内容正文:
专题03情态动词
重点01 情态动词的使用
知识精讲
情态动词 = 表示“态度、情绪、可能性、必要性”的动词。
(
考点一
使用要点
)
1. 后接 动词原形,即“情态动词 + do”。
✅ He can swim.
❌ He can swims.
2. 无人称和数的变化:主语是第三人称单数时,情态动词形式不变。
✅ She must finish homework first.
❌ She musts finish homework first.
3. 否定形式:直接在情态动词后加 not。
✅ You need not go now.
✅ He had better not be late.
4. 一般疑问句:将情态动词提到句首,回答用“情态动词/情态动词+not”。
— Need I clean the room?
— Yes, you need. / No, you needn't.
(
考点二
常见情态动词
)
1. can —— 表“能力”“许可”“推测”
含义
句式结构
教材例句
能力(能、会)
主语 + can + 动词原形
I can speak English.(我会说英语。)
She can play the piano.(她会弹钢琴。)
许可(可以,口语中常用)
Can + 主语 + 动词原形?(表请求)
Can I borrow your pen?(我可以借你的钢笔吗?)
推测(可能,用于否定句/疑问句)
can't + 动词原形(表“不可能”)
He can't be at home. The door is open.(他不可能在家,门是开着的。)
否定与疑问形式
否定式:can't = can not
疑问式:直接将 can 提至句首
好题精练
1.—________ you swim?
—Yes, I can.
A.Must B.Need C.Can D.Should
2.— ________ I come back before five o’clock?
— No, you ________. But you ________ be back later than seven o’clock.
A.Must; needn’t; needn’t B.May; mustn’t; can’t
C.Can; can’t; can’t D.Must; needn’t; can’t
3.— Peter, ________ you play the piano?
— No, I can’t, but I can play the guitar.
A.should B.can C.must D.need
2. may —— 表“许可”“推测”
含义
句式结构
教材例句
许可(可以,语气比 can 更正式)
May + 主语 + 动词原形?(表请求)
May I come in?(我可以进来吗?)
推测(可能,用于肯定句)
主语 + may + 动词原形
He may be late for school.(他上学可能要迟到了。)
否定与疑问形式
否定式:may not(意为“不可以”,注意:没有缩写形式)
疑问式:直接将 may 提至句首
回答 may 引导的疑问句:肯定用 Yes, you may. / Yes, please.;否定用 No, you can't. / No, you mustn't.(语气更强烈)
好题精练
4.—Where is Peter? I saw him just a minute ago.
—I don’t know. He ________ go to the teachers’ office.
A.may B.must
5.—________ I take a seat here?
—No, you can’t. The seats are only for the old and children.
A.May B.Must C.Will D.Should
6.—________ I touch the dog?
—No, you can’t. It may bite you.
A.Must B.May C.Need D.Should
3. must —— 表“必须”“推测”
含义
句式结构
教材例句
必须(主观上的义务、要求)
主语 + must + 动词原形
You must finish your homework first.(你必须先完成作业。)
推测(一定、肯定,用于肯定句)
主语 + must + 动词原形
The light is on. She must be at home.(灯亮着,她一定在家。)
否定与疑问形式
否定式:mustn't = must not(意为“禁止、不允许”,不是“不必”)
✅ You mustn't run in the hallways.(禁止在走廊奔跑。)
疑问式:直接将 must 提至句首
— Must I clean the room now?(我现在必须打扫房间吗?)
— 肯定回答:Yes, you must.
— 否定回答:No, you needn't / don't have to.(不必,注意不能用 mustn't)
好题精练
7.—Must I clean the bedroom now, Mum?
—I’m afraid you ________.
A.must B.mustn’t C.need D.needn’t
8.We ________ obey traffic rules and learn how to protect ourselves.
A.must B.may C.need D.would
9.—Miss Li, must I finish the exercise in class?
—No, you ________. You may leave it as homework.
A.needn’t B.can’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
重点02 need
知识精讲
need 在教材中有两种词性(情态动词 + 实义动词),用法差异较大,是考试的高频易错点。
(
考点一
情态动词用法
)
1. 适用场景
多用于 否定句和疑问句 中,表“必要、需要”,主语通常是人。
2. 核心结构
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
较少用
否定句
need not (needn't) + 动词原形
You needn't bring an umbrella. It's sunny.(你不必带伞,今天晴天。)
一般疑问句
Need + 主语 + 动词原形?
Need we finish the work today?(我们需要今天完成工作吗?)
3. 疑问句的回答
遵循“否定回答用 needn't,肯定回答用 must”的原则
— Need I hand in the report now?
— Yes, you must.(是的,你必须。)
— No, you needn't.(不,你不必。)
(
考点二
实义动词
用法
)
1. 适用场景
可用于 肯定句、否定句、疑问句,表“需要”,有人称和数的变化。
2. 核心结构
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + need + to do sth.
She needs to buy a new pen.(她需要买一支新钢笔。)
否定句
主语 + don't/doesn't + need + to do sth.
He doesn't need to get up early on weekends.(他周末不必早起。)
一般疑问句
Do/Does + 主语 + need + to do sth.?
