寒假作业05非限制性定语从句+高考必考题型（巩固培优）高二英语译林版

选择必修三语法（非限制性定语从句） 作业05 核心知识巩固+拓展突破 一、核心概念与基本特征 1. 定义与功能 非限制性定语从句是对主句中的先行词进行补充说明的从句，它与主句之间用逗号分隔，去掉后不影响主句的基本意思。在书面语中常见，使表达更加丰富、准确。 2. 基本特征 · 标点特征：必须用逗号与主句分隔 · 意义特征：提供附加信息而非必要限定信息 · 结构特征：从句独立性较强，常可译为独立分句 · 关系词：不能用that引导，通常用which, who, whom, whose, where, when, as 3. 与限制性定语从句的核心区别 非限制性定语从句必须有逗号分隔，关系词不可用that，译为独立分句。 例句对比分析： · 限制性：I have a sister who works in Shanghai.（我有个在上海工作的姐妹。暗示可能有其他姐妹不在上海工作） · 非限制性：I have a sister, who works in Shanghai.（我有个姐妹，她在上海工作。只是补充说明唯一姐妹的情况） 二、关系词用法详解 1. 指人的关系词 （1）who · 在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时较正式） · 例句： · My English teacher, who has taught for 20 years, will retire next year.（作主语） · Professor Wang, who we met yesterday, will give us a lecture.（作宾语） （2）whom · 在从句中作宾语（正式语体），口语中常用who代替 · 例句： · Mr. Smith, whom I respect greatly, is my mentor. · The famous writer, to whom I sent a letter, replied yesterday.（介词+whom） （3）whose · 表示"某人的"或"某物的"，在从句中作定语 · 例句： · The scientist, whose research changed the field, won the Nobel Prize. · The ancient tree, whose branches spread wide, is over 500 years old.（指物） 2. 指物或整个主句的关系词 （1）which · 指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语 · 可指代前面整个主句（重要考点） · 例句： · The new library, which was built last year, has modern facilities.（指物，作主语） · The smartphone, which I bought last month, works perfectly.（指物，作宾语） · He lost the game, which disappointed his fans.（指整个主句） （2）as · 特殊关系词，常用于固定表达 · 可置于句首、句中或句尾 · 与which的区别：as有"正如"的含义，which只是客观描述 · 固定搭配：as we know, as is reported, as often happens, as you can see · 例句： · As we expected, he succeeded in the experiment.（句首） · She was late again, as is often the case.（句尾） 3. 指时间地点的关系词 （1）when · 指时间，在从句中作时间状语 · 例句： · I'll visit Beijing in October, when the weather is cool. · The 2008 Olympics, when China won 51 gold medals, was held in Beijing. （2）where · 指地点，在从句中作地点状语 · 例句： · They moved to Shanghai, where job opportunities are abundant. · The bookstore, where I spent many weekends, has closed down. 4. 特殊结构 （1）介词+which/whom · 用于表达更精确的关系 · 例句： · This is the house, in which Shakespeare was born. · Our manager, with whom I discussed the plan, agreed to support it. （2）名词/代词+of+which/whom · 表示部分与整体的关系 · 例句： · The team has 15 members, most of whom are engineers. · He bought three novels, two of which were bestsellers. 三、高考高频考点深度解析 考点1：关系词选择（近年高考热点） 2023年全国甲卷真题 The Great Wall, ______ attracts millions of tourists every year, is a symbol of China's ancient civilization. A. that B. which C. where D. when 2022年新高考I卷真题 She introduced me to her brother, ______ is a well-known musician. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 考点2：which指代整个主句 2021年北京卷真题 The team completed the project ahead of schedule, ______ was beyond our expectation. A. that B. it C. which D. what 2020年全国III卷真题 He always helps others without hesitation, ______ makes him popular in the community. A. as B. that C. which D. who 考点3：as的特殊用法 2023年江苏卷真题 ______ is often the case, teenagers tend to rebel against authority. A. It B. That C. As D. What 考点4：whose的跨类别指代 2021年上海卷真题 They're studying the ancient city, ______ original name has been lost in history. A. which B. whose C. its D. where 考点5：介词+which结构 2023年浙江卷真题 We visited the village school, in front of ______ stood an old banyan tree. A. that B. it C. which D. where 四、易错难点与解题技巧 易错点1：误用that 错误示例：My uncle, that lives abroad, will visit us. 正确形式：My uncle, who lives abroad, will visit us. 记忆口诀：非限制，不用that，逗号分隔别忘啦。 易错点2：关系词在从句中成分判断错误 解题步骤： 1. 找出先行词 2. 将先行词代入从句 3. 分析其在从句中的语法成分 示例：The museum, ______ we visited yesterday, is very large. 分析：先行词museum代入从句→we visited the museum→museum作宾语→用which 易错点3：as与which混淆 区分要点： · as：有"正如"之意，位置灵活 · which：无"正如"之意，只能后置 对比： · As is known to all, the earth is round.（正确） · Which is known to all, the earth is round.（错误） · The earth is round, as is known to all.（正确） · The earth is round, which is known to all.（正确） 易错点4：where/when与介词+which混淆 判断方法： · where/when可直接作状语 · 介词+which需根据搭配选择正确介词 转换示例： · This is the park where we often play. = This is the park in which we often play. · I remember the day when we first met. = I remember the day on which we first met. 五、备考策略 1. 解题三步法 第一步：判断类型 · 有逗号分隔→非限制性定语从句 · 无逗号分隔→可能是限制性定语从句 第二步：分析成分 · 确定先行词 · 分析从句缺少什么成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语） · 根据先行词类型和成分选择关系词 第三步：检查排除 · 非限制性排除that · 介词后排除that（固定短语除外） · 句首排除which（可用as） 单句语法填空 在空格处填入适当的关系词或"介词+关系词" 1. My grandfather, ______ is 85 years old, still goes for a walk every morning. 2. The Eiffel Tower, ______ was completed in 1889, is a symbol of Paris. 3. She has two daughters, both of ______ are studying abroad. 4. We plan to visit London next summer, ______ my brother is working. 5. The meeting was canceled unexpectedly, ______ caused some inconvenience. 6. ______ is often the case with beginners, he made some simple mistakes. 7. The ancient temple, ______ roof was damaged in the earthquake, needs restoration。 8. He showed me his new car, for ______ he had paid a lot of money. 9. Last Friday, ______ was my birthday, we had a big party。 10. The scientist made an important discovery, the importance of ______ was not recognized immediately. 11. My cousin, ______ I haven't seen for years, called me yesterday. 12. The company launched a new product, ______ was mentioned in the news report. 13.We climbed to the top of the mountain, from ______ we had a wonderful view. 14.Charles Dickens, ______ novels are still widely read, was a famous English writer. 15. The project was completed ahead of schedule, ______ made the manager very happy. 一、根据中文意思翻译句子，使用非限制性定语从句 1. 支付宝是中国最流行的移动支付平台，它改变了人们的支付方式。 _________________________________________________________________________ 2. 正如数据显示的那样，过去五年新能源汽车的销量快速增长。 _________________________________________________________________________ 3. 王教授是我最喜欢的老师，他的课总是很有趣。 ________________________________________________________________________ 4. 我们参观了国家博物馆，在那里我们看到了许多珍贵文物。 _________________________________________________________________________ 5. 他赢得了比赛，这使他的父母非常骄傲。 _________________________________________________________________________ 6. 我叔叔住在纽约，他是一名建筑师。 ________________________________________________________________________ 7. 这本书是莫言写的，他获得了诺贝尔文学奖。 _________________________________________________________________________ 8. 我们去年去了西安，那是一座历史悠久的城市。 _________________________________________________________________________ 9. 会议被推迟了，这意味着我们有更多时间准备。 _________________________________________________________________________ 答案第10页，共10页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 选择必修三语法（非限制性定语从句） 作业05 核心知识巩固+拓展突破 一、核心概念与基本特征 1. 定义与功能 非限制性定语从句是对主句中的先行词进行补充说明的从句，它与主句之间用逗号分隔，去掉后不影响主句的基本意思。在书面语中常见，使表达更加丰富、准确。 2. 基本特征 · 标点特征：必须用逗号与主句分隔 · 意义特征：提供附加信息而非必要限定信息 · 结构特征：从句独立性较强，常可译为独立分句 · 关系词：不能用that引导，通常用which, who, whom, whose, where, when, as 3. 与限制性定语从句的核心区别 非限制性定语从句必须有逗号分隔，关系词不可用that，译为独立分句。 例句对比分析： · 限制性：I have a sister who works in Shanghai.（我有个在上海工作的姐妹。暗示可能有其他姐妹不在上海工作） · 非限制性：I have a sister, who works in Shanghai.（我有个姐妹，她在上海工作。只是补充说明唯一姐妹的情况） 二、关系词用法详解 1. 指人的关系词 （1）who · 在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时较正式） · 例句： · My English teacher, who has taught for 20 years, will retire next year.（作主语） · Professor Wang, who we met yesterday, will give us a lecture.（作宾语） （2）whom · 在从句中作宾语（正式语体），口语中常用who代替 · 例句： · Mr. Smith, whom I respect greatly, is my mentor. · The famous writer, to whom I sent a letter, replied yesterday.（介词+whom） （3）whose · 表示"某人的"或"某物的"，在从句中作定语 · 例句： · The scientist, whose research changed the field, won the Nobel Prize. · The ancient tree, whose branches spread wide, is over 500 years old.（指物） 2. 指物或整个主句的关系词 （1）which · 指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语 · 可指代前面整个主句（重要考点） · 例句： · The new library, which was built last year, has modern facilities.（指物，作主语） · The smartphone, which I bought last month, works perfectly.（指物，作宾语） · He lost the game, which disappointed his fans.（指整个主句） （2）as · 特殊关系词，常用于固定表达 · 可置于句首、句中或句尾 · 与which的区别：as有"正如"的含义，which只是客观描述 · 固定搭配：as we know, as is reported, as often happens, as you can see · 例句： · As we expected, he succeeded in the experiment.（句首） · She was late again, as is often the case.（句尾） 3. 指时间地点的关系词 （1）when · 指时间，在从句中作时间状语 · 例句： · I'll visit Beijing in October, when the weather is cool. · The 2008 Olympics, when China won 51 gold medals, was held in Beijing. （2）where · 指地点，在从句中作地点状语 · 例句： · They moved to Shanghai, where job opportunities are abundant. · The bookstore, where I spent many weekends, has closed down. 4. 特殊结构 （1）介词+which/whom · 用于表达更精确的关系 · 例句： · This is the house, in which Shakespeare was born. · Our manager, with whom I discussed the plan, agreed to support it. （2）名词/代词+of+which/whom · 表示部分与整体的关系 · 例句： · The team has 15 members, most of whom are engineers. · He bought three novels, two of which were bestsellers. 三、高考高频考点深度解析 考点1：关系词选择（近年高考热点） 2023年全国甲卷真题 The Great Wall, ______ attracts millions of tourists every year, is a symbol of China's ancient civilization. A. that B. which C. where D. when 解析：选B。先行词The Great Wall为专有名词，用非限制性定语从句补充说明。which在从句中作主语，指代长城。that不能用于非限制性定语从句。 关键点：专有名词+逗号→非限制性→排除that 2022年新高考I卷真题 She introduced me to her brother, ______ is a well-known musician. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 解析：选A。指人（her brother）且在从句中作主语，用who。注意whom只能作宾语。 关键点：判断关系词在从句中的成分是解题关键 考点2：which指代整个主句 2021年北京卷真题 The team completed the project ahead of schedule, ______ was beyond our expectation. A. that B. it C. which D. what 解析：选C。which指代前面整个主句"团队提前完成项目"这件事。非限制性定语从句中，which可指代前面整个主句或部分内容，此时不能用that。 关键点：逗号后缺主语+前面是完整句子→which指代整句 2020年全国III卷真题 He always helps others without hesitation, ______ makes him popular in the community. A. as B. that C. which D. who 解析：选C。which指代前面整个主句描述的行为品质。注意：此处as也可用，但强调"正如"，而which更客观描述结果。 考点3：as的特殊用法 2023年江苏卷真题 ______ is often the case, teenagers tend to rebel against authority. A. It B. That C. As D. What 解析：选C。as引导非限制性定语从句置于句首，表示"正如...情况一样"。这是固定句型，which不能置于句首。 规律总结： · as引导从句可置于句首、句中、句尾 · which引导从句只能置于主句后 · as有"正如"之意，which无此含义 考点4：whose的跨类别指代 2021年上海卷真题 They're studying the ancient city, ______ original name has been lost in history. A. which B. whose C. its D. where 解析：选B。whose修饰name，表示"该城市的原始名称"。whose既可指人也可指物，表示"...的"。 拓展：whose = of which（正式语体） · The ancient city, whose original name... = The ancient city, the original name of which... 考点5：介词+which结构 2023年浙江卷真题 We visited the village school, in front of ______ stood an old banyan tree. A. that B. it C. which D. where 解析：选C。介词+which结构，which指代the village school。that不能用于介词后（除固定短语外），where是关系副词，不直接跟介词。 高考趋势：介词+which结构在近年高考中出现频率增加，需重点掌握。 四、易错难点与解题技巧 易错点1：误用that 错误示例：My uncle, that lives abroad, will visit us. 正确形式：My uncle, who lives abroad, will visit us. 记忆口诀：非限制，不用that，逗号分隔别忘啦。 易错点2：关系词在从句中成分判断错误 解题步骤： 1. 找出先行词 2. 将先行词代入从句 3. 分析其在从句中的语法成分 示例：The museum, ______ we visited yesterday, is very large. 分析：先行词museum代入从句→we visited the museum→museum作宾语→用which 易错点3：as与which混淆 区分要点： · as：有"正如"之意，位置灵活 · which：无"正如"之意，只能后置 对比： · As is known to all, the earth is round.（正确） · Which is known to all, the earth is round.（错误） · The earth is round, as is known to all.（正确） · The earth is round, which is known to all.（正确） 易错点4：where/when与介词+which混淆 判断方法： · where/when可直接作状语 · 介词+which需根据搭配选择正确介词 转换示例： · This is the park where we often play. = This is the park in which we often play. · I remember the day when we first met. = I remember the day on which we first met. 五、备考策略 1. 解题三步法 第一步：判断类型 · 有逗号分隔→非限制性定语从句 · 无逗号分隔→可能是限制性定语从句 第二步：分析成分 · 确定先行词 · 分析从句缺少什么成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语） · 根据先行词类型和成分选择关系词 第三步：检查排除 · 非限制性排除that · 介词后排除that（固定短语除外） · 句首排除which（可用as） 单句语法填空 在空格处填入适当的关系词或"介词+关系词" 1. My grandfather, ______ is 85 years old, still goes for a walk every morning. who 解析：指人（my grandfather），在从句中作主语。 2. The Eiffel Tower, ______ was completed in 1889, is a symbol of Paris. which 解析：指物（The Eiffel Tower），在从句中作主语。非限制性定语从句不能用that。 3. She has two daughters, both of ______ are studying abroad. whom 解析：介词of后指人用whom。both of whom是固定结构，表示"两者都"。 4. We plan to visit London next summer, ______ my brother is working. where 解析：指地点（London），在从句中作地点状语。where = in which。 5. The meeting was canceled unexpectedly, ______ caused some inconvenience. which 解析：指代前面整个主句"会议被意外取消"这件事，在从句中作主语。 6. ______ is often the case with beginners, he made some simple mistakes. As 解析：固定句型"as is often the case with..."，表示"正如...常见的情况"。 7. The ancient temple, ______ roof was damaged in the earthquake, needs restoration。 whose 解析：表示"古庙的"，whose修饰roof，在从句中作定语。 8. He showed me his new car, for ______ he had paid a lot of money. which 解析：介词for后指物用which，指代car。 9. Last Friday, ______ was my birthday, we had a big party。 which 解析：指时间（Last Friday），在从句中作主语。注意：此处虽然是时间，但在从句中作主语，所以用which而不是when。 10. The scientist made an important discovery, the importance of ______ was not recognized immediately. which 解析：the importance of which = whose importance，正式表达。 11. My cousin, ______ I haven't seen for years, called me yesterday. whom 解析：指人（my cousin），在从句中作宾语，用whom（正式）或who（非正式）。 12. The company launched a new product, ______ was mentioned in the news report. which 解析：指物（a new product），在从句中作主语。注意：此处也可用as，但which更常见。 13.We climbed to the top of the mountain, from ______ we had a wonderful view. which 解析：介词from后指物用which，指代the top of the mountain。 14.Charles Dickens, ______ novels are still widely read, was a famous English writer. whose 解析：表示"狄更斯的"，whose修饰novels，在从句中作定语。 15. The project was completed ahead of schedule, ______ made the manager very happy. which 解析：指代前面整个主句"项目提前完成"这件事，在从句中作主语。 一、根据中文意思翻译句子，使用非限制性定语从句 1. 支付宝是中国最流行的移动支付平台，它改变了人们的支付方式。 Alipay, which is the most popular mobile payment platform in China, has changed people's payment methods. 解析：which引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明Alipay，在从句中作主语。 2. 正如数据显示的那样，过去五年新能源汽车的销量快速增长。 As the data shows, the sales of new energy vehicles have grown rapidly in the past five years. 解析：as引导从句置于句首，表示"正如数据显示"，as在从句中作宾语。 3. 王教授是我最喜欢的老师，他的课总是很有趣。 Professor Wang, whose classes are always interesting, is my favorite teacher. 解析：whose表示"王教授的"，修饰classes，在从句中作定语。 4. 我们参观了国家博物馆，在那里我们看到了许多珍贵文物。 We visited the National Museum, where we saw many precious cultural relics. 解析：where引导地点状语从句，指代the National Museum，在从句中作状语。 5. 他赢得了比赛，这使他的父母非常骄傲。 He won the competition, which made his parents very proud. 解析：which指代前面整个主句"他赢得了比赛"，在从句中作主语。 6. 我叔叔住在纽约，他是一名建筑师。 My uncle lives in New York, where he works as an architect. 解析：where指代New York，在从句中作地点状语。注意：也可用"who is an architect"，但这里用where更符合原句意思。 7. 这本书是莫言写的，他获得了诺贝尔文学奖。 This book was written by Mo Yan, who won the Nobel Prize in Literature. 解析：who指代Mo Yan，在从句中作主语。 8. 我们去年去了西安，那是一座历史悠久的城市。 We visited Xi'an last year, which is a city with a long history. 解析：which指代Xi'an，在从句中作主语。注意：此处也可用where，但which更强调"西安这座城市"。 9. 会议被推迟了，这意味着我们有更多时间准备。 The meeting was postponed, which meant we had more time to prepare. 解析：which指代前面整个主句"会议被推迟"，在从句中作主语。 答案第10页，共14页 1 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $