寒假作业09 语法填空+高考必考题型（巩固培优）高二英语译林版

选择必修一、二（语法填空） 作业09 核心知识巩固+拓展突破 技巧点拨 一、语法填空解题策略 考点分布规律： · 无提示词（每篇约3-4空）： · 冠词（a/an/the）：特指用the，单数可数名词前常需冠词 · 介词（in/on/at等）：固定搭配或时间/地点关系 · 连词： · 并列连词（and/but/or） · 从属连词（that/whether/if引导名词性从句；when/although等引导状语从句） · 代词：主格/宾格/形容词性物主代词/反身代词 · 有提示词（每篇约6-7空）： · 动词（考频最高）： 判断步骤： 1. 看主语 → 确定主谓一致（第三人称单数） 2. 看时态 → 时间状语/上下文时态线索 3. 看语态 → 主语是执行者还是承受者 4. 看非谓语 → 句中已有谓语动词，则考虑： - doing：表主动/进行 - done：表被动/完成 - to do：表目的/将来 ``` · 词性转换： · 名词←→动词←→形容词←→副词 · 常见后缀：-tion/-ment/-ness/-ity; -ful/-ive/-ous; -ly · 形容词/副词比较级：than前用比较级，the...the...结构 解题流程： 1. 通读全文，把握大意和基本时态 2. 逐句分析，先判断句子成分是否完整 3. 根据空格位置和功能确定考点类型 4. 兼顾形式与意义，检查拼写和变形 Have you ever imagined wearing the same suit as Iron Man? With the rapid development of robotics and artificial intelligence, exoskeletons — wearable robotic suits 1. ________ enhance human strength and endurance — are moving from science fiction into reality. Initially developed for medical rehabilitation, helping paralyzed patients 2. ________ (walk) again, they are now finding uses in factories and warehouses. Workers wearing exoskeletons can lift heavy objects 3. ________ reduced risk of injury. The technology operates through a combination of sensors, motors, and sophisticated algorithms. When the sensor detects the user’s intention to move, 4. ________ sends a signal to the motor to provide assistive force. This seamless integration requires precise engineering. 5. ________ (current), the main challenges are reducing the cost and weight of the devices. Researchers are exploring lighter materials and more efficient power sources. Looking ahead, the potential applications are vast. In logistics, exoskeletons could transform manual handling. For the elderly, they could promote independence by compensating 6. ________ lost muscle strength. Some companies are even developing versions for outdoor recreation. 7. ________, ethical questions arise. Will they create an unfair advantage in the workplace? Could they lead to new forms of dependency? 8. ________ is clear that this technology, like any powerful tool, must be guided by thoughtful policies. The journey of exoskeletons from labs to daily life 9. ________ (be) a fascinating example of how innovation can empower individuals, 10. ________ (blur) the line between human capability and machine assistance. The “15-minute city” is an urban planning concept that has gained significant attention in recent years. The core idea is simple: ensure that city residents can meet most of their daily needs within a 15-minute walk or bike ride from their homes. This includes access 1. ________ work, schools, shops, parks, and healthcare. Proponents argue that such a design not only reduces traffic congestion and carbon emissions 2. ________ also fosters stronger community bonds by encouraging local interaction. Implementing this model requires a fundamental shift in 3. ________ we think about urban space. It prioritizes people over cars, leading to 4. ________ (increase) investment in pedestrian infrastructure, cycling lanes, and green spaces. Paris and Barcelona are among the cities 5. ________ (lead) the way with ambitious redesigns of their neighborhoods. In these areas, streets once dominated by traffic have been transformed into vibrant public squares. 6. ________ (achieve) this vision, however, is not without challenges. It demands careful zoning policies to mix residential and commercial areas and 7. ________ (ensure) affordable housing is distributed throughout the city. Critics also warn against creating isolated “villages” that might limit opportunities for residents. Despite these hurdles, the 15-minute city offers a compelling blueprint for a more sustainable, healthy, and equitable urban future. It represents a move away from the sprawling, car-dependent metropolis toward a model 8. ________ convenience and quality of life are centered on the human scale. As cities continue to grow, this concept may prove essential in making them 9. ________ (live) and resilient for all. Its success ultimately hinges 10. ________ inclusive planning and the participation of citizens themselves. For decades, the common octopus was seen as a solitary creature. Marine biologists based this conclusion 1. ________ countless hours of underwater observation. However, a remarkable discovery off the coast of Australia in the 2000s turned this belief upside down. Researchers stumbled upon a site, 2. ________ (later) named “Octlantis”, where up to fifteen octopuses were found living in close proximity, communicating, and even evicting each other from dens. This finding challenged a fundamental assumption in animal behavior. The octopus, with its highly complex nervous system, was not 3. ________ understood. The discovery of “Octlantis” and a similar site called “Octopolis” suggested that under certain environmental conditions — such as an abundance of food coupled 4. ________ limited shelter — these supposedly asocial animals could exhibit social behaviors. Scientists observed gestures, color changes, and even what appeared to be cooperative actions. The implications are profound. It forces us 5. ________ (reconsider) the drivers of social evolution. Does high intelligence naturally lead to social complexity, or is it driven by ecological necessity? The octopus provides a unique case study because its intelligence evolved 6. ________ (complete) independently from that of social mammals like humans. Studying these cephalopod societies may shed light on the origins of our own social instincts. 7. ________ is a humbling reminder that the natural world still holds deep mysteries. Just when we think we have a species figured out, it can surprise us, 8. ________ (reveal) new layers of complexity. Such discoveries underscore the importance of keeping an open mind in science, 9. ________ preconceived notions can often blind us to the evidence right in front of our eyes. The story of the social octopus is, therefore, not just about marine biology; it’s a lesson in 10. ________ (scientific) humility and wonder. (2022年新高考I卷模拟题)Last October, I was on a diving holiday in the Philippines with my family. We were staying in a small hut by the sea. One night, I was awakened by a strange noise. It sounded like a loud whisper. I got up, 1. ________ (look) out of the window, and saw something 2. ________ (move) in the bushes. My heart was pounding. I woke up my brother, and we went outside 3. ________ (investigate). We shone a flashlight around but saw nothing. Just as we were about to go back inside, we heard the noise again. It 4. ________ (come) from the beach. We walked towards the water, and there, under the moonlight, we saw a turtle — a huge sea turtle! She 5. ________ (dig) a hole in the sand to lay her eggs. We watched in 6. ________ (amaze) as she laid dozens of eggs, covered them up, and then slowly crawled back into the sea. It was a magical experience. We reported the nest to a local conservation group. Two months later, we received an email with 7. ________ photo: dozens of tiny turtle hatchlings were crawling towards the ocean. The email thanked us for our help. That night taught me that adventure and wonder can 8. ________ (find) close to home, and that we all have a role to play in 9. ________ (protect) nature. It was 10. ________ most unforgettable night of my life. (2020年北京卷真题节选)In the mid-1990s, Dr. Marshall, an Australian scientist, made a bold claim. He believed that a type of bacteria, 1. ________ (call) Helicobacter pylori, caused stomach ulcers. At the time, the medical community thought ulcers were caused by stress or spicy food. To prove his theory, Dr. Marshall drank a petri dish containing the bacteria. Soon after, he developed severe stomach inflammation. He then took antibiotics and 2. ________ (cure). This dangerous experiment provided strong evidence for his theory. Today, 3. ________ is widely accepted that H. pylori causes most ulcers, and they are treated with antibiotics. For his work, Dr. Marshall won the Nobel Prize in 2005. His story is a powerful example of the scientific method: observation, hypothesis, experimentation, and conclusion. It also shows the importance of 4. ________ (question) established beliefs. Sometimes, progress requires 5. ________ (take) risks. However, it's crucial to note that Dr. Marshall was a trained professional. 6. ________ (conduct) such an experiment on oneself is extremely dangerous and 7. ________ (general) not recommended. The ethics of self-experimentation are complex. While it can lead to breakthroughs, it must be approached with 8. ________ (extreme) caution. Dr. Marshall's contribution has relieved the suffering of millions, but his method is 9. ________ (little) admired than his results. His legacy reminds us that science often advances 10. ________ the courage and conviction of individuals. (2023年天津南开区期中考试)Chinese calligraphy is an art form that has been practiced for thousands of years. It involves 1. ________ (write) Chinese characters with a brush and ink. More than just beautiful handwriting, it is a mental exercise that coordinates the mind and body. The quality of one's calligraphy is believed 2. ________ (reflect) one's personality and cultivation. The Four Treasures of the Study — the brush, ink, paper, and inkstone — are essential tools. Mastering calligraphy requires years of disciplined practice. The basic strokes must 3. ________ (execute) with precision and grace. There are several major styles, such as Seal Script, Clerical Script, Regular Script, Running Script, and Cursive Script, each 4. ________ (have) its own distinct characteristics. In the past, calligraphy was a core part of education for scholars. Today, it 5. ________ (teach) in schools and practiced by people of all ages as a way to connect with cultural heritage. Creating a piece of calligraphy is a meditative process. The calligrapher must focus 6. ________ (complete) on the moment, controlling breath and movement. A good work exhibits a balance of strength and flexibility, density and lightness. It is a visual art where empty space is just as important 7. ________ the inked characters. In the digital age, the practice of calligraphy may seem old-fashioned, but its value endures. It teaches patience, discipline, and an appreciation for beauty in simplicity. It serves 8. ________ a bridge to the past, keeping ancient characters and 9. ________ (culture) values alive. For many, it remains a profound source of personal 10. ________ (fulfill) and artistic expression. The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has sparked widespread debate about the future of work. Many fear that AI and automation will lead 1. ________ mass unemployment as machines replace human workers. While it's true that certain routine jobs are 2. ________ (high) susceptible to automation, history suggests that technological revolutions also create new types of work. The key challenge lies in transition and retraining. Jobs requiring creativity, complex problem-solving, emotional intelligence, and interpersonal skills are 3. ________ (likely) to be automated in the near future. Instead of eliminating jobs entirely, AI is often 4. ________ (good) at handling specific tasks, augmenting human capabilities rather than replacing them. For example, doctors use AI to analyze medical images, 5. ________ allows them to make more accurate diagnoses. This partnership between human and machine can lead to greater productivity. Therefore, the focus should shift from job displacement to job transformation. Education systems need to adapt 6. ________ emphasizing skills that machines cannot easily replicate, such as critical thinking and adaptability. Lifelong learning will become essential for workers to stay relevant. Governments and businesses share the responsibility of 7. ________ (provide) retraining programs. 8. ________ the potential disruptions are real, a future with AI doesn't have to be bleak. It can free humans from mundane tasks, allowing us to focus on more meaningful and innovative work. The goal should not be to compete with AI but to collaborate with it. By doing so, we can harness its power to solve complex global issues and 9. ________ (potential) create a more prosperous society for all. The future of work will be different, but with preparation and 10. ________ (wise), it can be brighter. (2022年上海徐汇区一模)Memory is a fascinating and complex function of the brain. We often think of it as a mental filing cabinet, but it's far 1. ________ (dynamic). Memories are not stored in one place; they are distributed across networks of neurons. The process of forming a memory involves three stages: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Sleep plays 2. ________ crucial role in memory consolidation — the process of stabilizing a memory after it is initially acquired. This is why “pulling an all-nighter” before an exam is often 3. ________ (effective) than getting a good night's sleep. Interestingly, memories are not fixed recordings. Each time we recall a memory, we reconsolidate it, 4. ________ makes the memory susceptible to change or distortion. This phenomenon explains why eyewitness testimony can sometimes be unreliable. 5. ________ (strengthen) your memory, experts recommend techniques like spaced repetition and elaborative rehearsal. Associating new information with 6. ________ you already know can also make it more memorable. As we age, some memory decline is normal, but a healthy lifestyle — including regular physical exercise, a balanced diet, a8nd mental stimulation — can help maintain cognitive function. 7. ________ is also important to manage stress, as chronic stress can damage the hippocampus, a brain region vital for memory. Research into memory has profound implications, from understanding diseases like Alzheimer's 8. ________ improving educational methods. While we may never have a perfect memory, understanding how it works empowers us 9. ________ (use) it better. Our memories, in many ways, shape who we are, weaving the stories of our past into the fabric of our 10. ________ (identify). Vertical forests, skyscrapers covered with trees and plants, are emerging as an innovative solution 1. ________ urban environmental problems. The concept, pioneered by Italian architect Stefano Boeri, aims to bring forests into the heart of cities. These buildings are not just aesthetically pleasing; they serve important ecological functions. The plants absorb carbon dioxide, produce oxygen, filter dust from the air, and moderate the building's temperature, 2. ________ (reduce) energy consumption for heating and cooling. They also create habitats for birds and insects, 3. ________ (help) to increase urban biodiversity. The first vertical forests were built in Milan, Italy. Each tower hosts hundreds of trees and thousands of shrubs and plants, equivalent to 4. ________ area of forest on the ground. Maintaining these living facades requires careful planning, 5. ________ (include) automated irrigation systems and the selection of plants suitable for the local climate. 6. ________ the high initial cost, the long-term benefits for air quality, biodiversity, and residents' well-being are significant. The idea is gaining 7. ________ (popular) worldwide, with similar projects planned in cities from Nanjing to Utrecht. As cities continue to grow denser, integrating nature into architecture becomes 8. ________ (increasing) important. Vertical forests represent a shift towards a more sustainable and biophilic urban design philosophy. They challenge the traditional separation 9. ________ city and nature, proposing a model where they coexist harmoniously. While not a silver bullet for all urban ills, they are a promising step towards 10. ________ (create) greener, healthier, and more livable cities for the future. Society often celebrates success and hides failure, but the path to achievement is usually paved with setbacks. J.K. Rowling's first Harry Potter manuscript was rejected by twelve publishers. Steven Spielberg was rejected from film school multiple times. These stories remind us that failure is not the opposite of success; it is 1. ________ integral part of the journey. Failure provides invaluable data. It teaches us what doesn't work, 2. ________ forces us to innovate and adapt. Thomas Edison famously said of the light bulb, "I have not failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that won't work." This mindset views failure as a learning opportunity rather than 3. ________ final verdict. The fear of failure, however, can be paralyzing. It can prevent us 4. ________ taking risks or trying new things. To overcome this, we must reframe our perception of failure. We should aim for progress, not perfection. Each small stumble is a step forward 5. ________ (long) as we learn from it. Resilience — the ability to bounce back from adversity — is a key trait developed through experiencing and overcoming failure. Building resilience requires self-compassion and a focus on effort over outcome. It's also helpful to share our failures; 6. ________ (do) so reduces stigma and creates a supportive environment where others feel safe to take risks. In science, business, and art, breakthroughs are rarely achieved without prior failures. Embracing failure as a teacher, 7. ________ than a tormentor, unlocks creativity and perseverance. So, the next time you face a setback, ask yourself: "What can I learn from this?" This simple question can transform a moment of 8. ________ (frustrate) into a powerful catalyst for growth. Remember, the only true failure is the failure 9. ________ learn and to try again. Success often lies just beyond the point where most people choose 10. ________ (give) up. (2023年华中师大附中月考)The Forbidden City in Beijing, 1. ________ (know) as the Palace Museum today, is a masterpiece of Chinese wooden architecture and one of the world's best-preserved ancient palatial complexes. Its construction began in 1406 under the order of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty and 2. ________ (complete) in 1420. For nearly 500 years, it served 3. ________ the imperial palace for 24 emperors from the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The complex consists of 980 buildings with over 8,700 rooms, 4. ________ (surround) by a massive wall and a wide moat. The layout is strictly symmetrical along a north-south central axis, reflecting traditional Chinese cosmological principles and the supreme power of the emperor. Every detail, from the number of roof figurines to the colors of the tiles, 5. ________ (carry) symbolic meaning. Yellow, for instance, was reserved for the emperor. After the last emperor Puyi abdicated in 1925, the palace 6. ________ (transform) into a public museum, opening its doors to ordinary people for the first time. Today, it houses an immense collection of artifacts, 7. ________ (offer) a glimpse into imperial life and Chinese art. Preservation is an ongoing challenge due to the wooden structures' vulnerability to fire and decay. 8. ________ (recent), advanced digital technologies have been employed to create virtual tours and detailed archives, making this cultural treasure accessible to a global audience. Visiting the Forbidden City is like 9. ________ (walk) through a living history book. It stands not only as a monument to China's imperial past but also as a symbol of its enduring cultural heritage, reminding us of the sophistication and grandeur of a civilization 10. ________ has lasted for millennia. Music is a universal language that transcends cultural and linguistic boundaries. Its impact on the human brain and emotions is profound. Studies have shown that listening to music can reduce stress, alleviate pain, and improve mood. This is because music activates the brain's reward system, 1. ________ (release) dopamine, a chemical associated with pleasure. 2. ________ is particularly powerful in evoking memories. A song from our past can instantly transport us back to a specific time and place, 3. ________ (trigger) a flood of associated emotions. This connection makes music a valuable tool in therapy for patients with Alzheimer's or dementia. Beyond its emotional effects, music also enhances cognitive performance. The "Mozart effect," 4. ________ suggests listening to classical music can temporarily boost spatial reasoning, has been widely debated. However, learning to play a musical instrument has clearer benefits. It improves memory, attention, and executive function by strengthening the connections between the brain's two hemispheres. 5. ________ (play) an instrument is like a full-body workout for the brain. In social contexts, music fosters cohesion. From national anthems to protest songs, it 6. ________ (use) to unite people and express collective identity. Despite the diversity of musical styles across the globe, the core elements — rhythm, melody, harmony — speak to a shared human experience. In an increasingly fragmented world, music serves as a reminder of our common humanity. It can comfort us in sorrow, amplify our joy, and provide a soundtrack to our lives. Whether we are actively 7. ________ (listen) or passively hearing it, music shapes our inner world in ways we are only beginning 8. ________ (understand). It is not merely entertainment; it is a fundamental part of 9. ________ makes us human, an art form that resonates with the very rhythm of life 10. ________. Volunteering, the act of giving one's time and skills without financial reward, benefits both the recipient and the giver. For communities, volunteers provide essential services that might otherwise be unavailable, from tutoring children to 1. ________ (clean) up parks. For the individual, the benefits are multifaceted. Firstly, it enhances mental well-being. Helping others releases endorphins, 2. ________ create a sense of happiness known as the "helper's high." It also combats loneliness and provides a sense of purpose, 3. ________ (particular) for retirees or those feeling disconnected. Secondly, volunteering builds social capital. It connects people from diverse backgrounds, 4. ________ (strengthen) community bonds and fostering empathy. Thirdly, it offers practical experience. Young people can explore career paths, 5. ________ (develop) new skills, and build professional networks in a low-pressure environment. Many employers value volunteer experience as it demonstrates initiative and social responsibility. 6. ________ finding the right opportunity is key. Consider your interests, skills, and available time. Whether you love animals, care about the environment, or want to mentor youth, there is likely an organization that needs your help. Start small; even a few hours a month can make a difference. It's also important 7. ________ (manage) your commitment to avoid burnout. The most rewarding volunteer work often aligns with your personal passions. In a world focused on material gain, volunteering reaffirms the value of compassion and collective effort. It reminds us that our worth is not tied to our income but to our contributions to 8. ________ (other) well-being. By giving, we 9. ________ (rich) our own lives, creating a positive ripple effect that extends far beyond the immediate act of service. Ultimately, a society with a strong culture of volunteerism is a 10. ________ (health) and more resilient one. （2024·湖南部分学校联考）The launch of the Shenzhou XⅢ manned spaceship on Oct. 26 was successful. In an interview with a major media outlet, Yang, currently deputy chief designer of China’s manned space program, said Chinese astronauts 1 ______ (select) for the manned missions to the moon should have the experience of traveling to the Tiangong space station. This is 2______ important criterion for the selection of “moon walkers”. The Shenzhou XⅢ mission can therefore 3______ (describe) as an important stage of the preparation for China’s manned lunar mission. The Shenzhou XⅢ mission and its crew have many firsts. The crew is the 4 ______ (young) of all China’s manned missions. It is also the first that has a combination of second-batch and third-batch astronauts. Tang Hongbo, a veteran astronaut5______ completed his first spaceflight about two years ago, is the first space traveler 6______ (revisit) China’s Tiangong space station. The Shenzhou XⅢ crew is very young. Astronauts Jiang Xinlin and Tang Shengjie are two of China’s third-generation astronauts. As they are on their first space mission 7 ______ such a young age, they will get plenty of 8 ______ (opportunity) to join more space missions. Being trained as astronauts, these young people 9______ (hopeful) get the chance of leading space missions in the future. Having its astronauts walk on the moon is part of China’s space dream, and the Shenzhou XⅢ manned mission could be a very important step toward China 10 ______ (realize) that dream. 答案第10页，共10页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 选择必修一、二（语法填空） 作业09 核心知识巩固+拓展突破 技巧点拨 一、语法填空解题策略 考点分布规律： · 无提示词（每篇约3-4空）： · 冠词（a/an/the）：特指用the，单数可数名词前常需冠词 · 介词（in/on/at等）：固定搭配或时间/地点关系 · 连词： · 并列连词（and/but/or） · 从属连词（that/whether/if引导名词性从句；when/although等引导状语从句） · 代词：主格/宾格/形容词性物主代词/反身代词 · 有提示词（每篇约6-7空）： · 动词（考频最高）： 判断步骤： 1. 看主语 → 确定主谓一致（第三人称单数） 2. 看时态 → 时间状语/上下文时态线索 3. 看语态 → 主语是执行者还是承受者 4. 看非谓语 → 句中已有谓语动词，则考虑： - doing：表主动/进行 - done：表被动/完成 - to do：表目的/将来 ``` · 词性转换： · 名词←→动词←→形容词←→副词 · 常见后缀：-tion/-ment/-ness/-ity; -ful/-ive/-ous; -ly · 形容词/副词比较级：than前用比较级，the...the...结构 解题流程： 1. 通读全文，把握大意和基本时态 2. 逐句分析，先判断句子成分是否完整 3. 根据空格位置和功能确定考点类型 4. 兼顾形式与意义，检查拼写和变形 Have you ever imagined wearing the same suit as Iron Man? With the rapid development of robotics and artificial intelligence, exoskeletons — wearable robotic suits 1. ________ enhance human strength and endurance — are moving from science fiction into reality. Initially developed for medical rehabilitation, helping paralyzed patients 2. ________ (walk) again, they are now finding uses in factories and warehouses. Workers wearing exoskeletons can lift heavy objects 3. ________ reduced risk of injury. The technology operates through a combination of sensors, motors, and sophisticated algorithms. When the sensor detects the user’s intention to move, 4. ________ sends a signal to the motor to provide assistive force. This seamless integration requires precise engineering. 5. ________ (current), the main challenges are reducing the cost and weight of the devices. Researchers are exploring lighter materials and more efficient power sources. Looking ahead, the potential applications are vast. In logistics, exoskeletons could transform manual handling. For the elderly, they could promote independence by compensating 6. ________ lost muscle strength. Some companies are even developing versions for outdoor recreation. 7. ________, ethical questions arise. Will they create an unfair advantage in the workplace? Could they lead to new forms of dependency? 8. ________ is clear that this technology, like any powerful tool, must be guided by thoughtful policies. The journey of exoskeletons from labs to daily life 9. ________ (be) a fascinating example of how innovation can empower individuals, 10. ________ (blur) the line between human capability and machine assistance. 答案与详解： 1. that/which。引导定语从句，先行词 suits 在从句中作主语。 2. walk。help sb. (to) do sth. 固定搭配，省略 to。 3. with。介词 with 表示“具有，带有”。 4. it。代词指代前文的主语 “the sensor”。 5. Currently。副词作状语，置于句首，修饰整个句子。 6. for。compensate for 固定短语，意为“补偿，弥补”。 7. However。上下文存在转折关系，且用逗号隔开。 8. It。It is clear that... 固定句型，it 作形式主语。 9. is。主语 journey 为单数，且描述客观事实，用一般现在时。 10. blurring。现在分词作伴随状语，表示与主句动作同时发生。 The “15-minute city” is an urban planning concept that has gained significant attention in recent years. The core idea is simple: ensure that city residents can meet most of their daily needs within a 15-minute walk or bike ride from their homes. This includes access 1. ________ work, schools, shops, parks, and healthcare. Proponents argue that such a design not only reduces traffic congestion and carbon emissions 2. ________ also fosters stronger community bonds by encouraging local interaction. Implementing this model requires a fundamental shift in 3. ________ we think about urban space. It prioritizes people over cars, leading to 4. ________ (increase) investment in pedestrian infrastructure, cycling lanes, and green spaces. Paris and Barcelona are among the cities 5. ________ (lead) the way with ambitious redesigns of their neighborhoods. In these areas, streets once dominated by traffic have been transformed into vibrant public squares. 6. ________ (achieve) this vision, however, is not without challenges. It demands careful zoning policies to mix residential and commercial areas and 7. ________ (ensure) affordable housing is distributed throughout the city. Critics also warn against creating isolated “villages” that might limit opportunities for residents. Despite these hurdles, the 15-minute city offers a compelling blueprint for a more sustainable, healthy, and equitable urban future. It represents a move away from the sprawling, car-dependent metropolis toward a model 8. ________ convenience and quality of life are centered on the human scale. As cities continue to grow, this concept may prove essential in making them 9. ________ (live) and resilient for all. Its success ultimately hinges 10. ________ inclusive planning and the participation of citizens themselves. 答案与详解： 1. to。access to sth. 固定搭配，意为“……的途径/使用权”。 2. but。not only… but also… 固定搭配。 3. how。引导宾语从句，且在从句中作方式状语。 4. increased。过去分词作定语，修饰 investment，意为“增加的”。 5. leading。现在分词作后置定语，cities 与 lead 为主动关系。 6. To achieve。不定式作目的状语，置于句首。 7. to ensure。与前面的 to mix 并列，作 demands 的宾语。 8. where。引导定语从句，先行词 model 在从句中作地点状语。 9. livable。make + 宾语 + 形容词（作宾补），意为“使城市更宜居”。 10. on。hinge on 固定短语，意为“取决于”。 For decades, the common octopus was seen as a solitary creature. Marine biologists based this conclusion 1. ________ countless hours of underwater observation. However, a remarkable discovery off the coast of Australia in the 2000s turned this belief upside down. Researchers stumbled upon a site, 2. ________ (later) named “Octlantis”, where up to fifteen octopuses were found living in close proximity, communicating, and even evicting each other from dens. This finding challenged a fundamental assumption in animal behavior. The octopus, with its highly complex nervous system, was not 3. ________ understood. The discovery of “Octlantis” and a similar site called “Octopolis” suggested that under certain environmental conditions — such as an abundance of food coupled 4. ________ limited shelter — these supposedly asocial animals could exhibit social behaviors. Scientists observed gestures, color changes, and even what appeared to be cooperative actions. The implications are profound. It forces us 5. ________ (reconsider) the drivers of social evolution. Does high intelligence naturally lead to social complexity, or is it driven by ecological necessity? The octopus provides a unique case study because its intelligence evolved 6. ________ (complete) independently from that of social mammals like humans. Studying these cephalopod societies may shed light on the origins of our own social instincts. 7. ________ is a humbling reminder that the natural world still holds deep mysteries. Just when we think we have a species figured out, it can surprise us, 8. ________ (reveal) new layers of complexity. Such discoveries underscore the importance of keeping an open mind in science, 9. ________ preconceived notions can often blind us to the evidence right in front of our eyes. The story of the social octopus is, therefore, not just about marine biology; it’s a lesson in 10. ________ (scientific) humility and wonder. 答案与详解： 1. on。base sth. on sth. 固定搭配，此处为被动语态 be based on。 2. later。副词作状语，意为“后来被命名的”。 3. fully。修饰动词 understood，需用副词形式。 4. with。coupled with 固定短语，意为“加上，与……相结合”。 5. to reconsider。force sb. to do sth. 固定搭配。 6. completely。修饰动词 evolved，需用副词形式。 7. It。代词指代前面整个发现及其意义。 8. revealing。现在分词作结果状语，表示伴随主句动作发生。 9. where。引导定语从句，先行词 science 在从句中作地点状语。 10. scientific。形容词修饰名词 humility。 (2022年新高考I卷模拟题)Last October, I was on a diving holiday in the Philippines with my family. We were staying in a small hut by the sea. One night, I was awakened by a strange noise. It sounded like a loud whisper. I got up, 1. ________ (look) out of the window, and saw something 2. ________ (move) in the bushes. My heart was pounding. I woke up my brother, and we went outside 3. ________ (investigate). We shone a flashlight around but saw nothing. Just as we were about to go back inside, we heard the noise again. It 4. ________ (come) from the beach. We walked towards the water, and there, under the moonlight, we saw a turtle — a huge sea turtle! She 5. ________ (dig) a hole in the sand to lay her eggs. We watched in 6. ________ (amaze) as she laid dozens of eggs, covered them up, and then slowly crawled back into the sea. It was a magical experience. We reported the nest to a local conservation group. Two months later, we received an email with 7. ________ photo: dozens of tiny turtle hatchlings were crawling towards the ocean. The email thanked us for our help. That night taught me that adventure and wonder can 8. ________ (find) close to home, and that we all have a role to play in 9. ________ (protect) nature. It was 10. ________ most unforgettable night of my life. 答案与详解： 1. looked。与 got up, went 并列，为过去时的一系列动作。 2. moving。see sth. doing 结构，表示“看到某物正在做某事”。 3. to investigate。不定式作目的状语。 4. was coming。描述过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。 5. was digging。描述我们当时看到“她正在挖洞”。 6. amazement。in amazement 固定短语，意为“惊讶地”。 7. a。photo 为可数名词单数，此处首次提及且非特指，用不定冠词。 8. be found。情态动词 can 后接动词原形，且 wonder 与 find 为被动关系。 9. protecting。介词 in 后应接动名词形式。 10. the。形容词最高级前用定冠词 the。 (2020年北京卷真题节选)In the mid-1990s, Dr. Marshall, an Australian scientist, made a bold claim. He believed that a type of bacteria, 1. ________ (call) Helicobacter pylori, caused stomach ulcers. At the time, the medical community thought ulcers were caused by stress or spicy food. To prove his theory, Dr. Marshall drank a petri dish containing the bacteria. Soon after, he developed severe stomach inflammation. He then took antibiotics and 2. ________ (cure). This dangerous experiment provided strong evidence for his theory. Today, 3. ________ is widely accepted that H. pylori causes most ulcers, and they are treated with antibiotics. For his work, Dr. Marshall won the Nobel Prize in 2005. His story is a powerful example of the scientific method: observation, hypothesis, experimentation, and conclusion. It also shows the importance of 4. ________ (question) established beliefs. Sometimes, progress requires 5. ________ (take) risks. However, it's crucial to note that Dr. Marshall was a trained professional. 6. ________ (conduct) such an experiment on oneself is extremely dangerous and 7. ________ (general) not recommended. The ethics of self-experimentation are complex. While it can lead to breakthroughs, it must be approached with 8. ________ (extreme) caution. Dr. Marshall's contribution has relieved the suffering of millions, but his method is 9. ________ (little) admired than his results. His legacy reminds us that science often advances 10. ________ the courage and conviction of individuals. 答案与详解： 1. called。过去分词作后置定语，修饰 bacteria，表被动。 2. was cured。与 developed 并列，且主语 he 与 cure 为被动关系。 3. it。It is widely accepted that... 固定句型，it 作形式主语。 4. questioning。介词 of 后应接动名词形式。 5. taking。require doing sth. 固定用法，主动形式表被动含义。 6. Conducting。动名词短语作主语。 7. generally。修饰动词 recommended，需用副词形式。 8. extreme。修饰名词 caution，需用形容词形式。 9. less。与后面的 than 构成比较级，表示“不如……受赞赏”。 10. through。表示“通过……（方式）”。 (2023年天津南开区期中考试)Chinese calligraphy is an art form that has been practiced for thousands of years. It involves 1. ________ (write) Chinese characters with a brush and ink. More than just beautiful handwriting, it is a mental exercise that coordinates the mind and body. The quality of one's calligraphy is believed 2. ________ (reflect) one's personality and cultivation. The Four Treasures of the Study — the brush, ink, paper, and inkstone — are essential tools. Mastering calligraphy requires years of disciplined practice. The basic strokes must 3. ________ (execute) with precision and grace. There are several major styles, such as Seal Script, Clerical Script, Regular Script, Running Script, and Cursive Script, each 4. ________ (have) its own distinct characteristics. In the past, calligraphy was a core part of education for scholars. Today, it 5. ________ (teach) in schools and practiced by people of all ages as a way to connect with cultural heritage. Creating a piece of calligraphy is a meditative process. The calligrapher must focus 6. ________ (complete) on the moment, controlling breath and movement. A good work exhibits a balance of strength and flexibility, density and lightness. It is a visual art where empty space is just as important 7. ________ the inked characters. In the digital age, the practice of calligraphy may seem old-fashioned, but its value endures. It teaches patience, discipline, and an appreciation for beauty in simplicity. It serves 8. ________ a bridge to the past, keeping ancient characters and 9. ________ (culture) values alive. For many, it remains a profound source of personal 10. ________ (fulfill) and artistic expression. 答案与详解： 1. writing。involve doing sth. 固定搭配。 2. to reflect。be believed to do sth. 固定句型。 3. be executed。情态动词 must 后接动词原形，且 strokes 与 execute 为被动关系。 4. having。独立主格结构，each 是逻辑主语，与 have 是主动关系。 5. is taught。讲述客观事实用一般现在时，且 calligraphy 与 teach 为被动关系。 6. completely。修饰动词 focus，需用副词形式。 7. as。as important as 固定结构。 8. as。serve as 固定短语，意为“作为”。 9. cultural。修饰名词 values，需用形容词形式。 10. fulfillment。形容词 personal 后应接名词。 The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has sparked widespread debate about the future of work. Many fear that AI and automation will lead 1. ________ mass unemployment as machines replace human workers. While it's true that certain routine jobs are 2. ________ (high) susceptible to automation, history suggests that technological revolutions also create new types of work. The key challenge lies in transition and retraining. Jobs requiring creativity, complex problem-solving, emotional intelligence, and interpersonal skills are 3. ________ (likely) to be automated in the near future. Instead of eliminating jobs entirely, AI is often 4. ________ (good) at handling specific tasks, augmenting human capabilities rather than replacing them. For example, doctors use AI to analyze medical images, 5. ________ allows them to make more accurate diagnoses. This partnership between human and machine can lead to greater productivity. Therefore, the focus should shift from job displacement to job transformation. Education systems need to adapt 6. ________ emphasizing skills that machines cannot easily replicate, such as critical thinking and adaptability. Lifelong learning will become essential for workers to stay relevant. Governments and businesses share the responsibility of 7. ________ (provide) retraining programs. 8. ________ the potential disruptions are real, a future with AI doesn't have to be bleak. It can free humans from mundane tasks, allowing us to focus on more meaningful and innovative work. The goal should not be to compete with AI but to collaborate with it. By doing so, we can harness its power to solve complex global issues and 9. ________ (potential) create a more prosperous society for all. The future of work will be different, but with preparation and 10. ________ (wise), it can be brighter. 答案与详解： 1. to。lead to 固定短语，意为“导致”。 2. highly。修饰形容词 susceptible，需用副词形式。 3. less likely。根据句意及“creativity”等判断，这些工作“更不可能”被自动化。 4. better。be good at 的比较级，与后面 rather than 呼应。 5. which。引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话。 6. by。表示“通过……方式”。 7. providing。介词 of 后应接动名词形式。 8. Although/While。引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。 9. potentially。修饰动词 create，需用副词形式。 10. wisdom。介词 with 后应接名词，与 preparation 并列。 (2022年上海徐汇区一模)Memory is a fascinating and complex function of the brain. We often think of it as a mental filing cabinet, but it's far 1. ________ (dynamic). Memories are not stored in one place; they are distributed across networks of neurons. The process of forming a memory involves three stages: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Sleep plays 2. ________ crucial role in memory consolidation — the process of stabilizing a memory after it is initially acquired. This is why “pulling an all-nighter” before an exam is often 3. ________ (effective) than getting a good night's sleep. Interestingly, memories are not fixed recordings. Each time we recall a memory, we reconsolidate it, 4. ________ makes the memory susceptible to change or distortion. This phenomenon explains why eyewitness testimony can sometimes be unreliable. 5. ________ (strengthen) your memory, experts recommend techniques like spaced repetition and elaborative rehearsal. Associating new information with 6. ________ you already know can also make it more memorable. As we age, some memory decline is normal, but a healthy lifestyle — including regular physical exercise, a balanced diet, a8nd mental stimulation — can help maintain cognitive function. 7. ________ is also important to manage stress, as chronic stress can damage the hippocampus, a brain region vital for memory. Research into memory has profound implications, from understanding diseases like Alzheimer's 8. ________ improving educational methods. While we may never have a perfect memory, understanding how it works empowers us 9. ________ (use) it better. Our memories, in many ways, shape who we are, weaving the stories of our past into the fabric of our 10. ________ (identify). 答案与详解： 1. more dynamic。far 修饰比较级，且根据句意应为“比这动态得多”。 2. a。play a role in 固定短语，且 crucial 以辅音音素开头。 3. less effective。根据常识，熬夜复习效果不如好好睡觉。 4. which。引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话。 5. To strengthen。不定式作目的状语。 6. what。引导宾语从句，且在从句中作 know 的宾语。 7. It。It is important to do sth. 固定句型，it 作形式主语。 8. to。from... to... 结构，表示范围。 9. to use。empower sb. to do sth. 固定搭配。 10. identity。形容词性物主代词 our 后应接名词。 Vertical forests, skyscrapers covered with trees and plants, are emerging as an innovative solution 1. ________ urban environmental problems. The concept, pioneered by Italian architect Stefano Boeri, aims to bring forests into the heart of cities. These buildings are not just aesthetically pleasing; they serve important ecological functions. The plants absorb carbon dioxide, produce oxygen, filter dust from the air, and moderate the building's temperature, 2. ________ (reduce) energy consumption for heating and cooling. They also create habitats for birds and insects, 3. ________ (help) to increase urban biodiversity. The first vertical forests were built in Milan, Italy. Each tower hosts hundreds of trees and thousands of shrubs and plants, equivalent to 4. ________ area of forest on the ground. Maintaining these living facades requires careful planning, 5. ________ (include) automated irrigation systems and the selection of plants suitable for the local climate. 6. ________ the high initial cost, the long-term benefits for air quality, biodiversity, and residents' well-being are significant. The idea is gaining 7. ________ (popular) worldwide, with similar projects planned in cities from Nanjing to Utrecht. As cities continue to grow denser, integrating nature into architecture becomes 8. ________ (increasing) important. Vertical forests represent a shift towards a more sustainable and biophilic urban design philosophy. They challenge the traditional separation 9. ________ city and nature, proposing a model where they coexist harmoniously. While not a silver bullet for all urban ills, they are a promising step towards 10. ________ (create) greener, healthier, and more livable cities for the future. 答案与详解： 1. to。a solution to a problem 固定搭配。 2. reducing。现在分词作结果状语，表示自然产生的结果。 3. helping。现在分词作伴随状语。 4. an。area 为可数名词单数，此处泛指“一块森林区域”，且 area 以元音音素开头。 5. including。现在分词作状语，对前文进行补充说明。 6. Despite。介词，表示“尽管”，后接名词短语 the high initial cost。 7. popularity。动词 gain 后应接名词作宾语。 8. increasingly。修饰形容词 important，需用副词形式。 9. between。separation between A and B 固定搭配。 10. creating。介词 towards 后应接动名词形式。 Society often celebrates success and hides failure, but the path to achievement is usually paved with setbacks. J.K. Rowling's first Harry Potter manuscript was rejected by twelve publishers. Steven Spielberg was rejected from film school multiple times. These stories remind us that failure is not the opposite of success; it is 1. ________ integral part of the journey. Failure provides invaluable data. It teaches us what doesn't work, 2. ________ forces us to innovate and adapt. Thomas Edison famously said of the light bulb, "I have not failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that won't work." This mindset views failure as a learning opportunity rather than 3. ________ final verdict. The fear of failure, however, can be paralyzing. It can prevent us 4. ________ taking risks or trying new things. To overcome this, we must reframe our perception of failure. We should aim for progress, not perfection. Each small stumble is a step forward 5. ________ (long) as we learn from it. Resilience — the ability to bounce back from adversity — is a key trait developed through experiencing and overcoming failure. Building resilience requires self-compassion and a focus on effort over outcome. It's also helpful to share our failures; 6. ________ (do) so reduces stigma and creates a supportive environment where others feel safe to take risks. In science, business, and art, breakthroughs are rarely achieved without prior failures. Embracing failure as a teacher, 7. ________ than a tormentor, unlocks creativity and perseverance. So, the next time you face a setback, ask yourself: "What can I learn from this?" This simple question can transform a moment of 8. ________ (frustrate) into a powerful catalyst for growth. Remember, the only true failure is the failure 9. ________ learn and to try again. Success often lies just beyond the point where most people choose 10. ________ (give) up. 答案与详解： 1. an。part 以辅音音素开头，但 integral 以元音音素开头，用 an。 2. and。连接两个并列的谓语动词 teaches 和 forces。 3. a。verdict 为可数名词单数，此处非特指，用不定冠词。 4. from。prevent sb. from doing sth. 固定搭配。 5. as。as long as 固定短语，意为“只要”。 6. doing。动名词短语作主语。 7. rather。rather than 固定短语，意为“而不是”。 8. frustration。介词 of 后应接名词。 9. to。the failure to do sth. 固定表达，意为“未能做某事”。 10. to give。choose to do sth. 固定搭配。 (2023年华中师大附中月考)The Forbidden City in Beijing, 1. ________ (know) as the Palace Museum today, is a masterpiece of Chinese wooden architecture and one of the world's best-preserved ancient palatial complexes. Its construction began in 1406 under the order of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty and 2. ________ (complete) in 1420. For nearly 500 years, it served 3. ________ the imperial palace for 24 emperors from the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The complex consists of 980 buildings with over 8,700 rooms, 4. ________ (surround) by a massive wall and a wide moat. The layout is strictly symmetrical along a north-south central axis, reflecting traditional Chinese cosmological principles and the supreme power of the emperor. Every detail, from the number of roof figurines to the colors of the tiles, 5. ________ (carry) symbolic meaning. Yellow, for instance, was reserved for the emperor. After the last emperor Puyi abdicated in 1925, the palace 6. ________ (transform) into a public museum, opening its doors to ordinary people for the first time. Today, it houses an immense collection of artifacts, 7. ________ (offer) a glimpse into imperial life and Chinese art. Preservation is an ongoing challenge due to the wooden structures' vulnerability to fire and decay. 8. ________ (recent), advanced digital technologies have been employed to create virtual tours and detailed archives, making this cultural treasure accessible to a global audience. Visiting the Forbidden City is like 9. ________ (walk) through a living history book. It stands not only as a monument to China's imperial past but also as a symbol of its enduring cultural heritage, reminding us of the sophistication and grandeur of a civilization 10. ________ has lasted for millennia. 答案与详解： 1. known。过去分词短语作定语，相当于 which is known。 2. was completed。讲述过去动作，且 construction 与 complete 为被动关系。 3. as。serve as 固定短语。 4. surrounded。过去分词短语作状语，表被动，建筑物“被环绕”。 5. carries。主语 every detail 为单数，且陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。 6. was transformed。讲述过去动作，且 palace 与 transform 为被动关系。 7. offering。现在分词作伴随状语。 8. Recently。副词作时间状语，置于句首。 9. walking。like 作介词，后接动名词。 10. that/which。引导定语从句，先行词 civilization 在从句中作主语。 Music is a universal language that transcends cultural and linguistic boundaries. Its impact on the human brain and emotions is profound. Studies have shown that listening to music can reduce stress, alleviate pain, and improve mood. This is because music activates the brain's reward system, 1. ________ (release) dopamine, a chemical associated with pleasure. 2. ________ is particularly powerful in evoking memories. A song from our past can instantly transport us back to a specific time and place, 3. ________ (trigger) a flood of associated emotions. This connection makes music a valuable tool in therapy for patients with Alzheimer's or dementia. Beyond its emotional effects, music also enhances cognitive performance. The "Mozart effect," 4. ________ suggests listening to classical music can temporarily boost spatial reasoning, has been widely debated. However, learning to play a musical instrument has clearer benefits. It improves memory, attention, and executive function by strengthening the connections between the brain's two hemispheres. 5. ________ (play) an instrument is like a full-body workout for the brain. In social contexts, music fosters cohesion. From national anthems to protest songs, it 6. ________ (use) to unite people and express collective identity. Despite the diversity of musical styles across the globe, the core elements — rhythm, melody, harmony — speak to a shared human experience. In an increasingly fragmented world, music serves as a reminder of our common humanity. It can comfort us in sorrow, amplify our joy, and provide a soundtrack to our lives. Whether we are actively 7. ________ (listen) or passively hearing it, music shapes our inner world in ways we are only beginning 8. ________ (understand). It is not merely entertainment; it is a fundamental part of 9. ________ makes us human, an art form that resonates with the very rhythm of life 10. ________. 答案与详解： 1. releasing。现在分词作结果状语。 2. It。指代上句的主语 Music。 3. triggering。现在分词作结果状语，表示伴随主句动作发生。 4. which。引导非限制性定语从句，指代 “The ‘Mozart effect’”。 5. Playing。动名词短语作主语。 6. is used。讲述客观事实用一般现在时，且 music 与 use 为被动关系。 7. listening。are listening 构成现在进行时。 8. to understand。begin to do 固定搭配。 9. what。引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语。 10. itself。反身代词起强调作用，the very rhythm of life itself “生命本身的节奏”。 Volunteering, the act of giving one's time and skills without financial reward, benefits both the recipient and the giver. For communities, volunteers provide essential services that might otherwise be unavailable, from tutoring children to 1. ________ (clean) up parks. For the individual, the benefits are multifaceted. Firstly, it enhances mental well-being. Helping others releases endorphins, 2. ________ create a sense of happiness known as the "helper's high." It also combats loneliness and provides a sense of purpose, 3. ________ (particular) for retirees or those feeling disconnected. Secondly, volunteering builds social capital. It connects people from diverse backgrounds, 4. ________ (strengthen) community bonds and fostering empathy. Thirdly, it offers practical experience. Young people can explore career paths, 5. ________ (develop) new skills, and build professional networks in a low-pressure environment. Many employers value volunteer experience as it demonstrates initiative and social responsibility. 6. ________ finding the right opportunity is key. Consider your interests, skills, and available time. Whether you love animals, care about the environment, or want to mentor youth, there is likely an organization that needs your help. Start small; even a few hours a month can make a difference. It's also important 7. ________ (manage) your commitment to avoid burnout. The most rewarding volunteer work often aligns with your personal passions. In a world focused on material gain, volunteering reaffirms the value of compassion and collective effort. It reminds us that our worth is not tied to our income but to our contributions to 8. ________ (other) well-being. By giving, we 9. ________ (rich) our own lives, creating a positive ripple effect that extends far beyond the immediate act of service. Ultimately, a society with a strong culture of volunteerism is a 10. ________ (health) and more resilient one. 答案与详解： 1. cleaning。from... to... 结构连接并列成分，to 为介词。 2. which。引导非限制性定语从句，指代 endorphins。 3. particularly。修饰整个介词短语，需用副词形式。 4. strengthening。与 fostering 并列，为现在分词作结果状语。 5. develop。与 explore, build 并列，为 can 后的动词原形。 6. But/However。上文讲好处，此处讲“找到合适机会是关键”，有轻微转折。 7. to manage。It is important to do sth. 句型。 8. others'。others' well-being 表示“他人的福祉”。 9. enrich。陈述一般事实，且主语为 we，用动词原形。 10. healthier。与后面 more resilient 并列，均为比较级。 （2024·湖南部分学校联考）The launch of the Shenzhou XⅢ manned spaceship on Oct. 26 was successful. In an interview with a major media outlet, Yang, currently deputy chief designer of China’s manned space program, said Chinese astronauts 1 ______ (select) for the manned missions to the moon should have the experience of traveling to the Tiangong space station. This is 2______ important criterion for the selection of “moon walkers”. The Shenzhou XⅢ mission can therefore 3______ (describe) as an important stage of the preparation for China’s manned lunar mission. The Shenzhou XⅢ mission and its crew have many firsts. The crew is the 4 ______ (young) of all China’s manned missions. It is also the first that has a combination of second-batch and third-batch astronauts. Tang Hongbo, a veteran astronaut5______ completed his first spaceflight about two years ago, is the first space traveler 6______ (revisit) China’s Tiangong space station. The Shenzhou XⅢ crew is very young. Astronauts Jiang Xinlin and Tang Shengjie are two of China’s third-generation astronauts. As they are on their first space mission 7 ______ such a young age, they will get plenty of 8 ______ (opportunity) to join more space missions. Being trained as astronauts, these young people 9______ (hopeful) get the chance of leading space missions in the future. Having its astronauts walk on the moon is part of China’s space dream, and the Shenzhou XⅢ manned mission could be a very important step toward China 10 ______ (realize) that dream. 答案及详解： 1. selected · 详解：考查非谓语动词。句子主干为“Chinese astronauts... should have the experience...”，空格处需填入修饰“astronauts”的成分。“astronauts”与“select”（挑选）之间为被动关系（被选中），且动作已完成，故用过去分词selected作后置定语。 2. an · 详解：考查冠词。空格后“important criterion”为单数可数名词，表示“一个重要的标准”，需用不定冠词。因“important”以元音音素开头，故填an。 3. be described · 详解：考查被动语态。句子主语“The Shenzhou XⅢ mission”与动词“describe”（描述）之间为被动关系（被描述），且前有情态动词“can”，故填be described。 4. youngest · 详解：考查形容词最高级。根据语境“of all China’s manned missions”（在所有中国载人任务中）及空格前的定冠词“the”，可知此处表示“最年轻的”，故填形容词young的最高级形式youngest。 5. who/that · 详解：考查定语从句关系代词。空格引导定语从句，修饰先行词“astronaut”（宇航员，指人）。关系词在从句中充当主语，指代人，故可用who或that。 6. to revisit · 详解：考查非谓语动词。当名词被序数词（如the first, the last等）或the only, the next等修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。此处“the first space traveler”后接不定式to revisit作定语，表示“第一个（重访的）太空旅行者”。 7. at · 详解：考查介词。固定搭配“at ... age”表示“在……年龄”，故填at。 8. opportunities · 详解：考查名词复数。“opportunity”为可数名词。其前有“plenty of”（大量的）修饰，故应用复数形式opportunities。 9. hopefully · 详解：考查副词。空格在句中修饰动词“get”，作状语，需用副词形式。故将形容词“hopeful”变为副词hopefully。 10. realizing · 详解：考查动名词。介词“toward”后应接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。“China”与“realize”之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用动名词复合结构“China realizing”，在此作介词宾语。 答案第10页，共14页 1 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $