2026年中考英语复习被动语态难点&专项练习 讲义

该初中英语中考复习资料聚焦被动语态专题，覆盖基本判断、构成、主动表被动、短语动词、双宾语及与系表结构区别等中考核心考点，设计“考点梳理-方法归纳-真题训练-分层突破”教学环节，通过思维导图构建知识体系，结合例题解析突破难点。 亮点在于“易错点情境辨析”策略，如通过“感官动词主动表被动（The cloth feels soft）与被动语态（The window was broken）”的对比练习，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设基础、综合、应用三级练习，配合即时解析与错题归类，确保不同层次学生高效提升，教师可据此精准把控复习节奏，助力学生掌握应考技巧。

中考被动语态难点&专项练习 一、核心难点解析 1. 被动语态的基本判断 难点：不知道什么时候用被动语态。 关键点：被动语态强调动作的承受者，常用于以下情况： 不知道或没必要指出动作执行者（如：The window was broken.） 强调动作本身或承受者（如：Rice is grown in South China.） 科技文章、新闻报道等客观描述中。 2. 被动语态的构成 公式：be + 过去分词（P.P.） 难点：be动词随主语和时态变化，学生容易忘记变形。 现在时：am/is/are + P.P. 过去时：was/were + P.P. 将来时：will be + P.P. 现在完成时：have/has been + P.P. 含情态动词：情态动词 + be + P.P.（如：can be done） 3. 易混淆的主动表被动 有些动词用主动形式表示被动含义，中考常考： （1）感官动词（look, feel, sound, taste, smell）+ 形容词 （如：The silk feels smooth.） （2）某些不及物动词（sell, read, write, open, close等）+ 副词 （如：The book sells well. 这本书卖得好。） （3）need/want/require + doing 表示被动（如：The bike needs repairing.） 4. 短语动词的被动语态 难点：动词+介词/副词构成的短语（如：look after, turn on）在变被动时，介词或副词不能省略。 主动：They took good care of the children. 被动：The children were taken good care of. 5. 双宾语的被动语态 难点：一个宾语变主语，另一个保留（称为“保留宾语”）。 主动：My mother gave me a book. 被动1：I was given a book by my mother.（人作主语更常见） 被动2：A book was given to me by my mother. 6. 被动语态与系表结构的区别 难点：形式相似（都是be + P.P.），但意义不同。 被动语态：强调动作，常接by短语，可用于多种时态。 系表结构：强调状态，P.P.相当于形容词，常用一般时态。 对比： The window is broken.（系表，状态） The window was broken by Tom.（被动，动作） 二、中考高频考点与易错点 1. 时态与语态的结合考查 考题常同时考查时态和语态，需要两步判断： （1）根据上下文确定时态。 （2）根据主语与动词关系确定是否用被动。 例：The new bridge ___ in our city next year. A. is built B. will build C. will be built D. has been built 答案：C（将来时的被动） 2. 被动语态中“by短语”的省略与使用 当动作执行者不言自明或不重要时，常省略by短语。 但中考题可能考查保留by的情况，需根据句意判断。 3. 被动语态中的否定与疑问 否定：在be动词或情态动词后加not。 疑问：将be动词或情态动词提前。 三、解题步骤与技巧 1.判断主语与动词的关系 主语是动作的执行者 → 主动语态。 主语是动作的承受者 → 被动语态。 2.确定时态 根据时间状语或上下文确定该用何种时态。 3.检查动词形式 被动语态中，过去分词是否正确（尤其是不规则动词）。 4.注意特殊情况 主动表被动、短语动词、双宾语等。 四、经典例题分析 例题1：Many trees ___ on the hills every year. A. plant B. planted C. are planted D. were planted 解析：时间状语every year表示经常性动作，用一般现在时；主语trees是plant的承受者 → 被动语态。选C。 例题2：The room ___ every day. It looks clean. A. cleans B. is cleaning C. is cleaned D. has cleaned 解析：根据后句“它看起来很干净”可知，房间是被打扫的，用一般现在时的被动。选C。 五、复习建议 1.熟记被动语态结构：分时态制作表格记忆。 2.重点突破不规则动词：过去分词必须记牢。 3.专题练习短语动词和双宾语的被动：集中攻克易错点。 4.多做综合题：结合时态、语态、主谓一致等综合判断。 5.善用错题本：整理典型错误，考前反复看。 中考被动语态难点专项练习 一、基础判断与构成（考点：被动语态基本判断与时态构成） 1.English ______ in many countries around the world. A. speaks B. is spoken C. spoke D. has spoken 2.The Great Wall ______ thousands of years ago. A. built B. was built C. has built D. is built 3.—Can I use your bike? —Sorry, it ______ by my brother now. A. uses B. is using C. is used D. is being used 4.By the end of last month, the project ______. A. completed B. was completed C. had completed D. had been completed 5.The problem ______ at the meeting tomorrow. A. will discuss B. will be discussed C. is discussing D. has been discussed 二、主动表被动（考点：用主动形式表示被动含义） 1.This kind of cloth ______ soft and smooth. A. feels B. is felt C. was felt D. has felt 2.The new book by Mo Yan ______ well. A. sells B. is sold C. was sold D. has sold 3.The door ______ easily. You don't need to push it hard. A. opens B. is opened C. was opened D. will open 4.The food tastes ______. Would you like some? A. good B. well C. to be good D. being good 5.My watch doesn't work. It needs ______. A. to repair B. repairing C. repaired D. being repaired 三、短语动词的被动语态（考点：动词短语变被动时介词/副词的保留） 1.The children are well ______ in the kindergarten. A. looked after B. looked C. looking after D. look after 2.The meeting has been ______ until next Friday. A. put off B. put C. putting off D. putted off 3.The old rules should be ______. A. done away with B. done away C. doing away with D. done with away 4.This topic was ______ again and again during the discussion. A. referred to B. referred C. referring to D. refer to 5.The lights must be ______ before you leave the room. A. turned off B. turned C. turning off D. turn off 四、双宾语的被动语态（考点：双宾语结构中两个宾语的转换） 1.The teacher gave Mary a book. (改为被动语态) → Mary ______ a book by the teacher. → A book ______ Mary by the teacher. 2.My father bought me a new bike. (改为两种被动语态) → I ______ a new bike by my father. → A new bike ______ me by my father. 3.They told us an interesting story. (改为被动语态，以"我们"为主语) → We ______ an interesting story. 4.Can you lend me your dictionary? (改为被动语态) → Can ______? A. I be lent your dictionary B. your dictionary be lent to me C. both A and B are correct D. your dictionary lent to me 5.The company offered Tom a good job. (改为被动语态) → Tom ______ a good job by the company. 五、被动语态与系表结构的区别（考点：be+过去分词表示动作还是状态） 1.The window is ______. Who did it? A. breaking B. broken C. broke D. break 2.The window was ______ by the strong wind yesterday. A. breaking B. broken C. broke D. break 3.When I got to the cinema, the tickets were ______. A. selling out B. sold out C. sell out D. sold 4.The store is ______ at 9 p.m. every day. A. closed B. closing C. close D. closes 5.The library is usually ______ at 5 p.m., but today it will ______ at 6 p.m. A. closed; be closed B. closing; be closed C. closed; close D. closing; close 六、综合应用（考点：结合时态、语态、语境的综合判断） 1.—Your classroom is very clean. —Yes, it ______ every day. A. cleans B. cleaned C. is cleaned D. was cleaned 2.So far, many man-made satellites ______ into space. A. are sent B. were sent C. have been sent D. had been sent 3.—When ______ this kind of computer ______? —Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used 4.The river smells terrible. People must ______ dirty things into it. A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing 5.—Must the work ______ today? —No, it ______. You can finish it tomorrow. A. be done; mustn't B. do; mustn't C. be done; needn't D. do; needn't 七、句型转换（考点：主动句与被动句的相互转换） 1.People speak English as the first language in many countries. → English ______ as the first language in many countries. 2.Did they build the bridge in 1998? → ______ the bridge ______ in 1998? 3.We can't see many stars in the daytime. → Many stars ______ in the daytime. 4.You should write your answers on the answer sheet. → Your answers ______ on the answer sheet. 5.The workers are painting the house now. → The house ______ by the workers now. 参考答案及解析 一、基础判断与构成 1.B (一般现在时被动) 2.B (一般过去时被动，时间状语thousands of years ago) 3.D (现在进行时被动，now提示正在被使用) 4.D (过去完成时被动，by the end of last month提示) 5.B (一般将来时被动，tomorrow提示) 二、主动表被动 1.A (feel为感官动词，用主动表被动) 2.A (sell well固定搭配，主动表被动) 3.A (open用主动形式表被动含义) 4.A (taste为感官动词，后接形容词) 5.B (need doing = need to be done) 三、短语动词的被动语态 1.A (look after为短语动词，被动时after不能省) 2.A (put off推迟，被动时off不能省) 3.A (do away with废除，被动时with不能省) 4.A (refer to提及，被动时to不能省) 5.A (turn off关闭，被动时off不能省) 四、双宾语的被动语态 1.was given; was given to 2.was bought; was bought for 3.were told 4.C (双宾语被动两种形式都正确) 5.was offered 五、被动语态与系表结构的区别 1.B (系表结构，表示状态) 2.B (被动语态，强调动作，有by短语) 3.B (系表结构，卖完的状态) 4.A (系表结构，表示每天关门的状态) 5.A (第一个closed系表结构，第二个be closed被动语态) 六、综合应用 1.C (every day提示一般现在时被动) 2.C (so far提示现在完成时被动) 3.B (last year提示一般过去时，电脑被使用) 4.B (must be stopped from doing必须被阻止做某事) 5.C (must表示必须，被动用be done; 否定回答用needn't不必) 七、句型转换 1.is spoken 2.Was; built 3.can't be seen 4.should be written 5.is being painted 八、改错题 1.C listen to → listened to (过去分词错误) 2.B discuss → be discussed (缺少be动词) 3.B wrote → written (过去分词错误) 4.B take → be taken (应为被动语态) 5.A I given → I was given (缺少be动词) 做题建议： 1.先独立完成所有题目，再对照答案 2.分析错误原因，归类错题类型 3.针对薄弱环节进行专项复习 4.重点关注不规则动词的过去分词形式 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $