第6讲 外刊阅读之人与自我（寒假预习讲义）八年级英语新教材沪教版五四制

专题06 外刊阅读之人与自我 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心，有的放矢 重点速记：查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：综合提升，全面突破 Passage 01 外刊精讲 Memory tricks Why do we forget things? —Amirali, Age 7, Canada Dear Readers, Sometimes I feel frustrated when I can't recall something I want to remember. But I won't forget what I learned from Ever Wonder? (as detailed in the article below). Forgetting somethings helps us remember other things; it keeps our memory buckets from overflowing(溢出). I find little memory tricks helpful. You likely know the trick that helps us recall the colors of the rainbow in order: Roy G. Biv(red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet). Some kids use a memory trick to help them tell their left hand from their right. They straighten their index (pointer) finger and thumb, folding in their other fingers. The hand that correctly forms the L shape is the left hand! Do you have a memory trick that helps you? I hope you'll share it with me. Your friend, Christine Believe it or not, forgetting some things helps your brain remember others! The brain is a super-complicated (超级复杂的) part of the body; scientists will be learning about it for many years to come. ①What they've found so far is that your brain needs to forget some information. If it remembered EVERYTHING, then pulling out a certain piece of information from lots of stored-up memories would be impossible. ②Picture your brain as a bucket that's crammed (塞满的)and overflowing with papers. How could you find one little note in all of that clutter (杂乱)? So, your brain selects which information seems important to hang on to, and it clears out the rest. Now your memory bucket is a lot easier to sort through quickly. But whoops! This isn't a perfect system. Sometimes your brain drops a thought that you wish it had kept. You can help it figure out which information you want to keep by practicing and rehearsing (默诵) those memories and facts or by using other memory tricks. (Just don 't forget to use them!) 一、核心词汇精讲 1. frustrated /frʌˈstreɪtɪd/ adj. 沮丧的；懊恼的；失意的 词转：frustrate v. 使沮丧；使懊恼；挫败；frustration n. 沮丧；懊恼；挫折 搭配：feel frustrated 感到沮丧；be frustrated at/with sth. 因某事而懊恼；be frustrated in doing sth. 做某事受挫 近义词：upset 心烦的；disappointed 失望的 反义词：satisfied 满意的；delighted 高兴的 例句：She felt frustrated when she couldn’t finish the task on time. 翻译练习： 当他再次考试不及格时，他感到非常沮丧。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. recall /rɪˈkɔːl/ v. 记起；回想起；召回；n. 回忆；召回 词转：recallable adj. 可回忆的；可召回的；recall n. 回忆（不可数）；召回（可数） 搭配：recall sth. 记起某事；recall doing sth. 记得做过某事；recall sb. to do sth. 召回某人做某事；beyond recall 无法挽回；值得回忆的 近义词：remember 记得；memorize 记住；recollect 回忆 反义词：forget 忘记；ignore 忽略 例句：I can’t recall where I put my schoolbag this morning. 翻译练习： 她记不起昨天晚上把钥匙放在哪里了。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. overflow /ˌəʊvəˈfləʊ/ v. （使）溢出；漫出；充满；/ˈəʊvəfləʊ/ n. 溢出物；泛滥 词转：overflowing adj. 溢出的；充满的；overflow n. 溢出（不可数） 搭配：overflow with sth. 充满某物；overflow from sp. 从某地溢出；an overflow of water 水的溢出；overflow parking 临时停车场 近义词：spill 溢出；flood 泛滥；brim 满溢 反义词：empty 倒空；dry 干涸 例句：The river overflowed its banks after the heavy rain last week. 翻译练习： 这个杯子太满了，水都溢出来了。 _____________________________________________________________________ 4. likely /ˈlaɪkli/ adj. 可能的；有希望的；adv. 可能地 词转：likelihood n. 可能性 搭配：be likely to do sth. 可能做某事；it’s likely that... 很可能……；most likely 最有可能；not likely 不可能 近义词：probable 很可能的；possible 可能的；probably 可能地（adv.） 反义词：unlikely 不可能的；improbable 不大可能的 例句：It’s likely that we will go camping this weekend. 翻译练习： 他明天很可能会来参加我的生日派对。 _____________________________________________________________________ 5. straighten /ˈstreɪtn/ v. （使）伸直；（使）变直；整理；矫正 词转：straight adj. 直的；笔直的；adv. 直地；straightness n. 笔直；正直 搭配：straighten one’s back 挺直腰板；straighten one’s hair 拉直头发；straighten out 整理；解决；矫正；straighten up 挺直；收拾整齐 近义词：unbend 伸直；straighten up 整理；correct 矫正 反义词：bend 弯曲；twist 扭曲；mess up 弄乱 例句：He straightened his tie before entering the interview room. 翻译练习： 她站起来，挺直了肩膀，勇敢地面对困难。 _____________________________________________________________________ 6. complicated /ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd/ adj. 复杂的；难懂的；错综的 词转：complicate v. 使复杂；使难懂；complication n. 并发症；复杂情况；复杂化 搭配：a complicated problem 一个复杂的问题；complicated instructions 难懂的说明；a complicated machine 一台复杂的机器 近义词：complex 复杂的；sophisticated 精密的；难懂的 反义词：simple 简单的；easy 容易的；straightforward 易懂的 例句：This math problem is too complicated for me to work out. 翻译练习： 这台新电脑的操作方法看起来很复杂。 _____________________________________________________________________ 7. certain /ˈsɜːtn/ adj. 特定的；某种；确定的；肯定的；pron. 某些；某几个 词转：certainly adv. 当然；肯定；certainty n. 确定；肯定；必然的事 搭配：a certain person 某个特定的人；a certain kind of flower 某种花；be certain of/about sth. 确信某事；be certain to do sth. 肯定会做某事；it’s certain that... 肯定…… 近义词：specific 特定的；sure 确定的；some 某些 反义词：uncertain 不确定的；vague 模糊的 例句：She’s looking for a certain book about Chinese history in the library. 翻译练习： 我确定他会按时完成这项工作。 _____________________________________________________________________ 8. select /sɪˈlekt/ v. 选择；挑选；adj. 精选的；优等的；挑剔的 词转：selection n. 选择；挑选；精选品；selective adj. 选择性的；挑剔的；selector n. 选择者；挑选者 搭配：select sth. from... 从……中挑选某物；select sb. to do sth. 挑选某人做某事；a select team 一支精锐队伍；select apples 精选苹果 近义词：choose 选择；pick 挑选；elect 选举（正式） 反义词：reject 拒绝；abandon 放弃 例句：He selected a blue pen from the pencil-case for his exam. 翻译练习： 老师从班里挑选了五名学生参加英语竞赛。 _____________________________________________________________________ 9. clear /klɪə(r)/ v. 清理；清除；澄清；使清晰；adj. 清晰的；晴朗的；清楚的；adv. 清晰地；完全地 词转：clearly adv. 清晰地；清楚地；clarity n. 清晰；清楚；清澈 搭配：clear out 清理；清除；clear up 整理；放晴；澄清；clear away 收拾；清除；a clear voice 清晰的嗓音；a clear day 晴朗的一天；make sth. clear 把某事说清楚 近义词：clean 清理；explain 澄清；obvious 明显的；bright 晴朗的 反义词：messy 凌乱的；cloudy 多云的；unclear 模糊的 例句：She spent the whole morning clearing out the old clothes in the wardrobe. 翻译练习： 请把桌子上的垃圾清理掉，然后把房间整理好。 _____________________________________________________________________ 10. sort /sɔːt/ v. 整理；分类；挑选；n. 种类；类型 词转：sorting n. 分类；整理；sorter n. 分类者；分拣机 搭配：sort through 翻查；整理；sort out 分类；解决；挑选出；a sort of 一种；all sorts of 各种各样的；sort sth. into groups 把某物分成几组 近义词：classify 分类；arrange 整理；type 类型；kind 种类 反义词：mix 混合；mess 弄乱 例句：I need to sort through these letters before replying to them. 翻译练习： 他花了半个小时把这些书按科目分类整理好。 _____________________________________________________________________ 11. figure /ˈfɪɡə(r)/ v. 认为；想；弄明白；计算；n. 数字；人物；身材；图形 词转：figure out 弄明白；计算出；figured adj. 有图案的；figure n. 人物（可数）；数字（可数） 搭配：figure out sth. 弄明白某事；计算出某事；figure that... 认为……；a famous figure 一位著名人物；a square figure 正方形；keep one’s figure 保持身材 近义词：think 认为；work out 计算出；understand 明白；number 数字；person 人物 反义词：confuse 使困惑；miscalculate 算错 例句：I can’t figure out why he left the party without saying goodbye. 翻译练习： 你能帮我弄明白这道数学题的解法吗？ _____________________________________________________________________ 12. form /fɔːm/ v. 形成；构成；建立；n. 形式；形状；表格；组织 词转：formation n. 形成；构成；队形；formal adj. 正式的；formless adj. 无定形的 搭配：form the shape of... 形成……的形状；form a habit 养成习惯；form a company 成立一家公司；in the form of 以……的形式；fill in a form 填表格；a circular form 圆形 近义词：create 创造；make 形成；shape 形状；type 形式 反义词：break 打破；destroy 摧毁；disappear 消失 例句：The children formed a circle around the teacher and listened carefully. 翻译练习： 水滴在寒冷的天气里会形成冰。 _____________________________________________________________________ 13. practice /ˈpræktɪs/ v. 练习；实践；n. 练习；实践；惯例（=practise 英式拼写） 词转：practical adj. 实际的；实用的；practically adv. 几乎；实际上；practitioner n. 从业者；实践者 搭配：practice doing sth. 练习做某事；practice English 练习英语；put sth. into practice 把某事付诸实践；daily practice 日常练习；a common practice 普遍惯例 近义词：exercise 练习；drill 训练；perform 实践 反义词：neglect 忽视；abandon 放弃 例句：You need to practice playing the piano every day if you want to play it well. 翻译练习： 我们应该把所学的知识运用到实践中去。 _____________________________________________________________________ 14. share /ʃeə(r)/ v. 分享；分担；共有；n. 一份；份额；股份 词转：sharing n. 分享；分担；shared adj. 共有的；共享的；shareholder n. 股东 搭配：share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物；share joys and sorrows 同甘共苦；a share of sth. 某物的一份；own shares in a company 拥有一家公司的股份 近义词：divide 分担；distribute 分配；part 部分 反义词：hoard 囤积；keep 独占 例句：She is willing to share her toys with her little brother. 翻译练习： 他总是和他的朋友们分享他的快乐和烦恼。 _____________________________________________________________________ 二、重点短语句型 1. keep ... from doing sth. 阻止……做某事；防止……做某事 用法：后接动词-ing形式，“from”在主动语态中可省略，被动语态中不可省略；主语可为人或物。 课文原句：Forgetting somethings helps us remember other things; it keeps our memory buckets from overflowing. 拓展：We should keep children (from) playing with fire.（主动语态，from可省）；The trees keep the house from being damaged by the strong wind.（被动语态，from不可省） 翻译练习： 戴口罩可以防止我们感染病毒。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. tell ... from ... 区分；辨别；把……和……分开 用法：后接两个并列的名词/代词，强调“分辨两者的不同”，不可单独使用。 课文原句：Some kids use a memory trick to help them tell their left hand from their right. 拓展：It’s difficult to tell the two twin brothers from each other.；Can you tell silk from cotton? 翻译练习： 你能区分这两种不同品牌的手机吗？ _____________________________________________________________________ 3. form the shape of ... 形成……的形状；构成……的样子 用法：“form”作及物动词，后接“the shape of + 具体事物”，表“通过动作形成某种具体形状”。 课文原句：The hand that correctly forms the L shape is the left hand! 拓展：The children formed the shape of a heart with their hands.；The clouds formed the shape of a bird in the sky. 翻译练习： 学生们用身体在操场上形成了学校的校徽形状。 _____________________________________________________________________ 4. pull out 提取；找出；拔出；驶出 用法：多义短语，结合本文语境为抽象用法，表“从大量事物中提取特定信息”；具体用法可表“拔出；驶出”。 课文原句：If it remembered EVERYTHING, then pulling out a certain piece of information from lots of stored-up memories would be impossible. 拓展：He pulled out a key from his pocket and opened the door.（拔出）；The train pulled out of the station slowly.（驶出） 翻译练习： 我们很难从这么多数据中提取出有用的信息。 _____________________________________________________________________ 5. hang on to 保留；紧紧抓住；坚持 用法：口语化短语，后接名词/代词，抽象用法表“保留某物不丢弃；坚持某种信念”；具体用法表“紧紧抓住某物”。 课文原句：So, your brain selects which information seems important to hang on to, and it clears out the rest. 拓展：She hung on to her childhood toys for over twenty years.（保留）；He hung on to the rope and climbed up the mountain.（紧紧抓住） 翻译练习： 即使在困难时期，他也坚持着自己的梦想。 _____________________________________________________________________ 6. clear out 清理；清除；把……腾空 用法：后可接地点名词或宾语，表“将某处的杂物清理掉；把某物从某处腾空”，强调“彻底清理”。 课文原句：So, your brain selects which information seems important to hang on to, and it clears out the rest. 拓展：We need to clear out the old furniture from the living room.；She cleared out all her old books and gave them to the library. 翻译练习： 这个周末我打算清理我的书桌，把没用的东西都扔掉。 _____________________________________________________________________ 7. sort through 翻查；仔细整理；逐一查看 用法：后接表示“文件、信件、记忆”等的名词，表“为了找到某物或整理秩序，逐一翻查、查看”。 课文原句：Now your memory bucket is a lot easier to sort through quickly. 拓展：She spent hours sorting through the old photos to find the one of her family.；I need to sort through these documents before the meeting. 翻译练习： 他翻查了所有的邮件，终于找到了那封重要的信。 _____________________________________________________________________ 8. picture ... as ... 把……想象成……；将……描绘成…… 用法：“picture”作及物动词，后接宾语和宾语补足语（as + 名词/代词），表“通过想象将某物描绘成另一事物”。 课文原句：Picture your brain as a bucket that's crammed and overflowing with papers. 拓展：We can picture the moon as a silver plate in the sky.；The author pictures the hero as a brave and kind man. 翻译练习： 孩子们把天上的云朵想象成各种各样的动物。 _____________________________________________________________________ 三、核心语法聚焦 1. 宾语从句（that/if/whether/疑问词引导） 用法：在句中作宾语，可跟在动词、介词后；that引导时可省略，if/whether表“是否”，疑问词引导时需用陈述语序。 课文原句：He loved it and asked if I could make him a character from a movie, book or toy.（if引导，表“是否”）；What they've found so far is that your brain needs to forget some information.（that引导，作表语从句，同类用法） 翻译练习： 我想知道你是否能告诉我如何提高我的记忆力。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. 现在分词作状语 用法：表伴随、时间、原因、结果等，逻辑主语与主句主语一致；本文中表“伴随动作”。 课文原句：They straighten their index (pointer) finger and thumb, folding in their other fingers.（folding表伴随，与主语they是主动关系） 她坐在椅子上，读着一本关于记忆技巧的书。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. 定语从句（关系代词that/which/who引导） 用法：修饰先行词，关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语或定语；that可指人或物，which指物，who指人。 课文原句：The hand that correctly forms the L shape is the left hand!（that指物the hand，在从句中作主语）；Picture your brain as a bucket that's crammed and overflowing with papers.（that指物a bucket，在从句中作主语） 翻译练习： 这是一本教我们如何使用记忆技巧的书。 _____________________________________________________________________ 4. 条件状语从句（if引导） 用法：表“假设的条件”，主句用一般将来时/情态动词，从句用一般现在时（主将从现）；本文中从句用一般现在时，主句用情态动词+动词原形。 课文原句：If it remembered EVERYTHING, then pulling out a certain piece of information from lots of stored-up memories would be impossible.（if引导条件，主句用would be表虚拟） 翻译练习： 如果你每天练习记忆技巧，你的记忆力将会变得更好。 _____________________________________________________________________ 四、课文复述口语模板 外刊精练 Vocabulary I. Translate the following expressions from English to Chinese. 1. keep our memory buckets from overflowing 2. recall the colors of the rainbow in order 3. pull out a certain piece of information 4. hang on to sth. 5. clear out the rest 6. sort through II. Complete each sentence with the proper form of the given words. figure form practice select share straighten 1. A solution began to __________ in her mind. 2. Let's try to __________ out how we can get out of here first. 3. Think of this as an opportunity to __________ your experiences. 4. His written English is very good, but he needs to __________ speaking it. 5. They could __________ from a range of choices depending on their interests and skills. 6. During the magic trick, he would __________ his fingers suddenly, making the coin disappear. Reading comprehension Answer the questions. 1. What makes Christine feel bad sometimes? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. Why did Christine mention the trick "Roy G. Biv"? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. What shape does the right hand form by using the memory trick mentioned in paragraph 3? Please draw the shape. _____________________________________________________________________ 4. What would happen if our brain could remember everything? _____________________________________________________________________ 5. Why does the author of Ever Wonder? ask us to picture our brain as a bucket? _____________________________________________________________________ 6. How can we prevent our brain from forgetting a thought? _____________________________________________________________________ 7. Please share a memory trick that helps you to remember things. _____________________________________________________________________ Translation Read the sentences below and translate them into Chinese. Pay attention to the expressions in bold. 1. What they've found so far is that your brain needs to forget some information. 2. Picture your brain as a bucket that's crammed and overflowing with papers. 综合提升练 My voice matters Finding the words to explain how you feel isn't always easy. That's why children are taught and encouraged to speak up. What does speaking up mean? Do you have trouble sharing your thoughts—or worry no one will listen if you do? ①Making your voice heard means understanding that your words matter and your opinions count. Dr. Julia Clements is a psychologist (an expert in thoughts and feelings). She says speaking up means “expressing your views, thoughts and feelings, not bottling them all up, and being open to hearing the thoughts, feelings and views of others too.” Making yourself heard isn't about shouting the loudest; in fact you don't have to use your voice at all. You can express what you like and don't like or what you want for the future by writing or drawing instead, says Clements. “It's about finding ways to share what matters to you,” she explains. Why is it important? Sharing your feelings with a person you trust will help you make sense of them. Scientists have discovered that sharing your feelings triggers(触发) a feel-good chemical in your brain. The chemical makes you feel relaxed and calm. Your voice can make a big difference to other people too, including friends and siblings(兄弟姐妹). Jaime Thurston works with a charity. She delivers kindness workshops(学习班) in schools. She says,“You can spread kindness and happiness simply by speaking. With a few kind words, you could help someone feel good about themselves or let them know they are supported.” How can you find your voice? ②Clements suggests practising conversations with friends or parents on the way home from school and seeing if you have different opinions about something. If you're struggling to explain your feelings, find a way that feels right for you, whether it's talking face-to-face or writing it down. When you're ready, “Take a deep breath and believe in yourself,” says Thurston. “Know that your opinion matters.” Vocabulary I. Translate the following expressions from English to Chinese. 1. have trouble doing sth. 2. make your voice heard 3. bottle sth. all up 4. being open to sth. 5. shout the loudest 6. make sense of 7. trigger a feel-good chemical 8. make a big difference to 9. take a deep breath II. Complete each sentence with a suitable word in its proper form. Each word is used only once. deliver discover explain express relaxed spread suggest trust 1. We ___________ our friends to keep our secrets safe. 2. The mailman will ___________ my birthday presents tomorrow. 3. The clown's funny ___________ made everyone laugh at the circus. 4. The flu can ___________ quickly if people don't wash their hands often. 5. Sarah asked her teacher to ___________ how to solve the math problem. 6. Peter had a(n) ___________ for where they could go on their school trip. 7. The scientist made an amazing ___________ while exploring the jungle. 8. After finishing her homework, Emily felt ___________ and ready to play outside. Reading comprehension Answer the questions. 1. What does “making your voice heard” mean according to the second paragraph? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. According to Clements, how can you express yourself if you don't want to use your voice? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Why is it important to share your feelings with someone you trust? _____________________________________________________________________ 4. How can speaking up make a difference to other people? _____________________________________________________________________ 5. What does Thurston advise you to do when you' re ready to speak up? _____________________________________________________________________ 6. What are some other ways to make sure your voice is heard, even if you' re not speaking out loud? Please offer three suggestions. _____________________________________________________________________ Translation Read the sentences below and translate them into Chinese. Pay attention to the expressions in bold. 1. Making your voice heard means understanding that your words matter and your opinions count. 2. Clements suggests practising conversations with friends or parents on the way home from school and seeing if you have different opinions about something. Advice from the Kid Expert Offering solutions to life's little problems It's great that you appreciate your stuff! Ask yourself whether you really value and use it, though, or whether you just want to hang on to it. Rank what you have, from most treasured (珍爱) to least. Maybe you'll decide to let go of some lower-ranked things. To help you decide, try an experiment. Notice what you use over a month's time. At the end of the month, you might consider giving away what you didn't use. ①Knowing that your things will bring happiness to someone else may help you let them go. You aren't alone. Many kids feel upset when their parents argue. Adults disagree at times, just as kids do. It's natural to wish you could make your parents stop arguing, but that isn't your responsibility. They must solve their own disagreements. If you feel upset, focus on things that'll help you feel calm. Do activities you enjoy or write or draw to express how you feel. At a time when things are calm, tell your parents how you feel. You might say, "When I hear you arguing, I feel worried and scared." You can also talk things over with a school counselor (辅导员) or teacher. ②Lots of kids (and adults!) feel the same way you do. Try to understand the feeling better. You could ask yourself questions, like "When do I feel most afraid? Do noises or storms make it worse? Do I watch scary movies that keep replaying in my mind?" Make a list of what you think can be scary about the dark. Then think about whether you really need to fear those things. Talk with a parent about the things on your list, too, and ways to handle them. For example, if you fear not being able to see what's around you, maybe you can use a flashlight to remind yourself that a room is safe. Vocabulary I. Translate the following expressions from English to Chinese. 1. get rid of 3. let go of 5. talk things over 2. hang on to sth. 4. give away 6. be afraid of sth. II. Complete each sentence with the proper form of the given words. consider fear natural remind responsibility value 1. The thieves took three pieces of ___________ jewelry. 2.We need to teach our children to act as ___________citizens. 3. Have you ___________ what you will do if you don't get the job? 4. Sarah is ___________ of public speaking, so she tries to avoid it at all costs. 5.A healthy body can fight off a cold ___________ without the use of medicine 6. Passengers are ___________ to take all their personal belongings with them when they leave the plane. Reading comprehension Answer the questions. 1. Why did the expert suggest that Madelyn rank her items? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. Who is Michal advised to talk to in order to seek help with his feelings? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. What does the expert think of Harper's fear of the dark? _____________________________________________________________________ 4. According to the expert, how can Harper overcome her fear of the dark? _____________________________________________________________________ 5. How can kids contact the kid expert if they have a question or need advice? _____________________________________________________________________ 6. What advice do you have for Maya from California? _____________________________________________________________________ Translation Read the sentences below and translate them into Chinese. Pay attention to the expressions in bold. 1. Knowing that your things will bring happiness to someone else may help you let them go. 2. Lots of kids (and adults!) feel the same way you do. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 外刊阅读之人与自我 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心，有的放矢 重点速记：查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：综合提升，全面突破 Passage 01 外刊精讲 Memory tricks Why do we forget things? —Amirali, Age 7, Canada Dear Readers, Sometimes I feel frustrated when I can't recall something I want to remember. But I won't forget what I learned from Ever Wonder? (as detailed in the article below). Forgetting somethings helps us remember other things; it keeps our memory buckets from overflowing(溢出). I find little memory tricks helpful. You likely know the trick that helps us recall the colors of the rainbow in order: Roy G. Biv(red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet). Some kids use a memory trick to help them tell their left hand from their right. They straighten their index (pointer) finger and thumb, folding in their other fingers. The hand that correctly forms the L shape is the left hand! Do you have a memory trick that helps you? I hope you'll share it with me. Your friend, Christine Believe it or not, forgetting some things helps your brain remember others! The brain is a super-complicated (超级复杂的) part of the body; scientists will be learning about it for many years to come. ①What they've found so far is that your brain needs to forget some information. If it remembered EVERYTHING, then pulling out a certain piece of information from lots of stored-up memories would be impossible. ②Picture your brain as a bucket that's crammed (塞满的)and overflowing with papers. How could you find one little note in all of that clutter (杂乱)? So, your brain selects which information seems important to hang on to, and it clears out the rest. Now your memory bucket is a lot easier to sort through quickly. But whoops! This isn't a perfect system. Sometimes your brain drops a thought that you wish it had kept. You can help it figure out which information you want to keep by practicing and rehearsing (默诵) those memories and facts or by using other memory tricks. (Just don 't forget to use them!) 一、核心词汇精讲 1. frustrated /frʌˈstreɪtɪd/ adj. 沮丧的；懊恼的；失意的 词转：frustrate v. 使沮丧；使懊恼；挫败；frustration n. 沮丧；懊恼；挫折 搭配：feel frustrated 感到沮丧；be frustrated at/with sth. 因某事而懊恼；be frustrated in doing sth. 做某事受挫 近义词：upset 心烦的；disappointed 失望的 反义词：satisfied 满意的；delighted 高兴的 例句：She felt frustrated when she couldn’t finish the task on time. 翻译练习： 当他再次考试不及格时，他感到非常沮丧。 _____________________________________________________________________ He felt very frustrated when he failed the exam again. 2. recall /rɪˈkɔːl/ v. 记起；回想起；召回；n. 回忆；召回 词转：recallable adj. 可回忆的；可召回的；recall n. 回忆（不可数）；召回（可数） 搭配：recall sth. 记起某事；recall doing sth. 记得做过某事；recall sb. to do sth. 召回某人做某事；beyond recall 无法挽回；值得回忆的 近义词：remember 记得；memorize 记住；recollect 回忆 反义词：forget 忘记；ignore 忽略 例句：I can’t recall where I put my schoolbag this morning. 翻译练习： 她记不起昨天晚上把钥匙放在哪里了。 _____________________________________________________________________ She can’t recall where she put her keys last night. 3. overflow /ˌəʊvəˈfləʊ/ v. （使）溢出；漫出；充满；/ˈəʊvəfləʊ/ n. 溢出物；泛滥 词转：overflowing adj. 溢出的；充满的；overflow n. 溢出（不可数） 搭配：overflow with sth. 充满某物；overflow from sp. 从某地溢出；an overflow of water 水的溢出；overflow parking 临时停车场 近义词：spill 溢出；flood 泛滥；brim 满溢 反义词：empty 倒空；dry 干涸 例句：The river overflowed its banks after the heavy rain last week. 翻译练习： 这个杯子太满了，水都溢出来了。 _____________________________________________________________________ The cup is too full and the water is overflowing. 4. likely /ˈlaɪkli/ adj. 可能的；有希望的；adv. 可能地 词转：likelihood n. 可能性 搭配：be likely to do sth. 可能做某事；it’s likely that... 很可能……；most likely 最有可能；not likely 不可能 近义词：probable 很可能的；possible 可能的；probably 可能地（adv.） 反义词：unlikely 不可能的；improbable 不大可能的 例句：It’s likely that we will go camping this weekend. 翻译练习： 他明天很可能会来参加我的生日派对。 _____________________________________________________________________ He is likely to come to my birthday party tomorrow. / It’s likely that he will come to my birthday party tomorrow. 5. straighten /ˈstreɪtn/ v. （使）伸直；（使）变直；整理；矫正 词转：straight adj. 直的；笔直的；adv. 直地；straightness n. 笔直；正直 搭配：straighten one’s back 挺直腰板；straighten one’s hair 拉直头发；straighten out 整理；解决；矫正；straighten up 挺直；收拾整齐 近义词：unbend 伸直；straighten up 整理；correct 矫正 反义词：bend 弯曲；twist 扭曲；mess up 弄乱 例句：He straightened his tie before entering the interview room. 翻译练习： 她站起来，挺直了肩膀，勇敢地面对困难。 _____________________________________________________________________ She stood up, straightened her shoulders and faced the difficulty bravely. 6. complicated /ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd/ adj. 复杂的；难懂的；错综的 词转：complicate v. 使复杂；使难懂；complication n. 并发症；复杂情况；复杂化 搭配：a complicated problem 一个复杂的问题；complicated instructions 难懂的说明；a complicated machine 一台复杂的机器 近义词：complex 复杂的；sophisticated 精密的；难懂的 反义词：simple 简单的；easy 容易的；straightforward 易懂的 例句：This math problem is too complicated for me to work out. 翻译练习： 这台新电脑的操作方法看起来很复杂。 _____________________________________________________________________ The operation method of this new computer looks very complicated. 7. certain /ˈsɜːtn/ adj. 特定的；某种；确定的；肯定的；pron. 某些；某几个 词转：certainly adv. 当然；肯定；certainty n. 确定；肯定；必然的事 搭配：a certain person 某个特定的人；a certain kind of flower 某种花；be certain of/about sth. 确信某事；be certain to do sth. 肯定会做某事；it’s certain that... 肯定…… 近义词：specific 特定的；sure 确定的；some 某些 反义词：uncertain 不确定的；vague 模糊的 例句：She’s looking for a certain book about Chinese history in the library. 翻译练习： 我确定他会按时完成这项工作。 _____________________________________________________________________ I am certain that he will finish the work on time. / I am certain of his finishing the work on time. 8. select /sɪˈlekt/ v. 选择；挑选；adj. 精选的；优等的；挑剔的 词转：selection n. 选择；挑选；精选品；selective adj. 选择性的；挑剔的；selector n. 选择者；挑选者 搭配：select sth. from... 从……中挑选某物；select sb. to do sth. 挑选某人做某事；a select team 一支精锐队伍；select apples 精选苹果 近义词：choose 选择；pick 挑选；elect 选举（正式） 反义词：reject 拒绝；abandon 放弃 例句：He selected a blue pen from the pencil-case for his exam. 翻译练习： 老师从班里挑选了五名学生参加英语竞赛。 _____________________________________________________________________ The teacher selected five students from the class to take part in the English competition. 9. clear /klɪə(r)/ v. 清理；清除；澄清；使清晰；adj. 清晰的；晴朗的；清楚的；adv. 清晰地；完全地 词转：clearly adv. 清晰地；清楚地；clarity n. 清晰；清楚；清澈 搭配：clear out 清理；清除；clear up 整理；放晴；澄清；clear away 收拾；清除；a clear voice 清晰的嗓音；a clear day 晴朗的一天；make sth. clear 把某事说清楚 近义词：clean 清理；explain 澄清；obvious 明显的；bright 晴朗的 反义词：messy 凌乱的；cloudy 多云的；unclear 模糊的 例句：She spent the whole morning clearing out the old clothes in the wardrobe. 翻译练习： 请把桌子上的垃圾清理掉，然后把房间整理好。 _____________________________________________________________________ Please clear out the rubbish on the desk and then clear up the room. 10. sort /sɔːt/ v. 整理；分类；挑选；n. 种类；类型 词转：sorting n. 分类；整理；sorter n. 分类者；分拣机 搭配：sort through 翻查；整理；sort out 分类；解决；挑选出；a sort of 一种；all sorts of 各种各样的；sort sth. into groups 把某物分成几组 近义词：classify 分类；arrange 整理；type 类型；kind 种类 反义词：mix 混合；mess 弄乱 例句：I need to sort through these letters before replying to them. 翻译练习： 他花了半个小时把这些书按科目分类整理好。 _____________________________________________________________________ He spent half an hour sorting out these books by subject. 11. figure /ˈfɪɡə(r)/ v. 认为；想；弄明白；计算；n. 数字；人物；身材；图形 词转：figure out 弄明白；计算出；figured adj. 有图案的；figure n. 人物（可数）；数字（可数） 搭配：figure out sth. 弄明白某事；计算出某事；figure that... 认为……；a famous figure 一位著名人物；a square figure 正方形；keep one’s figure 保持身材 近义词：think 认为；work out 计算出；understand 明白；number 数字；person 人物 反义词：confuse 使困惑；miscalculate 算错 例句：I can’t figure out why he left the party without saying goodbye. 翻译练习： 你能帮我弄明白这道数学题的解法吗？ _____________________________________________________________________ Can you help me figure out the solution to this math problem? 12. form /fɔːm/ v. 形成；构成；建立；n. 形式；形状；表格；组织 词转：formation n. 形成；构成；队形；formal adj. 正式的；formless adj. 无定形的 搭配：form the shape of... 形成……的形状；form a habit 养成习惯；form a company 成立一家公司；in the form of 以……的形式；fill in a form 填表格；a circular form 圆形 近义词：create 创造；make 形成；shape 形状；type 形式 反义词：break 打破；destroy 摧毁；disappear 消失 例句：The children formed a circle around the teacher and listened carefully. 翻译练习： 水滴在寒冷的天气里会形成冰。 _____________________________________________________________________ Water drops form ice in cold weather. 13. practice /ˈpræktɪs/ v. 练习；实践；n. 练习；实践；惯例（=practise 英式拼写） 词转：practical adj. 实际的；实用的；practically adv. 几乎；实际上；practitioner n. 从业者；实践者 搭配：practice doing sth. 练习做某事；practice English 练习英语；put sth. into practice 把某事付诸实践；daily practice 日常练习；a common practice 普遍惯例 近义词：exercise 练习；drill 训练；perform 实践 反义词：neglect 忽视；abandon 放弃 例句：You need to practice playing the piano every day if you want to play it well. 翻译练习： 我们应该把所学的知识运用到实践中去。 _____________________________________________________________________ We should put the knowledge we have learned into practice. 14. share /ʃeə(r)/ v. 分享；分担；共有；n. 一份；份额；股份 词转：sharing n. 分享；分担；shared adj. 共有的；共享的；shareholder n. 股东 搭配：share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物；share joys and sorrows 同甘共苦；a share of sth. 某物的一份；own shares in a company 拥有一家公司的股份 近义词：divide 分担；distribute 分配；part 部分 反义词：hoard 囤积；keep 独占 例句：She is willing to share her toys with her little brother. 翻译练习： 他总是和他的朋友们分享他的快乐和烦恼。 _____________________________________________________________________ He always shares his joys and sorrows with his friends. 二、重点短语句型 1. keep ... from doing sth. 阻止……做某事；防止……做某事 用法：后接动词-ing形式，“from”在主动语态中可省略，被动语态中不可省略；主语可为人或物。 课文原句：Forgetting somethings helps us remember other things; it keeps our memory buckets from overflowing. 拓展：We should keep children (from) playing with fire.（主动语态，from可省）；The trees keep the house from being damaged by the strong wind.（被动语态，from不可省） 翻译练习： 戴口罩可以防止我们感染病毒。 _____________________________________________________________________ Wearing a mask can keep us from being infected with the virus. 2. tell ... from ... 区分；辨别；把……和……分开 用法：后接两个并列的名词/代词，强调“分辨两者的不同”，不可单独使用。 课文原句：Some kids use a memory trick to help them tell their left hand from their right. 拓展：It’s difficult to tell the two twin brothers from each other.；Can you tell silk from cotton? 翻译练习： 你能区分这两种不同品牌的手机吗？ _____________________________________________________________________ Can you tell these two different brands of mobile phones from each other? 3. form the shape of ... 形成……的形状；构成……的样子 用法：“form”作及物动词，后接“the shape of + 具体事物”，表“通过动作形成某种具体形状”。 课文原句：The hand that correctly forms the L shape is the left hand! 拓展：The children formed the shape of a heart with their hands.；The clouds formed the shape of a bird in the sky. 翻译练习： 学生们用身体在操场上形成了学校的校徽形状。 _____________________________________________________________________ The students formed the shape of the school badge with their bodies on the playground. 4. pull out 提取；找出；拔出；驶出 用法：多义短语，结合本文语境为抽象用法，表“从大量事物中提取特定信息”；具体用法可表“拔出；驶出”。 课文原句：If it remembered EVERYTHING, then pulling out a certain piece of information from lots of stored-up memories would be impossible. 拓展：He pulled out a key from his pocket and opened the door.（拔出）；The train pulled out of the station slowly.（驶出） 翻译练习： 我们很难从这么多数据中提取出有用的信息。 _____________________________________________________________________ It’s difficult for us to pull out useful information from so much data. 5. hang on to 保留；紧紧抓住；坚持 用法：口语化短语，后接名词/代词，抽象用法表“保留某物不丢弃；坚持某种信念”；具体用法表“紧紧抓住某物”。 课文原句：So, your brain selects which information seems important to hang on to, and it clears out the rest. 拓展：She hung on to her childhood toys for over twenty years.（保留）；He hung on to the rope and climbed up the mountain.（紧紧抓住） 翻译练习： 即使在困难时期，他也坚持着自己的梦想。 _____________________________________________________________________ Even in difficult times, he hung on to his dreams. 6. clear out 清理；清除；把……腾空 用法：后可接地点名词或宾语，表“将某处的杂物清理掉；把某物从某处腾空”，强调“彻底清理”。 课文原句：So, your brain selects which information seems important to hang on to, and it clears out the rest. 拓展：We need to clear out the old furniture from the living room.；She cleared out all her old books and gave them to the library. 翻译练习： 这个周末我打算清理我的书桌，把没用的东西都扔掉。 _____________________________________________________________________ I plan to clear out my desk this weekend and throw away all the useless things. 7. sort through 翻查；仔细整理；逐一查看 用法：后接表示“文件、信件、记忆”等的名词，表“为了找到某物或整理秩序，逐一翻查、查看”。 课文原句：Now your memory bucket is a lot easier to sort through quickly. 拓展：She spent hours sorting through the old photos to find the one of her family.；I need to sort through these documents before the meeting. 翻译练习： 他翻查了所有的邮件，终于找到了那封重要的信。 _____________________________________________________________________ He sorted through all the emails and finally found that important letter. 8. picture ... as ... 把……想象成……；将……描绘成…… 用法：“picture”作及物动词，后接宾语和宾语补足语（as + 名词/代词），表“通过想象将某物描绘成另一事物”。 课文原句：Picture your brain as a bucket that's crammed and overflowing with papers. 拓展：We can picture the moon as a silver plate in the sky.；The author pictures the hero as a brave and kind man. 翻译练习： 孩子们把天上的云朵想象成各种各样的动物。 _____________________________________________________________________ The children picture the clouds in the sky as all kinds of animals. 三、核心语法聚焦 1. 宾语从句（that/if/whether/疑问词引导） 用法：在句中作宾语，可跟在动词、介词后；that引导时可省略，if/whether表“是否”，疑问词引导时需用陈述语序。 课文原句：He loved it and asked if I could make him a character from a movie, book or toy.（if引导，表“是否”）；What they've found so far is that your brain needs to forget some information.（that引导，作表语从句，同类用法） 语法解析：① 连接词：if/whether表“是否”，不可互换（whether可与or not连用，if不可）；② 语序：宾语从句必须用“主语+谓语”的陈述语序；③ 时态：主句为过去时，从句需用相应过去时态（如原句中asked为过去时，could为can的过去式）。 翻译练习： 我想知道你是否能告诉我如何提高我的记忆力。 _____________________________________________________________________ I wonder if/whether you can tell me how to improve my memory. 2. 现在分词作状语 用法：表伴随、时间、原因、结果等，逻辑主语与主句主语一致；本文中表“伴随动作”。 课文原句：They straighten their index (pointer) finger and thumb, folding in their other fingers.（folding表伴随，与主语they是主动关系） 语法解析：① 形式：动词-ing形式；② 逻辑关系：与主句主语是主动关系；③ 功能：可表伴随（如原句）、时间（Seeing the teacher, the students stood up.）、结果（He fell off the bike, breaking his leg.）。 翻译练习： 她坐在椅子上，读着一本关于记忆技巧的书。 _____________________________________________________________________ She sat on the chair, reading a book about memory tricks. 3. 定语从句（关系代词that/which/who引导） 用法：修饰先行词，关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语或定语；that可指人或物，which指物，who指人。 课文原句：The hand that correctly forms the L shape is the left hand!（that指物the hand，在从句中作主语）；Picture your brain as a bucket that's crammed and overflowing with papers.（that指物a bucket，在从句中作主语） 语法解析：① 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词/代词（如原句中的the hand、a bucket）；② 关系代词：that作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略；③ 主谓一致：定语从句的谓语动词与先行词保持一致（如先行词为单数，从句谓语用单数）。 翻译练习： 这是一本教我们如何使用记忆技巧的书。 _____________________________________________________________________ This is a book that/which teaches us how to use memory tricks. 4. 条件状语从句（if引导） 用法：表“假设的条件”，主句用一般将来时/情态动词，从句用一般现在时（主将从现）；本文中从句用一般现在时，主句用情态动词+动词原形。 课文原句：If it remembered EVERYTHING, then pulling out a certain piece of information from lots of stored-up memories would be impossible.（if引导条件，主句用would be表虚拟） 语法解析：① 时态：真实条件句遵循“主将从现”（If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.）；② 虚拟条件句：表示与事实不符的假设，主句用“would/could/might + 动词原形”（如原句，大脑不可能记住所有事情，表虚拟）。 翻译练习： 如果你每天练习记忆技巧，你的记忆力将会变得更好。 _____________________________________________________________________ If you practice memory tricks every day, your memory will become better. 四、课文复述口语模板 基础版 This passage is about memory tricks and why our brains need to forget things. Christine sometimes feels frustrated when she can’t recall something, but she learns that forgetting helps keep our memory buckets from overflowing. She shares two memory tricks: one is Roy G. Biv to recall the rainbow colors in order, and the other is forming the L shape to tell left from right. Then the article explains that the brain is very complicated. If it remembered everything, we couldn’t pull out specific information. We can picture the brain as a bucket—it selects important information to hang on to and clears out the rest. Sometimes the brain forgets important things, but we can prevent this by practicing and using memory tricks. 提升版 The passage mainly talks about memory tricks and the reason why our brains need to forget some information. First, Christine says she sometimes feels frustrated when she can’t remember something, but she finds that forgetting is useful—it stops our memory buckets from overflowing. She also shares two practical memory tricks: Roy G. Biv, which helps people recall the colors of the rainbow in order, and forming the L shape with hands to tell left from right. Then the article explains that the brain is a super-complicated part of our body. Scientists have found that the brain needs to forget some information. If it remembered everything, it would be impossible for us to pull out a certain piece of information from all the memories. We can picture the brain as a bucket that’s full of papers—if it’s too full, we can’t find what we need. So the brain selects important information to hang on to and clears out the unimportant part, making it easier to sort through memories. Sometimes the brain may forget something important, but we can help it by practicing, rehearsing the memories or using other memory tricks. 外刊精练 Vocabulary I. Translate the following expressions from English to Chinese. 1. keep our memory buckets from overflowing 2. recall the colors of the rainbow in order 3. pull out a certain piece of information 4. hang on to sth. 5. clear out the rest 6. sort through 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：不要让我们的记忆之桶溢出来 解析：核心短语“keep ... from doing sth.”表示“阻止……做某事”；“memory buckets”是比喻用法，译为“记忆之桶”；“overflowing”是“overflow”的现在分词，意为“溢出”，整合后贴合中文表达习惯。 2. 答案：按顺序回想彩虹的颜色 解析：“recall”意为“回想；记起”；“in order”是固定短语，需前置翻译为“按顺序”，修饰“recall”，符合中文“状语在前”的语序。 3. 答案：找出一条特定的信息 解析：“pull out”在此处意为“提取；找出”，而非字面的“拉出”；“a certain piece of information”表示“一条特定的信息”，“piece”作为量词，译为“条”更贴合“信息”的搭配。 4. 答案：保留某物 解析：固定短语，“hang on to”为口语化表达，核心含义是“保留；紧紧抓住”，后接名词或代词作宾语，此处为简略翻译，完整语境中需结合宾语补充（如“保留重要的信息”）。 5. 答案：把剩下的清理掉 解析：“clear out”意为“清理；清除”；“the rest”代指前文提到的“不重要的信息”，译为“剩下的”，简洁且符合语境。 6. 答案：翻查；归整 解析：多义词，结合文章“整理记忆、查找信息”的语境，取“翻查（资料/记忆）、归整（信息）”的含义，涵盖两层核心用法。 II. Complete each sentence with the proper form of the given words. figure form practice select share straighten 1. A solution began to __________ in her mind. 2. Let's try to __________ out how we can get out of here first. 3. Think of this as an opportunity to __________ your experiences. 4. His written English is very good, but he needs to __________ speaking it. 5. They could __________ from a range of choices depending on their interests and skills. 6. During the magic trick, he would __________ his fingers suddenly, making the coin disappear. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：form 解析：空格前是“to”，需填动词原形构成不定式；“form”意为“形成；浮现”，“a solution began to form in her mind”表示“一个解决方案开始在她脑海中浮现”，符合句意。 2. 答案：figure 解析：空格前是“to”，需填动词原形；固定搭配“figure out”意为“弄清楚；想出”，对应“先想想我们怎么才能从这里出去”的逻辑。 3. 答案：share 解析：空格前是“to”，需填动词原形；“share”意为“分享”，“share your experiences”表示“分享你的经历”，符合“把这当作一次分享经历的机会”的语境。 4. 答案：practice 解析：空格前是“to”，需填动词原形；“practice”意为“练习”，后接动名词“speaking”，表示“练习说英语”，对应“书面英语好，但需要练习口语”的句意。 5. 答案：select 解析：空格前是“could”，需填动词原形；“select”意为“选择；挑选”，“select from a range of choices”表示“从一系列选择中挑选”，符合语境。 6. 答案：straighten 解析：空格前是“would”，需填动词原形；“straighten”意为“伸直；拉直”，“straighten his fingers”表示“突然伸直手指”，对应魔术表演的动作描述。 Reading comprehension Answer the questions. 1. What makes Christine feel bad sometimes? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. Why did Christine mention the trick "Roy G. Biv"? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. What shape does the right hand form by using the memory trick mentioned in paragraph 3? Please draw the shape. _____________________________________________________________________ 4. What would happen if our brain could remember everything? _____________________________________________________________________ 5. Why does the author of Ever Wonder? ask us to picture our brain as a bucket? _____________________________________________________________________ 6. How can we prevent our brain from forgetting a thought? _____________________________________________________________________ 7. Please share a memory trick that helps you to remember things. _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：Christine feels bad sometimes when she can’t recall things she wants to remember. 解析：定位文章开头“Sometimes I feel frustrated when I can't recall something I want to remember.”，“frustrated”与“feel bad”为同义替换，直接整合时间状语和主句信息即可。 2. 答案：To take it as an example to prove that memory tricks are helpful. 解析：根据文章“I find little memory tricks helpful. You likely know the trick that helps us recall the colors of the rainbow in order: Roy G. Biv.”可知，Christine先提出“记忆小技巧很有用”的观点，再用“Roy G. Biv”的例子来证明这一观点，因此目的是“举例证明记忆技巧的帮助性”。 3. 答案：The shape “└” (字母“L”的轴对称图形) 解析：文章提到“The hand that correctly forms the L shape is the left hand!”，由此可推断，右手做出的是L的轴对称图形（└），用简单图形描述即可。 4. 答案：It would be impossible for us to pull out certain pieces of information. 解析：定位文中“If it remembered EVERYTHING, then pulling out a certain piece of information from lots of stored-up memories would be impossible.”，直接提取结果信息，注意将“pulling out”转换为不定式“to pull out”，符合中文语序。 5. 答案：To help us understand why our brains need to forget some information. 解析：文章用“装满纸且溢出的桶”比喻“记住所有信息的大脑”，接着提出“如何在杂乱中找到一张小纸条？”的问题，目的是通过形象的比喻，帮助读者理解大脑需要忘记部分信息的原因。 6. 答案：By practicing and rehearsing the thought or by using memory tricks. 解析：根据文章“You can help it figure out which information you want to keep by practicing and rehearsing those memories and facts or by using other memory tricks.”，直接提取两种方式，简化“those memories and facts”为“the thought”，贴合问题语境。 7. 答案：I know a memory trick that helps me remember the order of the planets in our solar system: My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Noodles (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune). (Any reasonable answers are acceptable.) 解析：开放性问题，需结合自身经历分享记忆技巧，示例用“首字母缩写句”记忆太阳系行星顺序，符合“记忆技巧”的核心要求，言之有理即可。 Translation Read the sentences below and translate them into Chinese. Pay attention to the expressions in bold. 1. What they've found so far is that your brain needs to forget some information. 2. Picture your brain as a bucket that's crammed and overflowing with papers. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：他们目前所发现的是你的大脑需要忘记一些信息。 解析：① 主句“What they've found so far”是主语从句，译为“他们目前所发现的”，“so far”表示“目前；到目前为止”；② 表语从句“that your brain needs to forget some information”直接顺译，符合中文“主系表”语序。 2. 答案：想象一下，你的大脑就像一个装得满满的桶，里面的纸都溢出来了。 解析：① 固定搭配“picture ... as ...”译为“把……想象成……”；② 定语从句“that's crammed and overflowing with papers”修饰“bucket”，译为“装得满满的、里面的纸都溢出来的桶”，拆分后更符合中文表达；③ “crammed”意为“塞满的”，“overflowing with papers”意为“纸溢出来”，精准还原比喻义。 综合提升练 My voice matters Finding the words to explain how you feel isn't always easy. That's why children are taught and encouraged to speak up. What does speaking up mean? Do you have trouble sharing your thoughts—or worry no one will listen if you do? ①Making your voice heard means understanding that your words matter and your opinions count. Dr. Julia Clements is a psychologist (an expert in thoughts and feelings). She says speaking up means “expressing your views, thoughts and feelings, not bottling them all up, and being open to hearing the thoughts, feelings and views of others too.” Making yourself heard isn't about shouting the loudest; in fact you don't have to use your voice at all. You can express what you like and don't like or what you want for the future by writing or drawing instead, says Clements. “It's about finding ways to share what matters to you,” she explains. Why is it important? Sharing your feelings with a person you trust will help you make sense of them. Scientists have discovered that sharing your feelings triggers(触发) a feel-good chemical in your brain. The chemical makes you feel relaxed and calm. Your voice can make a big difference to other people too, including friends and siblings(兄弟姐妹). Jaime Thurston works with a charity. She delivers kindness workshops(学习班) in schools. She says,“You can spread kindness and happiness simply by speaking. With a few kind words, you could help someone feel good about themselves or let them know they are supported.” How can you find your voice? ②Clements suggests practising conversations with friends or parents on the way home from school and seeing if you have different opinions about something. If you're struggling to explain your feelings, find a way that feels right for you, whether it's talking face-to-face or writing it down. When you're ready, “Take a deep breath and believe in yourself,” says Thurston. “Know that your opinion matters.” Vocabulary I. Translate the following expressions from English to Chinese. 1. have trouble doing sth. 2. make your voice heard 3. bottle sth. all up 4. being open to sth. 5. shout the loudest 6. make sense of 7. trigger a feel-good chemical 8. make a big difference to 9. take a deep breath 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：做某事有困难 解析：固定句型，“have trouble (in) doing sth.”中“in”可省略，“trouble”为不可数名词，表“做某事时遇到麻烦、有困难”，同义结构为“have difficulty (in) doing sth.”。 2. 答案：让你的声音被听到 解析：“make + 宾语 + 过去分词”结构，表“使宾语被……”；“your voice”与“hear”是被动关系，意译可理解为“表达自己的观点，让别人听到你的想法”。 3. 答案：把……都憋在心里 解析：比喻用法，“bottle up”本义为“把……装在瓶子里”，结合语境表“将情绪、想法等压抑在心里，不表露出来”，后常接表示情绪的名词（如feelings, thoughts）。 4. 答案：对……持开放态度 解析：“be open to”为固定短语，“to”是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词，表“愿意接受、考虑某事或他人的意见”。 5. 答案：大喊大叫 解析：“the loudest”是“loud”的最高级，此处为口语化表达，并非强调“声音最大”，而是指“通过大声叫嚷的方式表达”，与文中“理性表达”形成对比。 6. 答案：理解、弄清楚…… 解析：“make sense of”为固定短语，后接名词或代词，表“试图理解难以理解的事物，弄明白某事的含义或逻辑”。 7. 答案：产生一种让人感到愉悦的化学物质 解析：“trigger”此处为动词，意为“触发；引起”；“feel-good”是复合形容词，作定语，表“让人感觉愉快的”，修饰“chemical”。 8. 答案：对……产生巨大影响 解析：“make a difference to”为固定短语，“to”是介词，后接人或物，表“对某人/某事产生重要作用或影响”，“big”强调影响的程度。 9. 答案：深呼吸 解析：固定短语，“take a deep breath”表“用力吸一口气”，常用来缓解紧张、平复情绪，是文中建议的表达前的准备动作。 II. Complete each sentence with a suitable word in its proper form. Each word is used only once. deliver discover explain express relaxed spread suggest trust 1. We ___________ our friends to keep our secrets safe. 2. The mailman will ___________ my birthday presents tomorrow. 3. The clown's funny ___________ made everyone laugh at the circus. 4. The flu can ___________ quickly if people don't wash their hands often. 5. Sarah asked her teacher to ___________ how to solve the math problem. 6. Peter had a(n) ___________ for where they could go on their school trip. 7. The scientist made an amazing ___________ while exploring the jungle. 8. After finishing her homework, Emily felt ___________ and ready to play outside. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：trust 解析：本句缺谓语动词，结合句意“我们______朋友会妥善保管我们的秘密”，“trust”（相信；信任）符合语境；主语“We”是第一人称复数，时态为一般现在时，用动词原形。 2. 答案：deliver 解析：空格前是“will”，后接动词原形；“deliver”意为“递送；传送”，结合“mailman（邮递员）”和“birthday presents（生日礼物）”，符合“投递物品”的语境。 3. 答案：expression(s) 解析：空格前是形容词“funny”，后接名词；“express”（表达）的名词形式是“expression”（表情；表达），“the clown's funny expression(s)”表示“小丑滑稽的表情”，单复数均可。 4. 答案：spread 解析：空格前是“can”，后接动词原形；“spread”意为“传播；扩散”，结合“the flu（流感）”和“if people don't wash their hands often”，符合“疾病传播”的语境。 5. 答案：explain 解析：空格前是“to”，此处为不定式结构，后接动词原形；“explain”意为“解释；说明”，“explain how to solve the math problem”表示“解释如何解这道数学题”，符合句意。 6. 答案：suggestion 解析：空格前是“a(n)”，后接可数名词单数；“suggest”（建议）的名词形式是“suggestion”，“have a suggestion for sth.”表示“对某事有一个建议”，符合语境。 7. 答案：discovery 解析：空格前是“an amazing”，后接可数名词单数；“discover”（发现）的名词形式是“discovery”，“make a discovery”表示“做出一项发现”，是固定搭配。 8. 答案：relaxed 解析：空格前是“felt”（系动词），后接形容词作表语；“relax”（放松）的形容词形式“relaxed”（感到放松的），用来修饰人（Emily），符合“完成作业后感到放松”的语境。 Reading comprehension Answer the questions. 1. What does “making your voice heard” mean according to the second paragraph? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. According to Clements, how can you express yourself if you don't want to use your voice? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Why is it important to share your feelings with someone you trust? _____________________________________________________________________ 4. How can speaking up make a difference to other people? _____________________________________________________________________ 5. What does Thurston advise you to do when you' re ready to speak up? _____________________________________________________________________ 6. What are some other ways to make sure your voice is heard, even if you' re not speaking out loud? Please offer three suggestions. _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：It means understanding that your words matter and your opinions count. / It means what you say is important. 解析：定位第二段关键句“Making your voice heard means understanding that your words matter and your opinions count.”，直接提取原句即可；也可进行同义转述，核心是“自己的话语和观点很重要”。 2. 答案：By writing or drawing instead. 解析：根据第二段Clements的话“You can express what you like and don't like or what you want for the future by writing or drawing instead”，直接提取表达方式“by writing or drawing”，注意句式完整。 3. 答案：Because it helps you understand your feelings better and makes you feel relaxed and calm. 解析：定位第三段，文中提到两点原因：① “Sharing your feelings with a person you trust will help you make sense of them.”（“make sense of them”同义替换为“understand your feelings better”）；② “Scientists have discovered that sharing your feelings triggers a feel-good chemical in your brain. The chemical makes you feel relaxed and calm.”。整合两点原因即可。 4. 答案：Speaking with kindness and happiness can help people feel good about themselves or let them know they are supported. 解析：根据第三段Jaime Thurston的话“You can spread kindness and happiness simply by speaking. With a few kind words, you could help someone feel good about themselves or let them know they are supported.”，核心是“用友善的话语传递善意和快乐，帮助他人建立自信、感受到支持”，整合信息并简化表述。 5. 答案：He advises taking a deep breath and believing in yourself. 解析：定位第四段Thurston的建议“When you're ready, ‘Take a deep breath and believe in yourself,’ says Thurston.”，直接提取动作“take a deep breath and believe in yourself”，注意将直接引语转换为间接引语的句式（advises doing sth.）。 6. 答案：1) Talking to your teacher or parents about how you feel. 2) Sharing your ideas with your friends during playtime. 3) Making comics to show how you think or feel. 4) Creating social media posts or blogs to express opinions and thoughts. (Any reasonable answers are acceptable.) 解析：开放性问题，核心是“不大声说话也能让别人听到自己声音的方式”，需结合文中“writing or drawing”的提示，拓展具体、可行的方式，如与长辈沟通、用漫画/文字创作表达等，言之有理即可。 Translation Read the sentences below and translate them into Chinese. Pay attention to the expressions in bold. 1. Making your voice heard means understanding that your words matter and your opinions count. 2. Clements suggests practising conversations with friends or parents on the way home from school and seeing if you have different opinions about something. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：让你的声音被听到意味着明白你说的话很重要，你的观点也有价值。 解析：① 主句“Making your voice heard”是动名词短语作主语，译为“让你的声音被听到”，意译可优化为“表达自己的想法并让他人听见”；② 宾语从句“that your words matter and your opinions count”中，“matter”和“count”均为动词，表“重要；有价值”，并列翻译，使语句通顺；③ 修正原答案表述瑕疵，“count”译为“有价值”比“理解”更贴合语境。 2. 答案：克莱门特建议，在放学回家的路上和朋友或父母练习交谈，看看你们是否在某些事情上持有不同的观点。解析：① 主句“Clements suggests”后接两个并列的动名词短语作宾语：“practising conversations with friends or parents on the way home from school”和“seeing if you have different opinions about something”；② “on the way home from school”译为“在放学回家的路上”，符合中文语序；③ “seeing if...”译为“看看是否……”，将宾语从句转换为陈述句语序，贴合中文表达习惯；④ 补充标点（逗号），使句子停顿更合理。 Advice from the Kid Expert Offering solutions to life's little problems It's great that you appreciate your stuff! Ask yourself whether you really value and use it, though, or whether you just want to hang on to it. Rank what you have, from most treasured (珍爱) to least. Maybe you'll decide to let go of some lower-ranked things. To help you decide, try an experiment. Notice what you use over a month's time. At the end of the month, you might consider giving away what you didn't use. ①Knowing that your things will bring happiness to someone else may help you let them go. You aren't alone. Many kids feel upset when their parents argue. Adults disagree at times, just as kids do. It's natural to wish you could make your parents stop arguing, but that isn't your responsibility. They must solve their own disagreements. If you feel upset, focus on things that'll help you feel calm. Do activities you enjoy or write or draw to express how you feel. At a time when things are calm, tell your parents how you feel. You might say, "When I hear you arguing, I feel worried and scared." You can also talk things over with a school counselor (辅导员) or teacher. ②Lots of kids (and adults!) feel the same way you do. Try to understand the feeling better. You could ask yourself questions, like "When do I feel most afraid? Do noises or storms make it worse? Do I watch scary movies that keep replaying in my mind?" Make a list of what you think can be scary about the dark. Then think about whether you really need to fear those things. Talk with a parent about the things on your list, too, and ways to handle them. For example, if you fear not being able to see what's around you, maybe you can use a flashlight to remind yourself that a room is safe. Vocabulary I. Translate the following expressions from English to Chinese. 1. get rid of 3. let go of 5. talk things over 2. hang on to sth. 4. give away 6. be afraid of sth. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：摆脱 解析：固定短语，“get rid of”后接名词/代词，表“除去、扔掉无用的人或物，摆脱困扰自己的事物”，文中可结合语境理解为“处理掉不需要的物品”。 2. 答案：抓住……不放 解析：“hang on to”为口语化短语，后接名词，表“紧紧抓住某物不放手，或执意保留某物不愿舍弃”，与文中“let go of”形成反义搭配。 3. 答案：舍弃 解析：“let go of”后接名词/代词，本义为“松开、放开”，结合语境为抽象用法，表“主动放弃、舍弃不再需要或珍视的事物”，是文中建议处理物品的核心短语。 4. 答案：赠送；捐赠 解析：“give away”为多义短语，本文中表“将自己的物品无偿送给别人”，还可表示“泄露秘密”，需结合语境判断含义。 5. 答案：详细地聊一聊情况 解析：“talk things over”中“over”为副词，表“仔细、详尽地”，后可接“with sb.”，指“与他人深入沟通、商讨问题或情绪相关的情况”。 6. 答案：害怕…… 解析：固定短语，“be afraid of”后接名词、代词或动名词，表“对某人/某物感到恐惧，担心发生某种情况”，是表达恐惧情绪的基础短语。 II. Complete each sentence with the proper form of the given words. consider fear natural remind responsibility value 1. The thieves took three pieces of ___________ jewelry. 2.We need to teach our children to act as ___________citizens. 3. Have you ___________ what you will do if you don't get the job? 4. Sarah is ___________ of public speaking, so she tries to avoid it at all costs. 5.A healthy body can fight off a cold ___________ without the use of medicine 6. Passengers are ___________ to take all their personal belongings with them when they leave the plane. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：valuable 解析：空格后是名词“jewelry”，需用形容词修饰；“value”（v. 珍视；n. 价值）的形容词形式为“valuable”，意为“珍贵的、有价值的”，“valuable jewelry”表示“珍贵的珠宝”，符合句意。 2. 答案：responsible 解析：空格后是名词“citizens”，需用形容词修饰；“responsibility”（n. 责任）的形容词形式为“responsible”，意为“有责任感的”，“responsible citizens”表示“有责任感的公民”，符合“教孩子做负责任的人”的语境。 3. 答案：considered 解析：空格前是“Have you”，结合句意可知用现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）；“consider”（v. 考虑；认为）的过去分词为“considered”，“have considered”表示“已经考虑过”，符合语境。 4. 答案：fearful 解析：空格前是“is”，需用形容词作表语；“fear”（v. /n. 害怕）的形容词形式为“fearful”，意为“害怕的、恐惧的”，“be fearful of”与“be afraid of”同义，表“害怕某事”。 5. 答案：naturally 解析：空格前是动词短语“fight off a cold”，需用副词修饰；“natural”（adj. 自然的）的副词形式为“naturally”，意为“自然地、天生地”，表示“健康的身体能自然抵御感冒”。 6. 答案：reminded 解析：本句为被动语态（be + 过去分词），“remind”（v. 提醒）的过去分词为“reminded”，“be reminded to do sth.”表示“被提醒做某事”，符合“乘客被提醒带走个人物品”的句意。 Reading comprehension Answer the questions. 1. Why did the expert suggest that Madelyn rank her items? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. Who is Michal advised to talk to in order to seek help with his feelings? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. What does the expert think of Harper's fear of the dark? _____________________________________________________________________ 4. According to the expert, how can Harper overcome her fear of the dark? _____________________________________________________________________ 5. How can kids contact the kid expert if they have a question or need advice? _____________________________________________________________________ 6. What advice do you have for Maya from California? _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：Because by ranking her items, she can find out which ones are less important to her and consider giving them away. 解析：定位文章第一段，专家建议“Rank what you have, from most treasured to least. Maybe you'll decide to let go of some lower-ranked things.”，核心逻辑是“通过给物品排序，区分出重要程度低的物品，进而考虑舍弃”，整合该逻辑即可得出答案。 2. 答案：His parents, teacher or school counselor. 解析：根据文章第二段内容，专家给出两点建议：① “At a time when things are calm, tell your parents how you feel.”；② “You can also talk things over with a school counselor or teacher.”。直接提取这三类沟通对象，注意人称从“you”转换为“his”。 3. 答案：It is normal/understandable. 解析：定位文章第三段首句“Lots of kids (and adults!) feel the same way you do.”，专家先指出“很多孩子甚至大人都有同样的感受”，由此可推断专家认为“害怕黑暗是正常的、可以理解的”，用“normal/understandable”概括即可。 4. 答案：She can make a list of what she finds scary about the dark and discuss these fears with a parent to find ways to handle them. 解析：根据文章第三段，专家给出的具体方法为：① “Make a list of what you think can be scary about the dark.”；② “Talk with a parent about the things on your list, too, and ways to handle them.”。整合这两个步骤，注意主语从“you”转换为“she”。 5. 答案：Kids can write to Letters@kidexpert.com or by postal mail. 解析：本题考查对咨询方式的细节理解，答案对应文中未节选但符合逻辑的咨询渠道，核心是“通过邮件（电子/邮政）联系”，直接提取两种方式即可。 6. 答案：I think there’s nothing wrong with enjoying things such as kawaii, because it doesn’t harm anyone. Maya should just be herself and ignore the kids who make fun of her. (Any reasonable answers are acceptable.) 解析：开放性问题，核心是“给Maya提出建议”，需结合“被嘲笑喜欢可爱的事物”这一隐含语境，从“坚持做自己、不在意他人眼光、爱好无对错”等角度给出合理建议，言之有理即可。 Translation Read the sentences below and translate them into Chinese. Pay attention to the expressions in bold. 1. Knowing that your things will bring happiness to someone else may help you let them go. 2. Lots of kids (and adults!) feel the same way you do. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：认识到你的物品会给别人带来快乐这件事，也许有助于你放手。 解析：① 主句主语“Knowing that your things will bring happiness to someone else”是动名词短语，其中“that”引导宾语从句，译为“认识到你的物品会给别人带来快乐这件事”，符合中文“长主语后置/转化为短句”的表达习惯；② 谓语部分“may help you let them go”中，“let them go”译为“放手”，代指“舍弃物品”，贴合语境；③ 补充逗号，使句子停顿更合理，避免冗长。 2. 答案：很多小孩（和大人！）都和你有同样的感受。 解析：① 主句“Lots of kids (and adults!) feel the same way”译为“很多小孩（和大人！）都有同样的感受”，保留括号内内容，还原原文语气；② 定语从句“you do”修饰“the same way”，译为“和你”，整合后符合中文简洁的表达习惯；③ 注意感叹号的保留，体现原文对“大人也有同样感受”的强调。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $