专题04 动词的时态、语态及主谓一致（复习讲义）（天津专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

专题04 动词的时态、语态及主谓一致 01 析·考点精解 1 02 构·知能框架 2 03 破·考点攻坚 3 考点一 一般时 4 知识点1 一般现在时 7 知识点2 一般过去时 8 知识点3 一般将来时和过去将来时 9 考点二 进行时 12 知识点1 现在进行时和过去进行时 14 知识点2 将来进行时 15 考点三完成时 18 知识点1 现在完成时 21 知识点2 过去完成时 22 知识点3 将来完成时 22 知识点4 现在完成进行时 23 01 析·考点精解 命题轨迹透视 语篇选材贴近时代与生活，涵盖社会、科技、环保等多元领域；基础题占 60%，中档题 30%，难题 10%，区分度清晰；强调 “语境语法”，需结合语义与逻辑解题。 考点频次总结 年份 2025 首考 2025 二考 2024 首考 2024 二考 2023 首考 2023 二考 2022 首考 2022 二考 2021 首考 2021 二考 考点 14，现在完成时及主谓一致 7，过去完成时及其被动 3，现在完成进行时 6，现在完成时及其被动 11，将来进行时 12，现在完成时及主谓一致 7，现在进行时及其被动 10，过去完成时 2，一般过去时及其被动语态 3，现在完成时 4，过去完成时及其被动语态 2026命题预测 结合近年天真题，此类题目延续 “语境化” 考查，纯语法题占比持续下降；核心考点稳定，语篇选材更注重人文关怀与跨学科视野，重点考察时态、语态和主谓一致三大考点的综合分析。 02 构·知能框架 02 构·构 03 破·考点攻坚 谓语动词时态的基本形式 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般 一般现在时 do/does 一般过去时 did 一般将来时 will do am/is/are going to do am/is/are about to do am/is/are to do 过去将来时 would do was/were going to do was/were about to do was/were to do 进行 现在进行时 am/is/are doing 过去进行时 was/were doing 将来进行时 will be doing 过去将来进行时 完成 现在完成时 have/has done 过去完成时 had done 将来完成时 will have done 过去将来完成时 完成 进行 现在完成进行时 have/has been doing 过去完成进行时 将来完成进行时 过去将来完成进行时 考点一 一般时 1．（2022·天津·高考真题）Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions. A．prepare B．prepares C．is preparing D．are preparing 命题解读 新情境：本题选取批判性思维与问题解决能力对青少年决策的作用这一贴近中学生成长与教育的话题作为命题语境，语言正式、表意清晰，符合高考英语语法题 “立足现实语境、体现教育导向” 的命题趋势。题目将语法知识置于完整、有意义的句子中考查，强调在真实表达中运用语法规则，而非孤立记忆语法条目，体现 “语境化、实用化” 的高考改革方向。 新考法：本题以主谓一致为核心考点，采用主语 + 插入语的经典命题结构，集中考查考生对句子主干的识别能力。句子主语为单数名词，中间插入由 together with 连接的复数名词，构成典型干扰结构，旨在区分真正主语与修饰成分。题目不侧重时态细节辨析，而聚焦句子结构与语法关系判断，属于高考英语语法中基础但高频、易丢分的必考题型，侧重考查考生的句法分析能力与规则运用能力。 新角度：本题从结构干扰、信息后置、主干识别的角度设题，故意将复数名词 teenagers 紧跟在空格前，形成视觉与语感上的强烈干扰，考查考生 “去修饰、抓主干” 的句法分析能力。命题思路典型：真正主语在前，插入语在后，谓语单复数只由核心主语决定。这种设题方式突出高考语法 “重结构、重逻辑、重辨析” 的考查要求，强调在复杂句式中精准判断语法关系，而非仅凭语感或就近名词草率选择。 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的决定。短语together with/along with/as well as, etc连接两个并列的名词或代词做主语时谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词或代词决定，句子主语为Critical reasoning，谓语动词应用单数形式，此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时。故选B项。 2．（2009·天津·高考真题）My parents in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else. A．live B．lived C．were living D．will live 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：我的父母在香港生活。他们在那里出生，从未在其他地方生活过。根据第二句“They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.”（他们在那里出生，从未在其他地方生活过）可知，“我的父母在香港生活”为目前的状况，应该用一般现在时，故选A。 3．（2025·天津·高考真题）The Song Dynasty the introduction of jiaozi, which is supposedly the world’s first paper money. A．has seen B．had seen C．sees D．saw 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：宋朝见证了交子的出现，交子据说是世界上第一种纸币。see(见证)作主句谓语，结合“The Song Dynasty”可知，这一动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故选D项。 4．（2020·天津·高考真题）A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city ____________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：去年进行的一项调查显示，该市80％的中年人赞成医疗改革的建议。通过分析句子结构并翻译语境可知，主句时态为一般过去时，根据时态一致性可知从句中时态也为一般过去时，且从句中主语80% of the middle-aged是复数，按照主谓一致原则，因此使用be动词were。故选D项。 5．（2019·天津·高考真题）Amy, as well as her brothers, ________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. A．is given B．are given C．was given D．were given 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和她的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知，应用过去时，排除选项A和B；本句的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选C。 6．（2018·天津·高考真题）I jumped with joy the moment I ______ my driver’s license in the mail. A．receive B．received C．had received D．would receive 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：我一收到邮寄来的驾照，就高兴得跳了起来。the moment引导的时间状语从句，主句主语与从句主语几乎同时发生，且句子都为一般过去时。故选B项。 7．（2017·天津·高考真题）One night, at about midnight, I ______ the sky for about an hour. The stars were shining like diamonds. A．have watched B．had watched C．watch D．watched 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：一天晚上，午夜时分，我看了大约一个小时的天空。星星像钻石一样闪闪发光。根据时间状语one night，可知此句描述的是在过去的时间里发生的事，和现在没有联系，也没有和过去的动作以及时间上的先后对比，所以用一般过去时，故选D。 8．（2015·天津·高考真题）(2015·天津) Only when Lily walked into the office_________that she had left the contract at home. A．she realized B．has she realized C．she has realized D．did she realize 【答案】D 【详解】考查倒装。句意：只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候，她才意识到她把合同忘家里了。本题考查only放在句首的部分倒装，在句首的only如果后面跟了副词、介词短语或从句等状语，则主句用倒装结构。但如果only后跟的是主语，就不用倒装结构了。根据句中的其他动词时态，可判定用过去时态。故选D。 9．（2012·天津·高考真题） The three of us __________around Europe for about a month last summer. A．travelled B．have travelled C．had travelled D．travel 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：去年我们中的三个人在欧洲旅行了一个月。根据last summer可知，谓语动词需用过去式。故选A。 10．（2008·天津·高考真题）He _____ football regularly for many years when he was young. A．was playing B．played C．has played D．had played 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当他年轻的时候，他踢了很多年的足球。由“when he was young”可知，句子描述“当他年轻的时候，他踢了很多年的足球”这个事实，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式played。故选B。 知识点1 一般现在时 用法 示例 表示经常性、习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态 I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning. 我每天早上七点从家出发去学校。 She always takes a walk in the evening. 她总是在晚间散步。 表示主语现在的身份、特征、状态、能力、性格等 We are very busy these days. 这些天我们很忙。 The dangerous situation calls for a calm head. 危险的形势需要冷静的头脑。 表示客观事实、普遍真理或格言 Light travels faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快。 Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待。 用于新闻标题、历史简介、小说章节标题或小说、电影、戏剧情节介绍、图片说明等 Bank Robbery: Robbers take $10,000 银行劫案：匪徒抢走一万美金 (新闻标题) The Queen arrives for the opening ceremony. 女王出席了开幕式。(照片说明) 表示将来 用于时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句，代替一般将来时 When I grow up, I will be a nurse and look after patients. 我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。 按时间表、计划或安排将要发生的动作 (一般不会轻易改变) The train arrives at 10:30. 火车十点半到达。 得分速记 1. 常与一般现在时连用的时间状语: ① 频度副词:never 从不、seldom 很少、sometimes 有时、often 经常、usually 通常、always 总是； ② 其他时间状语:once in a while 偶尔、once a week 一周一次、twice a month 每月两次、from time to time 时不时、at weekends 在周末、every day/week/month/year 每天 / 周 / 月 / 年等。 2. 常用一般现在时表将来的动词：come、go、arrive、leave、begin、start、return 等。 知识点2 一般过去时 用法 示例 表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态 I left my bedroom door open and my dog chewed my shoes. 我把卧室的门开着，我的狗咬坏了我的鞋子。 表示过去一段时间内经常、反复发生的动作或存在的状态 (常与频度副词连用) When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 当我小的时候，我经常在街上踢足球。 Wherever he traveled in those years, he wrote down what he saw and heard. 那些年里，他每到一个地方旅行，总会把所见所闻记下来。 用于时间状语从句、条件状语从句或原因状语从句，代替过去将来时 Alina said she would come if I promised to wait for her. 阿丽娜说如果我答应等她，她就会来。 I didn't go to the party that evening as I started off on the journey at dawn. 那天晚上我没有去参加聚会，因为我黎明时要出发去旅行。 得分速记 常与一般过去时连用的时间状语: yesterday (昨天)、yesterday morning/afternoon/evening (昨天早上 / 下午 / 晚上)、once (曾经)、last night/year (昨晚 / 去年)、a few days ago (几天前)、the other day (几天前)、at that time (当时)、at that moment (在那一刻)、just now (刚刚)、in 2005 (在 2005 年)、in the old days (在过去的岁月里) 等。 知识点3 一般将来时和过去将来时 一般将来时 过去将来时 构成 will/shall + 动词原形 (shall 用于第一人称，will 可用于各种人称) would/should + 动词原形 用法 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 (立足现在), 常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如 tomorrow、soon、in the future、next week/month/year 等 表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态 (立足过去), 常用于宾语从句 示例 When I was a child, I thought I would know the answers to everything, but now I understand that the future life won't have a standard answer. 当我还是个孩子的时候，我觉得我会知道所有问题的答案，但现在我明白，未来的生活并没有标准答案。(would know 立足过去，won't have 立足现在) 得分速记 表示将来意义的结构及其意义 形式 意义 示例 be going to + 动词原形 决定、打算要做 (事先思考过或计划好，主观色彩较强) They are going to hold a meeting to discuss our research project. 他们打算开个会来讨论我们的研究计划。 I was going to buy a car then. 我当时正打算买一部车。 有迹象表明将要发生的事 (有趋势) It looks as if the weather is going to turn bad. 看起来天气好像要变糟了。 be about to + 动词原形 马上或眼下就要发生，不与表示具体时间的状语连用 (说话时就是时间状语) Sit down please, everyone. The film is about to start. 大家请坐下，电影马上开始。 He was about to say something more, and then checked himself. 他还想说几句，却又止住了。 be to + 动词原形 表示主观的计划、安排、约定、意图 When is the opening ceremony to be? 开幕式什么时候举行？ 表示应该、命令、禁止、义务或可能性 (有感情色彩，相当于情态动词) What am I to tell her when she finds out? 要是她发现了，我将怎样对她说呢？ The magazines are not to be taken out of the reading room. 杂志不准带出阅览室。 As a soldier, he was to do whatever he was ordered to do. 作为军人，他必须执行命令。 用于 if 引导的条件状语从句，表示意图、打算，意为 “如果想”, 相当于 want to 或 should Stronger measures are needed to protect the environment if mankind is to survive. 如果人类要继续生存下去，就需要采取更强有力的措施来保护环境。 进行时 用于表示位置转移的动词 (如 come、go、leave、arrive、return、begin 等), 表示已计划或安排好的事 We are leaving early tomorrow morning. 我们明天一早就出发。 We were told that the plane was taking off in ten minutes. 我们被告知飞机十分钟后就要起飞了。 1．（24-25高三上·天津和平·期末）Ten dollars __________ as much as before, Daddy. Give me more, please. A．doesn’t buy B．don’t buy C．didn’t buy D．isn’t bought 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：爸爸，十美元不像以前能买到那么多东西了。请再多给我些吧。此处描述的是现在的客观情况，应用一般现在时；Ten dollars表示一笔钱，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，且此处表示 “（钱）能买（东西）”，是主动意义，不用被动语态，所以用 doesn’t buy，故选A项。 2．（23-24高三上·天津和平·期末）Assuming an earthquake ______what will we do? A．to happen B．happens C．happening D．will happen 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：假设发生地震，我们会怎么办？A项是不定式；B项是一般现在时；C项是现在分词；D项是一般将来时。assuming意为“假设”，后面是条件状语从句，主句用将来时，从句一般用一般现在时表示将来，从句主语是an earthquake，单数，所以从句谓语用第三人称单数。故选B项。 3．（25-26高三上·天津河北·期末）I still remember my first trip to Lhasa when my parents ________ me on the Sky Railway to celebrate my graduation. A．would take B．took C．have taken D．had taken 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：我依然记得我的第一次拉萨之行，那时父母带我乘坐青藏铁路庆祝我的毕业。句中when引导的定语从句修饰先行词my first trip to Lhasa，描述的是过去发生的具体动作，需用一般过去时。故选B项。 4．（23-24高三上·天津河北·期末）Last night, around midnight, I ______the sky for nearly an hour. The stars shone like diamonds. A．had observed B．have observed C．observe D．observed 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：昨晚，大约午夜时分，我观察了近一个小时的天空。星星像钻石一样闪闪发光。根据上文Last night可知发生在过去，用一般过去时。故选D。 5．（20-21高三上·天津和平·期末）I _____ for the airport to catch the flight at 6 pm. Please send the file to me within ten minutes. A．am leaving B．have left C．was leaving D．had left 【答案】A 【详解】考查现在进行时表将来的用法。句意：我要去机场赶下午6点的航班。 请在10分钟内把文件发给我。由题意可知，动作还没发生，所以要用将来时。表位移的瞬间动词可以使用现在进行时表将来。故选A项。 6．（2021·天津·二模）More than one living species ________ forever from the earth every half an hour, which is an alarming speed. A．disappears B．are disappearing C．disappear D．is disappearing 【答案】A 【详解】考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：每半小时就有一个以上的生物从地球上永远消失，这是一个惊人的速度。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。disappear为短暂性动词，所以be disappearing意为“将要消失”，不符合句意。“more than one+名词单数”作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选A。 7．（21-22高三上·天津·期末）There are nearly 7000 local languages in the world, but only 7% ______ reflected in published online material. A．were B．was C．is D．are 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：世界上有近7000种地方语言，但只有7%的语言在网上发布的材料中得到体现。根据句子结构可知，此空需填but之后分句的谓语动词，谓语动词的单复数取决于百分数修饰的名词，名词为7000 local languages，所以谓语动词用复数。根据there are可知，本句是一般现在时，描述一个客观的事实，故选D项。 8．（18-19高三上·天津宝坻·期末）This sort of clothing material, which feels soft, ______. A．catches fire easily B．is caught fire easily C．is easy caught fire D．is easily to catch fire 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态和副词的用法。句意：这种衣料摸起来柔软，很容易着火。此处指一种客观事实，所以句子用一般现在时态，且副词修饰动词，主动表示被动。故选A。 9．（22-23高三上·天津和平·期末）Normally, I would never do anything like skydiving, but I ________ to give it a try since the lessons were free. A．decided B．had decided C．would decide D．have decided 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：通常情况下，我不会做任何像跳伞这样的事情，但我决定尝试一下，因为课程是免费的。根据would和were可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式decided，故选A。 10．（21-22高三上·天津南开·期末）Mary____ in Beijing for 5 years, but she has never regretted moving back to Tianjin. A．has worked B．was working C．had worked D．worked 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：玛丽在北京工作了5年，但是她从来没有后悔回到天津。由后半句“but she has never regretted moving back to Tianjin.”可知玛丽现在回到了天津。过去在北京工作，因此前半句应该用一般过去时，故选D。 考点二 进行时 1．（2023·天津·高考真题）Some restaurants are happy to provide a free cake if you let them know in advance that you ________a group for a birthday party. A．will be bringing B．have brought C．have been bringing D．were bringing 命题解读 新情境：本题选取餐厅生日预订服务的生活化实用场景作为命题语境，贴近日常交际，符合高考英语 “语法在真实语境中考查、强调交际实用性” 的命题趋势。句子围绕提前告知餐厅生日聚会需求展开，语境自然清晰，侧重考查在真实交流中准确使用时态的能力，体现 “语境化、交际化” 的高考语法改革方向。 新考法：本题核心考查将来时态与语境逻辑，重点辨析不同时态在时间与意图上的差异。题干中 in advance（提前） 和 birthday party 明确指向未来、计划中将要发生的动作，考点聚焦将来进行时在表示已安排、预计会发生的动作时的用法。题目通过设置不同时间维度的时态干扰项，考查考生对动作时间先后、动作状态与语境意图的精准判断能力，属于天津高考语法必考的高频时态题型。 新角度：本题从时间线索隐藏、动作计划性、语境暗示的角度设题，不直接出现 tomorrow、next week 等明显将来时间词，而是用 in advance 暗示动作发生在未来，考查考生通过语境逻辑判断时态的能力。干扰项分别覆盖现在完成、现在完成进行、过去进行，从时间与动作状态上形成多重干扰，突出高考语法 “重语境、重逻辑、重用法” 的考查要求，强调不靠死记规则，而靠理解句意选择最贴合表达意图的时态。 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：如果你提前告诉一些餐馆你将带一个团队来参加生日派对，他们会很乐意提供一个免费的蛋糕。根据“in advance”可知，此处表示将来的动作，所以应用将来进行时。故选A。 2．（2021·天津·高考真题）Good evening, everybody. Professor King ________ his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first. A．delivered B．will be delivering C．was delivering D．has been delivering 【答案】B 【详解】考查将来进行时。句意：大家晚上好，金教授马上要发表演讲，但（开始之前）让我先介绍一下他。根据语境和标志词in a moment（立即，即将，一会儿）的提示，可知教授的演讲还未开始，用将来时态（一般将来时或将来进行时），仅有B符合题意，是将来进行时的结构，故选B。 3．（2018·天津·高考真题）My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. A．was repaired B．is repaired C．is being repaired D．has been repaired 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。 点睛：本题考查时态。分析选项可以知道，4个选项都用了被动语态，本题考查的其实是不同的时态。选项A是过去时；选项B是一般现在时的被动；选项C是现在进行时；选项D是现在完成时。再结合语境进行分析，最终判断出最佳答案。 4．（2017·天津·高考真题）I ________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. A．was driving B．have driven C．would drive D．drove 【答案】A 【详解】考查固定句型和过去进行时。句意：我正开着车去伦敦的路上，这时我发现走错路了。be doing sth when 结构表示“正在做某事，这时…”。为固定句型。根据时态一致原则，可知这里用过去进行时，故选A。 5．（2013·天津·高考真题）The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers ________ one of the main pipes. A．had repaired B．have repaired C．repaired D．are repairing 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：水供应被暂时切断是因为工人们正在修主水管。由句意可知，用现在进行时（现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动），是因为正在修主水管，水供应才被暂时切断。故选D项。 6．（2015·天津·高考真题）Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she ______ a class at that time. A．will teach B．would teach C．has taught D．will be teaching 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议，因为她那个时候在一个班上课。根据句中的时间状语at that time，指代at 3 o'clock this afternoon，表示在将来的某一时刻正在做某事，故用将来完成时。故选D。 【点睛】本题考查时态。将来进行时主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。分析此题需抓住时间状语，以及that time所代指的时间，再联系所学将来进行时所应用的范围及句意可以选择正确的答案。 知识点1 现在进行时和过去进行时 现在进行时 过去进行时 构成 am/is/are doing was/were doing 基本用法 ①表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态 ②表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态，但说话时动作不一定在进行 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生的动作或存在的状态 标志词 now、just now、at present、at the moment、these days、look、listen 等 then、at that time、the whole morning、this time yesterday、last night 等 示例 I'm waiting to have a word with you. 我在等着和你说句话。 He is generally going to bed at 11:00 these days. 他这些日子通常11点睡觉。 We were discussing the plan this time yesterday. 昨天这时候我们正在讨论这个计划。 We were expecting you yesterday. 我们昨天一直在等你。 得分速记 用法 示例 表达感情色彩：与 always、constantly、frequently、forever 等副词连用，表示重复的动作使人感到不满、厌倦或觉得不合情理，有时也可表示赞赏、满意 She is constantly disturbing me in class. 她在课上不停地打扰我。(厌烦) Maria is always thinking of others. 玛丽亚总为别人着想。(赞美) He was forever complaining. 他总是抱怨。(不满) 表示将来：一些非延续性动词 (come、go、leave、arrive、die、start、stop 等) 可以用进行时态表示按照计划动作即将发生 Hurry up! The train is arriving soon. 快点儿！火车很快就要到了。 They wanted to know when we were leaving for Beijing. 他们想知道我们什么时候动身去北京。 表示变化过程:begin、start、become、grow、get、lose 等的进行时态可以表示从一种状态逐渐变化到另一种状态 It is getting warmer and warmer. 天气变得越来越暖和了。 After waiting for half an hour she was beginning to get angry. 等了半个小时之后她开始生气了。 知识点2 将来进行时   用法：表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态，或按计划、安排将要发生的事情。 得分速记 常用的时间状语：soon、then、in two days、this time tomorrow、tomorrow morning、at 9:00 next Monday、from 10:00 to 11:00 tomorrow、the day after tomorrow 等。 I will be waiting for you at the school gate then. 届时我将在学校大门口等你。 This time tomorrow we'll be sitting in the cinema and watching a film. 明天这个时候我们将坐在电影院里看电影。 1．（25-26高三上·天津西青·期末）Group work, along with class discussions, ________  students learn more effectively these days. A．is helping B．are helping C．was helping D．were helping 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：小组合作以及课堂讨论如今正帮助学生们更有效地学习。分析句子可知，主语是 Group work（小组合作），属于不可数名词短语。句中的along with class discussions（以及课堂讨论）是伴随状语，用来补充说明主语，不影响主语的单复数。遵循“就远原则”—— 谓语动词的单复数由距离它最远的核心主语决定，因此谓语动词要用单数形式。句末的时间状语 these days（如今、现在）是现在进行时的标志，用来表示当前一段时间内正在发生的动作。故选A项。 2．（23-24高三上·天津河东·期末）—May I take the typewriter away? —Sorry, I ______ it. A．am using B．used C．have used D．was using 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——我可以把打字机拿走吗？——对不起，我正在用。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，结合句意和语境可知，不能拿走的原因，是“我正在用它”，需用现在进行时。故选A项。 3．（20-21高三上·天津和平·期末）I _____ for the airport to catch the flight at 6 pm. Please send the file to me within ten minutes. A．am leaving B．have left C．was leaving D．had left 【答案】A 【详解】考查现在进行时表将来的用法。句意：我要去机场赶下午6点的航班。 请在10分钟内把文件发给我。由题意可知，动作还没发生，所以要用将来时。表位移的瞬间动词可以使用现在进行时表将来。故选A项。 4．（24-25高三上·天津红桥·期末）He ________ for the bus when it began to rain heavily. A．waited B．was waiting C．have waited D．had waited 【答案】B 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：他正在等公共汽车时，天开始下大雨。wait“等待”。根据句中的“when it began to rain heavily”可知，本句用固定句型“sb. be doing sth. when...”，表示“某人正在干某事时，突然发生另外一件事情”，本空用过去进行时was waiting。故选B。 5．（23-24高三上·天津西青·期末）The police________ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in the theatre. A．are searching B．were searching C．is searching D．was searching 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。当他突然出现在剧院时，警方正在四处搜查谋杀犯。分析句子，时间状语从句用了一般过去时，故主句用过去进行时，表示过去正在进行的动作，“police”是集体名词，作主语表示“警方”时，谓语动词用复数形式。故选B项。 6．（25-26高三上·天津南开·期末）At this time tomorrow, we ________ with our foreign teacher via video call to practice our spoken English and discuss cultural diversity. A．will chat B．will be chatting C．are chatting D．have chatted 【答案】B 【详解】考查将来进行时。句意：明天这个时候，我们将通过视频电话与外教聊天，练习英语口语，讨论文化多样性。根据“At this time tomorrow”可知，句子描述的是将来某个时间点正在进行的动作，应用将来进行时，其结构为“will be + 现在分词”。故选B。 7．（23-24高三上·天津和平·期末）I expect you ______bored with working at the Post Office by this time next year and_______ for a more interesting job. A．have become; will have looked B．found; will have planned C．will have become; will be looking D．had found; had been planning 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我预计到明年这个时候，你会对邮局的工作感到厌倦，会去找一份更有趣的工作。由句意及时间状语 by this time next year及空②后的for a more interesting job可知空①表示到将来某个时刻将已经完成的动作， 应用将来完成时，空②表示在将来某个时刻将正在进行的动作，应用将来进行时，故选C项。 8．（2021·天津和平·二模）—How can I find your brother at the airport? —Don’t worry. He________ a board with your name on it at that time. A．has held B．has been holding C．will be holding D．will have held 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——我在机场怎么能找到你哥哥？——不要担心。到那时，他手里会拿着一块写着你名字的牌子。根据后文“at that time”可知，表示将来某一时刻某一动作正在进行，应用将来进行时。故选C。 9．（19-20高三上·天津红桥·期末）— When can I see you, Mr. Black? Three o'clock this afternoon? — Oh, no. I ________ a meeting then. A．had B．have C．have had D．will be having 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：——我什么时候能见到你，布莱克先生？今天下午三点？——哦，不，那时我正在开会。根据“Three o'clock this afternoon?”可知，此处是指将来某个时间点正在发生的动作，应用将来进行时。故选D。 10．（18-19高三上·天津宝坻·期末）— Shall we set out at five sharp in the morning? — No, don’t ring me up that early. I ______ . A．sleep B．will be sleeping C．am sleeping D．will sleep 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：——我们早上5点整出发好吗?——不，别那么早给我打电话。那时我正在睡觉。本句的时间状语是in the morning是指将来的时间，此处表示在那个时候我将正在做某事，所以用将来进行时态。故选B。 考点三完成时 1．（2024·天津·高考真题）The Smiths _________ the online shopping experience in China since they moved back to New Zealand two years ago. A．had been missing B．were missing C．have been missing D．will be missing 命题解读 新情境：本题选取海外华人家庭怀念中国网购体验的生活化、时代化语境作为命题载体，贴近中外交流、跨境生活与数字生活的现实场景，符合高考英语 “立足真实生活、强调语法在交际中运用” 的命题趋势。句子将时态考点置于自然、有情感的表达中，不孤立考规则，体现 “语境化、实用化、时代化” 的高考语法改革方向。 新考法：本题核心考查现在完成进行时，属于天津高考语法最高频、最典型的时态考点。 题干标志性时间状语 since 从句（自从…… 以来）直接指向从过去持续到现在的动作或状态，考点清晰、干扰项典型，分别从过去完成、过去进行、将来进行设置迷惑选项，重点考查考生对时间轴线 + 动作持续性的判断能力，强调 “抓时间标志→定时态” 的解题思路。 新角度：本题从时间状语暗示、动作持续性、时态体系对比的角度设题。 命题人用 since + 一般过去时 这一强信号词，考查考生能否快速识别： since 引导时间状语 → 主句常用现在完成时 / 现在完成进行时 不考偏难怪，而是考最核心、最稳定、高考年年考的时态逻辑，突出天津高考语法 “重基础、重标志、重稳定规则” 的考查特点，强调在复杂句式中抓关键词、定时态的能力。 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：自从两年前搬回新西兰以来，史密斯一家一直很怀念在中国的网购体验。由since引导的时间状语从句可知，主句应该用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。结合选项可知，A选项为过去完成进行时；B选项为过去进行时；C选项为现在完成进行时；D选项为将来进行时。故选C。 2．（2023·天津·高考真题）Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ___________a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades. A．has caused B．have caused C．was causing D．were causing 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：人类对动物王国的影响，如狩猎和破坏栖息地，在过去的30年里导致了某些物种的数量的减少。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语in the past three decades可知应用现在完成时，主语Human impact，谓语用第三人称单数，故选A。 3．（2023·天津·高考真题）Some restaurants are happy to provide a free cake if you let them know in advance that you ________a group for a birthday party. A．will be bringing B．have brought C．have been bringing D．were bringing 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：如果你提前告诉一些餐馆你将带一个团队来参加生日派对，他们会很乐意提供一个免费的蛋糕。根据“in advance”可知，此处表示将来的动作，所以应用将来进行时。故选A。 4．（2022·天津·高考真题）The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school________ the party. A．cancels B．will cancel C．has cancelled D．had cancelled 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：当孩子们发现学校取消了派对时，他们无法掩饰他们的失望。结合句意可知，学校取消派对发生在前，孩子无法掩饰失望发生在后，故从句的cancel为“过去的过去”，需要用过去完成时态。故选D项。 5．（2022·天津·高考真题）Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions. A．prepare B．prepares C．is preparing D．are preparing 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的决定。短语together with/along with/as well as, etc连接两个并列的名词或代词做主语时谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词或代词决定，句子主语为Critical reasoning，谓语动词应用单数形式，此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时。故选B项。 6．（2020·天津·高考真题）The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level ever since. A．are remaining B．have remained C．is remaining D．has remained 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:20世纪90年代初，医学院的数量达到了18所，此后一直保持在这个水平。ever since“从那以后”作时间状语，句子用现在完成时态。主语为the number of medical schools，the number of表示“……的数目”，中心词是number，所以是单数，作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。综上，故选D。 7．（2020·天津·高考真题）—You are a great swimmer. —Thanks. It’s because I ______ a lot these days. A．have been practising B．was practising C．would practise D．had practised 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意:-你游泳很棒。-谢谢。这是因为这些天我一直在练习。根据时间状语these days(这些天)可知，“练习游泳”从数天前开始，一直持续到现在，因此该句应用现在完成进行时态。故选A。 8．（2020·天津·高考真题）A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city ____________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：去年进行的一项调查显示，该市80％的中年人赞成医疗改革的建议。通过分析句子结构并翻译语境可知，主句时态为一般过去时，根据时态一致性可知从句中时态也为一般过去时，且从句中主语80% of the middle-aged是复数，按照主谓一致原则，因此使用be动词were。故选D项。 9．（2020·天津·高考真题）—The machine is working again！ —Yes, it broke down yesterday, but it___________. A．has been fixed B．is being fixed C．had been fixed D．would be fixed 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：机器又运转了！是的，昨天机器出故障了，但已经被修好了。通过分析语境可知，此处使用现在完成时，表示截至目前已经完成的动作。故选A项。 知识点1 现在完成时 用法 示例 表示从过去某时开始的动作或状态持续到现在并有可能持续下去 He has worked here for over 20 years. 他在这里工作已有二十多年了。 Bows and arrows have long since been out of use. 弓和箭很久以前就不使用了。 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响 China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. 中国已成为首个航天器在月球背面着陆的国家。 用在固定句型 This/That/It is the first/second/...time + that 从句 It is the first time that the boy has spoken to a foreigner. 这是这个男孩第一次同外国人说话。 得分速记 常用的时间状语：already、yet、ever、before、lately、recently、up to now、so far、since + 过去的时间点 / 从句、for + 时间段、during/in the past/last + 时间段等。 知识点2 过去完成时 用法 示例 表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，强调 “过去的过去” By the end of yesterday, we had received over 1,000 letters from all over the world. 到昨天为止，我们已经收到了来自世界各地的一千多封信。 表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到过去另一个时间的动作或状态，并有可能持续下去 It had rained for five hours by 11:00. 到11点，已下了五个小时的雨。 He had been ill for a week when he was sent to the hospital. 当他被送到医院时，他已经病了一个星期了。 表示过去原本想做但事实上并未完成的事 (expect、hope、intend、mean、plan、suppose、want 等) We had meant to tell her the news but we found that she wasn't in. 我们本打算把这个消息告诉她，但是我们发现她不在家。 用在固定句型 had hardly done...when... 和 had no sooner done...than..., 意为 “一…… 就……” His sister had hardly heard the terrible news when she burst into tears. 他妹妹一听到这个噩耗就放声大哭起来。 We had no sooner sat down at the table than the phone rang. 我们刚在桌子旁坐下，电话铃就响了。 用在固定句型 This/That/It was the first/second/...time + that 从句 It was the first time that we had found common ground. 那是我们头一回达成共识。 得分速记 常用的时间状语：by + 过去时间点、by the end of + 过去时间点、before + 过去时间点 / 从句、when 引导的表示过去时间的从句等。 知识点3 将来完成时 用法：表示在将来的某一时刻已经完成的动作。 By the end of next year, we'll have learned 2,000 English words. 到明年年底，我们将学了2,000个英语单词。 得分速记 常用的时间状语：by + 将来时间点、by the end of + 将来时间点、by the time+时间状语从句（现在时）等。 知识点4 现在完成进行时 用法：表示从过去某时开始的动作一直持续到现在，这个动作可能刚刚结束，也可能仍在继续，强调动作的持续过程。 It has been raining heavily all day. 大雨下了一整天了。 You are out of breath. Have you been running? 你气喘吁吁的，你刚刚一直在跑步吗？ 1．（25-26高三上·天津蓟州·期末）The popular food blogger, together with her team, came to our restaurant for a tasting last week, and many a positive review she posted online ________ our customer flow ever since. A．boosted B．boost C．have boosted D．has boosted 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这位颇受欢迎的美食博主及其团队上周来到我们餐厅进行品尝活动，她在网上发布的诸多好评极大地促进了我们的客流量。and并列两个分句，she posted online为限制性定语从句修饰先行词review，空处为谓语，根据ever since可知，句子为现在完成时，主语为many a positive review，看作单数。boost意思为：促进，推动，此处用现在完成时结构has boosted。故选D。 2．（25-26高三上·天津和平·期末）More than one group interest in collaborating on the project, which could lead to exciting opportunities for everyone. A．have expressed B．has expressed C．have been expressing D．has been expressed 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：不止一个团队表示有兴趣合作这个项目，这可能会为每个人带来令人兴奋的机会。express(表示，表达)作主句谓语，与主语More than one group之间是主动关系，“表达兴趣”这个动作已经完成且对现在有影响，用现在完成时，且“more than one+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。故选B项。 3．（25-26高三上·天津南开·期末）The head teacher, as well as all the teachers in our grade, ________ extra English tutoring for students who fall behind since last month. A．had provided B．have provided C．provided D．has provided 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从上个月开始，班主任和我们年级的所有老师一起，为成绩落后的学生提供了额外的英语辅导。根据时间状语since last month可知句子应用现在完成时，as well as连接并列名词作主语时，遵循就远原则，本句谓语动词的单复数与the head teacher保持一致，用单数形式。故选D。 4．（24-25高三上·天津南开·期末）It’s the first time this term we________an examination after class in the afternoon. A．didn’t have B．haven’t had C．don’t have D．aren’t having 【答案】B 【详解】考查现在完成时和固定句型。句意：这是这学期我们第一次在下午课后没有考试。固定句型“It’s the first time + 现在完成时”，表示“这是第一次……”。故选B项。 5．（23-24高三上·天津河北·期末）The author, along with her writing group, ______a series of creative writing workshops in various local schools over the past two months. A．has conducted B．have conducted C．had conducted D．are conducting 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的两个月里，作者和她的写作小组在当地多所学校举办了一系列的创意写作工作坊。根据后文over the past two months可知，应用现在完成时，along with连接并列主语时，谓语动词应与前面的主语保持主谓一致，即和author保持一致，助动词用has。故选A。 6．（23-24高三上·天津南开·期末）Since 1993, the number of people living in Old Montreal ________ from 100 to 6, 000. A．has grown B．have grown C．is growing D．are growing 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自1993年以来，居住在老蒙特利尔的人口已经从100人增加到6000人。grow“增加”是句中谓语动词，根据时间状语Since 1993可知，用现在完成时态，the number of...作主语，表示“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数形式。综上，谓语动词grow用现在完成时单数形式。故选A项。 7．（24-25高三上·天津河北·期末）By the time he moved to Vienna, Ludwig van Beethoven ______ a reputation as a wonderful young musician. A．enjoyed B．was enjoying C．has enjoyed D．had enjoyed 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当Ludwig van Beethoven搬到维也纳时，他已经拥有了作为一位优秀青年音乐家的声誉。enjoy“享有”。时间状语为“by+过去时间”，句子时态用过去完成时，根据时间状语By the time he moved to Vienna可知，主句时态需用过去完成时，谓语用had enjoyed。故选D。 8．（24-25高三上·天津红桥·期末）I ________ to visit my grandparents last weekend, but I was too busy. A．had planned B．planned C．would plan D．have planned 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我上周末本计划去看望祖父母，但我太忙了。plan“计划”这一动作发生在was之前，描述的是在过去的过去的动作，时态应用过去完成时态，谓语用had planned。故选A。 9．（2022·天津南开·一模）It was the first time in six attempts that Peters ______the world champion. A．has beaten B．was beaten C．beat D．had beaten 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这是彼得斯六次尝试中第一次击败世界冠军。此句考查句型It was the first time + that从句，意为“这是某人第一次做某事”，从句要用过去完成时。故选D项。 10．（21-22高三上·天津南开·期中）The young man, when questioned why he ______ the mobile phone, just looked at the policeman and said nothing. A．had stolen B．stole C．steals D．was stealing 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：当被问到为什么偷手机时，年轻人只是看着警察，什么也没说。why引导宾语从句缺乏谓语，从句谓语动词steal发生在主句谓语looked at and said之前，即“过去的过去”，steal用过去完成时。故选A项。 11．（24-25高三上·天津南开·期末）The Browns the online shopping experience in China since they moved back to New Zealand one year ago. A．have been missing B．had been missing C．were missing D．will be missing 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：自从一年前搬回新西兰后，布朗一家就一直怀念着在中国的网购经历。根据句意和时间状语“since they moved back to New Zealand one year ago”可知，miss(怀念)这一动作从过去持续到现在，可能仍然要继续下去，强调动作的延续性，应用现在完成进行时。故选A项。 12．（23-24高三上·天津和平·期末）With its magical landscapes, diverse species and mirror-like sky, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau people’s admiration for centuries. A．had attracted B．attracted C．attracts D．has been attracting 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：几个世纪以来，青藏高原以其神奇的风景、多样的物种和镜子般的天空吸引着人们的崇拜。attract是句中谓语动词，结合时间状语for centuries可知，描述从几个世纪前一直持续到现在的动作，可用现在完成时态或现在完成进行时态。结合选项，D项符合语境。故选D项。 13．（23-24高三上·天津河北·期末）I won’t tell the students the answer to the math problem until they ________ on it for more than an hour. A．have been working B．had worked C．will have been working D．will have worked 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：直到学生做了一个多小时，我才告诉学生这道数学题的答案。空处为时间状语从句的谓语动词，根据“for more than an hour”和语境可知，此处指动作从过去开始延续到现在，强调动作的持续性，应用现在完成进行时。故选A。 14．（23-24高三上·天津南开·期末）Don’t disturb me. I ______ the letters all morning and ______ ten so far. A．write; wrote B．am writing; have written C．was writing; wrote D．have been writing; have written 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：不要打扰我。我整个上午都在写这些信，到目前为止已经写了十封信了。根据句意和all morning可知，空一的动作表示从过去一直到现在的一段时间内一直进行的动作，用现在完成进行时，根据so far可知，空二动作表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，用现在完成时，故选D。 15．（21-22高三上·天津南开·期末）The media________ the trade-unions for years and the unions have called for a change. A．has been attacking B．has been attacked C．had attacked D．had been attacked 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：多年来，媒体一直在攻击工会，而工会也呼吁做出改变。根据for years及have called可知，此句的时态应是现在完成时；根据句意可知，动作一直持续下去，故用现在完成进行时。故选A项。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司21 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 动词的时态、语态及主谓一致 01 析·考点精解 1 02 构·知能框架 2 03 破·考点攻坚 3 考点一 一般时 4 知识点1 一般现在时 6 知识点2 一般过去时 7 知识点3 一般将来时和过去将来时 7 考点二 进行时 10 知识点1 现在进行时和过去进行时 11 知识点2 将来进行时 12 考点三完成时 13 知识点1 现在完成时 15 知识点2 过去完成时 16 知识点3 将来完成时 17 知识点4 现在完成进行时 17 01 析·考点精解 命题轨迹透视 语篇选材贴近时代与生活，涵盖社会、科技、环保等多元领域；基础题占 60%，中档题 30%，难题 10%，区分度清晰；强调 “语境语法”，需结合语义与逻辑解题。 考点频次总结 年份 2025 首考 2025 二考 2024 首考 2024 二考 2023 首考 2023 二考 2022 首考 2022 二考 2021 首考 2021 二考 考点 14，现在完成时及主谓一致 7，过去完成时及其被动 3，现在完成进行时 6，现在完成时及其被动 11，将来进行时 12，现在完成时及主谓一致 7，现在进行时及其被动 10，过去完成时 2，一般过去时及其被动语态 3，现在完成时 4，过去完成时及其被动语态 2026命题预测 结合近年天真题，此类题目延续 “语境化” 考查，纯语法题占比持续下降；核心考点稳定，语篇选材更注重人文关怀与跨学科视野，重点考察时态、语态和主谓一致三大考点的综合分析。 02 构·知能框架 02 构·构 03 破·考点攻坚 谓语动词时态的基本形式 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般 一般现在时 do/does 一般过去时 did 一般将来时 will do am/is/are going to do am/is/are about to do am/is/are to do 过去将来时 would do was/were going to do was/were about to do was/were to do 进行 现在进行时 am/is/are doing 过去进行时 was/were doing 将来进行时 will be doing 过去将来进行时 完成 现在完成时 have/has done 过去完成时 had done 将来完成时 will have done 过去将来完成时 完成 进行 现在完成进行时 have/has been doing 过去完成进行时 将来完成进行时 过去将来完成进行时 考点一 一般时 1．（2022·天津·高考真题）Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions. A．prepare B．prepares C．is preparing D．are preparing 命题解读 新情境：本题选取批判性思维与问题解决能力对青少年决策的作用这一贴近中学生成长与教育的话题作为命题语境，语言正式、表意清晰，符合高考英语语法题 “立足现实语境、体现教育导向” 的命题趋势。题目将语法知识置于完整、有意义的句子中考查，强调在真实表达中运用语法规则，而非孤立记忆语法条目，体现 “语境化、实用化” 的高考改革方向。 新考法：本题以主谓一致为核心考点，采用主语 + 插入语的经典命题结构，集中考查考生对句子主干的识别能力。句子主语为单数名词，中间插入由 together with 连接的复数名词，构成典型干扰结构，旨在区分真正主语与修饰成分。题目不侧重时态细节辨析，而聚焦句子结构与语法关系判断，属于高考英语语法中基础但高频、易丢分的必考题型，侧重考查考生的句法分析能力与规则运用能力。 新角度：本题从结构干扰、信息后置、主干识别的角度设题，故意将复数名词 teenagers 紧跟在空格前，形成视觉与语感上的强烈干扰，考查考生 “去修饰、抓主干” 的句法分析能力。命题思路典型：真正主语在前，插入语在后，谓语单复数只由核心主语决定。这种设题方式突出高考语法 “重结构、重逻辑、重辨析” 的考查要求，强调在复杂句式中精准判断语法关系，而非仅凭语感或就近名词草率选择。 2．（2009·天津·高考真题）My parents in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else. A．live B．lived C．were living D．will live 3．（2025·天津·高考真题）The Song Dynasty the introduction of jiaozi, which is supposedly the world’s first paper money. A．has seen B．had seen C．sees D．saw 4．（2020·天津·高考真题）A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city ____________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform. A．is B．are C．was D．were 5．（2019·天津·高考真题）Amy, as well as her brothers, ________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. A．is given B．are given C．was given D．were given 6．（2018·天津·高考真题）I jumped with joy the moment I ______ my driver’s license in the mail. A．receive B．received C．had received D．would receive 7．（2017·天津·高考真题）One night, at about midnight, I ______ the sky for about an hour. The stars were shining like diamonds. A．have watched B．had watched C．watch D．watched 8．（2015·天津·高考真题）(2015·天津) Only when Lily walked into the office_________that she had left the contract at home. A．she realized B．has she realized C．she has realized D．did she realize 9．（2012·天津·高考真题） The three of us __________around Europe for about a month last summer. A．travelled B．have travelled C．had travelled D．travel 10．（2008·天津·高考真题）He _____ football regularly for many years when he was young. A．was playing B．played C．has played D．had played 知识点1 一般现在时 用法 示例 表示经常性、习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态 I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning. 我每天早上七点从家出发去学校。 She always takes a walk in the evening. 她总是在晚间散步。 表示主语现在的身份、特征、状态、能力、性格等 We are very busy these days. 这些天我们很忙。 The dangerous situation calls for a calm head. 危险的形势需要冷静的头脑。 表示客观事实、普遍真理或格言 Light travels faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快。 Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待。 用于新闻标题、历史简介、小说章节标题或小说、电影、戏剧情节介绍、图片说明等 Bank Robbery: Robbers take $10,000 银行劫案：匪徒抢走一万美金 (新闻标题) The Queen arrives for the opening ceremony. 女王出席了开幕式。(照片说明) 表示将来 用于时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句，代替一般将来时 When I grow up, I will be a nurse and look after patients. 我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。 按时间表、计划或安排将要发生的动作 (一般不会轻易改变) The train arrives at 10:30. 火车十点半到达。 得分速记 1. 常与一般现在时连用的时间状语: ① 频度副词:never 从不、seldom 很少、sometimes 有时、often 经常、usually 通常、always 总是； ② 其他时间状语:once in a while 偶尔、once a week 一周一次、twice a month 每月两次、from time to time 时不时、at weekends 在周末、every day/week/month/year 每天 / 周 / 月 / 年等。 2. 常用一般现在时表将来的动词：come、go、arrive、leave、begin、start、return 等。 知识点2 一般过去时 用法 示例 表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态 I left my bedroom door open and my dog chewed my shoes. 我把卧室的门开着，我的狗咬坏了我的鞋子。 表示过去一段时间内经常、反复发生的动作或存在的状态 (常与频度副词连用) When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 当我小的时候，我经常在街上踢足球。 Wherever he traveled in those years, he wrote down what he saw and heard. 那些年里，他每到一个地方旅行，总会把所见所闻记下来。 用于时间状语从句、条件状语从句或原因状语从句，代替过去将来时 Alina said she would come if I promised to wait for her. 阿丽娜说如果我答应等她，她就会来。 I didn't go to the party that evening as I started off on the journey at dawn. 那天晚上我没有去参加聚会，因为我黎明时要出发去旅行。 得分速记 常与一般过去时连用的时间状语: yesterday (昨天)、yesterday morning/afternoon/evening (昨天早上 / 下午 / 晚上)、once (曾经)、last night/year (昨晚 / 去年)、a few days ago (几天前)、the other day (几天前)、at that time (当时)、at that moment (在那一刻)、just now (刚刚)、in 2005 (在 2005 年)、in the old days (在过去的岁月里) 等。 知识点3 一般将来时和过去将来时 一般将来时 过去将来时 构成 will/shall + 动词原形 (shall 用于第一人称，will 可用于各种人称) would/should + 动词原形 用法 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 (立足现在), 常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如 tomorrow、soon、in the future、next week/month/year 等 表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态 (立足过去), 常用于宾语从句 示例 When I was a child, I thought I would know the answers to everything, but now I understand that the future life won't have a standard answer. 当我还是个孩子的时候，我觉得我会知道所有问题的答案，但现在我明白，未来的生活并没有标准答案。(would know 立足过去，won't have 立足现在) 得分速记 表示将来意义的结构及其意义 形式 意义 示例 be going to + 动词原形 决定、打算要做 (事先思考过或计划好，主观色彩较强) They are going to hold a meeting to discuss our research project. 他们打算开个会来讨论我们的研究计划。 I was going to buy a car then. 我当时正打算买一部车。 有迹象表明将要发生的事 (有趋势) It looks as if the weather is going to turn bad. 看起来天气好像要变糟了。 be about to + 动词原形 马上或眼下就要发生，不与表示具体时间的状语连用 (说话时就是时间状语) Sit down please, everyone. The film is about to start. 大家请坐下，电影马上开始。 He was about to say something more, and then checked himself. 他还想说几句，却又止住了。 be to + 动词原形 表示主观的计划、安排、约定、意图 When is the opening ceremony to be? 开幕式什么时候举行？ 表示应该、命令、禁止、义务或可能性 (有感情色彩，相当于情态动词) What am I to tell her when she finds out? 要是她发现了，我将怎样对她说呢？ The magazines are not to be taken out of the reading room. 杂志不准带出阅览室。 As a soldier, he was to do whatever he was ordered to do. 作为军人，他必须执行命令。 用于 if 引导的条件状语从句，表示意图、打算，意为 “如果想”, 相当于 want to 或 should Stronger measures are needed to protect the environment if mankind is to survive. 如果人类要继续生存下去，就需要采取更强有力的措施来保护环境。 进行时 用于表示位置转移的动词 (如 come、go、leave、arrive、return、begin 等), 表示已计划或安排好的事 We are leaving early tomorrow morning. 我们明天一早就出发。 We were told that the plane was taking off in ten minutes. 我们被告知飞机十分钟后就要起飞了。 1．（24-25高三上·天津和平·期末）Ten dollars __________ as much as before, Daddy. Give me more, please. A．doesn’t buy B．don’t buy C．didn’t buy D．isn’t bought 2．（23-24高三上·天津和平·期末）Assuming an earthquake ______what will we do? A．to happen B．happens C．happening D．will happen 3．（25-26高三上·天津河北·期末）I still remember my first trip to Lhasa when my parents ________ me on the Sky Railway to celebrate my graduation. A．would take B．took C．have taken D．had taken 4．（23-24高三上·天津河北·期末）Last night, around midnight, I ______the sky for nearly an hour. The stars shone like diamonds. A．had observed B．have observed C．observe D．observed 5．（20-21高三上·天津和平·期末）I _____ for the airport to catch the flight at 6 pm. Please send the file to me within ten minutes. A．am leaving B．have left C．was leaving D．had left 6．（2021·天津·二模）More than one living species ________ forever from the earth every half an hour, which is an alarming speed. A．disappears B．are disappearing C．disappear D．is disappearing 7．（21-22高三上·天津·期末）There are nearly 7000 local languages in the world, but only 7% ______ reflected in published online material. A．were B．was C．is D．are 8．（18-19高三上·天津宝坻·期末）This sort of clothing material, which feels soft, ______. A．catches fire easily B．is caught fire easily C．is easy caught fire D．is easily to catch fire 9．（22-23高三上·天津和平·期末）Normally, I would never do anything like skydiving, but I ________ to give it a try since the lessons were free. A．decided B．had decided C．would decide D．have decided 10．（21-22高三上·天津南开·期末）Mary____ in Beijing for 5 years, but she has never regretted moving back to Tianjin. A．has worked B．was working C．had worked D．worked 考点二 进行时 1．（2023·天津·高考真题）Some restaurants are happy to provide a free cake if you let them know in advance that you ________a group for a birthday party. A．will be bringing B．have brought C．have been bringing D．were bringing 命题解读 新情境：本题选取餐厅生日预订服务的生活化实用场景作为命题语境，贴近日常交际，符合高考英语 “语法在真实语境中考查、强调交际实用性” 的命题趋势。句子围绕提前告知餐厅生日聚会需求展开，语境自然清晰，侧重考查在真实交流中准确使用时态的能力，体现 “语境化、交际化” 的高考语法改革方向。 新考法：本题核心考查将来时态与语境逻辑，重点辨析不同时态在时间与意图上的差异。题干中 in advance（提前） 和 birthday party 明确指向未来、计划中将要发生的动作，考点聚焦将来进行时在表示已安排、预计会发生的动作时的用法。题目通过设置不同时间维度的时态干扰项，考查考生对动作时间先后、动作状态与语境意图的精准判断能力，属于天津高考语法必考的高频时态题型。 新角度：本题从时间线索隐藏、动作计划性、语境暗示的角度设题，不直接出现 tomorrow、next week 等明显将来时间词，而是用 in advance 暗示动作发生在未来，考查考生通过语境逻辑判断时态的能力。干扰项分别覆盖现在完成、现在完成进行、过去进行，从时间与动作状态上形成多重干扰，突出高考语法 “重语境、重逻辑、重用法” 的考查要求，强调不靠死记规则，而靠理解句意选择最贴合表达意图的时态。 2．（2021·天津·高考真题）Good evening, everybody. Professor King ________ his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first. A．delivered B．will be delivering C．was delivering D．has been delivering 3．（2018·天津·高考真题）My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. A．was repaired B．is repaired C．is being repaired D．has been repaired 4．（2017·天津·高考真题）I ________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. A．was driving B．have driven C．would drive D．drove 5．（2013·天津·高考真题）The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers ________ one of the main pipes. A．had repaired B．have repaired C．repaired D．are repairing 6．（2015·天津·高考真题）Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she ______ a class at that time. A．will teach B．would teach C．has taught D．will be teaching 知识点1 现在进行时和过去进行时 现在进行时 过去进行时 构成 am/is/are doing was/were doing 基本用法 ①表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态 ②表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态，但说话时动作不一定在进行 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生的动作或存在的状态 标志词 now、just now、at present、at the moment、these days、look、listen 等 then、at that time、the whole morning、this time yesterday、last night 等 示例 I'm waiting to have a word with you. 我在等着和你说句话。 He is generally going to bed at 11:00 these days. 他这些日子通常11点睡觉。 We were discussing the plan this time yesterday. 昨天这时候我们正在讨论这个计划。 We were expecting you yesterday. 我们昨天一直在等你。 得分速记 用法 示例 表达感情色彩：与 always、constantly、frequently、forever 等副词连用，表示重复的动作使人感到不满、厌倦或觉得不合情理，有时也可表示赞赏、满意 She is constantly disturbing me in class. 她在课上不停地打扰我。(厌烦) Maria is always thinking of others. 玛丽亚总为别人着想。(赞美) He was forever complaining. 他总是抱怨。(不满) 表示将来：一些非延续性动词 (come、go、leave、arrive、die、start、stop 等) 可以用进行时态表示按照计划动作即将发生 Hurry up! The train is arriving soon. 快点儿！火车很快就要到了。 They wanted to know when we were leaving for Beijing. 他们想知道我们什么时候动身去北京。 表示变化过程:begin、start、become、grow、get、lose 等的进行时态可以表示从一种状态逐渐变化到另一种状态 It is getting warmer and warmer. 天气变得越来越暖和了。 After waiting for half an hour she was beginning to get angry. 等了半个小时之后她开始生气了。 知识点2 将来进行时   用法：表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态，或按计划、安排将要发生的事情。 得分速记 常用的时间状语：soon、then、in two days、this time tomorrow、tomorrow morning、at 9:00 next Monday、from 10:00 to 11:00 tomorrow、the day after tomorrow 等。 I will be waiting for you at the school gate then. 届时我将在学校大门口等你。 This time tomorrow we'll be sitting in the cinema and watching a film. 明天这个时候我们将坐在电影院里看电影。 1．（25-26高三上·天津西青·期末）Group work, along with class discussions, ________  students learn more effectively these days. A．is helping B．are helping C．was helping D．were helping 2．（23-24高三上·天津河东·期末）—May I take the typewriter away? —Sorry, I ______ it. A．am using B．used C．have used D．was using 3．（20-21高三上·天津和平·期末）I _____ for the airport to catch the flight at 6 pm. Please send the file to me within ten minutes. A．am leaving B．have left C．was leaving D．had left 4．（24-25高三上·天津红桥·期末）He ________ for the bus when it began to rain heavily. A．waited B．was waiting C．have waited D．had waited 5．（23-24高三上·天津西青·期末）The police________ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in the theatre. A．are searching B．were searching C．is searching D．was searching 6．（25-26高三上·天津南开·期末）At this time tomorrow, we ________ with our foreign teacher via video call to practice our spoken English and discuss cultural diversity. A．will chat B．will be chatting C．are chatting D．have chatted 7．（23-24高三上·天津和平·期末）I expect you ______bored with working at the Post Office by this time next year and_______ for a more interesting job. A．have become; will have looked B．found; will have planned C．will have become; will be looking D．had found; had been planning 8．（2021·天津和平·二模）—How can I find your brother at the airport? —Don’t worry. He________ a board with your name on it at that time. A．has held B．has been holding C．will be holding D．will have held 9．（19-20高三上·天津红桥·期末）— When can I see you, Mr. Black? Three o'clock this afternoon? — Oh, no. I ________ a meeting then. A．had B．have C．have had D．will be having 10．（18-19高三上·天津宝坻·期末）— Shall we set out at five sharp in the morning? — No, don’t ring me up that early. I ______ . A．sleep B．will be sleeping C．am sleeping D．will sleep 考点三完成时 1．（2024·天津·高考真题）The Smiths _________ the online shopping experience in China since they moved back to New Zealand two years ago. A．had been missing B．were missing C．have been missing D．will be missing 命题解读 新情境：本题选取海外华人家庭怀念中国网购体验的生活化、时代化语境作为命题载体，贴近中外交流、跨境生活与数字生活的现实场景，符合高考英语 “立足真实生活、强调语法在交际中运用” 的命题趋势。句子将时态考点置于自然、有情感的表达中，不孤立考规则，体现 “语境化、实用化、时代化” 的高考语法改革方向。 新考法：本题核心考查现在完成进行时，属于天津高考语法最高频、最典型的时态考点。 题干标志性时间状语 since 从句（自从…… 以来）直接指向从过去持续到现在的动作或状态，考点清晰、干扰项典型，分别从过去完成、过去进行、将来进行设置迷惑选项，重点考查考生对时间轴线 + 动作持续性的判断能力，强调 “抓时间标志→定时态” 的解题思路。 新角度：本题从时间状语暗示、动作持续性、时态体系对比的角度设题。 命题人用 since + 一般过去时 这一强信号词，考查考生能否快速识别： since 引导时间状语 → 主句常用现在完成时 / 现在完成进行时 不考偏难怪，而是考最核心、最稳定、高考年年考的时态逻辑，突出天津高考语法 “重基础、重标志、重稳定规则” 的考查特点，强调在复杂句式中抓关键词、定时态的能力。 2．（2023·天津·高考真题）Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ___________a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades. A．has caused B．have caused C．was causing D．were causing 3．（2023·天津·高考真题）Some restaurants are happy to provide a free cake if you let them know in advance that you ________a group for a birthday party. A．will be bringing B．have brought C．have been bringing D．were bringing 4．（2022·天津·高考真题）The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school________ the party. A．cancels B．will cancel C．has cancelled D．had cancelled 5．（2022·天津·高考真题）Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions. A．prepare B．prepares C．is preparing D．are preparing 6．（2020·天津·高考真题）The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level ever since. A．are remaining B．have remained C．is remaining D．has remained 7．（2020·天津·高考真题）—You are a great swimmer. —Thanks. It’s because I ______ a lot these days. A．have been practising B．was practising C．would practise D．had practised 8．（2020·天津·高考真题）A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city ____________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform. A．is B．are C．was D．were 9．（2020·天津·高考真题）—The machine is working again！ —Yes, it broke down yesterday, but it___________. A．has been fixed B．is being fixed C．had been fixed D．would be fixed 知识点1 现在完成时 用法 示例 表示从过去某时开始的动作或状态持续到现在并有可能持续下去 He has worked here for over 20 years. 他在这里工作已有二十多年了。 Bows and arrows have long since been out of use. 弓和箭很久以前就不使用了。 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响 China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. 中国已成为首个航天器在月球背面着陆的国家。 用在固定句型 This/That/It is the first/second/...time + that 从句 It is the first time that the boy has spoken to a foreigner. 这是这个男孩第一次同外国人说话。 得分速记 常用的时间状语：already、yet、ever、before、lately、recently、up to now、so far、since + 过去的时间点 / 从句、for + 时间段、during/in the past/last + 时间段等。 知识点2 过去完成时 用法 示例 表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，强调 “过去的过去” By the end of yesterday, we had received over 1,000 letters from all over the world. 到昨天为止，我们已经收到了来自世界各地的一千多封信。 表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到过去另一个时间的动作或状态，并有可能持续下去 It had rained for five hours by 11:00. 到11点，已下了五个小时的雨。 He had been ill for a week when he was sent to the hospital. 当他被送到医院时，他已经病了一个星期了。 表示过去原本想做但事实上并未完成的事 (expect、hope、intend、mean、plan、suppose、want 等) We had meant to tell her the news but we found that she wasn't in. 我们本打算把这个消息告诉她，但是我们发现她不在家。 用在固定句型 had hardly done...when... 和 had no sooner done...than..., 意为 “一…… 就……” His sister had hardly heard the terrible news when she burst into tears. 他妹妹一听到这个噩耗就放声大哭起来。 We had no sooner sat down at the table than the phone rang. 我们刚在桌子旁坐下，电话铃就响了。 用在固定句型 This/That/It was the first/second/...time + that 从句 It was the first time that we had found common ground. 那是我们头一回达成共识。 得分速记 常用的时间状语：by + 过去时间点、by the end of + 过去时间点、before + 过去时间点 / 从句、when 引导的表示过去时间的从句等。 知识点3 将来完成时 用法：表示在将来的某一时刻已经完成的动作。 By the end of next year, we'll have learned 2,000 English words. 到明年年底，我们将学了2,000个英语单词。 得分速记 常用的时间状语：by + 将来时间点、by the end of + 将来时间点、by the time+时间状语从句（现在时）等。 知识点4 现在完成进行时 用法：表示从过去某时开始的动作一直持续到现在，这个动作可能刚刚结束，也可能仍在继续，强调动作的持续过程。 It has been raining heavily all day. 大雨下了一整天了。 You are out of breath. Have you been running? 你气喘吁吁的，你刚刚一直在跑步吗？ 1．（25-26高三上·天津蓟州·期末）The popular food blogger, together with her team, came to our restaurant for a tasting last week, and many a positive review she posted online ________ our customer flow ever since. A．boosted B．boost C．have boosted D．has boosted 2．（25-26高三上·天津和平·期末）More than one group interest in collaborating on the project, which could lead to exciting opportunities for everyone. A．have expressed B．has expressed C．have been expressing D．has been expressed 3．（25-26高三上·天津南开·期末）The head teacher, as well as all the teachers in our grade, ________ extra English tutoring for students who fall behind since last month. A．had provided B．have provided C．provided D．has provided 4．（24-25高三上·天津南开·期末）It’s the first time this term we________an examination after class in the afternoon. A．didn’t have B．haven’t had C．don’t have D．aren’t having 5．（23-24高三上·天津河北·期末）The author, along with her writing group, ______a series of creative writing workshops in various local schools over the past two months. A．has conducted B．have conducted C．had conducted D．are conducting 6．（23-24高三上·天津南开·期末）Since 1993, the number of people living in Old Montreal ________ from 100 to 6, 000. A．has grown B．have grown C．is growing D．are growing 7．（24-25高三上·天津河北·期末）By the time he moved to Vienna, Ludwig van Beethoven ______ a reputation as a wonderful young musician. A．enjoyed B．was enjoying C．has enjoyed D．had enjoyed 8．（24-25高三上·天津红桥·期末）I ________ to visit my grandparents last weekend, but I was too busy. A．had planned B．planned C．would plan D．have planned 9．（2022·天津南开·一模）It was the first time in six attempts that Peters ______the world champion. A．has beaten B．was beaten C．beat D．had beaten 10．（21-22高三上·天津南开·期中）The young man, when questioned why he ______ the mobile phone, just looked at the policeman and said nothing. A．had stolen B．stole C．steals D．was stealing 11．（24-25高三上·天津南开·期末）The Browns the online shopping experience in China since they moved back to New Zealand one year ago. A．have been missing B．had been missing C．were missing D．will be missing 12．（23-24高三上·天津和平·期末）With its magical landscapes, diverse species and mirror-like sky, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau people’s admiration for centuries. A．had attracted B．attracted C．attracts D．has been attracting 13．（23-24高三上·天津河北·期末）I won’t tell the students the answer to the math problem until they ________ on it for more than an hour. A．have been working B．had worked C．will have been working D．will have worked 14．（23-24高三上·天津南开·期末）Don’t disturb me. I ______ the letters all morning and ______ ten so far. A．write; wrote B．am writing; have written C．was writing; wrote D．have been writing; have written 15．（21-22高三上·天津南开·期末）The media________ the trade-unions for years and the unions have called for a change. A．has been attacking B．has been attacked C．had attacked D．had been attacked 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司21 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $