2026届高考第一次模拟考试英语练习卷（广东专用）

2026年高考第一次模拟考试（广东卷） 英语 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：120分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A 4 Summer Jobs to Get Paid and Take a Break Camp counsellor (辅导员) Most kids head off to camp during the summertime, and if you’re past the typical age of being a camper, relive your youth by becoming a summer camp counsellor. You can enjoy participating in activities, planning events, and partaking in arts and crafts. It’s one of the best summer jobs because it also builds your leadership skills while you earn extra money. Depending on your schedule, you can work to fit your needs. The average starting pay is $10.50 an hour. Lifeguard Spending time on the water is something many people do during the summer. And if you’re good at swimming, then being a lifeguard is a great option for you. The hours are flexible, and the pay is great, with the average hourly rate at $11.50. Amusement park employee An amusement park is a great place to work during the summertime. There are a variety of positions you can get hired for — from ride operator to food service to booth tender — and the average starting pay is $10 an hour. The hours are flexible and negotiable depending on where you decide to work: the larger the park, the more employees they’ll have, which could mean fewer hours they’ll need you to cover. Dog walker If you’re looking for a relaxing job, being a dog walker could be the right choice for you. Dog walking hours and pay are easily negotiable, as you can simply discuss with the dog’s owner what your availability is, when they need you, and what your pay rate is. Getting some exercise with a furry friend will feel more like a relaxing pastime than a job. And if you wish to continue being a dog walker, it’s the job that’s easiest to keep year-round. 1．What is the benefit of being a camp counsellor? A．It brings back the glory. B．It boosts artistic creativity. C．It develops competence in leadership. D．It is easy to do and well-paid. 2．For which job can the pay be negotiated? A．Camp counsellor. B．Lifeguard. C．Dog walker. D．Amusement park employee. 3．What do the four summer jobs have in common? A．They need full-time employees. B．They need relevant certificates. C．The pay remains unclear. D．The working hours are flexible. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍四种可以赚钱又能休闲的暑期工作及其特点与薪资情况。 1．细节理解题。根据Camp counsellor中的“It’s one of the best summer jobs because it also builds your leadership skills while you earn extra money. (这是最好的暑期工作之一，因为它能让你在赚取额外收入的同时培养领导能力)”可知，担任夏令营辅导员的好处是可以提升领导方面的能力。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据Dog walker中的“If you’re looking for a relaxing job, being a dog walker could be the right choice for you. Dog walking hours and pay are easily negotiable, as you can simply discuss with the dog’s owner what your availability is, when they need you, and what your pay rate is. (如果你正在寻找一份轻松的工作，遛狗可能是你的正确选择。遛狗的时间和报酬很容易协商，因为你可以简单地和狗的主人讨论一下你的时间，他们什么时候需要你，你的报酬是多少) ”可知，遛狗这份工作的报酬可以协商。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据Camp counsellor部分中的“Depending on your schedule, you can work to fit your needs.(根据你的时间表，你可以根据自己的需要来工作)”，Lifeguard部分中的“The hours are flexible, (工作时间很灵活)”，Amusement park employee部分中的“The hours are flexible and negotiable depending on where you decide to work: the larger the park, the more employees they’ll have, which could mean fewer hours they’ll need you to cover.(工作时间是灵活的，可以协商的，这取决于你决定在哪里工作：公园越大，员工越多，这可能意味着他们需要你工作的时间越少)”和Dog walker部分中的“Dog walking hours and pay are easily negotiable, as you can simply discuss with the dog’s owner what your availability is, when they need you, and what your pay rate is.(遛狗的时间和报酬很容易协商，因为你可以简单地和狗的主人讨论一下你的时间，他们什么时候需要你，你的报酬是多少)”可知，每个职位描述都提到了工作时间的灵活性，由此可知，这四份暑期工作的共同点是工作时间灵活。故选D项。 B For a long time, I kept a selection of books on a shelf next to my bed that I called my “heartbooks”. To qualify for a place on the shelf, a book had to be not only one I loved, but one that mattered. There was one book that never made it onto that shelf, though I read it in high school: Writing Down the Bones by Natalie Goldberg. I can still remember the day I bought it. It was summer and I must have been 14 or 15. Desperate to get out of my house, I rode my bike into town and walked into the bookstore. I was going through the shelf of books on writing and it caught my eye. I picked it up, read a few pages, and bought it. Then I took it with me to a park, read the first few chapters, and opened my notebook to write. It’s a fairly straightforward writing book. Goldberg’s method is simple: you choose a topic, set a timer, and write for 10, 15, or 20 minutes without picking up your pen. Free writing, timed writing, writing topics: anyone who has taken a creative writing class may have encountered these things. It’s not earth-shattering. There was nothing particularly new or unusual about the book so I can’t say why it attracted me so much. But it changed everything. I went from being someone who enjoyed writing to being a writer. During my teen years and early twenties, following Goldberg’s method was at the core of my identity. No matter where I was or what I was doing, I filled notebooks. When I eventually started writing fiction, I did the same thing. The “I” in my notebooks became someone else, but I held to the same practice. This writing practice led me to a writing group in Boston. It led me to my current career. It led me, in so many ways, to myself. Becoming a writer allowed me to become so many other things: an activist, a business owner, a farmer, a baker… Writing is where I found my confidence. It was where I became curious about the world. From that, everything else has followed. 4．How did the author encounter Writing Down the Bones? A．By following a selection of “heart books”. B．By referring to a book list about writing. C．By recommendation of Natalie Goldberg. D．By seeking writing books on a bookshelf. 5．What can we infer about Writing Down the Bones? A．It inspired the author to be a writer. B．It was the first novel the author read. C．It made the author start to love writing. D．It is one of the books the author reads most. 6．What is the author’s attitude towards Writing Down the Bones? A．Enthusiastic B．Critical. C．Appreciative D．Skeptical 7．Which of the following is answered by the last paragraph? A．What is the author’s life like right now? B．What did the author do in the writing group? C．How has the writing practice shaped the author? D．Why did the author give up the writing practice? 【答案】4．D 5．A 6．C 7．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了青少年时期偶然发现《Writing Down the Bones》这本书的经历，并详细阐述了这本书所倡导的写作方法如何从根本上改变了自己，使其从“喜欢写作的人”转变为“作家”，并最终塑造了其人生轨迹与多重身份。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I was going through the shelf of books on writing and it caught my eye. I picked it up, read a few pages, and bought it.(我在翻阅书架上关于写作的书时，这本书引起了我的注意。我拿起它，读了几页，就买了下来。)”可知，作者是在书架上自行寻找写作书籍时偶然发现了这本书。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据第三段中“There was nothing particularly new or unusual about the book so I can’t say why it attracted me so much. But it changed everything. I went from being someone who enjoyed writing to being a writer.(这本书并没有什么特别新颖或不同寻常的地方，所以我也说不出为什么它如此吸引我。但它改变了一切。我从一个喜欢写作的人变成了一个作家。)”可知，这本书激励作者从爱好写作的人转变为真正的作家。 故选A。 6．推理判断题。根据第五段中“This writing practice led me to a writing group in Boston. It led me to my current career. It led me, in so many ways, to myself.(这种写作练习让我加入了波士顿的一个写作小组，让我找到了现在的职业，在很多方面，也让我找到了自我)”可知，作者认为这本书带来的写作方法对自己的人生影响深远，字里行间充满感激之情。故选C。 7．主旨大意题。根据第五段中“This writing practice led me to a writing group in Boston. It led me to my current career. It led me, in so many ways, to myself. Becoming a writer allowed me to become so many other things: an activist, a business owner, a farmer, a baker…(这种写作练习让我加入了波士顿的一个写作小组，让我找到了现在的职业，在很多方面，也让我找到了自我。成为一位作家，使我得以成为许多其他角色：一位行动者、一位企业主、一位农夫、一位面包师…… )”可知，最后一段主要阐述了写作练习如何塑造了作者的人生和成长。故选C。 C When 90-year-old William Shatter, an actor who played Captain Kirk returned from space in October 2021, he was overcome with emotion. Standing on the West Texas desert grass after his Blue Origin flight, he called the experience “the most profound I can imagine,” tears streaming down his cheeks. Shatter appeared to be basking in a phenomenon that many professional astronauts have described: the overview effect. These space travelers saw Earth as a gleaming (发光) planet hanging in inky darkness, an oasis (绿洲) of life in the silent, empty space, and it filled them with awe. “No one could be informed well enough to be completely prepared for the astonishing view that I got,” wrote Alan Shepard, the first American in space, after his 1962 trip. Watching the silky clouds below, the continents and the seas, many astronauts have seen their home planet — and humankind’s relationship to it — in a profoundly new light. “It becomes so small and so fragile that the trip will definitely raise our awareness of its protection, and it is such a precious little spot in the universe that provides such a huge population with a place to live,” Russell Rusty Schweitzer, who spent 10 days orbiting Earth on the Apollo 9 mission, said in a 1974 speech. Gene Cernan, one of just a dozen of moon walkers, desperately hoped the rest of humanity could see what he had seen. “If only everyone could relate to the beauty and the purposefulness of it,” he said in 1985. “It wouldn’t bring a utopia (乌托邦) to this planet for people to understand it all, but it might make a difference.” As commercial space travel becomes less expensive and more common, we can test Cernan’s proposition that if enough people experience the overview effect, life back on Earth could be meaningfully improved. But we might also find that a more varied group of travelers describes the experience in different terms than the astronauts who went before them. What will a new generation of voyagers see when they regard their home from space? 8．What does the underlined phrase “basking in” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Absorbed in. B．Curious about. C．Concerned with. D．Skeptical of. 9．What is the “overview effect”? A．A space tool. B．A new spaceship. C．Consideration of all factors. D．Awe for Earth’s glow. 10．What do Schweitzer and Cernan both value? A．Human’s Earth protection efforts. B．Utopian world construction. C．Human-Earth connection awareness. D．Commercial space travel development. 11．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Stars & Sight: Rebuild Our Fragile Home B．Space & Sense: Cherish Our Glowing Globe C．View & Value: Escape Our Small Blue Planet D．Orbit & Outlook: Construct Our Shining World 【答案】8．A 9．D 10．C 11．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了太空旅行中的“总览效应”，以及不同宇航员对此的感受和看法。 8．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Shatter appeared to be basking in a phenomenon that many professional astronauts have described: the overview effect. These space travelers saw Earth as a gleaming (发光) planet hanging in inky darkness, an oasis (绿洲) of life in the silent, empty space, and it filled them with awe.(Shatter似乎basking in许多职业宇航员描述的一种现象中：总览效应。这些太空旅行者把地球看作是一个在墨黑的黑暗中闪闪发光的星球，是寂静、空旷的空间中的生命绿洲，它让他们充满了敬畏。)”可知，Shatter沉浸在许多职业宇航员描述的一种现象中，即“总览效应”，故basking in意思是“沉浸于”。故选A。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Shatter appeared to be basking in a phenomenon that many professional astronauts have described: the overview effect. These space travelers saw Earth as a gleaming (发光) planet hanging in inky darkness, an oasis (绿洲) of life in the silent, empty space, and it filled them with awe.(Shatter似乎沉浸于许多职业宇航员描述的一种现象中：总览效应。这些太空旅行者把地球看作是一个在墨黑的黑暗中闪闪发光的星球，是寂静、空旷的空间中的生命绿洲，它让他们充满了敬畏。)”可知，“总览效应”是对地球发光的敬畏。故选D。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段“Watching the silky clouds below, the continents and the seas, many astronauts have seen their home planet — and humankind’s relationship to it — in a profoundly new light. “It becomes so small and so fragile that the trip will definitely raise our awareness of its protection, and it is such a precious little spot in the universe that provides such a huge population with a place to live,” Russell Rusty Schweitzer, who spent 10 days orbiting Earth on the Apollo 9 mission, said in a 1974 speech.(看着下面丝滑的云朵、大陆和海洋，许多宇航员以一种全新的视角看待他们的家园地球——以及人类与地球的关系。“它变得如此渺小和脆弱，这次旅行肯定会提高我们对保护它的意识，它是宇宙中如此珍贵的一个小点，为如此庞大的人口提供了居住的地方，”曾乘坐阿波罗9号任务绕地球飞行10天的Russell Rusty Schweitzer在1974年的一次演讲中说。)”以及第四段中“Gene Cernan, one of just a dozen of moon walkers, desperately hoped the rest of humanity could see what he had seen. “If only everyone could relate to the beauty and the purposefulness of it,” he said in 1985. “It wouldn’t bring a utopia (乌托邦) to this planet for people to understand it all, but it might make a difference.”(Gene Cernan是仅有的十几位登月者之一，他极度希望其他人也能看到他所看到的。“如果每个人都能理解它的美丽和目的性，”他在1985年说。“让人们理解这一切并不会给这个星球带来乌托邦，但这可能会带来改变。”)”可知，二人都重视人类与地球的联系意识。故选C。 11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段中“Shatter appeared to be basking in a phenomenon that many professional astronauts have described: the overview effect. These space travelers saw Earth as a gleaming (发光) planet hanging in inky darkness, an oasis (绿洲) of life in the silent, empty space, and it filled them with awe.(Shatter似乎沉浸于许多职业宇航员描述的一种现象中：总览效应。这些太空旅行者把地球看作是一个在墨黑的黑暗中闪闪发光的星球，是寂静、空旷的空间中的生命绿洲，它让他们充满了敬畏。)”可知，文章主要讲述了太空旅行中的“总览效应”，以及不同宇航员对此的感受和看法。可知，B选项“Space & Sense: Cherish Our Glowing Globe(太空与感知：珍惜我们发光的地球)”最符合文章标题。故选B。 D Painkillers of all different sorts have long existed in human history, and accessible non-addictive ones like paracetamol (扑热息痛，一种温和镇痛剂和退烧药) represent a major advance in managing the aches and pains that come with being alive. However, over three-quarters of common medicines are obtained from fossil fuels, making the pharmaceutical (制药的) industry environmentally unfriendly. Fortunately, researchers from the University of Edinburgh in Scotland have released a study in Nature Chemistry, revealing a method for turning plastics into paracetamol in less than 24 hours. According to the study, the primary ingredient used to make the paracetamol is polyethylene terephthalate, also known as PET, a lightweight plastic widely used in packaging and water bottles that generates. over 350 million tons of waste annually, most ending up in landfills or oceans. The conversion from PET into useful materials employs fermentation (发酵) principles similar to beer-making. Specifically, this process uses phosphate found in bacterial cells to convert terephithane acid — which is abstracted from the breakdown of PET — into para-aminobenoic acid which is then genetically engineered into paracetamol. This new method of producing paracetamol is exceptionally eco-friendly: it operates at room temperature, produces nearly zero carbon emissions, and converts about 90% of PET into medicine with minimal waste. “This work. demonstrates that PET isn’t just waste — it can be transformed by microorganisms into valuable new products, including those with potential for treating disease,” Professor Stephen Wallace noted. While plastic waste remains a pressing issue, this is a step in the right direction, and highlights the fact that plastics have the potential to be reused in a wide variety of creative ways. It is clear that solving the climate crisis will take a lot of ingenuity and creativity. And though it seems like just a drop in the bucket, the University of Edinburgh’s discovery could be the first in a string of discoveries that focus on learning how to transform plastic into products that can help humanity, as opposed to harming the earth. 12．What makes the pharmaceutical industry not environmentally friendly? A．Paracetamol production causes much plastic waste. B．The production of paracetamol emits much carbon. C．Microorganisms are often used in medicine production. D．A majority of medicines come from non-renewable sources. 13．Why does the author mention beer-making in paragraph 3? A．To better explain the fermentation principles. B．To show the complexity of the new method. C．To compare two industrial production processes. D．To introduce a material used in paracetamol production. 14．What can we learn about the new method from paragraph 4? A．It usually requires rather high temperature to work. B．It achieves high transformation rate with little waste. C．It is the first eco-friendly way for paracetamol production. D．It can transform various types of plastic waste into medicines. 15．What is the function of the last paragraph in the passage? A．To summarize the advantages of the new method. B．To introduce other creative ways of reusing plastics. C．To expect a future of plastic reuse for human benefit. D．To emphasize the urgency of solving global climate crisis. 【答案】12．D 13．A 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了爱丁堡大学研究人员在《自然·化学》期刊上发表的一项研究，该研究揭示了一种在不到24小时内将塑料（特别是广泛使用的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯PET）转化为扑热息痛的方法。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段“However, over three-quarters of common medicines are obtained from fossil fuels, making the pharmaceutical (制药的) industry environmentally unfriendly.(然而，超过四分之三的常用药物是从化石燃料中获得的，这使得制药业对环境不友好。)”可知，让制药行业不环保的是大多数药品来自不可再生资源。故选D。 13．推理判断题。根据第三段“The conversion from PET into useful materials employs fermentation (发酵) principles similar to beer-making. Specifically, this process uses phosphate found in bacterial cells to convert terephithane acid — which is abstracted from the breakdown of PET — into para-aminobenoic acid which is then genetically engineered into paracetamol.(将聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET）转化为有用材料的过程，采用了与酿造啤酒类似的发酵原理。具体而言，该过程利用细菌细胞中的磷酸盐，将对苯二甲酸（由PET分解提取而来）转化为对氨基苯甲酸，随后再通过基因工程将对氨基苯甲酸转化为对乙酰氨基酚（即扑热息痛）。)”可知，作者在第三段提到了酿造啤酒是为了更好地解释发酵原理。故选A。 14．细节理解题。根据第四段“This new method of producing paracetamol is exceptionally eco-friendly: it operates at room temperature, produces nearly zero carbon emissions, and converts about 90% of PET into medicine with minimal waste.(这种生产对乙酰氨基酚（扑热息痛）的新方法极其环保：它在室温下即可进行，几乎不产生碳排放，且能将约90%的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET）转化为药品，产生的废物极少。)”可知，从第4段我们可以了解到新方法转化率高，浪费少。故选B。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It is clear that solving the climate crisis will take a lot of ingenuity and creativity. And though it seems like just a drop in the bucket, the University of Edinburgh’s discovery could be the first in a string of discoveries that focus on learning how to transform plastic into products that can help humanity, as opposed to harming the earth.(显然，解决气候危机需要大量的智慧与创造力。尽管爱丁堡大学的这一发现看似只是沧海一粟，但它可能是一系列重大发现中的首个成果——这些发现聚焦于探索如何将塑料转化为造福人类、而非危害地球的产品。)”可知，最后一段是在展望一个以造福人类为目的的塑料再利用未来。故选C。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Positive emotions don’t just feel good—they’re good for you. Research shows that people feel and do their best when they experience at least three times as many positive emotions as negative ones. Here are some ways to increase positive emotions in everyday life. 16 Make a list. Add new emotions as you notice them. You also can look over your list of emotions at the end of the day and write down when you felt different positive emotions. Did you feel proud after playing well on the soccer field? 17 Tracking these positive emotions helps us be more aware of the positive feelings we already experience, and the situations or activities that bring them. Identify a positive emotion you want to increase. 18 Think of situations or activities you’ve experienced that made you aware of your joy. Write down as many as you can. Focus on small, simple things, like a song that makes you feel joyful whenever you hear it. Any time you notice you’ re feeling joyful, consider adding that situation or activity to your list. Sometimes we forget the way back to feeling positive. We might need a reminder that can lead us back to a happier emotional place. 19 A positivity box is a collection of reminders of positive experiences we’ve had. These reminders bring back the feelings associated with the good moments in our lives, our strengths, joys and accomplishments, the fun we’ve had, the books or music that have meaning for us, the people who are important to us. 20 A．It’s a positivity “treasure chest”. B．Let’s say you want to feel more joy. C．Happy to see a film with your best friend? D．That’s when a positivity box is really helpful. E．Happy when your friends remembered your birthday? F．Collect things that remind you of positive emotional moments. G．Name the positive emotions you’ve experienced in your daily life. 【答案】16．G 17．E 18．B 19．D 20．A 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何让自己经常保持积极的心态。 16．根据文章段落结构可知，此空是这一段的主题句。根据下文“Make a list. Add new emotions as you notice them.”列一张表，当你注意到的时候再加上新的情绪，可知，本段主要讲述要列举出你经历过的愉快情绪。G选项“Name the positive emotions you’ve experienced in your daily life”说出你在日常生活中经历过的积极情绪，符合语境。故选G项。 17．根据上句“Did you feel proud after playing well on the soccer field?”在足球场上踢出好球之后你感到骄傲吗？可知，此处应该用疑问句的形式列举你经历过的愉快时刻。E选项“Happy when your friends remembered your birthday?”当你的朋友记住了你的生日，你会感到高兴吗？上下文一致。故选E项。 18．根据下文“Think of situations or activities you’ve experienced that made you aware of your joy.”想一下你曾经经历过的让你感到高兴的场合和活动，可知，下文讲述的是有关“joy”的话题。所以，B选项“Let’s say you want to feel more joy.”假设你想要感受到更多的快乐，与下文意思衔接。故选B项。 19．根据下句中“A positivity box is a collection of reminders of positive experiences we’ve had.”积极情绪箱是提醒你曾经有过的积极的经历，可知，D选项“That’s when a positivity box is really helpful.”这时积极情绪箱就很有用了，正好起到引出话题的作用。故选D项。 20．段尾句对上文有总结归纳的作用，本段描述“positivity box”的使用方法，空格的上句列举了各种愉快的事件或时刻，所以A选项“It’s a positivity “treasure chest”.”积极情绪箱是一个积极的“宝箱”是对上句的归纳和总结。故选A项。 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Making predictions hinders (妨碍) the brain’s ability to remember the present moment, new research suggests. The hippocampus, a brain structure usually 21 with remembering events, also uses experiences to make forecasts (neuroscientists call this “statistical learning”). 22 scientists writing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA have now demonstrated that the latter function can disrupt (扰乱) the former. Researchers showed participants a series of photographs on a screen without telling them that some image categories always 23 others: mountains always came immediately after beaches, for example. The subjects were intended to 24 learn these associations and begin to expect these pairings. Later, the participants were shown the same photos again, mixed in with new examples, and were asked if they had 25 any of them before. They accurately recalled seeing 26 images at a much better rate than the “predictive” ones (like the beach pictures). The scientists repeated this process while scanning participants’ brains with functional MRI. Each image category prompted a distinct neural activity pattern, and the 27 for “predictable” categories were seen in the hippocampus when the corresponding predictive category was displayed. 28 , this effect’s strength in fMRI corresponded inversely (相反地) with participants’ memory task scores. “The more evidence for prediction we saw, the 29 their memory was for those predictive items,” such as a particular beach scene, says study lead author and Yale University cognitive neuroscientist Brynn Sherman. This suggests that predictive images triggered the hippocampus to shift gears toward 30 and away from encoding a new memory. The study is among the first to demonstrate how making predictions 31 human memory. Scientists previously suspected that the hippocampus had a role in statistical learning but had not known how it 32 with memory formation. “This paper is a really nice demonstration of the 33 where the hippocampus is doing both these things,” says University of Virginia cognitive neuroscientist Nicole Long, who was not involved in the research. The team says this trade-off occurs because remembering and predicting both use some of the same 34 pathways. In the paper, the authors compare it with “using one’s right foot to operate both the brake and gas pedals in a car but not both at the same time.” This setup could prevent memory redundancies and thus 35 brainpower, Sherman says: a successful prediction would contain the same information as an actual outcome. The brain circuitry (电路) that makes all this possible still requires further research, Long says. For instance, she wonders how much repetition is needed before the hippocampus shifts from recording to predicting and whether it is possible to train the structure to improve both modes in tandem. 21．A．consisted B．interfered C．involved D．associated 22．A．Therefore B．But C．Moreover D．While 23．A．resembled B．followed C．paralleled D．mirrored 24．A．consequently B．voluntarily C．subconsciously D．gradually 25．A．sought B．spotted C．enlightened D．witnessed 26．A．random B．previous C．supernatural D．magical 27．A．memories B．messages C．images D．patterns 28．A．Meanwhile B．Likewise C．Moreover D．Still 29．A．better B．more C．worse D．shorter 30．A．forgetfulness B．prevention C．prediction D．intention 31．A．relates B．enhances C．strengthens D．affects 32．A．interacts B．deals C．originates D．experiments 33．A．compromise B．relationship C．approach D．performance 34．A．systematical B．biological C．intellectual D．emotional 35．A．observe B．preserve C．reserve D．conserve 【答案】 21．D 22．B 23．B 24．C 25．B 26．A 27．D 28．C 29．C 30．C 31．D 32．A 33．A 34．B 35．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了新的研究表明，做出预测会阻碍大脑记住当下时刻的能力。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：海马体是一种通常与记忆事件相关的大脑结构，它也利用经验来做出预测(神经科学家称之为“统计学习”)。A. consisted包括；B. interfered干涉；C. involved参与；D. associated与……相关。根据下文“with remembering events”可知，此处表示海马体是一种通常与记忆事件相关的大脑结构。故选D。 22．考查副词和连词词义辨析。句意：但科学家们在《美国国家科学院院刊》上发表的文章现在已经证明，后者的功能可以破坏前者。A. Therefore因此；B. But但是；C. Moreover此外；D. While当……时。根据上文“The hippocampus, a brain structure usually  ____1____  with remembering events, also uses experiences to make forecasts”以及下文“scientists writing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA have now demonstrated that the latter function can disrupt (扰乱) the former.”可知，上下文之间为转折关系，空处应用连词But，表示“但是”。故选B。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员在屏幕上向参与者展示了一系列照片，但没有告诉他们某些图像类别总是紧随其后：例如，山脉总是紧随海滩之后。A. resembled类似于；B. followed跟随；C. paralleled与…相似；D. mirrored反射。根据下文“mountains always came immediately after beaches, for example”可知，此处表示某些图像类别总是紧随其他类别。故选B。 24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：目的是实验对象下意识地学习这些关联，并开始期待这些配对。A. consequently因此；B. voluntarily自愿地；C. subconsciously下意识地；D. gradually逐渐地。根据下文“learn these associations and begin to expect these pairings.”可知，此处表示实验对象下意识地学习这些关联，开始期待这些配对。故选C。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：稍后，研究人员又向参与者展示了同样的照片，并将其中的新照片混在一起，并问他们以前是否见过这些照片。A. sought寻找；B. spotted看到；C. enlightened启发；D. witnessed见证。根据下文“They accurately recalled seeing  ____6____  images at a much better rate than the “predictive” ones (like the beach pictures).”可知，此处表示他们被询问以前是否见过这些照片。故选B。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们准确地回忆起看到的随机图像比“预测性”图像(比如海滩图片)要快得多。A. random随机的；B. previous之前的；C. supernatural超自然的；D. magical神奇的。根据下文“images at a much better rate than the “predictive” ones (like the beach pictures).”以及语境可知，此处表示随机图像与“预测性”图像进行比较。故选A。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每种图像类别都会提示一种不同的神经活动模式，当显示相应的预测类别时，在海马体中可以看到“可预测”类别的模式。A. memories记忆；B. messages信息；C. images图像；D. patterns模式。根据上文“Each image category prompted a distinct neural activity pattern”可知，此处表示“可预测”类别的模式。故选D。 28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，fMRI中这种效应的强度与参与者的记忆任务得分呈负相关。A. Meanwhile同时；B. Likewise同样地；C. Moreover此外；D. Still仍然。根据下文“this effect’s strength in MRI corresponded inversely (相反地) with participants’ memory task scores.”以及语境可知，此处表示和上文并列的另一个现象，空处应用Moreover，表示“此外”。故选C。 29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们看到的预测证据越多，他们对预测场景比如某个海滩的记忆力就越差。A. better更好的；B. more更多的；C. worse更差的；D. shorter更短的。根据上文“this effect’s strength in fMRI corresponded inversely (相反地) with participants’ memory task scores.”以及“The more evidence for prediction we saw,”可知，fMRI中这种效应的强度与参与者的记忆任务得分呈负相关，所以看到的预测证据越多，对预测场景的记忆力就越差。故选C。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这表明预测图像触发了海马体，使其转向预测——而不是编码新的记忆。A. forgetfulness健忘；B. prevention阻止；C. prediction预测；D. intention意图。根据下文“and away from encoding a new memory.”以及语境可知，此处表示预测图像触发了海马体，使其转向预测。故选C。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项研究是首批证明预测如何影响人类记忆的研究之一。A. relates与……相关；B. enhances增强；C. strengthens增强；D. affects影响。根据上文“This suggests that predictive images triggered the hippocampus to shift gears toward  ____10____  and away from encoding a new memory.”可知，这项研究证明了预测如何影响人类记忆。故选D。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家先前怀疑海马体在统计学习中起作用，但尚不清楚它是如何与记忆相互作用的。A. interacts相互作用；B. deals处理；C. originates起源；D. experiments做实验。根据上文“The study is among the first to demonstrate how making predictions  ____11____  human memory.”可知，此处表示科学家尚不清楚海马体与记忆如何相互作用。故选A。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这篇论文很好地证明了海马体同时在做这两件事时的折中。A. compromise妥协，折中；B. relationship关系；C. approach方法；D. performance表演。根据下文“The team says this trade-off occurs because remembering and predicting both use some of the same  ____14____  pathways.”可知，此处表示海马体同时在做这两件事时的折中。故选A。 34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该团队表示，之所以会出现这种权衡，是因为记忆和预测都使用了相同的生物途径。A. systematical系统的；B. biological生物的；C. intellectual智力的；D. emotional情绪的。根据上文“This paper is a really nice demonstration of the  ____13____  where the hippocampus is doing both these things,”可知，海马体同时完成记忆和预测，所以此处表示使用了相同的生物途径。故选B。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sherman说，这种设置可以防止记忆冗余，从而节省脑力：成功的预测将包含与实际结果相同的信息。A. observe观察；B. preserve保存；C. reserve预订（座位等）；D. conserve节省。根据上文“This setup could prevent memory redundancies and thus”可知，此处表示这种设置可以防止记忆冗余，从而节省脑力。故选D。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。 Blind boxes have been popular with people for decades. Even though they were 36 (initial) created in Japan, they have recently been commercially 37 (success) in the United States and other parts of the world. It is a box or bag 38 (contain) a random assortment(各种各样的) of novelty items. Some have a series of objects including various entertainment mediums created by companies such as Funko. Blind boxes 39 (wrap) so that the items inside the box are unknown 40 the consumer or buyer of the products. The term “blind box” or “blind bag” comes from the fact that the object contained in the box or bag is 41 very mysterious thing. The only indication gotten by the box’s consumer is the media from 42 the item originates and the object they might receive from that particular series. Blind boxes work by taking advantage of their uncertainty. As a result, they stimulate the consumers 43 (make) purchases in quest of rare products. Most consumers tend to purchase these boxes to increase the 44 (probable) of getting their desired gadgets(小玩意). In addition, opening the box to discover which item is in it makes for a sharable experience on different social media 45 (platform) such as Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube. 【答案】 36．initially 37．successful 38．containing 39．are wrapped 40．to 41．a 42．which 43．to make 44．probability 45．platforms 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了盲盒的起源以及成功的秘诀。 36．考查副词。句意：尽管它们最初是在日本发明的，但最近在美国和世界其他地方取得了商业上的成功。修饰动词create用副词形式。故填initially。 37．考查形容词。句意：尽管它们最初是在日本发明的，但最近在美国和世界其他地方取得了商业上的成功。形容词担当本句表语。故填successful。 38．考查非谓语动词。句意：它是一个盒子或袋子，里面随机排列着各种新奇的物品。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词。名词box or bag与contain之间存在主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语。故填containing。 39．考查时态和语态。句意：盲盒的包装是为了使盒内的物品不为消费者或产品的购买者所知。根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为blind boxes，复数，和动词wrap之间存在被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填are wrapped。 40．考查介词。句意：盲盒的包装是为了使盒内的物品不为消费者或产品的购买者所知。固定搭配：be unknown to sb.，意为：不为……所知。故填to。 41．考查冠词。句意：“盲盒”或“盲袋”一词源于盒子或袋子里装的东西是非常神秘的东西。修饰可数名词单数，泛指，用不定冠词；very发音为辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 42．考查定语从句。句意：盒子的消费者获得的唯一指示是项目源自的媒体和他们可能从特定系列接收的对象。句中先行词为the media，出现在介词from之后，担当宾语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 43．考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，它们刺激消费者购买稀有产品。非谓语动词表目的，用不定式。故填to make。 44．考查名词。句意：大多数消费者倾向于购买这些盒子，以增加获得他们想要的设备的可能性。根据空前的定冠词the可知，空处为名词形式。故填probability。 45．考查名词的数。句意：此外，打开盒子看看里面装的是什么东西，可以在Facebook、Instagram和YouTube等不同的社交媒体平台上分享体验。根据下文的“Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube”可知，不止一个社交媒体平台，所以用名词的复数。故填platforms。 第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46．假定你是李华，你校将举办一场关于如何提高英语听力的讲座。你很想参加，请给负责该活动的Dave写一封电子邮件，咨询相关事宜。内容包括： 1. 讲座的具体时间和地点； 2. 具体内容； 3. 注意事项等。 注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Dear Dave, I am Li Hua, a student at our school. I learned that there will be a lecture on improving English listening skills, which I am very interested in attending. Could you please provide me with the specific time and location of the lecture? Additionally, I would like to know if there are any materials or preparations required beforehand. Thank you for organizing this event, and I appreciate your help in providing these details. I look forward to your reply. Best regards, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求学生以李华的身份，给负责关于如何提高英语听力的讲座的Dave写一封电子邮件，咨询相关事宜，需问询讲座的时间和地点、内容和注意事项等信息。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 提高：improve→sharpen, enhance 参与，参加：attend→participate in 提供：provide→offer, present 提前：beforehand→in advance, ahead of time 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Could you please provide me with the specific time and location of the lecture? 拓展句：I was wondering if you could provide me with the specific time and location of the lecture. 【点睛】[高分句型1] I learned that there will be a lecture on improving English listening skills, which I am very interested in attending. (运用了that引导宾语从句、which引导非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] Additionally, I would like to know if there are any materials or preparations required beforehand. (运用了if引导宾语从句) 第二节（满分25分） 47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mira and Kael were adventurous siblings who loved exploring nature and always supported each other through every challenge. For days, they had been preparing for a weekend hike in the mountains. It all started with a map Kael found in an old hiking magazine at the library. Tucked between pages about mountain trails was an old photo of a lake so blue it looked unreal — “Hidden Eagle Lake,” it said, “almost no one knows how to get there.” That was all he needed. “Mira, we have to go!” he said, bursting into her room. For days, they studied printouts, packing and repacking their bags, checking lists again and again. Their parents weren’t thrilled, but finally agreed: one night, just the two of them, deep in the Pine Ridge Mountains. On a foggy Sunday morning, backpacks heavy on their shoulders, they left the last road behind and began climbing. The trail was steeper than expected, roots snaking across the path, fog wrapping the trees like smoke. But when they finally broke through the treeline, there it was — the lake, glowing under the clearing sky, surrounded by cliffs and silence. No footprints. No signs. Just wild, untouched beauty. They dropped their packs with a laugh, quickly set up the tent, and lit a fire. As soup warmed over the flames, they sat close, swapping stories from past trips, feeling like real explorers. For a moment, everything seemed perfect. Then Kael saw it — a dark gap beneath some thick vines, half-hidden by the rocks. “Look! A cave!” he said, eyes wide. Mira hesitated — it looked damp... maybe dangerous. But curiosity won. “Okay,” she said, “but just a quick look.” Big mistake. Inside, the air turned cold. The narrow tunnel opened into a wider space, water dripping from sharp rocks above. Kael stepped forward — and the ground gave way beneath him. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Mira’s heart sank, but she forced herself to stay calm. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Kael took a deep breath, grabbing the rope with one hand. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】    Mira’s heart sank, but she forced herself to stay calm. “Kael! Can you hear me?” she called out, her voice trembling slightly. She leaned over the edge, and relief washed over her when she heard Kael’s faint reply. “I’m okay, just a little bruised.” Mira quickly rummaged through her backpack and found the climbing rope they’d packed. She tied one end securely to a sturdy rock above the cave entrance and lowered the other end down. “Hold on tight, I’ll get you out,” she said firmly.     Kael took a deep breath, grabbing the rope with one hand. Mira pulled with all her strength, her muscles straining. Step by step, Kael climbed up, and when he finally reached the top, they collapsed into each other’s arms, tears of relief streaming down their faces. That night, as they sat by the fire again, the lake still shimmering in the distance, they knew their adventure had taken a scary turn, but their bond had only grown stronger. They decided to leave the cave unexplored and cherish the beauty of Hidden Eagle Lake, vowing to always put safety first on their future adventures. 【导语】本文以寻找Hidden Eagle Lake的探险经历为线索展开，讲述了Mira和Kael兄妹二人探索神秘湖泊，在洞穴遇险后依靠彼此获救，最终领悟探险与安全平衡之道的故事。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“Mira的心一沉，但她强迫自己保持冷静”可知，第一段可描写Mira发现Kael遇险后，强作镇定，利用绳索展开救援的过程。 ②由第二段首句内容“Kael深吸一口气，一手抓住绳子”可知，第二段可描写Kael借助绳索攀爬获救，兄妹二人经历此次事件后对探险和安全的感悟，以及对未来冒险的规划。 2. 续写线索： Mira镇定救援——Kael借力攀爬——兄妹相拥释压——领悟探险真谛——规划未来冒险 3.词汇激活 行为类 ① 搜寻：rummage through/search through/dig through ② 紧紧抓住：hold on tight/clutch tightly/hang on firmly ③ 决定：decide to do/ determine to do 情绪类 ①她的声音微微颤抖：her voice tremble slightly/a subtle shiver run through her voice ② 如释重负的泪水从他们的脸上流下来：tears of relief stream down their faces/Tears brimming with relief roll down their cheeks 【点睛】【高分句型1】Mira quickly rummaged through her backpack and found the climbing rope they’d packed. (运用了省略that/which的定语从句) 【高分句型2】That night, as they sat by the fire again, the lake still shimmering in the distance, they knew their adventure had taken a scary turn, but their bond had only grown stronger. (运用了as引导的时间状语从句，独立主格结构和省略that的宾语从句) 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年高考第一次模拟考试（广东卷） 英语 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：120分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A 4 Summer Jobs to Get Paid and Take a Break Camp counsellor (辅导员) Most kids head off to camp during the summertime, and if you’re past the typical age of being a camper, relive your youth by becoming a summer camp counsellor. You can enjoy participating in activities, planning events, and partaking in arts and crafts. It’s one of the best summer jobs because it also builds your leadership skills while you earn extra money. Depending on your schedule, you can work to fit your needs. The average starting pay is $10.50 an hour. Lifeguard Spending time on the water is something many people do during the summer. And if you’re good at swimming, then being a lifeguard is a great option for you. The hours are flexible, and the pay is great, with the average hourly rate at $11.50. Amusement park employee An amusement park is a great place to work during the summertime. There are a variety of positions you can get hired for — from ride operator to food service to booth tender — and the average starting pay is $10 an hour. The hours are flexible and negotiable depending on where you decide to work: the larger the park, the more employees they’ll have, which could mean fewer hours they’ll need you to cover. Dog walker If you’re looking for a relaxing job, being a dog walker could be the right choice for you. Dog walking hours and pay are easily negotiable, as you can simply discuss with the dog’s owner what your availability is, when they need you, and what your pay rate is. Getting some exercise with a furry friend will feel more like a relaxing pastime than a job. And if you wish to continue being a dog walker, it’s the job that’s easiest to keep year-round. 1．What is the benefit of being a camp counsellor? A．It brings back the glory. B．It boosts artistic creativity. C．It develops competence in leadership. D．It is easy to do and well-paid. 2．For which job can the pay be negotiated? A．Camp counsellor. B．Lifeguard. C．Dog walker. D．Amusement park employee. 3．What do the four summer jobs have in common? A．They need full-time employees. B．They need relevant certificates. C．The pay remains unclear. D．The working hours are flexible. B For a long time, I kept a selection of books on a shelf next to my bed that I called my “heartbooks”. To qualify for a place on the shelf, a book had to be not only one I loved, but one that mattered. There was one book that never made it onto that shelf, though I read it in high school: Writing Down the Bones by Natalie Goldberg. I can still remember the day I bought it. It was summer and I must have been 14 or 15. Desperate to get out of my house, I rode my bike into town and walked into the bookstore. I was going through the shelf of books on writing and it caught my eye. I picked it up, read a few pages, and bought it. Then I took it with me to a park, read the first few chapters, and opened my notebook to write. It’s a fairly straightforward writing book. Goldberg’s method is simple: you choose a topic, set a timer, and write for 10, 15, or 20 minutes without picking up your pen. Free writing, timed writing, writing topics: anyone who has taken a creative writing class may have encountered these things. It’s not earth-shattering. There was nothing particularly new or unusual about the book so I can’t say why it attracted me so much. But it changed everything. I went from being someone who enjoyed writing to being a writer. During my teen years and early twenties, following Goldberg’s method was at the core of my identity. No matter where I was or what I was doing, I filled notebooks. When I eventually started writing fiction, I did the same thing. The “I” in my notebooks became someone else, but I held to the same practice. This writing practice led me to a writing group in Boston. It led me to my current career. It led me, in so many ways, to myself. Becoming a writer allowed me to become so many other things: an activist, a business owner, a farmer, a baker… Writing is where I found my confidence. It was where I became curious about the world. From that, everything else has followed. 4．How did the author encounter Writing Down the Bones? A．By following a selection of “heart books”. B．By referring to a book list about writing. C．By recommendation of Natalie Goldberg. D．By seeking writing books on a bookshelf. 5．What can we infer about Writing Down the Bones? A．It inspired the author to be a writer. B．It was the first novel the author read. C．It made the author start to love writing. D．It is one of the books the author reads most. 6．What is the author’s attitude towards Writing Down the Bones? A．Enthusiastic B．Critical. C．Appreciative D．Skeptical 7．Which of the following is answered by the last paragraph? A．What is the author’s life like right now? B．What did the author do in the writing group? C．How has the writing practice shaped the author? D．Why did the author give up the writing practice? C When 90-year-old William Shatter, an actor who played Captain Kirk returned from space in October 2021, he was overcome with emotion. Standing on the West Texas desert grass after his Blue Origin flight, he called the experience “the most profound I can imagine,” tears streaming down his cheeks. Shatter appeared to be basking in a phenomenon that many professional astronauts have described: the overview effect. These space travelers saw Earth as a gleaming (发光) planet hanging in inky darkness, an oasis (绿洲) of life in the silent, empty space, and it filled them with awe. “No one could be informed well enough to be completely prepared for the astonishing view that I got,” wrote Alan Shepard, the first American in space, after his 1962 trip. Watching the silky clouds below, the continents and the seas, many astronauts have seen their home planet — and humankind’s relationship to it — in a profoundly new light. “It becomes so small and so fragile that the trip will definitely raise our awareness of its protection, and it is such a precious little spot in the universe that provides such a huge population with a place to live,” Russell Rusty Schweitzer, who spent 10 days orbiting Earth on the Apollo 9 mission, said in a 1974 speech. Gene Cernan, one of just a dozen of moon walkers, desperately hoped the rest of humanity could see what he had seen. “If only everyone could relate to the beauty and the purposefulness of it,” he said in 1985. “It wouldn’t bring a utopia (乌托邦) to this planet for people to understand it all, but it might make a difference.” As commercial space travel becomes less expensive and more common, we can test Cernan’s proposition that if enough people experience the overview effect, life back on Earth could be meaningfully improved. But we might also find that a more varied group of travelers describes the experience in different terms than the astronauts who went before them. What will a new generation of voyagers see when they regard their home from space? 8．What does the underlined phrase “basking in” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Absorbed in. B．Curious about. C．Concerned with. D．Skeptical of. 9．What is the “overview effect”? A．A space tool. B．A new spaceship. C．Consideration of all factors. D．Awe for Earth’s glow. 10．What do Schweitzer and Cernan both value? A．Human’s Earth protection efforts. B．Utopian world construction. C．Human-Earth connection awareness. D．Commercial space travel development. 11．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Stars & Sight: Rebuild Our Fragile Home B．Space & Sense: Cherish Our Glowing Globe C．View & Value: Escape Our Small Blue Planet D．Orbit & Outlook: Construct Our Shining World D Painkillers of all different sorts have long existed in human history, and accessible non-addictive ones like paracetamol (扑热息痛，一种温和镇痛剂和退烧药) represent a major advance in managing the aches and pains that come with being alive. However, over three-quarters of common medicines are obtained from fossil fuels, making the pharmaceutical (制药的) industry environmentally unfriendly. Fortunately, researchers from the University of Edinburgh in Scotland have released a study in Nature Chemistry, revealing a method for turning plastics into paracetamol in less than 24 hours. According to the study, the primary ingredient used to make the paracetamol is polyethylene terephthalate, also known as PET, a lightweight plastic widely used in packaging and water bottles that generates. over 350 million tons of waste annually, most ending up in landfills or oceans. The conversion from PET into useful materials employs fermentation (发酵) principles similar to beer-making. Specifically, this process uses phosphate found in bacterial cells to convert terephithane acid — which is abstracted from the breakdown of PET — into para-aminobenoic acid which is then genetically engineered into paracetamol. This new method of producing paracetamol is exceptionally eco-friendly: it operates at room temperature, produces nearly zero carbon emissions, and converts about 90% of PET into medicine with minimal waste. “This work. demonstrates that PET isn’t just waste — it can be transformed by microorganisms into valuable new products, including those with potential for treating disease,” Professor Stephen Wallace noted. While plastic waste remains a pressing issue, this is a step in the right direction, and highlights the fact that plastics have the potential to be reused in a wide variety of creative ways. It is clear that solving the climate crisis will take a lot of ingenuity and creativity. And though it seems like just a drop in the bucket, the University of Edinburgh’s discovery could be the first in a string of discoveries that focus on learning how to transform plastic into products that can help humanity, as opposed to harming the earth. 12．What makes the pharmaceutical industry not environmentally friendly? A．Paracetamol production causes much plastic waste. B．The production of paracetamol emits much carbon. C．Microorganisms are often used in medicine production. D．A majority of medicines come from non-renewable sources. 13．Why does the author mention beer-making in paragraph 3? A．To better explain the fermentation principles. B．To show the complexity of the new method. C．To compare two industrial production processes. D．To introduce a material used in paracetamol production. 14．What can we learn about the new method from paragraph 4? A．It usually requires rather high temperature to work. B．It achieves high transformation rate with little waste. C．It is the first eco-friendly way for paracetamol production. D．It can transform various types of plastic waste into medicines. 15．What is the function of the last paragraph in the passage? A．To summarize the advantages of the new method. B．To introduce other creative ways of reusing plastics. C．To expect a future of plastic reuse for human benefit. D．To emphasize the urgency of solving global climate crisis. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Positive emotions don’t just feel good—they’re good for you. Research shows that people feel and do their best when they experience at least three times as many positive emotions as negative ones. Here are some ways to increase positive emotions in everyday life. 16 Make a list. Add new emotions as you notice them. You also can look over your list of emotions at the end of the day and write down when you felt different positive emotions. Did you feel proud after playing well on the soccer field? 17 Tracking these positive emotions helps us be more aware of the positive feelings we already experience, and the situations or activities that bring them. Identify a positive emotion you want to increase. 18 Think of situations or activities you’ve experienced that made you aware of your joy. Write down as many as you can. Focus on small, simple things, like a song that makes you feel joyful whenever you hear it. Any time you notice you’ re feeling joyful, consider adding that situation or activity to your list. Sometimes we forget the way back to feeling positive. We might need a reminder that can lead us back to a happier emotional place. 19 A positivity box is a collection of reminders of positive experiences we’ve had. These reminders bring back the feelings associated with the good moments in our lives, our strengths, joys and accomplishments, the fun we’ve had, the books or music that have meaning for us, the people who are important to us. 20 A．It’s a positivity “treasure chest”. B．Let’s say you want to feel more joy. C．Happy to see a film with your best friend? D．That’s when a positivity box is really helpful. E．Happy when your friends remembered your birthday? F．Collect things that remind you of positive emotional moments. G．Name the positive emotions you’ve experienced in your daily life. 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Making predictions hinders (妨碍) the brain’s ability to remember the present moment, new research suggests. The hippocampus, a brain structure usually 21 with remembering events, also uses experiences to make forecasts (neuroscientists call this “statistical learning”). 22 scientists writing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA have now demonstrated that the latter function can disrupt (扰乱) the former. Researchers showed participants a series of photographs on a screen without telling them that some image categories always 23 others: mountains always came immediately after beaches, for example. The subjects were intended to 24 learn these associations and begin to expect these pairings. Later, the participants were shown the same photos again, mixed in with new examples, and were asked if they had 25 any of them before. They accurately recalled seeing 26 images at a much better rate than the “predictive” ones (like the beach pictures). The scientists repeated this process while scanning participants’ brains with functional MRI. Each image category prompted a distinct neural activity pattern, and the 27 for “predictable” categories were seen in the hippocampus when the corresponding predictive category was displayed. 28 , this effect’s strength in fMRI corresponded inversely (相反地) with participants’ memory task scores. “The more evidence for prediction we saw, the 29 their memory was for those predictive items,” such as a particular beach scene, says study lead author and Yale University cognitive neuroscientist Brynn Sherman. This suggests that predictive images triggered the hippocampus to shift gears toward 30 and away from encoding a new memory. The study is among the first to demonstrate how making predictions 31 human memory. Scientists previously suspected that the hippocampus had a role in statistical learning but had not known how it 32 with memory formation. “This paper is a really nice demonstration of the 33 where the hippocampus is doing both these things,” says University of Virginia cognitive neuroscientist Nicole Long, who was not involved in the research. The team says this trade-off occurs because remembering and predicting both use some of the same 34 pathways. In the paper, the authors compare it with “using one’s right foot to operate both the brake and gas pedals in a car but not both at the same time.” This setup could prevent memory redundancies and thus 35 brainpower, Sherman says: a successful prediction would contain the same information as an actual outcome. The brain circuitry (电路) that makes all this possible still requires further research, Long says. For instance, she wonders how much repetition is needed before the hippocampus shifts from recording to predicting and whether it is possible to train the structure to improve both modes in tandem. 21．A．consisted B．interfered C．involved D．associated 22．A．Therefore B．But C．Moreover D．While 23．A．resembled B．followed C．paralleled D．mirrored 24．A．consequently B．voluntarily C．subconsciously D．gradually 25．A．sought B．spotted C．enlightened D．witnessed 26．A．random B．previous C．supernatural D．magical 27．A．memories B．messages C．images D．patterns 28．A．Meanwhile B．Likewise C．Moreover D．Still 29．A．better B．more C．worse D．shorter 30．A．forgetfulness B．prevention C．prediction D．intention 31．A．relates B．enhances C．strengthens D．affects 32．A．interacts B．deals C．originates D．experiments 33．A．compromise B．relationship C．approach D．performance 34．A．systematical B．biological C．intellectual D．emotional 35．A．observe B．preserve C．reserve D．conserve 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。 Blind boxes have been popular with people for decades. Even though they were 36 (initial) created in Japan, they have recently been commercially 37 (success) in the United States and other parts of the world. It is a box or bag 38 (contain) a random assortment(各种各样的) of novelty items. Some have a series of objects including various entertainment mediums created by companies such as Funko. Blind boxes 39 (wrap) so that the items inside the box are unknown 40 the consumer or buyer of the products. The term “blind box” or “blind bag” comes from the fact that the object contained in the box or bag is 41 very mysterious thing. The only indication gotten by the box’s consumer is the media from 42 the item originates and the object they might receive from that particular series. Blind boxes work by taking advantage of their uncertainty. As a result, they stimulate the consumers 43 (make) purchases in quest of rare products. Most consumers tend to purchase these boxes to increase the 44 (probable) of getting their desired gadgets(小玩意). In addition, opening the box to discover which item is in it makes for a sharable experience on different social media 45 (platform) such as Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube. 第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46．假定你是李华，你校将举办一场关于如何提高英语听力的讲座。你很想参加，请给负责该活动的Dave写一封电子邮件，咨询相关事宜。内容包括： 1. 讲座的具体时间和地点； 2. 具体内容； 3. 注意事项等。 注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mira and Kael were adventurous siblings who loved exploring nature and always supported each other through every challenge. For days, they had been preparing for a weekend hike in the mountains. It all started with a map Kael found in an old hiking magazine at the library. Tucked between pages about mountain trails was an old photo of a lake so blue it looked unreal — “Hidden Eagle Lake,” it said, “almost no one knows how to get there.” That was all he needed. “Mira, we have to go!” he said, bursting into her room. For days, they studied printouts, packing and repacking their bags, checking lists again and again. Their parents weren’t thrilled, but finally agreed: one night, just the two of them, deep in the Pine Ridge Mountains. On a foggy Sunday morning, backpacks heavy on their shoulders, they left the last road behind and began climbing. The trail was steeper than expected, roots snaking across the path, fog wrapping the trees like smoke. But when they finally broke through the treeline, there it was — the lake, glowing under the clearing sky, surrounded by cliffs and silence. No footprints. No signs. Just wild, untouched beauty. They dropped their packs with a laugh, quickly set up the tent, and lit a fire. As soup warmed over the flames, they sat close, swapping stories from past trips, feeling like real explorers. For a moment, everything seemed perfect. Then Kael saw it — a dark gap beneath some thick vines, half-hidden by the rocks. “Look! A cave!” he said, eyes wide. Mira hesitated — it looked damp... maybe dangerous. But curiosity won. “Okay,” she said, “but just a quick look.” Big mistake. Inside, the air turned cold. The narrow tunnel opened into a wider space, water dripping from sharp rocks above. Kael stepped forward — and the ground gave way beneath him. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Mira’s heart sank, but she forced herself to stay calm. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Kael took a deep breath, grabbing the rope with one hand. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $