第5讲 八下Unit 3 课文预习&语法预习（寒假预习讲义）八年级英语新教材沪教版五四制

第5讲 8B Unit3课文预习&语法预习 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心，有的放矢 重点速记：查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：综合提升，全面突破 知识精讲 一、课文原文 Is There Such a Thing as a Free Lunch? Have you ever wished everything to be free? Imagine being able to walk into your favourite shop and take whatever you want without having to pay for it. It sounds amazing, doesn’t it? But have you ever stopped to think about why everything isn’t free? According to economists, our society depends on trading goods and services for money. People use their time and talents to produce goods and services for the exchange of money so that our society can keep running smoothly. If everything is free, people won’t get paid for their work. Think about it: farmers grow the food. When you buy it, they get paid for their hard work. If the food is free, farmers won’t have the money to keep growing crops and then you won’t have the chance to see and value their hard work. Although most things aren’t free, you may still come across free things from time to time. For example, many shops offer free samples of food and other products. You can also find free events and activities in shopping centres, such as concerts, festivals and films. But are these things really free? Economists will say no! In fact, they will probably reply with a well-known saying: “There’s no such thing as a free lunch.” According to them, when something is offered for free, there is still a hidden cost even if it’s not in the form of money. It might be exciting to imagine a world where everything is free. However, economists will tell you it is impossible to have a completely “free lunch”. Instead of trying to get everything for free, you might find it more valuable to appreciate the hard work of others and make better choices in your life. 二、词汇精讲 1. depend /dɪˈpend/v. 依靠；依赖；取决于 搭配：depend on sb./sth. 依靠某人/某物；depend on doing sth. 依赖做某事；depend on trade 依赖贸易 词转：dependent adj. 依赖的；依靠的（反义词：independent 独立的）；dependence n. 依赖；依靠 例句：Our daily lives depend on the hard work of farmers. 翻译练习： 项目的成功取决于天气状况。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/ adv. 顺利地；平稳地 搭配：run smoothly 顺利运转；go smoothly 进展顺利；operate smoothly 平稳运行 词转：smooth adj. 顺利的；光滑的 例句：With good planning, the project ran smoothly. 翻译练习： 有了合理的规则，交通才能平稳运行。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. hidden /ˈhɪdn/ adj. 隐藏的；隐蔽的 搭配：hidden cost 隐藏成本；hidden danger 隐藏危险；hidden problem 隐藏问题 词转：hide v. 隐藏；hiding n. 躲藏 例句：Free samples often have hidden costs for the shop. 翻译练习： 这个计划里有一些隐藏的问题。 _____________________________________________________________________ 4. appreciate /əˈpriːʃieɪt/ v. 感激；欣赏 搭配：appreciate sb.’s hard work 感激某人的努力；appreciate sth. 欣赏某物；appreciate the value 欣赏价值 词转：appreciation n. 感激；欣赏 例句：We should appreciate the efforts of people who provide goods and services. 翻译练习： 我非常感谢你的帮助。 _____________________________________________________________________ 5. whatever /wɒtˈevə(r)/ pron. 任何事物；无论什么 搭配：take whatever you want 拿你想要的任何事物；whatever happens 无论发生什么 例句：You can choose whatever you like from the shelf. 翻译练习： 无论遇到什么困难，我们都应该坚持下去。 _____________________________________________________________________ 6. economics /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/ n. 经济学 搭配：study economics 学习经济学；principles of economics 经济学原理 词转：economist n. 经济学家 例句：He is interested in economics and wants to be a researcher. 翻译练习： 这门课会教我们基础的经济学知识。 _____________________________________________________________________ 7. economist /ɪˈkɒnəmɪst/ n. 经济学家 搭配：famous economist 著名经济学家；opinions of economists 经济学家的观点 词转：economics n. 经济学 例句：Many economists agree that trade helps the economy. 翻译练习： 这位经济学家发表了关于社会发展的新研究。 _____________________________________________________________________ 8. society /səˈsaɪəti/ n. 社会 搭配：modern society 现代社会；benefit society 造福社会；depend on society 依赖社会 词转：social adj. 社会的 例句：Our society needs people who work hard. 翻译练习： 好的教育对社会很重要。 _____________________________________________________________________ 9. trade /treɪd/ v. 互相交换；n. 贸易；交易 搭配：trade A for B 用A交换B；international trade 国际贸易；trade goods 交易商品 词转：trader n. 交易者 例句：Farmers trade their crops for daily supplies. 翻译练习： 两国之间的贸易让商品更丰富了。 _____________________________________________________________________ 10. exchange /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/ n. 交换；交流 搭配：in exchange for 作为……的交换；exchange of ideas 思想交流；free exchange 自由交换 词转：exchange v. 交换 例句：We gave them our books in exchange for their toys. 翻译练习： 语言交换能帮助我们提高外语水平。 _____________________________________________________________________ 11. goods /ɡʊdz/ n. (pl.) 商品；货品 搭配：daily goods 日用品；trade goods 交易商品；free goods 免费商品 例句：The shop sells a variety of goods. 翻译练习： 这些商品在夏天很畅销。 _____________________________________________________________________ 12. sample /ˈsɑːmpl/ n. 样品；试用产品 搭配：free sample 免费样品；product sample 产品样品；taste a sample 品尝样品 词转：sample v. 抽样检查 例句：The shop offered free samples of the new snack. 翻译练习： 我想要一份这个产品的试用样品。 _____________________________________________________________________ 13. saying /ˈseɪɪŋ/ n. 谚语；格言 搭配：well-known saying 著名谚语；as the saying goes 正如谚语所说 例句：As the saying goes, “Time is money.” 翻译练习： “早起的鸟儿有虫吃”是一句常见的谚语。 _____________________________________________________________________ 14. cost /kɒst/ n. 成本；费用；v. 花费 搭配：hidden cost 隐藏成本；cost of living 生活成本；sth. costs sb. money 某物花了某人钱 词转：costly adj. 昂贵的 例句：The cost of making this product is very high. 翻译练习： 这本书花了我50元。 _____________________________________________________________________ 15. even if 即使；纵然 搭配：even if it rains 即使下雨；even if you are busy 即使你很忙 例句：We will have the picnic even if it is cold. 翻译练习： 即使他不帮忙，我们也能完成任务。 _____________________________________________________________________ 16. complete /kəmˈpliːt/ adj. 完全的；完整的；v. 完成 搭配：complete success 完全成功；complete the work 完成工作；a complete free lunch 完全免费的午餐 词转：completely adv. 完全地；completion n. 完成 例句：She needs three days to complete the project. 翻译练习： 这是一份完整的计划，包含了所有细节。 _____________________________________________________________________ 17. completely /kəmˈpliːtli/ adv. 完全地；彻底地 搭配：completely agree 完全同意；completely free 完全免费；completely change 彻底改变 词转：complete adj. 完全的；v. 完成 例句：I completely understand what you mean. 翻译练习： 这个消息让他彻底改变了想法。 _____________________________________________________________________ 18. valuable /ˈvæljuəbl/ adj. 很有用的；有价值的 搭配：valuable advice 有价值的建议；valuable experience 宝贵的经验；valuable work 有价值的工作 词转：value n. 价值；v. 重视 例句：Her advice is very valuable for our study. 翻译练习： 这些旧照片对我们家来说很宝贵。 _____________________________________________________________________ 三、短语 1. come across 偶然遇到；碰到 搭配：come across sth./sb. 偶然遇到某物/某人；come across a saying 偶然看到一句谚语 例句：I came across a free concert when I was walking in the shopping centre. 翻译练习： 他在书店偶然遇到了一本有趣的旧书。 _____________________________________________________________________ 好题精练 （一）单词适当形式填空 请根据句意及所给单词的适当形式填空（每空限填一词）。 1. __________ (appreciate) the hard work of other people is necessary. 2. The project ran __________ (smooth) because we made a good plan in advance. 3. I __________ (come) across an old saying when I was reading the newspaper yesterday. 4. There are some __________ (hide) costs in the free sample activity that we don’t notice. 5. The __________ (economics) from different countries held a meeting to talk about international trade. 6. This book __________ (cost) me 30 yuan, but it’s very valuable for my study. 7. He spent three hours __________ (complete) the report about social development. 8. I __________ (complete) agree with the idea that we should value others’ labour. （二）句型转换 1. Our society depends on trading goods and services for money.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ our society depend on? 2. If everything is free, farmers won’t have the money to grow crops.（改为同义句，用“without”） Farmers won’t have the money to grow crops ______ ______ for everything. 3. The shop offers free samples of new products.（改为一般过去时） The shop ______ free samples of new products. 4. Even if it’s not in the form of money, there is a hidden cost.（改为同义句，用“though”） ______ it’s not in the form of money, there is a hidden cost. 5. We should appreciate others’ hard work.（改为被动语态） Others’ hard work should ______ ______. （三）选词填空（六选五） 从方框中选择合适的词/短语，并用其适当形式填空，每词/短语限用一次，有一项多余。 depend on, society, valuable, saying, cost, complete Have you ever heard the well-known 1. ________ “There’s no such thing as a free lunch”? It tells us that nothing is really free in 2. ________. Our daily lives 3. ________ the trade of goods and services. Even free samples have a hidden 4. ________. Instead of looking for free things, it’s more 5. ________ to appreciate others’ work and make wise choices. （四）阅读理解题 1. Why can’t everything be free according to economists? A. Because free things are not valuable at all. B. Because society needs money from trading to run smoothly. C. Because shops don’t want to lose money by giving free things. D. Because people will stop working if they get things for free. 2. What example does the writer give of “free things” in life? A. Free books from libraries. B. Free samples from shops. C. Free food from restaurants. D. Free clothes from friends. 3. What does “a hidden cost” mean in the passage? A. A cost that you don’t have to pay for. B. A cost that is in the form of money. C. A cost that is not easy to notice. D. A cost that is very low. 4. What can we learn from the passage? A. We should try to get as many free things as possible. B. It’s possible to have a completely free lunch in life. C. We should appreciate the hard work of people around us. D. Economists think free things are good for society. （五）阅读填表题 根据课文内容，完成表格（每空不超过4个词）。 Aspect（方面） Key Information（关键信息） Reason for no free things 1. Society needs to ________ goods and services for money. Example of “free things” 2.Free samples, free events like ________. Truth about “free things” 3.There is always a ________. Writer’s suggestion 4.________ others’ hard work and make better choices. （六）口语复述练习【自由发挥】 知识精讲 四、语法 （一）条件状语从句（if 引导） 1. 定义 由if引导的从句，表达 “如果……，就会……” 的条件与结果关系，分为 “真实条件句”（描述可能发生的情况）。 2. 课文例句解析 条件（if 从句） 结果（主句） 说明 If everything is free people won’t get paid for their work 主将从现：从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时 If the food is free farmers won’t have the money to keep growing crops 同样遵循 “主将从现” 规则 （二）目的状语从句（so that / in order that） 1. 定义 两者均引导目的状语从句，表达“为了……、以便……”，说明主句动作发生的目的（即做某事是为了达成某个结果）。 2. 共同用法 •从句中常搭配情态动词（can/could, will/would, may/might等），表“能够、可以”达成目的； •主句与从句之间无需逗号分隔。 例句： He learned to boil eggs in order that he might cook breakfast for his family. 3.同义替换） 目的状语从句（so that / in order that）可替换为“介词短语+不定式”结构，核心是“保留目的含义，简化句子结构”，具体替换方式如下： ①替换为 in order to do sth.（最通用，可前置/后置） 规则：去掉从句引导词（so that / in order that）和从句主语，将从句中的“情态动词+动词原形”改为“in order to + 动词原形”。 原句（so that）：She buys fresh eggs so that she can make egg soup. 同义句：She buys fresh eggs in order to make egg soup.（她买新鲜鸡蛋是为了做蛋汤。） 原句（in order that）：He boils eggs in order that he might feed his pet. 同义句：He boils eggs in order to feed his pet.（他煮鸡蛋是为了喂宠物。） ②替换为 to do sth.（简洁版，只能后置） 规则：语气更简洁，直接用“to + 动词原形”替换从句，用法和in order to do sth.（后置）一致。 原句：We store eggs properly so that they can keep fresh. 同义句：We store eggs properly to keep fresh.（我们正确储存鸡蛋以保持新鲜。） ③替换为 so as to do sth.（只能后置，不用于句首） 规则：用法与to do sth. 基本一致，语气稍正式，不可放在句首。 原句：She learns to fry eggs so that she can pass the cooking exam. 同义句：She learns to fry eggs so as to pass the cooking exam.（她学煎鸡蛋是为了通过烹饪考试。） 替换注意点： 当主句主语与从句主语一致时，才能用上述“介词短语+不定式”替换；若主语不一致，不可替换，只能用从句。 例：He bought more eggs so that his sister could make cakes.（主句主语he，从句主语his sister，不可替换） 好题精练 请将下列中文句子翻译成英文，用括号内指定的结构（可合理添加情态动词）。 1. 她早起去买鸡蛋，以便能买到最新鲜的。（用so that） _____________________________________________________________________ 2. 为了不让鸡蛋破碎，他把鸡蛋放在泡沫盒里。（用in order that，从句前置） _____________________________________________________________________ 3. 妈妈煮了很多鸡蛋，为了分给邻居们。（用in order to do sth.） _____________________________________________________________________ 4. 我们应该把鸡蛋和洋葱分开放，以免串味。（用so as to do sth.，提示：串味→mix flavors） _____________________________________________________________________ 5. 他学习做茶叶蛋，以便在早餐店售卖。（用so that） _____________________________________________________________________ 综合提升练 一、单项选择 1．Linda raised her voice ________ we could hear her clearly. A．for B．so that C．as D．because 2．He plans to start working after graduation ________ he won’t depend on his parents any more. A．though B．unless C．so that D．as soon as 3．You’d better use the GPS during the trip __________ you won’t lose way. A．as soon as B．so that C．because D．now that 4．When hearing the fire engine, we should wave and shout _________ firemen can find us. A．as soon as B．now that C．in order to D．so that 5．He plans to have a good rest ________ he’ll have enough energy to continue his work. A．as soon as B．in order to C．so that D．now that 6．The boy hid his new iPhone in his desk ________ the teacher couldn’t see it. A．because B．unless C．though D．so that 7．I want to buy a windbreaker ________ I will look more handsome. A．so that B．in order to C．so as to D．so 8．—I’m angry because Jane brought my dictionary without asking me. —It’s not a big deal. You should talk to her ________ she can remember it. A．such that B．because C．in order to D．so that 9．The exchange students ________ warmly welcomed if they ________ to Shanghai. A．are, comes B．is, will come C．will be, come D．will be, will come 10．_______ you want to find out more about “Pegasus”, you can watch it on Bilibili. A．When B．Although C．If D．Until 11．It ________ much easier for people in Kunming to go to Chongqing ________ the Chongqing-Kunming High-speed Rail is built. A．will be; unless B．will be; if C．was; as soon as D．was; as long as 12．If it ________ tomorrow, I will not go there by bike. A．rained B．rains C．to rain D．is going to rain 二、选词填空 将下列单词或短语前的字母填入空格。每个单词或短语只能填一次。 A．seemed  B．completely C． restaurant  D．have to  E. exciting  F. shows  G. bored This Thursday, across the US, kids are skipping school(缺课) and going to work with their parents. They will be making copies, sending faxes(传真) and sweeping floors. This is because April 28 is Take Our Sons and Daughters to Work Day all over the US. This holiday 13 kids what it means to be a grown-up in the working world. I still remember when this day started, I was very happy. Not only did I have the chance to miss school, but I also got to sit in my dad’s taxi all day long and we would go to a 14 for lunch. But after only 20 minutes of driving around the city. I was very 15 . I couldn’t read my book in the car as I would get carsick(晕车) and my dad didn’t like to turn on the radio. I got hot and uncomfortable. People wouldn’t get into his taxi because they thought he already had a passenger: me—so nothing happened. It 16 years before we went out for lunch. I actually started to miss school. While the point of the day is to give kids a chance to experience real-life jobs and give them an idea of the possibilities(可能性) for their futures, I got something 17 different from the day. I learned to appreciate(重视) school. Where else do you get to play with your friends, do science experiments, read great books and write stories all in one day? Just as you’ll 18 learn to love your job later in life, learn to love school now. If you don’t already, try spending the day at work with your dad. Complete the following passages with the words in the box. Each can be used only once.（将下列单词的字母编号填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次。） A．rubbish   B．harmful   C． problem   D．protect   E. serious   F. from   G. chemicals Water pollution affects all the water bodies of the world such as lakes, rivers, the sea and groundwater. Water pollution is 19 to people, plants, fish and birds. Pollution of drinking water is a 20 for half of the world’s population. Among the 250 million people who get sick because of water pollution, 5 to 10 million of them die. As water pollution is getting more and more 21 , nobody on the Earth should still relax and do nothing about it. Some of us are used to pouring sewage and harmful chemicals into rivers and lakes, and others throw 22 into them. So, many rivers, lakes and seas have become the home of cans, bottles, glass and plastics. It’s time for us to stop doing that. We should also try not to use 23 . If necessary, use as few as possible. At the same time, we should try to use other ways to kill weeds and bugs. For example, we can pull weeds by hand. Pet waste pollutes our water, too. So we need to put pet waste in the garbage bag. Technology can be used to prevent water pollution. Building sewage treatment plants is a good way of returning water to a river without causing pollution. We can protect our valuable water in only one way: preventing the harmful chemicals 24 entering our water! Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once（将下列单词或词组填入空格。每词使用一次） A．added   B．throughout   C． culture   D．through   E. hero   F. locals   G. serve   H. as well as Music, coffee and waltz are known as Vienna’s “Three Treasures”. And when people in Vienna talk about music, they talk about it over a cup of coffee—another important part of Viennese 25 . In 1683, a Polish man saved Vienna from the Turkish army. To thank him, the Viennese offered their 26 a choice of anything the Turkish army had left behind. Taking no notice of the gold, he chose three hundred bags of strange dry beans. Nobody else wanted them, but he knew what they were—coffee beans. With these beans, he opened the first coffee house in Vienna. Since the Viennese preferred tea at that time, the clever Polish man 27 cream and sugar to improve the bitter taste of coffee. Quickly, this smooth-tasting coffee was so popular that coffee houses soon opened 28 the city. Perhaps that’s just a legend, but every Viennese learns it at school. Many coffee houses even say that they are the one the Polish man first opened. As perfect places for lively discussions, they attract many artists and thinkers, 29 the tourists. You can take a seat where probably Johann Strauss once sat, sip your coffee and chat with the 30 . The art on the walls and music in the air give Viennese coffee houses a pleasant atmosphere. Complete the following passage with the words or expressions in the box. Each can only be used once.  (用方框内词完成短文，每词使用一次) A．night           B．look for          C． sadder         D．happier E. accurately         F. complete          G. same For most of us, having a plan for the future is a key point to be successful. This means setting goals (设定目标) for ourselves, and finding ways to achieve them. If you are feeling bored, it may be time to realize the importance of setting goals. It is a fact: when you have goals to guide yourselves, you will be 31 because achieving a goal brings you feelings of pleasure. Here are some ways you can begin to move toward achieving your goals when you meet some difficulties. Write down your goals and the date when you are going to 32 them. It can prevent you from leaving your goals unclear. Your goals can be measured. And you can write down what your reward will be for achieving the goals. Then read the paper each morning and night. Think of everything that might stand in your way. Then decide what you can do to reduce the effect of each difficulty and increase the chances that you will be successful in reaching your goal. Know 33 what you will get from reaching your goals, and it will make you not stop. Learn what you need to learn. Think about what keeps you from achieving your goals, then study and work hard. Find a friend who has the 34 goals as you. Get him or her to learn English together, or to give up smoking with you, or to share healthy meals. It is important for you to 35 someone who has already achieved the goals you try to reach. Ask them for advice. Find how they become successful and put what you learn into your plan. Complete the following passage with the words or expressions in the box. Each can only be used once.  (用方框内词完成短文，每词使用一次) A．surprise  B．includes  C． suppose  D．local  E. exploring  F. lights Bonjour! I’m Sophie from Sunshine Travel, and I'd love to take you on an amazing adventure to France! France is a magical place full of art, delicious food, and breathtaking sights. Let me tell you all about it! First, imagine standing under the Eiffel Tower in Paris—it’s even more beautiful at night when it 36 up! In Paris, you’ll visit the Louvre Museum to-see the famous Mona Lisa and take a relaxing boat ride along the Seine River. After three days of 37 the city and shopping, we’ll take a train to Southern France. There, you’ll walk through endless fields and visit villages. It’s a place where you can take photos that look like paintings! Next, you’ll spend two days swimming in the Mediterranean Sea and eating ice cream by the beach. If you love castles, don’t worry—on the way, we can stop at the Loire Valley to visit grand castles like Château de Chambord. This wonderful 7-day trip costs €1,500 per person. The price 38 your hotels, breakfast every morning, train tickets between cities, and a friendly guide who will share fun stories and 39 secrets. At Sunshine Travel, we make everything easy and fun. Ready for an unforgettable trip? France is waiting to 40 you with its beauty, flavors, and warmth. Contact Sunshine Travel today! Complete the following passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once: A．according to　 B．unsafe　   C． government D．decided     E. in addition  F. worked out G. turning Darker nights for areas of England Many people in England now have to walk down dark streets at nights. The councils of about three quarters of England’s counties and boroughs (市镇) have 41 to switch off their street lights after midnight, 42 a BBC report on December 22nd. It is due to tight council budgets and the high cost of electricity. But people are against the move. They said it would make the roads unsafe. Councils should focus more on low-energy lighting rather than 43 down street lights. TV ads to show safer behavior Do you often hear kids say “Mum, I want this!” in a TV advertisement? Soon it may not be allowed. The 44 is making changes to the Advertisement Law and has 45 a draft. It says that ads should not include content that makes minors (未成年人) ask their parents to buy things. Also ads should not show 46 behaviour because minors may copy them. 三、句型转换 47．People plant trees in order to have a green environment. (保持句义不变) People plant trees they can have a green environment. 48．Linda got up early so that she could get to the meeting hall on time.（改为简单句） Linda got up early in get to the meeting hall on time. 49．I made an early start in order to catch the train. (保持句意不变) I made an early start I catch the train. 50．He got up early in order to catch the first bus. (句意不变) He got up early he could catch the first bus. 51．Tell him the truth at once, or he will be angry. (改为if引导的条件句) don’t tell him the truth at once, he will be angry. 52．You must start early, or you’ll miss the train. you start early, you will miss the train. 53．Study hard. Then you will pass the test. (合并) study hard, you will pass the test. 54．Put on the glasses, and you’ll see more clearly. (改为同义句) you don’t put on the glasses, you see more clearly. 55．Get up early, or you will be late for the meeting.(改为同义句) you get up early, you will be late for the meeting. 四、补全对话 根据对话内容，从选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A: Hi, Tina. What did you do at the weekend? B: I visited an exhibition in the museum. A: 56 B: It was wonderful! It was about the great inventions in China. A: 57 B: The compass (指南针). 58 A: Hmm, I’m not sure about it. B: It looked like a spoon! I think it was a useful invention. Without it, ancient people wouldn’t be able to travel around the world. A: 59 It played an important role in navigation (航海)． B: 60 We are proud of them. A: I think we should learn from them and invent more great things. A．I suppose so. B．I don’t agree with you. C．What did you think of it? D．Which invention did you like best? E．How clever our ancestors (祖先) were! F．I don’t want to know what it was used for. G．Do you know what the first Chinese compass looked like? 根据对话内容，从选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A: Hello, David! What did you do last weekend? B: 61 I enjoyed it very much. A: 62 B: It’s a comedy cartoon movie. A: Is it Curious Tales of a Temple (《聊斋：兰若寺》)？ B: That’s right. 63 So, the cinema was very crowded when I arrived. Have you watched it, too? A: Yes. The story has touched my heart. 64 B: By the way, I have two tickets for another movie this Friday evening. 65 A: Sure. I’d love to. B: OK. I’ll call you then. See you! A．What kind of movie is it? B．Would you like to watch it with me? C．I didn’t want to watch it again. D．Many parents took their children to watch the movie. E．I went to watch a movie which was directed by Cui Yuemei. F．The characters in the movie are really lovely. G．I heard this movie has got a very high score online. 阅读下面的对话，根据上下文，选择恰当的选项补全对话，使句意完整、符合逻辑。(其中有两项为多余选项) Mike: You seem to be lost. 66 Jane: I’m going to Dragon Fruit Farm. 67 Mike: Well, it’s far from here. You’d better take a bus. Jane: 68 Mike: At least half an hour. Jane: I see. Can you please tell me which bus I should take? Mike: I’m not quite sure. 69 Jane: Thanks. Could you show me the nearest bus stop? Mike: Sure. Go along this street and turn left at the first crossing. 70 Jane: Thank you very much. A．It closes at 7:00 today. B．What can I do for you? C．How long does it take by bus? D．You’ll see it just in front of you. E．No problem. You don’t need to rush. F．Could you please tell me how I can get there? G．You can check it yourself on the map at the bus stop. 阅读下面的对话，根据上下文，选择恰当的选项补全对话，使句意完整、符合逻辑。（其中有两项为多余选项） （Stephen and Ms Lee are talking about future classrooms. A is for Stephen; B is for Ms Lee.） A: Ms Lee, I watched a video about “future classrooms” online yesterday—it looked so cool! B: 71 A: I saw many students sitting at their desks with special glasses on. They could “walk” in a big forest, and they were still in the classroom! B: That’s VR. It will be common in classrooms later. It lets students learn about nature or history, as if they are really there. 72 A: Wow, that’s amazing! 73 B: Yes! Robots will help students, or even be like small teachers. Some robots are already in schools to teach in new ways. A: 74 Will technology bring other good things? B: Of course. It will make new ways to teach, and help make learning problems easier to solve. A: 75 B: I hope so too! It will make learning much more exciting for you all. A．What did you see in the video? B．Will robots be in classrooms, too? C．What will robots be like in the future? D．I hope we can have that kind of classroom soon! E．That sounds much more fun than normal classes! F．So they don’t need to go out to “visit” those places. G．Many schools are already trying VR in classes now. 阅读对话，从所给选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Betty: 76 . Tony: Tom Sawyer, by the famous American writer, Mark Twain. Betty: I have read Tom Sawyer. Very good! Hey, we can find out about him on the Internet. Tony: Yes! OK. Look at this! His real name was Samuel Clemens and he was born in 1835 in Missouri. He left school and began work at the age of twelve. Betty: 77 . Tony: He wrote for a newspaper. Later he got work on a boat. Betty: 78 . Tony: No, he went to New York, and other cities. Betty: 79 . Tony: I don’t know the exact date (日期). But he took the name Mark Twain and became very famous in the 1860s. 80 But he didn’t come to China. Betty: Yes, I knew that. Enjoy the book. Tony: Yes, it’s good. A．He went to Europe as well. B．When did he begin his stories? C．What are you reading? D．Where did you go? E．Did he stay in Missouri? F．How do you like it? G．What did he do? 阅读下面的对话，根据上下文，选择适当的选项补全对话，使句意完整、符合逻辑。（其中有两项多余选项）。 (Lucy and Tom are talking in front of the library. Lucy=L, Tom=T) L: Technology is changing our world. 81 T: Yes, it is. With the development of technology, computers were invented. L: 82 T: It’s said that John Vincent Atanasoff invented the first computer in the 1940s. L: What a helpful invention! 83 T: Yeah, we can search for information on the computer. L: 84 T: With the development, there are lots of inventions in our daily life. L: 85 T: Let us look forward to more inventions. A．It brings lots of advantages to our life. B．We are looking for information. C．Technology also has lots of disadvantages. D．We can do many things on the computer. E．Do you know when the computers were invented? F．Voice assistant, smart sweeping robot, and so on. G．Besides this, we can play games on the computer in our spare time. 五、完形填空 In the early 1900s, American chemist Harvey W. Wiley led the famous “Poison Squad” experiment, which showed the dangers of uncontrolled food additives (添加剂) and made people realize the importance of knowing what was in the food they bought. However, it wasn’t until almost 90 years later that a law asked companies to display what was really 86 the boxes, cans, and bags in American grocery stores. Then, consumers (消费者) had clear information to help them make healthier choices. Today, it’s hard to imagine walking around a supermarket without these labels. Yet when we browse the internet—another necessary marketplace in our lives—there is 87 information about what we are “consuming” with each click. We're taking in huge amounts of digital information, often without any idea of its “nutritional” content. Just like nutrition labels (营养标签) that help you make better choices about what enters your body, content labels can help you take control of what gets into your 88 . This will reduce harmful behavior such as useless surfing and time wasted on meaningless browsing. With social media platforms under attack for creating bad feelings, a content labeling system could offer users a much-needed tool to make healthier digital choices. 89 , U. S. Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy recently suggested warning labels for online platforms. Much like cigarette packages, they should tell users about the 90 of browsing harmful content. What’s more, that’s not enough—we also need instructions. Content labels provide those. They offer a way for users to control their “diets” on the Internet. With the help of these tools, we could 91 content labels before diving into a news article or blog post. 86．A．on B．inside C．outside D．under 87．A．many B．much C．little D．few 88．A．heart B．mouth C．action D．mind 89．A．In fact B．However C．In a word D．After all 90．A．advantages B．risks C．reasons D．uses 91．A．follow B．create C．check D．notice When is bedtime? If you don’t have a phone or a watch, don’t worry. Every living thing has a built-in clock that 92 the sun. For a long time, people thought daylight tells animals when to rise or rest. When it’s light, rise. When it’s dark, rest. But in 1729, a French scientist tested this with a mimosa (含羞草) plant. The plant’s leaves folded (折叠) up at night, but when he put it in a dark cupboard, the leaves still folded and unfolded 93 . He realized that living things have a tiny clock inside them that measures day and night. This clock is called the daily cycle. Daily cycles tell our bodies when to sleep, eat, and grow. They 94 help animals know when to move or rest for the season. These clocks help living things stay in line with the sun’s light. Every cell in our body has its own tiny clock, but the brain has a main controller that keeps them working together. Like the mimosa plant, our clock counts time in 95 , but it also reacts to light. Humans have a special light sensor (传感器) at the back of the eye. These cells help signal when it’s bright or getting dark. The master clock then sends “ 96 ” or “sleep” signals to all your cells. This sensor helps reset our body’s clock. That’s why when you travel to different places, you feel 97 at the wrong times. Your body’s clock gets out of line with the local time, but soon, sunlight and darkness help reset it. So, don’t worry about missing your watch—your inner clock runs on sun time. 92．A．follows B．attracts C．shuts D．changes 93．A．in a hurry B．at once C．by chance D．as usual 94．A．only B．even C．rarely D．simply 95．A．silence B．coldness C．darkness D．blindness 96．A．wake up B．stay up C．get up D．speak up 97．A．surprised B．bored C．tired D．excited Stephen Hawkins was born in Oxford, England on 8th January, 1942. He went to school in St. Albans——a small city near London. Although he did well, he was 98 top of his class. After leaving school, Hawking went first to Oxford University where he studied physics, and then he went to Cambridge University where he studied cosmology (宇宙学). As he himself 99 , he didn’t work hard. He was a very lazy student, and did very little work. However, he still got good marks. It was at the age of 20 that Hawking first noticed 100 was wrong with him. He started to bump into things. When he visited his family at Christmas time, his mother was 101 she made him see a doctor. Hawking was sent to hospital for tests. Finally, the result came back. Hawking had motor neuron disease, an incurable illness which would make him unable to speak, breathe or move 102 the help of a machine. Doctors said they had no way to help him. He would die before he was 23. At first, Hawking became very sad, after a while, though, he began to see his life in a different way. As he later wrote, “Before my illness was diagnosed (诊断), I had been very 103 life. There not seemed to be anything worth doing. But shortly after I came out of hospital, I suddenly realized that there were a lot of worthwhile things I could do.” Hawking married, found a job at Cambridge University, and had three children. He also went on to do some of the most important scientific research. Today, Hawking still works at Cambridge University as a professor. He strongly believes that his story shows that nobody, 104 bad their situation is, should lose hope. “Life is not fair,” he once said. “You just have to do the best you can in your own situation.” 98．A．always B．possibly C．never D．also 99．A．allows B．admits C．declares D．makes sure 100．A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 101．A．too worried to B．so worried that C．worried enough that D．not worried enough to 102．A．except B．besides C．with D．without 103．A．positive about B．familiar to C．interested in D．bored with 104．A．no matter how B．no matter what C．no matter when D．no matter My father told me that there used to be a forest near our town. But the farmer who owned the forest 105 trees every year until one year, there were no trees left. One day, our teacher took us out and we had a 106 in the field where the forest used to be. While eating and drinking, we talked about the beautiful forest we once had. One of my classmates comes from a tribe (部落) that lived in the west of our country. He told us what he thought about the change. “It makes me really 107 to learn that a forest has disappeared. My people have taught me to always think seven generations in the future. That’s to say, when we do something to the land, we should 108 hurt it. We must care about nature and leave it good enough for later generations.” When we heard what he said, we kept 109 first. “Let’s plant some trees!” said our teacher after a moment. “It will be a good start!” So that’s what we did. For the rest of the spring, we worked hard and we planted thousands of trees. That was five years ago. Today, when I stand in that field which was once empty, I see trees as tall as I am. It’s great to see how we’ve 110 the field. It taught us the power of thinking about the future. 105．A．cut up B．cut down C．looked for D．looked after 106．A．picnic B．test C．wish D．lesson 107．A．tired B．excited C．sad D．hopeful 108．A．sometimes B．always C．hardly D．never 109．A．thankful B．happy C．silent D．shy 110．A．broken B．bought C．wasted D．changed Good communication is like building a strong bridge between people. It helps us understand each other better and solve problems more easily. Here are some useful tips to improve your communication skills.   First, always be a good 111 . When someone is speaking, avoid interrupting them. Instead, focus on their words and show that you care by nodding or saying “I see.” This makes the speaker feel valued.   Second, use simple and clear language. For example, instead of saying “I am experiencing dissatisfaction,” you could say “I’m unhappy with this.” Being direct helps everyone understand your 112 .   Third, pay attention to body language. Smiling and keeping eye contact show that you are friendly. On the other hand, crossing your arms might make you look 113 . A relaxed posture helps others trust you.   Fourth, ask questions when you don’t understand something. Saying “Could you explain that again?” is better than pretending to know. Questions also let the speaker know you are 114 in the conversation.   Finally, always respect different opinions. You don’t have to agree with everyone, but you should listen patiently. For instance, if a friend says, “I think summer is the worst season,” you could reply, “That’s interesting! Why do you think so?” This opens a deeper 115 .   Remember, communication isn’t just about talking—it’s about connecting. With practice, you’ll find it easier to share ideas and 116 strong relationships. 111．A．speaker B．listener C．player D．actor 112．A．feelings B．mistakes C．hobbies D．decisions 113．A．confident B．polite C．impatient D．excited 114．A．lost B．worried C．surprised D．interested 115．A．secret B．problem C．discussion D．competition 116．A．forget B．avoid C．build D．break 六、回答问题 Reading with the Fingertips (指尖) Louis Braille was born in France in 1809. When he was three, he injured an eye in an accident in his father’s workshop. Within a year he couldn’t see anything. When he was ten, he was sent to a school for the blind. Students there learned by listening to their teachers. One day, a visitor came to the school. His name was Charles Barbier. He was to have a great influence on Louis. Louis was then twelve years old. Charles Barbier had invented a new way of writing. This writing was designed to be used at night. People could read it without showing a light. Charles hoped the head of the school whose students lived their lives in darkness could use his way of writing. Louis Braille stood out among those students. His mind was quick. He was eager to learn. The head of the school invited him to meet the visitor. Charles began to show how his writing worked. Louis’s interest was aroused. Charles took a sheet of thick paper. Using a pointed instrument, he punched a series of holes to make raised dots (点) on the other side of the paper. These dots were grouped together in cells (单元格). The cells could be placed in any of twelve positions. Each group stood for a different sound. By running a fingertip over them, a person could read a message. Louis was excited by Charles’s invention. But he knew that it needed to be simpler. Instead of twelve positions for each unit, he decided to work with six. This let a reader make sense of the raised dots more quickly and easily. Louis remained at the school all his life. He taught there. He also helped to print books that used his method. Louis was a very good musician. He showed people how to write music in his way. Louis Braille played a part in changing forever the way blind people read. Because of what he completed, people everywhere who cannot see are no longer limited by blindness. 117．What happened to Louis Braille when he was three? _____________________________________________________________________ 118．Who invented a new way of writing? _____________________________________________________________________ 119．How did Louis Braille make Charles’s invention simpler? _____________________________________________________________________ 120．What do you think of Louis Braille? Why do you think so? (List at least two points.) _____________________________________________________________________ Eradajere Oleita always cares about the environment and the homeless. The 26-year-old student from the US has started a project called the Chip Bag Project. He is asking local snack lovers to do something helpful, “Don’t throw your empty chip bags away. Give them to me or other volunteers so that we can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.” Chip eaters can drop off their empty chip bags at two places: a print shop and a clothing store. After the volunteers collect the chip bags, they clean them, smooth them out, and iron (熨烫) them together. It takes about four hours to make such a sleeping bag, and each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags. Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Project has collected more than 800,000 chip bags and created 110 sleeping bags. And it is a big help to some homeless people. Sure, it would be simpler to raise money to buy new sleeping bags. But that’s only half the goal (目标) for Oleita. He wants to make a difference to the world not only socially, but also environmentally. Problems like environmental pollution and poverty (贫困) often go hand in hand. Oleita says it is time to solve the problems at the same time. 121．What can snack lovers do to help the Chip Bag Project? _____________________________________________________________________ 122．Where can people leave chip bags for the Chip Bag Project? _____________________________________________________________________ 123．How do volunteers make sleeping bags with chip bags? _____________________________________________________________________ 124．When did the Chip Bag Project start? _____________________________________________________________________ 125．What’s Oleita’s goal? _____________________________________________________________________ 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第5讲 8B Unit3课文预习&语法预习 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心，有的放矢 重点速记：查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：综合提升，全面突破 知识精讲 一、课文原文 Is There Such a Thing as a Free Lunch? Have you ever wished everything to be free? Imagine being able to walk into your favourite shop and take whatever you want without having to pay for it. It sounds amazing, doesn’t it? But have you ever stopped to think about why everything isn’t free? According to economists, our society depends on trading goods and services for money. People use their time and talents to produce goods and services for the exchange of money so that our society can keep running smoothly. If everything is free, people won’t get paid for their work. Think about it: farmers grow the food. When you buy it, they get paid for their hard work. If the food is free, farmers won’t have the money to keep growing crops and then you won’t have the chance to see and value their hard work. Although most things aren’t free, you may still come across free things from time to time. For example, many shops offer free samples of food and other products. You can also find free events and activities in shopping centres, such as concerts, festivals and films. But are these things really free? Economists will say no! In fact, they will probably reply with a well-known saying: “There’s no such thing as a free lunch.” According to them, when something is offered for free, there is still a hidden cost even if it’s not in the form of money. It might be exciting to imagine a world where everything is free. However, economists will tell you it is impossible to have a completely “free lunch”. Instead of trying to get everything for free, you might find it more valuable to appreciate the hard work of others and make better choices in your life. 二、词汇精讲 1. depend /dɪˈpend/v. 依靠；依赖；取决于 搭配：depend on sb./sth. 依靠某人/某物；depend on doing sth. 依赖做某事；depend on trade 依赖贸易 词转：dependent adj. 依赖的；依靠的（反义词：independent 独立的）；dependence n. 依赖；依靠 例句：Our daily lives depend on the hard work of farmers. 翻译练习： 项目的成功取决于天气状况。 _____________________________________________________________________ The success of the project depends on the weather. 2. smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/ adv. 顺利地；平稳地 搭配：run smoothly 顺利运转；go smoothly 进展顺利；operate smoothly 平稳运行 词转：smooth adj. 顺利的；光滑的 例句：With good planning, the project ran smoothly. 翻译练习： 有了合理的规则，交通才能平稳运行。 _____________________________________________________________________ With reasonable rules, traffic can run smoothly. 3. hidden /ˈhɪdn/ adj. 隐藏的；隐蔽的 搭配：hidden cost 隐藏成本；hidden danger 隐藏危险；hidden problem 隐藏问题 词转：hide v. 隐藏；hiding n. 躲藏 例句：Free samples often have hidden costs for the shop. 翻译练习： 这个计划里有一些隐藏的问题。 _____________________________________________________________________ There are some hidden problems in this plan. 4. appreciate /əˈpriːʃieɪt/ v. 感激；欣赏 搭配：appreciate sb.’s hard work 感激某人的努力；appreciate sth. 欣赏某物；appreciate the value 欣赏价值 词转：appreciation n. 感激；欣赏 例句：We should appreciate the efforts of people who provide goods and services. 翻译练习： 我非常感谢你的帮助。 _____________________________________________________________________ I appreciate your help very much. 5. whatever /wɒtˈevə(r)/ pron. 任何事物；无论什么 搭配：take whatever you want 拿你想要的任何事物；whatever happens 无论发生什么 例句：You can choose whatever you like from the shelf. 翻译练习： 无论遇到什么困难，我们都应该坚持下去。 _____________________________________________________________________ Whatever difficulties we meet, we should keep going. 6. economics /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/ n. 经济学 搭配：study economics 学习经济学；principles of economics 经济学原理 词转：economist n. 经济学家 例句：He is interested in economics and wants to be a researcher. 翻译练习： 这门课会教我们基础的经济学知识。 _____________________________________________________________________ This course will teach us basic knowledge of economics. 7. economist /ɪˈkɒnəmɪst/ n. 经济学家 搭配：famous economist 著名经济学家；opinions of economists 经济学家的观点 词转：economics n. 经济学 例句：Many economists agree that trade helps the economy. 翻译练习： 这位经济学家发表了关于社会发展的新研究。 _____________________________________________________________________ This economist published new research on social development. 8. society /səˈsaɪəti/ n. 社会 搭配：modern society 现代社会；benefit society 造福社会；depend on society 依赖社会 词转：social adj. 社会的 例句：Our society needs people who work hard. 翻译练习： 好的教育对社会很重要。 _____________________________________________________________________ Good education is very important to society. 9. trade /treɪd/ v. 互相交换；n. 贸易；交易 搭配：trade A for B 用A交换B；international trade 国际贸易；trade goods 交易商品 词转：trader n. 交易者 例句：Farmers trade their crops for daily supplies. 翻译练习： 两国之间的贸易让商品更丰富了。 _____________________________________________________________________ Trade between the two countries makes goods richer. 10. exchange /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/ n. 交换；交流 搭配：in exchange for 作为……的交换；exchange of ideas 思想交流；free exchange 自由交换 词转：exchange v. 交换 例句：We gave them our books in exchange for their toys. 翻译练习： 语言交换能帮助我们提高外语水平。 _____________________________________________________________________ Language exchange can help us improve our foreign language skills. 11. goods /ɡʊdz/ n. (pl.) 商品；货品 搭配：daily goods 日用品；trade goods 交易商品；free goods 免费商品 例句：The shop sells a variety of goods. 翻译练习： 这些商品在夏天很畅销。 _____________________________________________________________________ These goods sell well in summer. 12. sample /ˈsɑːmpl/ n. 样品；试用产品 搭配：free sample 免费样品；product sample 产品样品；taste a sample 品尝样品 词转：sample v. 抽样检查 例句：The shop offered free samples of the new snack. 翻译练习： 我想要一份这个产品的试用样品。 _____________________________________________________________________ I want a sample of this product. 13. saying /ˈseɪɪŋ/ n. 谚语；格言 搭配：well-known saying 著名谚语；as the saying goes 正如谚语所说 例句：As the saying goes, “Time is money.” 翻译练习： “早起的鸟儿有虫吃”是一句常见的谚语。 _____________________________________________________________________ “The early bird catches the worm” is a common saying./It is a common saying that the early bird catches the worm. 14. cost /kɒst/ n. 成本；费用；v. 花费 搭配：hidden cost 隐藏成本；cost of living 生活成本；sth. costs sb. money 某物花了某人钱 词转：costly adj. 昂贵的 例句：The cost of making this product is very high. 翻译练习： 这本书花了我50元。 _____________________________________________________________________ This book cost me 50 yuan. 15. even if 即使；纵然 搭配：even if it rains 即使下雨；even if you are busy 即使你很忙 例句：We will have the picnic even if it is cold. 翻译练习： 即使他不帮忙，我们也能完成任务。 _____________________________________________________________________ We can finish the task even if he doesn’t help. 16. complete /kəmˈpliːt/ adj. 完全的；完整的；v. 完成 搭配：complete success 完全成功；complete the work 完成工作；a complete free lunch 完全免费的午餐 词转：completely adv. 完全地；completion n. 完成 例句：She needs three days to complete the project. 翻译练习： 这是一份完整的计划，包含了所有细节。 _____________________________________________________________________ This is a complete plan, including all details. 17. completely /kəmˈpliːtli/ adv. 完全地；彻底地 搭配：completely agree 完全同意；completely free 完全免费；completely change 彻底改变 词转：complete adj. 完全的；v. 完成 例句：I completely understand what you mean. 翻译练习： 这个消息让他彻底改变了想法。 _____________________________________________________________________ This news made him completely change his mind. 18. valuable /ˈvæljuəbl/ adj. 很有用的；有价值的 搭配：valuable advice 有价值的建议；valuable experience 宝贵的经验；valuable work 有价值的工作 词转：value n. 价值；v. 重视 例句：Her advice is very valuable for our study. 翻译练习： 这些旧照片对我们家来说很宝贵。 _____________________________________________________________________ These old photos are very valuable to our family. 三、短语 1. come across 偶然遇到；碰到 搭配：come across sth./sb. 偶然遇到某物/某人；come across a saying 偶然看到一句谚语 例句：I came across a free concert when I was walking in the shopping centre. 翻译练习： 他在书店偶然遇到了一本有趣的旧书。 _____________________________________________________________________ He came across an interesting old book in the bookstore. 好题精练 （一）单词适当形式填空 请根据句意及所给单词的适当形式填空（每空限填一词）。 1. __________ (appreciate) the hard work of other people is necessary. 2. The project ran __________ (smooth) because we made a good plan in advance. 3. I __________ (come) across an old saying when I was reading the newspaper yesterday. 4. There are some __________ (hide) costs in the free sample activity that we don’t notice. 5. The __________ (economics) from different countries held a meeting to talk about international trade. 6. This book __________ (cost) me 30 yuan, but it’s very valuable for my study. 7. He spent three hours __________ (complete) the report about social development. 8. I __________ (complete) agree with the idea that we should value others’ labour. 【答案及解析】 1. Appreciating：动名词做主语，故填Appreciating（感激）。 2. smoothly：修饰动词ran，需用副词形式；smooth的副词是smoothly（顺利地）。 3. came：根据时间状语yesterday，用一般过去时；come的过去式是came，come across意为“偶然遇到”。 4. hidden：修饰名词costs，需用形容词形式；hide的形容词是hidden（隐藏的）。 5. economists：根据“from different countries”可知是“多位经济学家”，economist的复数是economists。 6. cost：描述过去的动作，用一般过去时；cost的过去式与原形一致，故填cost。 7. completing：固定搭配spend time doing sth.（花费时间做某事），故填completing。 8. completely：修饰动词agree，需用副词形式；complete的副词是completely（完全地）。 （二）句型转换 1. Our society depends on trading goods and services for money.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ our society depend on? 2. If everything is free, farmers won’t have the money to grow crops.（改为同义句，用“without”） Farmers won’t have the money to grow crops ______ ______ for everything. 3. The shop offers free samples of new products.（改为一般过去时） The shop ______ free samples of new products. 4. Even if it’s not in the form of money, there is a hidden cost.（改为同义句，用“though”） ______ it’s not in the form of money, there is a hidden cost. 5. We should appreciate others’ hard work.（改为被动语态） Others’ hard work should ______ ______. 【答案及解析】 1. What does：划线部分是“社会依赖的内容”，对事物提问用what；原句是一般现在时，主语our society是单数，助动词用does。 2. without paying：without是介词，后接动名词；“without paying for everything”对应原句的if条件句，表“没有为所有东西付钱”。 3. offered：一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式；offer的过去式是offered。 4. Though：even if与though都可引导让步状语从句，意为“即使”，可互换。 5. be appreciated：含情态动词的被动语态结构是“情态动词 + be + 过去分词”；appreciate的过去分词是appreciated。 （三）选词填空（六选五） 从方框中选择合适的词/短语，并用其适当形式填空，每词/短语限用一次，有一项多余。 depend on, society, valuable, saying, cost, complete Have you ever heard the well-known 1. ________ “There’s no such thing as a free lunch”? It tells us that nothing is really free in 2. ________. Our daily lives 3. ________ the trade of goods and services. Even free samples have a hidden 4. ________. Instead of looking for free things, it’s more 5. ________ to appreciate others’ work and make wise choices. 【答案及解析】 1. saying：根据后文的谚语内容，此处填saying（谚语），a well-known saying意为“著名的谚语”。 2. society：in society意为“在社会中”，是固定搭配，符合句意“社会中没有真正免费的东西”。 3. depend on：主语our daily lives是复数，用动词原形；depend on意为“依赖”，符合“日常生活依赖商品和服务交易”的语境。 4. cost：hidden cost意为“隐藏成本”，是课文原搭配，符合“免费样品也有隐藏成本”的句意。 5. valuable：修饰形容词比较级more后接形容词；valuable意为“有价值的”，符合“感激他人的工作更有价值”的语境。 （四）阅读理解题 1. Why can’t everything be free according to economists? A. Because free things are not valuable at all. B. Because society needs money from trading to run smoothly. C. Because shops don’t want to lose money by giving free things. D. Because people will stop working if they get things for free. 2. What example does the writer give of “free things” in life? A. Free books from libraries. B. Free samples from shops. C. Free food from restaurants. D. Free clothes from friends. 3. What does “a hidden cost” mean in the passage? A. A cost that you don’t have to pay for. B. A cost that is in the form of money. C. A cost that is not easy to notice. D. A cost that is very low. 4. What can we learn from the passage? A. We should try to get as many free things as possible. B. It’s possible to have a completely free lunch in life. C. We should appreciate the hard work of people around us. D. Economists think free things are good for society. 【答案及解析】 1. B：解析：根据课文第二段“our society depends on trading goods and services for money... our society can keep running smoothly”，社会需要通过交易获得金钱来顺利运转，因此不能所有东西都免费。 2. B：解析：根据课文第三段“many shops offer free samples of food and other products. You can also find free events and activities in shopping centres”，作者举的“免费东西”例子是商店的免费样品，故选B。 3. C：解析：根据课文第三段“when something is offered for free, there is still a hidden cost even if it’s not in the form of money”，hidden cost指“不是金钱形式、不易被注意到的成本”，即“隐藏成本”。 4. C：解析：根据课文最后一句“you might find it more valuable to appreciate the hard work of others and make better choices in your life”，文章告诉我们要感激他人的辛勤付出，故选C。 （五）阅读填表题 根据课文内容，完成表格（每空不超过4个词）。 Aspect（方面） Key Information（关键信息） Reason for no free things 1. Society needs to ________ goods and services for money. Example of “free things” 2.Free samples, free events like ________. Truth about “free things” 3.There is always a ________. Writer’s suggestion 4.________ others’ hard work and make better choices. 【答案及解析】 1. trade：根据课文第二段“our society depends on trading goods and services for money”，社会需要“交易”商品和服务来换取金钱，结合空格要求，填动词原形trade。 2. concerts/ festivals/ films：根据课文第三段“such as concerts, festivals and films”，免费活动的例子包括音乐会、节日活动、电影，任选其一即可。 3. hidden cost：根据课文第三段“there is still a hidden cost even if it’s not in the form of money”，免费东西的真相是总有“隐藏成本”，是课文原搭配。 4. Appreciate：根据课文最后一句“it’s more valuable to appreciate the hard work of others”，作者的建议是“感激”他人的辛勤工作，句首首字母大写，填Appreciate。 （六）口语复述练习【自由发挥】 Many people wish everything could be free, like taking whatever they want from shops without paying. But according to economists, this can’t happen. Our society depends on trading goods and services for money, which helps it run smoothly. If all things were free, people wouldn’t get paid for their work, and farmers, for example, couldn’t keep growing crops. We might sometimes come across free things in life, such as free samples from shops or free events like concerts. But these aren’t really free — there’s always a hidden cost, even if it’s not money. This is why there’s a famous saying: “There’s no such thing as a free lunch.” In the end, instead of trying to get everything for free, we should appreciate the hard work of people who provide goods and services. This is more valuable and helps us make better choices in life. 知识精讲 四、语法 （一）条件状语从句（if 引导） 1. 定义 由if引导的从句，表达 “如果……，就会……” 的条件与结果关系，分为 “真实条件句”（描述可能发生的情况）。 2. 课文例句解析 条件（if 从句） 结果（主句） 说明 If everything is free people won’t get paid for their work 主将从现：从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时 If the food is free farmers won’t have the money to keep growing crops 同样遵循 “主将从现” 规则 （二）目的状语从句（so that / in order that） 1. 定义 两者均引导目的状语从句，表达“为了……、以便……”，说明主句动作发生的目的（即做某事是为了达成某个结果）。 2. 共同用法 •从句中常搭配情态动词（can/could, will/would, may/might等），表“能够、可以”达成目的； •主句与从句之间无需逗号分隔。 例句： He learned to boil eggs in order that he might cook breakfast for his family. 3.同义替换） 目的状语从句（so that / in order that）可替换为“介词短语+不定式”结构，核心是“保留目的含义，简化句子结构”，具体替换方式如下： ①替换为 in order to do sth.（最通用，可前置/后置） 规则：去掉从句引导词（so that / in order that）和从句主语，将从句中的“情态动词+动词原形”改为“in order to + 动词原形”。 原句（so that）：She buys fresh eggs so that she can make egg soup. 同义句：She buys fresh eggs in order to make egg soup.（她买新鲜鸡蛋是为了做蛋汤。） 原句（in order that）：He boils eggs in order that he might feed his pet. 同义句：He boils eggs in order to feed his pet.（他煮鸡蛋是为了喂宠物。） ②替换为 to do sth.（简洁版，只能后置） 规则：语气更简洁，直接用“to + 动词原形”替换从句，用法和in order to do sth.（后置）一致。 原句：We store eggs properly so that they can keep fresh. 同义句：We store eggs properly to keep fresh.（我们正确储存鸡蛋以保持新鲜。） ③替换为 so as to do sth.（只能后置，不用于句首） 规则：用法与to do sth. 基本一致，语气稍正式，不可放在句首。 原句：She learns to fry eggs so that she can pass the cooking exam. 同义句：She learns to fry eggs so as to pass the cooking exam.（她学煎鸡蛋是为了通过烹饪考试。） 替换注意点： 当主句主语与从句主语一致时，才能用上述“介词短语+不定式”替换；若主语不一致，不可替换，只能用从句。 例：He bought more eggs so that his sister could make cakes.（主句主语he，从句主语his sister，不可替换） 好题精练 请将下列中文句子翻译成英文，用括号内指定的结构（可合理添加情态动词）。 1. 她早起去买鸡蛋，以便能买到最新鲜的。（用so that） _____________________________________________________________________ 2. 为了不让鸡蛋破碎，他把鸡蛋放在泡沫盒里。（用in order that，从句前置） _____________________________________________________________________ 3. 妈妈煮了很多鸡蛋，为了分给邻居们。（用in order to do sth.） _____________________________________________________________________ 4. 我们应该把鸡蛋和洋葱分开放，以免串味。（用so as to do sth.，提示：串味→mix flavors） _____________________________________________________________________ 5. 他学习做茶叶蛋，以便在早餐店售卖。（用so that） _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案及解析】 1. She gets up early to buy eggs so that she can buy the freshest ones.解析：“早起去买鸡蛋”是主句She gets up early to buy eggs；“以便能买到最新鲜的”是目的从句，用so that引导，从句主语与主句一致（she），搭配情态动词can，“最新鲜的”用the freshest ones指代the freshest eggs，避免重复。 2. In order that the eggs won’t break, he puts them in a foam box.解析：要求用in order that且从句前置，故先写从句In order that the eggs won’t break（为了不让鸡蛋破碎），从句后加逗号，再写主句he puts them in a foam box；“破碎”用break，“泡沫盒”用foam box。 3. Mom boiled a lot of eggs in order to share them with the neighbors.解析：要求用in order to do sth.，“煮了很多鸡蛋”是主句Mom boiled a lot of eggs（用一般过去时，符合语境）；“为了分给邻居们”用in order to share them with the neighbors，share sth. with sb. 是固定搭配。 4. We should put eggs and onions separately so as not to mix flavors.解析：要求用so as to do sth.，“把鸡蛋和洋葱分开放”是主句We should put eggs and onions separately；“以免串味”表否定目的，用so as not to mix flavors（so as to do sth. 的否定形式是so as not to do sth.）。 5. He learns to make tea eggs so that he can sell them in the breakfast shop.解析：要求用so that，“学习做茶叶蛋”是主句He learns to make tea eggs；“以便在早餐店售卖”是目的从句so that he can sell them in the breakfast shop，从句主语与主句一致，用them指代tea eggs。 综合提升练 一、单项选择 1．Linda raised her voice ________ we could hear her clearly. A．for B．so that C．as D．because 【答案】B 【详解】句意：琳达提高了嗓门，以便我们能清楚地听到她的声音。 考查连词辨析。for因为，并列连词，后接原因；so that以便，为了，引导目的状语从句；as随着；因为；because因为，引导原因状语从句。根据“raised her voice”和“we could hear her clearly”可知，提高嗓门的目的是让对方听清，空格处需用引导目的状语从句的连词。故选B。 2．He plans to start working after graduation ________ he won’t depend on his parents any more. A．though B．unless C．so that D．as soon as 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他计划毕业后就开始工作，这样就不用再依靠父母了。 考查状语从句。though虽然；unless除非；so that以便；as soon as一……就。根据“he won’t depend on his parents any more.”可知，句子表达的是“他计划毕业后开始工作”的目的，是“为了不再依赖父母”，连词so that用于引导目的状语从句，故选C。 3．You’d better use the GPS during the trip __________ you won’t lose way. A．as soon as B．so that C．because D．now that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你最好在旅行中使用全球定位系统，这样你就不会迷路。 考查连词辨析。as soon as一……就……；so that以便；because因为；now that既然。根据“You’d better use the GPS during the trip…you won’t lose way.”可知，此处指的是“这样你就不会迷路”，因此此处用so that引导目的状语从句。故选B。 4．When hearing the fire engine, we should wave and shout _________ firemen can find us. A．as soon as B．now that C．in order to D．so that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当听到消防车的声音时，我们应该挥手和大喊，以便消防员能找到我们。 考查短语。as soon as一……就；now that既然；in order to为了；so that以便。根据“firemen can find us.”可知，应该说我们应该挥手和大喊，“以便”消防员能找到我们。故选D。 5．He plans to have a good rest ________ he’ll have enough energy to continue his work. A．as soon as B．in order to C．so that D．now that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他打算好好休息以便有足够的精力继续工作。 考查so that引导目的状语从句。as soon as一……就……；in order to为了，后跟动词原形；so that以便，为了，后跟句子；now that既然。根据“He plans to have a good rest ... he’ll have enough energy to continue his work.”可知，好好休息的目的是为了有精力继续工作，空后是句子，用so that引导目的状语从句。故选C。 6．The boy hid his new iPhone in his desk ________ the teacher couldn’t see it. A．because B．unless C．though D．so that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：那个男孩把他的新iPhone藏在桌子里，这样老师就看不见了。 考查连词辨析。because因为，引导原因状语从句；unless除非，引导条件状语从句；though虽然，引导让步状语从句；so that以便，引导目的状语从句。分析语境可知，后半句是一个目的状语从句，空处表示“以便”。故选D。 7．I want to buy a windbreaker ________ I will look more handsome. A．so that B．in order to C．so as to D．so 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我想买一件风衣，这样我看起来会更帅。 考查从属连词辨析。so that以便；in order to为了；so as to以便；so所以。根据题干可知，空格后是句子，选项B和C后应接动词原形，可排除，而“I will look more handsome”表示买风衣的目的，应用so that引导。故选A。 8．—I’m angry because Jane brought my dictionary without asking me. —It’s not a big deal. You should talk to her ________ she can remember it. A．such that B．because C．in order to D．so that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我生气是因为简没问我就把我的字典拿来了。——没什么大不了的。你应该和她谈谈，让她记住。 考查目的状语从句。such that到这样的程度；because因为；in order to为了，后接动词原形；so that以便于，后接句子。根据“You should talk to her ... she can remember it.”可知，和她谈的目的是以便于她可以记住，此处要用so that引导目的状语从句。故选D。 9．The exchange students ________ warmly welcomed if they ________ to Shanghai. A．are, comes B．is, will come C．will be, come D．will be, will come 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果交换生来到上海，他们将会受到热烈的欢迎。 考查if引导的条件状语从句。根据“The exchange students...warmly welcomed if they...to Shanghai.”可知，句子是含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句，时态遵从“主将从现”，主句“The exchange students...warmly welcomed”用一般将来时，谓语结构是will do，排除选项A和B；从句“if they...to Shanghai”用一般现在时，主语是they，谓语动词用原形come。故选C。 10．_______ you want to find out more about “Pegasus”, you can watch it on Bilibili. A．When B．Although C．If D．Until 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果你想了解更多关于“飞马”的信息，你可以在哔哩哔哩上观看。 考查从属连词辨析。When当……时；Although虽然，尽管；If如果；Until直到……为止。根据分析句子“…you want to find out more about “Pegasus”, you can watch it on Bilibili.”可知，此处应该表达如果你想了解更多关于“飞马”的信息，你可以在哔哩哔哩上观看。所以应该填入if，引导条件状语从句，故选C。 11．It ________ much easier for people in Kunming to go to Chongqing ________ the Chongqing-Kunming High-speed Rail is built. A．will be; unless B．will be; if C．was; as soon as D．was; as long as 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果渝昆高铁建成，昆明人去重庆会容易得多。 考查连词辨析及时态。unless除非；if如果；as soon as一……就……；as long as只要。“the Chongqing-Kunming High-speed Rail is built”是昆明人去重庆更容易的条件，用if引导条件状语从句，遵循主将从现原则。故选B。 12．If it ________ tomorrow, I will not go there by bike. A．rained B．rains C．to rain D．is going to rain 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果明天下雨，我就不骑自行车去了。 考查动词时态。根据“If it … tomorrow, I will not go there by bike.”可知，If引导的条件状语从句，从句使用一般现在时，it为第三人称单数，使用动词三单。故选B。 二、选词填空 将下列单词或短语前的字母填入空格。每个单词或短语只能填一次。 A．seemed  B．completely C． restaurant  D．have to  E. exciting  F. shows  G. bored This Thursday, across the US, kids are skipping school(缺课) and going to work with their parents. They will be making copies, sending faxes(传真) and sweeping floors. This is because April 28 is Take Our Sons and Daughters to Work Day all over the US. This holiday 13 kids what it means to be a grown-up in the working world. I still remember when this day started, I was very happy. Not only did I have the chance to miss school, but I also got to sit in my dad’s taxi all day long and we would go to a 14 for lunch. But after only 20 minutes of driving around the city. I was very 15 . I couldn’t read my book in the car as I would get carsick(晕车) and my dad didn’t like to turn on the radio. I got hot and uncomfortable. People wouldn’t get into his taxi because they thought he already had a passenger: me—so nothing happened. It 16 years before we went out for lunch. I actually started to miss school. While the point of the day is to give kids a chance to experience real-life jobs and give them an idea of the possibilities(可能性) for their futures, I got something 17 different from the day. I learned to appreciate(重视) school. Where else do you get to play with your friends, do science experiments, read great books and write stories all in one day? Just as you’ll 18 learn to love your job later in life, learn to love school now. If you don’t already, try spending the day at work with your dad. 【答案】13．F 14．C 15．G 16．A 17．B 18．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了在美国4月28日是“Take Our Sons and Daughters to Work Day”。这一天孩子们将不去上学，他们将会与自己的父母一起去工作。作者写了一些自己的经历，用自己的亲身体会告诉我们要珍惜自己现在拥有的生活。 13．句意：这个假期向孩子们展示了在职场长大意味着什么。此处应填一个动词作谓语，结合“what it means to be a grown-up in the working world”及备选词汇，可知这是在向孩子们展示在职场长大的意义。shows“展示”符合语境，故选F。 14．句意：我高兴不仅是因为不用去上学，而且还可以坐上父亲的车，还可以去饭店吃午饭。结合“we would go to a … for lunch”及备选词汇可知，这里是指要去一个地点吃午餐。restaurant“餐馆”符合语境，故选C。 15．句意：我是非常的无聊。此处应填一个形容词作表语，结合“I couldn’t read my book in the car as I would get carsick(晕车) and my dad didn’t like to turn on the radio.”可知，在车上我既不能看书，也不能听收音机，所以会感到很无聊。bored“无聊的”符合语境，故选G。 16．句意：我们出去吃午饭似乎已经好多年了。此处应该填动词作谓语，结合前文“I still remember when this day started… for lunch.”及备选词汇可知，作者在回忆以前的事情，出去吃午饭似乎是好多年前的事情。seemed“似乎”符合语境，故选A。 17．句意：而这一天的重点是给孩子们一个体验现实生活的机会，给他们未来一种可能性的想法，我得到了与这天完全不同的东西。结合“I learned to appreciate(重视) school.”及备选词汇可知，作者完全得到了与当天不同的想法，就是开始学会重视学校。completely“完全地”符合语境，故选B。 18．句意：就像你以后必须学会热爱你的工作一样，现在就要学会热爱学校。结合“learn to love your job later in life, learn to love school now”及备选词汇可知，热爱工作，热爱学校是必须要学会的事情。have to“必须，不得不”符合语境，故选D。 Complete the following passages with the words in the box. Each can be used only once.（将下列单词的字母编号填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次。） A．rubbish   B．harmful   C． problem   D．protect   E. serious   F. from   G. chemicals Water pollution affects all the water bodies of the world such as lakes, rivers, the sea and groundwater. Water pollution is 19 to people, plants, fish and birds. Pollution of drinking water is a 20 for half of the world’s population. Among the 250 million people who get sick because of water pollution, 5 to 10 million of them die. As water pollution is getting more and more 21 , nobody on the Earth should still relax and do nothing about it. Some of us are used to pouring sewage and harmful chemicals into rivers and lakes, and others throw 22 into them. So, many rivers, lakes and seas have become the home of cans, bottles, glass and plastics. It’s time for us to stop doing that. We should also try not to use 23 . If necessary, use as few as possible. At the same time, we should try to use other ways to kill weeds and bugs. For example, we can pull weeds by hand. Pet waste pollutes our water, too. So we need to put pet waste in the garbage bag. Technology can be used to prevent water pollution. Building sewage treatment plants is a good way of returning water to a river without causing pollution. We can protect our valuable water in only one way: preventing the harmful chemicals 24 entering our water! 【答案】19．B 20．C 21．E 22．A 23．G 24．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了水污染的危害以及防治。 19．句意：水污染对人类、植物、鱼类和鸟类都有害。根据句意可知，be harmful to“对……有害”，固定短语，此处指水污染对人类、植物、鱼类和鸟类都有害。故选B。 20．句意：饮用水污染是世界一半人口面临的问题。根据“Among the 250 million people who get sick because of water pollution, 5 to 10 million of them die.”可知，在因水污染而生病的2.5亿人中，其中有500万到1000万人死亡，所以，饮用水污染是世界一半人口面临的问题。故选C。 21．句意：随着水污染变得越来越严重，地球上没有人应该对此无动于衷。根据前文“is getting more and more”后面应该跟形容词，结合方框的词可知，此处表达“水污染越来越严重”，more and more serious“越来越严重”。故选E。 22．句意：我们中的一些人习惯于将污水和有害化学物质倒入河流和湖泊中，而另一些人则将垃圾扔进其中。根据前面“throw”后面应该跟名词作宾语，结合方框的词可知，此处表达“扔垃圾”throw rubbish。故选A。 23．句意：我们也应该尽力不使用化学物质。根据前文“use”后面应该跟名词，结合方框里的词可知，此处表达的是“不使用化学物质”，所以，“chemicals化学物质”符合题意。故选G。 24．句意：我们只能用一种办法来保护我们珍贵的水资源：阻止有害的化学物质进入我们的水中！根据题意可知，prevent… from…“防止……做某事……”，固定短语。故选F。 Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once（将下列单词或词组填入空格。每词使用一次） A．added   B．throughout   C． culture   D．through   E. hero   F. locals   G. serve   H. as well as Music, coffee and waltz are known as Vienna’s “Three Treasures”. And when people in Vienna talk about music, they talk about it over a cup of coffee—another important part of Viennese 25 . In 1683, a Polish man saved Vienna from the Turkish army. To thank him, the Viennese offered their 26 a choice of anything the Turkish army had left behind. Taking no notice of the gold, he chose three hundred bags of strange dry beans. Nobody else wanted them, but he knew what they were—coffee beans. With these beans, he opened the first coffee house in Vienna. Since the Viennese preferred tea at that time, the clever Polish man 27 cream and sugar to improve the bitter taste of coffee. Quickly, this smooth-tasting coffee was so popular that coffee houses soon opened 28 the city. Perhaps that’s just a legend, but every Viennese learns it at school. Many coffee houses even say that they are the one the Polish man first opened. As perfect places for lively discussions, they attract many artists and thinkers, 29 the tourists. You can take a seat where probably Johann Strauss once sat, sip your coffee and chat with the 30 . The art on the walls and music in the air give Viennese coffee houses a pleasant atmosphere. 【答案】25．C 26．E 27．A 28．B 29．H 30．F 【导语】本文主要讲述了维也纳的咖啡文化及其历史渊源。 25．句意：当维也纳人谈论音乐时，他们会一边喝咖啡一边谈论——这是维也纳文化的另一个重要部分。根据“ Music, coffee and waltz are known as Vienna’s ‘Three Treasures’. ”及备选词可知，音乐、咖啡、华尔兹是维也纳的三大宝藏，其实就是暗含文化，culture“文化”，名词，故选C。 26．句意：为了感谢他，维也纳人让他们的英雄从土耳其军队留下的东西中任意挑选。根据“In 1683, a Polish man saved Vienna from the Turkish army. ”及备选词可知，一个波兰人救了维也纳，因此人们会称他为英雄。hero“英雄”，名词，故选E。 27．句意：由于当时维也纳人更喜欢喝茶，聪明的波兰人加入了奶油和糖来改善咖啡的苦味。根据“the clever Polish man…cream and sugar to improve the bitter taste of coffee”及备选词可知，这里指加入了奶油和糖，add“加入”，动词；此句时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式，故选A。 28．句意：很快，这种口感顺滑的咖啡变得非常受欢迎，咖啡店很快在整个城市开张。根据“coffee houses soon opened…the city”及备选词可知，这里指在整个城市开张，throughout“遍及”，介词，故选B。 29．句意：作为热烈讨论的完美场所，它们吸引了许多艺术家和思想家，以及游客。根据“they attract many artists and thinkers,…the tourists”及备选词可知，这里指以及游客，as well as“以及”，连词，故选H。 30．句意：你可以坐在约翰·施特劳斯可能坐过的地方，啜饮咖啡，与当地人聊天。根据“sip your coffee and chat with the…”及备选词可知，这里指与当地人聊天，local“当地人”，名词；此处应用复数形式，表泛指。故选F。 Complete the following passage with the words or expressions in the box. Each can only be used once.  (用方框内词完成短文，每词使用一次) A．night           B．look for          C． sadder         D．happier E. accurately         F. complete          G. same For most of us, having a plan for the future is a key point to be successful. This means setting goals (设定目标) for ourselves, and finding ways to achieve them. If you are feeling bored, it may be time to realize the importance of setting goals. It is a fact: when you have goals to guide yourselves, you will be 31 because achieving a goal brings you feelings of pleasure. Here are some ways you can begin to move toward achieving your goals when you meet some difficulties. Write down your goals and the date when you are going to 32 them. It can prevent you from leaving your goals unclear. Your goals can be measured. And you can write down what your reward will be for achieving the goals. Then read the paper each morning and night. Think of everything that might stand in your way. Then decide what you can do to reduce the effect of each difficulty and increase the chances that you will be successful in reaching your goal. Know 33 what you will get from reaching your goals, and it will make you not stop. Learn what you need to learn. Think about what keeps you from achieving your goals, then study and work hard. Find a friend who has the 34 goals as you. Get him or her to learn English together, or to give up smoking with you, or to share healthy meals. It is important for you to 35 someone who has already achieved the goals you try to reach. Ask them for advice. Find how they become successful and put what you learn into your plan. 【答案】31．D 32．F 33．E 34．G 35．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何设定一个目标，以及为自己设定目标的益处。 31．句意：当你有目标来引导自己时，你会更快乐，因为实现目标会给你带来快乐的感觉。根据“brings you feelings of pleasure”可知，实现目标很快乐，happier“更快乐的”符合。故填D。 32．句意：写下你的目标和完成它们的日期。根据“Write down your goals and the date when you are going to...them.”和“And you can write down what your reward will be for achieving the goals.”可知，此处指实现目标的时间，complete“完成，实现”。故填F。 33．句意：准确地知道你达到目标后会得到什么，这样你就不会停下来。根据“Know...what you will get from reaching your goals, and it will make you not stop.”可知，需要副词accurately“准确地”修饰“know”，意思是“准确地知道”。故填E。 34．句意：找一个和你有相同目标的朋友。根据“Get him or her to learn English together, or to give up smoking with you, or to share healthy meals.”可知，可以与有相同目标的朋友一起努力，same“相同的”。故填G。 35．句意：对你来说，寻找一个已经实现了你试图达到的目标的人是很重要的。根据“...someone who has already achieved the goals you try to reach. Ask them for advice.”可知，可以寻找有经验的人，征求他的建议，look for“寻找”。故填B。 Complete the following passage with the words or expressions in the box. Each can only be used once.  (用方框内词完成短文，每词使用一次) A．surprise  B．includes  C． suppose  D．local  E. exploring  F. lights Bonjour! I’m Sophie from Sunshine Travel, and I'd love to take you on an amazing adventure to France! France is a magical place full of art, delicious food, and breathtaking sights. Let me tell you all about it! First, imagine standing under the Eiffel Tower in Paris—it’s even more beautiful at night when it 36 up! In Paris, you’ll visit the Louvre Museum to-see the famous Mona Lisa and take a relaxing boat ride along the Seine River. After three days of 37 the city and shopping, we’ll take a train to Southern France. There, you’ll walk through endless fields and visit villages. It’s a place where you can take photos that look like paintings! Next, you’ll spend two days swimming in the Mediterranean Sea and eating ice cream by the beach. If you love castles, don’t worry—on the way, we can stop at the Loire Valley to visit grand castles like Château de Chambord. This wonderful 7-day trip costs €1,500 per person. The price 38 your hotels, breakfast every morning, train tickets between cities, and a friendly guide who will share fun stories and 39 secrets. At Sunshine Travel, we make everything easy and fun. Ready for an unforgettable trip? France is waiting to 40 you with its beauty, flavors, and warmth. Contact Sunshine Travel today! 【答案】36．F 37．E 38．B 39．D 40．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了法国是一个充满艺术、美味食物和令人惊叹的景点的神奇地方。 36．句意：首先，想象一下站在巴黎的埃菲尔铁塔下——当它亮起时，夜晚会更加美丽！根据“it’s even more beautiful at night when it…up!”结合选项，可知此处是说它在晚上亮起来时更美，F项“lights(亮)”符合题意。故选F。 37．句意：在探索城市和购物三天后，我们将乘火车前往法国南部。根据“After three days of…the city and shopping,”结合选项，可知此处是说经过三天的探索这个城市和购物，E项“exploring(探索)”符合题意。故选E。 38．句意：价格包括您的酒店、每天早上的早餐、城市之间的火车票，以及一位友好的导游，他将分享有趣的故事和当地的秘密。根据“your hotels, breakfast every morning, train tickets between cities,”结合选项，可知此处是说价格包括您的酒店、每天早上的早餐、城市之间的火车票，B项“includes(包括)”符合题意。故选B。 39．句意：价格包括您的酒店、每天早上的早餐、城市之间的火车票，以及一位友好的导游，他将分享有趣的故事和当地的秘密。根据“and a friendly guide who will share fun stories and…secrets.”结合选项可知，此处是说当地的秘密，D项“local(当地的)”符合题意。故选D。 40．句意：法国正等着用它的美丽、风味和温暖给你惊喜。根据“you with its beauty, flavors, and warmth.”可知，此处是说法国正等着用它的美丽、风味和温暖给你惊喜，A项“surprise（使）吃惊”符合题意。故选A。 Complete the following passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once: A．according to　 B．unsafe　   C． government D．decided     E. in addition  F. worked out G. turning Darker nights for areas of England Many people in England now have to walk down dark streets at nights. The councils of about three quarters of England’s counties and boroughs (市镇) have 41 to switch off their street lights after midnight, 42 a BBC report on December 22nd. It is due to tight council budgets and the high cost of electricity. But people are against the move. They said it would make the roads unsafe. Councils should focus more on low-energy lighting rather than 43 down street lights. TV ads to show safer behavior Do you often hear kids say “Mum, I want this!” in a TV advertisement? Soon it may not be allowed. The 44 is making changes to the Advertisement Law and has 45 a draft. It says that ads should not include content that makes minors (未成年人) ask their parents to buy things. Also ads should not show 46 behaviour because minors may copy them. 【答案】41．D 42．A 43．G 44．C 45．F 46．B 【导语】本文是两则新闻报道，第一则讲述了英格兰部分地区的议会决定在午夜后关闭路灯，第二则讲述了政府正在对《广告法》进行修改，并已形成草案。 41．句意：据英国广播公司 (BBC) 12 月 22 日报道，英格兰约四分之三的县和行政区的议会已决定在午夜后关闭路灯。根据“have”和“to switch off their street lights after midnight”可知此处应用备选词汇decided构成decide to do sth表示“决定做某事”。故填D。 42．句意：据英国广播公司 (BBC) 12 月 22 日报道，英格兰约四分之三的县和行政区的议会已决定在午夜后关闭路灯。根据“a BBC report”可知此处应用备选词汇according to表示“根据”。故填A。 43．句意：议会应该更多地关注低能耗照明，而不是关闭路灯。根据上文“to switch off their street lights”可知此处应用备选词汇turning构成动词短语turn off表示“关闭”。故填G。 44．句意：政府正在对《广告法》进行修改，并已形成草案。根据“making changes to the Advertisement Law”可知应用备选词汇government表示“政府”正在对《广告法》进行修改。故填C。 45．句意：政府正在对《广告法》进行修改，并已形成草案。根据“a draft”可知此处应用备选词汇worked out表示“形成”草案。故填F。 46．句意：此外，广告不应显示不安全行为，因为未成年人可能会复制它们。根据“because minors may copy them”可知，未成年人会模仿，因此不应显示不安全行为，备选词汇unsafe符合语境。故填B。 三、句型转换 47．People plant trees in order to have a green environment. (保持句义不变) People plant trees they can have a green environment. 【答案】so that 【详解】句意：人们种树是为了拥有一个绿色的环境。原句中“in order to”表示目的，可以替换为“so that”，引导目的状语从句。故填so；that。 48．Linda got up early so that she could get to the meeting hall on time.（改为简单句） Linda got up early in get to the meeting hall on time. 【答案】order to 【详解】句意：Linda起床起得早是为了她能准时到达会议厅。so that“以便，目的是”，引导目的状语从句，要求改为简单句的话，可以用in order to do来表目的。故填order；to。 49．I made an early start in order to catch the train. (保持句意不变) I made an early start I catch the train. 【答案】so that could 【详解】句意：为了赶火车，我提前出发了。根据句子可知，in order to“为了”的同义短语为so that；又根据句意可知，第三空应填情态动词can“能够”，又因为本句时态为一般过去时，故填can的过去式could。故填so；that；could。 50．He got up early in order to catch the first bus. (句意不变) He got up early he could catch the first bus. 【答案】so that 【详解】句意：为了赶上第一班公共汽车，他起得很早。in order to表示目的，可改为用短语so that引导目的状语从句的同义句，表示“为了；以便”。故填so；that。 51．Tell him the truth at once, or he will be angry. (改为if引导的条件句) don’t tell him the truth at once, he will be angry. 【答案】If you 【详解】句意：马上告诉他真相，否则他会生气的。此处可改为“如果你不马上告诉他真相”，他会生气的”，用if引导条件状语从句，从句主语是you。故填If；you。 52．You must start early, or you’ll miss the train. you start early, you will miss the train. 【答案】If don’t 【详解】句意：你必须早点开始，否则你将会错过火车。“or”引导的并列从句，表示否定的条件，改为if引导的从句时，条件用否定，且主将从现，结合“start”可知否定句借助don’t。故填If；don’t。 53．Study hard. Then you will pass the test. (合并) study hard, you will pass the test. 【答案】If you 【详解】句意：努力学习。然后你就会通过测试。原句可改为if引导的条件状语从句，从句主语是you“你”。故填If；you。 54．Put on the glasses, and you’ll see more clearly. (改为同义句) you don’t put on the glasses, you see more clearly. 【答案】If won’t 【详解】句意：戴上眼镜，你就能看得更清楚了。原句是“戴上眼镜，你会看得更清楚”，转换为否定的条件状语从句，就是“如果你不戴上眼镜，你就不会看得更清楚”。if引导条件状语从句时，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时的否定形式won’t。故填If；won’t。 55．Get up early, or you will be late for the meeting.(改为同义句) you get up early, you will be late for the meeting. 【答案】If don’t 【详解】句意：早点起床，否则你开会会迟到。此处可表述为“如果你不起早，你开会就会迟到”，if“如果”，引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主语为“you”，第二个空应用don’t，构成否定句。故填If；don’t。 四、补全对话 根据对话内容，从选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A: Hi, Tina. What did you do at the weekend? B: I visited an exhibition in the museum. A: 56 B: It was wonderful! It was about the great inventions in China. A: 57 B: The compass (指南针). 58 A: Hmm, I’m not sure about it. B: It looked like a spoon! I think it was a useful invention. Without it, ancient people wouldn’t be able to travel around the world. A: 59 It played an important role in navigation (航海)． B: 60 We are proud of them. A: I think we should learn from them and invent more great things. A．I suppose so. B．I don’t agree with you. C．What did you think of it? D．Which invention did you like best? E．How clever our ancestors (祖先) were! F．I don’t want to know what it was used for. G．Do you know what the first Chinese compass looked like? 【答案】56．C 57．D 58．G 59．A 60．E 【导语】本文是一段对话，讲述了蒂娜周末参观中国发明展，和朋友讨论最喜欢的发明指南针，感叹祖先智慧的事。 56．根据“It was wonderful!”可知，此处是询问对方对展览的看法，选项C“你觉得它怎么样？”符合语境。故选C。 57．根据“The compass.”可知，此处是询问对方最喜欢哪项发明，选项D“你最喜欢哪项发明？”符合语境。故选D。 58．根据“I’m not sure about it.”和“It looked like a spoon!”可知，此处是询问对方是否知道最早的指南针的样子，选项G“你知道中国最早的指南针是什么样子的吗？”符合语境。故选G。 59．根据“It played an important role in navigation.”可知，此处是赞同对方的观点，选项A“我想是这样。”符合语境。故选A。 60．根据“We are proud of them.”可知，此处是感叹祖先的智慧，选项E“我们的祖先多么聪明啊！”符合语境。故选E。 根据对话内容，从选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A: Hello, David! What did you do last weekend? B: 61 I enjoyed it very much. A: 62 B: It’s a comedy cartoon movie. A: Is it Curious Tales of a Temple (《聊斋：兰若寺》)？ B: That’s right. 63 So, the cinema was very crowded when I arrived. Have you watched it, too? A: Yes. The story has touched my heart. 64 B: By the way, I have two tickets for another movie this Friday evening. 65 A: Sure. I’d love to. B: OK. I’ll call you then. See you! A．What kind of movie is it? B．Would you like to watch it with me? C．I didn’t want to watch it again. D．Many parents took their children to watch the movie. E．I went to watch a movie which was directed by Cui Yuemei. F．The characters in the movie are really lovely. G．I heard this movie has got a very high score online. 【答案】61．E 62．A 63．D 64．F 65．B 【导语】本文围绕“看电影”展开。上周末，B看了一部由崔月梅执导的电影，于是A和B两人针对该电影的类型和受欢迎的程度进行了讨论。 61．根据A的问话“What did you do last weekend?”以及B的回答“I enjoyed it very much.”可知，B应说明上周末的具体活动。选项E“我去看了一部由崔月梅执导的电影。”符合语境。故选E。 62．根据B的回答“It’s a comedy cartoon movie.”可知，A是在询问电影的类型。选项A“它是什么类型的电影？”符合语境。故选A。 63．根据B说“That’s right.” 确认电影片名后，接着说“So, the cinema was very crowded when I arrived.”，中间需填入电影院拥挤的原因。选项D“很多家长带孩子去看这部电影。”符合语境。故选D。 64．根据A的上文“The story has touched my heart.”可知，A在表达对电影的正面感受。选项F“电影里的角色真的很可爱。”符合语境。故选F。 65．根据B的上文“I have two tickets for another movie this Friday evening.”以及A的回答“Sure. I’d love to.”可知，B在此处发出邀请。选项B“你愿意和我一起看吗？”符合语境。故选B。 阅读下面的对话，根据上下文，选择恰当的选项补全对话，使句意完整、符合逻辑。(其中有两项为多余选项) Mike: You seem to be lost. 66 Jane: I’m going to Dragon Fruit Farm. 67 Mike: Well, it’s far from here. You’d better take a bus. Jane: 68 Mike: At least half an hour. Jane: I see. Can you please tell me which bus I should take? Mike: I’m not quite sure. 69 Jane: Thanks. Could you show me the nearest bus stop? Mike: Sure. Go along this street and turn left at the first crossing. 70 Jane: Thank you very much. A．It closes at 7:00 today. B．What can I do for you? C．How long does it take by bus? D．You’ll see it just in front of you. E．No problem. You don’t need to rush. F．Could you please tell me how I can get there? G．You can check it yourself on the map at the bus stop. 【答案】66．B 67．F 68．C 69．G 70．D 【导语】本文主要是Jane询问如何去火龙果农场。 66．根据“You seem to be lost.”可知Mike先是注意到Jane似乎迷路了，因此询问是否需要帮助，选项B“有什么我可以帮你的吗？”符合语境。故填B。 67．根据“I’m going to Dragon Fruit Farm.”以及“Well, it’s far from here.”可知，此处是询问如何到达火龙果农场，选项F“你能告诉我怎么去那里吗？”符合语境。故填F。 68．根据“At least half an hour.”可知，此处是询问乘坐公交需要多长时间，选项C“坐公交要多长时间？”符合语境。故填C。 69．根据“I’m not quite sure.”以及“Thanks. Could you show me the nearest bus stop?”可知，Mike虽然不确定具体乘坐哪路车，但提供了其他获取信息的方式，选项G“你可以在公交站的地图上自己查一下。”符合语境。故填G。 70．根据上文询问公交线路以及“Sure. Go along this street and turn left at the first crossing.”可知，此处是在指引公交站位置，选项D“你会看到它就在你前面。”符合语境。故填D。 阅读下面的对话，根据上下文，选择恰当的选项补全对话，使句意完整、符合逻辑。（其中有两项为多余选项） （Stephen and Ms Lee are talking about future classrooms. A is for Stephen; B is for Ms Lee.） A: Ms Lee, I watched a video about “future classrooms” online yesterday—it looked so cool! B: 71 A: I saw many students sitting at their desks with special glasses on. They could “walk” in a big forest, and they were still in the classroom! B: That’s VR. It will be common in classrooms later. It lets students learn about nature or history, as if they are really there. 72 A: Wow, that’s amazing! 73 B: Yes! Robots will help students, or even be like small teachers. Some robots are already in schools to teach in new ways. A: 74 Will technology bring other good things? B: Of course. It will make new ways to teach, and help make learning problems easier to solve. A: 75 B: I hope so too! It will make learning much more exciting for you all. A．What did you see in the video? B．Will robots be in classrooms, too? C．What will robots be like in the future? D．I hope we can have that kind of classroom soon! E．That sounds much more fun than normal classes! F．So they don’t need to go out to “visit” those places. G．Many schools are already trying VR in classes now. 【答案】71．A 72．F 73．B 74．E 75．D 【导语】本文是一段对话，主要围绕未来教室展开，涉及在视频中看到的未来教室场景、VR技术的作用、机器人是否会进入教室以及科技带来的其他好处等内容。 71．根据“I watched a video about ‘future classrooms’ online yesterday...”以及“I saw many students...”可知，设空处是询问视频内容，选项A“你在视频里看到了什么？”符合语境。故选A。 72．根据“They could ‘walk’ in a big forest, and they were still in the classroom!”以及“It lets students learn about nature or history, as if they are really there.”可知，此处说明学生不用真的出去就能“参观”这些地方，选项F“这样他们就不需要真的出去‘参观’那些地方了。”符合语境。故选F。 73．根据“Yes! Robots will help students, or even be like small teachers.”可知，设空处是询问机器人是否会进入教室，选项B“机器人也会进入教室吗？”符合语境。故选B。 74．根据“Will technology bring other good things?”以及“Of course. It will make new ways to teach...”可知，设空处是表达赞叹，对机器人感到惊讶，选项E“那听起来比普通课程有趣多了！”符合语境。故选E。 75．根据“I hope so too! It will make learning much more exciting for you all.”可知，设空处是表达对未来的期望，选项D“我希望我们很快就能拥有那样的教室！”符合语境。故选D。 阅读对话，从所给选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Betty: 76 . Tony: Tom Sawyer, by the famous American writer, Mark Twain. Betty: I have read Tom Sawyer. Very good! Hey, we can find out about him on the Internet. Tony: Yes! OK. Look at this! His real name was Samuel Clemens and he was born in 1835 in Missouri. He left school and began work at the age of twelve. Betty: 77 . Tony: He wrote for a newspaper. Later he got work on a boat. Betty: 78 . Tony: No, he went to New York, and other cities. Betty: 79 . Tony: I don’t know the exact date (日期). But he took the name Mark Twain and became very famous in the 1860s. 80 But he didn’t come to China. Betty: Yes, I knew that. Enjoy the book. Tony: Yes, it’s good. A．He went to Europe as well. B．When did he begin his stories? C．What are you reading? D．Where did you go? E．Did he stay in Missouri? F．How do you like it? G．What did he do? 【答案】76．C 77．G 78．E 79．B 80．A 【导语】本文中Betty询问Tony正在阅读的书籍，随后两人围绕该书的作者马克·吐温的生平展开了简短的讨论。 76．根据“Tom Sawyer, by the famous American writer, Mark Twain.”可知，此处应该是询问Tony在读什么书。选项C“你在读什么？”符合语境。故选C。 77．根据“He left school and began work at the age of twelve.”以及“He wrote for a newspaper. Later he got work on a boat.”可知，Tony前一句提到马克·吐温开始工作，此处应该询问他做了什么工作。选项G“他做了什么？”符合语境。故选G。 78．根据“No, he went to New York, and other cities.”可知，此处是一个一般疑问句，应该询问是否留在某个地方了。选项E“他待在密苏里州吗？”符合语境。故选E。 79．根据“I don’t know the exact date (日期).”可知，此处应该询问他什么时候开始创作故事，选项B“他什么时候开始他的故事的？”符合语境。故选B。 80．根据“But he didn’t come to China.”可知，句中表述他去了某个地方但没来中国，此处是补充他去过的其他地方，选项A“他也去过欧洲。”符合语境。故选A。 阅读下面的对话，根据上下文，选择适当的选项补全对话，使句意完整、符合逻辑。（其中有两项多余选项）。 (Lucy and Tom are talking in front of the library. Lucy=L, Tom=T) L: Technology is changing our world. 81 T: Yes, it is. With the development of technology, computers were invented. L: 82 T: It’s said that John Vincent Atanasoff invented the first computer in the 1940s. L: What a helpful invention! 83 T: Yeah, we can search for information on the computer. L: 84 T: With the development, there are lots of inventions in our daily life. L: 85 T: Let us look forward to more inventions. A．It brings lots of advantages to our life. B．We are looking for information. C．Technology also has lots of disadvantages. D．We can do many things on the computer. E．Do you know when the computers were invented? F．Voice assistant, smart sweeping robot, and so on. G．Besides this, we can play games on the computer in our spare time. 【答案】81．A 82．E 83．D 84．G 85．F 【导语】本文讲述露西和汤姆在图书馆前讨论科技发展及电脑发明等相关内容，提及发明的作用和生活中的新发明。 81．根据“Yes, it is. With the development of technology, computers were invented.”可知，此处是关于科技改变世界的相关反问或陈述，选项A“它给我们的生活带来了很多好处”符合语境，故选A。 82．根据“It’s said that John Vincent Atanasoff invented the first computer in the 1940s.”可知，此处询问电脑发明的时间，选项E“你知道电脑是什么时候被发明的吗”符合语境，故选E。 83．根据“Yeah, we can search for information on the computer.”可知，此处说的是电脑的用途，选项D“我们可以在电脑上做很多事情”符合语境，故选D。 84．根据“With the development, there are lots of inventions in our daily life.”可知，此处是对电脑用途的补充，选项G“除此之外，我们可以在空闲时间用电脑玩游戏”符合语境，故选G。 85．根据“Let us look forward to more inventions.”可知，此处列举生活中的发明，选项F“语音助手、扫地机器人等等”符合语境，故选F。 五、完形填空 In the early 1900s, American chemist Harvey W. Wiley led the famous “Poison Squad” experiment, which showed the dangers of uncontrolled food additives (添加剂) and made people realize the importance of knowing what was in the food they bought. However, it wasn’t until almost 90 years later that a law asked companies to display what was really 86 the boxes, cans, and bags in American grocery stores. Then, consumers (消费者) had clear information to help them make healthier choices. Today, it’s hard to imagine walking around a supermarket without these labels. Yet when we browse the internet—another necessary marketplace in our lives—there is 87 information about what we are “consuming” with each click. We're taking in huge amounts of digital information, often without any idea of its “nutritional” content. Just like nutrition labels (营养标签) that help you make better choices about what enters your body, content labels can help you take control of what gets into your 88 . This will reduce harmful behavior such as useless surfing and time wasted on meaningless browsing. With social media platforms under attack for creating bad feelings, a content labeling system could offer users a much-needed tool to make healthier digital choices. 89 , U. S. Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy recently suggested warning labels for online platforms. Much like cigarette packages, they should tell users about the 90 of browsing harmful content. What’s more, that’s not enough—we also need instructions. Content labels provide those. They offer a way for users to control their “diets” on the Internet. With the help of these tools, we could 91 content labels before diving into a news article or blog post. 86．A．on B．inside C．outside D．under 87．A．many B．much C．little D．few 88．A．heart B．mouth C．action D．mind 89．A．In fact B．However C．In a word D．After all 90．A．advantages B．risks C．reasons D．uses 91．A．follow B．create C．check D．notice 【答案】86．B 87．C 88．D 89．A 90．B 91．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了早期美国通过实验推动食品标签立法，如今类比这一做法，提出网络也需内容标签帮用户了解数字信息、做出健康上网选择，美国卫生局局长也有相关建议。 86．句意：然而，直到近90年后，才有一项法律要求企业标明美国杂货店售卖的盒装、罐装和袋装食品内部真正所含的成分。 on在……上面；inside在……内部；outside在……外面；under在……下面。根据“knowing what was in the food they bought”以及“the boxes, cans, and bags”可知，此处需表达“食品包装内部”的含义。故选B。 87．句意：然而，当我们浏览互联网——我们生活中另一个必需的“市场”时，关于每次点击所“消费”的内容，我们几乎没有信息可参考。 many许多，修饰可数名词复数；much许多，修饰不可数名词；little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；few几乎没有，修饰可数名词复数。根据“We're taking in huge amounts of digital information, often without any idea of its ‘nutritional’ content”可知，此处强调“关于数字内容的信息匮乏”，且“information”为不可数名词。故选C。 88．句意：就像营养标签帮助你更好地选择进入身体的食物一样，内容标签可以帮助你掌控进入大脑的信息。 heart心脏；mouth嘴巴；action行动；mind大脑、思维。根据“digital information”以及“what gets into”可知，数字信息是被大脑接收和处理的，mind“大脑”符合语境。故选D。 89．句意：事实上，美国卫生局局长维韦克·穆尔西博士最近建议为网络平台设置警示标签。 In fact事实上；However然而；In a word总而言之；After all毕竟。前文提出“内容标签能帮助用户做出更健康的数字选择”，后文用美国卫生局局长的建议作为具体实例支撑该观点，“In fact”可用于进一步补充事实、强化观点。故选A。 90．句意：就像香烟包装一样，这些标签应该告知用户浏览有害内容的风险。 advantages优势；risks风险；reasons原因；uses用途。根据“warning labels”以及“cigarette packages”可知，警示标签的核心作用是提醒 “危害”，risks“风险”符合“警示”的语境。故选B。 91．句意：在这些工具的帮助下，我们可以在深入阅读一篇新闻报道或博客文章之前，查看内容标签。 follow跟随；create创造；check查看、核对；notice注意到。根据“content labels can help you take control of...”以及“before diving into a news article or blog post”可知，用户需先 “主动查看” 标签信息，才能基于信息做出选择，“check”强调“有意识地核实、查看”，符合语境。故选C。 When is bedtime? If you don’t have a phone or a watch, don’t worry. Every living thing has a built-in clock that 92 the sun. For a long time, people thought daylight tells animals when to rise or rest. When it’s light, rise. When it’s dark, rest. But in 1729, a French scientist tested this with a mimosa (含羞草) plant. The plant’s leaves folded (折叠) up at night, but when he put it in a dark cupboard, the leaves still folded and unfolded 93 . He realized that living things have a tiny clock inside them that measures day and night. This clock is called the daily cycle. Daily cycles tell our bodies when to sleep, eat, and grow. They 94 help animals know when to move or rest for the season. These clocks help living things stay in line with the sun’s light. Every cell in our body has its own tiny clock, but the brain has a main controller that keeps them working together. Like the mimosa plant, our clock counts time in 95 , but it also reacts to light. Humans have a special light sensor (传感器) at the back of the eye. These cells help signal when it’s bright or getting dark. The master clock then sends “ 96 ” or “sleep” signals to all your cells. This sensor helps reset our body’s clock. That’s why when you travel to different places, you feel 97 at the wrong times. Your body’s clock gets out of line with the local time, but soon, sunlight and darkness help reset it. So, don’t worry about missing your watch—your inner clock runs on sun time. 92．A．follows B．attracts C．shuts D．changes 93．A．in a hurry B．at once C．by chance D．as usual 94．A．only B．even C．rarely D．simply 95．A．silence B．coldness C．darkness D．blindness 96．A．wake up B．stay up C．get up D．speak up 97．A．surprised B．bored C．tired D．excited 【答案】92．A 93．D 94．B 95．C 96．A 97．C 【导语】本文围绕生物钟与太阳的关系展开说明。 92．句意：每个生物都有一个内置的时钟，它跟随太阳转动。 follows跟随；attracts吸引；shuts关；changes改变。根据“Every living thing has a built-in clock that…the sun.”可知，应该说生物钟“跟随”太阳的规律，follows符合语境。故选A。 93．句意：这种植物的叶子在晚上会折叠起来，但当他把它放在一个黑暗的柜子里时，叶子仍然像往常一样折叠和展开。 in a hurry匆忙地；at once立刻；by chance偶然；as usual像往常一样。根据“the leaves still folded and unfolded”以及语境，可知此处指的含羞草在黑暗柜子中仍“如常”开合，说明其内在节律未受外界影响，as usual符合语境。故选D。 94．句意：它们甚至可以帮助动物知道什么时候该移动，什么时候该休息。 only仅仅；even甚至；rarely很少；simply仅仅，简单地。根据“help animals know when to move or rest for the season”可知，句子强调生物钟作用范围广，“甚至”帮助动物应对季节变化，表递进，故选B。 95．句意：就像含羞草一样，我们的生物钟在黑暗中计算时间，但它也会对光线做出反应。 silence沉默；coldness冷漠；darkness黑暗；blindness失明。根据“Like the mimosa plant, our clock counts time in…but it also reacts to light.”可知，设空处前后为转折关系，生物钟在“黑暗”中也能计时，与后文“对光有反应”形成对比。故选C。 96．句意：然后，主时钟向你所有的细胞发送“醒来”或“睡觉”的信号。 wake up醒来；stay up熬夜；get up起床；speak up大声说出。与设空处后的“sleep”信号对应，主钟发送“醒来”信号，wake up符合语境。故选A。 97．句意：这就是为什么当你去不同的地方旅行时，你会在错误的时间感到疲倦。 surprised惊讶的；bored无聊的；tired疲倦的；excited兴奋的。根据“That’s why when you travel to different places, you feel…at the wrong times.”可知，这一句是说时差导致身体在错误时间感到“疲劳”，故选C。 Stephen Hawkins was born in Oxford, England on 8th January, 1942. He went to school in St. Albans——a small city near London. Although he did well, he was 98 top of his class. After leaving school, Hawking went first to Oxford University where he studied physics, and then he went to Cambridge University where he studied cosmology (宇宙学). As he himself 99 , he didn’t work hard. He was a very lazy student, and did very little work. However, he still got good marks. It was at the age of 20 that Hawking first noticed 100 was wrong with him. He started to bump into things. When he visited his family at Christmas time, his mother was 101 she made him see a doctor. Hawking was sent to hospital for tests. Finally, the result came back. Hawking had motor neuron disease, an incurable illness which would make him unable to speak, breathe or move 102 the help of a machine. Doctors said they had no way to help him. He would die before he was 23. At first, Hawking became very sad, after a while, though, he began to see his life in a different way. As he later wrote, “Before my illness was diagnosed (诊断), I had been very 103 life. There not seemed to be anything worth doing. But shortly after I came out of hospital, I suddenly realized that there were a lot of worthwhile things I could do.” Hawking married, found a job at Cambridge University, and had three children. He also went on to do some of the most important scientific research. Today, Hawking still works at Cambridge University as a professor. He strongly believes that his story shows that nobody, 104 bad their situation is, should lose hope. “Life is not fair,” he once said. “You just have to do the best you can in your own situation.” 98．A．always B．possibly C．never D．also 99．A．allows B．admits C．declares D．makes sure 100．A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 101．A．too worried to B．so worried that C．worried enough that D．not worried enough to 102．A．except B．besides C．with D．without 103．A．positive about B．familiar to C．interested in D．bored with 104．A．no matter how B．no matter what C．no matter when D．no matter 【答案】98．C 99．B 100．A 101．B 102．D 103．D 104．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了霍金的成长经历、患病过程及人生态度，展现了他面对困境的坚韧精神。 98．句意：尽管他做得很好，但从未成为班级顶尖学生。 always总是；possibly可能；never从未；also也。根据“Although he did well”和“top of his class”可知，此处为转折关系，故应是未达到顶尖，故选C。 99．句意：正如他自己所承认的，他学习并不努力。 allows允许；admits承认；declares宣布；makes sure确保。根据“He was a very lazy student”可知，这是他对自己行为的自我坦白，即正如他自己承认的，故选B。 100．句意：霍金在20岁时首次注意到自己身体出了问题。 something某事；anything任何事；everything一切；nothing没有。notice something was wrong“注意到有问题”，用于肯定句中描述某件事异常，且后文“He started to bump into things”（他开始撞东西）印证了问题的存在，故选A。 101．句意：他的母亲非常担心，于是让他去看医生。 too worried to太担心而不能（后接动词原形）；so worried that 如此担心以至于（后接从句）；worried enough that结构错误；not worried enough to不够担心。根据“she made him see a doctor”可知，空后是完整句子，需用连词引导结果状语从句，此处应表示太担心了以至于让他去看医生，故选B。 102．句意：霍金患有运动神经元疾病，这是一种无法治愈的疾病，如果没有机器的帮助，他将无法说话、呼吸或移动。 except除了；besides除……之外；with有；without没有。根据“Hawking had motor neuron disease, an incurable illness which would make him unable to speak, breathe or move...the help of a machine”可知，这种疾病应是没有机器的帮助，就无法说话、呼吸或移动，故选D。 103．句意：在我的病被诊断之前，我一直对生活感到厌倦。 positive about对……积极；familiar to为……所熟悉；interested in对……感兴趣；bored with对……厌倦。根据“There seemed not to be anything worth doing”可知，他患病前对生活持消极态度，故应是对生活感到厌倦，故选D。 104．句意：他坚信自己的故事表明，无论处境多糟糕，任何人都不应失去希望。 no matter how无论多（后接形容词/副词）；no matter what无论什么（后接名词）；no matter when无论何时；no matter where无论何地。“bad”为形容词，需用no matter how修饰，构成“no matter how+adj.+主语+谓语”的结构，表示“无论多……”，故选A。 My father told me that there used to be a forest near our town. But the farmer who owned the forest 105 trees every year until one year, there were no trees left. One day, our teacher took us out and we had a 106 in the field where the forest used to be. While eating and drinking, we talked about the beautiful forest we once had. One of my classmates comes from a tribe (部落) that lived in the west of our country. He told us what he thought about the change. “It makes me really 107 to learn that a forest has disappeared. My people have taught me to always think seven generations in the future. That’s to say, when we do something to the land, we should 108 hurt it. We must care about nature and leave it good enough for later generations.” When we heard what he said, we kept 109 first. “Let’s plant some trees!” said our teacher after a moment. “It will be a good start!” So that’s what we did. For the rest of the spring, we worked hard and we planted thousands of trees. That was five years ago. Today, when I stand in that field which was once empty, I see trees as tall as I am. It’s great to see how we’ve 110 the field. It taught us the power of thinking about the future. 105．A．cut up B．cut down C．looked for D．looked after 106．A．picnic B．test C．wish D．lesson 107．A．tired B．excited C．sad D．hopeful 108．A．sometimes B．always C．hardly D．never 109．A．thankful B．happy C．silent D．shy 110．A．broken B．bought C．wasted D．changed 【答案】105．B 106．A 107．C 108．D 109．C 110．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了一片森林因农民砍伐而消失，学生们通过野餐活动反思环境问题，最终通过植树行动改变荒地的故事。 105．句意：但是，拥有这片森林的农民每年都会砍伐树木，直到一年，再也没有树了。 cut up切碎；cut down砍倒；looked for寻找；looked after照顾。根据“until one year, there were no trees left”可知，此处指农民砍伐树木。故选B。 106．句意：有一天，我们的老师带我们出去，在森林曾经所在的田野里进行了一次野餐。 picnic野餐；test测试；wish愿望；lesson课程。根据后文“While eating and drinking”可知，他们在这里进行野餐，have a picnic表示“去野餐”。故选A。 107．句意：得知一片森林消失了，这让我真的很伤心。 tired疲惫的；excited兴奋的；sad伤心的；hopeful有希望的。根据“It makes me really...to learn that a forest has disappeared.”可知，得知森林消失，他感到悲伤。故选C。 108．句意：也就是说，当我们对土地做些什么的时候，我们永远不应该伤害它。 sometimes有时；always总是；hardly几乎不；never从不。根据“always think seven generations in the future”和“We must care about nature and leave it good enough for later generations.”可知，我们要为后代考虑，不能伤害土地。故选D。 109．句意：当我们听到他说的话时，一开始我们都保持沉默。 thankful感激的；happy开心的；silent沉默的；shy害羞的。根据“said our teacher after a moment”及结合前文同学关于保护自然为后代考虑的话可知，大家一开始是沉默思考的，过了一会儿老师才接着发言。故选C。 110．句意：很高兴看到我们是如何改变了这片田野。 broken打破；bought买；wasted浪费；changed改变。根据“Today, when I stand in that field which was once empty, I see trees as tall as I am.”及结合前文可知，之前的荒地现在变成了树林，我们改变了这片土地。故选D。 Good communication is like building a strong bridge between people. It helps us understand each other better and solve problems more easily. Here are some useful tips to improve your communication skills.   First, always be a good 111 . When someone is speaking, avoid interrupting them. Instead, focus on their words and show that you care by nodding or saying “I see.” This makes the speaker feel valued.   Second, use simple and clear language. For example, instead of saying “I am experiencing dissatisfaction,” you could say “I’m unhappy with this.” Being direct helps everyone understand your 112 .   Third, pay attention to body language. Smiling and keeping eye contact show that you are friendly. On the other hand, crossing your arms might make you look 113 . A relaxed posture helps others trust you.   Fourth, ask questions when you don’t understand something. Saying “Could you explain that again?” is better than pretending to know. Questions also let the speaker know you are 114 in the conversation.   Finally, always respect different opinions. You don’t have to agree with everyone, but you should listen patiently. For instance, if a friend says, “I think summer is the worst season,” you could reply, “That’s interesting! Why do you think so?” This opens a deeper 115 .   Remember, communication isn’t just about talking—it’s about connecting. With practice, you’ll find it easier to share ideas and 116 strong relationships. 111．A．speaker B．listener C．player D．actor 112．A．feelings B．mistakes C．hobbies D．decisions 113．A．confident B．polite C．impatient D．excited 114．A．lost B．worried C．surprised D．interested 115．A．secret B．problem C．discussion D．competition 116．A．forget B．avoid C．build D．break 【答案】111．B 112．A 113．C 114．D 115．C 116．C 【导语】本文将良好沟通比喻成搭建人与人之间的坚固桥梁，强调其能促进相互理解和解决问题，随后从做一个好的倾听者、使用简洁明了语言、注意肢体语言、不懂就提问以及尊重不同观点这几个方面给出提升沟通技巧的实用建议，最后指出沟通的本质是建立联系，通过练习能更轻松分享想法并建立稳固关系 。 111．句意：首先，始终做一个好的倾听者。 speaker演讲者；listener倾听者；player玩家；actor演员。根据后文“When someone is speaking, avoid interrupting them.”可知，这里强调在别人说话时的做法，所以应该是做一个好的倾听者。故选B。 112．句意：直截了当地表达有助于每个人理解你的感受。 feelings感受；mistakes错误；hobbies爱好；decisions决定。根据“I’m unhappy with this.”可知，前文提到用简单直接的语言表达自己的想法，这样做是为了让别人理解自己的感受。故选A。 113．句意：另一方面，交叉双臂可能会让你看起来不耐烦。 confident自信的；polite礼貌的；impatient不耐烦的；excited兴奋的。根据前文“Smiling and keeping eye contact show that you are friendly.”可知，这里说的是与友好表现相反的肢体语言给人的感觉，交叉双臂通常会给人不耐烦的印象。故选C。 114．句意：提问也能让说话者知道你对对话感兴趣。 lost迷失的；worried担忧的；surprised惊讶的；interested感兴趣的。根据前文“ask questions when you don’t understand something”可知，提问能表明自己对对话内容有兴趣。故选D。 115．句意：这会开启更深入的讨论。 secret秘密；problem问题；discussion讨论；competition竞争。根据“That’s interesting! Why do you think so?”可知，这样的回应能引发进一步的讨论。故选C。 116．句意：通过练习，你会发现更容易分享想法并建立稳固的关系。 forget忘记；avoid避免；build建立；break打破。根据“strong relationships”可知，这里说的是通过练习在沟通中建立关系。故选C。 六、回答问题 Reading with the Fingertips (指尖) Louis Braille was born in France in 1809. When he was three, he injured an eye in an accident in his father’s workshop. Within a year he couldn’t see anything. When he was ten, he was sent to a school for the blind. Students there learned by listening to their teachers. One day, a visitor came to the school. His name was Charles Barbier. He was to have a great influence on Louis. Louis was then twelve years old. Charles Barbier had invented a new way of writing. This writing was designed to be used at night. People could read it without showing a light. Charles hoped the head of the school whose students lived their lives in darkness could use his way of writing. Louis Braille stood out among those students. His mind was quick. He was eager to learn. The head of the school invited him to meet the visitor. Charles began to show how his writing worked. Louis’s interest was aroused. Charles took a sheet of thick paper. Using a pointed instrument, he punched a series of holes to make raised dots (点) on the other side of the paper. These dots were grouped together in cells (单元格). The cells could be placed in any of twelve positions. Each group stood for a different sound. By running a fingertip over them, a person could read a message. Louis was excited by Charles’s invention. But he knew that it needed to be simpler. Instead of twelve positions for each unit, he decided to work with six. This let a reader make sense of the raised dots more quickly and easily. Louis remained at the school all his life. He taught there. He also helped to print books that used his method. Louis was a very good musician. He showed people how to write music in his way. Louis Braille played a part in changing forever the way blind people read. Because of what he completed, people everywhere who cannot see are no longer limited by blindness. 117．What happened to Louis Braille when he was three? _____________________________________________________________________ 118．Who invented a new way of writing? _____________________________________________________________________ 119．How did Louis Braille make Charles’s invention simpler? _____________________________________________________________________ 120．What do you think of Louis Braille? Why do you think so? (List at least two points.) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】117．When Louis Braille was three, he injured an eye in an accident in his father’s workshop. 118．Charles Barbier invented a new way of writing. 119．Louis Braille made Charles’s invention simpler by reducing the number of positions in each unit from twelve to six. 120．Louis Braille was intelligent and eager to learn. He was also very creative and helpful. He was intelligent because he stood out among his classmates and quickly understood Charles Barbier’s invention. He was eager to learn as shown by his desire to improve the writing system. He was creative in simplifying the system to make it more practical for blind people. He was helpful by teaching and helping to print books using his method, which greatly benefited the blind community. 【导语】本文主要讲述了路易斯·布莱叶的人生经历，包括他失明的原因、遇到查尔斯·巴比尔的经历、对查尔斯发明的改进以及他为盲人阅读方式带来的变革。 117．根据第一段中“When he was three, he injured an eye in an accident in his father’s workshop.”可知，路易斯·布莱叶三岁时在他父亲的车间里发生意外，伤了一只眼睛。故填When Louis Braille was three, he injured an eye in an accident in his father’s workshop. 118．根据第二段中“Charles Barbier had invented a new way of writing.”可知，查尔斯·巴比尔发明了一种新的书写方式。故填Charles Barbier invented a new way of writing. 119．根据第四段中“Instead of twelve positions for each unit, he decided to work with six.”可知，路易斯·布莱叶通过将每个单元的位置从十二个减少到六个，使查尔斯的发明变得更简单。故填Louis Braille made Charles’s invention simpler by reducing the number of positions in each unit from twelve to six. 120．这是一个开放性问题，答案因人而异。但可以根据文章内容和常识来回答。故填Louis Braille was intelligent and eager to learn. He was also very creative and helpful. He was intelligent because he stood out among his classmates and quickly understood Charles Barbier’s invention. He was eager to learn as shown by his desire to improve the writing system. He was creative in simplifying the system to make it more practical for blind people. He was helpful by teaching and helping to print books using his method, which greatly benefited the blind community. Eradajere Oleita always cares about the environment and the homeless. The 26-year-old student from the US has started a project called the Chip Bag Project. He is asking local snack lovers to do something helpful, “Don’t throw your empty chip bags away. Give them to me or other volunteers so that we can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.” Chip eaters can drop off their empty chip bags at two places: a print shop and a clothing store. After the volunteers collect the chip bags, they clean them, smooth them out, and iron (熨烫) them together. It takes about four hours to make such a sleeping bag, and each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags. Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Project has collected more than 800,000 chip bags and created 110 sleeping bags. And it is a big help to some homeless people. Sure, it would be simpler to raise money to buy new sleeping bags. But that’s only half the goal (目标) for Oleita. He wants to make a difference to the world not only socially, but also environmentally. Problems like environmental pollution and poverty (贫困) often go hand in hand. Oleita says it is time to solve the problems at the same time. 121．What can snack lovers do to help the Chip Bag Project? _____________________________________________________________________ 122．Where can people leave chip bags for the Chip Bag Project? _____________________________________________________________________ 123．How do volunteers make sleeping bags with chip bags? _____________________________________________________________________ 124．When did the Chip Bag Project start? _____________________________________________________________________ 125．What’s Oleita’s goal? _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】121．They can give empty chip bags to Eradajere Oleita or other volunteers. 122． At a print shop and a clothing store. 123．They clean them, smooth them out, and iron them together. 124．In 2020. 125．To make a difference to the world not only socially, but also environmentally. 【导语】本文主要讲述了来自美国的一个26岁的学生Eradajore Oleita，通过收集空薯片袋，并将它们做成睡袋以帮助那些无家可归的人的故事。 121．根据“Don’t throw your empty chip bags away. Give them to me or other volunteers so that we can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.”可知，零食爱好者可以把空薯片袋交给Eradajere Oleita或其他志愿者。故填They can give empty chip bags to Eradajere Oleita or other volunteers. 122．根据“Chip eaters can drop off their empty chip bags at two places: a print shop and a clothing store.”可知，可以把空薯片包装袋送到两个地方：一家印刷店和一家服装店。故填At a print shop and a clothing store. 123．根据“After the volunteers collect the chip bags, they clean them, smooth them out, and iron (熨烫) them together.”可知，志愿者们收集好薯片包装袋后，会对其进行清洗、平整处理，并将它们熨烫在一起。故填They clean them, smooth them out, and iron them together. 124．根据“Since its start in 2020”可知，项目于2020年启动，故填In 2020. 125．根据“He wants to make a difference to the world not only socially, but also environmentally.”可知，他希望不仅在社会层面，而且在环境方面都能为这个世界带来改变。故填To make a difference to the world not only socially, but also environmentally. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $