寒假作业05 动词-ing形式作主语、宾语、表语（高考真题+名校热点习题）（巩固培优）高二英语人教版

限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业05 动词-ing形式作主语、宾语、表语（巩固培优） 动词-ing形式作主语（巩固培优） 一、核心定义 动词 - ing 形式（动名词或现在分词）作表语，是指将动词的 - ing 形式置于系动词（be, seem, look, sound, feel, become, remain 等）后，充当表语成分，用于说明主语的性质、特征、身份、状态或具体动作，其语法功能相当于名词或形容词。 二、常见搭配类型 结构类型 核心用法 例句 动名词作表语 表主语的内容、身份、职业或抽象动作，与主语为对等关系（可互换位置，句意不变） ①His job is teaching English.（他的工作是教英语 —— 表职业）②My hobby is collecting stamps.（我的爱好是集邮 —— 表内容） 现在分词作表语 表主语的性质、特征或状态，主语多为事物，常用 “主语 + be + -ing” 结构，相当于 “主语 + be + 形容词” ①The film is exciting.（这部电影很令人兴奋 —— 表性质）②The situation is quite worrying.（形势相当令人担忧 —— 表状态） 固定搭配类 部分系动词（如 seem, appear, keep, remain）后接 - ing 形式，表持续状态 ①He seems lacking in confidence.（他似乎缺乏自信）；②The problem remains worrying.（问题仍令人担忧 ——-ing 表主动 / 令人…，与 - ed 表被动 / 感到… 形成对比） 【方法归纳】 1. 主谓一致：动名词作表语时，主语通常为单数（表抽象概念或单一动作），谓语动词用单数；若主语为复数（表多个动作或事物），需根据语义调整 - ing 形式（多为并列结构）。 2. 与不定式作表语的区别：动名词作表语侧重习惯性、抽象性的动作或状态；不定式作表语侧重具体的、一次性的动作或未发生的动作。例：①His goal is becoming a doctor.（他的目标是当医生 —— 长期志向，抽象）；②His goal is to pass the exam.（他的目标是通过考试 —— 具体近期目标）。 3. 与进行时的区别：现在分词作表语时，系动词仅表 “状态”，无 “动作正在进行” 的含义；进行时中 “be + -ing” 表动作正在发生。例：①The book is interesting.（这本书很有趣 —— 表性质，作表语）；②He is reading the book.（他正在读这本书 —— 表动作，进行时）。 4. 否定形式：在 - ing 前加 not，即 “be + not + -ing”。例：①His hobby is not playing football.（他的爱好不是踢足球）；②The task is not easy, but it’s not discouraging.（任务不简单，但并不令人气馁）。 【易错提醒】 误：His job is teach English.（应用 teaching，动名词作表语） 正：His job is teaching English. 误：The news is excited.（主语为事物，应用 exciting；excited 主语为人） 正：The news is exciting.（消息令人兴奋）/ He is excited at the news.（他对消息感到兴奋） 误：My plan is visit Beijing next month.（具体计划，可用不定式 to visit，或动名词 visiting 表抽象） 正：My plan is to visit Beijing next month.（更符合具体动作语境） 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、巩固提升练（基础小题） （一）单项选择（每题 1 分，共 15 分） 1.（2023・新课标 II 卷）The most satisfying part of the job is ________ people improve their lives. A. help B. helping C. to help D. helped 2. （2022・浙江卷）The performance was so ________ that the audience stood up and cheered loudly. A. amazing B. amazed C. amaze D. to amaze 3. （2021・天津卷）His greatest pleasure is ________ in the countryside on weekends. A. walk B. walking C. to walk D. walked 4. The problem is ________ and we need to deal with it immediately. A. worrying B. worried C. worry D. to worry 5. （2020・全国卷 III）Her dream is ________ a famous pianist, so she practices the piano every day. A. Become B. becoming C. to become D. became 6. The film we watched yesterday is really ________. I want to watch it again. A. interesting B. interested C. interest D. to interest 7. （2019・江苏卷）What he values most is ________ time with his family. A. spend B. spending C. to spend D. spent 8.The situation is ________ than we expected, but we still have confidence to solve it. A. more challenging B. more challenged C. challenging D. challenged 9.（2018・浙江卷）One of the advantages of online shopping is ________ convenient and time-saving. A. be B. being C. to be D. been 10. His main job is ________ the company’s financial records. A. manage B. managing C. to manage D. managed 11. （2017・全国卷 I）The activity is ________ and all the students are looking forward to it. A. exciting B. excited C. excite D. to excite 12. What makes the book special is ________ it combines history with humor. A. that B. which C. being D. to be 13. （2024・全国卷）The key to success is ________ persistent and never giving up. A. be B. being C. to be D. been 14. The music sounds ________ and it makes me feel relaxed. A. pleasing B. pleased C. please D. to please 15. （2023・天津卷）Her favorite pastime is ________ in the garden after dinner. A. work B. working C. to work D. worked （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空（每题 1 分，共 5 分） 1.（2024・浙江卷）The most important thing is ________ (keep) calm when facing difficulties. 2. The film is ________ (surprise) and it has won many international awards. 3.（2023・全国卷）His ambition is ________ (become) a scientist who can make contributions to human progress. 4. The task is ________ (tire), but we must finish it on time. 5.（2022・天津卷）What she enjoys most is ________ (read) classic novels in her free time. 1、 语法填空（每空 1 分，共 3 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 （2024・全国模拟卷）Urban gardening has become a popular trend among city dwellers. Many people enjoy 1._____________ (grow) vegetables and flowers on balconies or rooftops. They find joy in watering the plants every morning and harvesting fresh produce. Some communities even organize group activities, encouraging residents to join in 2._____________(share) gardening experiences. Experts suggest starting with easy-to-grow plants like tomatoes and lettuce for beginners. By devoting a little time each day, people can not only get close to nature but also reduce stress from busy work. Passage 2 （2023・浙江真题改编）Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, 3._____________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. She avoids 4._____________ (use) complex sentences, making the story easy to understand. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message intended for everyone—she hopes to remind people of the importance of protecting the environment through this fable. Passage 3 Traveling is a wonderful way to broaden horizons. Before 5._____________ (set) off, it's wise to make a plan, but we shouldn't spend too much time planning every detail. During the trip, try to avoid staying in crowded tourist spots all the time. Instead, consider wandering around local streets,6 ._____________(taste) traditional food, and talking with locals. Many travelers regret missing such experiences. Remember, the joy of traveling lies in 7._____________(experience) the journey itself, not just reaching the destination. Don't forget to take photos to record beautiful moments! “动词 - ing 形式作表语高考翻译题 1.我很乐意分享我对校园志愿服务的看法。 2.在我看来，它的核心意义是帮助他人和提升自我。 3. 志愿服务的过程是令人难忘且有意义的。 4. 志愿服务最大的收获是学会与他人合作并承担责任。 5. 我建议你们学校也开展类似的活动，这会让你们的校园生活更加丰富多彩、富有意义。 动词-ing形式作宾语（巩固培优） 一、核心定义 动词 - ing 形式（动名词）作宾语，是指将动词的 - ing 形式置于及物动词、介词或某些固定短语后，充当宾语成分，表达一个动作、行为或抽象概念，其语法功能相当于名词。 二、常见搭配类型 搭配类型 具体示例 例句 及物动词后接 V-ing admit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, mind, practice, suggest 等 She enjoys painting in her free time.（她喜欢在空闲时间画画） 介词后接 V-ing at, in, on, with, without, about, instead of, thanks to 等 He succeeded by working hard.（他通过努力工作取得了成功） 固定短语后接 V-ing can't help, feel like, give up, keep on, put off, be used to 等 She can't help laughing when she sees funny videos.（看到有趣的视频她忍不住笑） 既可接 V-ing 也可接不定式（语义不同） forget, remember, regret, stop, try 等 ①I remember meeting her at the party.（我记得在派对上见过她 —— 动作已发生，接 V-ing）； ②I need to remember to call him.（我需要记得给他打电话 —— 动作未发生，接不定式） 【方法归纳】 1. 及物动词后直接接 V-ing：如admit（承认），appreciate（感激），avoid（避免），consider（考虑），delay（推迟），deny（否认），enjoy（喜欢），escape（逃脱），excuse（原谅），fancy（想象），finish（完成），forgive（原谅），imagine（想象），keep（保持），mind（介意），miss（错过），practise（练习），resist（抵抗），risk（冒险），suggest（建议）等后只能接 V-ing 作宾语，不能接不定式。 2. 介词后必须接 V-ing：所有介词（包括固定短语中的介词）后接动词时，需用 V-ing 形式。 否定形式：在 V-ing 前加 not，即 not + V-ing。例：Not finishing the task on time made him angry.（未按时完成任务让他生气） 3. 复合结构：“形容词性物主代词 / 名词所有格 + V-ing” 可作宾语，强调动作的逻辑主语。例：I don't mind your opening the window.（我不介意你开窗） 【易错提醒】 误：He suggested to go there by bus.（suggest 后接 V-ing，应用 going） 正：He suggested going there by bus. 误：She is used to get up early.（be used to 中 to 是介词，应用 getting） 正：She is used to getting up early. 误：I have finished to do my homework.（finish 后接 V-ing，应用 doing） 正：I have finished doing my homework. 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、巩固提升练（基础小题） （一）单项选择（每题 1 分，共 15 分） 1.（2023・新课标 I 卷）The manager suggested ________ a meeting to discuss the problem. A. hold B. holding C. to hold D. held 2. （2022・浙江卷）I avoid ________ him because he always talks too much. A. meet B. meeting C. to meet D. met 3. （2021・天津卷）She is used to ________ early in the morning to do exercise. A. get up B. getting up C. get D. got up 4. He couldn't help ________ when he heard the funny story. A. laugh B. laughing C. to laugh D. laughed 5. （2020・全国卷 III）They decided to give up ________ because it's bad for health. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 6. I appreciate ________ my English homework. A. your helping B. you help C. to help D. helped 7.（2019・江苏卷）He suggested ________ the problem in a different way. A. solve B. solving C. to solve D. solved 7. She is considering ________ a new job in another city. A. find B. finding C. to find D. found 9. （2018・浙江卷）He devoted his life to ________ the poor people. A. help B. helping C. to help D. helped 10. I mind ________ noise in the library. A. make B. making C. to make D. made 11. （2017・全国卷 I）She finished ________ the novel in three days. A. read B.reading C. to read D. reads 12. He succeeded in ________ the exam after hard work. A. pass B. passing C. to pass D. passed 13. （2024・全国卷）They put off ________ the meeting because of the bad weather. A. hold B. holding C. to hold D. held 14. I feel like ________ a walk after dinner. A. take B. taking C. to take D. took 15. （2023・天津卷）He apologized for ________ late for the meeting. A. be B. being C. to be D. been （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空（每题 1 分，共 5 分） 1.（2024・浙江卷）She enjoys ________ (listen) to classical music in her free time. 2. He avoided ________ (answer) my questions directly. 3. （2023・全国卷）They are used to ________ (work) long hours every day. 4. I can't help ________ (cry) when I watch sad movies. 5. （2022・天津卷）He suggested ________ (go) to the park for a picnic this weekend. 2、 语法填空（每空 1 分，共 3 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 I noticed that heavier objects in the whirlpool sank more quickly than lighter ones. I tried to make my brother understand that we needed to act quickly, but he was too frightened and stayed in the boat. Without 1.___________(wait), I jumped into the sea to try and escape. Passage 2 （2023·全国·高考真题）Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, 2.____ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message intended for everyone. Passage 3 To make the most of your trip, it's important to avoid planning every detail too rigidly. Instead, consider  leaving some free time to wander around and discover unexpected surprises. Traveling is not just about reaching the destination. Many people find that the joy of traveling lies in 3. ________ (experience) the journey itself—tasting local food, meeting new people and enjoying beautiful scenery. 翻译。 1. 我最喜欢的方式是听音乐和做运动，这些方法总是很有效。 2. 听轻音乐有助于我忘记烦恼、平静下来。 3. 当我感到压力大时，我会花 15 分钟欣赏古典音乐，这让我感到放松。 4. 此外，做慢跑或打篮球之类的运动是另一个不错的选择。 5. 你会发现，专注于这些活动而不是担心学习，会有很大的不同。 动词-ing形式作表语（巩固培优） 一、核心定义 动词 - ing 形式（动名词或现在分词）作表语，是指将动词的 - ing 形式置于系动词（be, seem, look, sound, feel, become, remain 等）后，充当表语成分，用于说明主语的性质、特征、身份、状态或具体动作，其语法功能相当于名词或形容词。 二、常见搭配类型 结构类型 核心用法 例句 动名词作表语 表主语的内容、身份、职业或抽象动作，与主语为对等关系（可互换位置，句意不变） ①His job is teaching English.（他的工作是教英语 —— 表职业）②My hobby is collecting stamps.（我的爱好是集邮 —— 表内容） 现在分词作表语 表主语的性质、特征或状态，主语多为事物，常用 “主语 + be + -ing” 结构，相当于 “主语 + be + 形容词” ①The film is exciting.（这部电影很令人兴奋 —— 表性质）②The situation is quite worrying.（形势相当令人担忧 —— 表状态） 固定搭配类 部分系动词（如 seem, appear, keep, remain）后接 - ing 形式，表持续状态 ①He seems lacking in confidence.（他似乎缺乏自信）；②The problem remains worrying.（问题仍令人担忧 ——-ing 表主动 / 令人…，与 - ed 表被动 / 感到… 形成对比） 【方法归纳】 1. 主谓一致：动名词作表语时，主语通常为单数（表抽象概念或单一动作），谓语动词用单数；若主语为复数（表多个动作或事物），需根据语义调整 - ing 形式（多为并列结构）。 2. 与不定式作表语的区别：动名词作表语侧重习惯性、抽象性的动作或状态；不定式作表语侧重具体的、一次性的动作或未发生的动作。例：①His goal is becoming a doctor.（他的目标是当医生 —— 长期志向，抽象）；②His goal is to pass the exam.（他的目标是通过考试 —— 具体近期目标）。 3. 与进行时的区别：现在分词作表语时，系动词仅表 “状态”，无 “动作正在进行” 的含义；进行时中 “be + -ing” 表动作正在发生。例：①The book is interesting.（这本书很有趣 —— 表性质，作表语）；②He is reading the book.（他正在读这本书 —— 表动作，进行时）。 4. 否定形式：在 - ing 前加 not，即 “be + not + -ing”。例：①His hobby is not playing football.（他的爱好不是踢足球）；②The task is not easy, but it’s not discouraging.（任务不简单，但并不令人气馁）。 【易错提醒】 误：His job is teach English.（应用 teaching，动名词作表语） 正：His job is teaching English. 误：The news is excited.（主语为事物，应用 exciting；excited 主语为人） 正：The news is exciting.（消息令人兴奋）/ He is excited at the news.（他对消息感到兴奋） 误：My plan is visit Beijing next month.（具体计划，可用不定式 to visit，或动名词 visiting 表抽象） 正：My plan is to visit Beijing next month.（更符合具体动作语境） 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、巩固提升练（基础小题） （一）单项选择（每题 1 分，共 15 分） 1.（2023・新课标 II 卷）The most satisfying part of the job is ________ people improve their lives. A. help B. helping C. to help D. helped 8. （2022・浙江卷）The performance was so ________ that the audience stood up and cheered loudly. A. amazing B. amazed C. amaze D. to amaze 9. （2021・天津卷）His greatest pleasure is ________ in the countryside on weekends. A. walk B. walking C. to walk D. walked 10. The problem is ________ and we need to deal with it immediately. B. worrying B. worried C. worry D. to worry 11. （2020・全国卷 III）Her dream is ________ a famous pianist, so she practices the piano every day. A. Become B. becoming C. to become D. became 12. The film we watched yesterday is really ________. I want to watch it again. B. interesting B. interested C. interest D. to interest 13. （2019・江苏卷）What he values most is ________ time with his family. B. spend B. spending C. to spend D. spent 8.The situation is ________ than we expected, but we still have confidence to solve it. A. more challenging B. more challenged C. challenging D. challenged 9.（2018・浙江卷）One of the advantages of online shopping is ________ convenient and time-saving. B. be B. being C. to be D. been 16. His main job is ________ the company’s financial records. A. manage B. managing C. to manage D. managed 17. （2017・全国卷 I）The activity is ________ and all the students are looking forward to it. A. exciting B. excited C. excite D. to excite 18. What makes the book special is ________ it combines history with humor. B. that B. which C. being D. to be 19. （2024・全国卷）The key to success is ________ persistent and never giving up. A. be B. being C. to be D. been 20. The music sounds ________ and it makes me feel relaxed. B. pleasing B. pleased C. please D. to please 21. （2023・天津卷）Her favorite pastime is ________ in the garden after dinner. B. work B. working C. to work D. worked （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空（每题 1 分，共 5 分） 1.（2024・浙江卷）The most important thing is ________ (keep) calm when facing difficulties. 6. The film is ________ (surprise) and it has won many international awards. 3.（2023・全国卷）His ambition is ________ (become) a scientist who can make contributions to human progress. 5. The task is ________ (tire), but we must finish it on time. 5.（2022・天津卷）What she enjoys most is ________ (read) classic novels in her free time. 3、 语法填空（每空 1 分，共 3 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 （2024・全国模拟卷）Urban gardening has become a popular trend among city dwellers. Many people enjoy 1._____________ (grow) vegetables and flowers on balconies or rooftops. They find joy in watering the plants every morning and harvesting fresh produce. Some communities even organize group activities, encouraging residents to join in 2._____________(share) gardening experiences. Experts suggest starting with easy-to-grow plants like tomatoes and lettuce for beginners. By devoting a little time each day, people can not only get close to nature but also reduce stress from busy work. Passage 2 （2023・浙江真题改编）Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, 3._____________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. She avoids 4._____________ (use) complex sentences, making the story easy to understand. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message intended for everyone—she hopes to remind people of the importance of protecting the environment through this fable. Passage 3 Traveling is a wonderful way to broaden horizons. Before 5._____________ (set) off, it's wise to make a plan, but we shouldn't spend too much time planning every detail. During the trip, try to avoid staying in crowded tourist spots all the time. Instead, consider wandering around local streets,6 ._____________(taste) traditional food, and talking with locals. Many travelers regret missing such experiences. Remember, the joy of traveling lies in 7._____________(experience) the journey itself, not just reaching the destination. Don't forget to take photos to record beautiful moments! “动词 - ing 形式作表语高考翻译题 1.我很乐意分享我对校园志愿服务的看法。 2.在我看来，它的核心意义是帮助他人和提升自我。 7. 志愿服务的过程是令人难忘且有意义的。 8. 志愿服务最大的收获是学会与他人合作并承担责任。 9. 我建议你们学校也开展类似的活动，这会让你们的校园生活更加丰富多彩、富有意义。 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业05 动词-ing形式作主语、宾语、表语（巩固培优） 动词-ing形式作主语（巩固培优） 一、核心定义 V-ing（动名词）作主语，是指将动词的 - ing 形式置于句首（或用 it 作形式主语，V-ing 短语后置），在句中充当主语成分，表达一个动作、行为或抽象概念，其语法功能相当于名词。 二、基本结构 结构类型 具体形式 例句 直接作主语 V-ing短语 + 谓语动词（单数） Reading English aloud every morning improves pronunciation.（每天早上大声读英语能提升发音） it 作形式主语 It + be + 形容词/名词/ 过去分词 + V-ing 短语 It is important （in）mastering basic grammar rules.（掌握基础语法规则很重要） 并列 V-ing 作主语 V-ing 短语1 + and + V-ing 短语2 + 谓语动词（复数） Swimming in summer and skiing in winter are my favorite sports.（夏天游泳、冬天滑雪是我最喜欢的运动） 三、关键规则 1.谓语动词单复数：单个 V-ing 短语作主语，谓语动词用单数；多个并列 V-ing 短语作主语（表不同概念），谓语动词用复数。 2.否定形式：在 V-ing 前加 not，即 not + V-ing。例：Not finishing homework on time will make the teacher angry. 3.常用搭配：it 作形式主语时，常见固定句型： It is no use/good + V-ing（做…… 没用 / 没好处） It is worth + V-ing（值得做……） It is a waste of time + V-ing（做…… 是浪费时间） 4.与不定式作主语的区别：V-ing 作主语侧重习惯性、经常性的动作；不定式作主语侧重具体的、一次性的动作。但在 it 作形式主语的句型中，部分形容词（如 important、necessary）后，V-ing 和不定式可通用，语义差异较小。 【易错提醒】 误：Play football in the street is dangerous.（应用 Playing） 正：Playing football in the street is dangerous. 误：It is no use to argue with him.（应用 arguing） 正：It is no use arguing with him. 误：Smoke and drink are bad for health.（应用 Smoking 和 drinking，谓语用 are） 正：Smoking and drinking are bad for health. 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、巩固提升练（基础小题） （一）单项选择（每题 1 分，共 15 分） 1.（2021・浙江卷）______ the new policy is a good thing for most people. A. Implementing B. Implement C. Having implemented D. Implemented 【答案】A 【解析】考查 V-ing（动名词）作主语。句意：实施新政策对大多数人来说是一件好事。Implementing是动名词形式，可直接作主语，表达 “实施新政策” 这一抽象动作，符合 “V-ing 作主语表习惯性、抽象性动作” 的规则，且单个 V-ing 短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数 is，语法逻辑一致，故选 A。 2.（2022・浙江卷）______ for years, the house designed by an Italian architect is now considered a classic. A. Having built B. Building C. Built D. To build 【答案】A 【解析】考查 V-ing 的完成式作主语相关用法。句意：这座由意大利建筑师设计的房子已建造多年，如今被视为经典之作。“建造” 动作发生在 “被视为经典” 之前，用 having done 形式作时间状语（隐含主语与主句主语一致），故选 A。 3.（2021・天津卷）It is a waste of time ______ about such trivial things. A. argue B. arguing C. to argue D. argued 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定句型中 V-ing 作主语。句意：为这种琐事争论是浪费时间。固定句型 It is a waste of time + V-ing，故选 B。 4.______ English songs is a good way to improve your listening skills. A. Sing B. Sings C. Singing D. To sing 【答案】C 【解析】考查 V-ing 直接作主语。句意：唱英文歌是提升听力技能的好方法。此处 “唱英文歌” 是习惯性动作，用 V-ing 形式作主语，谓语动词用单数 is，故选 C。 5. It is no good ______ late for class. You should get up earlier. A. Being B. be C. to be D. been 【答案】A 【解析】考查固定句型中 V-ing 作主语。句意：上课迟到没好处。你应该早点起床。固定句型 It is no good + V-ing，故选 A。 6.（2020・全国卷 III）______ to think critically is an important skill for students today. A. Learn B. Learned C. Learning D. Having learned 【答案】C 【解析】考查 V-ing 作主语。句意：学会批判性思考是当今学生的一项重要技能。此处 “学会批判性思考” 是抽象概念，用 V-ing 形式作主语，故选 C。 7.______ too much sugar can lead to health problems. A. Eat B. Eating C. To eat D. Ate 【答案】B 【解析】考查 V-ing 直接作主语。句意：吃太多糖会导致健康问题。此处 “吃太多糖” 是习惯性行为，用 V-ing 形式作主语，谓语动词用单数 lead，故选 B。 8. It is worth ______ the book again. It contains many useful tips. A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定句型中 V-ing 作主语。句意：这本书值得再读一遍。它包含很多实用技巧。固定句型 It is worth + V-ing，故选 B。 9.（2019・江苏卷）______ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends. A. Completing B. Complete C. To complete D. Having completed 【答案】A 【解析】考查 V-ing 作目的状语（隐含主语结构）。句意：为了及时完成项目，员工们周末都在工作。此处用 V-ing 形式表目的，逻辑主语与主句主语一致，故选 A。 10. ______ and ______ are my hobbies in my free time. A. Painting; cooking B. Paint; cook C. To paint; to cook D. Painted; cooked 【答案】A 【解析】考查并列 V-ing 作主语。句意：画画和做饭是我空闲时间的爱好。两个并列的 V-ing 短语作主语，表不同习惯性动作，谓语动词用复数 are，故选 A。 11. ______ the project on time requires a lot of effort. A. Completing B. Complete C. To complete D. Completed 【答案】A 【解析】考查 V-ing（动名词）作主语。句意：按时完成项目需要付出大量努力。Completing是动名词形式，可直接作主语，表达 “完成项目” 这一抽象行为，符合 “V-ing 作主语表抽象动作” 的规则；单个 V-ing 短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数 requires，语法逻辑一致，故选 A。 12.（2018・浙江卷）______ along the old street, we found many interesting small shops. A. Walk B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked 【答案】B 【解析】考查 V-ing 作伴随状语（隐含主语结构）。句意：沿着老街走，我们发现了许多有趣的小店。“走” 与 “发现” 同时发生，用 V-ing 形式作伴随状语，逻辑主语与主句主语一致，故选 B。 13. Not ______ enough sleep will affect your mood and work efficiency. A. get B. getting C. to get D. got 【答案】B 【解析】考查 V-ing 的否定形式作主语。句意：睡眠不足会影响你的情绪和工作效率。V-ing 作主语的否定形式为 not + V-ing，故选 B。 14. It is no use ______ with him. He is too stubborn to listen to others. A. Argue B. arguing C. to argue D. argues 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定句型中 V-ing 作主语。句意：和他争论没用。他太固执了，听不进别人的话。固定句型 It is no use + V-ing，故选 B。 15.（2017・全国卷 I）______ for a whole night, they still couldn’t solve the problem. A. Working B. Worked C. To work D. Having worked 【答案】D 【解析】考查 V-ing 的完成式作主语相关用法。句意：工作了一整晚，他们仍然没能解决这个问题。“工作” 动作发生在 “没能解决问题” 之前，用 having done 形式作时间状语，故选 D。 （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空（每题 1 分，共 5 分） 1.（2024・全国卷）______ (learn) a second language can open up more career opportunities. 【答案】Learning 【解析】考查 V-ing 作主语。句意：学习第二语言能带来更多职业机会。此处用 V-ing 形式作主语，谓语动词用单数 can open，故填 Learning。 2. It is no good ______ (complain) about the situation. We should take action. 【答案】complaining 【解析】考查固定句型。句意：抱怨这种情况没用。我们应该采取行动。固定句型 It is no good + V-ing，故填 complaining。 3. （2023・浙江卷）______ (travel) around the world is a dream for many people. 【答案】Traveling 【解析】考查 V-ing 作主语。句意：环游世界是许多人的梦想。此处 “环游世界” 是抽象概念，用 V-ing 形式作主语，故填 Traveling。 4. ______ (not finish) the task on time will make your team leader angry. 【答案】Not finishing 【解析】考查 V-ing 的否定形式作主语。句意：没能按时完成任务会让你的团队领导生气。V-ing 作主语的否定形式为 not + V-ing，故填 Not finishing。 5. It is worth ______ (spend) time visiting the museum. It has many precious relics. 【答案】spending 【解析】考查固定句型。句意：花时间参观这个博物馆是值得的。它有许多珍贵的文物。固定句型 It is worth + V-ing，故填 spending。 1、 语法填空（每空 1 分，共 3 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 Keeping a diary is a great way to improve your writing skills. Many famous writers, including Hemingway and Orwell, kept diaries throughout their lives. They believed that 1._________( record) daily experiences not only helps organize thoughts but also inspires creativity. Writing down daily thoughts makes it easier to sort out emotions. 【答案】recording 【解析】考查 V-ing 作主语。句意：他们认为记录日常经历不仅有助于整理思路，还能激发创造力。此处that从句中，V-ing 形式作主语，谓语动词用单数helps，故填 recording。 Passage 2 （2024·新课标I卷·高考真题改编）1.___________(apply)The latest engineering techniques to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays closed to protect the plants. 【答案】Applying 【解析】考查 V-ing 作主语。句意：应用最新的工程技术有助于提升该结构的性能。此处用动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数 helps，故填 Applying。 Passage 3 Within this group, there is a tag called”20 minutes for parks”, which comes from a theory originating from the International Journal of Environmental Health Research. According to the theory, 3.___________(spend)20 minutes in a park daily helps to reduce stress, regardless of whether people exercise in it or simply take a walk. 【答案】spending 【解析】考查 V-ing 作主语。句意：根据这一理论，无论人们是在公园里锻炼还是只是散步，每天在公园里呆 20 分钟都有助于减轻压力。spend 作主语时，需用动名词形式 spending；单个 V-ing 短语作主语，谓语动词用单数 helps，故填 spending。 翻译。 1. 我很乐意推荐慢跑作为我最喜欢的爱好。 2. 定期慢跑是保持健康的最佳方式之一。 3. 在新鲜空气中跑步是缓解学习压力的好方法。 4. 每天坚持慢跑有助于培养意志力。 5. 每天从 15 分钟开始就足够了。 1.【答案】I’m glad to recommend jogging as my favorite hobby. 【解析】考查动名词作宾语。“推荐” 后接名词性成分作宾语，“慢跑” 用动名词 jogging，符合 “recommend doing sth.” 的固定搭配，也契合 V-ing 形式表抽象动作的用法。 2.【答案】Jogging regularly is one of the best ways to keep fit. 【解析】考查 V-ing 作主语。“定期慢跑” 为习惯性动作，用动名词短语 Jogging regularly 作主语，谓语动词用单数 is；“保持健康” 译为 “keep fit”，是高考高频短语，不定式 to keep fit 作后置定语修饰 ways。 3.【答案】Running in the fresh air is a great way to relieve study pressure. 【解析】考查 V-ing 作主语。“在新鲜空气中跑步” 用动名词短语 Running in the fresh air 作主语，介词短语 in the fresh air 作后置定语修饰 running；“缓解学习压力” 译为 “relieve study pressure”，不定式 to relieve... 作后置定语修饰 way。 4.【答案】Sticking to jogging every day helps develop willpower. 【解析】考查 V-ing 作主语。“坚持慢跑” 用动名词短语 Sticking to jogging 作主语，stick to 后接动名词形式，符合 “介词 + V-ing” 的语法规则；谓语动词 help 后接动词原形 develop，“意志力” 译为 willpower，为不可数名词。 5.【答案】Starting with 15 minutes a day is enough. 【解析】考查 V-ing 作主语。“从 15 分钟开始” 用动名词短语 Starting with 15 minutes a day 作主语，starting 为及物动词，后接介词短语 with 15 minutes 作宾语；谓语动词用单数 is，enough 作表语，符合 “V-ing 短语 + be + 形容词” 的主系表结构。 动词-ing形式作宾语（巩固培优） 一、核心定义 动词 - ing 形式（动名词）作宾语，是指将动词的 - ing 形式置于及物动词、介词或某些固定短语后，充当宾语成分，表达一个动作、行为或抽象概念，其语法功能相当于名词。 二、常见搭配类型 搭配类型 具体示例 例句 及物动词后接 V-ing admit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, mind, practice, suggest 等 She enjoys painting in her free time.（她喜欢在空闲时间画画） 介词后接 V-ing at, in, on, with, without, about, instead of, thanks to 等 He succeeded by working hard.（他通过努力工作取得了成功） 固定短语后接 V-ing can't help, feel like, give up, keep on, put off, be used to 等 She can't help laughing when she sees funny videos.（看到有趣的视频她忍不住笑） 既可接 V-ing 也可接不定式（语义不同） forget, remember, regret, stop, try 等 ①I remember meeting her at the party.（我记得在派对上见过她 —— 动作已发生，接 V-ing）； ②I need to remember to call him.（我需要记得给他打电话 —— 动作未发生，接不定式） 【方法归纳】 1. 及物动词后直接接 V-ing：如admit（承认），appreciate（感激），avoid（避免），consider（考虑），delay（推迟），deny（否认），enjoy（喜欢），escape（逃脱），excuse（原谅），fancy（想象），finish（完成），forgive（原谅），imagine（想象），keep（保持），mind（介意），miss（错过），practise（练习），resist（抵抗），risk（冒险），suggest（建议）等后只能接 V-ing 作宾语，不能接不定式。 2. 介词后必须接 V-ing：所有介词（包括固定短语中的介词）后接动词时，需用 V-ing 形式。 否定形式：在 V-ing 前加 not，即 not + V-ing。例：Not finishing the task on time made him angry.（未按时完成任务让他生气） 3. 复合结构：“形容词性物主代词 / 名词所有格 + V-ing” 可作宾语，强调动作的逻辑主语。例：I don't mind your opening the window.（我不介意你开窗） 【易错提醒】 误：He suggested to go there by bus.（suggest 后接 V-ing，应用 going） 正：He suggested going there by bus. 误：She is used to get up early.（be used to 中 to 是介词，应用 getting） 正：She is used to getting up early. 误：I have finished to do my homework.（finish 后接 V-ing，应用 doing） 正：I have finished doing my homework. 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、巩固提升练（基础小题） （一）单项选择（每题 1 分，共 15 分） 1.（2023・新课标 I 卷）The manager suggested ________ a meeting to discuss the problem. A. hold B. holding C. to hold D. held 【答案】B 【解析】考查及物动词后接 V-ing 作宾语。句意：经理建议开个会讨论这个问题。suggest 为及物动词，后接 V-ing 形式作宾语，固定搭配为 suggest doing sth.，故选 B。 2. （2022・浙江卷）I avoid ________ him because he always talks too much. A. meet B. meeting C. to meet D. met 【答案】B 【解析】考查及物动词后接 V-ing 作宾语。句意：我避免见他，因为他总是话太多。avoid 为及物动词，后接 V-ing 形式作宾语，固定搭配为 avoid doing sth.，故选 B。 3. （2021・天津卷）She is used to ________ early in the morning to do exercise. A. get up B. getting up C. get D. got up 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定短语后接 V-ing 作宾语。句意：她习惯早上早起锻炼。be used to 中 to 为介词，后接 V-ing 形式作宾语，固定搭配为 be used to doing sth.（习惯做某事），故选 B。 4. He couldn't help ________ when he heard the funny story. A. laugh B. laughing C. to laugh D. laughed 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定短语后接 V-ing 作宾语。句意：听到这个有趣的故事，他忍不住笑了。can't help 后接 V-ing 形式作宾语，固定搭配为 can't help doing sth.（忍不住做某事），故选 B。 5. （2020・全国卷 III）They decided to give up ________ because it's bad for health. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定短语后接 V-ing 作宾语。句意：他们决定戒烟，因为吸烟有害健康。give up 后接 V-ing 形式作宾语，固定搭配为 give up doing sth.（放弃做某事），故选 B。 6. I appreciate ________ my English homework. A. your helping B. you help C. to help D. helped 【答案】A 【解析】考查 V-ing 的复合结构作宾语。句意：我感谢你帮我辅导英语作业。appreciate 后接 “形容词性物主代词 + V-ing” 结构，your 为逻辑主语，helping 作宾语，符合 “appreciate one's doing sth.” 的规范用法，故选 A。 7.（2019・江苏卷）He suggested ________ the problem in a different way. A. solve B. solving C. to solve D. solved 【答案】B 【解析】考查及物动词后接 V-ing 作宾语。句意：他建议用不同的方法解决这个问题。suggest 后接 V-ing 形式作宾语，固定搭配为 suggest doing sth.，故选 B。 7. She is considering ________ a new job in another city. A. find B. finding C. to find D. found 【答案】B 【解析】考查及物动词后接 V-ing 作宾语。句意：她正在考虑在另一个城市找一份新工作。consider 后接 V-ing 形式作宾语，固定搭配为 consider doing sth.（考虑做某事），故选 B。 9. （2018・浙江卷）He devoted his life to ________ the poor people. A. help B. helping C. to help D. helped 【答案】B 【解析】考查介词后接 V-ing 作宾语。句意：他一生致力于帮助穷人。devote...to 中 to 为介词，后接 V-ing 形式作宾语，固定搭配为 devote...to doing sth.，故选 B。 10. I mind ________ noise in the library. A. make B. making C. to make D. made 【答案】B 【解析】考查及物动词后接 V-ing 作宾语。句意：我介意在图书馆里制造噪音。mind 后接 V-ing 形式作宾语，固定搭配为 mind doing sth.（介意做某事），故选 B。 11. （2017・全国卷 I）She finished ________ the novel in three days. A. read B.reading C. to read D. reads 【答案】B 【解析】考查及物动词后接 V-ing 作宾语。句意：她三天内读完了这本小说。finish 后接 V-ing 形式作宾语，固定搭配为 finish doing sth.（完成做某事），故选 B。 12. He succeeded in ________ the exam after hard work. A. pass B. passing C. to pass D. passed 【答案】B 【解析】考查介词后接 V-ing 作宾语。句意：经过努力，他成功通过了考试。succeed in 中 in 为介词，后接 V-ing 形式作宾语，固定搭配为 succeed in doing sth.（成功做某事），故选 B。 13. （2024・全国卷）They put off ________ the meeting because of the bad weather. A. hold B. holding C. to hold D. held 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定短语后接 V-ing 作宾语。句意：由于天气不好，他们推迟了会议。put off 后接 V-ing 形式作宾语，固定搭配为 put off doing sth.（推迟做某事），故选 B。 14. I feel like ________ a walk after dinner. A. take B. taking C. to take D. took 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定短语后接 V-ing 作宾语。句意：我饭后想散步。feel like 后接 V-ing 形式作宾语，固定搭配为 feel like doing sth.（想要做某事），故选 B。 15. （2023・天津卷）He apologized for ________ late for the meeting. A. be B. being C. to be D. been 【答案】B 【解析】考查介词后接 V-ing 作宾语。句意：他为开会迟到道歉。apologize for 中 for 为介词，后接 V-ing 形式作宾语；be 动词的动名词形式为 being，因此 “迟到” 的 V-ing 表达为 being late，故填 B。 （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空（每题 1 分，共 5 分） 1.（2024・浙江卷）She enjoys ________ (listen) to classical music in her free time. 【答案】listening 【解析】考查及物动词后接 V-ing 作宾语。句意：她喜欢在空闲时间听古典音乐。enjoy 后接 V-ing 形式作宾语，固定搭配为 enjoy doing sth.，故填 listening。 2. He avoided ________ (answer) my questions directly. 【答案】answering 【解析】考查及物动词后接 V-ing 作宾语。句意：他避免直接回答我的问题。avoid 后接 V-ing 形式作宾语，固定搭配为 avoid doing sth.，故填 answering。 3. （2023・全国卷）They are used to ________ (work) long hours every day. 【答案】working 【解析】考查固定短语后接 V-ing 作宾语。句意：他们习惯了每天长时间工作。be used to 中 to 为介词，后接 V-ing 形式作宾语，固定搭配为 be used to doing sth.，故填 working。 4. I can't help ________ (cry) when I watch sad movies. 【答案】crying 【解析】考查固定短语后接 V-ing 作宾语。句意：我看悲伤的电影时忍不住哭。can't help 后接 V-ing 形式作宾语，固定搭配为 can't help doing sth.，故填 crying。 5. （2022・天津卷）He suggested ________ (go) to the park for a picnic this weekend. 【答案】going 【解析】考查及物动词后接 V-ing 作宾语。句意：他建议这周末去公园野餐。suggest 后接 V-ing 形式作宾语，固定搭配为 suggest doing sth.，故填 going。 2、 语法填空（每空 1 分，共 3 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 I noticed that heavier objects in the whirlpool sank more quickly than lighter ones. I tried to make my brother understand that we needed to act quickly, but he was too frightened and stayed in the boat. Without 1.___________(wait), I jumped into the sea to try and escape. 【答案】waiting 【解析】考查动词 - ing 形式作宾语。句意：没有等待，我跳进海里试图逃生。介词 Without 后接动词时，需用 V-ing 形式作宾语，wait 的动名词形式为 waiting，符合 “介词 + V-ing” 的核心规则，故填 waiting。 Passage 2 （2023·全国·高考真题）Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, 2.____ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message intended for everyone. 【答案】borrowing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。 Passage 3 To make the most of your trip, it's important to avoid planning every detail too rigidly. Instead, consider  leaving some free time to wander around and discover unexpected surprises. Traveling is not just about reaching the destination. Many people find that the joy of traveling lies in 3. ________ (experience) the journey itself—tasting local food, meeting new people and enjoying beautiful scenery. 【答案】 experiencing 【解析】考查 V-ing 作宾语。句意：记住，旅行的乐趣在于体验旅程本身，而不仅仅是到达目的地。lie in 中 in 为介词，后接 V-ing 形式作宾语，故填 experiencing。 翻译。 1. 我最喜欢的方式是听音乐和做运动，这些方法总是很有效。 2. 听轻音乐有助于我忘记烦恼、平静下来。 3. 当我感到压力大时，我会花 15 分钟欣赏古典音乐，这让我感到放松。 4. 此外，做慢跑或打篮球之类的运动是另一个不错的选择。 5. 你会发现，专注于这些活动而不是担心学习，会有很大的不同。 1. 【答案】My favorite ways are listening to music and doing sports, which always work well. 【解析】考查 V-ing 形式作表语及非限制性定语从句。“听音乐”“做运动” 用动名词短语 listening to music、doing sports 作表语，表习惯性动作；后半句 which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文提到的两种方式，符合 “先行词为物，非限制性定语从句用 which 引导” 的规则。 2.【答案】Listening to light music helps me in forgetting worries and calming down. 【解析】考查 V-ing 形式作主语和宾语。“听轻音乐” 用动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数 helps；“有助于忘记” 中 in 为介词，后接动名词 forgetting 作宾语，“calming down” 与 “forgetting worries” 并列，符合 “介词 + V-ing” 的语法规则。 3.【答案】When I feel stressed, I spend 15 minutes enjoying classical music, and it makes me feel relaxed. 【解析】考查 V-ing 形式作宾语。“花费时间做某事” 用固定搭配 spend time (in) doing sth.，enjoying 作宾语；“感到压力大” 译为 feel stressed，“感到放松” 译为 feel relaxed，符合形容词作表语的用法，逻辑连贯。 4.【答案】Besides, doing sports like jogging or playing basketball is another great choice. 【解析】考查 V-ing 形式作主语。“做运动” 用动名词短语 doing sports 作主语，谓语动词用单数 is；“慢跑”“打篮球” 用动名词 jogging、playing basketball 作介词 like 的宾语，符合 “介词后接 V-ing” 的规则。 5.【答案】You’ll find that focusing on these activities instead of worrying about studies can make a big difference. 【解析】考查 V-ing 形式作主语。that 宾语从句中，“focusing on these activities” 与 “worrying about studies” 均为动名词短语，分别作主语和介词 instead of 的宾语；“make a big difference” 为高考高频短语，意为 “有很大影响”，语法与语义均符合要求。 动词-ing形式作表语（巩固培优） 一、核心定义 动词 - ing 形式（动名词或现在分词）作表语，是指将动词的 - ing 形式置于系动词（be, seem, look, sound, feel, become, remain 等）后，充当表语成分，用于说明主语的性质、特征、身份、状态或具体动作，其语法功能相当于名词或形容词。 二、常见搭配类型 结构类型 核心用法 例句 动名词作表语 表主语的内容、身份、职业或抽象动作，与主语为对等关系（可互换位置，句意不变） ①His job is teaching English.（他的工作是教英语 —— 表职业）②My hobby is collecting stamps.（我的爱好是集邮 —— 表内容） 现在分词作表语 表主语的性质、特征或状态，主语多为事物，常用 “主语 + be + -ing” 结构，相当于 “主语 + be + 形容词” ①The film is exciting.（这部电影很令人兴奋 —— 表性质）②The situation is quite worrying.（形势相当令人担忧 —— 表状态） 固定搭配类 部分系动词（如 seem, appear, keep, remain）后接 - ing 形式，表持续状态 ①He seems lacking in confidence.（他似乎缺乏自信）；②The problem remains worrying.（问题仍令人担忧 ——-ing 表主动 / 令人…，与 - ed 表被动 / 感到… 形成对比） 【方法归纳】 1. 主谓一致：动名词作表语时，主语通常为单数（表抽象概念或单一动作），谓语动词用单数；若主语为复数（表多个动作或事物），需根据语义调整 - ing 形式（多为并列结构）。 2. 与不定式作表语的区别：动名词作表语侧重习惯性、抽象性的动作或状态；不定式作表语侧重具体的、一次性的动作或未发生的动作。例：①His goal is becoming a doctor.（他的目标是当医生 —— 长期志向，抽象）；②His goal is to pass the exam.（他的目标是通过考试 —— 具体近期目标）。 3. 与进行时的区别：现在分词作表语时，系动词仅表 “状态”，无 “动作正在进行” 的含义；进行时中 “be + -ing” 表动作正在发生。例：①The book is interesting.（这本书很有趣 —— 表性质，作表语）；②He is reading the book.（他正在读这本书 —— 表动作，进行时）。 4. 否定形式：在 - ing 前加 not，即 “be + not + -ing”。例：①His hobby is not playing football.（他的爱好不是踢足球）；②The task is not easy, but it’s not discouraging.（任务不简单，但并不令人气馁）。 【易错提醒】 误：His job is teach English.（应用 teaching，动名词作表语） 正：His job is teaching English. 误：The news is excited.（主语为事物，应用 exciting；excited 主语为人） 正：The news is exciting.（消息令人兴奋）/ He is excited at the news.（他对消息感到兴奋） 误：My plan is visit Beijing next month.（具体计划，可用不定式 to visit，或动名词 visiting 表抽象） 正：My plan is to visit Beijing next month.（更符合具体动作语境） 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、巩固提升练（基础小题） （一）单项选择（每题 1 分，共 15 分） 1.（2023・新课标 II 卷）The most satisfying part of the job is ________ people improve their lives. A. help B. helping C. to help D. helped 【答案】B 【解析】考查动名词作表语。句意：这份工作最令人满意的部分是帮助人们改善生活。此处 “帮助人们改善生活” 是工作的核心内容，表抽象动作，用动名词 helping 作表语，与主语 “the most satisfying part” 为对等关系，故选 B。 2. （2022・浙江卷）The performance was so ________ that the audience stood up and cheered loudly. A. amazing B. amazed C. amaze D. to amaze 【答案】A 【解析】考查现在分词作表语。句意：表演如此令人惊叹，以至于观众站起来大声欢呼。主语为 “the performance”（事物），表 “令人… 的”，用现在分词 amazing 作表语；amazed 主语为人，表 “感到惊叹的”，故选 A。 3. （2021・天津卷）His greatest pleasure is ________ in the countryside on weekends. A. walk B. walking C. to walk D. walked 【答案】B 【解析】考查动名词作表语。句意：他最大的乐趣是周末在乡下散步。“周末散步” 是习惯性、抽象的乐趣，用动名词 walking 作表语，符合 “表长期爱好” 的用法，故选 B。 4. The problem is ________ and we need to deal with it immediately. A. worrying B. worried C. worry D. to worry 【答案】A 【解析】考查现在分词作表语。句意：这个问题令人担忧，我们需要立即处理它。主语为 “the problem”（事物），表 “令人担忧的”，用现在分词 worrying 作表语；worried 主语为人，故选 A。 5. （2020・全国卷 III）Her dream is ________ a famous pianist, so she practices the piano every day. A. Become B. becoming C. to become D. became 【答案】B 【解析】考查动名词作表语。句意：她的梦想是成为一名著名的钢琴家，所以她每天都练习钢琴。“成为钢琴家” 是长期志向，表抽象目标，用动名词 becoming 作表语；若强调 “近期具体目标”，可用 to become，此处动名词更贴合 “长期梦想” 语境，故选 B。 6. The film we watched yesterday is really ________. I want to watch it again. A. interesting B. interested C. interest D. to interest 【答案】A 【解析】考查现在分词作表语。句意：我们昨天看的电影真的很有趣。我想再看一遍。主语为 “the film”（事物），表 “令人有趣的”，用现在分词 interesting 作表语；interested 主语为人，故选 A。 7. （2019・江苏卷）What he values most is ________ time with his family. A. spend B. spending C. to spend D. spent 【答案】B 【解析】考查动名词作表语。句意：他最看重的是和家人共度时光。“和家人共度时光” 是抽象的价值观体现，用动名词 spending 作表语，与主语 “what he values most” 对等，故选 B。 8.The situation is ________ than we expected, but we still have confidence to solve it. A. more challenging B. more challenged C. challenging D. challenged 【答案】A 【解析】考查现在分词作表语及比较级。句意：情况比我们预想的更具挑战性，但我们仍然有信心解决它。主语为 “the situation”（事物），表 “具有挑战性的”，用现在分词 challenging；由 “than” 可知用比较级 more challenging，故选 A。 9.（2018・浙江卷）One of the advantages of online shopping is ________ convenient and time-saving. A. be B. being C. to be D. been 【答案】B 【解析】考查动名词作表语。句意：网上购物的优势之一是方便且省时。“方便且省时” 是网上购物的固有特征，表抽象属性，用动名词 being（后接形容词）作表语，符合 “系动词 + ing + 形容词” 结构，故选 B。 10. His main job is ________ the company’s financial records. A. manage B. managing C. to manage D. managed 【答案】B 【解析】考查动名词作表语。句意：他的主要工作是管理公司的财务记录。“管理财务记录” 是工作的核心内容，表职业职责，用动名词 managing 作表语，与主语 “his main job” 对等，故选 B。 11. （2017・全国卷 I）The activity is ________ and all the students are looking forward to it. A. exciting B. excited C. excite D. to excite 【答案】A 【解析】考查现在分词作表语。句意：这项活动令人兴奋，所有学生都期待着它。主语为 “the activity”（事物），表 “令人兴奋的”，用现在分词 exciting 作表语；excited 主语为人，故选 A。 12. What makes the book special is ________ it combines history with humor. A. that B. which C. being D. to be 【答案】C 【解析】考查表语从句。句意：这本书的特别之处在于它将历史与幽默结合在了一起。从句结构完整，需用 that 引导表语从句，that 无实际含义，仅起连接作用，故选 A。 13. （2024・全国卷）The key to success is ________ persistent and never giving up. A. be B. being C. to be D. been 【答案】B 【解析】考查动名词作表语。句意：成功的关键是坚持不懈、永不放弃。“坚持不懈” 是抽象的品质要求，用动名词 being（后接形容词 persistent）作表语，与 “never giving up” 并列，符合 “系动词 + ing + 形容词” 结构，故选 B。 14. The music sounds ________ and it makes me feel relaxed. A. pleasing B. pleased C. please D. to please 【答案】A 【解析】考查现在分词作表语。句意：这段音乐听起来很悦耳，让我感到放松。主语为 “the music”（事物），系动词 sound 后接现在分词 pleasing（令人愉悦的）作表语；pleased 主语为人，故选 A。 15. （2023・天津卷）Her favorite pastime is ________ in the garden after dinner. A. work B. working C. to work D. worked 【答案】B 【解析】考查动名词作表语。句意：她最喜欢的消遣是晚饭后在花园里劳作。“晚饭后在花园劳作” 是习惯性的消遣方式，表抽象动作，用动名词 working 作表语，符合 “表长期爱好” 的用法，故选 B。 （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空（每题 1 分，共 5 分） 1.（2024・浙江卷）The most important thing is ________ (keep) calm when facing difficulties. 【答案】keeping 【解析】考查动名词作表语。句意：面对困难时，最重要的是保持冷静。“保持冷静” 是抽象的处事原则，用动名词 keeping 作表语，表长期适用的状态，故填 keeping。 2. The film is ________ (surprise) and it has won many international awards. 【答案】surprising 【解析】考查现在分词作表语。句意：这部电影令人惊讶，它赢得了许多国际奖项。主语为 “the film”（事物），表 “令人惊讶的”，用现在分词 surprising，故填 surprising。 3.（2023・全国卷）His ambition is ________ (become) a scientist who can make contributions to human progress.【答案】becoming 【解析】考查动名词作表语。句意：他的志向是成为一名能为人类进步做贡献的科学家。“成为科学家” 是长期抽象的志向，用动名词 becoming 作表语，故填 becoming。 4. The task is ________ (tire), but we must finish it on time. 【答案】tiring 【解析】考查现在分词作表语。句意：这项任务很累人，但我们必须按时完成它。主语为 “the task”（事物），表 “令人疲惫的”，用现在分词 tiring，故填 tiring。 5.（2022・天津卷）What she enjoys most is ________ (read) classic novels in her free time. 【答案】reading 【解析】考查动名词作表语。句意：她最喜欢的是在空闲时间读经典小说。“读经典小说” 是习惯性的爱好，用动名词 reading 作表语，故填 reading。 3、 语法填空（每空 1 分，共 3 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 （2024・全国模拟卷）Urban gardening has become a popular trend among city dwellers. Many people enjoy 1._____________ (grow) vegetables and flowers on balconies or rooftops. They find joy in watering the plants every morning and harvesting fresh produce. Some communities even organize group activities, encouraging residents to join in 2._____________(share) gardening experiences. Experts suggest starting with easy-to-grow plants like tomatoes and lettuce for beginners. By devoting a little time each day, people can not only get close to nature but also reduce stress from busy work. 1.【答案】growing 【解析】考查及物动词后接 V-ing 作宾语。enjoy 后接 V-ing 形式，故填 growing。 2.【答案】sharing 【解析】考查介词后接 V-ing 作宾语。in 为介词，后接 V-ing 形式，故填 sharing。 Passage 2 （2023・浙江真题改编）Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, 3._____________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. She avoids 4._____________ (use) complex sentences, making the story easy to understand. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message intended for everyone—she hopes to remind people of the importance of protecting the environment through this fable. 3.【答案】borrowing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语 her fable 与 borrow 为主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故填 borrowing。 4.【答案】using 【解析】考查及物动词后接 V-ing 作宾语。avoid 后接 V-ing 形式，故填 using。 Passage 3 Traveling is a wonderful way to broaden horizons. Before 5._____________ (set) off, it's wise to make a plan, but we shouldn't spend too much time planning every detail. During the trip, try to avoid staying in crowded tourist spots all the time. Instead, consider wandering around local streets,6 ._____________(taste) traditional food, and talking with locals. Many travelers regret missing such experiences. Remember, the joy of traveling lies in 7._____________(experience) the journey itself, not just reaching the destination. Don't forget to take photos to record beautiful moments! 5.【答案】setting 【解析】考查介词后接 V-ing 作宾语。before 为介词，后接 V-ing 形式，故填 setting。 6.【答案】tasting 【解析】考查并列结构。与 wandering、talking 并列，作 consider 的宾语，故填 tasting。 7.【答案】experiencing 【解析】考查介词后接 V-ing 作宾语。in 为介词，后接 V-ing 形式，故填 experiencing。 “动词 - ing 形式作表语高考翻译题 1.我很乐意分享我对校园志愿服务的看法。 【答案】I’m glad to share my views on campus volunteer service. 【解析】考查固定短语与名词搭配。“校园志愿服务” 译为 campus volunteer service，“分享对…… 的看法” 用 share views on sth.，为高考高频表达，符合书面语规范。 2.在我看来，它的核心意义是帮助他人和提升自我。 【答案】In my opinion, its core meaning is helping others and improving ourselves. 【解析】考查动名词作表语。“核心意义是……” 后接抽象动作，用动名词短语 helping others and improving ourselves 作表语，与主语 core meaning 为对等关系，表长期不变的本质，符合动名词作表语的用法规则。 3. 志愿服务的过程是令人难忘且有意义的。 【答案】The process of volunteering is unforgettable and meaningful. 【解析】考查现在分词作表语。主语为 the process of volunteering（事物），表 “令人…… 的”，用现在分词 unforgettable 和 meaningful 作表语，并列结构符合 “系动词 + 形容词” 的主系表逻辑，体现事物的性质特征。 4. 志愿服务最大的收获是学会与他人合作并承担责任。 【答案】The biggest gain from volunteering is learning to cooperate with others and taking responsibility.【解析】考查动名词作表语。“最大的收获是……” 后接抽象能力的获得，用动名词短语 learning to cooperate...and taking responsibility 作表语，learning 与 taking 并列，符合 “表抽象成果” 的动名词作表语用法。 5. 我建议你们学校也开展类似的活动，这会让你们的校园生活更加丰富多彩、富有意义。 【答案】I suggest your school also carry out similar activities. It will make your campus life more colorful and meaningful. 【解析】考查动词短语与形容词比较级。“开展活动” 译为 carry out activities，“更加丰富多彩、富有意义” 用 more colorful and meaningful，形容词比较级符合 “使某物更具某种特征” 的语境，语法与语义连贯。 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $