2022年高考英语长难句分析·句子仿写 课件（含学案） -2026届高三英语二轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦2022年全国甲卷、乙卷及新高考I、II卷阅读理解长难句，依据高考评价体系梳理复杂句式结构、核心语法（如并列句、复合句、非谓语动词）及高频短语，明确从句分析、句型应用等考点权重，构建“拆分-翻译-仿写”完整备考体系，体现高考语言能力考查要求。 课件亮点在于“真题精析+素养融合”策略，如以It be+时间段+before…句型为例，拆解语法逻辑后，指导学生仿写建议信、演讲稿等应用文，培养语言表达与逻辑思维品质。特设“句型模板库”和“仿写场景库”，助力学生掌握高分句式，教师可依托真题考点分布精准开展专题突破，提升复习效率。

2022年高考英语真题长难句分析·句子仿写 学案（学生版） 长难句分析步骤： 第一步：划出句中连词，拆分句子。（根据连词判断句子是并列句或还是复合句） 第二步：划出句子主干，剥离修饰关系。 第三步：先译主干，再译修饰，验证翻译是否符合逻辑。 1. In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. （2022年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇） 拆分句子并标出主干句 1 ________________________________ 2 ________________________________ 3 _________________________________ 4 _________________________________ 句型学习 It be + 时间段 + before … “某段时间过后才做某事”强调before之后的动作来之不易。 五年以后我才能回来。（回来的动作不容易） _____________________________________ 很长时间以后我们才能再次见到他们。（再次见到他们不容易) ______________________________________ 中文翻译 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句子仿写 · 建议信（给遇到挫折的朋友） 我知道你现在情绪低落，但请记住，用不了多久你就能为你的努力找到一个全新的、更佳的方向。（It be + 时间段 + before … ） 应用点：鼓励朋友 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ · 演讲稿（关于团队项目或学习经历） 在我们的项目中，整整一个月后我们才最终解决了那个关键的技术难题，那段时间真正考验了我们的耐心和团队合作。（It be + 时间段 + before … ） 应用点：强调成功来之不易，突出克服困难的过程与品质。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ · 毕业感言/告别信 当我们各奔东西，可能多年以后我们才能再次齐聚于此，所以让我们珍惜今天相聚的每一刻吧。（It be + 时间段 + before … ） 应用点：抒发对离别的不舍和对未来重逢的期盼，情感真挚。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. （2022年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇） 拆分句子并标出主干句 1 _______________________________________________ 2 _______________________________________________ 3 _______________________________________________ 4 _______________________________________________ 5 _______________________________________________ 6 _______________________________________________ 7 _______________________________________________ 短语学习 “抽象名词 + to do”to do用于补充前面抽象名词的具体内容。 a policy to solve this problem ________________________ way to do sth. _________________________ the ability to recognize ____________________________ 中文翻译 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句子仿写 · 建议信（给关注社会议题的相关部门） 近年来，保护生态环境的需求变得日益迫切。（抽象名词 + to do作主语） 应用点：点明生态环境保护的紧迫性，呼吁相关部门重视并采取行动。 _______________________________________________________________________________ · 倡议书（致全体市民） 建设绿色城市的目标需要全体市民的共同努力。（抽象名词 + to do作主语） 应用点：呼吁市民凝聚力量、携手行动。 _______________________________________________________________________________ · 读后续写人物心理描写 他克服挫折的决心，像黑暗中的灯塔，指引他重新振作并再次尝试。 （抽象名词 + to do作主语） 应用点：主角面对挫折 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. （2022年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇） 拆分句子并标出主干句 1 ___________________________________________________________ 2 ___________________________________________________________ 3 ____________________________________________________________ 4 ____________________________________________________________ 短语学习 apply sth to sth _______________________ apply for ________________ on a … basis 基于某种情况 on a regular basis ______________________ regular adj. 常规地 on a hardworking basis _____________________hardworking adj. 努力地 on a 24/7 basis ____________ 中文翻译 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句子仿写 · 建议信 我建议学校在晚自习时段开放图书馆的自习区并增配台灯，确保同学们能拥有更舒适的学习环境备战高考。（主句+, making sure that…） 应用点：校园优化 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ · 倡议信 作为即将毕业的高三学子，我们倡议在校园内开展 “绿色离校” 活动，将闲置的教辅资料和生活用品捐赠给学弟学妹，确保资源得到合理利用，也传递校园温情。 （主句+, making sure that…） 应用点：环保践行 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ · 读后续写人物动作描写 准备好生日蛋糕和装饰后，莉莉关掉灯，在门边静静等候，确保弟弟一到家就能收到惊喜。 （主句+, making sure that…） 应用点：亲情、友情类温馨情节，推动 “制造惊喜” 的核心情节落地。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. （2022年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇） 拆分句子 1 ___________________________________________________________ 2 ___________________________________________________________ 3 ___________________________________________________________ 4 ___________________________________________________________ 5 ____________________________________________________________ 句型/短语学习 It is calculated that… __________________ 固定句式：“it + 被动语态 + that …”的形式主语句型 It is considered that psychology is a complicated subject. _____________________________________________________ It is pointed out that this process is quite necessary. ______________________________________________________ It is said that the government will adopt new policies to solve these problems. ______________________________________________________ including prep. _______________ 后面加名词短语。 send sb. to do sth. ______________ 中文翻译 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句子仿写 · 建议信（给学校提改善校园生活的建议） 我希望学校能丰富我们的课后活动，包括组织更多的读书会、科技比赛、体育比赛，以满足学生不同的兴趣。（including (doing) sth：包括（做）某事） 应用点：用于列举部分内容，补充说明前文的名词 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ · 申请信（申请参加英语夏令营） 我对英语有强烈的热情，有丰富的英语相关活动经验，包括在学校主持英语角、参加校际英语辩论赛、为校报翻译短文等。（including (doing) sth：包括（做）某事） 应用点：用于列举部分内容，补充说明前文的名词 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ · 续写 “参加社区环保志愿活动” 我们被分成了几个小组：有的在公园捡垃圾，有的在墙上贴环保海报，我这一组负责清理小区的小湖，包括捞出漂浮在水面上的塑料瓶、塑料袋，清除湖边的杂草。 （including (doing) sth：包括（做）某事） 应用点：补充行动细节，体现人物成长 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown. （2022年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇） 拆分句子并标出主干句 1 _____________________________________________________ 2 _____________________________________________________ 3 _____________________________________________________ 4 _____________________________________________________ 5 _____________________________________________________ 6 _____________________________________________________ 句型/短语学习 bring in：_______________________________ half as much… as：________________（倍数表达的核心结构：倍数 + as + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as） 中文翻译 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句子仿写 · 介绍信（介绍班级学习小组） 由我们年级尖子生组成的数学学习小组计划引入高效的学习方法，帮助你轻松解决难题。 （主语 + 介词短语补充细节 + bring...in 核心谓语） 应用点：先抛出核心事件，再用介词短语补充细节，让句子逻辑更清晰。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ · 倡议书（倡议节约校园用水用电） 我们学校的绿色校园协会计划引入一系列的宣传活动，以提高学生节约用水和用电的意识。 （主语 + 介词短语补充细节 + bring...in 核心谓语） 应用点：先抛出核心事件，再用介词短语补充细节，让句子逻辑更清晰。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ · 续写 “成长故事” 一位来自重点高中的新英语老师带来了有趣的英语口语游戏，使我们枯燥的复习课活跃起来。（主语 + 介词短语补充细节 + bring...in 核心谓语） 应用点：补充了教师的背景信息，又没有打乱句子主干。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. （2022年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇） 拆分句子并标出主干句 1 __________________________________________________ 2 __________________________________________________ 3 __________________________________________________ 4 __________________________________________________ 5 __________________________________________________ 句型/短语学习 according to ______________ 是插入语，可以放在句子的任何位置 influence是先行词，因为在定语从句里作宾语，省略从句引导词that或which。 have the positive influence ________________________ raising millions of pounds _________________________ 中文翻译 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句子仿写 · 申请信(申请参加夏令营) 我听说英语夏令营为语言学习者提供了很好的机会。 （抽象名词benefits/help/effects 等+定语从句） 应用点：定语从句直接修饰先行词，省略多余连词，实现高信息密度 + 紧凑逻辑。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ · 读后续写场景（校园 / 亲情故事） 我仍然记得期末考试前同桌给我的热情鼓励。 (抽象名词（benefits/help/effects 等） + 定语从句) 应用点：用 抽象名词（encouragement）+ 定语从句 结构，省略连词 that/which，直接补充名词的具体内容，让叙事简洁紧凑，同时能细腻体现人物情感，增强故事感染力。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’s lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. （2022年新高考I卷阅读理解A篇） 拆分句子并标出主干句 1 _______________________________________________________ 2 _______________________________________________________ 3 _______________________________________________________ 4 _______________________________________________________ 5 ________________________________________________________ 句型/短语学习 vary vi. _______________ adj. various多种多样的 from day to day ______________________ every day________________ be ready to do sth _____________________ in-class writings or tests _______________ assigned readings or notes ___________________________ draw vt. (drew-drawn) 绘画；拉动；抽取；引起；吸引 drawer n. _____________ 1）He drew a circle in the sand with a stick. ______________________________________ 2）I tried to draw him aside where I could talk to him privately. _______________________________________ 3）She drew back the curtains and let the sunlight in. _______________________________________ 4）The course draws students from all over the country. _______________________________________ 5）My eyes were drawn to the man in the corner. ________________________________________ 中文翻译 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句子仿写 · 应用文（通知・校园活动） 英语角活动形式将从小组讨论到角色扮演各不相同，但所有参与者必须准备好毫不犹豫地用英语表达观点。(sth. will vary from A to B, but sb. must be ready to do sth.) 应用点：前半句描述 “事物的差异性”，后半句通过 but 转折，强调 “某人的必备行动要求”，适合表达 “条件 - 要求”“变化 - 应对” 逻辑。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ · 应用文（书信・求助 / 分享） 我写这封信是为了和你分享一份直接来源于我校外教英语写作技巧讲座的简短总结。(sth. drawn directly from sth. else) 应用点：drawn directly from 为过去分词短语作后置定语，表 “来源于…… 的……”，相当于 which is drawn directly from，简洁高效，适合描述 “内容的来源”。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ · 读后续写（情感升华 / 行动建议） 小小的善举往往能深深温暖一个人的心灵，因此对我们来说，抓住每一个机会向他人表达关心非常重要。（so it is important (for sb.) to do sth.） 应用点：前半句阐述原因，后半句用 so 引出 “结论性的重要性”，是高考英语中表达 “建议 / 强调” 的高频万能句型，可替换 important 为 necessary/ essential/ vital。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away – from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. （2022年新高考I卷阅读理解B篇） 拆分句子并标出主干句 1 ______________________________________________________________ 2 ______________________________________________________________ 3 ______________________________________________________________ 4 ______________________________________________________________ 5 ______________________________________________________________ 句型/短语学习 jaw n. __________ jaw-dropping adj. _________________________ 理解为surprising、astonishing或shocking的加强版。 perfectly adv. __________ 等同于very或extremely； perfectly good food：___________________________ eatable adj. _____________ uneaten adj. ________________ 句子结构：第一句话是整体综述，破折号之后通过from和to两个介词短语来给出具体的例子，这就是典型的 ________________________ 的写作思路。 中文翻译 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句子仿写 · 应用文（倡议书・节约粮食） 令人震惊的是，在我们的日常生活中浪费了多少水——从浴室里左转的水龙头到扔进垃圾桶的未使用的瓶装水。（It’s + 情感形容词 + how much /how + 从句，译为“令人…… 的是，……”） 应用点：强调 “某现象的程度之深 / 令人某类情绪的程度之强”，自带情感色彩和强调效果，适合高考应用文的现象引入、观点升华。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ · 读后续写（爱心场景） 整个社区都来帮助这个无家可归的家庭——从带来保暖的衣服和食物到为他们提供免费的住宿。（from A to B） 应用点：“从…… 到……” 表平行列举 ，丰富内容层次，增强说服力 / 画面感；A 和 B 可同为具体事例、抽象概念或场景细节，适合高考应用文的论据支撑和读后续写的场景铺陈。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says. （2022年新高考I卷阅读理解B篇） 拆分句子并标出主干句 1 ______________________________________________________________ 2 ______________________________________________________________ 3 ______________________________________________________________ 4 ______________________________________________________________ 5 ______________________________________________________________ 句型/短语学习 play a part in doing sth 在某方面发挥作用 whether … or … _____________ 属于并列结构，总分逻辑的实际应用。往往与主句用逗号隔开。 语法填空： Whether we ______________ (celebrate) important occasions or just relaxing with friends, eating is an important social pastime. It is also an important part of our culture. 阅读策略 whether和or涉及的是不重要的信息，是“分”的部分，可以忽略，重点是“总”的部分，也就是主句的内容。 · Whether happy or sad, she always tries to keep smiling.（状语从句） _____________________________________________________ · Whether you like or dislike the job, you have to finish it.（状语从句） ______________________________________________________ · Whether he wins or loses, this is going to be his last tournament.（状语从句） ______________________________________________________ · Whether they consider this opinion or not is not clear. （主语从句） _______________________________________________________ · I asked him whether or not he was coming. （宾语从句） _______________________________________________________ · They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.（同位语从句） ________________________________________________________ if和whether辨析 whether conj. “无论，不管”引导状语从句；“是否”引导名词性从句。 if conj.“如果” 引导状语从句； “是否”引导宾语从句。 相同点：在所有从句中， if和whether都可以引导____________，译为“是否”。 不同点：只能用whether，不能用if： 1) whether…or (not)：无论……还是…… 2) 介词+宾语从句：是否 3) whether to do sth：是否做某事 4) 主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句只能用whether表“是否” 5）whether “无论，不管”引导状语从句； if“如果” 引导状语从句。 小结：表示“是否”只用whether不用if。在“是否”这个含义上，if的功能whether都包括，也就是说if是whether的真子集，那么只要写whether就是最保险的。至于if，只要用来表示“如果”的意思就好了。 中文翻译 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句子仿写 · 应用文（倡议书・校园环保） 人人都能为建设绿色校园出一份力 —— 从正确分类垃圾，到在宿舍里节约每一滴水，皆是行动。（play a part in doing sth./from…to） 应用点：一句话实现 “发出号召 + 给出具体行动建议”，逻辑闭环，适合应用文的主体段核心句或结尾呼吁段 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ · 应用文（建议信・提升英语成绩） 你可以快速提高英语水平 —— 无论是通过每天阅读英语文章，还是课后与同学练习英语口语。(whether by doing A or by doing B) 应用点：通过 “无论是通过…… 还是通过……” 的结构，列举两种并列的行动方式或选择，逻辑清晰且内容充实。适合应用文的建议细化、论据支撑， ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ · 读后续写（社区互助场景） 社区里的每个人都能为让这个生病的孩子开心起来出一份力 —— 无论是给他寄手绘卡片，还是周末带着他最喜欢的玩具去看望他。(whether by doing A or by doing B) 应用点：用于群体行动、人物选择、自救措施等场景，丰富动作描写层次。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. （2022年新高考I卷阅读理解D篇） 拆分句子并标出主干句 1 ________________________________________________________________________ 2 ________________________________________________________________________ 3 ________________________________________________________________________ 4 ________________________________________________________________________ 5 _________________________________________________________________________ 句型/短语学习 later adv. 后来 ，代表的是“之前和之后情况发生了变化”，传递的是并列逻辑的一种特殊结构—对比。 非谓语补充1：making it hard to produce labiodentals 非谓语补充2：making it easier to produce such sounds 中文翻译 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句子仿写 · 应用文（倡议信/演讲稿/调查报告/推荐信） 我们注意到，许多学生经常在空教室中不关灯，这造成了大量的电力浪费 —— 电力是一种我们浪费不起的宝贵资源。 (Sb. + find/discover/notice+ that 从句，making it+宾语+宾补, which 从句) 应用点：该句的结构是 “观点 / 发现 + 结果 + 补充说明”的黄金写作框架，将3个简单句（发现事实→产生结果→补充说明）融合为 1 个复合句，有效提升文章的句式多样性。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team. （2022年新高考I卷阅读理解D篇） 拆分句子并标出主干句 1 __________________________________________________________________________ 2 __________________________________________________________________________ 3 __________________________________________________________________________ 4 __________________________________________________________________________ 5 __________________________________________________________________________ 6 __________________________________________________________________________ 7 __________________________________________________________________________ 句型/短语学习 but rather_________，表转折逻辑，句子的重点信息一定在后半句里。 the huge variety of __________ diversity n. _____________ a complex interplay _________________ 中文翻译 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句子仿写 · 应用文（议论文・传统习俗） 自现代社会发展以来，传统习俗并不一定保持不变，许多习俗已经适应了新时代。(Sth. has not necessarily remained adj. since...) 应用点：表达 “某事物自某时起未必一直保持某种状态”，自带转折和客观分析色彩，适合高考应用文的现象引入、观点反驳， ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.  （2022年新高考II卷阅读理解C篇） 拆分句子并标出主干句 1 ______________________________________________________________ 2 ______________________________________________________________ 3 ______________________________________________________________ 4 ______________________________________________________________ 句型/短语学习 text v. _________________ a wide range of sth _____________ many 许多 persuade sb to do sth _________________ put down ____________________ put down the notes/ the number____________________ behind the wheel_____________ drive 驾驶。 中文翻译 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句子仿写 · 应用文（议论文・现象描述/措施说明/建议提出） 在过去的十年里，大多数城市都加强了交通管理，交通部门也尝试了各种方法来说服司机严格遵守交通规则。 (Over the last + 时间段，Sth.1 has done..., and Sth.2 has tried a wide range of methods to persuade sb. to do sth.) 应用点：通过并列句结构，描述两个相关主体的同步行动或两种相关现象的同时发生，逻辑清晰且内容充实。适合应用文的措施列举、现象对比 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ · 读后续写（环保行动场景） 在过去的三年里，当地政府关闭了几家污染工厂，环保组织采取了各种措施敦促居民保护当地的河流。(Over the last + 时间段，Sth.1 has done..., and Sth.2 has tried a wide range of methods to persuade sb. to do sth.) 应用点：一句话实现 “时间背景 + 主体行动 + 措施目的”，逻辑闭环，内容饱满，适合应用文的开头段现象描述或主体段核心句；也可用于读后续写的故事背景 + 人物行动总述。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference. （2022年新高考II卷阅读理解D篇） 拆分句子并标出主干句 1 ____________________________________________________ 2 ____________________________________________________ 3 ____________________________________________________ 4 ____________________________________________________ 句型/短语学习 far larger groups of people________________，far + 形容词比较级”，用于加强原有形容词比较级的程度。 She wanted to know which is her table. _____________________________________________ (which在从句中作主语) 主语从句或宾语从句中，which在从句里作主语或宾语，表示的是它作为疑问词的本义 __________。 中文翻译 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句子仿写 · 应用文（建议信・提升英语听力） 我们需要对不同类型的听力材料进行更有针对性的练习，以准确地找出我们的听力技能中哪些方面需要改进最多。(to determine exactly which aspects of sth…) 应用点：一句话实现 “现状评价→后续行动→行动条件→最终目的”，逻辑严密，内容层层递进，适合应用文的研究结论段、建议补充。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2022年高考英语真题长难句分析·句子仿写 学案（教师版） 长难句分析步骤： 第一步：划出句中连词，拆分句子。（根据连词判断句子是并列句或还是复合句） 第二步：划出句子主干，剥离修饰关系。 第三步：先译主干，再译修饰，验证翻译是否符合逻辑。 1. In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. （2022年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇） 拆分句子并标出主干句 1 In humans 2 babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age（主句） 3 but it will be another year （主句） 4 before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. 句型学习 It be + 时间段 + before … “某段时间过后才做某事”强调before之后的动作来之不易。 五年以后我才能回来。（回来的动作不容易） It will be five years before I come back. 很长时间以后我们才能再次见到他们。（再次见到他们不容易) It will be a long time before we meet them again. 中文翻译 对于人类而言，婴儿在一岁左右就能把一个圆形的物体放进圆形的洞里，但是要再过一年，他们才能把不太对称的物体同样放进去。 句子仿写 · 建议信（给遇到挫折的朋友） 我知道你现在情绪低落，但请记住，用不了多久你就能为你的努力找到一个全新的、更佳的方向。（It be + 时间段 + before … ） 应用点：鼓励朋友 I know you are feeling down right now, but remember, it won't be long before you find a new and even better direction for your efforts. · 演讲稿（关于团队项目或学习经历） 在我们的项目中，整整一个月后我们才最终解决了那个关键的技术难题，那段时间真正考验了我们的耐心和团队合作。（It be + 时间段 + before … ） 应用点：强调成功来之不易，突出克服困难的过程与品质。 In our project, it was a full month before we finally solved that critical technical problem, a period that truly tested our patience and teamwork. · 毕业感言/告别信 当我们各奔东西，可能多年以后我们才能再次齐聚于此，所以让我们珍惜今天相聚的每一刻吧。（It be + 时间段 + before … ） 应用点：抒发对离别的不舍和对未来重逢的期盼，情感真挚。 As we go our separate ways, it may be years before we all get together again in this very hall, so let's cherish every moment of today's gathering. 2. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. （2022年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇） 拆分句子并标出主干句 5 This ability is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. （主句） 6 to recognize 7 that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction 8 before it will fit 短语学习 “抽象名词 + to do”to do用于补充前面抽象名词的具体内容。 a policy to solve this problem 解决这个问题的政策 way to do sth. 做某事的方法 the ability to recognize 去分辨的能力 中文翻译 这种认识到一个形状需要转换到某个特定的方向才能放进去的能力被称为“异中心参照系”。 句子仿写 · 建议信（给关注社会议题的相关部门） 近年来，保护生态环境的需求变得日益迫切。（抽象名词 + to do作主语） 应用点：点明生态环境保护的紧迫性，呼吁相关部门重视并采取行动。 The need to protect the ecological environment has become increasingly urgent. · 倡议书（致全体市民） 建设绿色城市的目标需要全体市民的共同努力。（抽象名词 + to do作主语） 应用点：呼吁市民凝聚力量、携手行动。 The goal to build a green city requires joint efforts from all citizens. · 读后续写人物心理描写 他克服挫折的决心，像黑暗中的灯塔，指引他重新振作并再次尝试。 （抽象名词 + to do作主语） 应用点：主角面对挫折 His determination to overcome the setback was like a beacon in the dark, guiding him to pick himself up and try again. 3. That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. （2022年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇） 拆分句子并标出主干句 1 That is the very likely future 2 of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure 3 that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains 4 on a 24/7 basis. 短语学习 apply sth to sth 把某物应用于某物 apply for 申请 on a … basis 基于某种情况 on a regular basis 基于常规的情况，regular adj. 常规地 on a hardworking basis 基于努力的情况，hardworking adj. 努力地 on a 24/7 basis 全天候的 中文翻译 这就是非常可能的未来，应用现在的“天眼”技术以确保全世界数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施对火车全天候的安全性。 句子仿写 · 建议信 我建议学校在晚自习时段开放图书馆的自习区并增配台灯，确保同学们能拥有更舒适的学习环境备战高考。（主句+, making sure that…） 应用点：校园优化 I suggest that the school open the library's study area during evening self-study and add more desk lamps, making sure that students can have a more comfortable learning environment to prepare for the college entrance examination. · 倡议信 作为即将毕业的高三学子，我们倡议在校园内开展 “绿色离校” 活动，将闲置的教辅资料和生活用品捐赠给学弟学妹，确保资源得到合理利用，也传递校园温情。 （主句+, making sure that…） 应用点：环保践行 As senior three students about to graduate, we propose launching a "Green Graduation" activity on campus, donating unused teaching materials and daily necessities to junior students, making sure that resources are used reasonably and the warmth of the campus is passed on. · 读后续写人物动作描写 准备好生日蛋糕和装饰后，莉莉关掉灯，在门边静静等候，确保弟弟一到家就能收到惊喜。 （主句+, making sure that…） 应用点：亲情、友情类温馨情节，推动 “制造惊喜” 的核心情节落地。 After preparing the birthday cake and decorations, Lily turned off the lights and waited quietly by the door, making sure that her brother would receive a surprise as soon as she got home. 4. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. （2022年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇） 拆分句子 1 It is calculated（主句） 2 that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, 3 including sending maintenance staff, 4 often at night 5 to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. 句型/短语学习 It is calculated that… 根据计算…… 固定句式：“it + 被动语态 + that …”的形式主语句型 It is considered that psychology is a complicated subject. 人们认为，心理学是一门复杂的学科。（使用主动，添加“人们”） It is pointed out that this process is quite necessary. 有人指出，这个过程非常有必要。（使用主动，添加“有人”） It is said that the government will adopt new policies to solve these problems. 据说，政府会采取新的政策来解决这些问题。（使用主动，添加“据”） including prep. 包括后面加名词短语。 send sb. to do sth. 派某人去做某事 中文翻译 根据计算，仅欧洲铁路每年就要花费约200亿欧元用于维护，包括通常在夜间派遣维护人员检查和维修铁路基础设施。 句子仿写 · 建议信（给学校提改善校园生活的建议） 我希望学校能丰富我们的课后活动，包括组织更多的读书会、科技比赛、体育比赛，以满足学生不同的兴趣。（including (doing) sth：包括（做）某事） 应用点：用于列举部分内容，补充说明前文的名词 I hope the school can enrich our after-class activities, including organizing more book clubs, science and technology competitions, and sports matches to meet the different interests of students. · 申请信（申请参加英语夏令营） 我对英语有强烈的热情，有丰富的英语相关活动经验，包括在学校主持英语角、参加校际英语辩论赛、为校报翻译短文等。（including (doing) sth：包括（做）某事） 应用点：用于列举部分内容，补充说明前文的名词 I have a strong passion for English and have rich experience in English-related activities, including hosting English corners at school, participating in inter-school English debates, and translating short articles for the school newspaper. · 续写 “参加社区环保志愿活动” 我们被分成了几个小组：有的在公园捡垃圾，有的在墙上贴环保海报，我这一组负责清理小区的小湖，包括捞出漂浮在水面上的塑料瓶、塑料袋，清除湖边的杂草。 （including (doing) sth：包括（做）某事） 应用点：补充行动细节，体现人物成长 We were divided into several groups: some picked up garbage in the park, some posted environmental protection posters on the walls, and my group was responsible for cleaning the community’s small lake, including fishing out the plastic bottles and plastic bags floating on the water, and removing the weeds around the lake. 5. The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown. （2022年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇） 拆分句子并标出主干句 1 The Government’s sugar tax has brought in half as much money（宾语从句） 2 on soft drinks 3 as Ministers first predicted 4 it would generate 5 the first official data has shown（主句） 6 on the policy 句型/短语学习 bring in：带来（收益、成果、效果） half as much… as：仅为…… 的一半（倍数表达的核心结构：倍数 + as + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as） 中文翻译 政府对软饮料征收的糖税所带来的资金是部长们最初预测的一半，关于该政策的第一个官方数据显示。 句子仿写 · 介绍信（介绍班级学习小组） 由我们年级尖子生组成的数学学习小组计划引入高效的学习方法，帮助你轻松解决难题。 （主语 + 介词短语补充细节 + bring...in 核心谓语） 应用点：先抛出核心事件，再用介词短语补充细节，让句子逻辑更清晰。 Our Math Study Group with top students in the grade plans to bring in efficient learning methods to help you solve difficult problems easily. · 倡议书（倡议节约校园用水用电） 我们学校的绿色校园协会计划引入一系列的宣传活动，以提高学生节约用水和用电的意识。 （主语 + 介词短语补充细节 + bring...in 核心谓语） 应用点：先抛出核心事件，再用介词短语补充细节，让句子逻辑更清晰。 The Green Campus Association of our school plans to bring in a series of publicity activities to raise students’ awareness of saving water and electricity. · 续写 “成长故事” 一位来自重点高中的新英语老师带来了有趣的英语口语游戏，使我们枯燥的复习课活跃起来。（主语 + 介词短语补充细节 + bring...in 核心谓语） 应用点：补充了教师的背景信息，又没有打乱句子主干。 The new English teacher from a key high school brought in interesting oral English games to liven up our dull review classes. 6.Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. （2022年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇） 拆分句子并标出主干句 1 Today’s figures show the positive influence（主句） 2 according to one government official 3 the sugar tax is having（定语从句） 4 by raising millions of pounds 5 for sports facilities (设施)and healthier eating in schools 句型/短语学习 according to根据，是插入语，可以放在句子的任何位置 influence是先行词，因为在定语从句里作宾语，省略从句引导词that或which。 have the positive influence 具有积极影响的 raising millions of pounds 筹集数百万英镑 中文翻译 根据一位政府官员的说法，现在的数字说明糖税带来了积极的影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑。 句子仿写 · 申请信(申请参加夏令营) 我听说英语夏令营为语言学习者提供了很好的机会。 （抽象名词benefits/help/effects 等+定语从句） 应用点：定语从句直接修饰先行词，省略多余连词，实现高信息密度 + 紧凑逻辑。 I have heard about the wonderful opportunities the summer English camp is providing for language learners. · 读后续写场景（校园 / 亲情故事） 我仍然记得期末考试前同桌给我的热情鼓励。 (抽象名词（benefits/help/effects 等） + 定语从句) 应用点：用 抽象名词（encouragement）+ 定语从句 结构，省略连词 that/which，直接补充名词的具体内容，让叙事简洁紧凑，同时能细腻体现人物情感，增强故事感染力。 I still remember the warm encouragement my deskmate was giving me before the final exam. 7. Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’s lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. （2022年新高考I卷阅读理解A篇） 拆分句子并标出主干句 1 Class activities will vary from day to day,（主句） 2 but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests（主句） 3 drawn directly from assigned readings or notes 4 from the previous class’s lecture/discussion, 5 so it is important to take careful notes during class.（主句） 句型/短语学习 vary vi. 变化、不同 adj. various多种多样的 from day to day 从一天到一天 every day 每天 be ready to do sth 准备好做某事 in-class writings or tests 课内写作或测试 assigned readings or notes 指定阅读或笔记 draw vt. (drew-drawn) 绘画；拉动；抽取；引起；吸引 drawer n. 抽屉 1）He drew a circle in the sand with a stick. 他用木棍在沙子上画了一个圆圈。 2）I tried to draw him aside where I could talk to him privately. 我试图把他拉到一边，这样可以和他私下交谈。 3）She drew back the curtains and let the sunlight in. 她拉开窗帘让阳光照进来。 4）The course draws students from all over the country. 这课程吸引着来自全国各地的学生。 5）My eyes were drawn to the man in the corner. 角落里的那个男人引起了我的注意。 中文翻译 课堂活动每天都会有所不同，但是学生必须做好准备完成简短的课堂写作或测试，内容直接来自此前讲座或讨论的指定阅读材料或笔记，所以上课时认真做笔记很重要。 句子仿写 · 应用文（通知・校园活动） 英语角活动形式将从小组讨论到角色扮演各不相同，但所有参与者必须准备好毫不犹豫地用英语表达观点。(sth. will vary from A to B, but sb. must be ready to do sth.) 应用点：前半句描述 “事物的差异性”，后半句通过 but 转折，强调 “某人的必备行动要求”，适合表达 “条件 - 要求”“变化 - 应对” 逻辑。 The forms of the English corner activities will vary from group discussions to role-plays, but all participants must be ready to express their opinions in English without hesitation. · 应用文（书信・求助 / 分享） 我写这封信是为了和你分享一份直接来源于我校外教英语写作技巧讲座的简短总结。(sth. drawn directly from sth. else) 应用点：drawn directly from 为过去分词短语作后置定语，表 “来源于…… 的……”，相当于 which is drawn directly from，简洁高效，适合描述 “内容的来源”。 I’m writing to share with you a short summary drawn directly from the lecture on English writing skills given by our school’s foreign teacher. · 读后续写（情感升华 / 行动建议） 小小的善举往往能深深温暖一个人的心灵，因此对我们来说，抓住每一个机会向他人表达关心非常重要。（so it is important (for sb.) to do sth.） 应用点：前半句阐述原因，后半句用 so 引出 “结论性的重要性”，是高考英语中表达 “建议 / 强调” 的高频万能句型，可替换 important 为 necessary/ essential/ vital。 Small acts of kindness can often warm a person’s heart deeply, so it is important for us to show our care for others whenever we have the chance. 8. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away – from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. （2022年新高考I卷阅读理解B篇） 拆分句子并标出主干句 1 It’s jaw-dropping（主句） 2 how much perfectly good food is thrown away 3 from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables to large amounts of uneaten dishes 4 rejected by grocers 5 thrown into restaurant garbage cans. 句型/短语学习 jaw n. 下巴、下颌 jaw-dropping adj. 震惊、目瞪口呆、瞠目结舌、触目惊心 理解为surprising、astonishing或shocking的加强版。 perfectly adv. 非常，等同于very或extremely； perfectly good food：品相完好的食物 / 完全优质的食物 eatable adj. 可食用的 uneaten adj. 未被吃完的 句子结构：第一句话是整体综述，破折号之后通过from和to两个介词短语来给出具体的例子，这就是典型的 概括-具体（总-分）的写作思路。 中文翻译 令人瞠目结舌的是，许多很好的食物被扔掉了——从被菜店抛弃的“丑陋”（但是完全可以食用）的蔬菜，到大量没有吃完就被扔进餐厅垃圾桶的菜肴。 句子仿写 · 应用文（倡议书・节约粮食） 令人震惊的是，在我们的日常生活中浪费了多少水——从浴室里左转的水龙头到扔进垃圾桶的未使用的瓶装水。（It’s + 情感形容词 + how much /how + 从句，译为“令人…… 的是，……”） 应用点：强调 “某现象的程度之深 / 令人某类情绪的程度之强”，自带情感色彩和强调效果，适合高考应用文的现象引入、观点升华。 It’s shocking how much water is wasted in our daily lives – from left-running taps in the bathroom to unused bottled water thrown into the trash. · 读后续写（爱心场景） 整个社区都来帮助这个无家可归的家庭——从带来保暖的衣服和食物到为他们提供免费的住宿。（from A to B） 应用点：“从…… 到……” 表平行列举 ，丰富内容层次，增强说服力 / 画面感；A 和 B 可同为具体事例、抽象概念或场景细节，适合高考应用文的论据支撑和读后续写的场景铺陈。 The whole community came to help the homeless family – from bringing warm clothes and food to offering free accommodation for them. 9. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says. （2022年新高考I卷阅读理解B篇） 拆分句子并标出主干句 1 Everyone can play a part in reducing waste（宾语从句） 2 whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping 3 or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish 4 you won’t eat 5 Curtin says.（主句） 句型/短语学习 play a part in doing sth 在某方面发挥作用 whether … or … 无论……还是…… 属于并列结构，总分逻辑的实际应用。往往与主句用逗号隔开。 语法填空： Whether we are celebrating (celebrate) important occasions or just relaxing with friends, eating is an important social pastime. It is also an important part of our culture. 阅读策略 whether和or涉及的是不重要的信息，是“分”的部分，可以忽略，重点是“总”的部分，也就是主句的内容。 · Whether happy or sad, she always tries to keep smiling.（状语从句） 无论是开心还是难过，她总是努力保持微笑。 · Whether you like or dislike the job, you have to finish it.（状语从句） 无论你喜欢还是不喜欢这份工作，你都必须完成它。 · Whether he wins or loses, this is going to be his last tournament.（状语从句） 不管他是赢还是输，这都是他的最后一场比赛。 · Whether they consider this opinion or not is not clear. （主语从句） 他们是否考虑了这个观点还不得而知。 · I asked him whether or not he was coming. （宾语从句） 我问他是否要来。 · They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.（同位语从句） 他们问我这个问题，这个工作是否值得做。 if和whether辨析 whether conj. “无论，不管”引导状语从句；“是否”引导名词性从句。 if conj.“如果” 引导状语从句； “是否”引导宾语从句。 相同点：在所有从句中， if和whether都可以引导宾语从句，译为“是否”。 不同点：只能用whether，不能用if： 1) whether…or (not)：无论……还是…… 2) 介词+宾语从句：是否 3) whether to do sth：是否做某事 4) 主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句只能用whether表“是否” 5）whether “无论，不管”引导状语从句； if“如果” 引导状语从句。 小结：表示“是否”只用whether不用if。在“是否”这个含义上，if的功能whether都包括，也就是说if是whether的真子集，那么只要写whether就是最保险的。至于if，只要用来表示“如果”的意思就好了。 中文翻译 Curtin说：“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在你每周的购物中不购买超过必需数量的食物，还是要求餐厅不要加入你不吃的配菜。” 句子仿写 · 应用文（倡议书・校园环保） 人人都能为建设绿色校园出一份力 —— 从正确分类垃圾，到在宿舍里节约每一滴水，皆是行动。（play a part in doing sth./from…to） 应用点：一句话实现 “发出号召 + 给出具体行动建议”，逻辑闭环，适合应用文的主体段核心句或结尾呼吁段 Everyone can play a part in building a green campus – from sorting waste properly to saving every drop of water in the dormitory. · 应用文（建议信・提升英语成绩） 你可以快速提高英语水平 —— 无论是通过每天阅读英语文章，还是课后与同学练习英语口语。(whether by doing A or by doing B) 应用点：通过 “无论是通过…… 还是通过……” 的结构，列举两种并列的行动方式或选择，逻辑清晰且内容充实。适合应用文的建议细化、论据支撑， You can improve your English quickly whether by reading English articles every day or by practicing oral English with your classmates after class. · 读后续写（社区互助场景） 社区里的每个人都能为让这个生病的孩子开心起来出一份力 —— 无论是给他寄手绘卡片，还是周末带着他最喜欢的玩具去看望他。(whether by doing A or by doing B) 应用点：用于群体行动、人物选择、自救措施等场景，丰富动作描写层次。 Everyone in the neighborhood could play a part in cheering up the sick child whether by sending him hand-drawn cards or by visiting him with his favorite toys on weekends. 10. They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. （2022年新高考I卷阅读理解D篇） 拆分句子并标出主干句 1 They discovered （主句） 2 that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐) 3 making it hard to produce labiodentals, 4 which are formed（定语从句） 5 by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. 句型/短语学习 later adv. 后来 ，代表的是“之前和之后情况发生了变化”，传递的是并列逻辑的一种特殊结构—对比。 非谓语补充1：making it hard to produce labiodentals 非谓语补充2：making it easier to produce such sounds 中文翻译 他们发现，古代人类成年人的上下门牙是对齐的，因此很难发出唇齿音，因为唇齿音需要通过下唇与上牙触碰而形成。后来，我们的下巴变成了覆咬合的结构，这样就能更容易发出这种声音。 句子仿写 · 应用文（倡议信/演讲稿/调查报告/推荐信） 我们注意到，许多学生经常在空教室中不关灯，这造成了大量的电力浪费 —— 电力是一种我们浪费不起的宝贵资源。 (Sb. + find/discover/notice+ that 从句，making it+宾语+宾补, which 从句) 应用点：该句的结构是 “观点 / 发现 + 结果 + 补充说明”的黄金写作框架，将3个简单句（发现事实→产生结果→补充说明）融合为 1 个复合句，有效提升文章的句式多样性。 We noticed that many students often leave lights on in empty classrooms, making it a huge waste of electricity, which is a precious resource that we can’t afford to squander. 11. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team. （2022年新高考I卷阅读理解D篇） 拆分句子并标出主干句 1 The set of speech sounds has not necessarily remained stable（宾语从句） 2 we use 3 since the appearance of human beings 4 but rather the huge variety of speech sounds is the product of a complex interplay of things （宾语从句） 5 like biological change and cultural evolution, 6 that we find today 7 said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.（主句） 句型/短语学习 but rather而是，表转折逻辑，句子的重点信息一定在后半句里。 the huge variety of 种类繁多的 diversity n. 多样性 a complex interplay 复杂的相互作用 中文翻译 “自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音并非稳定不变的，相反，如今我们发现的大量语音种类是生物演变和文化进化等进程相互复杂作用后的产物，”研究小组的成员Steven Moran说。 句子仿写 · 应用文（议论文・传统习俗） 自现代社会发展以来，传统习俗并不一定保持不变，许多习俗已经适应了新时代。(Sth. has not necessarily remained adj. since...) 应用点：表达 “某事物自某时起未必一直保持某种状态”，自带转折和客观分析色彩，适合高考应用文的现象引入、观点反驳， Traditional customs have not necessarily remained unchanged since the development of modern society – many have been adapted to fit the new era. 12. Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.  （2022年新高考II卷阅读理解C篇） 拆分句子并标出主干句 1 Over the last seven years, 2 most states have banned texting by drivers（主句） 3 and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones（主句） 4 when they are behind the wheel. 句型/短语学习 text v. 打字、发消息 a wide range of sth 大范围的某事 many 许多 persuade sb to do sth 说服某人做某事 put down 放下；写下、记下 put down the notes/ the number记笔记/电话号码 behind the wheel在方向盘后面 drive 驾驶。 中文翻译 在过去的七年里，大多数州都已经禁止了司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种方法来劝说人们在驾驶时放下手机。 句子仿写 · 应用文（议论文・现象描述/措施说明/建议提出） 在过去的十年里，大多数城市都加强了交通管理，交通部门也尝试了各种方法来说服司机严格遵守交通规则。 (Over the last + 时间段，Sth.1 has done..., and Sth.2 has tried a wide range of methods to persuade sb. to do sth.) 应用点：通过并列句结构，描述两个相关主体的同步行动或两种相关现象的同时发生，逻辑清晰且内容充实。适合应用文的措施列举、现象对比 Over the last decade, most cities have strengthened traffic management, and traffic departments have tried a wide range of methods to persuade drivers to obey traffic rules strictly. · 读后续写（环保行动场景） 在过去的三年里，当地政府关闭了几家污染工厂，环保组织采取了各种措施敦促居民保护当地的河流。(Over the last + 时间段，Sth.1 has done..., and Sth.2 has tried a wide range of methods to persuade sb. to do sth.) 应用点：一句话实现 “时间背景 + 主体行动 + 措施目的”，逻辑闭环，内容饱满，适合应用文的开头段现象描述或主体段核心句；也可用于读后续写的故事背景 + 人物行动总述。 Over the last three years, the local government had closed several polluting factories, and environmental organizations had taken various measures to urge residents to protect the local river. 13. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference. （2022年新高考II卷阅读理解D篇） 拆分句子并标出主干句 1 But the study was small and needs to be repeated（主句） 2 with far larger groups of people 3 to determine exactly 4 which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference. 句型/短语学习 far larger groups of people大得多的人群，far + 形容词比较级”，用于加强原有形容词比较级的程度。 She wanted to know which is her table. 她想知道哪一个是她的桌子。 (which在从句中作主语) 主语从句或宾语从句中，which在从句里作主语或宾语，表示的是它作为疑问词的本义 哪一个。 中文翻译 但是这项研究规模不大，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定锻炼计划的哪些方面会发挥最大的作用。 句子仿写 · 应用文（建议信・提升英语听力） 我们需要对不同类型的听力材料进行更有针对性的练习，以准确地找出我们的听力技能中哪些方面需要改进最多。(to determine exactly which aspects of sth…) 应用点：一句话实现 “现状评价→后续行动→行动条件→最终目的”，逻辑严密，内容层层递进，适合应用文的研究结论段、建议补充。 We need to do more targeted practice with different types of listening materials to figure out precisely which aspects of our listening skills need the most improvement. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高考英语真题长难句分析 制作者：李莉 2026年1月 句子仿写 01 SENTENCE ONE 长难句分析 （2022年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇） 长难句分析步骤 第一步：划出句中连词，拆分句子。 （根据连词判断句子是并列句或还是复合句） 第二步：划出句子主干，剥离修饰关系。 第三步：先译主干，再译修饰，验证翻译是否符合逻辑。 1. In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. （2022年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇） 点击输入文字标题 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus malesuada libero, sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna. 1. In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. babies can put a round shape , but it will be another year 主干 状语从句 状语 状语 in a round hole from around one year of age, before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. In humans 主语 谓语 宾语 主干 句子1 句子2 but 1. In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. 句型 五年以后我才能回来。（回来的动作不容易） _______________________________________________ 很长时间以后我们才能再次见到他们。（再次见到他们不容易) _______________________________________________ It will be five years before I come back. It will be a long time before we meet them again. It be + 时间段 + before … “某段时间过后才做某事”强调before之后的动作来之不易。 （2022年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇） 点击输入文字标题 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus malesuada libero, sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna. 1. In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. 中文翻译 对于人类而言，婴儿在一岁左右就能把一个圆形的物体放进圆形的洞里，但是要再过一年，他们才能把不太对称的物体同样放进去。 01 SENTENCE ONE 句子仿写 1. 建议信（给遇到挫折的朋友） 我知道你现在情绪低落，但请记住，用不了多久你就能为你的努力找到一个全新的、更佳的方向。 （It be + 时间段 + before … ） 应用点：鼓励朋友 I know you are feeling down right now, but remember, it won’t be long before you find a new and even better direction for your efforts. 2. 演讲稿（关于团队项目或学习经历） 在我们的项目中，整整一个月后我们才最终解决了那个关键的技术难题，那段时间真正考验了我们的耐心和团队合作。 （It be + 时间段 + before … ） 应用点：强调成功来之不易，突出克服困难的过程与品质。 In our project, it was a full month before we finally solved that critical technical problem, a period that truly tested our patience and teamwork. 3. 毕业感言/告别信 当我们各奔东西，可能多年以后我们才能再次齐聚于此，所以让我们珍惜今天相聚的每一刻吧。 （It be + 时间段 + before … ） 应用点：抒发对离别的不舍和对未来重逢的期盼，情感真挚。 As we go our separate ways, it may be years before we all get together again in this very hall, so let's cherish every moment of today's gathering. 02 SENTENCE TWO 长难句分析 （2022年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇） 2. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. This ability is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. 主干 宾语从句 状语从句 定语，非谓语限定ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit 主语 谓语 宾语 主句 从句 2. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. 短语知识 “抽象名词 + to do”to do用于补充前面抽象名词的具体内容。 a policy to solve this problem _____________________ way to do sth _______________ the ability to recognize _____________ 解决这个问题的政策 做某事的方法 去分辨的能力 2. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. 中文翻译 这种认识到一个形状需要转换到某个特定的方向才能放进去的能力被称为“异中心参照系”。 （2022年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇） This ability to recognize … is called … 这种去辨认……的能力被称为…… 02 SENTENCE TWO 句子仿写 1. 建议信（给关注社会议题的相关部门） 近年来，保护生态环境的需求变得日益迫切。 （抽象名词 + to do作主语） 应用点：点明生态环境保护的紧迫性，呼吁相关部门重视并采取行动。 The need to protect the ecological environment has become increasingly urgent. 2.倡议书（致全体市民） 建设绿色城市的目标需要全体市民的共同努力。 （抽象名词 + to do作主语） 应用点：呼吁市民凝聚力量、携手行动。 The goal to build a green city requires joint efforts from all citizens. 3. 读后续写人物心理描写 他克服挫折的决心，像黑暗中的灯塔，指引他重新振作并再次尝试。 （抽象名词 + to do作主语） 应用点：主角面对挫折 His determination to overcome the setback was like a beacon in the dark, guiding him to pick himself up and try again. 03 SENTENCE THREE 长难句分析 （2022年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇） 3. That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. 主句 从句 That is the very likely future 主干 宾语从句 状语 定语 of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. 主语 系动词 表语 短语知识 apply sth to sth __________________ apply for ______ on a … basis 基于某种情况 on a regular basis ______________ ，regular adj. 常规地 on a hardworking basis _______________，hardworking adj. 努力地 3. That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. 申请 基于常规的情况 基于努力的情况 on a 24/7 basis _____________ 全天候的 把某物应用于某物 （2022年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇） 3. That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. 中文翻译 这就是非常可能的未来，应用现在的“天眼”技术以确保全世界数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施对火车全天候的安全性。 03 SENTENCE THREE 句子仿写 （主句+, making sure that…) 建议信 我建议学校在晚自习时段开放图书馆的自习区并增配台灯，确保 同学们能拥有更舒适的学习环境备战高考。 应用点：校园优化 I suggest that the school open the library's study area during evening self-study and add more desk lamps, making sure that students can have a more comfortable learning environment to prepare for the college entrance examination. 2. 倡议信 作为即将毕业的高三学子，我们倡议在校园内开展 “绿色离校” 活动，将闲置的教辅资料和生活用品捐赠给学弟学妹，确保资源得到合理利用，也传递校园温情。 （主句+, making sure that…) 应用点：环保践行 As senior three students about to graduate, we propose launching a "Green Graduation" activity on campus, donating unused teaching materials and daily necessities to junior students, making sure that resources are used reasonably and the warmth of the campus is passed on. 3.读后续写人物动作描写 准备好生日蛋糕和装饰后，莉莉关掉灯，在门边静静等候，确保弟弟一到家就能收到惊喜。 应用点：亲情、友情类温馨情节，推动 “制造惊喜” 的核心情节落地。 After preparing the birthday cake and decorations, Lily turned off the lights and waited quietly by the door, making sure that her brother would receive a surprise as soon as she got home. （主句+, making sure that…) 04 SENTENCE FOUR 长难句分析 （2022年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇） 4. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. 主句 从句 It is calculated 主干 主语从句 非谓语 作状语 that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, 主语 谓语 非谓语 作状语 to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. often at night, 插入语 4. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. It is calculated that… ______________ 固定句式：“it + 被动语态 + that …” it作形式主语句型 It is considered that psychology is a complicated subject. ________________________________________________________________ It is pointed out that this process is quite necessary. _________________________________________________________ It is said that the government will adopt new policies to solve these problems. ______________________________________________________________________ 根据计算…… 人们认为，心理学是一门复杂的学科。（使用主动，添加“人们”） 有人指出，这个过程非常有必要。（使用主动，添加“有人”） 据说，政府会采取新的政策来解决这些问题。（使用主动，添加“据”） 4. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. including … ___________，including prep. 后面加名词短语。 send sb. to do sth.________________ 中文翻译 根据计算，仅欧洲铁路每年就要花费约200亿欧元用于维护，包括通常在夜间派遣维护人员检查和维修铁路基础设施。 包括…… 派某人去做某事 04 SENTENCE FOUR 句子仿写 1.建议信（给学校提改善校园生活的建议） 我希望学校能丰富我们的课后活动，包括组织更多的读书会、科技比赛、体育比赛，以满足学生不同的兴趣。 （including (doing) sth：包括（做）某事） 应用点：用于列举部分内容，补充说明前文的名词 I hope the school can enrich our after-class activities, including organizing more book clubs, science and technology competitions, and sports matches to meet the different interests of students. 2. 申请信（申请参加英语夏令营） 我对英语有强烈的热情，有丰富的英语相关活动经验，包括在学校主持英语角、参加校际英语辩论赛、为校报翻译短文等。 （including (doing) sth：包括（做）某事） 应用点：用于列举部分内容，补充说明前文的名词 I have a strong passion for English and have rich experience in English-related activities, including hosting English corners at school, participating in inter-school English debates, and translating short articles for the school newspaper. 3. 续写 “参加社区环保志愿活动” 我们被分成了几个小组：有的在公园捡垃圾，有的在墙上贴环保海报，我这一组负责清理小区的小湖，包括捞出漂浮在水面上的塑料瓶、塑料袋，清除湖边的杂草。（including doing sth：包括做某事） 应用点：补充行动细节，体现人物成长 We were divided into several groups: some picked up garbage in the park, some posted environmental protection posters on the walls, and my group was responsible for cleaning the community’s small lake, including fishing out the plastic bottles and plastic bags floating on the water, and removing the weeds around the lake. 05 SENTENCE FIVE 长难句分析 5. The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown. （2022年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇） 主句 从句 the first official data has shown. 主干 宾语从句 定语从句 宾语从句 主语 谓语 on the policy 定语 定语 as Ministers first predicted The Government’s sugar tax has brought in half as much money on soft drinks it would generate, 5. The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown. 比较结构: as (much)… as “ 和……一样多” 正确理解“as……as结构” 需要做到三步： 1、删掉第一个as、第二个as和之后的所有内容，理解剩余的句子 2、用第二个as之后的内容替换掉主语，理解新的句子 3、把以上两句话用“一样”合在一起 e.g. Scent is just as important to a brand’s success as the quality of its window displays and goods on sale. 气味、橱窗展示和在售物品的质量对于品牌的成功是同等重要。 bring in：________________________ half as much… as：__________________（倍数表达的核心结构：倍数 + as + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as） 中文翻译 政府对软饮料征收的糖税所带来的资金是部长们最初预测的一半，关于该政策的第一个官方数据显示。 带来（收益、成果、效果） 仅为…… 的一半 05 SENTENCE FIVE 句子仿写 1.介绍信（介绍班级学习小组） 由我们年级尖子生组成的数学学习小组计划引入高效的学习方法，帮助你轻松解决难题。 （主语 + 介词短语补充细节 + bring...in 核心谓语） 应用点：先抛出核心事件，再用介词短语补充细节，让句子逻辑更清晰。 Our Math Study Group with top students in the grade plans to bring in efficient learning methods to help you solve difficult problems easily. 2. 倡议书（倡议节约校园用水用电） 我们学校的绿色校园协会计划引入一系列的宣传活动，以提高学生节约用水和用电的意识。 （主语 + 介词短语补充细节 + bring...in 核心谓语） 应用点：先抛出核心事件，再用介词短语补充细节，让句子逻辑更清晰。 The Green Campus Association of our school plans to bring in a series of publicity activities to raise students’ awareness of saving water and electricity. 3. 续写 “成长故事” 一位来自重点高中的新英语老师带来了有趣的英语口语游戏，使我们枯燥的复习课活跃起来。 （主语 + 介词短语补充细节 + bring...in 核心谓语） 应用点：补充了教师的背景信息，又没有打乱句子主干。 The new English teacher from a key high school brought in interesting oral English games to liven up our dull review classes. 06 SENTENCE SIX 长难句分析 6.Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. （2022年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇） Today’s figures, show the positive influence 主干 定语从句 状语 同位语 the sugar tax is having according to one government official, by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools. 主语 谓语 宾语 主句 从句 according to …___________ ，是插入语，可以放在句子的任何位置 influence是先行词，因为在定语从句里作宾语，省略从句引导词that或which。 have the positive influence _________________ raising millions of pounds ________________ 6.Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. 中文翻译 根据一位政府官员的说法，现在的数字说明糖税带来了积极的影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑。 根据…… 筹集数百万英镑 具有积极影响的 06 SENTENCE SIX 句子仿写 申请信(申请参加夏令营) 我听说英语夏令营为语言学习者提供了很好的机会。 (抽象名词benefits/help/effects 等 + 定语从句) 应用点：定语从句直接修饰先行词，省略多余连词，实现高信息密度 + 紧凑逻辑。 I have heard about the wonderful opportunities the summer English camp is providing for language learners. 2. 读后续写场景（校园 / 亲情故事） 我仍然记得期末考试前同桌给我的热情鼓励。 (抽象名词benefits/help/effects 等 + 定语从句) 应用点：用 抽象名词（encouragement）+ 定语从句 结构，省略连词 that/which，直接补充名词的具体内容，让叙事简洁紧凑，同时能细腻体现人物情感，增强故事感染力。 I still remember the warm encouragement my deskmate was giving me before the final exam. 07 SENTENCE SEVEN 长难句分析 7. Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’s lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. (2022年新高考I卷阅读理解A篇) Class activities will vary from day to day, 主干 非谓语作定语 主语 谓语 but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests 主干 drawn directly from assigned readingsor notes from the previous class’s lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. 表语 主干 句子1 句子2 but so 句子3 7. Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’s lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. (2022年新高考I卷阅读理解A篇) vary vi. ___________ adj. _______ 多种多样的 from day to day ______________ every day 每天 be ready to do sth ______________ in-class writings or tests _______________ assigned readings or notes _______________ 变化、不同 various 从一天到一天 准备好做某事 课内写作或测试 指定阅读或笔记 draw vt. (drew-______) 绘画；拉动；抽取；引起；吸引 drawer n. _____ 1. He drew a circle in the sand with a stick. ______________________________ 2. I tried to draw him aside where I could talk to him privately. __________________________________________ 3. She drew back the curtains and let the sunlight in. _________________________ 4. The course draws students from all over the country. _________________________________ 5. My eyes were drawn to the man in the corner. ___________________________________ 他用木棍在沙子上画了一个圆圈。 我试图把他拉到一边，这样可以和他私下交谈。 她拉开窗帘让阳光照进来。 这课程吸引着来自全国各地的学生。 角落里的那个男人引起了我的注意。 drawn 抽屉 7. Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’s lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. (2022年新高考I卷阅读理解A篇) 中文翻译 课堂活动每天都会有所不同，但是学生必须做好准备完成简短的课堂写作或测试，内容直接来自此前讲座或讨论的指定阅读材料或笔记，所以上课时认真做笔记很重要。 07 SENTENCE SEVEN 句子仿写 1. 应用文（通知・校园活动） 英语角活动形式将从小组讨论到角色扮演各不相同，但所有参与者必须准备好毫不犹豫地用英语表达观点。 (sth. will vary from A to B, but sb. must be ready to do sth.) 应用点：前半句描述 “事物的差异性”，后半句通过 but 转折，强调 “某人的必备行动要求”，适合表达 “条件 - 要求”“变化 - 应对” 逻辑。 The forms of the English corner activities will vary from group discussions to role-plays, but all participants must be ready to express their opinions in English without hesitation. 2. 应用文（书信・求助 / 分享） 我写这封信是为了和你分享一份直接来源于我校外教英语写作技巧讲座的简短总结。(sth. drawn directly from sth. else) 应用点：drawn directly from 为过去分词短语作后置定语，表 “来源于…… 的……”，相当于 which is drawn directly from，简洁高效，适合描述 “内容的来源”。 I’m writing to share with you a short summary drawn directly from the lecture on English writing skills given by our school’s foreign teacher. 3. 读后续写（情感升华 / 行动建议） 小小的善举往往能深深温暖一个人的心灵，因此对我们来说，抓住每一个机会向他人表达关心非常重要。 （so it is important (for sb.) to do sth.） 应用点：前半句阐述原因，后半句用 so 引出 “结论性的重要性”，是高考英语中表达 “建议 / 强调” 的高频万能句型，可替换 important 为 necessary/ essential/ vital。 Small acts of kindness can often warm a person’s heart deeply, so it is important for us to show our care for others whenever we have the chance. 08 SENTENCE EIGHT 长难句分析 8. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away – from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. （2022年新高考I卷阅读理解B篇） It’s jaw-dropping 主干 状语 how much perfectly good food is thrown away –from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables to large amounts of uneaten dishes 形式主语 系动词 表语 rejected by grocers 主语从句 非谓语作定语 thrown into restaurant garbage cans. 非谓语作定语 主句 从句 8. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away – from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. （2022年新高考I卷阅读理解B篇） jaw n. _____________ jaw-dropping adj. ___________________________________ 理解为surprising、astonishing或shocking的加强版。 perfectly adv. _____ ，等同于very或extremely； perfectly good food：________________________________ eatable adj.___________ uneaten adj.___________ 下巴、下颌 震惊、目瞪口呆、瞠目结舌、触目惊心 非常 可食用的 未被吃完的 品相完好的食物 / 完全优质的食物 8. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away – from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. （2022年新高考I卷阅读理解B篇） 中文翻译 令人瞠目结舌的是，许多很好的食物被扔掉了——从被菜店抛弃的“丑陋”（但是完全可以食用）的蔬菜，到大量没有吃完就被扔进餐厅垃圾桶的菜肴。 句子结构：第一句话是整体综述，破折号之后通过from和to两个介词短语来给出具体的例子，这就是典型的__________________的写作思路。 概括-具体（总-分） 08 SENTENCE EIGHT 句子仿写 应用文（倡议书・节约粮食） 令人震惊的是，在我们的日常生活中浪费了多少水——从浴室里左转的水龙头到扔进垃圾桶的未使用的瓶装水。（It’s + 情感形容词 + how much /how + 从句，译为“令人…… 的是，……”） 应用点：强调 “某现象的程度之深 / 令人某类情绪的程度之强”，自带情感色彩和强调效果，适合高考应用文的现象引入、观点升华。 It’s shocking how much water is wasted in our daily lives – from left-running taps in the bathroom to unused bottled water thrown into the trash. The whole community came to help the homeless family – from bringing warm clothes and food to offering free accommodation for them. 2. 读后续写（爱心场景） 整个社区都来帮助这个无家可归的家庭——从带来保暖的衣服和食物到为他们提供免费的住宿。（from A to B） 应用点：“从…… 到……” 表平行列举 ，丰富内容层次，增强说服力 / 画面感；A 和 B 可同为具体事例、抽象概念或场景细节，适合高考应用文的论据支撑和读后续写的场景铺陈。 09 SENTENCE NINE 长难句分析 9. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says. （2022年新高考I卷阅读理解B篇） “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste Curtin says. 主干 状语 定语从句 whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish 主语 谓语 you won’t eat,” 宾语从句 主句 从句 9. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says. （2022年新高考I卷阅读理解B篇） whether … or … _________________ 属于并列结构，总分逻辑的实际应用。往往与主句用逗号隔开。 无论……还是…… 语法填空：Whether we ______________ (celebrate) important occasions or just relaxing with friends, eating is an important social pastime. It is also an important part of our culture. are celebrating 阅读策略：whether和or涉及的是不重要的信息，是“分”的部分，可以忽略，重点是“总”的部分，也就是主句的内容。 Whether happy or sad, she always tries to keep smiling.（状语从句） ________________________________________ Whether you like or dislike the job, you have to finish it.（状语从句） _______________________________________________ Whether he wins or loses, this is going to be his last tournament.（状语从句） ____________________________________________ 无论是开心还是难过，她总是努力保持微笑。 无论你喜欢还是不喜欢这份工作，你都必须完成它。 不管他是赢还是输，这都是他的最后一场比赛。 Whether they consider this opinion or not is not clear. （主语从句） ___________________________________ I asked him whether or not he was coming. （宾语从句） _________________ They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.（同位语从句）_________________________________________ 他们是否考虑了这个观点还不得而知。 我问他是否要来。 他们问我这个问题，这个工作是否值得做。 if和whether辨析 whether conj. “无论，不管”引导状语从句；“是否”引导名词性从句。 if conj.“如果” 引导状语从句； “是否”引导宾语从句。 相同点：在所有从句中， if和whether都可以引导宾语从句，译为“是否”。 不同点：只能用whether，不能用if： 1) whether…or (not)：无论……还是…… 2) 介词+宾语从句：是否 3) whether to do sth：是否做某事 4) 主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句只能用whether表“是否” 5）whether “无论，不管”引导状语从句； if“如果” 引导状语从句。 小结：表示“是否”只用whether不用if。在“是否”这个含义上，if的功能whether都包括，也就是说if是whether的真子集，那么只要写whether就是最保险的。至于if，只要用来表示“如果”的意思就好了。 9. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says. （2022年新高考I卷阅读理解B篇） 中文翻译 Curtin说：“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在你每周的购物中不购买超过必需数量的食物，还是要求餐厅不要加入你不吃的配菜。” play a part in doing sth __________________ 在某方面发挥作用 09 SENTENCE NINE 句子仿写 1. 高考应用文（倡议书・校园环保） 人人都能为建设绿色校园出一份力 —— 从正确分类垃圾，到在宿舍里节约每一滴水，皆是行动。（play a part in doing sth./from…to） 应用点：一句话实现 “发出号召 + 给出具体行动建议”，逻辑闭环，适合应用文的主体段核心句或结尾呼吁段 Everyone can play a part in building a green campus – from sorting waste properly to saving every drop of water in the dormitory. 2. 高考应用文（建议信・提升英语成绩） 你可以快速提高英语水平 —— 无论是通过每天阅读英语文章，还是课后与同学练习英语口语。(whether by doing A or by doing B) 应用点：通过 “无论是通过…… 还是通过……” 的结构，列举两种并列的行动方式或选择，逻辑清晰且内容充实。适合应用文的建议细化、论据支撑， You can improve your English quickly whether by reading English articles every day or by practicing oral English with your classmates after class. ^ 3. 读后续写（社区互助场景） 社区里的每个人都能为让这个生病的孩子开心起来出一份力 —— 无论是给他寄手绘卡片，还是周末带着他最喜欢的玩具去看望他。(whether by doing A or by doing B) 应用点：用于群体行动、人物选择、自救措施等场景，丰富动作描写层次。 Everyone in the neighborhood could play a part in cheering up the sick child whether by sending him hand-drawn cards or by visiting him with his favorite toys on weekends. 10 SENTENCE TEN 长难句分析 10. They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. （2022年新高考I卷阅读理解D篇） They discovered 主干 宾语从句 非谓语作状语 定语从句 that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned , which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. making it hard to produce labiodentals, 主语 谓语 主句 从句 10. They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. （2022年新高考I卷阅读理解D篇） touch...to... ___________________ touch on _______ 把……碰到……上 谈及 In his speech, the president touched on the importance of education reform, without going into specific details. 译文_________________________________________________________ 校长在演讲中谈及了教育改革的重要性，但没有深入具体细节。 10. They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure, making it easier to produce such sounds. （2022年新高考I卷阅读理解D篇） later adv. _______ “后来” ，代表的是“之前和之后情况发生了变化”，传递的是并列逻辑的一种特殊结构——对比。 非谓语补充1：making it hard to produce labiodentals 非谓语补充2：making it easier to produce such sounds 后来 10. They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure, making it easier to produce such sounds. （2022年新高考I卷阅读理解D篇） 中文翻译 他们发现，古代人类成年人的上下门牙是对齐的，因此很难发出唇齿音，因为唇齿音需要通过下唇与上牙触碰而形成。后来，我们的下巴变成了覆咬合的结构，这样就能更容易发出这种声音。 10 SENTENCE TEN 句子仿写 应用文（倡议信/演讲稿/调查报告/推荐信） 我们注意到，许多学生经常在空教室中不关灯，这造成了大量的电力浪费 —— 电力是一种我们浪费不起的宝贵资源。 (Sb. + find/discover/notice+ that 从句，making it+宾语+宾补, which 从句) 应用点：该句的结构是 “观点 / 发现 + 结果 + 补充说明”的黄金写作框架，将3个简单句（发现事实→产生结果→补充说明）融合为 1 个复合句，有效提升文章的句式多样性。 We noticed that many students often leave lights on in empty classrooms, making it a huge waste of electricity, which is a precious resource that we can’t afford to squander. 11 SENTENCE ELEVEN 长难句分析 11. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team. （2022年新高考I卷阅读理解D篇） 主句 从句 “The set of speech sounds has not necessarily remained stable said Steven Moran, 主干 宾语从句 主语 谓语 a member of the research team. 同位语 since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds is the product of a complex interplay of things we use 状语 宾语从句 that we find today like biological change and cultural evolution,” 同位语 定语从句 定语从句 11. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team. （2022年新高考I卷阅读理解D篇） but rather_________，表转折逻辑，句子的重点信息一定在后半句里。 the huge variety of _____________ diversity n. ___________ a complex interplay _________________ 中文翻译 “自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音并非稳定不变的，相反，如今我们发现的大量语音种类是生物演变和文化进化等进程相互复杂作用后的产物，”研究小组的成员Steven Moran说。 而是 种类繁多的 多样性 复杂的相互作用 35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds? It is key to effective communication. It contributes much to cultural diversity. It is a complex and dynamic system. It drives the evolution of human beings. 11. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team. （2022年新高考I卷阅读理解D篇） 解析: A选项无中生有。 B选项cultural diversity “文化的多样性”,原文the huge variety of speech sounds ，指“声音的多样性”，与B不符。 D选项evolution of human beings“人类的进化”，原句中cultural evolution ，指“文化进化”，与D不符。 C选项“复杂”直接对应原句信息，而“dynamic 动态的”就是“不断变化的”，对应的就是原句中的change和evolution。 11 SENTENCE ELEVEN 句子仿写 1. 应用文（议论文・传统习俗） 自现代社会发展以来，传统习俗并不一定保持不变，许多习俗已经适应了新时代。(sth. has not necessarily remained adj. since...) 应用点：表达 “某事物自某时起未必一直保持某种状态”，自带转折和客观分析色彩，适合高考应用文的现象引入、观点反驳。 Traditional customs have not necessarily remained unchanged since the development of modern society – many have been adapted to fit the new era. 12 SENTENCE TWELVE 长难句分析 12. Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.         （2022年新高考II卷阅读理解C篇）   句子1 句子2 and most states have banned texting by drivers, And public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods 主干 主干 状语从句 状语 主语 谓语 宾语 to persuade people to put down their phones 状语 when they are behind the wheel.   Over the last seven years, 12. Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.       （2022年新高考II卷阅读理解C篇）   text v. ________________ a wide range of sth _______________ many 许多 persuade sb to do sth _________________ put down ____________________ put down the notes/ the number___________________ behind the wheel______________ drive 驾驶。 打字、发消息 大范围的某事 放下；写下、记下 记笔记/电话号码 在方向盘后面 说服某人做某事 12. Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.         （2022年新高考II卷阅读理解C篇）   中文翻译 在过去的七年里，大多数州都已经禁止了司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种方法来劝说人们在驾驶时放下手机。 and/or conj. 表_____逻辑，可以连接单词、短语、句子三种不同的情况。 并列 12 SENTENCE TWELVE 句子仿写 应用文（议论文・现象描述/措施说明/建议提出） 在过去的十年里，大多数城市都加强了交通管理，交通部门也尝试了各种方法来说服司机严格遵守交通规则。 (Over the last + 时间段，Sth.1 has done..., and Sth.2 has tried a wide range of methods to persuade sb. to do sth.) 应用点：通过并列句结构，描述两个相关主体的同步行动或两种相关现象的同时发生，逻辑清晰且内容充实。适合应用文的措施列举、现象对比. Over the last decade, most cities have strengthened traffic management, and traffic departments have tried a wide range of methods to persuade drivers to obey traffic rules strictly. 2. 读后续写（环保行动场景） 在过去的三年里，当地政府关闭了几家污染工厂，环保组织采取了各种措施敦促居民保护当地的河流。(Over the last + 时间段，Sth.1 has done..., and Sth.2 has tried a wide range of methods to persuade sb. to do sth.) 应用点：一句话实现 “时间背景 + 主体行动 + 措施目的”，逻辑闭环，内容饱满，适合应用文的开头段现象描述或主体段核心句；也可用于读后续写的故事背景 + 人物行动总述。 Over the last three years, the local government had closed several polluting factories, and environmental organizations had taken various measures to urge residents to protect the local river. 13 SENTENCE SIX 长难句分析 13. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference. （2022年新高考II卷阅读理解D篇） 主句 从句 But the study was small and needs to be repeated 主干 状语 宾语从句 with far larger groups of people to determine exactly 主语 谓语 系动词 which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference. 表语 13. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference. （2022年新高考II卷阅读理解D篇） far larger groups of people __________________ far + 形容词比较级”，用于加强原有形容词比较级的程度 She wanted to know which is her table. ___________________________ (which在从句中作主语) 主语从句或宾语从句中，which在从句里作主语或宾语，表示的是它作为疑问词的本义____________。 大得多的人群 她想知道哪一个是她的桌子。 哪一个 13. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference. （2022年新高考II卷阅读理解D篇） 中文翻译 但是这项研究规模不大，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定锻炼计划的哪些方面会发挥最大的作用。 13 SENTENCE THIRTEEN 句子仿写 1. 高考应用文（建议信・提升英语听力） 我们需要对不同类型的听力材料进行更有针对性的练习，以准确地找出我们的听力技能中哪些方面需要改进最多。(to determine exactly which aspects of sth…) 应用点：一句话实现 “现状评价→后续行动→行动条件→最终目的”，逻辑严密，内容层层递进，适合应用文的研究结论段、建议补充。 We need to do more targeted practice with different types of listening materials to figure out precisely which aspects of our listening skills need the most improvement. THANK YOU 感谢各位的聆听 $