Does he need to take the bus?(他需要坐公交车吗?)
关键区别
看是否能加 -s、是否需要借助 do/does 构成否定/疑问:
情态动词 need:无 -s,否定直接加 not → needn't
实义动词 need:有 -s,否定需用 doesn't need
好题精练
10.We ________ go to the cinema by underground. It is only ten minutes’ walk.
A.need B.need to C.needn’t D.don’t need
11.You ________ write the poem down. Our teacher will give us a copy.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t
12.You ________ feel unhappy because it’s OK to be different.
A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.had better
重点03 had better
知识精讲
had better 是情态动词短语,表“最好做某事”,语气比 must 委婉,是教材口语交际中的高频考点。
1. 核心结构
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
had better (’d better) + 动词原形
You had better wear warm clothes. It's cold outside.(你最好穿暖和的衣服,外面很冷。)
否定句
had better not + 动词原形
You had better not play computer games too long.(你最好不要玩太久电脑游戏。)
一般疑问句
Had + 主语 + better + 动词原形?
Had we better leave now?(我们最好现在出发吗?)
2.关键语法点
无人称和数的变化:不管主语是第几人称、单数还是复数,都用 had better,不能写成 has better / have better。
✅ They had better finish homework first.
❌ They have better finish homework first.
缩写形式:口语中常缩写为 ’d better,如 I’d better = I had better。
否定形式:直接在 better 后加 not,不能说 hadn't better。
✅ You’d better not be late.
❌ You hadn't better be late.
语气特点:表建议,常用来提醒别人做某事,否定式表“最好不要做某事”。
好题精练
13.You’d better ________ some exercise at least twice a week.
A.to do B.doing C.do D.does
14.You’d better ________ your parents the truth before they give you proper advice.
A.tell B.to tell C.told D.telling
15.She’d better not ________ rock climbing if it rains tomorrow.
A.go B.to go C.going D.goes
真题感知
1.(2023·上海·中考真题)According to the law, you ________ drive after drinking.
A.mustn’t B.won’t C.can’t D.needn’t
2.(2022·上海·中考真题)—_______ I use your glue? I’m making a kite.
—No problem. Here you are.
A.Should B.Need C.Must D.May
3.(2021·上海·中考真题)—________ I have two tickets for the Chinese Farmers’ Painting Exhibition?
—Sorry. The tickets are sold out.
A.Must B.Need C.Should D.May
4.(2021·上海·中考真题)According to the traffic law,children under 12________ride bicycles on the road.
A.won't B.wouldn't C.needn't D.mustn't
5.(2022·上海·中考真题)According to the rule,used batteries be dropped in the red bin for harmful wastes.
A.must B.need C.can D.may
6.(2020·上海·中考真题)-Must I do the project on my own?
-No, you____.You can work with your classmates.
A.needn’t B.can’t C.shouldn’t D.mustn’t
7.(2023·上海·中考真题)A good friend is someone you share your pleasure and pain with.
A.ought B.need C.can D.must
8.(2020·上海·中考真题)—________ I park my car here for a while?
—No, you mustn't. Do you see the sign “NO PARKING”?
A.Would B.May
C.Must D.Should
9.(2020·上海·中考真题)–Mum, ______ I visit the Movie Museum tomorrow?
--I’m afraid you can’t . It is closed on Monday .
A.must B.may C.should D.need
10.(2020·上海·中考真题)All passengers ______ go through safety check before they take a plane.
A.can B.may C.must D.could
综合提升练
一、单项选择
1.You ________ tidy up the room now. You can do it later.
A.haven’t to B.needn’t to C.don’t need D.don’t have to
2.The express driver says the package ________ tomorrow, but he isn’t sure because the ________ service is heavily affected by the bad weather.
A.may be delivered; delivery B.maybe delivered; deliver
C.may be delivered; deliver D.maybe delivered; delivery
3.I need ________ today, but I needn’t ________ tomorrow.
A.work, work B.to work, to work C.work, to work D.to work, work
4.—He’d better ________ others blindly or make fun of others.
—I couldn’t agree more.
A.to follow B.follow C.not to follow D.not follow
5.—You ________ eat some vegetables.
—Thanks for your advice.
A.had better B.had better not C.needn’t D.can’t
6.Our teacher always tells us that we’d better not ________ others blindly.
A.follow B.following C.to follow D.followed
7.We ________ focus on how we look. We should think of what we are good at.
A.don’t need B.needn’t C.need D.need to
8.It’s cold outside at night. You had better ________ on a thick coat.
A.put B.to put C.puts D.putting
9.—Mum, can I finish my homework tomorrow?
—No, you ________ finish it today.
A.have better B.had better C.had better not D.had rather not
10.You’d better ________ into it again.
A.not to B.not to being C.not being D.not be
11.You ________ worry about how to deal with the problem. I will always be on your side.
A.may not B.mustn’t C.can’t D.needn’t
12.You had better ________ that hot stove, or you’ll burn yourself.
A.touch B.to touch C.not touch D.not to touch
13.You had better ______ too many questions at one time.
A.ask B.not ask C.to ask D.not to ask
14.—Must I make a travel plan first?
—I’m afraid you ________. It can save you both time and money.
A.must B.mustn’t C.need D.needn’t
15.—Miss Chen, must I finish all the homework now?
—No, you ________. You can do it at home.
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
二、单词拼写
16.Nobody can without hard work. (success)
17.I believe anyone can if they work hard enough.(success)
18.I could hardly my luck when he said yes. (belief)
19.Very few people can my name correctly. (pronunciation)
20.Why are you always complaining? It seems that nothing can you. (satisfying)
21.We should paper to protect the environment. (use)
22.The tall man had to his head to get through the door. (low)
23.We should (选择合适的话题) to avoid embarrassment in communication.
24.I would strongly against going out on your own. (advice)
25.In the garden, we can s the flowers and hear the birds.
三、完成句子
26.had better, a better, you, give, us, method. (连词成句)
.
27.You had better go to visit him on weekdays. (改为否定句)
.
28.You’d better take a look at their meanings in the dictionary. (改为否定句)
You’d better a look at their meanings in the dictionary.
29.你开会最好别迟到。(had better)
You the meeting.
30.We can do anything successfully by working hard. (同义句转换)
We can doing anything by working hard.
31.vegetables, can, this new machine, keep, fresh, for two weeks (.) (连词成句)
32.You had better tell her the secret when she comes back.(改为否定句)
You had better her the secret when she comes back.
33.You’d better write a diary to cool down. (改为否定句)
34.You needn’t worry about the result of the test. (保持句意基本不变)
You to worry about the result of the test.
35.can, in English, people, around the world, communicate (连词成句)
.
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专题03情态动词
重点01 情态动词的使用
知识精讲
情态动词 = 表示“态度、情绪、可能性、必要性”的动词。
(
考点一
使用要点
)
1. 后接 动词原形,即“情态动词 + do”。
✅ He can swim.
❌ He can swims.
2. 无人称和数的变化:主语是第三人称单数时,情态动词形式不变。
✅ She must finish homework first.
❌ She musts finish homework first.
3. 否定形式:直接在情态动词后加 not。
✅ You need not go now.
✅ He had better not be late.
4. 一般疑问句:将情态动词提到句首,回答用“情态动词/情态动词+not”。
— Need I clean the room?
— Yes, you need. / No, you needn't.
(
考点二
常见情态动词
)
1. can —— 表“能力”“许可”“推测”
含义
句式结构
教材例句
能力(能、会)
主语 + can + 动词原形
I can speak English.(我会说英语。)
She can play the piano.(她会弹钢琴。)
许可(可以,口语中常用)
Can + 主语 + 动词原形?(表请求)
Can I borrow your pen?(我可以借你的钢笔吗?)
推测(可能,用于否定句/疑问句)
can't + 动词原形(表“不可能”)
He can't be at home. The door is open.(他不可能在家,门是开着的。)
否定与疑问形式
否定式:can't = can not
疑问式:直接将 can 提至句首
好题精练
1.—________ you swim?
—Yes, I can.
A.Must B.Need C.Can D.Should
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你会游泳吗?——是的,我会。
考查情态动词。Must必须;Need需要;Can能;Should应该。根据“Yes, I can.”可知,问句是询问能力,用Can。故选C。
2.— ________ I come back before five o’clock?
— No, you ________. But you ________ be back later than seven o’clock.
A.Must; needn’t; needn’t B.May; mustn’t; can’t
C.Can; can’t; can’t D.Must; needn’t; can’t
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我必须在五点之前回来吗?——不,你不必。但是你不能晚于七点回来。
考查情态动词用法。Must必须;needn’t不必;May也许;mustn’t禁止;can’t不可以、不能。根据情境,第一空表示必须五点前回来吗,用Must提问比较合适,否定回答用needn’t,表示“不必”。第三空表达不可以晚于七点回来,用can’t。故选D。
3.— Peter, ________ you play the piano?
— No, I can’t, but I can play the guitar.
A.should B.can C.must D.need
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——皮特,你会弹钢琴吗?——不,我不会,但是我会弹吉他。
考查情态动词辨析。should应该;can能,会,表达能力;must必须;need需要。根据“No, I can’t, but I can play the guitar.”可知,此处在询问能力。故选B。
2. may —— 表“许可”“推测”
含义
句式结构
教材例句
许可(可以,语气比 can 更正式)
May + 主语 + 动词原形?(表请求)
May I come in?(我可以进来吗?)
推测(可能,用于肯定句)
主语 + may + 动词原形
He may be late for school.(他上学可能要迟到了。)
否定与疑问形式
否定式:may not(意为“不可以”,注意:没有缩写形式)
疑问式:直接将 may 提至句首
回答 may 引导的疑问句:肯定用 Yes, you may. / Yes, please.;否定用 No, you can't. / No, you mustn't.(语气更强烈)
好题精练
4.—Where is Peter? I saw him just a minute ago.
—I don’t know. He ________ go to the teachers’ office.
A.may B.must
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——Peter在哪里?我刚才看见他了。——我不知道。他可能去教师办公室了。
考查情态动词。may可能,表示推测;must一定。根据“I don’t know.”可知,是推测他可能去教师办公室了。故选A。
5.—________ I take a seat here?
—No, you can’t. The seats are only for the old and children.
A.May B.Must C.Will D.Should
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我可以在这儿坐吗?——不,你不能。这些座位只给老人和小孩坐。
考查情态动词。May可以;Must必须;Will将;Should应该。根据“No, you can’t. The seats are only for the old and children”可知,空处是询问“我可以在这里坐吗”,用“May I…?”表示委婉请求。故选A。
6.—________ I touch the dog?
—No, you can’t. It may bite you.
A.Must B.May C.Need D.Should
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我可以摸摸这只狗吗?——不,你不能。它可能会咬你。
考查情态动词辨析。Must必须;May(表允许、提出礼貌的建议)可以;Need需要;Should应该。根据“…I touch the dog?”及“No, you can’t. It may bite you.”可知,此处表示请求许可,应用“may”引导的一般疑问句。故选B。
3. must —— 表“必须”“推测”
含义
句式结构
教材例句
必须(主观上的义务、要求)
主语 + must + 动词原形
You must finish your homework first.(你必须先完成作业。)
推测(一定、肯定,用于肯定句)
主语 + must + 动词原形
The light is on. She must be at home.(灯亮着,她一定在家。)
否定与疑问形式
否定式:mustn't = must not(意为“禁止、不允许”,不是“不必”)
✅ You mustn't run in the hallways.(禁止在走廊奔跑。)
疑问式:直接将 must 提至句首
— Must I clean the room now?(我现在必须打扫房间吗?)
— 肯定回答:Yes, you must.
— 否定回答:No, you needn't / don't have to.(不必,注意不能用 mustn't)
好题精练
7.—Must I clean the bedroom now, Mum?
—I’m afraid you ________.
A.must B.mustn’t C.need D.needn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——妈妈,我必须现在打扫卧室吗?——恐怕你必须。
考查情态动词。must必须;mustn’t禁止;need需要;needn’t不必。根据“Must I clean the bedroom now, Mum?”以及“I’m afraid you”可知表示必须现在打扫卧室。故选A。
8.We ________ obey traffic rules and learn how to protect ourselves.
A.must B.may C.need D.would
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我们必须遵守交通规则并学会如何保护自己。
考查情态动词。must必须;may可能;need需要;would将”。根据“We…obey traffic rules”的语境可知,遵守交通规则是强制性的义务,表示必要性,因此用“must”最合适,故选A。
9.—Miss Li, must I finish the exercise in class?
—No, you ________. You may leave it as homework.
A.needn’t B.can’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——李老师,我必须在课堂上完成这个练习吗?——不,你不必。你可以把它留作家庭作业。
考查情态动词辨析。needn’t不必;can’t不能;mustn’t禁止;shouldn’t不应该。“must I...?”的否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to,表示不必,故选A。
重点02 need
知识精讲
need 在教材中有两种词性(情态动词 + 实义动词),用法差异较大,是考试的高频易错点。
(
考点一
情态动词用法
)
1. 适用场景
多用于 否定句和疑问句 中,表“必要、需要”,主语通常是人。
2. 核心结构
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
较少用
否定句
need not (needn't) + 动词原形
You needn't bring an umbrella. It's sunny.(你不必带伞,今天晴天。)
一般疑问句
Need + 主语 + 动词原形?
Need we finish the work today?(我们需要今天完成工作吗?)
3. 疑问句的回答
遵循“否定回答用 needn't,肯定回答用 must”的原则
— Need I hand in the report now?
— Yes, you must.(是的,你必须。)
— No, you needn't.(不,你不必。)
(
考点二
实义动词
用法
)
1. 适用场景
可用于 肯定句、否定句、疑问句,表“需要”,有人称和数的变化。
2. 核心结构
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + need + to do sth.
She needs to buy a new pen.(她需要买一支新钢笔。)
否定句
主语 + don't/doesn't + need + to do sth.
He doesn't need to get up early on weekends.(他周末不必早起。)
一般疑问句
Do/Does + 主语 + need + to do sth.?
Does he need to take the bus?(他需要坐公交车吗?)
关键区别
看是否能加 -s、是否需要借助 do/does 构成否定/疑问:
情态动词 need:无 -s,否定直接加 not → needn't
实义动词 need:有 -s,否定需用 doesn't need
好题精练
10.We ________ go to the cinema by underground. It is only ten minutes’ walk.
A.need B.need to C.needn’t D.don’t need
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们不需要乘地铁去电影院。步行只需十分钟。
考查情态动词need的否定形式。need需要,情态动词;need to需要,实义动词;needn’t不必,情态动词;don’t need不需要,实义动词。根据“We...go to the cinema by underground. It is only ten minutes’ walk.”可知,此处为情态动词,表示“没必要,不必”。故选C。
11.You ________ write the poem down. Our teacher will give us a copy.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】C
【详解】句意:你不必把这首诗写下来。老师会给我们一份。
考查情态动词辨析。can’t不能;mustn’t禁止;needn’t不必;shouldn’t不应该。根据“Our teacher will give us a copy.”可知,老师会给一份,所以不必把诗写下来,应该用needn’t。故选C。
12.You ________ feel unhappy because it’s OK to be different.
A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.had better
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你不必感到不开心,因为与众不同是可以的。
考查情态动词辨析。can’t不能;needn’t不必;mustn’t禁止;had better最好。根据“because it’s OK to be different”可知,可以接受不同,说明与别人不同时没有必要感到不开心,强调不需要那样做,用needn’t。故选B。
重点03 had better
知识精讲
had better 是情态动词短语,表“最好做某事”,语气比 must 委婉,是教材口语交际中的高频考点。
1. 核心结构
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
had better (’d better) + 动词原形
You had better wear warm clothes. It's cold outside.(你最好穿暖和的衣服,外面很冷。)
否定句
had better not + 动词原形
You had better not play computer games too long.(你最好不要玩太久电脑游戏。)
一般疑问句
Had + 主语 + better + 动词原形?
Had we better leave now?(我们最好现在出发吗?)
2.关键语法点
无人称和数的变化:不管主语是第几人称、单数还是复数,都用 had better,不能写成 has better / have better。
✅ They had better finish homework first.
❌ They have better finish homework first.
缩写形式:口语中常缩写为 ’d better,如 I’d better = I had better。
否定形式:直接在 better 后加 not,不能说 hadn't better。
✅ You’d better not be late.
❌ You hadn't better be late.
语气特点:表建议,常用来提醒别人做某事,否定式表“最好不要做某事”。
好题精练
13.You’d better ________ some exercise at least twice a week.
A.to do B.doing C.do D.does
【答案】C
【详解】句意:你最好每周至少做两次运动。
考查had better用法。根据题干“You’d better”可知,此处考查固定搭配“had better do sth.”,表示“最好做某事”,其中had better后接动词原形,所以此处应用动词原形do。故选C。
14.You’d better ________ your parents the truth before they give you proper advice.
A.tell B.to tell C.told D.telling
【答案】A
【详解】句意:你最好在你父母给你合适的建议之前告诉他们真相。
考查had better的用法。tell告诉,动词原形;to tell告诉,动词不定式;told告诉,动词过去式;telling告诉,动词现在分词。根据题干可知,此处是一个固定搭配had better do sth,意为“最好做某事”,其中had better后接动词原形,所以此处应用动词原形tell。故选A。
15.She’d better not ________ rock climbing if it rains tomorrow.
A.go B.to go C.going D.goes
【答案】A
【详解】句意:如果明天下雨,她最好不要去攀岩。
考查had better的用法。根据“She’d better not...”可知,此处应是“had better not do sth.”意为“最好不要做某事”,后面加动词原形。故选A。
真题感知
1.(2023·上海·中考真题)According to the law, you ________ drive after drinking.
A.mustn’t B.won’t C.can’t D.needn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:根据法律规定,酒后不能开车。
考查情态动词。mustn’t禁止;won’t将不会;can’t不能;needn’t不必。根据“According to the law”和常识可知,法律规定酒后禁止开车。故选A。
2.(2022·上海·中考真题)—_______ I use your glue? I’m making a kite.
—No problem. Here you are.
A.Should B.Need C.Must D.May
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我可以用你的胶水吗?我在做风筝。——没问题。给你。
考查情态动词。Should应该;Need需要;Must必须;May可以。此处表征求他人的同意,应用May引导一般疑问句。故选D。
3.(2021·上海·中考真题)—________ I have two tickets for the Chinese Farmers’ Painting Exhibition?
—Sorry. The tickets are sold out.
A.Must B.Need C.Should D.May
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我可以买两张中国农民画展的票吗? ——很抱歉,票卖完了。
考查情态动词。Must必须;Need需要;Should应该;May可以。根据“I have two tickets for the Chinese Farmers’ Painting Exhibition”可知,此处表示请求允许,用May引导一般疑问句。故选D。
4.(2021·上海·中考真题)According to the traffic law,children under 12________ride bicycles on the road.
A.won't B.wouldn't C.needn't D.mustn't
【答案】D
【详解】句意:根据交通法,12岁以下的儿童不允许在路上骑自行车.
考查情态动词的用法。won't不将会;wouldn't不将会;needn't不必;mustn't不允许。根据children under 12"12岁以下的儿童"可知,"不允许"在路上骑自行车。用mustn't。故选D。
5.(2022·上海·中考真题)According to the rule,used batteries be dropped in the red bin for harmful wastes.
A.must B.need C.can D.may
【答案】A
【详解】句意:根据规定,废旧电池必须投到红色垃圾箱中,以防产生有害废物。
A. must必须;B. need需要;C. can能,会;D. may可以。根据下文in the red bin for harmful wastes.可知这里是说必须被丢到红色垃圾箱。根据题意,故选A。
6.(2020·上海·中考真题)-Must I do the project on my own?
-No, you____.You can work with your classmates.
A.needn’t B.can’t C.shouldn’t D.mustn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我必须自己做这个项目吗?——不,你不需要。你可以和你的同学一起工作。A. needn’t不必;B. can’t 不能;C. shouldn’t不应该;D. mustn’t禁止,千万别。以must开头的一般疑问句,以must开头的疑问句,肯定回答用must,而否定回答则用needn’t或don’t have to,意为“不需要、不必”,而不能用mustn’t,故选A。
7.(2023·上海·中考真题)A good friend is someone you share your pleasure and pain with.
A.ought B.need C.can D.must
【答案】C
【详解】句意:真正的好朋友是你可以与之分享快乐和痛苦的人。ought to应该;need需要;can能够,可以;must必须。A答案中缺少to,首先应排除。结合句意可知,能够与你分享快乐和痛苦的人才是一个真正的好朋友,答案为C。
8.(2020·上海·中考真题)—________ I park my car here for a while?
—No, you mustn't. Do you see the sign “NO PARKING”?
A.Would B.May
C.Must D.Should
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我可以把车在这儿停一会儿吗?——不,你不能。你看到“禁止停车”的标志了吗?在英语中,可以用may、might、can、could提出要求,表示请求“许可”。A.would和D.should用于委婉说法,表达的是“意愿”,可排除。而C.must强调的是“必须”,也可排除。故选B。
9.(2020·上海·中考真题)–Mum, ______ I visit the Movie Museum tomorrow?
--I’m afraid you can’t . It is closed on Monday .
A.must B.may C.should D.need
【答案】B
【详解】句意:--妈妈,明天我可以参观电影博物馆吗?--恐怕你不能去,周一不开门。A. must 必须; B.may 可以,表示请求;C. should 应该;D. need需要。may I …?我可以做……?否定回答通常不用mayn’t经常用can’t或mustn’t. 结合句意,故选B。
10.(2020·上海·中考真题)All passengers ______ go through safety check before they take a plane.
A.can B.may C.must D.could
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在所有的乘客坐飞机之前他们必须经过安检。
can能,表示能力;may可以,表示允许;must必要,表示要求;ought应该,表示责任和义务。结合句意,坐飞机要进行安检,这是一个必须做的事情,故用情态动词must,故选C。
综合提升练
一、单项选择
1.You ________ tidy up the room now. You can do it later.
A.haven’t to B.needn’t to C.don’t need D.don’t have to
【答案】D
【详解】句意:你现在不必整理房间。可以稍后再做。
考查情态动词辨析。haven’t to不正确表达;needn’t to不正确表达;don’t need不需要,need作实义动词时,否定形式为don’t need to do sth.;don’t have to不必。根据“You can do it later”可知,此处表示“不必现在做”,用don’t have to表示“没有必要”。故选D。
2.The express driver says the package ________ tomorrow, but he isn’t sure because the ________ service is heavily affected by the bad weather.
A.may be delivered; delivery B.maybe delivered; deliver
C.may be delivered; deliver D.maybe delivered; delivery
【答案】A
【详解】句意:快递司机说明天包裹可能被送达,但他不确定,因为递送服务深受恶劣天气影响。
考查词汇和短语辨析。may be可能,在句中作谓语动词;maybe可能,副词;delivery投递,配送,名词;deliver投递,配送,动词。根据“The express driver says the package...tomorrow,”可知,says后为省略引导词that的宾语从句,从句缺谓语动词,结合选项可知,故第一个空表示“可能被送达”,需用情态动词may的被动语态may be delivered,故排除选项B和D;根据“because the...service is heavily affected by the bad weather.”可知,第二个空表示“递送服务”,需用名词delivery修饰名词service。故选A。
3.I need ________ today, but I needn’t ________ tomorrow.
A.work, work B.to work, to work C.work, to work D.to work, work
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我今天需要工作,但我明天不必工作。
考查need的用法。need作情态动词时,通常只用于否定句或疑问句中,本身词义较为完整,后面直接跟动词原形;need作实义动词时,有人称和数的变化,后面常跟动词不定式作宾语。本题中,第一空所在句为肯定句,need在这里作实义动词,所以其后应跟动词不定式to work;第二空所在句为否定句,need在这里作情态动词,所以其后应直接跟动词原形work。故选D。
4.—He’d better ________ others blindly or make fun of others.
—I couldn’t agree more.
A.to follow B.follow C.not to follow D.not follow
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——他最好不要盲目跟从他人和取笑他人。——我非常同意。
考查非谓语动词。had better (not) do sth.是固定搭配,意为“最好(不要)做某事”,因此空格处应填“not follow”。故选D。
5.—You ________ eat some vegetables.
—Thanks for your advice.
A.had better B.had better not C.needn’t D.can’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你最好吃些蔬菜。——谢谢你的建议。
考查情态动词。had better最好;had better not最好不;needn’t不必;can’t不能。根据答语“Thanks for your advice”可知,对方给出的是一条积极的、正面的建议;“吃蔬菜”是有益健康的建议,因此应使用表示建议的肯定形式“had better”。故选A。
6.Our teacher always tells us that we’d better not ________ others blindly.
A.follow B.following C.to follow D.followed
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我们的老师总是告诉我们最好不要盲目跟随他人。
考查had better的用法。follow跟随,动词原形;following动名词或现在分词形式;to follow动词不定式;followed过去式或过去分词形式。“had better (not) do sth.”表示“最好(不)做某事”,所以这里要用动词原形follow,故选A。
7.We ________ focus on how we look. We should think of what we are good at.
A.don’t need B.needn’t C.need D.need to
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们不必关注自己的外表。我们应该思考我们擅长什么。
考查情态动词。need作为情态动词时,否定形式为needn’t,后接动词原形;作为实义动词时,否定形式为don’t/doesn’t need,后接不定式(to do)。故选B。
8.It’s cold outside at night. You had better ________ on a thick coat.
A.put B.to put C.puts D.putting
【答案】A
【详解】句意:晚上外面很冷。你最好穿上一件厚外套。
考查情态动词。had better为情态动词,其后接动词原形。故选A。
9.—Mum, can I finish my homework tomorrow?
—No, you ________ finish it today.
A.have better B.had better C.had better not D.had rather not
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——妈妈,我可以明天完成作业吗?——不,你最好今天完成它。
考查had better的用法。have better错误表达;had better最好;had better not最好不要;had rather not宁愿不,用于表达个人偏好。根据“can I finish my homework tomorrow?”以及“No, you…finish it today.”可知,此处指最好今天完成作业,had better do sth“最好做某事”,用于表示劝告或建议。故选B。
10.You’d better ________ into it again.
A.not to B.not to being C.not being D.not be
【答案】D
【详解】句意:你最好不要再进去。
考查“had better”的用法。had better的否定形式为“had better not do”,后接动词原形。A项“not to”含“to”,不符合动词原形要求;B项“not to being”含“to”和“being”,结构错误;C项“not being”含“being”,非动词原形;D项“not be”为“not”加动词原形“be”,正确。故选D。
11.You ________ worry about how to deal with the problem. I will always be on your side.
A.may not B.mustn’t C.can’t D.needn’t
【答案】D
【详解】句意:你不必担心如何处理这个问题。我会一直支持你的。
考查情态动词辨析。may not可能不;mustn’t禁止;can’t不可能;needn’t不必。根据“I will always be on your side”可知,没有必要担心。故选D。
12.You had better ________ that hot stove, or you’ll burn yourself.
A.touch B.to touch C.not touch D.not to touch
【答案】C
【详解】句意:你最好别碰那个热炉子,否则你会烫伤自己。
考查had better的用法。根据had better not do sth.“最好不要做某事”可知,此处应用not touch。故选C。
13.You had better ______ too many questions at one time.
A.ask B.not ask C.to ask D.not to ask
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你最好不要一次问太多问题。
考查had better的用法。had better应接动词原形,否定形式为had better not do。故选B。
14.—Must I make a travel plan first?
—I’m afraid you ________. It can save you both time and money.
A.must B.mustn’t C.need D.needn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我必须先制定旅行计划吗?——恐怕你必须这样做。它可以节省你的时间和金钱。
考查情态动词must的用法。must必须;mustn’t禁止;need需要;needn’t不必。对must引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t。根据下文“It can save you both time and money”可知,制定旅行计划是必要的,因此需用肯定回答,A项符合。故选A。
15.—Miss Chen, must I finish all the homework now?
—No, you ________. You can do it at home.
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——陈老师,我必须现在完成所有作业吗?——不,你不必。你可以在家做。
考查情态动词辨析。mustn’t禁止;can’t不能;shouldn’t不应该;needn’t不必。一般疑问句Must I…?的否定回答用No, you needn’t。故选D。
二、单词拼写
16.Nobody can without hard work. (success)
【答案】succeed
【详解】句意:不努力工作,没有人能成功。根据“can”可知,横线处需填动词原形,success“成功”,名词,其动词形式为succeed。故填succeed。
17.I believe anyone can if they work hard enough.(success)
【答案】succeed
【详解】句意:我相信任何人如果足够努力,都能成功。success“成功”,名词,情态动词can后面接动词原形,其动词为succeed。故填succeed。
18.I could hardly my luck when he said yes. (belief)
【答案】believe
【详解】句意:当他说是的时候,我简直不敢相信自己的运气。根据“I could hardly...”可知,横线处需填动词原形,belief“相信,信念”,名词,其动词形式为believe。could为情态动词,后接动词原形believe。故填believe。
19.Very few people can my name correctly. (pronunciation)
【答案】pronounce
【详解】句意:很少有人能正确读出我的名字。此处需要一个动词作谓语,“pronunciation”是名词,其动词形式是“pronounce”,“can”为情态动词,后接动词原形,在句中作谓语。故填pronounce。
20.Why are you always complaining? It seems that nothing can you. (satisfying)
【答案】satisfy
【详解】句意:你为什么总在抱怨?似乎没有什么能让你满意。根据“satisfying”可知是形容词,意为“令人满意的”,但句子中“can”是情态动词,后接动词原形,所以需将“satisfying”转换为动词“satisfy”,意为“使满意;使满足”。故填satisfy。
21.We should paper to protect the environment. (use)
【答案】reuse
【详解】句意:我们应该重复使用纸张来保护环境。should为情态动词,后加动词原形;根据“...paper to protect the environment”可知,重复用纸可以保护环境,use变为reuse,意为“重复使用”,符合句意。故填reuse。
22.The tall man had to his head to get through the door. (low)
【答案】lower
【详解】句意:那个高个子男人不得不低下头才能进门。had to do sth.“不得不做某事”,此处用动词原形,lower“降低”符合。故填lower。
23.We should (选择合适的话题) to avoid embarrassment in communication.
【答案】choose suitable topics
【详解】句意:我们应该选择合适的话题,避免交际中的尴尬。根据提示词可知,“选择”为choose,“合适的”为suitable,“话题”为topic。根据“should”可知,需用动词原形。名词“topic”则用复数形式。故填choose suitable topics。
24.I would strongly against going out on your own. (advice)
【答案】advise
【详解】句意:我强烈建议你不要一个人出去。advice“建议”,是名词,此处作谓语,用动词,位于情态动词would后,用动词原形,故填advise。
25.In the garden, we can s the flowers and hear the birds.
【答案】(s)mell
【详解】句意:在花园里,我们能闻到花香,听到鸟叫。根据“the flowers ”和首字母提示,这里用smell表示“闻”,情态动词can能后接动词原形。故填(s)mell。
三、完成句子
26.had better, a better, you, give, us, method. (连词成句)
.
【答案】You had better give us a better method
【详解】分析所给单词及标点,此句为陈述句。you“你”,主语,句首首字母大写;had better give“最好给”,谓语;us“我们”,间接宾语;a better method“一个更好的方法”,直接宾语。故填You had better give us a better method“你最好给我们一个更好的方法”。
27.You had better go to visit him on weekdays. (改为否定句)
.
【答案】You had better not go to visit him on weekdays
【详解】句意:你最好在工作日去看望他。原句中的“had better”表示建议,其否定形式是在“had better”后直接加not,其他不变。故填You had better not go to visit him on weekdays。
28.You’d better take a look at their meanings in the dictionary. (改为否定句)
You’d better a look at their meanings in the dictionary.
【答案】 not take
【详解】句意:你最好在字典里查一下它们的意思。“had better”的否定形式是“had better not+动词原形”,所以直接在take前边加not。故填not;take。
29.你开会最好别迟到。(had better)
You the meeting.
【答案】had better not be late for
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“最好别迟到”。“最好”译为“had better”,“别”译为“not”,“迟到”译为“be late for”。故填had better not be late for。
30.We can do anything successfully by working hard. (同义句转换)
We can doing anything by working hard.
【答案】 succeed in
【详解】句意:我们可以通过努力成功地做任何事情。“succeed in doing sth”是固定搭配,意为“成功做某事”,原句“do anything successfully”可转换为“succeed in doing anything”,情态动词can后接动词原形。故填succeed;in。
31.vegetables, can, this new machine, keep, fresh, for two weeks (.) (连词成句)
【答案】This new machine can keep vegetables fresh for two weeks.
【详解】根据所给标点和单词可知,本句是陈述句。this new machine“这台新机器”,作主语,位于句首,首字母大写;can“能够”,情态动词,后接动词原形;keep“保持”,动词,keep sth+形容词“使某物保持……状态”;vegetables“蔬菜”,可数名词复数,作宾语;fresh“新鲜的”,形容词作宾语补足语;for two weeks“两周”,作时间状语。故填This new machine can keep vegetables fresh for two weeks.“这台新机器可以让蔬菜保鲜两周。”
32.You had better tell her the secret when she comes back.(改为否定句)
You had better her the secret when she comes back.
【答案】 not tell
【详解】句意:你最好在她回来时告诉她这个秘密。“had better do sth.”表示“最好做某事”,其否定形式是“had better not do sth.”,意思是“最好不要做某事”。所以这里要填“not tell”,表示“你最好不要在她回来时告诉她这个秘密”。故填not;tell。
33.You’d better write a diary to cool down. (改为否定句)
【答案】You’d better not write a diary to cool down.
【详解】句意:你最好写日记来冷静一下。原句改为否定句时,直接在had better后加not,即had better not do sth“最好不要做某事”。故填You’d better not write a diary to cool down.
34.You needn’t worry about the result of the test. (保持句意基本不变)
You to worry about the result of the test.
【答案】 don’t have
【详解】句意:你不必担心考试的结果。needn’t表示“不必”,等同于don’t have to。故填don’t;have。
35.can, in English, people, around the world, communicate (连词成句)
.
【答案】People around the world can communicate in English
【详解】根据题干标点可知,此处是陈述句。people“人们”,是主语,句首首字母要大写;around the world“全世界,世界各地”;can“可以”,情态动词;communicate“交流”,是动词;in English“用英语”。故填People around the world can communicate in English“世界各地的人们可以用英语交流”。
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