专题十四 主谓一致 专题讲义-2026年九年级中考英语一轮复习

该初中英语讲义聚焦主谓一致专题，覆盖中考核心的语法一致、意义一致、就近及就远原则四大考点，以“主语单复数决定谓语单复数”为核心构建知识体系，通过考点梳理（规则解析）、方法指导（判断技巧）、真题训练（典型例题）三阶教学环节，帮助学生系统突破语法难点。 亮点在于“规则-实例-应用”一体化教学策略，如意义一致中通过“时间/金钱作主语”实例辨析，培养学生思维品质，就近原则里“not only...but also...”连接主语的真题演练提升语言能力。设基础巩固与能力提升分层练习，配合即时答案反馈，确保高效复习，助力教师精准把控节奏，提升学生应考能力。

专题十四 主谓一致 专题讲义 主谓一致核心是 “主语单复数决定谓语单复数”，可分为语法一致（看形式）、意义一致（看含义），就近 / 就远原则（看连接词）。 1、 语法一致原则（看形式） 语法一致的原则是指主语和谓语动词在语法形式上保持一致，主语是单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词亦用复数形式。这一原则多适用于句子主语是名词或代词的情况。 1. 要正确地判断出主语： In front of the girl are some flowers. 女孩面前有一些花。（主语是some flowers） 2. each和something等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，常见的有：each, one, either, neither, little, a little, much；以及something, anything, everything, somebody, anybody等复合不定代词。 Someone is looking for you. 有人在找你。 3. many a（许多）和more than one（不止一个）等作定语修饰作主语的单数可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。 Many a way has been tried. 已经试过许多办法了。 4. 由lots of, a lot of, a number of, plenty of等修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词与所修饰的名词形式保持一致。 A great number of students who were invited to the party were from my school. 很多被邀来参加晚会的学生来自于我校。 A great deal of water is polluted every year. 每年大量的水被污染。 5. trousers等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；换成代词时，也要用复数形式，常见的有：glasses, scissors, shorts等。 These trousers are a bit tight. 这条裤子有点紧。 6.“a kind of/a piece of/a pair of等+名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词与表示计量单位的名词形式保持一致。 Three pairs glasses are on the desk. 课桌上有3副眼镜。 1.In China, a number of birthday persons ________ cakes with candles. The number of candles ________ the person’s age. A. has; is B. eats; are C. eat; is 2.— What’s your plan for the coming Dragon Boat Festival? — Most of us ______ ready to make zongzi. A. is B. are C. have 3.The students ________ how to do eye exercises just now. A. was taught B. were taught C. taught 4.Everyone ________ here. Let’s go. A. am B. are C. is 5.—This pair of shoes ________ really small for me. —Why not try another pair? A. be B. is C. are 6.—Lucy, the Dragon Boat Festival is coming. I want to learn how to make zongzi. —OK. If my grandma ________ free tomorrow, she will teach us. A. is B. are C. am D. will be 二、意义一致（看含义） 意义一致原则是指从意义上来解决主谓一致问题。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语动词用复数形式；而有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语动词用单数形式。 1.动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，往往表达一种抽象概念，谓语动词用单数： To learn a foreign language is not so difficult as you think. 学会一门外语并不像你想象的那么难。 What they need is money while what we need most are textbooks. 他们需要的是钱，而我们最需要的是教科书。 注意 what引导的主语从句作主语，有时谓语动词用复数形式，这时其涵义可以从表语中看出。 2.maths等单数概念、复数形式的名词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数。常见的有：抽象名词如news，学科名词如physics，专有名词如the United States等。 The United States was founded in 1776. 美国成立于1776年。 3.表示“总量”或“总和”的时间、距离、金钱、重量、容量等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Twenty years is a long time. 20年是段很长的时间。 4.and, both ... and ... 连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词须用单数形式。 The poet and writer has produced many works. 这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。 5.定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数由其修饰的名词的单复数形式来确定；如果定语从句修饰前面的整个句子，从句中的谓语动词用单数。 Those who were praised at the meeting would be sent to America for further study. 在这次会议上被表扬的人将被派到美国深造。 6.分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词的数保持一致。 About one third of the books are worth reading. 这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。 Only 60 percent of the work was finished yesterday. 昨天只干了60%的活。 7.family等集体名词作主语时，强调整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；强调成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：class, team, group, public, government, audience等。 The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls. 这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。 The class are doing experiments. 全班学生都在做实验。 8.“the+形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The beautiful gives pleasure to all. 美好的事物给人带来快乐。 1.Having good manners ________ necessary when you visit a foreign country. A. are B. is C. was 2.Xu Mengtao won the 2022 Touching China award. Never giving up ________ the key to her success. A. is B. are C. were 3. I plan to travel to Shanghai next month, and I think 3, 000 yuan ________ enough. A. was B. are C. is D. were 4. The poor ________ getting fewer and fewer in our country these years under the leadership of President Xi. A. is B. are C. was D. were 5. Ten months __________ a long time, but it’s enough for us to build the bridge. A. is B. isn’t C. are D. aren’t 三、就近原则（看连接词） 就近原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式与邻近的主语保持一致。 1. 由or, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ... , not ... but ... 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 Neither Jim nor his parents know anything about it. 吉姆和他母亲都不知道这件事。 2. 在There be句型及Here开头的句子中，有两个或几个并列主语时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pen, two knives and several books on the table. 桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。 →There are two knives, a pen and several books on the table. 桌子上有两把小刀、一支钢笔和几本书。 1.There ________ many modern high-speed railways in Jiangsu and they help people travel easily. A. is B. are C. was D. were 2.（2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题）— There ________ a lot of new magazines in our school reading room. — Oh, really? Shall we go there this afternoon? A. is B. was C. are D. were 3.Not only Jim but also his sister ________ a few cities since they came to China. A. have visited B. has visited C. visited D. visits 4.Look! There ________ some information about traffic safety in this book. A. is B. are C. was D. were 5.There _______ some beautiful flowers on the teacher’s desk now. A. is B. was C. are D. were 四、就远原则（看连接词） 当主语后跟介词with, along with, together with, apart from, besides, except等引导的短语，或者跟连接词but, as well as, other than, rather than等连接的短语时，谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致。 My mother together with my brothers has seen the film. 我妈妈和我哥哥们一起看了这部电影。 I as well as my sister am good at English. 我和我妹妹都擅长英语。 His brother, rather than his parents is fond of the country music.他哥哥，而不是他父母，喜欢乡村音乐。 1. Everyone except Tom and John ________ seen the film. A. has B. have C. haven’t 2. Tom with his friends often ________ to the old people’s home to cheer the old up. A. go B. going C. goes 3. —History as well as politics _______ more and more important in middle school. —We should pay more attention to them. A. are becoming B. are getting C. is becoming 4. —John, as well as his parents, ________ fishing every Saturday. —With “Double Reduction” policy (“双减”政策) carried out, students have more time to take part in after-school activities. A. is going B. go C. goes 5. The president, together with the other teachers ________ going to attend a meeting about the environment. A. is B. are C. were 6. Linda with her parents ________ to Jingyue Park every week, and all of them feel very happy. A. go B. goes C. went D. going 答案 1、 语法一致原则（看形式） 1.C2.B3.B4.C5.B6.A 二、意义一致（看含义） 1.B2.A3.C4.B5.B 三、就近原则（看连接词） 1.B2.C3.B4.A5.C 四、就远原则（看连接词） 1.A2.C3.C4.C5.A6.B 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $