专题04 完形填空（复习讲义）（上海专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

该高中英语完形填空复习讲义围绕句内、句组、语篇层次理解及词汇语义与语境微观考查等核心考点，按宏观命题焦点到微观语境逻辑的架构组织知识点，通过考情精解、考点攻坚、真题训练等环节，帮助学生建立完形填空解题框架，突破实词辨析与语境匹配难点，体现复习的系统性和针对性。 资料立足26年各区一模命题趋势，聚焦社会热点题材与语境逻辑适配，创新采用分层突破策略，如语篇层次题通过主旨把控选择“walkable”等主题相关词，培养学生思维品质与语言能力。设置真题透视、考点总结及命题预测，助力教师精准把控复习节奏，高效提升学生应考能力。

专题04 完形填空 目录 01 析·考情精解 2 02 构·知能架构 3 03 破·考点攻坚 4 考点一 从命题的焦点层次宏观考查 4 考向1 考查句内层次理解 7 考向2 考查句组层次理解 8 考向3 考查语篇层次理解 9 考点二 从词汇语义及上下文语境微观考查 12 考向1 考查语义复现 13 考向2 考查作者态度或感情色彩 15 考向3 考查前后逻辑关系及上语境暗示线索 17 考向4 考查依据首句线索及上下文语境，紧扣主题选择 19 考向5考查词汇词义差异及词组辨析 20 26年各区一模命题透视 题材聚焦社会热点（数字游民、15 分钟城市）、健康科技（心脏再生、昆虫减少）、生活理念（积极心态、厨房科学），贴近现实；语篇以记叙文、说明文为主，逻辑严密，侧重上下文关联；考查核心为实词辨析与语境逻辑匹配，兼顾词汇深度与语篇理解能力。 26年各区一模考点总结 1. 句内项（聚焦单句语境与词汇运用） · 实词辨析：核心考查动词（如 “sustain” 维持、“adopt” 采用、“reveal” 揭示）、名词（如 “risk” 风险、“purpose” 目标、“proximity” 邻近性）、形容词（如 “reliable” 可靠的、“critical” 严峻的、“inconsistent” 矛盾的）、副词（如 “consistently” 持续地、“unintentionally” 意外地、“systematically” 系统地），侧重 “语境适配” 而非单纯词义记忆。 · 固定搭配与习惯表达：动词短语（“trade...for...” 用…… 换取、“take advantage of” 利用、“pin down” 确定）、介词短语（“in response to” 作为回应、“by contrast” 相比之下、“in favor of” 支持）、名词短语（“sunk cost” 沉没成本、“mental toughness” 心理韧性），需熟练掌握短语在语境中的运用。 · 句内逻辑：通过连词或逻辑词体现因果（so、thus）、让步（though、despite）、转折（but、however）等关系，需根据单句语义判断适配词（如 “尽管有风险，但仍坚持” 选 “continue” 而非 “avoid”）。 2. 句际项（侧重相邻句子逻辑关联） · 逻辑连接词：转折类（however、yet）、因果类（therefore、as a result）、递进类（additionally、furthermore）、对比类（on the contrary、by contrast），需结合前后句语义方向选择（如前文讲优势、后文讲挑战，用 “yet” 衔接）。 · 指代与呼应：代词（it、they、this）指代前文名词或句子（如 “this shift” 指代 “科学与烹饪结合的趋势”）、同义词 / 近义词呼应（如 “loss” 与 “decrease”、“positive” 与 “optimistic”），需准确匹配指代对象。 · 动作 / 状态承接：前后句动作或状态的顺承（如 “发现问题→研究问题→解决问题”）、转折（如 “理论优势→实际挑战”），需选择符合逻辑流向的词汇（如 “提出理论→验证理论→推广应用” 选 “spread”“achieve” 等词）。 3. 语篇项（立足全文主旨与整体逻辑） · 主旨适配：选项需贴合全文核心话题（如 “15 分钟城市” 主题下，优先选 “walkable”“multifunctional” 等相关词汇；“积极心态” 主题下，多选 “gratitude”“engagement” 等正向词汇），排除偏离主旨的干扰项。 · 逻辑主线把控：把握全文情感基调（正向 / 负向）、叙事 / 说明线索（时间顺序、问题 - 解决方案），选择符合主线发展的词汇（如 “问题 - 对策” 线索中，“挑战” 后选 “solve”“address” 等词）。 · 语篇结构呼应：首尾呼应（如开头提 “数字游民趋势”，结尾选 “redefine work” 呼应）、段落主题词重复（如 “mercury pollution” 相关文章反复出现 “poisonous”“restrict”“reduce” 等词），需结合全文结构判断选项。 2026高考 命题预测 题材：延续社会热点、健康科技、生活理念方向，新增 AI 对生活的影响、环保升级等贴近时代的话题。 考点：核心不变，句内项仍以实词辨析和固定搭配为主，句际项强化逻辑连接词与指代呼应，语篇项更注重主旨把控与逻辑主线一致性。 趋势：语境复杂度提升，干扰项更具迷惑性（如近义词需结合语篇逻辑区分），语篇连贯性要求更高，需整体把握全文后再做选择。 考点一 从命题的焦点层次宏观考查 （2026年嘉定区一模） If all that doesn’t work, there is another idea: choose an app to _____34_____ your various subscriptions and background spending so you can better control your finances. Oh, wait a minute! I have to remind you that they are _____35_____ services, of course. 35. A. excellent B. free C. essential D. chargeable 【答案】 35. D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我得提醒您，这些服务是收费的，这是毫无疑问的。A. excellent出色的；B. free自由的；C. essential重要的；D. chargeable收费的。作者调侃这类监控应用本身也是收费服务，chargeable（收费的）符合语境的幽默转折。故选D。 命题解读 新考法：命题紧扣全文 “隐性订阅支出（background spending）” 的核心主题，通过结尾幽默转折考查对语篇主旨的呼应。全文围绕 “自动扣费的订阅服务导致财务失控” 展开，前文建议 “用应用监控订阅支出”，此处 “提醒监控服务本身也收费”，既符合 “隐性支出普遍” 的宏观语境，又通过反讽强化主题，要求考生跳出局部句子，关联全文核心话题作答。 新角度：该考点不再局限于局部句群逻辑，而是聚焦语篇主旨、核心逻辑链或跨段落语义关联，要求考生整体把握文章结构与主题方向，体现 “宏观把控” 的新命题趋势。 知识点1 句内层次题： 解题信息分布在本句内部，瞻前顾后，左顾右盼，边读边填。调整思维方式，理清上下文之间的逻辑关系，在充分把握语境的基础上，辨析词语，进一步把握作者的观点、态度，找到正确答案。 1．利用句内语法结构或对应成分分析法解题 完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。 2. 利用句内词汇线索暗示分析法解题 解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文章的前提下，利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接做答。对于此类题目，可边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。正确答案必须有逻辑衔接关系或上下文等提示依据，如并列（同义词、近义词）、转折（反义词）、递进等。 3.利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题 完形填空中经常会考查一些固定结构、固定句式，这时就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。这个技巧主要指惯用搭配，讲究词与词的搭配，涉及到关联词、动词、副词、形容词、名词和短语等。 知识点2 句组层次题： 比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需前瞻后顾，综合意群信息解答。即：本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。 1．利用语义复现解题 复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现现象来选择正确的答案。 2． 利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题 在完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案或根据作者对人物或事情的褒贬性排除干扰做出正确的选择。 3．利用逻辑关系解题 在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯穿全文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列举、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。 知识点3 语篇层次题： 语篇层次题的解答必须立足于整个语篇，因此在解题时对这类题目不能急于解答，要跨越段落，顺藤摸瓜，仔细比对，最终得出答案。具体来说，可以利用以下方法解答此类题目。 1. 利用总分结构或对比结构分析法解题 完形填空往往采用总分对照结构，总述是对分述的总结和概括，而分述是对总述的展开和详述，两者之间有着明确的相互支撑、相互印证的对照关系。总分对照结构可以为我们提供重要的解题线索。 对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。对比结构可以为我们提供重要的解题线索。 2. 利用逻辑关系解题 在语篇层次题中，利用逻辑关系也是一种重要解题方法。完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯穿全文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列举、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。此方法是通过分析未知填空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语，二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。 考向一：[句内层次题] 句内层次题的解题线索主要集中在句子内部，选项的正确与否取决于对句子结构、语法、词汇搭配等的理解。解题线索分布在句中。这类题目通常聚焦考查词汇的用法、固定搭配、语法结构等。 （2026年虹口区一模） The word ‘habits’ gets thrown around a lot.Your doctor encourages you to get into the ‘good habit’ of eating five portions of fruit and vegetables a day; your friend ____21____ their ‘bad habit’ of checking social media before bed; maybe you once had a music teacher who kept on at you to practise your finger exercises until they ‘feel ____22____,. 22. A. exhausting B. worrying C. habitual D. imperfect 【答案】22. C 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也许你曾经有一位音乐老师一直督促你练习手指练习，直到它们“感觉习惯为止”。A. exhausting令人疲惫的；B. worrying令人担心的；C. habitual习惯的；D. imperfect不完美的。根据上文“maybe you once had a music teacher who kept on at you to practise your finger exercises until they ‘feel ”和下文“not everything you do, or want to do, frequently or regularly, is 3 　 a habit”可知，并非你经常或定期做的、或想做的每一件事都必然是一种习惯，本文谈论的是“习惯”。老师督促练习的目的是让动作成为习惯，此处指练习到感觉习惯为止。故选C。 【分析】 空格所在句的逻辑核心是 “老师督促练习手指动作，直到达到某种状态”。句中 “until” 引导条件状语，结合 “practise your finger exercises” 的目的 —— 让动作形成习惯，“habitual（习惯性的）” 与 “practise” 形成动作与结果的句内逻辑，无需额外上下文即可判断，属于句内层次理解。 （2026年宝山区一模） Mercury, an elemental metal that exists in liquid form at room temperature, occurs naturally in the environment. Metallic mercury occurs primarily in the earth’s crust but can be ____21____ into the atmosphere by human activities, such as burning rubbish or coal and gold mining. 21. A. directed B. released C. switched D. revealed 【答案】21. B 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：金属汞主要存在于地壳中，但也会因人类活动（如焚烧垃圾、燃烧煤炭以及金矿开采）而释放到大气中。A. directed指导；B. released释放；C. switched转换；D. revealed揭露。根据后文“by human activities, such as burning rubbish or coal and gold mining”可知，金属汞会通过焚烧垃圾、燃煤、 金矿开采等人类活动被排放到大气中。release into表示“释放、排放到……中”，故选B。 【分析】 句子内部明确 “人类活动（焚烧垃圾、燃煤、金矿开采）” 与 “汞进入大气” 的关系，“released（释放）” 与 “into the atmosphere” 构成固定搭配，且符合 “人类活动排放污染物” 的句内语义逻辑，仅通过本句的动宾搭配和方式状语即可得出答案。 （2026年崇明区一模） Drier weather in the U.S. West, driven by climate change, means less milkweed for butterflies to ____29____, Wagner said. And changes in American agriculture ____30____ weeds and flowers they need for nectar (花蜜). 29. A. eat B. anchor C. conserve D. value 【答案】29. A 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：瓦格纳说，气候变化导致的美国西部天气干燥，意味着可供蝴蝶食用的乳草减少了。A. eat吃；B. anchor固定；C. conserve保护；D. value重视。根据上文“less milkweed for butterflies to”可知，此处指可供蝴蝶食用的乳草。故选A。 【分析】 句内核心语义为 “干旱导致乳草减少，蝴蝶缺少某种资源”。结合常识和句内逻辑，乳草是蝴蝶的食物来源，“for butterflies to eat” 直接构成 “名词 + 不定式” 的句内搭配关系，无需依赖前后文即可判断答案。 考向二：[句组层次题]　 句组层次理解题需要结合空格所在句与相邻 1-2 句（句组）的逻辑关系（如转折、因果、举例、对比）或语义关联，答案需通过分析句间衔接信息得出，核心信息集中在局部句群内。解题线索分布在上句，下句和本句之中。谨记“上看一句下看一句中间看一句（瞻前顾后）”，并根据逻辑意思、句法分析、固定搭配、排除法、词汇复现、逻辑关系、背景常识等方法瞻前顾后、耐心作答。 （2026年静安区一模） The FSI also reports that languages more ____28____ to their own, like Spanish or French, can be learned relatively quickly — often in about 24-30 weeks. ____29____ languages with significant cultural differences from English, such as Greek or Russian, generally require about 44 weeks. 29. A. In essence B. By contrast C. In addition D. To some extent 【答案】 29. B 【29题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：相比之下，与英语有显著文化差异的语言，如希腊语或俄语，通常需要大约44周的时间。A. In essence本质上；B. By contrast相比之下；C. In addition此外；D. To some extent在某种程度上。前文“like Spanish or French, can be learned relatively quickly — often in about 24-30 weeks.”与后文“languages with significant cultural differences from English, such as Greek or Russian, generally require about 44 weeks”把两种情况进行了对比。故选B项。 【分析】 空格前一句为 “与英语相似的语言（如西班牙语、法语）可在 24-30 周学会”，空格后为 “与英语文化差异大的语言需 44 周”，两句形成 “相似 vs 差异” 的对比逻辑。句组内的对比关系是解题关键，“By contrast（相比之下）” 作为衔接词，需通过相邻两句的语义对比得出，属于句组层次理解。 （2026年黄浦区一模） Nobody likes being a hypocrite. Yet, ____25____ it’s impossible to always act consistently, because different situations may require different responses. Take parenting, for example. You may reasonably lecture your teenager on the dangers of drinking too much, yet you did exactly that on occasion when you were in college. 25. A. after all B. as a result C. in reality D. what’s more 【答案】 25. C 【25题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：然而，事实上，要始终做到言行一致是不可能的，因为不同的情况可能需要不同的回应。A. after all毕竟；B. as a result结果；C. in reality实际上；D. what’s more而且。根据后文“it’s impossible to always act consistently, because different situations may require different responses”可知，后文说明实际情况是很难做到言行一致，in reality用于引出客观事实，符合语境。故选C。 【分析】 空格前一句为 “没人喜欢虚伪”，空格后为 “言行一致不可能，因不同情况需不同回应”，句组内形成 “普遍认知 vs 客观事实” 的转折关联。“in reality（实际上）” 用于引出与前文认知相反的客观情况，需通过相邻两句的语义转折得出答案，属于句组层次理解。 考向三：【语篇层次题】 语篇层次理解题需要结合全文主题、主旨思想、作者态度或跨段落的语义关联，答案无法仅通过单个句子或局部句组得出，需整体把握文章核心逻辑和话题方向。 语篇层次题要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。这类题难度较大，一篇完形填空中，大约有2～3道此类题。不急于解答，读完全文后综合思维再做判定。解题线索分布在某一段或几段相隔，甚至全篇，距离较远，更需瞻前顾后，谨记“文中无废句，句中无闲词”，并根据逻辑意思、句法分析、固定搭配、排除法、词汇复现、逻辑关系、背景常识等方法瞻前顾后、合理推断、耐心作答。 （2026年嘉定区一模） If all that doesn’t work, there is another idea: choose an app to _____34_____ your various subscriptions and background spending so you can better control your finances. Oh, wait a minute! I have to remind you that they are _____35_____ services, of course. 35. A. excellent B. free C. essential D. chargeable 【答案】 35. D 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我得提醒您，这些服务是收费的，这是毫无疑问的。A. excellent出色的；B. free自由的；C. essential重要的；D. chargeable收费的。作者调侃这类监控应用本身也是收费服务，chargeable （收费的）符合语境的幽默转折。故选D。 【分析】 全文核心话题为 “隐性订阅支出（background spending）”，即各类服务的自动扣费问题。前文建议 “用应用监控订阅支出”，此处通过 “of course” 呼应全文 “隐性支出普遍” 的主题 —— 监控这类服务本身也会收费，需结合全文 “订阅服务多为收费” 的核心逻辑得出答案，属于语篇层次理解。 （2026年普陀区一模） I feel lucky to be cooking at a time when people like Mr. López-Alt are conducting such fun kitchen experiments. Yet it’s also true that ____34____ can never tell the whole story of cooking. A great meal is not just a combination of chemicals and physical processes. It is also a reflection of culture and family and the craft of the people who ____35____ before us. 34. A. writers B. science C. cooks D. evolution 【答案】 34. B 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，同样正确的是，科学永远无法讲述烹饪的全部故事。A. writers作家；B. science科学；C. cooks厨师；D. evolution进化。全文在讨论科学与烹饪的关系，与后文“A great meal is not just a combination of chemicals and physical processes”形成对比，强调“科学”无法涵盖烹饪的全部内涵。故选B项。 【分析】 全文围绕 “烹饪与科学的关系” 展开，前文论述 “科学能提升烹饪效果”，后文转折强调 “美食还承载文化、家庭传承”。空格需呼应全文核心话题 “科学与烹饪”，结合 “not tell the whole story” 的转折逻辑，“science（科学）” 是全文贯穿的核心话题，需整体把握语篇主题方向得出答案。 （2026年闵行区一模） Whether it gets called the 15-Minute City or something slightly different, cities around the world are ____34____ proximity and reversing the damage from the age of the car. Moreno’s book is an excellent introduction to why this is necessary and how it can be ____35____, grounded in real cities that are benefiting from the transformation. 34. A. sacrificing B. admiring C. rediscovering D. reevaluating 【答案】 34. C 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论人们将其称为“十五分钟城市”还是其他稍有不同的名称，世界各地的城市都在重新重视近距离生活模式，并努力修复汽车时代造成的破坏。A. sacrificing牺牲；B. admiring欣赏；C. rediscovering重新发现；D. reevaluating重新评估。根据下文“proximity and reversing the damage from the age of the car”可知，世界各地的城市都在重新发掘“邻近性”的价值，扭转汽车时代带来的弊端。rediscovering 表示“重新发现”，呼应开头“In the past, all cities were 15-minute cities”提到的过去的城市都是15分钟城市的内容。故选C。 【分析】 全文主旨为 “15 分钟城市” 理念的回归 —— 过去城市以步行可达为核心，机动交通出现后城市扩张，如今重新重视 “邻近性（proximity）”。空格需体现 “重新重视” 的语义，结合全文 “回归步行可达” 的核心主题，“rediscovering（重新发现）” 呼应前文 “过去城市都是 15 分钟城市” 的背景，需整体把握语篇主旨得出答案。 考点二 从词汇语义及上下文语境微观考查 （2026年黄浦区一模） And here’s some good news: People who notice their own hypocritical behavior often are motivated to change because the ____35____ of advocating for something but not actually doing it makes people very uncomfortable. Rather than feeling ashamed about our hypocrisy, we should welcome the opportunity to learn to do better next time. 35. A. avoidance B. disagreement C. ignorance D. resolution 【答案】 35. B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这里有一些好消息：那些注意到自己虚伪行为的人通常会受到激励去改变，因为主张某事但实际上不去做的矛盾让人们非常不舒服。A. avoidance避免；B. disagreement不一致，矛盾；C. ignorance无知；D. resolution决心。根据后文“of advocating for something but not actually doing it”可知，这是一种言行上的矛盾，这种矛盾让人们非常不舒服。故选B。 命题解读 新考法：命题跳出词汇本义，聚焦 “语境语义逻辑”。前文核心是 “虚伪即言行不一致”，空格后 “主张某事却不行动” 正是 “言行矛盾” 的具体体现，需结合 “虚伪” 的定义语境选择 “disagreement（矛盾、不一致）”，而非依赖词汇固定搭配。考生需精准捕捉上下文语义关联，而非单纯记忆词义。 新角度：该考点侧重词汇在具体语境中的精准运用，打破 “固定搭配至上” 的传统考查模式，新增 “语义逻辑适配”“语境情感匹配” 等新角度，要求考生结合上下文细微语义差异辨析词汇。 知识点1 利用词汇复现解题 由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，它往往要围绕一个话题论述，因此行文中词语的重复、替代或同现的现象是不可避免的，即某一词常常以原词、同义词或近义词以及其它形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。根据这一原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现的相关词，考生可以这些词之间的有机联系来决定答案。 知识点2 利用作者情感态度来解题 第一遍通读时，应在掌握文章大意，弄清作者思路的基础上，着重寻找反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子，这些标志性词汇或句子往往对文章的语境褒贬性起着决定性的作用，因此，我们有时候可以根据作者对人物或事情的褒贬性来排除干扰做出正确的选择。 知识点3 利用上下文逻辑关系解题 完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯穿全文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列举、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。 知识点4 依据语境暗示线索，紧扣主题选择。 完形填空首先考查的就是考生对文章的理解能力。因此考生在做完形填空时，应把它作为一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇，而不是单项选择。所以利用首句信息解题是处理完形填空中任何问题都必须遵循的步骤，掌握好了首句，有助于抓住文章主旨，因而我们才可以通过上下文确定文章所要前进的方向。 知识点5 利用词汇差异及词组辨析解题 词汇是完形填空的最大的考点,主要是对实义词的考查，如名词，形容词、动词，副词等。上海卷完形填空已经很少从语法结构分析或词汇的固定搭配角度来设置考点，测试要点主要是词意或用法辨析。解答此类题目时考生只需辨别意思即可，而对于同义或近义词，一定要结合上下文内容，根据句意做出判断。有时从单句看．似乎不止只有一个答案。必须结合上下文在含义和用法等多方面加以考虑才能做出选择。 · 考向一: 利用原词复现或同现, 选择最佳选项。  复现是一种语义衔接手段,它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念,使整篇文章上下连贯,有机地衔接在一起因此,考生可根据文章的具体情况,理解文章的结构和语境利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。它包括：1.原词复现；2.同义复现；3.反义复现；4.代词复现等。 原词复现侧重上下文相同词汇 / 同根词重复出现，同现侧重语义相关词汇（如同属 “健康危害”“行为不一致” 范畴）共同出现，可通过词汇关联性锁定答案。 （2026年黄浦区一模） And here’s some good news: People who notice their own hypocritical behavior often are motivated to change because the ____35____ of advocating for something but not actually doing it makes people very uncomfortable. Rather than feeling ashamed about our hypocrisy, we should welcome the opportunity to learn to do better next time. 35. A. avoidance B. disagreement C. ignorance D. resolution 【答案】35. B 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这里有一些好消息：那些注意到自己虚伪行为的人通常会受到激励去改变，因为主张某事但实际上不去做的矛盾让人们非常不舒服。A. avoidance避免；B. disagreement不一致，矛盾；C. ignorance无知；D. resolution决心。根据后文“of advocating for something but not actually doing it”可知，这是一种言行上的矛盾，这种矛盾让人们非常不舒服。故选B。 【分析】 全文围绕 “hypocrisy（虚伪）” 核心，前文多次提及 “fail to practice what we speak”“inconsistency（不一致）” 等语义相关表达，形成 “言行不一” 的语义同现。空格后 “advocating for something but not actually doing it” 正是 “虚伪” 的核心定义 —— 主张某事却不行动，与前文 “inconsistency” 语义呼应，“disagreement（矛盾、不一致）” 符合该语义同现逻辑，故选 B。 （2026年宝山区一模） Although the impact of mercury on the environment has been ____23____ by some industries and individuals, it is a top ten chemical of major health ____24____ according to the WHO. Despite this, the severity of mercury’s poison remains to be fully understood 24. A. requirement B. management C. concern D. decline 【答案】 24. C 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管一些行业和个人对汞对环境的影响存在低估的情况，但根据世界卫生组织的统计数据，汞是十大主要健康威胁物质之一。A. requirement要求；B. management管理；C. concern担心；D. decline下降。根据后文“Despite this, the severity of mercury’s poison remains to be fully understood.(尽管如此，汞的毒性程度仍需进一步全面了解)”可知，汞是世卫组织认定的十大主要健康危害化学品之一。health concern意为“健康隐患、健康关切”。故选C。 【分析】 全文围绕 “汞污染的危害” 展开，前文提及 “mercury’s poison（汞的毒性）”“brain damage and reproductive issues（脑损伤和生殖问题）”，后文也多次强调 “对人类健康和生态的危害”，这些表达均属于 “健康隐患” 语义范畴，形成同现。“health concern（健康关切、健康隐患）” 与该语义群高度契合，且后文 “the severity of mercury’s poison” 进一步印证 “汞是重大健康隐患”，故选 C。 · 考向二：利用辑关系和过渡词，及上下文暗示线索解题。 利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握，就会不无惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是征服完形填空的最佳途径。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈，它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的方法，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。做题时,要充分利用上下文,找到适当的逻辑关系。常考逻辑关系有：并列、转折、递进、对比、因果、让步、例证等。 （2026年静安区一模） The FSI also reports that languages more ____28____ to their own, like Spanish or French, can be learned relatively quickly — often in about 24-30 weeks. ____29____ languages with significant cultural differences from English, such as Greek or Russian, generally require about 44 weeks. 29. A. In essence B. By contrast C. In addition D. To some extent 【答案】 29. B 【29题解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：相比之下，与英语有显著文化差异的语言，如希腊语或俄语，通常需要大约44周的时间。A. In essence本质上；B. By contrast相比之下；C. In addition此外；D. To some extent在某种程度上。前文“like Spanish or French, can be learned relatively quickly — often in about 24-30 weeks.”与后文“languages with significant cultural differences from English, such as Greek or Russian, generally require about 44 weeks”把两种情况进行了对比。故选B项。 【分析】 前文明确 “与英语相似的语言（如西班牙语、法语）需 24-30 周学会”，后文讲 “与英语文化差异大的语言（如希腊语、俄语）需 44 周”，前后为 “相似 vs 差异” 的对比逻辑，“By contrast（相比之下）” 为对比过渡词，故选 B。 （2026年松江区一模） ____28____ the administration set the first-ever national legal limits on six specific PFAS chemicals in drinking water, requiring that water suppliers meet the standard by 2029. 28. A. In response B. By contrast C. After all D. For example 【答案】28. A 【28题解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：为此，政府制定了针对六种特定全氟和多氟化合物的全国性法律限值，要求供水企业于 2029 年前达到相关标准。A. In response作为回应；B. By contrast对比；C. After all毕竟；D. For example例如。上文强调 PFAS 的危害和处理必要性，下文“the administration set the first-ever national legal limits on six specific PFAS chemicals in drinking water, requiring that water suppliers meet the standard by 2029.”提到政府设定首个 PFAS 法定限值，是“作为回应”的举措。故选A。 【分析】 前文强调 “PFAS 广泛存在且危害健康（如引发癌症）”，后文 “政府设定 PFAS 法定限值” 是对前文 “危害” 的应对措施，体现 “问题→应对” 的因果逻辑，“In response（作为回应）” 符合语境，故选 A。 · 考向三：利用作者态度或感情色彩关联，辨析词义。 在完形填空中,我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇,它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索,可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。解答该类问题时，要善于把握与作者的写作态度、感悟色彩相关的词汇，特别是某些形容词、副词。这类题型主观性较强，心理描写较多。属于较难的题目。 （2026年崇明区一模） May Berenbaum of the University of Illinois, who helped lead the research ____24____ the insect losses to climate change 30 years ago. She said back then, the methods used to measure the degree and rate of climate change effects were ____25____ .Berenbaum says another issue is that many people simply ____26____ insects. She added that this is true even though the small creatures do a lot of good. 26. A. study B. pity C. respect D. hate 【答案】26. D 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：贝伦鲍姆说，另一个问题是许多人就是讨厌昆虫。A. study学习；B. pity同情；C. respect尊敬；D. hate讨厌。根据下文“She added that this is true even though the small creatures do a lot of good.”的转折关系可知，此处应填与“益处”相反的负面态度词，指许多人讨厌昆虫。故选D。 【分析】 后文 “even though” 表转折，强调 “昆虫有诸多益处”，可推断前文为负面态度；“hate（讨厌）” 符合 “人们对昆虫的负面情感”，与转折后的 “good” 形成对比，故选 D。 （2026年普陀区一模） Like many people, I grew up convinced that science was the ____26____ of good cooking. For my mother, it meant cheap, industrial food — far from her fresh vegetable soups and slow-cooked beef. Yet, ____27____, she was practicing kitchen science. By cooking meat until it turned brown for a rich flavor and letting it cook long and slow enough to make it soft and juicy, she used simple cooking techniques to create delicious dishes. 26. A. enemy B. companion C. result D. ingredient 【答案】 26. A 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：像许多人一样，我从小深信科学是良好烹饪的敌人。A. enemy敌人；B. companion同伴；C. result结果；D. ingredient成分。根据后文解释“For my mother, it meant cheap, industrial food — far from her fresh vegetable soups and slow-cooked beef.”可知，受母亲影响，作者过去认为科学代表着工业化的廉价食物，与好的家常菜对立，因此是“敌人”。故选A项。 【分析】 后文提及母亲认为 “科学代表廉价工业食品，与新鲜家常菜对立”，体现对 “科学与烹饪结合” 的负面态度，“enemy（敌人）” 符合 “对立、负面” 的感情色彩，故选 A。 · 考向四：依据首句线索及语境暗示，紧扣主题选择。 完形首句通常点明文章核心主题，需结合首句线索及上下文语境，选择与主题一致的选项。首句通常是文章的主题句，便于考生对短文主题、内容或背景有个大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供时间、地点、人物、事件、论点等有用的信息。把握了主题句, 对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。 暗示与上下文语境对应的思维方法，是突破此类完形填空最关键的思维方式。考生在做题时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，做题时要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处前后通常多有暗示，这种暗示多为后面暗示前面。 （2026年闵行区一模） In the past, all cities were 15-minute cities, designed to be entirely accessible on foot, where proximity — being close in distance — was a necessity. Citizens would naturally expect to find their work, their homes and the markets within a ____21____ distance. 21. A. walkable B. measurable C. comfortable D. reasonable 【答案】21. A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：市民们自然会期望他们的工作场所、住所以及商业区都在步行可达的范围内。A. walkable可步行的；B. measurable显著的；C. comfortable舒适的；D. reasonable合理的。上文“In the past, all cities were 15-minute cities, designed to be entirely accessible on foot, where proximity — being close in distance — was a necessity.(过去，所有的城市都是“十五分钟城市”，其设计初衷是让人们完全能够步行到达各个地方，这里强调的“接近性”——即距离上的接近性——是必不可少的条件)”提到过去的城市是“15分钟城市”，可步行抵达是核心特点。walkable distance表示“步行可达的距离”，符合“工作、住所和市场都在附近”的语境。故选A。 【分析】 首句点明 “过去的城市是 15 分钟步行可达城市（all cities were 15-minute cities, designed to be entirely accessible on foot）”，主题为 “城市步行便利性”，“walkable（可步行的）” 与首句 “accessible on foot” 完全匹配，故选 A。 （2026年静安区一模） It’s long been thought that the earlier you learn new skills, the easier they are to ____21____. That’s part of the reason why early childhood was once considered the best time to be ____22____ to a second language. But whether that holds true has been heavily debated in the scientific community. 21. A. set off B. hold out C. pick up D. make for 【答案】21. C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：长期以来，人们一直认为，学习新技能越早，就越容易掌握。A. set off出发；B. hold out坚持；C. pick up(不费力地)获得，学会；D. make for走向，导致。根据后文“That’s part of the reason why early childhood was once considered the best time to be 2 to a second language.”可知，人们认为儿童时期是学习第二语言的最佳时期，而前文为这一观点提供了理论支撑，即学习新技能越早，就越容易掌握。故选C项。 【分析】 首句核心为 “学习新技能越早，掌握越容易”，全文围绕 “语言学习年龄与效果” 展开，“pick up（不费力地学会）” 与 “learn new skills” 直接呼应，符合 “技能学习” 的主题，故选 C。 · 考向五：注意同形词差异及词组辨析。 同形词差异指词性相同但含义迥异的词汇（如同为动词的 “decode/clarify”），词组辨析指含义易混淆的固定搭配 / 短语，（如 “set off/pick up”），需结合语境精准区分核心语义。在完形填空练习中，要多读多练，积累词汇和词组知识，同时注重语境的理解和分析，这样才能更好地应对同形词差异和词组辨析的问题。 （2026年杨浦区一模） Marketing professor Christopher Olivola points to a few ways that the sunk cost effect is tied to your wallet. You might sit through the entirety of a movie that you ____22____ from the beginning, for instance, if only to justify the cost of the ticket. Similarly, you might ____23____ hitting the gym, even after sustaining a painful injury, if your expensive membership is nonrefundable. 23. A. postpone B. avoid C. continue D. imagine 【答案】23. C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同样，如果你的昂贵会员资格不可退款，即使受了伤，你可能也会继续去健身房。A. postpone推迟；B. avoid避免；C. continue继续；D. imagine想象。根据前文“You might sit through the entirety of a movie that you _____ from the beginning, for instance, if only to justify the cost of the ticket.”和“Similarly”可推知，人们会为了让票价值得而坚持看完一部从一开始就不喜欢的电影，同样，为了让健身房会费值得，即使受伤，人们也会“继续”去健身房。故选C项。 【分析】 四个选项均为动词，核心语义差异显著。结合 “沉没成本效应” 的定义 ——“基于无法收回的投入坚持糟糕决策”，以及前文 “sit through the entirety of a movie you hated（强忍看完不喜欢的电影）” 的类比逻辑，此处应体现 “即使受伤，仍因不可退款的会员费坚持去健身房”，“continue” 符合 “坚持原有行为” 的语境，而 “postpone（推迟）”“avoid（避免）”“imagine（想象）” 均与 “沉没成本效应” 的核心行为逻辑相悖，故选 C。 （2026年奉贤区一模） Scientists cannot travel back to the Big Bang, an event lost to the deep past of 13.8 billion years. Yet, the universe itself is a time capsule. According to inflation theory, the Big Bang sent waves spreading through the fabric of spacetime, preserving clues that scientists can still ____27____ today. 27. A. overlook B. project C. decode D. clarify 【答案】 27. C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据宇宙膨胀理论，大爆炸时产生的波在时空结构中传播开来，留下了可供科学家至今解读的线索。A. overlook忽视；B. project预计；C. decode破译，解读；D. clarify澄清。根据上文“According to inflation theory, the Big Bang sent waves spreading through the fabric of spacetime, preserving clues that scientists can still”可知，科学家从时空波中解读宇宙起源的线索。故选C。 【分析】 四个选项均为动词，语义差异明显，需结合 “宇宙大爆炸留下线索” 的语境辨析。空格宾语是 “clues（线索）”，“线索” 需要 “解读” 才能获取信息，“decode” 侧重 “破译复杂信息、解读线索”，符合 “科学家从时空波中提取宇宙起源信息” 的科研语境；“overlook（忽视）” 与 “科研探索线索” 逻辑矛盾，“project（预计）”“clarify（澄清）” 均不与 “clues” 构成合理搭配（澄清的是 “疑问”，而非 “线索”），故选 C。 【语篇训练】 Passage 1 【来源】2026年上海市普通高等学校招生招生考试模拟英语试题（未来教研之星标准学术能力测试） Early Schooling and the emergence of a Gender Gap in Mathematics Although boys and girls 1 similar cognitive abilities in early childhood, especially in basic number and spatial 2 , gender differences in mathematics achievement often emerge later. A recent large-scale study conducted in France has shed new light on when and how this 3 begins. Researchers analyzed data from over 2.6 million students from first to second grade over a four-year period. At the start of 4 education, boys and girls performed nearly 5 in mathematics. However, just four months after entering first grade, a small but 6 gap appeared, favoring boys. By the beginning of second grade, the gap had widened further. This trend was observed across all school types, socio-economic levels, and geographic regions, suggesting a systemic phenomenon. The findings also 7 that the gap correlates more with time spent in school than with age, indicating that the school environment plays a crucial role in its development. The researchers 8 that this disparity is unlikely to reflect inherent differences in ability. 9 , social and educational factors — such as teacher 10 , classroom dynamics, and stereotype internalization — may be responsible. For instance, previous studies have shown that teachers often attribute boys’ math success to talent, while girls’ success is linked to effort. Additionally, girls tend to 11 higher levels of math anxiety, especially under pressure. More than 76% of girls in the research claimed they were under much stress. In contrast to mathematics, a 12 performance gap — favoring girls — was already present before school entry and remained relatively stable, showing less influence from classroom instruction. These findings highlight the importance of early educational 13 . Promoting gender-equitable teaching practices, presenting diverse role models in STEM fields, and 14 math anxiety in young students could help reduce the gender gap before it becomes entrenched. By recognizing that such differences begin during the first year of schooling, educators and policymakers may take timely action to foster more 15 and supportive learning environments for all children. 1．A．have B．display C．cultivate D．increase 2．A．reasoning B．imagining C．thinking D．observing 3．A．development B．phenomenon C．disparity D．transformation 4．A．intermediate B．further C．formal D．routine 5．A．distinctly B．outstandingly C．poorly D．identically 6．A．significant B．obvious C．unusual D．surprising 7．A．challenged B．presumed C．restated D．revealed 8．A．assume B．propose C．oppose D．prove 9．A．Therefore B．Instead C．Meanwhile D．Nevertheless 10．A．requirements B．perspectives C．expectations D．affection 11．A．present B．face C．report D．tackle 12．A．music B．debating C．painting D．language 13．A．activities B．interventions C．supervisions D．trainings 14．A．addressing B．discovering C．recognizing D．improving 15．A．helpful B．friendly C．harmonious D．inclusive 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．B 10．C 11．C 12．D 13．B 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍早期学校教育中数学学科性别差异的出现时间、成因及缩小该差异的针对性举措。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管男孩和女孩在幼儿期展现出相似的认知能力，尤其是在基础的数字和空间推理方面，但数学成绩的性别差异往往会在后期显现。A. have拥有；B. display展现；C. cultivate培养；D. increase增加。根据后文“similar cognitive abilities in early childhood”以及“gender differences in mathematics achievement often emerge later”的对比可知，幼儿期男孩女孩会“展现”相似的认知能力。故选B项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管男孩和女孩在幼儿期展现出相似的认知能力，尤其是在基础的数字和空间推理方面，但数学成绩的性别差异往往会在后期显现。A. reasoning推理；B. imagining想象；C. thinking思考；D. observing观察。根据前文“basic number and spatial”以及数学学科所需的能力可知，此处指“空间推理”能力。故选A项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近一项在法国开展的研究为这种差异开始的时间和方式带来了新的启示。A. development发展；B. phenomenon现象；C. disparity差异；D. transformation转变。根据前文“gender differences in mathematics achievement”可知，研究探讨的是数学成绩的性别“差异”。故选C项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在正式入学之初，男孩和女孩的数学表现几乎完全相同。A. intermediate中间的；B. further进一步的；C. formal正式的；D. routine常规的。根据前文“data from over 2.6 million students from first to second grade”可知，研究对象是一、二年级学生，此处指“正式”入学阶段。故选C项。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在正式入学之初，男孩和女孩的数学表现几乎完全相同。A. distinctly明显地；B. outstandingly杰出地；C. poorly糟糕地；D. identically相同地。根据后文“However, just four months after entering first grade, a small but  ____6____  gap appeared, favoring boys”可知，前后文之间为转折关系，由此可知，入学初期男女生表现“相同”。故选D项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，入学仅四个月后，一个虽小但显著的差距就出现了，且男孩表现更优。A. significant显著的；B. obvious明显的；C. unusual不寻常的；D. surprising令人惊讶的。根据后文“By the beginning of second grade, the gap had widened further”可知，这个小差距是“显著的”，并会进一步扩大。故选A项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究结果还显示，这种差距与在校时间的关联比与年龄的关联更大，这表明学校环境在差距的形成过程中起着关键作用。A. challenged挑战；B. presumed假定；C. restated重申；D. revealed显示。根据前文“The findings”可知，此处指研究结果“显示”的结论。故选D项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员提出，这种差异不太可能反映出能力上的固有差别。A. assume假定；B. propose提出；C. oppose反对；D. prove证明。根据后文“social and educational factors — such as teacher ____10____, classroom dynamics, and stereotype internalization — may be responsible.”可知，这是研究人员“提出”的看法。故选B项。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，社会和教育因素——如教师的期望、课堂动态以及刻板印象的内化——可能是问题的根源。A. Therefore因此；B. Instead相反；C. Meanwhile同时；D. Nevertheless然而。根据前文“unlikely to reflect inherent differences in ability”和后文“classroom dynamics, and stereotype internalization”中的社会教育因素的对比可知，此处用“相反”表转折。故选B项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，社会和教育因素——如教师的期望、课堂动态以及刻板印象的内化——可能是问题的根源。A. requirements要求；B. perspectives观点；C. expectations期望；D. affection喜爱。根据后文“teachers often attribute boys’ math success to talent, while girls’ success is linked to effort”可知，这体现了教师对男女生的不同“期望”。故选C项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，女孩往往表现出更高程度的数学焦虑，尤其是在压力之下。A. present呈现；B. face面对；C. report报告、表现出；D. tackle处理。根据前文“girls tend to”以及后文“higher levels of math anxiety”可知，女孩更容易“表现出”数学焦虑。故选C项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与数学相反，语言表现差距——偏向女孩——在入学前就已经存在，并且保持相对稳定，显示出课堂教学的影响较小。A. music音乐；B. debating辩论；C. painting绘画；D. language语言。根据后文“showing less influence from classroom instruction”以及与前文“In contrast to mathematics”可知，此处与数学学科进行对比，由此可知，此处指“语言”能力。故选D项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些发现凸显了早期教育干预的重要性。A. activities活动；B. interventions干预；C. supervisions监督；D. trainings培训。根据后文“Promoting gender-equitable teaching practices, presenting diverse role models in STEM fields, and ____14____ math anxiety in young students could help reduce the gender gap”可知，此处指早期教育“干预”。故选B项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：推行性别平等的教学方法、展示科学、技术、工程和数学领域多元的榜样以及解决低龄学生的数学焦虑问题，都有助于在性别差距根深蒂固之前缩小它。A. addressing解决；B. discovering发现；C. recognizing识别；D. improving改善。根据后文“math anxiety in young students”可知，此处指“解决”数学焦虑问题。故选A项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过认识到这种差异始于入学第一年，教育工作者和政策制定者或许能及时采取行动，为所有儿童营造更具包容性和支持性的学习环境。A. helpful有帮助的；B. friendly友好的；C. harmonious和谐的；D. inclusive包容的。根据前文“for all children”可知，此处指营造“包容的”学习环境。故选D项。 Passage 2 【来源】上海市2025-2026学年高三上学期12月春考适应性调研卷英语试题 Public discussion of screen time tends to begin with children. Parents complain about phones replacing books, teachers worry about shrinking attention spans, and researchers, among them Jonathan Haidt, warn of long-term psychological effects. These concerns have led to 1 calls for limits on young people’s online behaviour. What is rarely questioned, 2 , is whether the group attracting the most attention is also the one spending the most time in front of screens. 3 this ongoing debate, screen habits have been quietly changing elsewhere. Television has long shaped daily routines in retirement, yet today’s older adults are no longer 4 to a single device. Smartphones, tablets and online platforms have 5 existing habits, often without much notice. What looks like harmless addition gradually becomes 6 , as activities once filling the day are reorganized and give way to digital alternatives that require less effort and planning. This transformation is often 7 , and with good reason. Digital tools offer older people forms of access that become increasingly valuable with age. Messages travel faster than visits, services arrive without 8 effort, and entertainment demands little preparation. These conveniences, taken together, allow older people to adjust their daily routines to changing physical and social conditions. They suggest not dependence but 9 . Yet convenience comes with 10 . Devices used by older adults are commonly linked to financial accounts, turning ease of 11 into potential exposure. At the same time, many retirees rely heavily on online news, where credibility varies widely. As 12 sources are replaced by endless streams of content, 13 becomes harder to secure, even as information grows more easily accessible. The effects of screen use, then, resist simple judgement. Screens can cause 14 while quietly reducing everyday contact. Unlike teenagers, whose online time is shaped by school schedules and parental rules, older adults face few 15 limits. The question is no longer whether screen time is good or bad, but how freedom, risk and responsibility shift when digital habits expand beyond the young. 1．A．household B．sudden C．official D．repeated 2．A．therefore B．meanwhile C．however D．similarly 3．A．Because of B．Away from C．In spite of D．In case of 4．A．bound B．exposed C．attracted D．adapted 5．A．entered B．followed C．replaced D．reshaped 6．A．adjustment B．replacement C．routine D．custom 7．A．questioned B．ignored C．welcomed D．resisted 8．A．mental B．financial C．physical D．social 9．A．adaptation B．convenience C．comfort D．habit 10．A．benefits B．explanations C．conditions D．opportunities 11．A．access B．payment C．service D．management 12．A．approachable B．digital C．regular D．popular 13．A．popularity B．reliability C．possibility D．clarity 14．A．isolation B．boredom C．pressure D．anxiety 15．A．moral B．personal C．social D．external 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．C 11．B 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕屏幕使用时间展开，探讨老年人屏幕使用习惯的变化、带来的便利与风险，指出屏幕使用效果需客观判断。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些担忧导致人们一再呼吁限制年轻人的上网行为。A. household家庭的；B. sudden突然的；C. official官方的；D. repeated重复的。根据前文“Parents complain about phones replacing books, teachers worry about shrinking attention spans, and researchers, among them Jonathan Haidt, warn of long-term psychological effects”可知，对年轻人屏幕使用的担忧由来已久，由此引发的限制呼吁应是反复出现的。故选D。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，很少有人质疑的是，最受关注的群体是否也是在屏幕前花费时间最多的群体。A. therefore因此；B. meanwhile同时；C. however然而；D. similarly类似地。前文讲人们聚焦年轻人屏幕使用并呼吁限制，结合后文“whether the group attracting the most attention is also the one spending the most time in front of screens”可知，前后为转折关系。故选C。 3．考查介词短语辨析。句意：在这场持续的争论之外，其他地方的屏幕使用习惯正悄然发生变化。A. Because of因为；B. Away from远离、在……之外；C. In spite of尽管；D. In case of万一。前文围绕年轻人屏幕使用展开争论，后文转而讲述老年人的屏幕使用习惯，即脱离前文争论的范畴。故选B。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：电视长期以来塑造了退休后的日常生活，但如今的老年人不再局限于单一设备。A. bound受约束的、局限的；B. exposed暴露的；C. attracted被吸引的；D. adapted适应的。根据后文“Smartphones, tablets and online platforms”可知，老年人可使用的电子设备增多，不再只局限于电视这一种设备，be bound to“局限于”符合语境。故选A。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：智能手机、平板电脑和在线平台重塑了现有的习惯，这一点往往未被过多关注。A. entered进入；B. followed跟随；C. replaced取代；D. reshaped重塑。根据后文“as activities once filling the day are reorganized”可知，日常活动被重新安排，即原有习惯被新设备和平台重塑，而非完全取代。故选D。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：看似无害的新增事物逐渐变成了替代品，因为曾经充斥一天的活动被重新安排，让位于更省力、更无需规划的数字替代方案。A. adjustment调整；B. replacement替代；C. routine日常惯例；D. custom习俗。根据前文“Television has long shaped daily routines”及后文活动被重新安排可知，电子设备逐渐成为电视的替代品。故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种转变通常是受欢迎的，这是有充分理由的。A. questioned质疑；B. ignored忽视；C. welcomed欢迎；D. resisted抵制。根据后文“Digital tools offer older people forms of access that become increasingly valuable with age”可知，数字工具能为老年人提供有价值的便利，因此这种转变应是受认可、受欢迎的。故选C。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：信息传递比登门拜访更快，服务无需费力就能送达，娱乐也几乎不需要准备。A. mental精神的；B. financial经济的；C. physical身体的、体力的；D. social社交的。根据上文“Messages travel faster than visits,”可知，数字服务可让他们无需出门奔波，无需付出身体上的努力。故选C。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些便利加在一起，让老年人能够根据不断变化的身体和社会状况调整日常生活。它们体现的不是依赖，而是适应。A. adaptation适应；B. convenience便利；C. comfort舒适；D. habit习惯。根据前文“adjust their daily routines to changing physical and social conditions”可知，此处对应“调整适应”，强调老年人借助数字工具适应变化的状态。故选A。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，便利也是有条件的。A. benefits益处；B. explanations解释；C. conditions条件；D. opportunities机会。根据后文“turning ease of 11 into potential exposure.”可知，数字设备虽带来便利，但也存在潜在的意外状况，即“条件”，故选C。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：老年人使用的设备通常与财务账户关联，这使得便捷的支付变成了潜在的风险暴露。A. access使用、获取；B. payment支付；C. service服务；D. management管理。结合上文“financial accounts”可知，与财务账户关联的应是支付行为，便捷的支付功能可能带来财务风险。故选B。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当常规信息来源被源源不断的内容流取代时，即使信息变得更容易获取，可靠性也更难保证。A. approachable可接近的；B. digital数字的；C. regular常规的、定期的；D. popular受欢迎的。根据前文“many retirees rely heavily on online news, where credibility varies widely”可知，在线新闻可信度不一，相比之下，此前的信息来源应是常规且可信度较高的。故选C。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当常规信息来源被源源不断的内容流取代时，即使信息变得更容易获取，可靠性也更难保证。A. popularity受欢迎度；B. reliability可靠性；C. possibility可能性；D. clarity清晰度。根据前文“credibility varies widely”可知，此处核心话题为信息的可信度，即可靠性。故选B。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：屏幕在悄然减少日常交流的同时，也可能导致孤独感。A. isolation孤独感；B. boredom无聊；C. pressure压力；D. anxiety焦虑。根据后文“reducing everyday contact”可知，使用智能手机的时间，即屏幕时间减少了日常交流，由此推测可造成孤独感。故选A。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与青少年不同，青少年的上网时间受学校日程和父母规定的影响，老年人几乎没有外部限制。A. moral道德的；B. personal个人的；C. social社交的；D. external外部的。根据上文“school schedules and parental rules”可知，这些都是青少年面临的外部限制，而老年人没有此类外部约束。故选D。 Passage 3 【来源】2025 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷） In the scientific field, just as important as raising our voices is how we come together. Progress doesn’t happen 1 ; it’s fueled by cooperation. Like a music band where every instrument plays its part, scientists from different backgrounds harmonize their expertise (专门技术) to create something greater than the 2 of its parts. I’ve witnessed that cooperative power firsthand through an initiative called Native Plant Hub. This initiative brings together local governments, tribal communities, academic institutions, and private landowners. Their 3 mission? Addressing critical shortages in native plant materials to support fire reduction, foreign species control, and habitat restoration across the western United States. It couldn’t have succeeded without the combined expertise of these 4 groups. Each contributes something essential, proving that large-scale conservation efforts don’t happen 5 ; they require long-term investment, cooperation, and commitment. It’s a model for how we should 6 solutions that encourage innovation and transform the world. That’s why I’m so passionate about the CES network — it’s right there in the name: Cooperative Ecosystem Studies. Exchanging knowledge and expertise is the foundation of scientific progress. Through partnerships, improvements emerge that might 7 remain difficult to achieve. For example, a project highlight I’m currently writing looks at the cooperation between University of Oregon researchers and the Park Service to study the cultural landscape of Carlsbad Caverns. When the Service suggested bringing in a cave microbiologist, the university team 8 hadn’t considered the role of microscopic life in preservation. But once involved, the microbiologist’s advice proved 9 . One key moment came when the team faced the 10 of a worsening historic wooden staircase, which had become a habitat for microorganisms. Without precautions(预防措施,), disturbing the structure could have 11 the cave’s delicate ecosystem. Before removing it, the microbiologist proposed covering the staircase to 12 unintended harm. After the successful relocation, the team proposed using projected images to illustrate its former 13 , enabling visitors to appreciate its historical significance. This cooperation — combining scientific expertise with cultural preservation — safeguarded both the cave’s ecological 14 and historical significance. The result is an approach that 15 environmental conservation and cultural preservation, ensuring the long-term protection of our national parks. Too often, scientific research operates separately. But real progress doesn’t come from opposition; it comes from cooperation. 1．A．in time B．under discussion C．for good D．in isolation 2．A．difference B．change C．sum D．management 3．A．respective B．deserted C．transitional D．shared 4．A．diverse B．educational C．foreign D．regional 5．A．slowly B．alongside C．overnight D．properly 6．A．unlock B．skip C．interpret D．classify 7．A．similarly B．otherwise C．altogether D．eventually 8．A．consequently B．regretfully C．fortunately D．initially 9．A．unrealistic B．invaluable C．misleading D．conventional 10．A．establishment B．decoration C．removal D．coverage 11．A．sustained B．replaced C．reformed D．ruined 12．A．cause B．mask C．prevent D．suffer 13．A．presence B．expression C．pollution D．strategy 14．A．supervision B．integrity C．guidance D．occupation 15．A．accesses B．balances C．evaluates D．traces 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．D 9．B 10．C 11．D 12．C 13．A 14．B 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章强调科学进步依赖合作而非孤立，以本土植物中心和洞穴保护项目为例，说明跨领域协作能创造更大价值，实现生态与文化保护的平衡。 1．考查介词短语辨析。句意：进步并非孤立发生；它是合作推动的。A. in time及时；B. under discussion讨论中；C. for good永远；D. in isolation孤立地。根据“it’s fueled by cooperation”和下文“Like a music band where every instrument plays its part, scientists from different backgrounds harmonize their expertise (专门技术) to create something greater than the 　2　 of its parts.(就像一支乐队，每种乐器各司其职，来自不同背景的科学家协调他们的专业知识，创造出比各部分总和更伟大的东西。)”可知，只有相互合作，才能取得进步，所以进步并非是孤立发生的。故选D。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像一支乐队，每种乐器各司其职，来自不同背景的科学家协调他们的专业知识，创造出比各部分总和更伟大的东西。A. difference不同；B. change变化；C. sum总和；D. management管理。根据第1小题可知，合作可以推动进步的产生，所以乐队通过各个乐器的合作配合演奏出的乐曲，要胜于单个乐器的简单相加；同样，来自不同背景的科学家协调融合他们的专业知识所创造出来的东西，也要比单个知识简单相加的总和更伟大。故选C。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的共同使命？A. respective各自的、分别的；B. deserted荒废的；C. transitional过渡的；D. shared共同的。根据上文“This initiative brings together local governments, tribal communities, academic institutions, and private landowners.(这一倡议将地方政府、部落社区、学术机构以及私人土地所有者聚集在一起。)”可知，这里是问的这些聚集着共同的使命。故选D。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有这些不同群体的综合专业知识，它就不会成功。A. diverse不同的、各种各样的；B. educational教育的；C. foreign外国的；D. regional区域的。根据上文“This initiative brings together local governments, tribal communities, academic institutions, and private landowners.(这一倡议将地方政府、部落社区、学术机构以及私人土地所有者聚集在一起。)”可知，成功依赖于这些不同群体的综合的专业知识。故选A。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：每一个都贡献了一些必不可少的东西，证明了大规模的保护工作不是一夜之间就能完成的。A. slowly缓慢地；B. alongside在旁边；C. overnight一夜之间；D. properly适当地、正确地。根据下文“they require long-term investment, cooperation, and commitment.(它们需要长期的投资、合作以及承诺。)”可知，大规模的保护工作是一个长期的过程，所以不是一夜之间就能完成的。故选C。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一个为我们提供应该如何解锁鼓励创新和改变世界的解决方案的范例。A. unlock解锁；B. skip跳过、略过；C. interpret解释；D. classify分类。根据上文“Each contributes something essential, proving that large-scale conservation efforts don’t happen 　　　; they require long-term investment, cooperation, and commitment.(每一个都贡献了一些必不可少的东西，证明了大规模的保护工作不是一夜之间就能完成的；它们需要长期的投资、合作以及承诺。)”和本句中的“innovation and transform”可知，大规模的保护工作需要长期的投资、合作和承诺才能实现，这为如何能找到并实施——即解锁鼓励创新和改变世界的解决方法提供了范例。故选A。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：通过合作，可以产生进步，否则这些进步可能难以实现。A. similarly相似地；B. otherwise否则；C. altogether总共；D. eventually最终。根据上文“Exchanging knowledge and expertise is the foundation of scientific progress.(知识交流与专业互鉴是科学进步的基础。)”可知，相互合作是取得科学进步的基础，否则难以取得进步。故选B。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当公园管理局建议引进洞穴微生物学家时，大学团队最初并没有考虑到微生物在保护中的作用。A. consequently因此、结果；B. regretfully遗憾地、懊悔地；C. fortunately幸运地；D. initially开始、最初。根据下文“But once involved, the microbiologist’s advice proved 　　.(但一旦参与其中，这位微生物学家的建议就被证明是非常宝贵的。)”可知，大学团队应该一开始并没有考虑到微生物在保护中的作用，直到参与其中才发现引进的微生物学家建议的宝贵。故选D。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但一旦参与其中，这位微生物学家的建议就被证明是非常宝贵的。A. unrealistic不切实际的；B. invaluable极宝贵的、无价的；C. misleading误导的；D. conventional惯例的。根据上文“When the Service suggested bringing in a cave microbiologist, the university team 　　 hadn’t considered the role of microscopic life in preservation.(当公园管理局建议引进洞穴微生物学家时，大学团队最初并没有考虑到微生物在保护中的作用。)”可知，两句之间为转折关系，说明公园管理局建议引进洞穴微生物学家时，大学团队一开始并没有考虑到微生物在保护中的作用，但是当微生物学家参与其中后，他所提出的建议应该被证明是非常有效、非常宝贵的。故选B。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个关键时刻到来了，团队面临着拆除一座日益恶化的历史木楼梯的问题，该楼梯已成为微生物的栖息地。A. establishment建立；B. decoration装饰；C. removal移走、清除；D. coverage覆盖、新闻报道。根据下文的“Before removing it,(在拆除它之前)”可知，团队面临的应该是要拆除一座历史木楼梯的问题。故选C。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果没有预防措施，扰乱结构可能会破坏洞穴脆弱的生态系统。A. sustained维持；B. replaced代替；C. reformed改革；D. ruined毁坏、破坏。根据上文的“which had become a habitat for microorganisms(该楼梯已成为微生物的栖息地)”和常识可知，如果没有预防措施，拆除一座日益恶化的、已成为微生物栖息地的历史木楼梯，扰乱了楼梯的结构，很可能会破坏洞穴脆弱的生态系统。故选D。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在拆除它之前，微生物学家建议覆盖楼梯以防止意外伤害。A. cause引起；B. mask掩饰、遮盖；C. prevent阻止、防止；D. suffer遭受。根据第11小题和常识可知，如果不采取预防措施，那么扰乱楼梯结构就很可能会破坏洞穴脆弱的生态系统，所以在拆除前覆盖楼梯，是为了防止意外的伤害。故选C。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：成功搬迁后，团队建议用投影图像来展示其昔日的存在，让游客领略其历史意义。A. presence存在；B. expression表达；C. pollution污染；D. strategy策略。根据句中的“relocation”和“projected images”可知，历史木楼梯已经成功搬走，所以根据团队建议，游客们只能通过投影图像来看到它昔日存在时的全貌。故选A。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种合作将科学专业知识与文化遗产保护结合起来，保障了洞穴的生态完整性和历史意义。A. supervision监督、管理；B. integrity完整性；C. guidance指导；D. occupation职业、占用。根据第11、12小题和上文的“After the successful relocation”可知，历史木楼梯被成功搬迁，并未破坏洞穴的生态系统，所以保障了它的完整性。故选B。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：其结果是一种平衡环境保护和文化保护的方法，确保我们国家公园的长期保护。A. accesses接近、进入；B. balances平衡；C. evaluates评估；D. traces追踪。根据上文“This cooperation—combining scientific expertise with cultural preservation—safeguarded both the cave’s ecological 　　 and historical significance.(这种合作将科学专业知识与文化遗产保护结合起来，保障了洞穴的生态完整性和历史意义。)”可知，这种合作既保护了文化遗产，又保护了生态环境，是一种平衡环境保护和文化保护的方法。故选B。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司6 / 31 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 完形填空 目录 01 析·考情精解 2 02 构·知能架构 3 03 破·考点攻坚 4 考点一 从命题的焦点层次宏观考查 4 考向1 考查句内层次理解 7 考向2 考查句组层次理解 8 考向3 考查语篇层次理解 9 考点二 从词汇语义及上下文语境微观考查 12 考向1 考查语义复现 13 考向2 考查作者态度或感情色彩 15 考向3 考查前后逻辑关系及上语境暗示线索 17 考向4 考查依据首句线索及上下文语境，紧扣主题选择 19 考向5考查词汇词义差异及词组辨析 20 26年各区一模命题透视 题材聚焦社会热点（数字游民、15 分钟城市）、健康科技（心脏再生、昆虫减少）、生活理念（积极心态、厨房科学），贴近现实；语篇以记叙文、说明文为主，逻辑严密，侧重上下文关联；考查核心为实词辨析与语境逻辑匹配，兼顾词汇深度与语篇理解能力。 26年各区一模考点总结 1. 句内项（聚焦单句语境与词汇运用） · 实词辨析：核心考查动词（如 “sustain” 维持、“adopt” 采用、“reveal” 揭示）、名词（如 “risk” 风险、“purpose” 目标、“proximity” 邻近性）、形容词（如 “reliable” 可靠的、“critical” 严峻的、“inconsistent” 矛盾的）、副词（如 “consistently” 持续地、“unintentionally” 意外地、“systematically” 系统地），侧重 “语境适配” 而非单纯词义记忆。 · 固定搭配与习惯表达：动词短语（“trade...for...” 用…… 换取、“take advantage of” 利用、“pin down” 确定）、介词短语（“in response to” 作为回应、“by contrast” 相比之下、“in favor of” 支持）、名词短语（“sunk cost” 沉没成本、“mental toughness” 心理韧性），需熟练掌握短语在语境中的运用。 · 句内逻辑：通过连词或逻辑词体现因果（so、thus）、让步（though、despite）、转折（but、however）等关系，需根据单句语义判断适配词（如 “尽管有风险，但仍坚持” 选 “continue” 而非 “avoid”）。 2. 句际项（侧重相邻句子逻辑关联） · 逻辑连接词：转折类（however、yet）、因果类（therefore、as a result）、递进类（additionally、furthermore）、对比类（on the contrary、by contrast），需结合前后句语义方向选择（如前文讲优势、后文讲挑战，用 “yet” 衔接）。 · 指代与呼应：代词（it、they、this）指代前文名词或句子（如 “this shift” 指代 “科学与烹饪结合的趋势”）、同义词 / 近义词呼应（如 “loss” 与 “decrease”、“positive” 与 “optimistic”），需准确匹配指代对象。 · 动作 / 状态承接：前后句动作或状态的顺承（如 “发现问题→研究问题→解决问题”）、转折（如 “理论优势→实际挑战”），需选择符合逻辑流向的词汇（如 “提出理论→验证理论→推广应用” 选 “spread”“achieve” 等词）。 3. 语篇项（立足全文主旨与整体逻辑） · 主旨适配：选项需贴合全文核心话题（如 “15 分钟城市” 主题下，优先选 “walkable”“multifunctional” 等相关词汇；“积极心态” 主题下，多选 “gratitude”“engagement” 等正向词汇），排除偏离主旨的干扰项。 · 逻辑主线把控：把握全文情感基调（正向 / 负向）、叙事 / 说明线索（时间顺序、问题 - 解决方案），选择符合主线发展的词汇（如 “问题 - 对策” 线索中，“挑战” 后选 “solve”“address” 等词）。 · 语篇结构呼应：首尾呼应（如开头提 “数字游民趋势”，结尾选 “redefine work” 呼应）、段落主题词重复（如 “mercury pollution” 相关文章反复出现 “poisonous”“restrict”“reduce” 等词），需结合全文结构判断选项。 2026高考 命题预测 题材：延续社会热点、健康科技、生活理念方向，新增 AI 对生活的影响、环保升级等贴近时代的话题。 考点：核心不变，句内项仍以实词辨析和固定搭配为主，句际项强化逻辑连接词与指代呼应，语篇项更注重主旨把控与逻辑主线一致性。 趋势：语境复杂度提升，干扰项更具迷惑性（如近义词需结合语篇逻辑区分），语篇连贯性要求更高，需整体把握全文后再做选择。 考点一 从命题的焦点层次宏观考查 （2026年嘉定区一模） If all that doesn’t work, there is another idea: choose an app to _____34_____ your various subscriptions and background spending so you can better control your finances. Oh, wait a minute! I have to remind you that they are _____35_____ services, of course. 35. A. excellent B. free C. essential D. chargeable 命题解读 新考法：命题紧扣全文 “隐性订阅支出（background spending）” 的核心主题，通过结尾幽默转折考查对语篇主旨的呼应。全文围绕 “自动扣费的订阅服务导致财务失控” 展开，前文建议 “用应用监控订阅支出”，此处 “提醒监控服务本身也收费”，既符合 “隐性支出普遍” 的宏观语境，又通过反讽强化主题，要求考生跳出局部句子，关联全文核心话题作答。 新角度：该考点不再局限于局部句群逻辑，而是聚焦语篇主旨、核心逻辑链或跨段落语义关联，要求考生整体把握文章结构与主题方向，体现 “宏观把控” 的新命题趋势。 知识点1 句内层次题： 解题信息分布在本句内部，瞻前顾后，左顾右盼，边读边填。调整思维方式，理清上下文之间的逻辑关系，在充分把握语境的基础上，辨析词语，进一步把握作者的观点、态度，找到正确答案。 1．利用句内语法结构或对应成分分析法解题 完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。 2. 利用句内词汇线索暗示分析法解题 解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文章的前提下，利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接做答。对于此类题目，可边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。正确答案必须有逻辑衔接关系或上下文等提示依据，如并列（同义词、近义词）、转折（反义词）、递进等。 3.利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题 完形填空中经常会考查一些固定结构、固定句式，这时就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。这个技巧主要指惯用搭配，讲究词与词的搭配，涉及到关联词、动词、副词、形容词、名词和短语等。 知识点2 句组层次题： 比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需前瞻后顾，综合意群信息解答。即：本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。 1．利用语义复现解题 复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现现象来选择正确的答案。 2． 利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题 在完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案或根据作者对人物或事情的褒贬性排除干扰做出正确的选择。 3．利用逻辑关系解题 在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯穿全文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列举、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。 知识点3 语篇层次题： 语篇层次题的解答必须立足于整个语篇，因此在解题时对这类题目不能急于解答，要跨越段落，顺藤摸瓜，仔细比对，最终得出答案。具体来说，可以利用以下方法解答此类题目。 1. 利用总分结构或对比结构分析法解题 完形填空往往采用总分对照结构，总述是对分述的总结和概括，而分述是对总述的展开和详述，两者之间有着明确的相互支撑、相互印证的对照关系。总分对照结构可以为我们提供重要的解题线索。 对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。对比结构可以为我们提供重要的解题线索。 2. 利用逻辑关系解题 在语篇层次题中，利用逻辑关系也是一种重要解题方法。完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯穿全文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列举、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。此方法是通过分析未知填空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语，二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。 考向一：[句内层次题] 句内层次题的解题线索主要集中在句子内部，选项的正确与否取决于对句子结构、语法、词汇搭配等的理解。解题线索分布在句中。这类题目通常聚焦考查词汇的用法、固定搭配、语法结构等。 （2026年虹口区一模） The word ‘habits’ gets thrown around a lot.Your doctor encourages you to get into the ‘good habit’ of eating five portions of fruit and vegetables a day; your friend ____21____ their ‘bad habit’ of checking social media before bed; maybe you once had a music teacher who kept on at you to practise your finger exercises until they ‘feel ____22____,. 22. A. exhausting B. worrying C. habitual D. imperfect （2026年宝山区一模） Mercury, an elemental metal that exists in liquid form at room temperature, occurs naturally in the environment. Metallic mercury occurs primarily in the earth’s crust but can be ____21____ into the atmosphere by human activities, such as burning rubbish or coal and gold mining. 21. A. directed B. released C. switched D. revealed （2026年崇明区一模） Drier weather in the U.S. West, driven by climate change, means less milkweed for butterflies to ____29____, Wagner said. And changes in American agriculture ____30____ weeds and flowers they need for nectar (花蜜). 29. A. eat B. anchor C. conserve D. value 考向二：[句组层次题]　 句组层次理解题需要结合空格所在句与相邻 1-2 句（句组）的逻辑关系（如转折、因果、举例、对比）或语义关联，答案需通过分析句间衔接信息得出，核心信息集中在局部句群内。解题线索分布在上句，下句和本句之中。谨记“上看一句下看一句中间看一句（瞻前顾后）”，并根据逻辑意思、句法分析、固定搭配、排除法、词汇复现、逻辑关系、背景常识等方法瞻前顾后、耐心作答。 （2026年静安区一模） The FSI also reports that languages more ____28____ to their own, like Spanish or French, can be learned relatively quickly — often in about 24-30 weeks. ____29____ languages with significant cultural differences from English, such as Greek or Russian, generally require about 44 weeks. 29. A. In essence B. By contrast C. In addition D. To some extent （2026年黄浦区一模） Nobody likes being a hypocrite. Yet, ____25____ it’s impossible to always act consistently, because different situations may require different responses. Take parenting, for example. You may reasonably lecture your teenager on the dangers of drinking too much, yet you did exactly that on occasion when you were in college. 25. A. after all B. as a result C. in reality D. what’s more 考向三：【语篇层次题】 语篇层次理解题需要结合全文主题、主旨思想、作者态度或跨段落的语义关联，答案无法仅通过单个句子或局部句组得出，需整体把握文章核心逻辑和话题方向。 语篇层次题要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。这类题难度较大，一篇完形填空中，大约有2～3道此类题。不急于解答，读完全文后综合思维再做判定。解题线索分布在某一段或几段相隔，甚至全篇，距离较远，更需瞻前顾后，谨记“文中无废句，句中无闲词”，并根据逻辑意思、句法分析、固定搭配、排除法、词汇复现、逻辑关系、背景常识等方法瞻前顾后、合理推断、耐心作答。 （2026年嘉定区一模） If all that doesn’t work, there is another idea: choose an app to _____34_____ your various subscriptions and background spending so you can better control your finances. Oh, wait a minute! I have to remind you that they are _____35_____ services, of course. 35. A. excellent B. free C. essential D. chargeable （2026年普陀区一模） I feel lucky to be cooking at a time when people like Mr. López-Alt are conducting such fun kitchen experiments. Yet it’s also true that ____34____ can never tell the whole story of cooking. A great meal is not just a combination of chemicals and physical processes. It is also a reflection of culture and family and the craft of the people who ____35____ before us. 34. A. writers B. science C. cooks D. evolution （2026年闵行区一模） Whether it gets called the 15-Minute City or something slightly different, cities around the world are ____34____ proximity and reversing the damage from the age of the car. Moreno’s book is an excellent introduction to why this is necessary and how it can be ____35____, grounded in real cities that are benefiting from the transformation. 34. A. sacrificing B. admiring C. rediscovering D. reevaluating 考点二 从词汇语义及上下文语境微观考查 （2026年黄浦区一模） And here’s some good news: People who notice their own hypocritical behavior often are motivated to change because the ____35____ of advocating for something but not actually doing it makes people very uncomfortable. Rather than feeling ashamed about our hypocrisy, we should welcome the opportunity to learn to do better next time. 35. A. avoidance B. disagreement C. ignorance D. resolution 命题解读 新考法：命题跳出词汇本义，聚焦 “语境语义逻辑”。前文核心是 “虚伪即言行不一致”，空格后 “主张某事却不行动” 正是 “言行矛盾” 的具体体现，需结合 “虚伪” 的定义语境选择 “disagreement（矛盾、不一致）”，而非依赖词汇固定搭配。考生需精准捕捉上下文语义关联，而非单纯记忆词义。 新角度：该考点侧重词汇在具体语境中的精准运用，打破 “固定搭配至上” 的传统考查模式，新增 “语义逻辑适配”“语境情感匹配” 等新角度，要求考生结合上下文细微语义差异辨析词汇。 知识点1 利用词汇复现解题 由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，它往往要围绕一个话题论述，因此行文中词语的重复、替代或同现的现象是不可避免的，即某一词常常以原词、同义词或近义词以及其它形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。根据这一原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现的相关词，考生可以这些词之间的有机联系来决定答案。 知识点2 利用作者情感态度来解题 第一遍通读时，应在掌握文章大意，弄清作者思路的基础上，着重寻找反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子，这些标志性词汇或句子往往对文章的语境褒贬性起着决定性的作用，因此，我们有时候可以根据作者对人物或事情的褒贬性来排除干扰做出正确的选择。 知识点3 利用上下文逻辑关系解题 完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯穿全文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列举、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。 知识点4 依据语境暗示线索，紧扣主题选择。 完形填空首先考查的就是考生对文章的理解能力。因此考生在做完形填空时，应把它作为一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇，而不是单项选择。所以利用首句信息解题是处理完形填空中任何问题都必须遵循的步骤，掌握好了首句，有助于抓住文章主旨，因而我们才可以通过上下文确定文章所要前进的方向。 知识点5 利用词汇差异及词组辨析解题 词汇是完形填空的最大的考点,主要是对实义词的考查，如名词，形容词、动词，副词等。上海卷完形填空已经很少从语法结构分析或词汇的固定搭配角度来设置考点，测试要点主要是词意或用法辨析。解答此类题目时考生只需辨别意思即可，而对于同义或近义词，一定要结合上下文内容，根据句意做出判断。有时从单句看．似乎不止只有一个答案。必须结合上下文在含义和用法等多方面加以考虑才能做出选择。 · 考向一: 利用原词复现或同现, 选择最佳选项。  复现是一种语义衔接手段,它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念,使整篇文章上下连贯,有机地衔接在一起因此,考生可根据文章的具体情况,理解文章的结构和语境利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。它包括：1.原词复现；2.同义复现；3.反义复现；4.代词复现等。 原词复现侧重上下文相同词汇 / 同根词重复出现，同现侧重语义相关词汇（如同属 “健康危害”“行为不一致” 范畴）共同出现，可通过词汇关联性锁定答案。 （2026年黄浦区一模） And here’s some good news: People who notice their own hypocritical behavior often are motivated to change because the ____35____ of advocating for something but not actually doing it makes people very uncomfortable. Rather than feeling ashamed about our hypocrisy, we should welcome the opportunity to learn to do better next time. 35. A. avoidance B. disagreement C. ignorance D. resolution （2026年宝山区一模） Although the impact of mercury on the environment has been ____23____ by some industries and individuals, it is a top ten chemical of major health ____24____ according to the WHO. Despite this, the severity of mercury’s poison remains to be fully understood 24. A. requirement B. management C. concern D. decline · 考向二：利用辑关系和过渡词，及上下文暗示线索解题。 利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握，就会不无惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是征服完形填空的最佳途径。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈，它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的方法，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。做题时,要充分利用上下文,找到适当的逻辑关系。常考逻辑关系有：并列、转折、递进、对比、因果、让步、例证等。 （2026年静安区一模） The FSI also reports that languages more ____28____ to their own, like Spanish or French, can be learned relatively quickly — often in about 24-30 weeks. ____29____ languages with significant cultural differences from English, such as Greek or Russian, generally require about 44 weeks. 29. A. In essence B. By contrast C. In addition D. To some extent （2026年松江区一模） ____28____ the administration set the first-ever national legal limits on six specific PFAS chemicals in drinking water, requiring that water suppliers meet the standard by 2029. 28. A. In response B. By contrast C. After all D. For example · 考向三：利用作者态度或感情色彩关联，辨析词义。 在完形填空中,我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇,它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索,可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。解答该类问题时，要善于把握与作者的写作态度、感悟色彩相关的词汇，特别是某些形容词、副词。这类题型主观性较强，心理描写较多。属于较难的题目。 （2026年崇明区一模） May Berenbaum of the University of Illinois, who helped lead the research ____24____ the insect losses to climate change 30 years ago. She said back then, the methods used to measure the degree and rate of climate change effects were ____25____ .Berenbaum says another issue is that many people simply ____26____ insects. She added that this is true even though the small creatures do a lot of good. 26. A. study B. pity C. respect D. hate （2026年普陀区一模） Like many people, I grew up convinced that science was the ____26____ of good cooking. For my mother, it meant cheap, industrial food — far from her fresh vegetable soups and slow-cooked beef. Yet, ____27____, she was practicing kitchen science. By cooking meat until it turned brown for a rich flavor and letting it cook long and slow enough to make it soft and juicy, she used simple cooking techniques to create delicious dishes. 26. A. enemy B. companion C. result D. ingredient · 考向四：依据首句线索及语境暗示，紧扣主题选择。 完形首句通常点明文章核心主题，需结合首句线索及上下文语境，选择与主题一致的选项。首句通常是文章的主题句，便于考生对短文主题、内容或背景有个大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供时间、地点、人物、事件、论点等有用的信息。把握了主题句, 对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。 暗示与上下文语境对应的思维方法，是突破此类完形填空最关键的思维方式。考生在做题时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，做题时要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处前后通常多有暗示，这种暗示多为后面暗示前面。 （2026年闵行区一模） In the past, all cities were 15-minute cities, designed to be entirely accessible on foot, where proximity — being close in distance — was a necessity. Citizens would naturally expect to find their work, their homes and the markets within a ____21____ distance. 21. A. walkable B. measurable C. comfortable D. reasonable （2026年静安区一模） It’s long been thought that the earlier you learn new skills, the easier they are to ____21____. That’s part of the reason why early childhood was once considered the best time to be ____22____ to a second language. But whether that holds true has been heavily debated in the scientific community. 21. A. set off B. hold out C. pick up D. make for · 考向五：注意同形词差异及词组辨析。 同形词差异指词性相同但含义迥异的词汇（如同为动词的 “decode/clarify”），词组辨析指含义易混淆的固定搭配 / 短语，（如 “set off/pick up”），需结合语境精准区分核心语义。在完形填空练习中，要多读多练，积累词汇和词组知识，同时注重语境的理解和分析，这样才能更好地应对同形词差异和词组辨析的问题。 （2026年杨浦区一模） Marketing professor Christopher Olivola points to a few ways that the sunk cost effect is tied to your wallet. You might sit through the entirety of a movie that you ____22____ from the beginning, for instance, if only to justify the cost of the ticket. Similarly, you might ____23____ hitting the gym, even after sustaining a painful injury, if your expensive membership is nonrefundable. 23. A. postpone B. avoid C. continue D. imagine （2026年奉贤区一模） Scientists cannot travel back to the Big Bang, an event lost to the deep past of 13.8 billion years. Yet, the universe itself is a time capsule. According to inflation theory, the Big Bang sent waves spreading through the fabric of spacetime, preserving clues that scientists can still ____27____ today. 27. A. overlook B. project C. decode D. clarify 【语篇训练】 Passage 1 【来源】2026年上海市普通高等学校招生招生考试模拟英语试题（未来教研之星标准学术能力测试） Early Schooling and the emergence of a Gender Gap in Mathematics Although boys and girls 1 similar cognitive abilities in early childhood, especially in basic number and spatial 2 , gender differences in mathematics achievement often emerge later. A recent large-scale study conducted in France has shed new light on when and how this 3 begins. Researchers analyzed data from over 2.6 million students from first to second grade over a four-year period. At the start of 4 education, boys and girls performed nearly 5 in mathematics. However, just four months after entering first grade, a small but 6 gap appeared, favoring boys. By the beginning of second grade, the gap had widened further. This trend was observed across all school types, socio-economic levels, and geographic regions, suggesting a systemic phenomenon. The findings also 7 that the gap correlates more with time spent in school than with age, indicating that the school environment plays a crucial role in its development. The researchers 8 that this disparity is unlikely to reflect inherent differences in ability. 9 , social and educational factors — such as teacher 10 , classroom dynamics, and stereotype internalization — may be responsible. For instance, previous studies have shown that teachers often attribute boys’ math success to talent, while girls’ success is linked to effort. Additionally, girls tend to 11 higher levels of math anxiety, especially under pressure. More than 76% of girls in the research claimed they were under much stress. In contrast to mathematics, a 12 performance gap — favoring girls — was already present before school entry and remained relatively stable, showing less influence from classroom instruction. These findings highlight the importance of early educational 13 . Promoting gender-equitable teaching practices, presenting diverse role models in STEM fields, and 14 math anxiety in young students could help reduce the gender gap before it becomes entrenched. By recognizing that such differences begin during the first year of schooling, educators and policymakers may take timely action to foster more 15 and supportive learning environments for all children. 1．A．have B．display C．cultivate D．increase 2．A．reasoning B．imagining C．thinking D．observing 3．A．development B．phenomenon C．disparity D．transformation 4．A．intermediate B．further C．formal D．routine 5．A．distinctly B．outstandingly C．poorly D．identically 6．A．significant B．obvious C．unusual D．surprising 7．A．challenged B．presumed C．restated D．revealed 8．A．assume B．propose C．oppose D．prove 9．A．Therefore B．Instead C．Meanwhile D．Nevertheless 10．A．requirements B．perspectives C．expectations D．affection 11．A．present B．face C．report D．tackle 12．A．music B．debating C．painting D．language 13．A．activities B．interventions C．supervisions D．trainings 14．A．addressing B．discovering C．recognizing D．improving 15．A．helpful B．friendly C．harmonious D．inclusive Passage 2 【来源】上海市2025-2026学年高三上学期12月春考适应性调研卷英语试题 Public discussion of screen time tends to begin with children. Parents complain about phones replacing books, teachers worry about shrinking attention spans, and researchers, among them Jonathan Haidt, warn of long-term psychological effects. These concerns have led to 1 calls for limits on young people’s online behaviour. What is rarely questioned, 2 , is whether the group attracting the most attention is also the one spending the most time in front of screens. 3 this ongoing debate, screen habits have been quietly changing elsewhere. Television has long shaped daily routines in retirement, yet today’s older adults are no longer 4 to a single device. Smartphones, tablets and online platforms have 5 existing habits, often without much notice. What looks like harmless addition gradually becomes 6 , as activities once filling the day are reorganized and give way to digital alternatives that require less effort and planning. This transformation is often 7 , and with good reason. Digital tools offer older people forms of access that become increasingly valuable with age. Messages travel faster than visits, services arrive without 8 effort, and entertainment demands little preparation. These conveniences, taken together, allow older people to adjust their daily routines to changing physical and social conditions. They suggest not dependence but 9 . Yet convenience comes with 10 . Devices used by older adults are commonly linked to financial accounts, turning ease of 11 into potential exposure. At the same time, many retirees rely heavily on online news, where credibility varies widely. As 12 sources are replaced by endless streams of content, 13 becomes harder to secure, even as information grows more easily accessible. The effects of screen use, then, resist simple judgement. Screens can cause 14 while quietly reducing everyday contact. Unlike teenagers, whose online time is shaped by school schedules and parental rules, older adults face few 15 limits. The question is no longer whether screen time is good or bad, but how freedom, risk and responsibility shift when digital habits expand beyond the young. 1．A．household B．sudden C．official D．repeated 2．A．therefore B．meanwhile C．however D．similarly 3．A．Because of B．Away from C．In spite of D．In case of 4．A．bound B．exposed C．attracted D．adapted 5．A．entered B．followed C．replaced D．reshaped 6．A．adjustment B．replacement C．routine D．custom 7．A．questioned B．ignored C．welcomed D．resisted 8．A．mental B．financial C．physical D．social 9．A．adaptation B．convenience C．comfort D．habit 10．A．benefits B．explanations C．conditions D．opportunities 11．A．access B．payment C．service D．management 12．A．approachable B．digital C．regular D．popular 13．A．popularity B．reliability C．possibility D．clarity 14．A．isolation B．boredom C．pressure D．anxiety 15．A．moral B．personal C．social D．external Passage 3 【来源】2025 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷） In the scientific field, just as important as raising our voices is how we come together. Progress doesn’t happen 1 ; it’s fueled by cooperation. Like a music band where every instrument plays its part, scientists from different backgrounds harmonize their expertise (专门技术) to create something greater than the 2 of its parts. I’ve witnessed that cooperative power firsthand through an initiative called Native Plant Hub. This initiative brings together local governments, tribal communities, academic institutions, and private landowners. Their 3 mission? Addressing critical shortages in native plant materials to support fire reduction, foreign species control, and habitat restoration across the western United States. It couldn’t have succeeded without the combined expertise of these 4 groups. Each contributes something essential, proving that large-scale conservation efforts don’t happen 5 ; they require long-term investment, cooperation, and commitment. It’s a model for how we should 6 solutions that encourage innovation and transform the world. That’s why I’m so passionate about the CES network — it’s right there in the name: Cooperative Ecosystem Studies. Exchanging knowledge and expertise is the foundation of scientific progress. Through partnerships, improvements emerge that might 7 remain difficult to achieve. For example, a project highlight I’m currently writing looks at the cooperation between University of Oregon researchers and the Park Service to study the cultural landscape of Carlsbad Caverns. When the Service suggested bringing in a cave microbiologist, the university team 8 hadn’t considered the role of microscopic life in preservation. But once involved, the microbiologist’s advice proved 9 . One key moment came when the team faced the 10 of a worsening historic wooden staircase, which had become a habitat for microorganisms. Without precautions(预防措施,), disturbing the structure could have 11 the cave’s delicate ecosystem. Before removing it, the microbiologist proposed covering the staircase to 12 unintended harm. After the successful relocation, the team proposed using projected images to illustrate its former 13 , enabling visitors to appreciate its historical significance. This cooperation — combining scientific expertise with cultural preservation — safeguarded both the cave’s ecological 14 and historical significance. The result is an approach that 15 environmental conservation and cultural preservation, ensuring the long-term protection of our national parks. Too often, scientific research operates separately. But real progress doesn’t come from opposition; it comes from cooperation. 1．A．in time B．under discussion C．for good D．in isolation 2．A．difference B．change C．sum D．management 3．A．respective B．deserted C．transitional D．shared 4．A．diverse B．educational C．foreign D．regional 5．A．slowly B．alongside C．overnight D．properly 6．A．unlock B．skip C．interpret D．classify 7．A．similarly B．otherwise C．altogether D．eventually 8．A．consequently B．regretfully C．fortunately D．initially 9．A．unrealistic B．invaluable C．misleading D．conventional 10．A．establishment B．decoration C．removal D．coverage 11．A．sustained B．replaced C．reformed D．ruined 12．A．cause B．mask C．prevent D．suffer 13．A．presence B．expression C．pollution D．strategy 14．A．supervision B．integrity C．guidance D．occupation 15．A．accesses B．balances C．evaluates D．traces 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司6 / 31 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $