Unit 1 Winter holidays（知识清单）英语鲁科版五四制五年级下册

该小学英语知识清单系统梳理了“Winter holidays”单元核心内容，涵盖语音语调、必记单词、常考短语、必会句型及核心语法（一般过去时），搭建从基础语音规则到语法应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“考点星级标注”（★★★）突出重难点，如动词过去式规则与不规则变化对比，培养思维品质。设计“提分练”分层练习（填空、选择、句型转换）并附参考答案，助力学生自主检测提升学习能力。语法部分结构化呈现一般过去时句式，强化语言能力，教师可据此精准设计教学，提升课堂实效。

Unit 1 Winter holidays知 识 归 纳 语音语调 特殊疑问句（对动作、地点等提问）：句末用降调。 例: What did you do in the holidays? ↓ 一般疑问句（询问动作是否发生）：句末用升调。 例:Did you swim in the sea? ↑ 含否定词 didn’t 的句子，重读 didn’t 突出否定含义 例：I didn’t go ice fishing.（重读 didn’t） 必记单词 holiday n. 假期 winter n. 冬天 learn v. 学习 go v. 去 do v. 做；干 have v. 有；度过 take v. 拍摄；拿 visit v./n. 拜访；参观 ski v./n. 滑雪 picture n./v. 照片 wonderful adj. 极好的；精彩的 difficult adj. 困难的 beautiful adj. 美丽的 enjoy v. 享受；喜爱 festival n. 节日 lantern n. 灯笼 happy adj. 开心的 ice n./v. 冰 parade n./v. 游行 riddle n. 谜语 常考短语 winter holidays 寒假 learn Beijing Opera 学习京剧 go to Hainan 去海南 swim in the sea 在海里游泳 have a good time 玩得开心 take pictures 拍照 visit grandparents 拜访祖父母 ice fishing 冰钓 dog sledding 狗拉雪橇 watch a parade 看游行 guess a riddle 猜谜语 get a prize 得奖 go back to 回到（某地） play ice hockey 打冰球 必会句型 1.询问对方假期过得怎么样的特殊疑问句 How were your winter holidays? （主语）+ be动词过去式 + 形容词. 例:—How were your winter holidays? 你的寒假过得怎么样？ — They were wonderful! 非常精彩！ 2.询问对方假期是否做某事的一般疑问句 Did you take pictures there? Yes, 主语 + did. / No, 主语 + didn’t. 例:—Did you take pictures there? 你在那里拍照了吗？ — Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. 是的，我拍了。/ 不，我没拍。 3.询问对方过去去了哪里的特殊疑问句 Where did you go last month? （主语）+ went to + 地点名词. 例:—Where did you go last month? 你上个月去哪里了？ — I went to Ottawa. 我去了渥太华。 4.表达过去没做某事、转而做了另一件事的陈述句 主语 + didn’t + 动词原形. 主语 + 动词过去式短语. 例: I didn’t ski. I helped my mom cook dinner. 我没有滑雪。我帮妈妈做了晚饭。 核心语法 一般过去时（本单元核心时态）： 1. 含义：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 yesterday、last week、in the holidays 等过去时间状语连用。 2. 动词过去式变化： 规则变化：visit → visited（加 -ed）、ski → skied（加 -ed） 不规则变化：go → went、do → did、have → had、take → took、learn → learned/learnt 3. 基本句式： 肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他，例：She visited her friends. 否定句：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他，例：He didn’t go to school. 一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？例：Did they have yuanxiao? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？例：What did she do? 考 点 速 记 考点 01 动词过去式的变化与运用变化规则 1. 规则变化：直接在动词后加-ed，如learn→learned、visit→visited。 2. 不规则变化（本课时重点）： 动词原形 过去式 例句 go went I went to Hainan. swim swam I swam in the sea. take took He took many pictures. have had I had a good time. 不规则动词的过去式需单独记忆，是本课时的核心易错点。 陈述句中，主语为第三人称单数时，动词仍用过去式（无需变单三形式） 如：Li Ming learned Beijing Opera. ★★★ 规则变化：直接加 -ed（visit→visited） 不规则变化需特殊记忆（go→went、take→took）。 提分练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Wang Hong ____ (go) to Hainan last winter holiday. 2. I ____ (swim) in the sea yesterday. 3. They ____ (take) many pictures in the park. 4. She ____ (learn) Beijing Opera at an art school. 5. We ____ (have) a good time in the holidays. 二、写出下列动词的过去式。 1. learn → ____ 2. go → ____ 3. swim → ____ 4. take → ____ 5. have → ____ 三、选择正确的动词过去式填空。 1. He ____ (visit/visited) his friends in Canada last week. 2. I ____ (go/went) to the art school yesterday. 3. She ____ (swim/swam) in the sea last summer. 4. We ____ (take/took) some photos in Beijing. 5. They ____ (have/had) a great winter holiday. 考点 02 一般过去时的否定句（didn’t + 动词原形） I didn’t go ice fishing.(我没有去冰钓。) didn’t 后跟动词原形，go ice fishing 去冰钓 ★★★  否定句结构：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他，didn’t 后动词必须还原。 一、单项选择。 ( )1.I ____ go swimming yesterday. A. don’t B. didn’t C. wasn’t ( )2.They ____ take pictures in the zoo. A. didn’t B. doesn’t C. aren’t ( )3.She ____ visit her uncle last week. A. didn’t B. don’t C. isn’t ( )4.He ____ have yuanxiao for breakfast. A. didn’t B. doesn’t C. wasn’t ( )5.We ____ go dog sledding. A. aren’t B. didn’t C. don’t 二、按要求改写句子（改为否定句） (1)He went to Hainan. → ________________ (2) She took pictures of the parade. → ________________ (3)They learned Beijing Opera. → ________________ (4) I visited my grandparents. → ________________ (5) Tom had a good time. → ________________ 考点 03 一般疑问句（询问 “过去是否做了某事”） — Did you swim in the sea?（你在海里游泳了吗？） — Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. 核心句型：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？（某人是否做了某事？） 回答方式：肯定：Yes, 主语 + did. 否定：No, 主语 + didn’t. ★★★ 一般疑问句由Did开头，其后动词必须用原形，不能用过去式。 回答时需用did/didn’t呼应。 主语要根据问句进行对应转换（如问句you，答句I/we）。提分练 一、单项选择。 ( ) 1. —____ you swim in the sea? —Yes, I did. A. Do B. Does C. Did ( ) 2. —Did Li Ming ____ Beijing Opera? —Yes, he did. A. learn B. learned C. learns ( ) 3. —Did Peter ____ back to Canada? —No, he didn’t. A. went B. go C. goes ( ) 4. —____ they visit their friends? —No, they didn’t. A. Do B. Did C. Are ( ) 5. —Did she ____ a good time? —Yes, she did. A. have B. has C. had 二、按要求回答问题。 1. Did you go to Hainan in the holidays?（作肯定回答） ________________________________ 2. Did Li Ming learn Beijing Opera?（作否定回答）  ________________________________ 3. Did Peter take many pictures?（作肯定回答） ________________________________ 4. Did they swim in the sea?（作否定回答） ________________________________ 5. Did your mother visit her friends?（作肯定回答） ________________________________ 三、陈述句变一般疑问句。 1. I went to the art school in the holidays. ________________________________ 2. She swam in the sea yesterday. ________________________________ 3. They visited their grandparents last week. ________________________________ 4. He took many pictures in Canada. ________________________________ 5. We had a good time in the winter holidays. ________________________________ 考点 04 一般过去时特殊疑问句（询问过去的状态） —How were your winter holidays?（你的寒假过得怎么样？） —Wonderful!（太棒了！）/ It was great.（很不错。） 核心句型：How were + 主语 + 时间状语？（某人某段时间过得怎么样？） 答句结构：主语 + was/were + 形容词. ★★★ were用于第二人称单复数/第一、三人称复数 was用于第一人称单数/第三人称单数 该句型用于询问假期、旅行等的整体感受，答句常用形容词（wonderful/great/good等）回应。 提分练 一、单项选择。 ( )1. —How ____ your winter holidays? —They were wonderful. A. is B. are C. were ( ) 2.—How ____ Li Ming’s holiday? —It was great. A. was B. were C. is ( ) 3. —How ____ your parents’ trip? —It was good. A. was B. were C. are ( ) 4. —How were your weekends? —____ great. A. It was B. They were C. He was ( ) 5. —How ____ she feel about the holiday? —She was happy. A. did B. was C. is 二、根据答句补全问句。 1. —____ were your winter holidays? —They were great. 2. —____ was Li Ming’s holiday? —It was wonderful. 3. —____ were your parents’ holidays? —They were good. 4. —____ was Peter’s trip to Canada? —It was interesting. 5.—____ were Wang Hong’s days in Hainan? —They were fun. 参考答案 (1) 动词过去式的变化与运用 一、1.went 2.swam 3.took 4.learned/learnt 5.had 二、1.learned/learnt 2.went 3.swam 4.took 5.had 三、1.visited 2.went 3.swam 4.took 5.had (2)一般过去时的否定句（didn’t + 动词原形） 一、1. B 2. A 3. A 4.A 5.A 6.B 二、 1.He didn't go to Hainan. 2.She didn't take pictures of the parade. 3. They didn't learn Beijing Opera. 4. I didn't visit my grandparents. 5. Tom didn't have a good time. (3)一般疑问句（询问 “过去是否做了某事”） 一、1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.A 二、 1.Yes, I did. 2.No, he didn’t. 3.Yes, he did. 4.No, they didn’t. 5.Yes, she did. 三、 1.Did you go to the art school in the holidays? 2.Did she swim in the sea yesterday? 3.Did they visit their grandparents last week? 4.Did he take many pictures in Canada? 5.Did you have a good time in the winter holidays? (4)一般过去时特殊疑问句（询问过去的状态） 一、1.C 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.B 二、1.How 2.How 3.How 4.How 5.How 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $