How to Follow School Rules When Using GenAI 考向3 忠于措辞推断观点态度 （2026年崇明区一模） Despite their success, virtual influencers aren’t without controversy, with many expressing discomfort with the idea of “fake humans” interacting with the world as if they were real. As we look ahead, it’s worth asking: How will the world adjust to this new reality where digital beings exist alongside real humans? The answer, as always, lies in how we choose to use the tools we have been given. 39. What is the author’s attitude towards virtual influencers? A. Doubtful. B. Neutral. C. Strongly critical. D. Fully supportive. （2026年闵行区一模） Research is largely driven by commercial interests. Alpha is projected to be the world’s largest generation, with more than 2 billion members. By 2029, nearly $5.5 trillion will be spent on Alphas a year, predicts McCrindle’s research firm. That presents an opportunity for businesses, and for the marketing firms that advise “how to prepare for Gen Alpha”. Restrictions on marketing to youngsters prevent many insights. Governments regulate advertisements aimed at minors and stop their personal data from being collected without parental permission. Some surveys about Gen Alpha are filled out by parents, who interpret their children’s habits. Many conclusions do not apply to the youngest members. 44. What can be inferred from the current research on Alphas mentioned in paragraphs 4 and 5? A. Its objectivity may be affected by commercial motivation. B. It is mainly conducted for academic exploration. C. The sample size used in the research process is limited. D. Legal restrictions make the findings more reliable. （2026年宝山区一模） Some psychologists say that community art — art made to be displayed free of charge in a particular community can make a big difference. Unlike the wild graffiti that many people consider something very ugly and offensive, community art can bring people together and encourage respect. In the U.S. city of Philadelphia, for example, psychologists are doing a citywide project where mental health patients work with average people to paint murals. The aim of this project is to reduce the stigma of mental illness and promote a new dialogue about people who struggle with these issues. Art also makes neighborhoods more attractive and has a unique ability to open people up. Neighbors can share comments with one another about a recently painted mural, which can challenge their prejudices and open their eyes to the world. Generous financial support is provided for community art projects in many cities and towns. In the UK, the Arts Council England has invested nearly half a million dollars in community art. Some of it, for example, has paid for a new exhibition space created inside an old plant in the town of Brierfield. In the U.S., an organization called the Knight Foundation has invested millions of dollars in community projects, including many that focus on art. 39. How does the writer conclude this article about art? A. By showing its role in modern literature. B. By explaining why it has been attacked. C. By comparing it with other entertainment. D. By discussing how it is being funded. 考向4 语言特色推断文章出处和目标读者 （2025年松江区一模） Pickleball is now one of the fastest-growing sports, and it’s tons of fun. It is played on a badminton-sized court with a net at the center. Each end of the court has a kitchen (the non-volley zone; volley is a hit of the ball before it touches the ground). Follow these simple rules and I bet you’ll be out playing doubles pickleball in no time. 42. Where may you find this article? A. In a journal on sports science. B. From a profile of the sports’ inventor. C. At the “How-To” section of a sports website. D. On an official document of sports rule clarification. （2026年闵行区一模） What is AI’s Role in the Park Hill Classroom? AI’s purpose in our learning is to enhance, not replace, the effort put into your teaching and learning. Its use is intended to facilitate, not to complete tasks on your behalf. AI will offer tailored support to meet diverse learning needs, by breaking down complex concepts or summarizing information, thereby enriching the educational experience. 40. What’s the text mainly intended to do? A. Prepare schools for effective AI integration. B. Promote the responsible use of AI in education C. Support teaching management through AI tools. D. Ensure data privacy and safe, with AI tools. 考点二 考查阅读理解主旨大意 （2026 年杨浦区一模 A 篇 39 题） For now, Xu, 41, is proud of the small changes she sees happening on Lombok, from the fishermen who now have a new way to earn an income to the school children who learn about sharks on tours with The Dorsal Effect. In the past decade, global demand for shark fins has declined — a promising result of conservation campaigns — but stricter government regulation is needed. 39. The main idea of the passage can be concluded as _________. A. an eco-friendly way of living for fishermen worldwide B. an innovative ecotourism venture to help tackle shark fishing C. a personal journey from a water sport enthusiast to a marine researcher D. a successful business model to combine conservation with education 命题解读 新考法：聚焦 “问题 - 解决方案 - 双重影响”（环保 + 民生）的逻辑链，主旨需涵盖 “创新举措” 与 “多重意义”，而非单纯概括事件，强调主旨的全面性与深度。 新角度：答案依据：全文围绕 “Kathy Xu 创办生态旅游项目，解决鲨鱼捕捞问题，兼顾环保与渔民收入” （2026 年长宁区一模 A 篇 39 题） In 2016, psychologist Macnamara analyzed 33 studies. She looked at the relationship between intentional practice and athletic achievement. Intentional practice accounted for just 18 percent of the difference in sports performance between average players and experts, and it accounts for only 1 percent of the difference between top performers. In addition, top performers hadn’t started practicing their sport earlier in their childhoods. They had begun about the same time as other students who were not as successful. This suggests that other factors, like natural talent, personality and life history, also play a role in becoming an expert. Becoming an expert is a great goal to work toward. But remember, you don’t have to be great at something to enjoy doing it. You can still enjoy something without being the best in the world at it. 39. What does the writer mainly convey in the passage? A. The 10,000-hour rule covers sports but not music. B. Having fun in activities depends on expert skills. C. Reaching the top requires more than practice. D. Practice alone is enough to ensure greatness, 命题解读 新考法：议论文主旨考察 “论点 + 论据” 的核心整合，需反驳传统认知（单纯练习决定成功），提炼作者核心观点（多重因素决定成功），突出 “质疑 - 论证 - 结论” 的逻辑闭环。 新角度：答案依据：全文围绕 “一万小时定律的局限性，成为专家需天赋、坚持等多重因素” 知识点1 文章大意类 寻找主题句确定文章大意。主题句的位置一般有以下几种： (1)主题句出现在文首。文章开门见山，给出了主题句，随之用细节对其进行解释、支撑。 (2)主题句出现在文末。文章先表述细节，之后在文末归纳概括出主题。 (3)主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次升华主题。 (4)主题句出现在文章的中间。文章首先提出问题，对问题进行描述，讨论之后在文章的中间部分给出主题句，而后又做进一步的解释。 知识点2 段落大意类 通过结构或暗示概括段落大意。 (1)根据逻辑结构概括段落大意：要准确概括段落大意，务必知道该段落的逻辑结构。如该段为总分顺序组织，则主题句在段首；如该段为分总顺序组织，则主题句在段尾；如该段为分总分顺序组织，则主题句在段中；如该段对比各事物，则其异同点即为该段大意。 (2)通过暗示揣摩段落大意：有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。 知识点3 标题归纳类 三大方法定标题。①正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；②反面否定法：撇开原文，设想各选项写出来应是什么样的文章，然后和原文比对，逐一排除不符项；③研读备选项：认真研读备选项里的中心词、结构、概括性、修饰词的变化，查看与中心思想是否相符。 考向1 考查文章大意题 （2026年嘉定区一模） More troubling is the disrespectful attitude towards complex art that surfaces in Lewis’s writing. Her rude view on Joyce’s literature (“what-if novels, but harder to read”), her dislike for pioneering films, and her confession of finding the Beatles music “boring” imply that her problem with “genius” might partly be a personal hate for difficult art and its creators. Worse still, these dislikes go without strong proof. Her unjust claim that Picasso is admired because of his imperfection, not despite them, reads more like an angry opinion than reasoned argument. While some online fans might admire some superstars uncritically, true faith in innate genius has been weaker since the 1960s. Lewis jumps on a train that is already slowing. 46. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Society’s admiration for geniuses is dangerous. B. Lewis criticism of “the genius myth” is unconvincing. C. The public should hold a critical view on geniuses. D. Specific works instead of people should be admired. （2026年黄浦区一模） I love the way clouds float above my head. These ever-shifting sculptures of vapor (蒸气) and light are among nature’s least appreciated marvels. How exactly cloud cover will shift in a warming world is anyone’s guess. Clouds don’t just look different from one another; they also have very different effects on temperatures at the surface of the land or water below. These differences have to do with how much of the sun’s heat they allow through and how much of Earth’s heat they trap in. .......... If clouds are changing, then so should the way we study them. It requires all of us to look up and take notice. 46. What is the passage mainly about? A. Actionable climate solutions. B. Changes in how low and high clouds move. C. Links between clouds and global warming. D. Approaches to appreciating cloud beauty. （2026年宝山区一模） Over the past few years, areas in East Asia, North America and northern Europe have been colder than normal during some periods of winter. This has left many debating whether Earth is experiencing global warming or not, but scientists have shown that Earth’s warming trends are responsible. ............ Although heat and cold are considered opposites, in the case of climate, the former can cause the latter. 46. What is the main focus of the passage? A. The Relationship between Warming Earth and Colder Winters B. The Strange Phenomenon of Warming Earth with Colder Winters C. The Temperature Differences between the Arctic and Mid-latitude Areas D. The Potential Reasons for Earth Becoming Warmer and Warmer 考向2 考查段落大意类 （2026年普陀区一模） The progressive — and welcome — move here is that Harvey and Evans consider the whole experience of theatregoing, not just the play in isolation. A night at the theatre can be stressful: the rushed early dinner, the endless queue for the toilet, the squeeze into seats built for small-boned Victorians, and the inevitable head blocking your view. To shorten a show is not to lessen its artistry but to make it more humane, to harmonize art with the rhythms of modern life 45. What is the main idea of the 4th paragraph? A. The RSC is losing artistic value by shortening plays. B. The directors resolve to simplify Shakespeare’s language. C. The audience prefers watching plays online rather than in theatres. D. The theatre experience should consider audience comfort and modern lifestyles. 考向3 考查标题归纳类 （2026年松江区一模） The first is greater openness. From August 2026, the EU will require some AI developers to report their energy use in detail, which can be copied elsewhere. A second is to rethink how data centers operate. The IEA notes that arranging to shift volume of work among data centers at different times could reduce pressure and help balance energy networks, making them better matched to renewable power. Third, tech firms should live up to their environmental promises. Many now rely heavily on buying renewable-energy credits, a problematic way of balancing their emissions. A better one is to use their influence to promote the decarbonization of the energy networks by pushing for planning reform and supporting alternatives like nuclear power. Doubling down on these would help transform AI from climate suspect to climate hero. 46. What would be the best title for the passage? A. Technology’s Impact on Climate Change B. Government Regulations on AI and Energy C. AI’s Energy Demand and Tech Innovation D. AI’s Energy Consumption and Conservation （2026年崇明区一模） When you were a kid, you most likely had more friends than you do now. As you grew up, your friendship circle most likely grew smaller. You now have just a few really important friendships. One idea suggests that we become more selective about our friends because we become increasingly aware of our own mortality (生命的有限). In other words, we have future-oriented cognition (认知). However, a recent study suggests that our friendships may not actually be tied to thinking about the future. In this study, a team of researchers analyzed 78,000 hours of observations of 21 male chimpanzees (黑猩猩) made between 1995 and 2016. A unique feature of this study is the value that exists in the long-term collection of data. .......... Anyway, the new study gives valuable insight into how natural selection shapes social relationship strategies as we age, and it is also stimulating because it makes one reconsider the nature of how humans think and behave. Answering questions like this is difficult because humans live such a long time, but what’s important about this study is that it provides long-term data on known individuals that live a long time. By studying our evolutionary cousins, we can learn more about our own behavior. 46. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Aging and Friendship: A New Insight from Chimpanzees B. Future-Oriented Cognition: The Key to Friendships C. The Emotional Reactivity of Male Chimpanzees D. How Mortality Shapes Human Friendship （2026年静安区一模） Armed with his newfound insight into the birth of rocks, William walked the length and breadth of Great Britain with the intention of surveying and categorizing all the wonderfully different types of rocks that he found. It took William many years of frustration and hardship to draw a huge map of Great Britain by hand. The map, on display today at Burlington House in London, uses beautiful colors to show every layer of rock below in the most precise detail. Unique in its time, William’s map gave birth to every geological survey that we take for granted in the world today. 46. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage? A. How Fossil Patterns Revealed Ancient Seas B. The Man Who Uncovered the Earth’s Story C. The Encyclopedia Britannica and the Rise of Geology D. William Smith:From Miner to Master of Mapping 【语篇训练】 Passage 1 【来源】上海市徐汇区上海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期练习英语试题 Many nutrition experts say it’s important to enjoy your favorite holiday foods rather than trying to skip them. But you can make better choices and still satisfy your cravings if you know where the sneaky sugars, sodium, and fat hide. Here, we take a closer look at a few popular foods you’re likely to encounter this season to help you pick the right option for you. Cranberry sauce vs Gravy Choosing between these two turkey-toppers? Gravy is high in sodium (钠) (about 340 mg per 1/4cup) , but canned cranberry sauce packs 22 grams of added sugars — more than a slice of apple or pumpkin pie. And cranberry sauce has almost quadruple the calories of gravy. Mashed potatoes vs Sweet potato casserole Trying to pick a classic holiday side? Plain mashed potatoes (made with milk, butter, and a pinch of salt) are creamy but relatively moderate — about 160 calories and 60mg of sodium per 1/2 cup. But sweet potato casserole, often loaded with brown sugar, marshmallows, and butter, cranks up the sugar to around 18 grams per serving (nearly half the daily added sugar limit) and pushes calories to 250 or more. Spiral ham vs Roast beef Spiral ham is lean — but it has nitrates (硝酸盐) and nitrites (亚硝酸盐), which, when they interact with protein, create compounds that may cause cancer. Plus, ham is high in sodium: 990 mg. A lean cut of beef, like bottom round roast, has similar calories, less sodium, and no nitrates or nitrites. Panettone vs Fruit cake These traditional festival treats have similar calorie and sugar counts, and both contain dried fruit. But the colorful glacé (糖渍的) fruit often used in fruit cake is made with artificial dyes, including red#40, which will be banned by the end of 2026. Panettone typically doesn’t have those. 1．Which of the following is a better pick, according to the article? A．Cranberry sauce. B．Roast beef. C．Fruit cake. D．Sweet potato casserole. 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Sweet potato casserole contains less sugar than mashed potatoes. B．Spiral ham is fat, and therefore considered unhealthy for people. C．Fruit cakes contain artificial dyes and will be banned soon. D．Although gravy is high in sodium, it contains fewer calories. 3．Where can you most probably find this article? A．In an encyclopedia. B．In a consumer magazine. C．In a scientific journal. D．In a textbook about nutrition. Passage 2 【来源】2026年上海市普通高等学校招生全国统一招生考试模拟试题（未来教研之星标准学术能力测试） For over 15 years, Carlos Chaccour has researched a novel strategy to combat malaria: using ivermectin, a common antiparasitic (抗寄生虫的) drug, to make human blood toxic to mosquitoes that feed on it. His team’s recent large-scale trial in Kenya provides the first evidence that this approach can work at a community level. Participants received three monthly doses of ivermectin, which reduced malaria cases in children by about 26% over six months, compared to 22% of a control group given albendazole. This is considered a significant, high-quality indication of ivermectin’s potential, especially for school-aged children who often lack protection from bed nets. A  Chaccour counters that the Kenyan trial is a proof of concept, emphasizing the importance of high community coverage and timely distribution during peak mosquito breeding seasons. He suggests future enhancements, such as more doses or longer-lasting formulations, could improve efficacy. Additionally, ivermectin’s ability to treat other diseases like scabies adds value. B  Critics argue that a 26% reduction, while promising, is modest and may not justify widespread deployment, especially given current limitations: ivermectin cannot be given to pregnant women or young children, and prior large studies in Burkina Faso and Guinea-Bissau failed to show consistent benefits. Some experts believe that the small effect size and practical hurdles mean the approach might not be a viable standalone solution. C  The concept stems from Chaccour’s early discovery that ivermectin kills insects feeding on treated blood. Previous studies, including his 2010 research, demonstrated that mosquitoes feeding on blood from ivermectin-treated volunteers had higher death rates. However, translating this into a meaningful reduction in malaria has proven challenging, with earlier trials showing mixed results. The World Health Organization (WHO) currently does not recommend ivermectin for malaria control, citing the need for stronger evidence from multiple trials. Nonetheless, researchers agree that further well-designed studies are essential to determine whether ivermectin can become a useful tool in the global fight against malaria. 4．According to the 1st paragraph, it can be inferred that albendazole ________. A．has no effect on treatment of malaria B．shows poorer effect than ivermectin C．is a traditional drug against malaria D．poses less side effects than ivermectin 5．What is the proper order of Paragraph A, B, and C? A．C→B→A. B．B→A→C. C．C→A→B. D．B→C→A. 6．The main reason why critics oppose ivermectin is that ivermectin ______. A．isn’t much more effective than others B．shows potential safety issues in trials C．can only be used in limited situations D．has no capacity to independently cure malaria 7．What can be learned from WHO’s attitude towards ivermectin? A．WHO encourages more trials on severe patients as tests. B．WHO doesn’t regard ivermectin a potential useful drug. C．WHO will conduct more experiments to gain evidence. D．WHO is waiting for evidential supports on ivermectin. Passage 3 【来源】上海市南洋模范中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷 They’re still kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology. To the psychologists, sociologists, and generational and media experts who study them, their digital gear sets this new group apart, even from their tech-savvy Millennial elders. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older siblings don’t quite get. These differences may appear slight, but they signal an all-encompassing sensibility that some say marks the dawning of a new generation. The contrast between Millennials and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen of California State University that he has declared the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the iGeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the tech-dominated life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennials he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, MySpace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they warrant the distinction of a new generation, which he has dubbed the “iGeneration”. “The technology is the easiest way to see it, but it’s also a mindset, and the mindset goes with the little ‘I’, which I’m talking to stand for ‘individualized’,” Rosen says. “Everything is defined and individualized to ‘me’. My music choices are defined to ‘me’. What I watch on TV any instant is defined to ‘me’.” He says the iGeneration includes today’s teens and middle-schoolers, but it’s too soon to tell about elementary-school ages and younger. Rosen says the iGeneration believes anything is possible. “If they can think of it, somebody probably has or will invent it,” he says. “They expect innovation.” They have high expectations that whatever they want or can use “will be able to be tailored to their own needs and wishes and desires.” Rosen says portability is key. They are inseparable from their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected — even in class, where cellphones are supposedly banned. Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens survive distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.” Because these kids are more immersed and at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change significantly. “The growth curve on the use of technology with children is exponential (指数的), and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think,” Rosen says. “We have to give them options because they want their world individualized.” 8．Compared with their Millennial elders, the iGeneration kids ________. A．communicate with others by high-tech methods continually B．prefer to live a virtual life than a real one C．are equipped with more modem digital techniques D．know more on technology than their elders 9．Which of the following is true about the iGeneration according to Rosen? A．This generation is crazy about inventing and creating new things. B．Everything must be adapted to the peculiar need of the generation. C．This generation catches up with the development of technology. D．High-tech such as wireless devices goes with the generation. 10．Rosen’s findings suggest that technology ________. A．has an obvious effect on the function of iGeneration’s brain development B．has greatly affected the iGeneration’s behaviors and academic performance C．has no significantly negative effect on iGeneration’s mental and intellectual development D．has caused distraction problems on iGeneration which affect their daily performance. 11．According to the passage, education has to _________. A．adapt its system to the need of the new generation B．use more technologies to cater for the iGeneration C．risk its system to certain extent for the iGeneration D．be conducted online for iGeneration’s individualized need Passage 4 【来源】上海市徐汇区上海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期练习一英语试题 Daydreaming, or mind-wandering, is generally seen by teachers as an undesirable activity. And yet, on average, we daydream nearly 47% of our waking hours. If our brain spends nearly half of our awake time doing it, there is probably a good reason why. Research shows that there are three types of daydreaming. The first is “guilty dysphoric” daydreaming, when we either keep thinking about a negative past experience or imagine the worst possible outcomes for the future. Then there is “poor attentional control,” where a person struggles to focus on a particular thought or task. These two kinds of daydreaming don’t have identifiable benefits. But the third type, “positive constructive daydreaming (PCD),” where we cast our mind forward and imagine future possibilities in a creative, positive way, can be quite beneficial. Helpful for planning and creativity, PCD is the bridge that links our internal observations with the forecasting required for future exploration. Inner reflection, not external drivers, is believed to empower humanity to direct their own lives and lead themselves. Inner reflection arises from consciousness, which is considered inseparable from thinking and represents an integral awareness of the working of our own mind. Open observation of our internal consciousness paved the way for curious exploration of our external world. The part of our brain most often associated with daydreaming is called the “default mode network” (DMN). The term “default mode” refers to the part of our brain associated with our resting state and is responsible for our ability to reflect on our own consciousness and internal narrative. The DMN is a system active during reflective activities like daydreaming, and quiet when focused mental effort is required. The DMN also connects many brain regions, impacting a host of other activity patterns. But more interesting and somewhat mysterious, the DMN is responsible for much of our abstract conceptual thought — the reflective, self-aware kind that separates us from animals — and it recalls and constructs social contexts to help us make meaning of our life. While the DMN can become disturbed during mental decline, PCD can actually thicken the cerebral cortex, or what’s known as our brain’s gray matter, the thinning of which is associated with the mental decline of aging. Though this link isn’t fully understood yet, we know that a well-functioning DMN — where we cast our mind’s eye forward in time or reflect on our past experience (as in PCD) — plays a central role in our healthy mental functioning, in areas like memory strengthening, planning, and self-control. Despite the benefits, we are conditioning daydreaming out of our kids — and in turn, out of our adult lives as well. Most schools place such a strong emphasis on an assumption of high attentional demand that they’ve failed to balance the potential benefit of PCD’s “constructive internal reflection”. Rather than criticizing daydreaming, we should protect it, cultivate it, and honor it. People who daydream are more reflective, have a deeper sense of sympathy, and show more moral decision-making. And ultimately, children who are more reflective, sympathetic, and moral grow up to be the adults who build a more just society. 12．Why is daydreaming generally seen as an undesirable activity by teachers? A．Because children spend too much time daydreaming. B．Because just one type of daydreaming brings benefits. C．Because schools like kids with good attentional control. D．Because few children are capable of engaging in PCD． 13．Which of the following is a benefit of daydreaming? A．Showing inner reflection on our mindset and creativity. B．Promoting curiosity about exploring the external world. C．Providing direct empowerment for future possibilities. D．Encouraging reflection and sympathy at a social level. 14．What are the characteristics of DMN? ①Active during daydreaming and reflection. ②Examining mental health with abstract thought. ③Connecting brain regions and aiding thinking. ④Countering age-related changes in the brain. ⑤Supporting self-awareness and imagination. ⑥Systematically analyzing relevant social contexts. ⑦Taking a back seat when attention is needed. A．①③⑤⑦ B．①②④⑤ C．①③④⑥ D．①②⑥⑦ 15．Which can be the best title of the passage? A．Daydreaming: Teachers’ Poison, Kids’ Meat B．Why Daydreaming is So Good for You C．Develop Daydreaming Constructively D．Build a Just Society with Daydreaming Passage 5 【来源】上海市徐汇区上海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期练习一英语试题 Four Things You Need to KnowPeople are flick flocking to see this… It’s the breathtaking sunrise from the Great Ridge in the Peak District. This region is used to crowds, but recently, large numbers of people, inspired by widely shared video posts, have been arriving at Hope Valley early in the morning, and on occasion this has made it tricky for people trying to use the narrow roads below. At times, double parking has blocked emergency access, and some days have seen authorities hand out up to 400 parking tickets. Our advice? Park properly in the car parks or take the bus, and allow extra time to get to the top. There’s big news for Scottish wildlife The Scottish Wildlife Trust has just bought its largest ever site: the 7618-hectare Inverbroom Estate, eight miles south of Ullapool in the Highlands. The £17.5 million deal was made possible by the largest donation in the charity’s history, and the land consists of wetland, woodland and lakes, and hosts a range of wildlife, including seals and ptarmigan (雷鸟). There’s a boar (野猪) war on Dartmoor Numerous wild boar sightings in Dartmoor National Park have led to suspicious that someone has rewilded the animals illegally. It’s thought that there have been boar running free in Devon for some time, but there has been an increase in reported interactions recently, with videos being posted online. Some walkers are concerned the boar may become aggressive, but many environmentalists believe the animals should be allowed to return to their natural habitat-boar used to wander across the country, but were hunted to extinction in the UK in the 17th century. This is back… And it’s been a long time coming. The Cairngorm Mountain Railway is open again, after six or so years of repair work. It’s the highest railway in Britain, taking people up to Ptarmigan Station on the side of Cairngorm Mountain at almost 1100 metres, where you’ll find Britain’s highest restaurant and bar. Only hikers on guided walks can exit the station onto the mountain-although we are allowed to buy downhill-only tickets for £11. In 2018 it had to close due to structural problems with the track. It reopened in January 2023, but had to shut again that August. Now it runs seven days a week, weather permitting. 16．Which is the closest in meaning to the underlined expression “flick flocking”? A．flooding B．guided C．demanding D．advised 17．Alex is a hiker who loves magnificent natural views and an environmentalist who advocates the release of boar into the wild. He is planning to propose to his girlfriend at the highest restaurant in Britain. Where will he take her? A．The Great Ridge B．Inverbroom Estate C．Dartmoor National Park D．Ptarmigan Station 18．Why does the writer want people to know the four things? A．To provide them with travel advice for each destination. B．To urge them to engage in environmental conservation. C．To inform them of the UK’s progress in wildlife protection. D．To update them on recent news about nature and hiking. Passage 6 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期第二次周测英语试题 Decoding Energy Labels When shopping for a large appliance, it’s natural to focus on the purchase price. But another important factor is how much the machine will add to your utility bills. Reading the EnergyGuide label closely could save you hundreds of dollars. Here’s what to look for. * Yellow numbers are circled. a．This shows how much energy in kilowatt hours the appliance uses in one year. For a washing machine, for example, this estimate is based on the average energy used per wash cycle multiplied by the number of cycles run per year. The label uses national averages — but electricity rates vary by location, so also look at the bulleted information below it to help you estimate your actual costs. b．If you have a natural gas appliance, refer to this number. c．This scale helps you compare the model you’re considering to others of the same type. The closer the arrow is to the left, the more energy efficient(and cost-efficient) the appliance is. d．This is the approximate amount you’ll pay for the model over one year. It takes into account both the amount of energy required to operate the appliance and to heat water, if that’s required. 19．This passage probably belongs to a magazine section called _________. A．Product Spotlight B．Tech Update C．Deal Finder D．Money Saver 20．The descriptions (a-d) in the box are in the wrong order. Which of the following shows their correct order from ① to ④? A．d-a-c-b B．b-c-a-d C．b-a-c-d D．a-d-b-d 21．Which of the following is true about the bullet points in the label? A．They reflect your actual usage or rates. B．They detail what the estimates are based on. C．LG Electronics isn’t certified with Energy Star. D．Yellow numbers means standard washing procedures. 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司6 / 31 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读理解推理题、主旨题 目录 01 析·考情精解 2 02 构·知能架构 3 03 破·考点攻坚 4 考点一 考查阅读理解推理判断 4 考向1 考查逻辑分析推断隐含意义 7 考向2 考查文体特点推断写作意图 8 考向3 考查忠于措辞推断观点态度 9 考向4 考查语言特色推断文章出处和目标读者 10 考点二 考查阅读理解主旨大意 12 考向1 考查文章大意题 13 考向2 考查段落大意题 15 考向3 考查标题归纳题 17 26年各区一模命题透视 1. 推理题占比约 20%-25%，侧重考查隐含信息推断，如作者态度、观点倾向、逻辑结论、深层含义等，例：2025 黄浦区 39 题（Caprio 法官的司法理念）、2026 青浦区 39 题（作者对女儿的期待）。 2. 主旨大意题占比约 10%-15%，涵盖全文主旨、段落主旨、标题概括，多要求对文章核心内容的整体把握，例：2026 杨浦区 39 题（文章主旨）、2025 嘉定区 39 题（标题选择）。 3. 推理题需依托原文信息链推导，禁止过度解读；主旨题需避开 “细节干扰项”“片面概括项”。 26年各区一模考点总结 1. 推理题核心考点： - 态度推断（作者 / 文中人物的情感、立场）； - 逻辑推断（因果、转折、对比后的隐含结论）； - 细节推断（基于具体信息推导深层含义）。 2. 主旨大意题核心考点： - 全文主旨（概括核心事件、观点或说明对象）； - 段落主旨（某段核心功能或观点）； - 标题选择（简洁性 + 全面性，贴合核心内容）。 2026高考 命题预测 1. 推理题会更强调 “逻辑链完整性”，命题可能结合多段信息整合推断，增加对 “观点隐含逻辑” 的考查，而非单一细节推导。 2. 主旨大意题会侧重 “文章结构分析”，如总分、对比、问题 - 解决方案等结构，要求通过结构把握核心，减少对个别细节的依赖。 3. 选项设计会更注重 “概括精准度”，干扰项可能为 “局部细节放大”“主题偏离”，需强化对文章核心话题的提炼能力。 考点一 考查阅读理解推理判断 （2026 年黄浦区一模 A 篇 39 题） Judge Caprio, who retired from Providence Municipal Court in 2023 after almost 40 years, said his courtroom was where people and cases were met with kindness and sympathy. ........ “He was more than an expert in law — he was a symbol of understanding as a judge, showing us what is possible when justice is tempered with humanity.” Gov. Dan McKee of Rhode Island said in a statement after Judge Caprio’s death in August, 2025. 39. Judge Caprio believed that_________. A. justice could be both firm and caring B. the law should treat the elderly with mercy C. a troubled childhood could drive one to pursue D. trial live-streaming was a great way to gain fame 命题解读 新考法：整合人物公开表述与他人评价，推断核心信念（正义 + 人文关怀），需跨段落提炼逻辑，而非单一细节推理，强调 “观点 + 例证” 的整合推断。 新角度：答案依据：第一段 “his courtroom was where people and cases were met with kindness and sympathy”+ 最后一段 “justice is tempered with humanity” 【答案】 39. A 推理判断题。根据第一段“Judge Caprio, who retired from Providence Municipal Court in 2023 after almost 40 years, said his courtroom was where people and cases were met with kindness and sympathy. (卡普里奥法官于2023年从普罗维登斯市法院退休，任职近 40 年。他表示，自己法庭始终以善意与同情对待每一个人和每一起案件。)”、最后一段中“He was more than an expert in law — he was a symbol of understanding as a judge, showing us what is possible when justice is tempered with humanity. (他不仅仅是一位法律专家——作为一名法官，他是理解的象征，向我们展示了当正义与人性相结合时可能发生的事情。)”可知，卡普里奥法官认为正义既可以是坚定的，也可以是充满关怀的。故选A。 （2026 年青浦区一模 A 篇 39 题） Last summer, I took my daughter to that same overlook. The side rail had faded, but she peered over the edge, her small hand holding mine. “Daddy,” she whispered, “what’s on the other side?” I thought of all the answers I could give — the science of ocean currents, the geography of distant shores, even Columbus’s certainty. Instead, I knelt beside her and said, “No one knows for sure. That’s why we keep looking.” The wind carried our voices out to sea as the waves continued their endless work below, carving new edges for new generations. Some truths aren’t meant to be taught, but discovered — often at the cliff edge of what we think we know. When my daughter eventually stands at her own cliff edge, I hope she remembers this moment not as an ending, but as the first real question. 39. What did the author imply when he replied to his daughter’s question in that way? A. The waves were so noisy that they made any further conversation impossible. B. His daughter was too young to understand the facts about currents or Columbus. C. He wanted his daughter to keep exploring rather than accept ready-made answers. D. Contemporary science has not provided reliable data about the ocean and the cliff. 命题解读 新考法：通过人物对话推断深层意图（鼓励探索而非灌输答案），结合文章主旨（真理需探索），突出 “对话细节 + 主旨逻辑” 的双重推导，考察隐含情感与价值观。 新角度：答案依据：最后一段 “No one knows for sure. That’s why we keep looking... some truths aren’t meant to be taught, but discovered” 【答案】39. C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中““Daddy,” she whispered, “what’s on the other side?” I thought of all the answers I could give — the science of ocean currents, the geography of distant shores, even Columbus’s certainty. Instead, I knelt beside her and said, “No one knows for sure. That’s why we keep looking.” The wind carried our voices out to sea as the waves continued their endless work below, carving new edges for new generations. Some truths aren’t meant to be taught, but discovered — often at the cliff edge of what we think we know. When my daughter eventually stands at her own cliff edge, I hope she remembers this moment not as an ending, but as the first real question.(“爸爸，”她低声说，“那边是什么？”我想到了所有我能给出的答案——洋流的科学，遥远海岸的地理，甚至哥伦布的确定性。相反，我蹲在她身边说：‘没有人确切知道。这就是我们不断寻找的原因。’风把 我们的声音带到了海上，海浪在下面继续着它们无尽的工作，为新一代雕刻新的边缘。有些真理不是用来教的，而是用来发现的——通常在我们自认为知道的悬崖边缘。当我女儿最终站在她自己的悬崖边缘时，我希望她记住这一刻不是一个结束，而是第一个真正的问题。)”可知，作者这样回答女儿的问题，是想让女儿不断探索，而不是接受现成的答案。故选C。 知识点1 推断隐含意义 锁定关键词： 根据题干关键词infer（推断），suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出结论）, indicate（暗示，象征）, imply（暗示）, assume(假定，设想)迅速确定题型 设题方式： It can be inferred from the passage that ． The author implied（suggested）that．．． ． It can be concluded from the passage that ． The writer indicates/implies/suggests that ． 解题指导： (1)抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断；(2)整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须以文章所提供的事实内容为依据，切忌凭空想象。 知识点2 推断写作意图 锁定关键词： 根据题干关键词purpose（目的），intend to（打算），want to tell us ...（想要告诉我们），write this passage to（写这篇文章为了）迅速确定题型。 设题方式： What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? The purpose of the text is to get more people to ． The writer of the story wants to tell us that ． The fact ... is mentioned by the author to show ． The author writes the last paragraph in order to ． 解题指导： 记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开（to tell a story, to entertain readers, to share an experience...）； 应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言（to sell, to attract, to persuade, to promote...） 说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句（to introduce, to explain, to inform, to make comparisons...）； 议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。 知识点3 推断观点态度 锁定关键词： 根据题干中表达情感的形容词、副词、动词或介词短语等，如attitude（态度），outstanding（ 优秀的，突出的），disagree（不同意），hopefully（有希望的）,against（反对）, in favor of（赞成）, 迅速确定题型。 设题方式： The attitude of the author towards something is ． The writer of the passage seems to think that ． What's the author's opinion on ...? What do we know about ... in the passage? What does the author think about ...？ 解题指导： (1)注意作者或文中人物的措辞：①分析字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；②留意相关氛围的语言及表达情感态度或观点的词句，这些常流露于修饰语之中；③结合英语国家的文化传统或风俗习惯等背景知识进行合理推断。 (2)牢记观点态度的常见词语： 附注：英语阅读理解中表示作者态度的高频词汇 观点态度 例词 支持肯定 positive (积极的)、supportive (支持的)、optimistic (乐观的)、concerned 关心的 humorous(幽默的)、enthusiastic(热情的)、pleasant (愉快的)；subjective 主观的 中立 neutral (中立的)、objective(客观的)、not mentioned(未提及的)、unconcerned 不关心的、uninterested(不感兴趣的)、indifferent(漠不关心的)；conservative 保守的 否定反对 negative(否定的)、suspicious/skeptical(怀疑的)、disgusted(憎恶的) critical(批评的)、disappointed(失望的)、disapproving(不赞成的)、puzzled/ confused 困惑的、pessimistic 悲观的 知识点4 推断文章出处和目标读者 设题方式: This passage would be most likely to be found in ． The passage is probably taken from ． Were does this text probably come from? Which section of a magazine is this passage probably taken from? The text is intended for ． 解题指导： (1) 根据文章的话题和细节确定文章出处或写作对象 (2) 根据文章的体裁和内容判断文章的中心话题 广告：语言简洁鲜明，有亮点； 报刊：时事性强，分不同板块，高考中常以政治、生活的话题为主； 杂志：覆盖生活各个层面，更贴近幕后，更贴近生活； 产品说明书：对某产品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介绍； 药品说明：说明药品的服用时间、次数、药量、禁忌等； 网络：文体不限，找到click here，download，up­load，link，mouse, surf等网络标志 考向1 逻辑分析推断隐含意义 （2026年普陀区一模） Becoming a Birder Last September, I drove to a protected wetland near my home in Oakland, and walked to the end of a pier and started looking at birds. Since then, my birding obsession has progressed at an alarming pace. I’ve seen 452 species, including 307 this year alone. Birding has proved more absorbing and peace-bringing than mindful reflection. While birding, I seem impervious to heat, cold, hunger and thirst. My senses focus firmly on the present, and the usual buzz in my head becomes quiet. When I spot a species for the first time, I course with thrill while being entirely at peace. 38. Which of the following descriptions is closest to a birder’s state of mind according to the passage? A. Watching nature documentaries to feel close to wild birds. B. Long-distance jogging in the woods to train for a marathon. C. Fishing by a local pond engaged in the process of observation. D. Travelling miles with the goal of checking a rare species off a list. 【答案】 38. C 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句、第三句“While birding, I seem impervious to heat, cold, hunger and thirst. My senses focus firmly on the present, and the usual buzz in my head becomes quiet. (观鸟时，我似乎对冷热浑然不觉。我的感官牢牢聚焦于当下，脑海中的日常纷扰也随之安静下来。)以及第四段最后一句“But in the past six months, I’ve seen soaring golden eagles and marveled at diving Pacific loons, all within an hour of my house. (但在过去的六个月里，我亲眼目睹了翱翔的金雕，也为俯冲入水的太平洋潜鸟惊叹不已，这一切都发生在我家一小时车程的范围内。)”对自然细节的关注可知，观鸟者的状态是沉浸于观察过程中。C选项“在家附近的池塘边钓鱼，专注于观察过程”最符合文中描述的专注、沉浸、观察自然的状态。故选C项。 （2026年松江区一模） Handled in a smart way, some of AI’s electricity use will help with greening the economy. AI is highly capable of identifying complex patterns and improving systems, which can help reduce emissions. It is already helping improve the efficiency of electrical networks with real-time balance of supply and demand. Besides, it has assisted in reducing petrol consumption in shipping through adjusting routes and speeds to the fittest, and spotting leaks of methane (a greenhouse gas) by cooperating with satellites and ground sensors. 44. We can learn from paragraph 3 that________. A. energy used by AI would otherwise realize a green economy B. energy saving in shipping is partly due to AI-improved routes C. AI’s real-time management has raised electricity consumption D. methane leak detection done by AI can be sensed by satellites 【答案】 44. B 推理题。根据第三段“Besides, it has assisted in reducing petrol consumption in shipping through adjusting routes and speeds to the fittest, and spotting leaks of methane (a greenhouse gas) by cooperating with satellites and ground sensors.(此外，它还通过调整航线和航速来帮助减少航运中的汽油消耗，并通过与卫星和地面传感器合作来发现甲烷的泄漏)”可知，航运业节约了很多能源部分原因是由于人工智能改善了航线。故选B项。 （2026年奉贤区一模） 41. What can be inferred from the guidebook? A. Those who book their tickets online can enjoy a small discount. B. Visitors can expect the One o’clock Gun to be fired all year round. C. Parents with 2 kids (aged 15,10) do not qualify for a Family Ticket. D. Tourists can enjoy a completely level route throughout the whole visit. 【答案】 41. A 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据表格中“Adults (aged 16-)(成人（16岁-）)”、“Children (aged 7-15)(儿童（7-15岁）)”对应的“Online price(在线价格)”和“Walk-up price(现场价格)”可知，成人在线价£21.50，现场价£24.00；儿童在线价£13.00，现场价£14.50。在线订票比现场购票更便宜，即能享受折扣。故选A。 （2026年长宁区一模） 12-24 years Adolescence marks a return to the nerve flexibility and plasticity that characterized her preschool years. But she’s not living in a protected context. A reliance on the amygdala—a center for emotions, urges, and instinctive behaviors—might result in trademark “risk-taking. ” 42. Suppose you are a 17-year-old hoping to boost creativity before university. Which of the following schedules would best match your brain’s current features according to the passage? A. Start a gap year to tour three countries along a fixed route. B. Do the same writing drill to improve writing skills each day. C. Join an AI workshop to pilot various original robot projects. D. Take a part-time tutoring job to earn extra money regularly. 【答案】 42. C 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据“12-24 years”部分中的“Adolescence marks a return to the nerve flexibility and plasticity that characterized her preschool years. But she’s not living in a protected context. A reliance on the amygdala—a center for emotions, urges, and instinctive behaviors—might result in trademark “risk - taking.(青春期标志着神经灵活性和可塑性的回归，这是她学龄前时期的特点。但她并不是生活在一个受保护的环境中。依赖杏仁核——一个情感、冲动和本能行为的中心——可能会导致标志性的“冒险行为”。)”可知，17岁属于青春期，大脑具有神经灵活性和可塑性，适合进行一些有创造性和探索性的活动。A选项“开始一个间隔年，沿着固定路线游览三个国家”，固定路线缺乏探索性；B选项“每天做同样的写作练习来提高写作技能”，比较单一重复；D选项“定期做兼职家教工作来赚外快”，与提升创造力无关；C选项“参加人工智能研讨会，试点各种原创机器人项目”，具有创造性和探索性，符合大脑当前特征。故选C项。 考向2 文体特点推断写作意图 （2026年奉贤区一模） 1. Visitors access the castle over a wooden-board bridge. 2. Upon entering the castle,there is a set of adapted toilets to your left, and the ticket office to your right — both reached over an uneven cobbled (铺有鹅卵石的) surface. 3. You enter the castle from a steep winding route. It is 15 degrees at its steepest point,the average is five degrees and it is approximate ly 350 m from entering the castle to the top level at Crown Square. It is surfaced with cobbles,which can be uneven. 42. The main purpose of this passage is to_________. A. promote the castle’s cafes and souvenir shops B. tell the dramatic story of the castle’s past battles C. offer the overview of the castle’s physical layout D. describe the historical significance of the castle 【答案】 42. C 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由“1.Visitors access the castle over a wooden-board bridge.(1.游客需经由一座木板桥进入城堡。)”、“2.Upon entering the castle,there is a set of adapted toilets to your left, and the ticket office to your right — both reached over an uneven cobbled (铺有鹅卵石的) surface.(2.进入城堡后，你的左侧设有无障碍卫生间，右侧是售票处 —— 两处地点都位于凹凸不平的鹅卵石路面之上。)”可知，文章详细介绍了进入城堡的路线、城堡内各区域的位置、地面状况、特殊设施（如厕所、售票处）、景点（如一点钟炮、圣玛格丽特教堂等）以及离开城堡的方式等，整体是在提供城堡的物理布局概述，这也是该文章的目的。故选C。 （2026年崇明区一模） Home > Student home Support and advice STUDENT SUPPORT AND ADVICE Need assistance? Whether it’s a simple question or more in-depth support, there’s a variety of help on hand for you while studying. STUDENT CENTRE If you’re not sure who to contact, start at the Student Centre. The Student Centre is a first point of contact for support and advice. We can help with quick queries (疑问), advice on managing your money, private housing issues, or help with any disability or mental health related queries. Based in the Student Centre you will find: ·Student Support Team ·Disability Services ·Open Door STUDENT SUPPORT TEAM Based in the Student Centre, the Student Support Team can direct you to support around money management, student finance queries, information on private housing and academic progress issues. How to contact our Student Support Team 40. What is the main purpose of the webpage? A. To advertise university facilities. B. To provide academic course information. C. To explain emergency procedures. D. To offer access to student support services. 【答案】40. D 推理判断题。根据网页大标题STUDENT SUPPORT AND ADVICE及正文对STUDENT CENTRE、DISABILITY SERVICES、OPEN DOOR等各类支持服务的介绍可知，该网页的主要目的是提供学生支持服务的获取途径。故选D项。 （2026年闵行区一模） Students: ? ①Always start by asking your teacher if you can use GenAI on the work you are assigned. ②Be sure to track your usage of the tool. You can do this by copying and pasting your conversation into a Word or Google document. ③Always cite the tool when you submit your assignment. 41. Which of the following best fits in the blank “ ? ”? A. How to know If and When to Use GenAI B. How to Select Right GenAI Tools for Schoolwork C. How to Track and Report Your GenAI Activities D. How to Follow School Rules When Using GenAI 【答案】 41. A 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据空处后文“①Always start by asking your teacher if you can use GenAI on the work you are assigned.②Be sure to track your usage of the tool. You can do this by copying and pasting your conversation into a Word or Google document.③Always cite the tool when you submit your assignment.(①首先，请向你的老师询问是否可以将GenAI应用到你所布置的任务中。②务必记录你使用该工具的情况。你可以将对话内容复制粘贴到Word或Google文档中来进行记录。③在提交作业时，一定要注明使用了该工具)”可知，A选项“如何判断是否以及何时使用生成式人工智能”最适合填入。故选A。 考向3 忠于措辞推断观点态度 （2026年崇明区一模） Despite their success, virtual influencers aren’t without controversy, with many expressing discomfort with the idea of “fake humans” interacting with the world as if they were real. As we look ahead, it’s worth asking: How will the world adjust to this new reality where digital beings exist alongside real humans? The answer, as always, lies in how we choose to use the tools we have been given. 39. What is the author’s attitude towards virtual influencers? A. Doubtful. B. Neutral. C. Strongly critical. D. Fully supportive. 【答案】 39. B 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据第5段“Despite their success, virtual influencers aren’t without controversy(尽管虚拟网红们取得了成功，但他们也并非没有争议)”以及“The answer, as always, lies in how we choose to use the tools we have been given.(答案一如既往地取决于我们选择如何使用手中工具)”可知，作者既提到了虚拟网红的成功，也提及了争议，并未表达偏向性的观点，态度是中立的。故选B。 （2026年闵行区一模） Research is largely driven by commercial interests. Alpha is projected to be the world’s largest generation, with more than 2 billion members. By 2029, nearly $5.5 trillion will be spent on Alphas a year, predicts McCrindle’s research firm. That presents an opportunity for businesses, and for the marketing firms that advise “how to prepare for Gen Alpha”. Restrictions on marketing to youngsters prevent many insights. Governments regulate advertisements aimed at minors and stop their personal data from being collected without parental permission. Some surveys about Gen Alpha are filled out by parents, who interpret their children’s habits. Many conclusions do not apply to the youngest members. 44. What can be inferred from the current research on Alphas mentioned in paragraphs 4 and 5? A. Its objectivity may be affected by commercial motivation. B. It is mainly conducted for academic exploration. C. The sample size used in the research process is limited. D. Legal restrictions make the findings more reliable. 【答案】 44. A 推理判断题。根据第四段“Research is largely driven by commercial interests. (研究在很大程度上是由商业利益驱动的。)”及“That presents an opportunity for businesses, and for the marketing firms that advise “how to prepare for Gen Alpha”. (这为企业提供了机会，也为那些建议“如何为阿尔法时代做准备”的营销公司提供了机会。)”可知，关于阿尔法一代的研究主要受商业利益驱动，其客观性可能会受商业动机影响。故选A项。 （2026年宝山区一模） Some psychologists say that community art — art made to be displayed free of charge in a particular community can make a big difference. Unlike the wild graffiti that many people consider something very ugly and offensive, community art can bring people together and encourage respect. In the U.S. city of Philadelphia, for example, psychologists are doing a citywide project where mental health patients work with average people to paint murals. The aim of this project is to reduce the stigma of mental illness and promote a new dialogue about people who struggle with these issues. Art also makes neighborhoods more attractive and has a unique ability to open people up. Neighbors can share comments with one another about a recently painted mural, which can challenge their prejudices and open their eyes to the world. Generous financial support is provided for community art projects in many cities and towns. In the UK, the Arts Council England has invested nearly half a million dollars in community art. Some of it, for example, has paid for a new exhibition space created inside an old plant in the town of Brierfield. In the U.S., an organization called the Knight Foundation has invested millions of dollars in community projects, including many that focus on art. 39. How does the writer conclude this article about art? A. By showing its role in modern literature. B. By explaining why it has been attacked. C. By comparing it with other entertainment. D. By discussing how it is being funded. 【答案】 39. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Generous financial support is provided for community art projects in many cities and towns. In the UK, the Arts Council England has invested nearly half a million dollars in community art. Some of it, for example, has paid for a new exhibition space created inside an old plant in the town of Brierfield. In the U.S., an organization called the Knight Foundation has invested millions of dollars in community projects, including many that focus on art.(许多城市和城镇都得到了大量财政支持，用于开展社区艺术项目。在英国，英格兰艺术委员会已向社区艺术项目投入了近50万美元。其中一部分资金用于在布里尔菲尔德镇的一座旧工厂内建造一个新的展览空间。在美国，一个名为“奈特基金会”的组织已向社区项目投入了数百万美元，其中包括许多专注于艺术的项目)”可推知，作者通过探讨艺术的资助方式来为这篇文章作结。故选D。 考向4 语言特色推断文章出处和目标读者 （2025年松江区一模） Pickleball is now one of the fastest-growing sports, and it’s tons of fun. It is played on a badminton-sized court with a net at the center. Each end of the court has a kitchen (the non-volley zone; volley is a hit of the ball before it touches the ground). Follow these simple rules and I bet you’ll be out playing doubles pickleball in no time. 42. Where may you find this article? A. In a journal on sports science. B. From a profile of the sports’ inventor. C. At the “How-To” section of a sports website. D. On an official document of sports rule clarification. 【答案】 42. C 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Pickleball is now one of the fastest-growing sports, and it’s tons of fun. It is played on a badminton-sized court with a net at the center. Each end of the court has a kitchen (the non-volley zone; volley is a hit of the ball before it touches the ground). Follow these simple rules and I bet you’ll be out playing doubles pickleball in no time. (皮克球运动如今已成为发展最为迅速的体育项目之一，而且非常有趣。它在一块羽毛球大小的场地进行，场地中央设有网。场地的两端各有一个“非击球区”（即非击球区；击球时球必须先触地）。“遵循这些简单的规则，我敢保证你很快就能和伙伴们一起玩双人皮克球了。)”以及本文介绍匹克球这一热门运动的场地特点，重点讲解两项核心规则（双跳后可截击、失误终止回合），助力读者快速掌握双打玩法。可知，您可能在体育网站的“操作指南”板块找到这篇文章。故选C。 （2026年闵行区一模） What is AI’s Role in the Park Hill Classroom? AI’s purpose in our learning is to enhance, not replace, the effort put into your teaching and learning. Its use is intended to facilitate, not to complete tasks on your behalf. AI will offer tailored support to meet diverse learning needs, by breaking down complex concepts or summarizing information, thereby enriching the educational experience. 40. What’s the text mainly intended to do? A. Prepare schools for effective AI integration. B. Promote the responsible use of AI in education C. Support teaching management through AI tools. D. Ensure data privacy and safe, with AI tools. 【答案】40. B 推理判断题。根据第二段“AI’s purpose in our learning is to enhance, not replace, the effort put into your teaching and learning. Its use is intended to facilitate, not to complete tasks on your behalf. AI will offer tailored support to meet diverse learning needs, by breaking down complex concepts or summarizing information, thereby enriching the educational experience.(人工智能在我们的学习过程中的作用是增强而非取代您在教学与学习中所付出的努力。其应用旨在辅助而非替您完成任务。人工智能将根据不同的学习需求提供个性化的支持，通过分解复杂概念或总结信息等方式，从而丰富学习体验)”结合本文介绍生成式AI的定义与课堂辅助作用，强调数据隐私安全，明确学生使用AI的规则及合理、不当用法，倡导教育场景中负责任地使用AI。可知，文章的主要目的是指导教育场景下负责任地使用AI。故选B。 考点二 考查阅读理解主旨大意 （2026 年杨浦区一模 A 篇 39 题） For now, Xu, 41, is proud of the small changes she sees happening on Lombok, from the fishermen who now have a new way to earn an income to the school children who learn about sharks on tours with The Dorsal Effect. In the past decade, global demand for shark fins has declined — a promising result of conservation campaigns — but stricter government regulation is needed. 39. The main idea of the passage can be concluded as _________. A. an eco-friendly way of living for fishermen worldwide B. an innovative ecotourism venture to help tackle shark fishing C. a personal journey from a water sport enthusiast to a marine researcher D. a successful business model to combine conservation with education 命题解读 新考法：聚焦 “问题 - 解决方案 - 双重影响”（环保 + 民生）的逻辑链，主旨需涵盖 “创新举措” 与 “多重意义”，而非单纯概括事件，强调主旨的全面性与深度。 新角度：答案依据：全文围绕 “Kathy Xu 创办生态旅游项目，解决鲨鱼捕捞问题，兼顾环保与渔民收入” 【答案】39. B 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“ Xu, 41, is proud of the small changes she sees happening on Lombok, from the fishermen who now have a new way to earn an income to the school children who learn about sharks on tours with The Dorsal Effect. In the past decade, global demand for shark fins has declined — a promising result of conservation campaigns (41岁的Xu为她在龙目岛看到的微小变化感到自豪，从渔民现在有了新的收入来源，到学生们在The Dorsal Effect的旅行中了解了鲨鱼。在过去十年里，全球对鱼翅的需求下降了——这是保护运动的一个可喜的结果)”及通读全文可知，全文围绕Kathy Xu通过开展生态旅游项目，既帮助渔民摆脱鲨鱼捕捞的危险工作，又推动鲨鱼保护展开，因此核心是“创新的生态旅游项目助力解决鲨鱼捕捞问题”。故选B项。 （2026 年长宁区一模 A 篇 39 题） In 2016, psychologist Macnamara analyzed 33 studies. She looked at the relationship between intentional practice and athletic achievement. Intentional practice accounted for just 18 percent of the difference in sports performance between average players and experts, and it accounts for only 1 percent of the difference between top performers. In addition, top performers hadn’t started practicing their sport earlier in their childhoods. They had begun about the same time as other students who were not as successful. This suggests that other factors, like natural talent, personality and life history, also play a role in becoming an expert. Becoming an expert is a great goal to work toward. But remember, you don’t have to be great at something to enjoy doing it. You can still enjoy something without being the best in the world at it. 39. What does the writer mainly convey in the passage? A. The 10,000-hour rule covers sports but not music. B. Having fun in activities depends on expert skills. C. Reaching the top requires more than practice. D. Practice alone is enough to ensure greatness, 命题解读 新考法：议论文主旨考察 “论点 + 论据” 的核心整合，需反驳传统认知（单纯练习决定成功），提炼作者核心观点（多重因素决定成功），突出 “质疑 - 论证 - 结论” 的逻辑闭环。 新角度：答案依据：全文围绕 “一万小时定律的局限性，成为专家需天赋、坚持等多重因素” 【答案】 39. C 【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第四段中“This suggests that other factors, like natural talent, personality and life history, also play a role in becoming an expert.(这表明，其他因素，如天赋、个性和生活经历，也在成为专家方面发挥作用。)”以及最后一段“Becoming an expert is a great goal to work toward. But remember, you don’t have to be great at something to enjoy doing it. You can still enjoy something without being the best in the world at it.(成为一个专家是一个伟大的目标。但请记住，你不必擅长某件事才能享受它。即使你不是世界上最好的，你仍然可以享受某件事。)”可知，本文主要讨论了“一万小时定律”及其局限性，指出成为专家不仅需要练习，还受其他因素影响。故选C。 知识点1 文章大意类 寻找主题句确定文章大意。主题句的位置一般有以下几种： (1)主题句出现在文首。文章开门见山，给出了主题句，随之用细节对其进行解释、支撑。 (2)主题句出现在文末。文章先表述细节，之后在文末归纳概括出主题。 (3)主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次升华主题。 (4)主题句出现在文章的中间。文章首先提出问题，对问题进行描述，讨论之后在文章的中间部分给出主题句，而后又做进一步的解释。 知识点2 段落大意类 通过结构或暗示概括段落大意。 (1)根据逻辑结构概括段落大意：要准确概括段落大意，务必知道该段落的逻辑结构。如该段为总分顺序组织，则主题句在段首；如该段为分总顺序组织，则主题句在段尾；如该段为分总分顺序组织，则主题句在段中；如该段对比各事物，则其异同点即为该段大意。 (2)通过暗示揣摩段落大意：有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。 知识点3 标题归纳类 三大方法定标题。①正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；②反面否定法：撇开原文，设想各选项写出来应是什么样的文章，然后和原文比对，逐一排除不符项；③研读备选项：认真研读备选项里的中心词、结构、概括性、修饰词的变化，查看与中心思想是否相符。 考向1 考查文章大意题 （2026年嘉定区一模） More troubling is the disrespectful attitude towards complex art that surfaces in Lewis’s writing. Her rude view on Joyce’s literature (“what-if novels, but harder to read”), her dislike for pioneering films, and her confession of finding the Beatles music “boring” imply that her problem with “genius” might partly be a personal hate for difficult art and its creators. Worse still, these dislikes go without strong proof. Her unjust claim that Picasso is admired because of his imperfection, not despite them, reads more like an angry opinion than reasoned argument. While some online fans might admire some superstars uncritically, true faith in innate genius has been weaker since the 1960s. Lewis jumps on a train that is already slowing. 46. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Society’s admiration for geniuses is dangerous. B. Lewis criticism of “the genius myth” is unconvincing. C. The public should hold a critical view on geniuses. D. Specific works instead of people should be admired. 【答案】46. B 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Worse still, these dislikes go without strong proof. Her unjust claim that Picasso is admired because of his imperfection, not despite them, reads more like an angry opinion than reasoned argument.(更糟糕的是，这些不满并没有充分的证据支持。她那种毫无根据地声称毕加索之所以受到喜爱是因为他的不完美之处，而非尽管有这些不完美之处才受到喜爱的观点，更像是愤怒的言论而非理性的论证)”以及文章先引出 Lewis《天才神话》的核心观点（批判“天才”标签、否定对天才个体的崇拜），再从观点主观性（将自身看法强加于人）、术语无创新性（包装旧观点）、文风生硬（刻意说服读者）、批判无依据（对艺术和天才的评价缺乏论证）、批判对象过时（所批判的观念已无强影响力）等多维度，论证其观点缺乏说 （2026年黄浦区一模） I love the way clouds float above my head. These ever-shifting sculptures of vapor (蒸气) and light are among nature’s least appreciated marvels. How exactly cloud cover will shift in a warming world is anyone’s guess. Clouds don’t just look different from one another; they also have very different effects on temperatures at the surface of the land or water below. These differences have to do with how much of the sun’s heat they allow through and how much of Earth’s heat they trap in. .......... If clouds are changing, then so should the way we study them. It requires all of us to look up and take notice. 46. What is the passage mainly about? A. Actionable climate solutions. B. Changes in how low and high clouds move. C. Links between clouds and global warming. D. Approaches to appreciating cloud beauty. 【答案】 46. C 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段“Clouds don’t just look different from one another; they also have very different effects on temperatures at the surface of the land or water below. These differences have to do with how much of the sun’s heat they allow through and how much of Earth’s heat they trap in.(云不仅看起来彼此不同；它们对下面陆地或水体表面的温度也有非常不同的影响。这些差异与它们允许多少太阳的热量通过以及它们捕获多少地球的热量有关。)”以及后文对云引发的气候反馈循环与全球变暖的关系的阐述可知，本文主要讲述了云与全球变暖之间的联系。故选C。 （2026年宝山区一模） Over the past few years, areas in East Asia, North America and northern Europe have been colder than normal during some periods of winter. This has left many debating whether Earth is experiencing global warming or not, but scientists have shown that Earth’s warming trends are responsible. ............ Although heat and cold are considered opposites, in the case of climate, the former can cause the latter. 46. What is the main focus of the passage? A. The Relationship between Warming Earth and Colder Winters B. The Strange Phenomenon of Warming Earth with Colder Winters C. The Temperature Differences between the Arctic and Mid-latitude Areas D. The Potential Reasons for Earth Becoming Warmer and Warmer 【答案】 46. B 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Over the past few years, areas in East Asia, North America and northern Europe have been colder than normal during some periods of winter. This has left many debating whether Earth is experiencing global warming or not, but scientists have shown that Earth’s warming trends are responsible.(在过去几年里，东亚、北美洲和北欧的一些地区在冬季的某些时段气温比往年要低。这使得许多人争论地球是否正在经历全球变暖，但科学家们已经表明，地球的变暖趋势才是原因所在)”可知，文章主要说明了全球变暖致使北极海冰消融、极涡变形，进而影响极地急流，引发北半球部分地区冬季异常寒冷，揭示了气候变暖与局部寒冬的关联。由此可知，这篇文章的主要关注点是地球变得越来越热的潜在原因。故选B。 考向2 考查段落大意类 （2026年普陀区一模） The progressive — and welcome — move here is that Harvey and Evans consider the whole experience of theatregoing, not just the play in isolation. A night at the theatre can be stressful: the rushed early dinner, the endless queue for the toilet, the squeeze into seats built for small-boned Victorians, and the inevitable head blocking your view. To shorten a show is not to lessen its artistry but to make it more humane, to harmonize art with the rhythms of modern life 45. What is the main idea of the 4th paragraph? A. The RSC is losing artistic value by shortening plays. B. The directors resolve to simplify Shakespeare’s language. C. The audience prefers watching plays online rather than in theatres. D. The theatre experience should consider audience comfort and modern lifestyles. 【答案】45. D 【45题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“The progressive — and welcome — move here is that Harvey and Evans consider the whole experience of theatregoing, not just the play in isolation. A night at the theatre can be stressful: the rushed early dinner, the endless queue for the toilet, the squeeze into seats built for small-boned Victorians, and the inevitable head blocking your view. To shorten a show is not to lessen its artistry but to make it more humane, to harmonize art with the rhythms of modern life.(哈维和埃文斯此番举措兼具前瞻性与亲和力，核心在于他们考量的是观众看戏的完整体验，而非仅仅孤立地看待戏剧本身。去剧院看一场戏，过程可能满是奔波疲惫：火急火燎地扒完一顿仓促的晚餐、排不完的如厕长队、挤进那些为身形纤瘦的维多利亚时代人设计的座位，视线还总会被前排的人头无情遮挡。缩短戏剧时长，绝非是对其艺术性的削弱，而是让戏剧更具人文关怀，让艺术与现代生活的节奏同频共振。)”可知，第四段的主要思想是剧院体验应该考虑观众的舒适和现代生活方式。故选D。 考向3 考查标题归纳类 （2026年松江区一模） The first is greater openness. From August 2026, the EU will require some AI developers to report their energy use in detail, which can be copied elsewhere. A second is to rethink how data centers operate. The IEA notes that arranging to shift volume of work among data centers at different times could reduce pressure and help balance energy networks, making them better matched to renewable power. Third, tech firms should live up to their environmental promises. Many now rely heavily on buying renewable-energy credits, a problematic way of balancing their emissions. A better one is to use their influence to promote the decarbonization of the energy networks by pushing for planning reform and supporting alternatives like nuclear power. Doubling down on these would help transform AI from climate suspect to climate hero. 46. What would be the best title for the passage? A. Technology’s Impact on Climate Change B. Government Regulations on AI and Energy C. AI’s Energy Demand and Tech Innovation D. AI’s Energy Consumption and Conservation 【答案】 46. D 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Even if you don’t worry that artificial intelligence (AI) will destroy the human race, you might fear its huge appetite for electricity will damage the environment. Asking an AI chatbot a question is equivalent to using ten times more energy than an old-fashioned internet search. As the AI boom took off, ou may think that emissions(排放)from tech giants evidently rise. With huge investments in new data centers planned, more rises seem inevitable. But the worry is on shaky ground.(即使你不担心人工智能（AI）会毁灭人类，你也可能担心它。向人工智能聊天机器人提问，相当于使用比老式互联网搜索多10倍的能量。随着人工智能的蓬勃发展，你可能会认为科技巨头的排放量明显上升。随着对新数据中心的巨额投资计划，更多的上涨似乎是不可避免的。但这种担忧是站不住脚的)”并纵观全文可知，文章开头提到人工智能耗能巨大有可能危害气候引发担忧，下文否定了这一担忧，并指出人工智能的一些电力使用将有助于绿色经济，在节约能源方面的优势，有关部门的加倍努力将有助于人工智能从气候嫌疑犯转变为气候英雄。由此可知，D项概括主旨，适合用作标题。故选D项。 （2026年崇明区一模） When you were a kid, you most likely had more friends than you do now. As you grew up, your friendship circle most likely grew smaller. You now have just a few really important friendships. One idea suggests that we become more selective about our friends because we become increasingly aware of our own mortality (生命的有限). In other words, we have future-oriented cognition (认知). However, a recent study suggests that our friendships may not actually be tied to thinking about the future. In this study, a team of researchers analyzed 78,000 hours of observations of 21 male chimpanzees (黑猩猩) made between 1995 and 2016. A unique feature of this study is the value that exists in the long-term collection of data. .......... Anyway, the new study gives valuable insight into how natural selection shapes social relationship strategies as we age, and it is also stimulating because it makes one reconsider the nature of how humans think and behave. Answering questions like this is difficult because humans live such a long time, but what’s important about this study is that it provides long-term data on known individuals that live a long time. By studying our evolutionary cousins, we can learn more about our own behavior. 46. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Aging and Friendship: A New Insight from Chimpanzees B. Future-Oriented Cognition: The Key to Friendships C. The Emotional Reactivity of Male Chimpanzees D. How Mortality Shapes Human Friendship 【答案】46. A 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是文章开篇“As you grew up, your friendship circle most likely grew smaller. You now have just a few really important friendships.(随着你的成长，你的朋友圈很可能会变小。你现在只有几个真正重要的朋友了)”提出人类随年龄增长朋友变少的现象，并引出一个理论解释“One idea suggests that we become more selective about our friends because we become increasingly aware of our own mortality.(有一种观点认为，我们对朋友的选择越来越挑剔，因为我们越来越意识到自己终有一死)”。接着第3、4段重点介绍了一项对黑猩猩的长期研究，该研究发现了黑猩猩也有类似的社交变化，并在第5段对原有理论提出了质疑“These results question some aspects of the socioemotional selectivity theory. While humans have a sense of mortality, it is widely believed that chimpanzees do not.(这些结果对社会情绪选择理论的某些方面提出了质疑。人类有生命有限的意识，但人们普遍认为黑猩猩没有这种意识)”，最后在文章末尾“By studying our evolutionary cousins, we can learn more about our own behavior.(通过研究我们的进化表亲，我们可以更多地了解我们自己的行为)”指出这项研究为了解人类行为提供了新视角。 由此可知，文章围绕衰老与友谊展开，且借助黑猩猩的研究给出了新视角。A选项“衰老与友谊：来自黑猩猩的新见解”为最佳标题。故选A。 （2026年静安区一模） Armed with his newfound insight into the birth of rocks, William walked the length and breadth of Great Britain with the intention of surveying and categorizing all the wonderfully different types of rocks that he found. It took William many years of frustration and hardship to draw a huge map of Great Britain by hand. The map, on display today at Burlington House in London, uses beautiful colors to show every layer of rock below in the most precise detail. Unique in its time, William’s map gave birth to every geological survey that we take for granted in the world today. 46. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage? A. How Fossil Patterns Revealed Ancient Seas B. The Man Who Uncovered the Earth’s Story C. The Encyclopedia Britannica and the Rise of Geology D. William Smith:From Miner to Master of Mapping 【答案】46. B 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Armed with his newfound insight into the birth of rocks, William walked the length and breadth of Great Britain with the intention of surveying and categorizing all the wonderfully different types of rocks that he found. It took William many years of frustration and hardship to draw a huge map of Great Britain by hand. The map, on display today at Burlington House in London, uses beautiful colors to show every layer of rock below in the most precise detail. Unique in its time, William’s map gave birth to every geological survey that we take for granted in the world today.(凭借对岩石形成的新见解，威廉走遍大不列颠，打算对他所发现的各种各样奇妙的岩石进行勘测和分类。威廉耗费多年，历经无数挫折与艰辛，亲手绘制了一幅巨大的英国地图。这幅如今陈列于伦敦伯灵顿宫的地图，用精美的色彩精确细致地展现了地下每一层岩石。威廉绘制的这幅地图在当时独一无二，催生了如今我们习以为常的每一项地质调查。)”可知，本文主要讲述了地质学的发展历程，重点介绍了威廉·史密斯（William Smith）对地质学的开创性贡献，因此本文最好的题目是B选项“The Man Who Uncovered the Earth’s Story(揭开地球故事的人)”。故选B。 【语篇训练】 Passage 1 【来源】上海市徐汇区上海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期练习英语试题 Many nutrition experts say it’s important to enjoy your favorite holiday foods rather than trying to skip them. But you can make better choices and still satisfy your cravings if you know where the sneaky sugars, sodium, and fat hide. Here, we take a closer look at a few popular foods you’re likely to encounter this season to help you pick the right option for you. Cranberry sauce vs Gravy Choosing between these two turkey-toppers? Gravy is high in sodium (钠) (about 340 mg per 1/4cup) , but canned cranberry sauce packs 22 grams of added sugars — more than a slice of apple or pumpkin pie. And cranberry sauce has almost quadruple the calories of gravy. Mashed potatoes vs Sweet potato casserole Trying to pick a classic holiday side? Plain mashed potatoes (made with milk, butter, and a pinch of salt) are creamy but relatively moderate — about 160 calories and 60mg of sodium per 1/2 cup. But sweet potato casserole, often loaded with brown sugar, marshmallows, and butter, cranks up the sugar to around 18 grams per serving (nearly half the daily added sugar limit) and pushes calories to 250 or more. Spiral ham vs Roast beef Spiral ham is lean — but it has nitrates (硝酸盐) and nitrites (亚硝酸盐), which, when they interact with protein, create compounds that may cause cancer. Plus, ham is high in sodium: 990 mg. A lean cut of beef, like bottom round roast, has similar calories, less sodium, and no nitrates or nitrites. Panettone vs Fruit cake These traditional festival treats have similar calorie and sugar counts, and both contain dried fruit. But the colorful glacé (糖渍的) fruit often used in fruit cake is made with artificial dyes, including red#40, which will be banned by the end of 2026. Panettone typically doesn’t have those. 1．Which of the following is a better pick, according to the article? A．Cranberry sauce. B．Roast beef. C．Fruit cake. D．Sweet potato casserole. 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Sweet potato casserole contains less sugar than mashed potatoes. B．Spiral ham is fat, and therefore considered unhealthy for people. C．Fruit cakes contain artificial dyes and will be banned soon. D．Although gravy is high in sodium, it contains fewer calories. 3．Where can you most probably find this article? A．In an encyclopedia. B．In a consumer magazine. C．In a scientific journal. D．In a textbook about nutrition. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要对比分析多款热门节日食品的糖分、钠、热量等营养成分，为读者在节日期间选择更健康的食物提供参考。 1．细节理解题。根据Spiral ham vs Roast beef部分中的“Spiral ham is lean — but it has nitrates (硝酸盐) and nitrites (亚硝酸盐), which, when they interact with protein, create compounds that may cause cancer. Plus, ham is high in sodium: 990 mg. A lean cut of beef, like bottom round roast, has similar calories, less sodium, and no nitrates or nitrites. (螺旋火腿脂肪含量低，但含有硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐，这些物质与蛋白质相互作用时会产生可能致癌的化合物。此外，火腿钠含量极高：990毫克。而牛后臀尖等瘦牛肉，热量相当，钠含量更低，且不含硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐)”可知，烤牛肉（瘦牛肉）相比其他选项是更优选择。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据Cranberry sauce vs Gravy部分中的“Gravy is high in sodium (钠) (about 340 mg per 1/4cup) , but canned cranberry sauce packs 22 grams of added sugars — more than a slice of apple or pumpkin pie. And cranberry sauce has almost quadruple the calories of gravy. (肉汁钠含量高（每1/4杯约340毫克），但罐装蔓越莓酱含有22克添加糖——比一片苹果派或南瓜派还多。而且蔓越莓酱的热量几乎是肉汁的四倍)”可知，虽然肉汁钠含量高，但热量更低。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“Here, we take a closer look at a few popular foods you’re likely to encounter this season to help you pick the right option for you.(在这里，我们将深入介绍几款你在这个季节大概率会接触到的热门美食，帮你选出最适合自己的那一款。)”以及下文介绍的节日热门食品的营养对比可知，本文旨在为普通消费者提供实用的饮食选择建议，语言通俗、贴近生活，最可能出自消费者杂志。故选B项。 Passage 2 【来源】2026年上海市普通高等学校招生全国统一招生考试模拟试题（未来教研之星标准学术能力测试） For over 15 years, Carlos Chaccour has researched a novel strategy to combat malaria: using ivermectin, a common antiparasitic (抗寄生虫的) drug, to make human blood toxic to mosquitoes that feed on it. His team’s recent large-scale trial in Kenya provides the first evidence that this approach can work at a community level. Participants received three monthly doses of ivermectin, which reduced malaria cases in children by about 26% over six months, compared to 22% of a control group given albendazole. This is considered a significant, high-quality indication of ivermectin’s potential, especially for school-aged children who often lack protection from bed nets. A  Chaccour counters that the Kenyan trial is a proof of concept, emphasizing the importance of high community coverage and timely distribution during peak mosquito breeding seasons. He suggests future enhancements, such as more doses or longer-lasting formulations, could improve efficacy. Additionally, ivermectin’s ability to treat other diseases like scabies adds value. B  Critics argue that a 26% reduction, while promising, is modest and may not justify widespread deployment, especially given current limitations: ivermectin cannot be given to pregnant women or young children, and prior large studies in Burkina Faso and Guinea-Bissau failed to show consistent benefits. Some experts believe that the small effect size and practical hurdles mean the approach might not be a viable standalone solution. C  The concept stems from Chaccour’s early discovery that ivermectin kills insects feeding on treated blood. Previous studies, including his 2010 research, demonstrated that mosquitoes feeding on blood from ivermectin-treated volunteers had higher death rates. However, translating this into a meaningful reduction in malaria has proven challenging, with earlier trials showing mixed results. The World Health Organization (WHO) currently does not recommend ivermectin for malaria control, citing the need for stronger evidence from multiple trials. Nonetheless, researchers agree that further well-designed studies are essential to determine whether ivermectin can become a useful tool in the global fight against malaria. 4．According to the 1st paragraph, it can be inferred that albendazole ________. A．has no effect on treatment of malaria B．shows poorer effect than ivermectin C．is a traditional drug against malaria D．poses less side effects than ivermectin 5．What is the proper order of Paragraph A, B, and C? A．C→B→A. B．B→A→C. C．C→A→B. D．B→C→A. 6．The main reason why critics oppose ivermectin is that ivermectin ______. A．isn’t much more effective than others B．shows potential safety issues in trials C．can only be used in limited situations D．has no capacity to independently cure malaria 7．What can be learned from WHO’s attitude towards ivermectin? A．WHO encourages more trials on severe patients as tests. B．WHO doesn’t regard ivermectin a potential useful drug. C．WHO will conduct more experiments to gain evidence. D．WHO is waiting for evidential supports on ivermectin. 【答案】4．C 5．A 6．D 7．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了伊维菌素通过毒杀蚊虫降低疟疾传播，肯尼亚的试验显示其效果，但批评者认为效果有限且适用人群受限，世卫组织暂未推荐该治疗方法，呼吁更多证据支持。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Participants received three monthly doses of ivermectin, which reduced malaria cases in children by about 26% over six months, compared to 22% of a control group (参与者在连续三个月中每月服用一次伊维菌素，共三次剂量，在六个月内将儿童疟疾病例减少了约26%，而对照组的这一比例为22%)”可知，接受伊维菌素的实验组对照的是接受画线药物的小组，以测试这种新治疗方式的疗效，结合医学实验为保证患者安全，通常会让对照组按照常规标准接受药物治疗可推知，画线的药物是传统的抗疟疾药物。需注意该药效果比伊维菌素差是基于文本的理解，无需逻辑推断。故选C项。 5．推理判断题。通读方框内容，尤其是段落A中“Chaccour counters that the Kenyan trial is a proof of concept, emphasizing the importance of high community coverage and timely distribution during peak mosquito breeding seasons. (Chaccour反驳说，肯尼亚的试验是概念的证明，强调了高社区覆盖率和在蚊子繁殖高峰季节及时分发的重要性。)”、段落B中“Critics argue that a 26% reduction, while promising, is modest and may not justify widespread deployment, especially given current limitations (批评人士认为，26%的下降虽然有希望，但幅度不大，可能不足以证明广泛部署是合理的，尤其是考虑到目前的限制)”和段落C中“The concept stems from Chaccour’s early discovery that ivermectin kills insects feeding on treated blood. (这个概念源于Chaccour的早期发现，即伊维菌素可以杀死以处理过的血液为食的昆虫。)”可知，段落C介绍伊维菌素作用的起源及早期研究，属于背景信息，应排第一，承接首段的研究发现，段落B提出批评观点，从客观角度对研究发现作出评价，应排第二，段落A是Chaccour的反驳，讨论试验的积极意义及未来改进方向，其反驳是针对段落B的批评，应排第三。故选A项。 6．细节理解题。根据方框所给段落B中“Some experts believe that the small effect size and practical hurdles mean the approach might not be a viable standalone solution. (一些专家认为，较小的效应规模和实际障碍意味着该方法可能不是一个可行的独立解决方案。)”可知，批评者反对伊维菌素的主要原因是伊维菌素没有独立治疗疟疾的能力。故选D项。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The World Health Organization (WHO) currently does not recommend ivermectin for malaria control, citing the need for stronger evidence from multiple trials. (世界卫生组织(WHO)目前不建议将伊维菌素用于疟疾控制，理由是需要从多项试验中获得更有力的证据。)”可知，世界卫生组织未完全否定伊维菌素的潜力，但需更多证据，表明它正在等待关于伊维菌素的证据支持。故选D项。 Passage 3 【来源】上海市南洋模范中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷 They’re still kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology. To the psychologists, sociologists, and generational and media experts who study them, their digital gear sets this new group apart, even from their tech-savvy Millennial elders. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older siblings don’t quite get. These differences may appear slight, but they signal an all-encompassing sensibility that some say marks the dawning of a new generation. The contrast between Millennials and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen of California State University that he has declared the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the iGeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the tech-dominated life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennials he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, MySpace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they warrant the distinction of a new generation, which he has dubbed the “iGeneration”. “The technology is the easiest way to see it, but it’s also a mindset, and the mindset goes with the little ‘I’, which I’m talking to stand for ‘individualized’,” Rosen says. “Everything is defined and individualized to ‘me’. My music choices are defined to ‘me’. What I watch on TV any instant is defined to ‘me’.” He says the iGeneration includes today’s teens and middle-schoolers, but it’s too soon to tell about elementary-school ages and younger. Rosen says the iGeneration believes anything is possible. “If they can think of it, somebody probably has or will invent it,” he says. “They expect innovation.” They have high expectations that whatever they want or can use “will be able to be tailored to their own needs and wishes and desires.” Rosen says portability is key. They are inseparable from their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected — even in class, where cellphones are supposedly banned. Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens survive distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.” Because these kids are more immersed and at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change significantly. “The growth curve on the use of technology with children is exponential (指数的), and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think,” Rosen says. “We have to give them options because they want their world individualized.” 8．Compared with their Millennial elders, the iGeneration kids ________. A．communicate with others by high-tech methods continually B．prefer to live a virtual life than a real one C．are equipped with more modem digital techniques D．know more on technology than their elders 9．Which of the following is true about the iGeneration according to Rosen? A．This generation is crazy about inventing and creating new things. B．Everything must be adapted to the peculiar need of the generation. C．This generation catches up with the development of technology. D．High-tech such as wireless devices goes with the generation. 10．Rosen’s findings suggest that technology ________. A．has an obvious effect on the function of iGeneration’s brain development B．has greatly affected the iGeneration’s behaviors and academic performance C．has no significantly negative effect on iGeneration’s mental and intellectual development D．has caused distraction problems on iGeneration which affect their daily performance. 11．According to the passage, education has to _________. A．adapt its system to the need of the new generation B．use more technologies to cater for the iGeneration C．risk its system to certain extent for the iGeneration D．be conducted online for iGeneration’s individualized need 【答案】8．A 9．D 10．C 11．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了专家指出技术使当下青少年形成新群体 “i一代”，他们追求持续互联与个性化，受技术影响大，这也倒逼教育体系做出相应变革。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“To the psychologists, sociologists, and generational and media experts who study them, their digital gear sets this new group apart, even from their tech-savvy Millennial elders. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older siblings don’t quite get.( 对于研究他们的心理学家、社会学家、代际和媒体专家来说，他们的数字设备使这个新群体与精通技术的千禧一代长辈区别开来。他们想要随时保持联系，以一种连他们的哥哥姐姐都不太理解的方式。)”以及第七段中“They are inseparable from their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected — even in class, where cellphones are supposedly banned.( 他们离不开无线设备，无线设备既能让他们发短信，也能让他们说话，所以他们可以一直保持联系——即使是在课堂上，据说手机是被禁止的。)”可知，与他们的千禧一代长辈相比，“i一代”的孩子不断地用高科技方法与他人交流。故选A项。 9．细节理解题。根据第四段中Rosen的表述“The technology is the easiest way to see it, but it’s also a mindset, and the mindset goes with the little ‘I’, which I’m talking to stand for ‘individualized’(科技是最容易看到这一点的方式，但它也是一种思维模式，这种思维模式与小写的‘我’相伴，我说的‘我’代表‘个性化’)”以及第七段中的“Rosen says portability is key. They are inseparable from their wireless devices(罗森说便携性是关键。他们与无线设备形影不离)”可知，无线设备等高科技与这一代人相伴相生。故选D项。 10．细节理解题。根据第八段中““They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens survive distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.”(罗森说：“他们应该分心，应该表现得比现在更糟糕。”“但研究结果表明，青少年比我们根据他们的年龄和大脑发育所预测的更能承受干扰。”)”可知，罗森的发现表明技术对一代人的心理和智力发展没有显著的负面影响。故选C项。 11．推理判断题。根据第九段“Because these kids are more immersed and at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change significantly.( 罗森说，因为这些孩子更容易沉浸其中，而且年龄更小，所以教育系统必须做出重大改变。)”以及最后一段““We have to give them options because they want their world individualized.”(“我们必须给他们选择，因为他们希望自己的世界个性化。”)”可推知，根据文章，教育必须使其系统适应新一代的需要。故选A项。 Passage 4 【来源】上海市徐汇区上海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期练习一英语试题 Daydreaming, or mind-wandering, is generally seen by teachers as an undesirable activity. And yet, on average, we daydream nearly 47% of our waking hours. If our brain spends nearly half of our awake time doing it, there is probably a good reason why. Research shows that there are three types of daydreaming. The first is “guilty dysphoric” daydreaming, when we either keep thinking about a negative past experience or imagine the worst possible outcomes for the future. Then there is “poor attentional control,” where a person struggles to focus on a particular thought or task. These two kinds of daydreaming don’t have identifiable benefits. But the third type, “positive constructive daydreaming (PCD),” where we cast our mind forward and imagine future possibilities in a creative, positive way, can be quite beneficial. Helpful for planning and creativity, PCD is the bridge that links our internal observations with the forecasting required for future exploration. Inner reflection, not external drivers, is believed to empower humanity to direct their own lives and lead themselves. Inner reflection arises from consciousness, which is considered inseparable from thinking and represents an integral awareness of the working of our own mind. Open observation of our internal consciousness paved the way for curious exploration of our external world. The part of our brain most often associated with daydreaming is called the “default mode network” (DMN). The term “default mode” refers to the part of our brain associated with our resting state and is responsible for our ability to reflect on our own consciousness and internal narrative. The DMN is a system active during reflective activities like daydreaming, and quiet when focused mental effort is required. The DMN also connects many brain regions, impacting a host of other activity patterns. But more interesting and somewhat mysterious, the DMN is responsible for much of our abstract conceptual thought — the reflective, self-aware kind that separates us from animals — and it recalls and constructs social contexts to help us make meaning of our life. While the DMN can become disturbed during mental decline, PCD can actually thicken the cerebral cortex, or what’s known as our brain’s gray matter, the thinning of which is associated with the mental decline of aging. Though this link isn’t fully understood yet, we know that a well-functioning DMN — where we cast our mind’s eye forward in time or reflect on our past experience (as in PCD) — plays a central role in our healthy mental functioning, in areas like memory strengthening, planning, and self-control. Despite the benefits, we are conditioning daydreaming out of our kids — and in turn, out of our adult lives as well. Most schools place such a strong emphasis on an assumption of high attentional demand that they’ve failed to balance the potential benefit of PCD’s “constructive internal reflection”. Rather than criticizing daydreaming, we should protect it, cultivate it, and honor it. People who daydream are more reflective, have a deeper sense of sympathy, and show more moral decision-making. And ultimately, children who are more reflective, sympathetic, and moral grow up to be the adults who build a more just society. 12．Why is daydreaming generally seen as an undesirable activity by teachers? A．Because children spend too much time daydreaming. B．Because just one type of daydreaming brings benefits. C．Because schools like kids with good attentional control. D．Because few children are capable of engaging in PCD． 13．Which of the following is a benefit of daydreaming? A．Showing inner reflection on our mindset and creativity. B．Promoting curiosity about exploring the external world. C．Providing direct empowerment for future possibilities. D．Encouraging reflection and sympathy at a social level. 14．What are the characteristics of DMN? ①Active during daydreaming and reflection. ②Examining mental health with abstract thought. ③Connecting brain regions and aiding thinking. ④Countering age-related changes in the brain. ⑤Supporting self-awareness and imagination. ⑥Systematically analyzing relevant social contexts. ⑦Taking a back seat when attention is needed. A．①③⑤⑦ B．①②④⑤ C．①③④⑥ D．①②⑥⑦ 15．Which can be the best title of the passage? A．Daydreaming: Teachers’ Poison, Kids’ Meat B．Why Daydreaming is So Good for You C．Develop Daydreaming Constructively D．Build a Just Society with Daydreaming 【答案】12．C 13．B 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了白日梦的益处及其对大脑和心理健康的重要性。 12．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The first is “guilty dysphoric” daydreaming, when we either keep thinking about a negative past experience or imagine the worst possible outcomes for the future. Then there is “poor attentional control,” where a person struggles to focus on a particular thought or task. These two kinds of daydreaming don’t have identifiable benefits.(第一种是“愧疚抑郁型”白日梦，表现为我们反复回想过去的负面经历，或是设想未来可能发生的最坏结果。第二种是“注意力控制薄弱型” 白日梦，指人们难以将注意力集中在某个特定的想法或任务上。这两种白日梦没有明显可辨识的益处)”、第六段中“Most schools place such a strong emphasis on an assumption of high attentional demand that they’ve failed to balance the potential benefit of PCD’s “constructive internal reflection”.(大多数学校过分强调高度专注的预设要求，却未能兼顾积极建构型白日梦所具备的“建设性内在反思”的潜在价值)”可知，老师认为白日梦是不好的活动，是因为学校喜欢注意力控制好的孩子，而注意力控制差的白日梦没有明显的好处。故选C。 13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Inner reflection, not external drivers, is believed to empower humanity to direct their own lives and lead themselves. Inner reflection arises from consciousness, which is considered inseparable from thinking and represents an integral awareness of the working of our own mind. Open observation of our internal consciousness paved the way for curious exploration of our external world.(人们认为，是内在反思而非外部驱动力，赋予了人类指引自己生活、自我领导的能力。内在反思源于意识，意识与思考密不可分，代表了对自身思维运作的完整觉察。对内心意识的开放观察，为好奇地探索外部世界铺平了道路)”可知，白日梦的好处是促进对探索外部世界的好奇心。故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The DMN is a system active during reflective activities like daydreaming, and quiet when focused mental effort is required.(默认模式网络是一个在反思活动（如白日梦）中活跃的系统，在需要集中精神努力时则保持安静)”可知，①“在白日梦和反思期间活跃”和⑦“在需要注意力时退居次要地位”是默认模式网络的特点；根据第四段中“The DMN also connects many brain regions, impacting a host of other  activity patterns.(默认模式网络还连接许多大脑区域，影响许多其他活动模式)”可知，③“连接大脑区域并帮助思考”是默认模式网络的特点；根据第四段中“But more interesting and somewhat mysterious, the DMN is responsible for much of our abstract conceptual thought — the reflective, self-aware kind  that separates us from animals — and it recalls and constructs social  contexts to help us make meaning of our life.(但更有趣、也有点神秘的是，默认模式网络负责我们大部分的抽象概念思维——这种反思性的、自我意识的思维将我们与动物区分开来——它回忆并构建社会背景，帮助我们理解生活的意义)”可知，⑤“支持自我意识和想象力”是默认模式网络的特点。故选A。 15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Daydreaming, or mind-wandering, is generally seen by teachers as an undesirable activity. And yet, on average, we daydream nearly 47% of  our waking hours. If our brain spends nearly half of our awake time doing it, there is probably a good reason why.(白日梦，或者说走神，通常被老师视为一种不受欢迎的活动。然而，平均而言，我们在清醒的时候有近47%的时间在做白日梦。如果我们的大脑在清醒的时候有近一半的时间在做这件事，那可能有一个很好的理由)”可知，文章主要讲述了白日梦的益处及其对大脑和心理健康的重要性，可知，B选项“Why Daydreaming is So Good for You(为什么白日梦对你有好处)”最符合文章标题。故选B。 Passage 5 【来源】上海市徐汇区上海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期练习一英语试题 Four Things You Need to KnowPeople are flick flocking to see this… It’s the breathtaking sunrise from the Great Ridge in the Peak District. This region is used to crowds, but recently, large numbers of people, inspired by widely shared video posts, have been arriving at Hope Valley early in the morning, and on occasion this has made it tricky for people trying to use the narrow roads below. At times, double parking has blocked emergency access, and some days have seen authorities hand out up to 400 parking tickets. Our advice? Park properly in the car parks or take the bus, and allow extra time to get to the top. There’s big news for Scottish wildlife The Scottish Wildlife Trust has just bought its largest ever site: the 7618-hectare Inverbroom Estate, eight miles south of Ullapool in the Highlands. The £17.5 million deal was made possible by the largest donation in the charity’s history, and the land consists of wetland, woodland and lakes, and hosts a range of wildlife, including seals and ptarmigan (雷鸟). There’s a boar (野猪) war on Dartmoor Numerous wild boar sightings in Dartmoor National Park have led to suspicious that someone has rewilded the animals illegally. It’s thought that there have been boar running free in Devon for some time, but there has been an increase in reported interactions recently, with videos being posted online. Some walkers are concerned the boar may become aggressive, but many environmentalists believe the animals should be allowed to return to their natural habitat-boar used to wander across the country, but were hunted to extinction in the UK in the 17th century. This is back… And it’s been a long time coming. The Cairngorm Mountain Railway is open again, after six or so years of repair work. It’s the highest railway in Britain, taking people up to Ptarmigan Station on the side of Cairngorm Mountain at almost 1100 metres, where you’ll find Britain’s highest restaurant and bar. Only hikers on guided walks can exit the station onto the mountain-although we are allowed to buy downhill-only tickets for £11. In 2018 it had to close due to structural problems with the track. It reopened in January 2023, but had to shut again that August. Now it runs seven days a week, weather permitting. 16．Which is the closest in meaning to the underlined expression “flick flocking”? A．flooding B．guided C．demanding D．advised 17．Alex is a hiker who loves magnificent natural views and an environmentalist who advocates the release of boar into the wild. He is planning to propose to his girlfriend at the highest restaurant in Britain. Where will he take her? A．The Great Ridge B．Inverbroom Estate C．Dartmoor National Park D．Ptarmigan Station 18．Why does the writer want people to know the four things? A．To provide them with travel advice for each destination. B．To urge them to engage in environmental conservation. C．To inform them of the UK’s progress in wildlife protection. D．To update them on recent news about nature and hiking. 【答案】16．A 17．D 18．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章发布了四条英国自然与户外相关的资讯，分别介绍了峰区大岭日出观景引发的交通问题及相关建议、苏格兰野生动物信托基金购入其有史以来最大规模的自然保护区、达特穆尔国家公园出现野猪引发的争议，以及英国海拔最高的凯恩戈姆山铁路重新开放的相关情况。 16．词句猜测题。根据第一段“It’s the breathtaking sunrise from the Great Ridge in the Peak District. This region is used to crowds, but recently, large numbers of people, inspired by widely shared video posts, have been arriving at Hope Valley early in the morning, and on occasion this has made it tricky for people trying to use the narrow roads below (这是峰区大岭令人惊叹的日出景观。这个地区本就常有游客，但最近，受广泛传播的视频帖子影响，大批民众清晨涌入霍普谷，有时这会给需要使用下方狭窄道路的人们带来麻烦)”可知，“flick flocking”所在句表达的是人们纷纷前去观赏日出的意思，与“flooding（大量涌入）”含义最为接近。故选A。 17．推理判断题。根据第四段“It’s the highest railway in Britain, taking people up to Ptarmigan Station on the side of Cairngorm Mountain at almost 1100 metres, where you’ll find Britain’s highest restaurant and bar (这是英国海拔最高的铁路，能将人们送往凯恩戈姆山一侧近1100米处的雷鸟站，在那里可以找到英国海拔最高的餐厅和酒吧)”可知，英国最高的餐厅位于雷鸟站。亚历克斯想要在英国最高的餐厅向女友求婚，应该带她去雷鸟站。故选D。 18．推理判断题。文章分别介绍了峰区日出观景的交通问题、苏格兰购入大型自然保护区、达特穆尔野猪争议、凯恩戈姆山铁路重开这四条资讯，内容均围绕英国近期的自然景观、野生动物保护和户外出行相关的新鲜事。选项D“为人们更新近期自然与徒步相关的资讯”符合文意。故选D。 Passage 6 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期第二次周测英语试题 Decoding Energy Labels When shopping for a large appliance, it’s natural to focus on the purchase price. But another important factor is how much the machine will add to your utility bills. Reading the EnergyGuide label closely could save you hundreds of dollars. Here’s what to look for. * Yellow numbers are circled. a．This shows how much energy in kilowatt hours the appliance uses in one year. For a washing machine, for example, this estimate is based on the average energy used per wash cycle multiplied by the number of cycles run per year. The label uses national averages — but electricity rates vary by location, so also look at the bulleted information below it to help you estimate your actual costs. b．If you have a natural gas appliance, refer to this number. c．This scale helps you compare the model you’re considering to others of the same type. The closer the arrow is to the left, the more energy efficient(and cost-efficient) the appliance is. d．This is the approximate amount you’ll pay for the model over one year. It takes into account both the amount of energy required to operate the appliance and to heat water, if that’s required. 19．This passage probably belongs to a magazine section called _________. A．Product Spotlight B．Tech Update C．Deal Finder D．Money Saver 20．The descriptions (a-d) in the box are in the wrong order. Which of the following shows their correct order from ① to ④? A．d-a-c-b B．b-c-a-d C．b-a-c-d D．a-d-b-d 21．Which of the following is true about the bullet points in the label? A．They reflect your actual usage or rates. B．They detail what the estimates are based on. C．LG Electronics isn’t certified with Energy Star. D．Yellow numbers means standard washing procedures. 【答案】19．D 20．A 21．B 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了购买大型家电时需关注的EnergyGuide标签，解释了标签上各部分信息的含义，帮助消费者通过阅读标签了解家电的年度能耗、使用成本及能效水平，从而节省电费开支。 19．推理判断题。根据文章开头“Reading the EnergyGuide label closely could save you hundreds of dollars. (仔细阅读EnergyGuide标签可以帮你节省数百美元。)”可知，文章核心是帮助消费者省钱。文章可能来自一本名为《省钱》的杂志，故选D。 20．细节理解题。①指向“Estimated Yearly Energy Cost(年度能耗成本)”，对应d“年度花费金额”；②指向“Estimated Yearly Electricity Use(年度用电量)”，对应a“年度能耗（千瓦时）”；③指向“Cost Range of Similar Models(同类产品成本范围)”，对应c“能效对比刻度”；④指向“天然气热水炉的年度成本”，对应b“天然气家电参考数值”。因此从①到④的正确顺序是d-a-c-b，对应选项A。故选A。 21．细节理解题。根据描述a中的“the label uses national averages — but electricity rates vary by location, also look at the bulleted information below it to help you estimate your actual costs. (标签使用全国平均值，但电费因地区而异，也可以查看下方的项目符号信息来估算实际成本)”可知，项目符号信息解释了估算数据的依据。故选B。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司6 / 31 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $