批判性阅读（多文本对比）-高考英语新题型·阅读理解

高考英语新题型解析模板 阅该理解 批判性阋读 (多文本对比20题) 考查目标 ①批半判性思维 ②论证逻辑分析能力 ③观点辨析能力 A4页面PDF文件下载编辑打印随心所欲 高考英语新题型解析模板♪ 高考英语新题型解析模板 阅读理解批判性阅读 多文本对北比 题型说明 所有试题采用“双文本+配套图表”形式，文本围绕同一主题呈现 对立/差异立场，图表类型涵盖散点图、柱状图、饼图、表格等，用于 支撑文本论证。考查核心能力：批判性思维（识别逻辑漏洞、评价论 据有效性)、论证逻辑分析能力（对比论证角度、梳理逻辑链条）、 观点辨析能力（定位核心分歧、提炼共识）、跨形式整合能力（结合 文本与图表验证观点)，难度贴合新高考要求。 试题1（主题：校园是否允许携带手机） 文本1（支持携带手机） High schools should allow students to carry mobile phones,as they serve as practical learning tools.Many educational apps (such as dictionary tools and online courses)enable students to access resources anytime,anywhere.A survey shows that 68%of students use phones to check academic information during breaks. Additionally,phones facilitate communication between students and parents-for example,parents can contact their children immediately in emergencies.The scatter plot below shows the correlation between daily phone usage time (within 1 hour) and academic performance. 文本2（反对携带手机） Mobile phones should be banned in high schools due to their negative impact on learning.Teenagers are easily distracted by social media,games,and short videos. Data shows that students who use phones for more than 2 hours a day have a 30% lower homework completion rate.Moreover,phone use in class disrupts teaching order-75%of teachers report frequent classroom distractions caused by phones. The scatter plot below further confirms the risk of excessive use. 135 130 (09T港 120 ● )绩成末期 105 90 ● ● 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 日均手机使用时长（小时） 问题 What is the core divergence between the two texts? A.Whether mobile phones can be used as learning tools. 02 ♪批判性阅读（多文本对比） 高考英语新题型解析模板 B.Whether mobile phone use affects students'academic performance. C.Whether the benefits of carrying mobile phones outweigh the drawbacks. D.Whether parents support students carrying mobile phones. 答案：C 解析 观点辨析：文本1强调手机的“学习工具价值”和“沟通功能”（优势）；文本2 强调“分心风险”和“破坏教学秩序”（弊端），核心是对“利弊权衡”的分歧。 跨形式整合：图表显示“适度使用(1小时内)不影响成绩，过度使用(2小时以 上)成绩下降”，但文本1聚焦“合理使用的益处”，文本2聚焦“整体风 险”，未否定工具属性(A错误)，均认可过度使用影响成绩(B错误)，父母支 持非核心讨论点(D错误)。 批判性思维：两者分歧本质是“是否认可合理使用的益处能覆盖潜在风险”，故 选C。 试题2（主题：课后延时服务的有效性) 文本1（支持课后延时服务） After-school care services are effective in promoting students'all-round development.They provide a safe and supervised environment for students whose parents work late,reducing the risk of unsupervised activities.The bar chart shows that 82%of participants complete homework on time,compared to 55%of non- participants.Additionally,the service offers extracurricular activities (such as art and sports)that cultivate students'interests,which traditional classes lack. 文本2（质疑课后延时服务） After-school care services fail to achieve expected results and even burden students. The extended study time leads to fatigue-65%of students report feeling tired after the service,affecting their evening review.The bar chart shows that the academic performance of participants has not improved significantly compared to non- participants.Moreover,the activities are often poorly designed due to limited resources,failing to meet students'needs. 作业按时完成率 平均成绩（分） 115 112 82% 55% 服务参与者 非参与者 问题 Which evidence from the chart weakens Text 2's argument? A.Participants have a higher homework completion rate. B.Participants'average score is slightly higher than non-participants. 04 ♪批判性阅读（多文本对比） 高考英语新题型解析模板> C.Non-participants have a lower homework completion rate. D.The score gap between the two groups is small. 答案：A 解析 批判性思维（削弱论据）：文本2的核心论点“服务无效且burden学生”，关键 论据是“成绩无显著提升”和“学生疲劳”。 跨形式整合：图表显示参与者“作业按时完成率(82%)远高于非参与者 (55%)”，这直接证明服务在“督促学习”上的效果，削弱了“服务无效”的论 点。 逻辑分析：B选项“分数略高”虽有支持，但文本2承认“无显著提升”，削弱 力度弱：C是A的反向表述，核心证据是A:D支持文本2“无显著提升”，故选 A。 试题3（主题：短视频对青少年认知能力的影响） 文本1（短视频损害认知能力） Short videos have a negative impact on teenagers'cognitive abilities.Their short and fragmented content makes it difficult for teenagers to focus on long-term tasks. The table shows that students who watch short videos for more than 3 hours a day score 25%lower in concentration tests.Additionally,short videos rely on fast-paced stimulation,reducing teenagers'patience for deep thinking-60%of teachers report students struggling with complex reading tasks. 文本2（短视频提升认知能力） Short videos can enhance teenagers'cognitive abilities in the digital age.They expose teenagers to diverse knowledge (such as science popularization and cultural content)that expands their horizons.The table shows that students who watch educational short videos for 1-2 hours a day score 15%higher in knowledge breadth tests.Moreover,short videos improve visual processing skills-studies show regular viewers have better quick-response abilities. 短视频日 专注力测试得分 知识广度测试 均使用情况 (满分100) (满分100) 3小时以上 (娱乐为主) 65 70 1-2小时 (教育为主) 88 85 少于1小时 90 75 问题 How do the two texts interpret the chart differently? A.Text 1 focuses on concentration,while Text 2 focuses on knowledge breadth. B.Text 1 ignores educational short videos,while Text 2 ignores entertainment videos. C.Text 1 thinks short videos are useless,while Text 2 thinks they are essential. 06 ♪批判性阅读（多文本对比） 高考英语新题型解析模板> D.Text 1 emphasizes time,while Text 2 emphasizes content. 答案：D 解析 论证逻辑分析：文本1选取“3小时以上（娱乐为主）”数据，强调“使用时长” 与“专注力下降”的关联；文本2选取“1-2小时（教育为主）”数据，强调“内 容类型”与“知识广度提升”的关联。 跨形式整合：图表包含“时长”和“内容”两个变量，文本1聚焦时长（过度使 用的危害)，文本2聚焦内容（优质内容的益处），导致解读差异。 观点辨析：A仅指出关注指标不同，未触及核心差异；B错误，两者未完全忽略对 方数据，而是选择性聚焦；C“无用/essential”表述绝对，排除，故选D。 试题4（主题：素食饮食是否适合青少年） 文本1（素食适合青少年） A vegetarian diet is suitable for teenagers,as it is rich in fiber,vitamins,and plant- based protein.The pie chart shows that vegetarians intake more vitamin C and dietary fiber than non-vegetarians.Additionally,vegetarian diets reduce the risk of obesity-only 8%of vegetarian teenagers are obese,compared to 18%of non- vegetarians.With proper planning,vegetarians can get all necessary nutrients (such as iron and calcium)from beans and leafy greens. 文本2（素食不适合青少年） Vegetarian diets are inappropriate for teenagers,who are in a critical growth period. The pie chart shows that vegetarians have lower iron and protein intake than recommended standards.Iron deficiency can cause anemia,and insufficient protein affects physical development.Moreover,30%of vegetarian teenagers report feeling fatigued during sports,which is linked to nutrient gaps.Teenagers need diverse nutrients that are easier to obtain from meat and dairy. 素食青少年营养摄入占推 非素食青少年营养摄入占 荐值比例 推荐值比例 维生素C 维生素C 维生素C 维生素C 80% 120% 90% 90% 铁 75% 110% 85% 75% 蛋白质 105% 膳食维 800质 膳食纤维 维生素C120% 膳食纤维 ■铁105% ■蛋白质 ■蛋白质80% ■110% 问题 What is the logical flaw in Text 1's argument? A.It ignores the insufficient intake of iron and protein in vegetarians. B.It overestimates the benefits of dietary fiber and vitamin C. C.It fails to provide data on obesity rates. 08 ♪批判性阅读（多文本对比） 高考英语新题型解析模板> D.It confuses "plant-based protein"with "animal protein". 答案：A 解析 批判性思维（识别逻辑漏洞）：文本1的核心论点“素食适合青少年”，论据是 “富含纤维、维生素C,降低肥胖风险”，但图表显示素食青少年“铁(75%)和 蛋白质(80%)摄入不足”。 跨形式整合：文本1未提及铁和蛋白质的摄入缺口，而这两种营养素对青少年生 长至关重要，导致论证不全面，存在逻辑漏洞。 逻辑分析：B错误，图表确实验证了纤维和维生素C的优势，未高估：C错误，文 本1提到了肥胖率数据：D错误，文本1未混淆蛋白质类型，故选A。