专题03 词汇填空（复习讲义）（上海专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦词汇填空核心考点，涵盖实词辨析、语境匹配、一词多性、熟词僻义、构词法及固定搭配，按句子成分分析法与语境逻辑判定两大模块系统架构知识，通过考情精解、考点攻坚（如名词抽象义辨析）、真题演练（26年各区一模题）等环节，帮助学生建立“语法+语义”双重解题框架。 资料突出“语境优先、逻辑为王”特色，结合社会热点题材（如AI、健康生活）设计教学，通过“熟词僻义（如‘row’表‘连续’）”“构词法（如‘misperception’）”等实例训练思维品质，采用“考点梳理-方法指导-分层训练”模式提升语言能力，为教师提供精准复习节奏把控工具，助力学生高效突破词汇深度运用难点。

专题03 词汇填空 目录 01 析·考情精解 2 02 构·知能架构 3 03 破·考点攻坚 4 考点一 考查句子成分分析法判断词性 4 知识点1 名词的判定 5 知识点2 动词的判定 6 知识点3 形容词的判定 6 知识点4 副词的判定 6 知识点5 非谓语动词的判定 6 考点二 考查根据上下文语境及构词法知识判定词义 8 知识点1 熟词僻义 12 知识点2 一词多义一词多性 12 知识点3 构词法知识 13 知识点4 词汇固定搭配 13 26年各区一模命题透视 题材聚焦社会热点（AI、宠物经济）、科技发展（ChatGPT、艺术 APP）、健康生活（运动、饮食、时差）、文化传承（古镇、童话）、自然现象（超级月亮、病毒），贴近现实且兼具知识性；考查核心为实词辨析与语境逻辑匹配，侧重词汇深度运用（一词多性、熟词僻义）和固定搭配，重复率高，不考查生僻难词。 26年各区一模考点总结 1. 核心考查：实词辨析与语境匹配（占比超 90%） · 名词：侧重抽象名词（如 “interplay” 相互作用、“projections” 投射、“clarity” 明确），需结合上下文语义选择（如静安区一模用 “fixes” 表 “解决办法”，而非字面 “修理”）。 · 动词：涵盖动作类（“orbits” 绕轨运行、“outshines” 比…… 耀眼）、状态类（“disrupted” 被打乱、“sustained” 遭受），需判断主谓关系和语义逻辑。 · 形容词 / 副词：侧重情感、特征类（“delicate” 细微的、“consistently” 持续地、“unseasonably” 反常地），常与名词 / 动词形成固定搭配。 2. 词汇深度运用 · 一词多性： 名词转动词：“ground”（地面→奠定基础，宝山区一模）、“fuel”（燃料→加剧，松江区一模）。 动词转名词：“fixes”（修理→解决办法，静安区一模）、“shifts”（改变→变化，嘉定区一模）。 形容词转副词：“consistently”（持续的→持续地，嘉定区一模）、“apparent”（明显的→显然地，崇明区一模）。 · 熟词僻义： “row”（排、行→连续，in a row，虹口区一模）。 “mean”（意思是→方式、手段，松江区一模 “a new means for connection”）。 “stretch”（伸展→（路程的）一段，奉贤区一模 “the final stretch of the voyage”）。 · 构词法： 派生：“defenseless”（defense+less，无防御能力的，黄浦区一模）、“sensitivity”（sensitive+ity，敏感度，静安区一模）、“misperception”（mis+perception，误解，崇明区一模）。 转化：“blame”（动词 “责备”→名词 “责备”，宝山区一模 “end up being blamed”）、“shape”（名词 “形状”→动词 “塑造”，杨浦区一模 “shapes them into adults”）。 3. 固定搭配（高频重复） · 动词短语：“apply to”（适用于）、“draw inspiration from”（从…… 汲取灵感）、“in a row”（连续）、“fuel pressure”（加剧压力）。 · 介词短语：“with clarity”（明确地）、“in spite of”（尽管）、“be concentrated in”（集中在）。 · 名词短语：“manual labor”（体力劳动）、“survival instinct”（生存本能）。 2026高考 命题预测 考点：延续实词辨析、语境逻辑核心，一词多性、熟词僻义、构词法仍是词汇深度考查的重点，固定搭配侧重语境化运用，不新增偏难怪词。 题材：继续围绕科技革新、社会热点、健康生活、文化传承等贴近现实的方向，语篇逻辑性更强。 趋势：更强调 “词汇在语篇中的灵活运用”，避免机械记忆，实词辨析需结合语义、搭配、语法功能综合判断。 考点一 句子成分分析法判断词性 （2026年青浦区一模） A. architectural B. tiredness C. concentrated D. raised E. appetite F. reportedly G. resulted H. Blessed I. precisely J. engagement K. diverse Today, travelers have shifted from mere “check-ins” to an “experience-first” mindset, valuing absorbing____20____ over photos. They no longer visit just to “take memories home” but to “create stories worth telling.” This change in demand signals a crucial lesson for ancient towns’ future development: Finding more creative ways to tell the story of local narratives. 命题解读 新考法：从 “单一词性匹配” 升级为 “‘词性 + 语义逻辑 + 语境深度’三重联动” 传统选词填空对名词的考查多停留在 “空格作宾语，锁定名词词性” 的基础层面，只需排除非名词选项即可。本题则需突破单一维度。 新角度：紧扣 “现实旅游趋势”，实现 “语言考查与社会场景深度绑定” 该空的命题角度跳出了抽象词汇的孤立考查，聚焦当下真实社会现象 —— 近年来游客从 “表面打卡” 到 “深度体验” 的心态转变（如年轻人热衷 “citywalk”“文化沉浸游”）。 知识点1 名词词性判断规律 1.语法功能定位 名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语或定语，需通过句子成分分析锁定词性。 主语：位于句首，前有冠词 / 物主代词（如 the、his）或形容词修饰。 宾语：位于及物动词或介词后（如动词后接 “a problem”，介词后接 “in the city”）。 表语：位于系动词（如 be、become）后，描述主语属性（如 “The issue is a challenge”）。 定语：名词作定语时通常用单数形式（如 “traffic rules”“health issues”）。 2.信号词识别 冠词：a/an/the 后接名词（如 “the impact of technology”）。 形容词：形容词修饰名词（如 “significant changes”）。 物主代词：my/your/their 后接名词（如 “their decision”）。 介词：介词后接名词构成短语（如 “in crisis”“with success”）。 3.命题趋势： 名词考查常涉及抽象概念（如 “impact”“balance”）和学科术语（如 “ecosystems”“algorithms”），需结合主题背景判断。 名词作定语现象增多（如 “carbon footprint”“climate policy”），需注意单复数形式。 4.示例剖析 The research team identified key ______ in the data that explained the phenomenon. A. patterns B. analyzed C. accurately D. complex 解题步骤： 成分分析：空格作动词 “identified” 的宾语，需填名词。 信号词定位：空格前无冠词，但 “key” 为形容词修饰名词，锁定名词选项。 语义匹配：“patterns”（模式）符合 “数据中的关键模式” 语境。排除动词 “analyzed”、副词 “accurately”、形容词 “complex”。 答案：A. patterns 知识点2 动词词性判断规律 1.语法功能定位 谓语动词：需考虑时态、语态、主谓一致。 时态：根据时间状语（如 “recently” 用现在完成时）或上下文逻辑判断。 语态：主语与动词的主动 / 被动关系（如 “problem solved” 表被动）。 主谓一致：主语单复数决定动词形式（如 “The team has made progress”）。 非谓语动词：不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、分词（done/doing），需根据逻辑主语和动作时间判断。 2.信号词识别 情态动词：can/may/must 后接动词原形（如 “can predict”）。 助动词：have/has/had 后接过去分词（如 “has conducted”）。 副词：副词修饰动词（如 “carefully designed”）。 固定搭配：如 “aim to do”“result in doing”。 3.命题趋势： 动词考查重点转向非谓语动词（如分词作状语、动名词作主语），需注意逻辑主语一致性。 动词短语（如 “address the problem”“bridge the gap”）高频复现，需强化固定搭配积累。 4.示例剖析 The new policy ______ to reduce plastic waste in coastal areas. A. aims B. reduction C. effectively D. implemented 解题步骤： 成分分析：空格作谓语动词，主语 “policy” 为单数，需填第三人称单数动词。 信号词定位：空格后 “to reduce” 为不定式表目的，符合 “aim to do” 结构。 语义匹配：“aims”（旨在）符合政策目标语境。排除名词 “reduction”、副词 “effectively”、过去分词 “implemented”。 答案：A. aims 知识点3 形容词词性判断规律 1.语法功能定位 定语：修饰名词，位于名词前（如 “strict regulations”）。 表语：位于系动词后，描述主语性质（如 “The project is challenging”）。 宾补：补充说明宾语状态（如 “keep the environment clean”）。 2.信号词识别 名词前：直接修饰名词（如 “profound impact”）。 系动词后：如 “be/become/seem + adj.”（如 “remains effective”）。 副词修饰：副词修饰形容词（如 “highly efficient”）。 3.命题趋势： 形容词考查常涉及科技环保类术语（如 “sustainable”“renewable”）和情感态度词（如 “positive”“negative”）。 形容词比较级 / 最高级（如 “more efficient”“the most significant”）需结合语境逻辑判断。 4.示例剖析 The ______ design of the AI system allows for real-time adjustments. A. flexible B．cost    C． deadliest    D．flooding  解题步骤： 成分分析：空格作定语修饰 “design”，需填形容词。 信号词定位：空格位于名词前，直接修饰名词。 语义匹配：“flexible”（灵活的）符合 “灵活的设计” 语境。 答案：A. flexible 知识点4 副词词性判断规律 1.语法功能定位 修饰动词：说明动作方式或程度（如 “accurately predict”）。 修饰形容词：增强或减弱形容词程度（如 “highly effective”）。 修饰句子：表明说话者态度或逻辑关系（如 “However, the results were unexpected”）。 2.信号词识别 动词后：直接修饰动词（如 “perform well”）。 形容词前：修饰形容词（如 “extremely complex”）。 句首 / 句尾：修饰整个句子（如 “Eventually, the team succeeded”）。 3.命题趋势： 副词考查常涉及科技实验类场景（如 “precisely”“effectively”）和逻辑衔接词（如 “however”“therefore”）。 副词位置灵活（句首、句中、句尾），需结合上下文判断修饰对象。 4.示例剖析 The experiment was ______ conducted to ensure reliable results. A．switch B. carefully C. generating D. insufficient 解题步骤： 成分分析：空格修饰动词 “conducted”，需填副词。 信号词定位：空格位于动词后，直接修饰动作。 语义匹配：“carefully”（仔细地）符合 “实验被仔细进行” 语境。排除形容词 “insufficient”、动词 “switch ”、分词 “generating ”。 答案：B. carefully 知识点5 非谓语动词判断规律 1.语法功能定位 不定式（to do） 作主语：表目的或具体动作（如 “To reduce waste is our goal”）。 作宾语：接在动词后（如 “hope to achieve”）。 作定语：修饰名词（如 “the ability to adapt”）。 动名词（doing） 作主语：表抽象概念或习惯性动作（如 “Reading improves vocabulary”）。 作宾语：接在介词或特定动词后（如 “succeed in doing”“enjoy doing”）。 分词（done/doing） 现在分词（doing）：表主动或进行（如 “the rising trend”）。 过去分词（done）：表被动或完成（如 “the proposed plan”）。 2.命题趋势： 非谓语动词考查重点为分词作状语和动名词作定语，需注意逻辑主语一致性。 独立主格结构（如 “weather permitting”）和复合结构（如 “with the problem solved”）偶有出现。 3.示例剖析 ______ by the lack of funding, the project was postponed. A. relieving B. capabilities C. match D. affected 解题步骤： 成分分析：空格作状语，逻辑主语为 “project”，与动词 “affect” 为被动关系。 信号词定位：“by” 提示被动语态，需填过去分词。 语义匹配：“affected”（受影响）符合 “项目受资金短缺影响” 语境。 答案：D. affected 考向1 名词的确定 名词的确定：名词在句子中做主语；名词做动词宾语或介词宾语；注意名词也可作定语。例： （2026年静安区一模） A.shifting B.set C.slide D.apply E.fixes F.interplay G.sensitivity H.disrupted I.signals J.decline K.modeled Frequent flyers have a bag of tricks to get over jet lag.Scientists have plenty of suggestions too:from getting a dose of sunlight,melatonin(褪黑素)or a hit of exercise, to staying hydrated, skipping caffeine,and eating at local meal times.While none are guaranteed quick 11 , these tips help our bodies 12 back into their usual internal clocks which course through every organ of the body,controlled by a ‘master clock' in the brain. （2026年虹口区一模） A.delicate B.notable C.orbits D.outshines E.phase F.row G.seasonal H.shifts I.sight J.successively K.sustainably A Rare Season of Supermoons This fall,something special will appear in the night sky:every full moon will look slightly bigger and brighter than usual.This is because the last three months of 2025 will bring a rare series of supermoons in a 11 . A supermoon happens when the moon's full 12 occurs at the point in its path closest to Earth. （2026年嘉定区一模） A.analysing B. broader C.consistently D.extends E. launch F.mature G.narrowing H. powered l.shifts J. simply k.warned Hiromu Yakura, professor at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin, first noticed personal vocabulary    12   , like increased use of “delve” instead of “look for” and “meticulous” rather than “careful”. In his recent study, he pushed investigation into    13    spoken communication. 考向2 动词的确定 动词的确定：动词最容易确定，因为一个句子没有动词就等于没有谓语，是很明显的缺陷。而且动词的关联性、可比性最差，选这个和选那个有天壤之别。例： （2025年黄浦区一模） A. combining B. defenseless C. diversified D. efficiency E. mixed F. origins G. possibilities H. previously I. promising J. reasonably K. transformed In the last few years, researchers have been able to analyze genomes at a much larger scale than before and infer ____19____ mysterious evolutionary connections. These studies have_____20_____ our understanding of what might have occurred in the past. （2026年宝山区一模） A.supportive B. blamed C. ground D. economically E. continuing F. influenced G. positively H. rights I. roles J. shape K. sensed In October 1989, Alaa Murabit, the middle child of 11, was born in a Canadian home to an immigrant family from Libya in Africa. Her younger years were filled with fun and kindness. Her ____11____ parents treated her and her siblings with equality and fairness. Her father emphasized the importance of education and gender equality, which greatly ____12____ her views on social justice. 考向3 形容词的确定 形容词的确定：形容词作定语修饰名词。单个形容词作前置定语；形容词短语作后置定语。例： （2025年徐汇区一模） A. typically B. inevitable C. transmission D. circulating E. identified F. symptoms G. hospitable H. landscape I. unusually J. emerged K. signals UK officials fear a similar pattern, as studies confirm the nation’s climate is becoming increasingly ____17____ to these viruses. （2026年崇明区一模） A. aim B. apparent C. boosting D. campaign E. controversial F. misperception G. discourage H. manual I. decrease J. moving K. urging As cars multiplied and electric appliances reduced the amount of ____13____ labor people had to do, “we got to a point where we weren’t so physically active,” said Dr. Bethany Barone Gibbs, a professor at West Virginia University in Morgantown. “It then became ____14____that maybe people who were more active were healthier.” 考向4 考查副词的确定 副词的确定：句子完整，副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词、整个句子、介词短语、不定式、过去分词等； （2025年松江区一模） A. fuel B. included C. intensified D. invisibility E. isolated F. means G. practically H. risk I. seemingly J. striking K. updates However, the darker side of a group chat occurs when things go from lighthearted jokes to ____17____ harmless comments causing the wildfire of negativity. “FOMO [fear of missing out] in group chats is real,” says another interviewee, （2026年浦东新区一模） A. activated B. combined C. drives D. informed E. overrides F. previously G. readily H. stimulating I. survival J. underlying K. unfamiliar This instinct to eat what was available may have saved lives in times of food shortage, but in today’s world of sufficient, ____17____ accessible food, it often works against us. 考向5 考查非谓语动词的确定 非谓语动词的确定：动名词作主语、动词宾语和介词宾语、表语、定语。分词作表语、宾补、定语、状语。 有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。例： （2026年杨浦区一模） A. challenged B. shapes C. raising D. projections E. separated F. core G. autonomous H. building I. imperfect J. perceived K. clarity Learn to accept your mistakes as a parent and offer your child repair when you get things wrong. Parenting is messy, and ____18____ your child right is going to look different for everyone, but at the____19____ of everything you do is love for your child. Love, however, is ____20____ , so let go of the pressure to get it “right” or to parent your child differently because they don’t have siblings and, instead, enjoy the parenting journey with them. （2026年金山区一模） A. abstract B. bonding C. conflict D. constructively E. deepen F. massively G. mean H. pretending I. redefine J. shame K. tempting On another level, we are ____16____ with people we gossip with. Sharing worries or frustrations with trusted friends builds closeness. It lets us be honest instead of ____17____ to always be patient. It shows we trust our friends not to use our words against others. 考点二 根据上下文语境及构词法知识判定词义 （2026年崇明区一模） A. aim B. apparent C. boosting D. campaign E. controversial F. misperception G. discourage H. manual I. decrease J. moving K. urging “There is a(n) ____19____ that you need to be a sportsperson to get health benefits from exercise,” said Dr.Damon Swift, an exercise physiologist (生理学家) at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. “But really the benefits increase much earlier than that. Once you start getting off the couch, there is a large ____20____ in risk as you go from being inactive to somewhat active.” 命题解读 新考法：从 “单一词性判定” 升级为 “语法 + 逻辑双重匹配”传统选词填空对名词的考查多聚焦 “名词作主语 / 宾语” 的语法功能，只需根据句子成分锁定词性即可。本题则需先通过后句 “But really...” 的转折逻辑（否定 “必须是专业运动员才能从运动中获益” 的观点），明确空格需表达 “与事实不符的认知”；再结合 “名词作主语” 的语法要求，最终匹配 “misperception（误解、错误想法）”。考法上强调 “先抓语境逻辑，再定词性词义”，而非单纯依赖语法规则，更贴近真实语言运用中 “语义优先” 的原则。 新角度：要求考生结合自身对运动健康的认知，理解 “misperception” 所指代的 “错误观念” 具体内涵。这种角度让词汇考查不再孤立，而是与 “健康生活” 的现实语境深度绑定，既考查单词含义，也隐含对生活常识的理解，体现 “语言服务于现实交流” 的命题导向。 知识点1熟词僻义 许多常见的单词有着我们平时熟知的基本意思，但在高考 “小猫钓鱼” 题型中，会考查这些单词比较生僻、不常用的释义。例如 “address” 一词，常见意思是 “地址”，但它还有 “演讲；称呼” 等僻义，很可能在题目中就考查这些相对冷门的意思。 难点：考生往往容易受限于对单词常规意思的记忆，在看到熟悉单词时，习惯性地按照常用义去理解，从而难以准确判断其在具体语境中的正确用法，导致选错答案。 考查目的：旨在考查学生对词汇掌握的深度，看是否真正全面了解单词的不同含义，能够灵活运用词汇知识，根据语境准确辨析单词的恰当意思。 知识点2 一词多性 不少英语单词具备多种词性以及不同的词义，比如 “record”，既可以作名词表示 “记录；唱片”，又能作动词表示 “记录；录制”。在题目语境中，需要依据句子结构、语法规则以及上下文语义等来判断该单词应取哪种词性和相应的词义。 难点：要准确判断单词的词性和对应的词义，需要综合考虑多方面因素，对学生的语法功底以及语义理解能力要求较高。学生容易混淆单词不同词性下的用法，出现张冠李戴的情况。 考查目的：检验学生对词汇的灵活运用能力，能否准确分析句子结构，结合语境准确把握单词的词性和合适的词义，从而使句子语法正确、语义通顺。高考英语多义词的深度辨析，涵盖科技、环保、教育等核心主题，呈现词性变化与语境逻辑的深度关联： 常用构词法知识： （1）、名词后缀 1）-ster，-eer，-er（or）意为：从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人。 例词：gamester，gangster，engineer，profiteer，mountaineer，driver，teacher，director，actor，professor 2）-let意为：小或者不重要的东西。例词：booklet，leaflet，starlet 3）-ism意为：道义，主义，学说等。例词：idealism， impressionism，racism 4）-ess意为：女性。例词：actress，poetess，hostess 5）-hood意为：时期。例词：boyhood，childhood，manhood 6）-ship意为：才能，状态，资格，品质等。例词：leadership，friendship，membership，sportsmanship 7）-ful意为：量。例词：cupful，handful， mouthful，spoonful 8）-tion，-ion意为：①状态，行动等。例词：action，oppression，possession，education，starvation ②机构等。例词： organization，foundation 9）-ment意为：状态，行动等。例词：movement，enslavement，pavement 10）-al意为：动作。例词：arrival，refusal，revival，recital，removal 11）-age意为：程度，数量等。例词：coverage，shrinkage，breakage，hostage 12）-ness；-ity（ty）意为：状态，品质。例词：happiness，usefulness，selfishness，activity，sanity，changeability （2）、动词后缀 1）-ify意为：转为，变为。例词：beautify, simplify, classify 2）-ize；-en意为：使……，变得……。例词：modernize，popularize，symbolize，ripen，widen，threaten 3）-ate意为：增加，使……。例词：originate，initiate （3）、形容词后缀 1）-ful意为：充满，有。例词：useful，pitiful， hopeful，helpful，forgetful，thankful， fearful 2）-less意为：没有，无。例词：speechless，childless，harmless，hopeless，meaningless 3）-ly意为：有……品质的。例词：beastly，manly， brotherly，friendly 4）-like意为：像……的。例词： childlike，tigerlike 5）-y；-ish意为：像……一般的。例词：sandy， silky，hairy，leafy，watery，foolish，girlish，blackish 6）-some意为：像……一样的；引起……的；有……品质的。例词：troublesome，tiresome，bothersome 7）-able（ible）意为：能……的；可以……的。例词： changeable，readable，drinkable，comfortable，expansible 8）-ed意为：有……的。例词：wooded，pointed，odd-shaped 9）-al意为：有……属性的，……类型的。例词：cultural，personal，regional，musical 10）-ary（ory）意为：属于……的，与……相连的。例词：revolutionary，imaginary 11）-ous意为：富含……的；有……品质的；像……的。例词：glorious，gracious 12）-ic（ical）意为：……类的；属于……的。例词： historic，historical，dramatic，heroic 13）-ive意为：有……属性的；有某种倾向的。例词： talkative，restrictive，defensive，constructive，sensitive （4）、副词后缀 1）-ly意为：以……方式。例词：happily，attentively，strangely 2）-ward（s）意为：表示方式或动作的方向。例词：backward（s），homeward（s），eastward（s） 3）-wise意为：①按照……方式。例词：crabwise，clockwise ②就……而言。例词：weatherwise ，educationwise 知识点4 固定搭配 英语中有大量的固定搭配，如：classify...as; take into accout; commit onself to等。在选词填空中，会考查学生对这些固定搭配的熟悉程度，需要根据句子中已有的部分去匹配相应的固定搭配单词。 难点：固定搭配数量繁多，记忆起来有一定难度，而且容易出现混淆。同时在题目中，可能搭配的部分被拆分在不同位置，需要仔细梳理句子结构和语义才能准确识别。 考查目的：检测学生对英语中常用固定搭配的记忆和运用能力，看能否敏锐捕捉到句子中涉及固定搭配的线索，以此选择正确的单词，使句子表达符合英语的语言习惯。 考向1 考查熟词僻义 （核心：常见单词在特定语境中呈现不常用含义，需结合上下文判定） （2026年静安区一模） A.shifting B.set C.slide D.apply E.fixes F.interplay G.sensitivity H.disrupted I.signals J.decline K.modeled Frequent flyers have a bag of tricks to get over jet lag.Scientists have plenty of suggestions too:from getting a dose of sunlight,melatonin(褪黑素)or a hit of exercise, to staying hydrated, skipping caffeine,and eating at local meal times.While none are guaranteed quick 11 , these tips help our bodies 12 back into their usual internal clocks which course through every organ of the body,controlled by a ‘master clock' in the brain. 考向2 考查一词多性/多义 （核心：同一单词具备多种词性或多个核心含义，需根据句子成分和语境确定具体词性与词义） （2026年宝山区一模） A.supportive B. blamed C. ground D. economically E. continuing F. influenced G. positively H. rights I. roles J. shape K. sensed She fights not only for women but also for the health of the world. Dr. Murabit’s leadership helped to ____20____the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, impacting billions of people for the better. 考向3 考查构词法（派生/转化/合成/缀合） （核心：通过词根、词缀（前缀 / 后缀）、词性转化等构词规则判定生词含义） （2026年金山区一模） A. abstract B. bonding C. conflict D. constructively E. deepen F. massively G. mean H. pretending I. redefine J. shame K. tempting What matters is whether it is used to understand and help, not to harm. When there are an intention and an effort to gossip ____20____ rather than destructively, we use gossip as a social and emotional tool that gives us a space to process, empathize, connect, and relax. 考向4 考查固定搭配 （核心：单词通过固定组合形成特定含义，需结合搭配规则和语境判定整体意思） （2026年虹口区一模） A.delicate B.notable C.orbits D.outshines E.phase F.row G.seasonal H.shifts I.sight J.successively K.sustainably This fall,something special will appear in the night sky:every full moon will look slightly bigger and brighter than usual.This is because the last three months of 2025 will bring a rare series of supermoons in a 11 . A supermoon happens when the moon's full 12 occurs at the point in its path closest to Earth. 【语篇填空】 Passage 1【来源】上海市徐汇区上海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．representation  B．intellectual  C． distinct  D．superficial   E. appreciated  AB．lack  AC． endangered  AD．extinguished   AE. stuff  BC． conventional  BD．natives Deep Reading It is obvious that our lives are being increasingly dominated by digital devices and instant gratification. As a result, “deep reading”, as opposed to the often superficial reading we do on the Web, has become a (n) 1 practice, one we ought to take steps to preserve as we would a historic building or a significant work of art. Its disappearance would threaten the 2 and emotional development of generations growing up online. Worse still, it would affect the protection of a critical part of our culture: the novels, poems and other kinds of literature that can be 3 only by readers whose brains, quite literally, have been trained to comprehend them. Recent research has demonstrated that deep reading is an experience, different in kind from the mere decoding of words. Although deep reading does not, strictly speaking, require a (n) 4 book, the built-in limits of the printed page are uniquely helpful to the deep reading experience. A book’s 5 of hyperlinks, for example, frees the reader from making decisions — Should I click on this link or not? — allowing her to remain fully focused on the narrative. That focus is supported by the way the brain handles language rich in detail, allusion (暗示) and metaphor: by creating a mental 6 that draws on the same brain regions that would be active if the scene were unfolding in real life. The emotional situations and moral dilemmas that are the 7 of literature are also vigorous exercise for the brain, pushing us inside the heads of fictional characters and even, studies suggest, increasing our real-life capacity for sympathy. None of this is likely to happen when we’re browsing through website. Although we call the activity by the same name, the deep reading of books and the information-driven reading we do on the Web are very 8 both in the experience they produce and in the capacity they develop. A growing body of evidence suggests that online reading may be less productive, even for the “digital 9 ” to whom it is so familiar. Researchers reported that 39% of children and teens read daily using electronic devices, but only 28% read printed materials every day. Those who read only on screen were three times less likely to say they find reading satisfying. Even one tenth fear that their desire to engage in deep reading has already been 10 by the fast pace of modern life. Passage2【来源】上海市闵行区七宝中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷 A．incredible        B．interruption    C． mapped    D．optimistic        E. presented         F. process G. recreated        H. seeking        I. slicing        J. systematically    K. theoretically Would you upload your mind into a computer? As far as science can tell, the brain creates your sense of self. Cells called neurons (神经元) fire in patterns that form your memories, likes, dislikes, and more. If, 11 , some instrument could gather enough information about the neurons in your brain, then that information could be saved in a data file. Then, perhaps, your unique network of neurons could be 12 , either in a computer virtual model or in some sort of artificial body. That sounds 13 — and it is. No technology can copy a whole brain. In 2019, researchers in Seattle 14 all the neurons in a tiny piece of mouse brain, only the size of a grain of sand. They cut it into 25,000 slices, took over 100 million pictures, and found more than 100,000 neurons with about a billion connections. This 15 took five months and ate up two million gigabytes (GB) of computer storage space. That's enough to store 40,000 high-quality movies! And that's all for one tiny mouse brain piece. Imaging an entire human brain with this technology today would require dozens of microscopes operating continuously, without 16 , for thousands of years. Another significant challenge has 17 itself. Current brain-scanning methods work by 18 up a brain, which only works with a dead subject. Michael S. A．Graziano is a neuroscientist at Princeton University in New Jersey. He recently wrote in The Wall Street Journal, “To upload a human brain, we probably want a scanner that doesn't kill the subject...The most wildly 19 predictions place mind uploading within a few decades, but I would not be surprised if it took centuries.” Some people are willing to wait. The memory research company Nectome is based in San Francisco, California. In 2018, the group announced it was 20 to preserve brains just as a person dies. The idea is that in the future, if the technology is ever ready, scientists could bring that mind back to life. Passage 3 【来源】上海市2025-2026学年高三上学期12月春考适应性调研卷英语试题 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．barely  B．charge  C． episodes  D．foreign  E. littering  F. natures G. occasionally  H. participating  I. spring  J. striking  K. weighing The Penguins Adapting to a Plastic World Along the windswept coast of Argentina, thousands of Magellanic penguins arrive each year to breed. Their colonies, once surrounded only by stones and twigs, now share the area with human trash. Plastic bottles, ropes, and old containers 21 the pebbles (鹅卵石) , have quietly become part of the penguins’ daily life and subtly affecting how they hunt for fish, care for their chicks, and 22 at threats whenever danger arises. In recent years, scientists have observed that penguins 23 use bits of plastic, rope, or wire to build their nests. Some even seem to prefer these bright artificial materials to natural ones. Although this behavior might appear 24 at first glance, it demonstrates the birds’ ability to adjust. They are 25 just victims of pollution. In fact, they are actively 26 in a rapidly changing environment. Human-made objects can also be dangerous, as penguins may get trapped in nets or swallow small pieces, which can injure them or block their stomachs. For decades, human actions have been 27 heavily on the Magellanic penguins’ populations and fragile habitats. Even small amounts of trash, gradually accumulating (累积) , threaten their survival prospects and daily routines. Scientists warn that if pollution persists, penguins may slowly adapt to these 28 elements as part of their world. They then may, when necessary, 29 sensibly from one area to another in search of food, displaying both skill and instinct. This story is not only about penguins. Human waste now reaches even remote habitats. Observing penguins can uncover surprising 30 , from predator attacks to sudden storms, offering brief but powerful lessons on survival and adaptation. Passage 4 【来源】2025 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．banning B．contact C． equivalent D．expanding E. extra F. floating G. host H. installations I. multiple J. proportions K. vary Solar panels won’t go beyond golf courses One of the UK’s green targets is to cover 0.4% of its land in solar panels by the end of the decade — less than the area covered by golf courses, known for their high water usage and chemical-intensive maintenance practices. An analysis by researchers at the University of Lancaster showed solar farms occupy about 0.06% of land today. The vast majority have been built on former farmland. The previous government considered 31 solar power on the richest agricultural land. It proposed land use guidelines that would discourage solar panel 32 on the best soils. A study of satellite images revealed that 65% of solar farms were built on former arable (可耕种的) land and 30% on grassland. The rest was former landfill, mines and other uses. However, Hollie Blay, a senior research associate at Lancaster, said that in absolute terms the area occupied by solar farms was very small. “We’ve worked out that 0.06%, or 15,580 hectares (公顷), is roughly 33 to a tenth of the area of Greater London,” she said. There are about a thousand solar farms in the UK, with the current target of 34 capacity three times by 2030. If all the panels to meet this goal are mounted on the ground, the researchers found solar farms would require a(n) 35 80,920 hectares. That would take solar’s share of UK land to 0.4%, or 0.83% of farmland. Estimates 36 but golf courses are believed to cover about 0.5% of land. In reality, some of the panels are likely to be installed on the rooftops of large industrial facilities, and some could even be 37 on vast waters. This means the true share of land is likely to be even lower. Based on current 38 of where panels are installed, solar would occupy 0.22% of land. “Solar farms are likely to occupy a small land area compared to primary land uses, such as agriculture, and could combine 39 land uses,” the researchers wrote. Sheep can be raised between rows of panels and solar farms can help with nature recovery; they can, according to a recent study by a University of Cambridge team, 40 more birds than nearby arable fields. Passage 5 （2026年闵行区一模） A. distress B. pin C. scare D. coexisting E. unfold F. channelling G. single H. familiarity I. barely J. restorative K. unlikely The Healing Power of Caring for a Pigeon (鸽子) Like many people, I have always considered pigeons to be annoying and dirty virus-carriers. These birds, often said to ____11____ off smaller, prettier species, had never interested me until Brian Buckbee’s memoir We Should All Be Birds changed my perception. One evening in 2020, Buckbee spotted a pigeon on a walk near his home in Missoula, MT. It was standing on one leg and staring right at him. “He had the funniest look in his eye, one of ____12____, as if we had known each other for a long, long time.” This description showcases one of Buckbee’s remarkable skills: ____13____ a sense of personality into birds. As it turned out, the pigeon’s bent leg was injured, leaving it ____14____ able to fly and near starvation, so Buckbee brought it home, where he was no longer alone for the first time since the health crisis began, and he named the bird Two-Step. Like the bird, Buckbee was in ____15____. He was once an ocean-swimming world traveller, but for the past few years, he had struggled with a disease that has no known cause, no clear cure. His memoir is about his ____16____ friendship with Two-Step, and with a dozen or so other sick pigeons that he later takes in. It is about more than ____17____ with wild creatures. It’s also about sorrow, loss, pain, loneliness, and the ____18____ power of love. It’s a striking illustration of how caring for another living creature — even a wild bird — can give life meaning. We Should All Be Birds takes place between May 2020 and January 2023, but Buckbee moves around in time to ____19____ the backstory — his relationship with a woman, his trips to Southeast Asia that might have caused the illness, and his memories of his mother. It joins a growing collection of books by writers who have bonded with birds and other animals. However, Buckbee’s humour, warm tone and delicate physical condition ____20____ this book out from the rest. 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司6 / 31 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 词汇填空 目录 01 析·考情精解 2 02 构·知能架构 3 03 破·考点攻坚 4 考点一 考查句子成分分析法判断词性 4 知识点1 名词的判定 5 知识点2 动词的判定 6 知识点3 形容词的判定 6 知识点4 副词的判定 6 知识点5 非谓语动词的判定 6 考点二 考查根据上下文语境及构词法知识判定词义 8 知识点1 熟词僻义 12 知识点2 一词多义一词多性 12 知识点3 构词法知识 13 知识点4 词汇固定搭配 13 26年各区一模命题透视 题材聚焦社会热点（AI、宠物经济）、科技发展（ChatGPT、艺术 APP）、健康生活（运动、饮食、时差）、文化传承（古镇、童话）、自然现象（超级月亮、病毒），贴近现实且兼具知识性；考查核心为实词辨析与语境逻辑匹配，侧重词汇深度运用（一词多性、熟词僻义）和固定搭配，重复率高，不考查生僻难词。 26年各区一模考点总结 1. 核心考查：实词辨析与语境匹配（占比超 90%） · 名词：侧重抽象名词（如 “interplay” 相互作用、“projections” 投射、“clarity” 明确），需结合上下文语义选择（如静安区一模用 “fixes” 表 “解决办法”，而非字面 “修理”）。 · 动词：涵盖动作类（“orbits” 绕轨运行、“outshines” 比…… 耀眼）、状态类（“disrupted” 被打乱、“sustained” 遭受），需判断主谓关系和语义逻辑。 · 形容词 / 副词：侧重情感、特征类（“delicate” 细微的、“consistently” 持续地、“unseasonably” 反常地），常与名词 / 动词形成固定搭配。 2. 词汇深度运用 · 一词多性： 名词转动词：“ground”（地面→奠定基础，宝山区一模）、“fuel”（燃料→加剧，松江区一模）。 动词转名词：“fixes”（修理→解决办法，静安区一模）、“shifts”（改变→变化，嘉定区一模）。 形容词转副词：“consistently”（持续的→持续地，嘉定区一模）、“apparent”（明显的→显然地，崇明区一模）。 · 熟词僻义： “row”（排、行→连续，in a row，虹口区一模）。 “mean”（意思是→方式、手段，松江区一模 “a new means for connection”）。 “stretch”（伸展→（路程的）一段，奉贤区一模 “the final stretch of the voyage”）。 · 构词法： 派生：“defenseless”（defense+less，无防御能力的，黄浦区一模）、“sensitivity”（sensitive+ity，敏感度，静安区一模）、“misperception”（mis+perception，误解，崇明区一模）。 转化：“blame”（动词 “责备”→名词 “责备”，宝山区一模 “end up being blamed”）、“shape”（名词 “形状”→动词 “塑造”，杨浦区一模 “shapes them into adults”）。 3. 固定搭配（高频重复） · 动词短语：“apply to”（适用于）、“draw inspiration from”（从…… 汲取灵感）、“in a row”（连续）、“fuel pressure”（加剧压力）。 · 介词短语：“with clarity”（明确地）、“in spite of”（尽管）、“be concentrated in”（集中在）。 · 名词短语：“manual labor”（体力劳动）、“survival instinct”（生存本能）。 2026高考 命题预测 考点：延续实词辨析、语境逻辑核心，一词多性、熟词僻义、构词法仍是词汇深度考查的重点，固定搭配侧重语境化运用，不新增偏难怪词。 题材：继续围绕科技革新、社会热点、健康生活、文化传承等贴近现实的方向，语篇逻辑性更强。 趋势：更强调 “词汇在语篇中的灵活运用”，避免机械记忆，实词辨析需结合语义、搭配、语法功能综合判断。 考点一 句子成分分析法判断词性 （2026年青浦区一模） A. architectural B. tiredness C. concentrated D. raised E. appetite F. reportedly G. resulted H. Blessed I. precisely J. engagement K. diverse Today, travelers have shifted from mere “check-ins” to an “experience-first” mindset, valuing absorbing____20____ over photos. They no longer visit just to “take memories home” but to “create stories worth telling.” This change in demand signals a crucial lesson for ancient towns’ future development: Finding more creative ways to tell the story of local narratives. 【答案】 20. J 考查名词。句意：如今，游客已从单纯的“打卡”转向“体验优先”的心态，重视沉浸式参与而非拍照。空处作宾语，结合语境及experience-first mindset，名词engagement“参与；融入”符合题意，体现游客对深度体验、主动参与的重视，与单纯打卡拍照形成对比。故选J。 命题解读 新考法：从 “单一词性匹配” 升级为 “‘词性 + 语义逻辑 + 语境深度’三重联动” 传统选词填空对名词的考查多停留在 “空格作宾语，锁定名词词性” 的基础层面，只需排除非名词选项即可。本题则需突破单一维度。 新角度：紧扣 “现实旅游趋势”，实现 “语言考查与社会场景深度绑定” 该空的命题角度跳出了抽象词汇的孤立考查，聚焦当下真实社会现象 —— 近年来游客从 “表面打卡” 到 “深度体验” 的心态转变（如年轻人热衷 “citywalk”“文化沉浸游”）。 知识点1 名词词性判断规律 1.语法功能定位 名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语或定语，需通过句子成分分析锁定词性。 主语：位于句首，前有冠词 / 物主代词（如 the、his）或形容词修饰。 宾语：位于及物动词或介词后（如动词后接 “a problem”，介词后接 “in the city”）。 表语：位于系动词（如 be、become）后，描述主语属性（如 “The issue is a challenge”）。 定语：名词作定语时通常用单数形式（如 “traffic rules”“health issues”）。 2.信号词识别 冠词：a/an/the 后接名词（如 “the impact of technology”）。 形容词：形容词修饰名词（如 “significant changes”）。 物主代词：my/your/their 后接名词（如 “their decision”）。 介词：介词后接名词构成短语（如 “in crisis”“with success”）。 3.命题趋势： 名词考查常涉及抽象概念（如 “impact”“balance”）和学科术语（如 “ecosystems”“algorithms”），需结合主题背景判断。 名词作定语现象增多（如 “carbon footprint”“climate policy”），需注意单复数形式。 4.示例剖析 The research team identified key ______ in the data that explained the phenomenon. A. patterns B. analyzed C. accurately D. complex 解题步骤： 成分分析：空格作动词 “identified” 的宾语，需填名词。 信号词定位：空格前无冠词，但 “key” 为形容词修饰名词，锁定名词选项。 语义匹配：“patterns”（模式）符合 “数据中的关键模式” 语境。排除动词 “analyzed”、副词 “accurately”、形容词 “complex”。 答案：A. patterns 知识点2 动词词性判断规律 1.语法功能定位 谓语动词：需考虑时态、语态、主谓一致。 时态：根据时间状语（如 “recently” 用现在完成时）或上下文逻辑判断。 语态：主语与动词的主动 / 被动关系（如 “problem solved” 表被动）。 主谓一致：主语单复数决定动词形式（如 “The team has made progress”）。 非谓语动词：不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、分词（done/doing），需根据逻辑主语和动作时间判断。 2.信号词识别 情态动词：can/may/must 后接动词原形（如 “can predict”）。 助动词：have/has/had 后接过去分词（如 “has conducted”）。 副词：副词修饰动词（如 “carefully designed”）。 固定搭配：如 “aim to do”“result in doing”。 3.命题趋势： 动词考查重点转向非谓语动词（如分词作状语、动名词作主语），需注意逻辑主语一致性。 动词短语（如 “address the problem”“bridge the gap”）高频复现，需强化固定搭配积累。 4.示例剖析 The new policy ______ to reduce plastic waste in coastal areas. A. aims B. reduction C. effectively D. implemented 解题步骤： 成分分析：空格作谓语动词，主语 “policy” 为单数，需填第三人称单数动词。 信号词定位：空格后 “to reduce” 为不定式表目的，符合 “aim to do” 结构。 语义匹配：“aims”（旨在）符合政策目标语境。排除名词 “reduction”、副词 “effectively”、过去分词 “implemented”。 答案：A. aims 知识点3 形容词词性判断规律 1.语法功能定位 定语：修饰名词，位于名词前（如 “strict regulations”）。 表语：位于系动词后，描述主语性质（如 “The project is challenging”）。 宾补：补充说明宾语状态（如 “keep the environment clean”）。 2.信号词识别 名词前：直接修饰名词（如 “profound impact”）。 系动词后：如 “be/become/seem + adj.”（如 “remains effective”）。 副词修饰：副词修饰形容词（如 “highly efficient”）。 3.命题趋势： 形容词考查常涉及科技环保类术语（如 “sustainable”“renewable”）和情感态度词（如 “positive”“negative”）。 形容词比较级 / 最高级（如 “more efficient”“the most significant”）需结合语境逻辑判断。 4.示例剖析 The ______ design of the AI system allows for real-time adjustments. A. flexible B．cost    C． deadliest    D．flooding  解题步骤： 成分分析：空格作定语修饰 “design”，需填形容词。 信号词定位：空格位于名词前，直接修饰名词。 语义匹配：“flexible”（灵活的）符合 “灵活的设计” 语境。 答案：A. flexible 知识点4 副词词性判断规律 1.语法功能定位 修饰动词：说明动作方式或程度（如 “accurately predict”）。 修饰形容词：增强或减弱形容词程度（如 “highly effective”）。 修饰句子：表明说话者态度或逻辑关系（如 “However, the results were unexpected”）。 2.信号词识别 动词后：直接修饰动词（如 “perform well”）。 形容词前：修饰形容词（如 “extremely complex”）。 句首 / 句尾：修饰整个句子（如 “Eventually, the team succeeded”）。 3.命题趋势： 副词考查常涉及科技实验类场景（如 “precisely”“effectively”）和逻辑衔接词（如 “however”“therefore”）。 副词位置灵活（句首、句中、句尾），需结合上下文判断修饰对象。 4.示例剖析 The experiment was ______ conducted to ensure reliable results. A．switch B. carefully C. generating D. insufficient 解题步骤： 成分分析：空格修饰动词 “conducted”，需填副词。 信号词定位：空格位于动词后，直接修饰动作。 语义匹配：“carefully”（仔细地）符合 “实验被仔细进行” 语境。排除形容词 “insufficient”、动词 “switch ”、分词 “generating ”。 答案：B. carefully 知识点5 非谓语动词判断规律 1.语法功能定位 不定式（to do） 作主语：表目的或具体动作（如 “To reduce waste is our goal”）。 作宾语：接在动词后（如 “hope to achieve”）。 作定语：修饰名词（如 “the ability to adapt”）。 动名词（doing） 作主语：表抽象概念或习惯性动作（如 “Reading improves vocabulary”）。 作宾语：接在介词或特定动词后（如 “succeed in doing”“enjoy doing”）。 分词（done/doing） 现在分词（doing）：表主动或进行（如 “the rising trend”）。 过去分词（done）：表被动或完成（如 “the proposed plan”）。 2.命题趋势： 非谓语动词考查重点为分词作状语和动名词作定语，需注意逻辑主语一致性。 独立主格结构（如 “weather permitting”）和复合结构（如 “with the problem solved”）偶有出现。 3.示例剖析 ______ by the lack of funding, the project was postponed. A. relieving B. capabilities C. match D. affected 解题步骤： 成分分析：空格作状语，逻辑主语为 “project”，与动词 “affect” 为被动关系。 信号词定位：“by” 提示被动语态，需填过去分词。 语义匹配：“affected”（受影响）符合 “项目受资金短缺影响” 语境。 答案：D. affected 考向1 名词的确定 名词的确定：名词在句子中做主语；名词做动词宾语或介词宾语；注意名词也可作定语。例： （2026年静安区一模） A.shifting B.set C.slide D.apply E.fixes F.interplay G.sensitivity H.disrupted I.signals J.decline K.modeled Frequent flyers have a bag of tricks to get over jet lag.Scientists have plenty of suggestions too:from getting a dose of sunlight,melatonin(褪黑素)or a hit of exercise, to staying hydrated, skipping caffeine,and eating at local meal times.While none are guaranteed quick 11 , these tips help our bodies 12 back into their usual internal clocks which course through every organ of the body,controlled by a ‘master clock' in the brain. 【答案】11. E. fixes 考查名词。句意：虽然没有保证快速见效的解决办法，但这些技巧能帮助我们的身体重新调整到通常的内部生物钟 —— 这种生物钟贯穿身体每个器官，由大脑中的 “主时钟” 控制。此处需要名词作宾语，“fixes”（解决办法、对策）符合语境，指应对时差的快速解决方案，故填 “E”。 （2026年虹口区一模） A.delicate B.notable C.orbits D.outshines E.phase F.row G.seasonal H.shifts I.sight J.successively K.sustainably A Rare Season of Supermoons This fall,something special will appear in the night sky:every full moon will look slightly bigger and brighter than usual.This is because the last three months of 2025 will bring a rare series of supermoons in a 11 . A supermoon happens when the moon's full 12 occurs at the point in its path closest to Earth. 【答案】11. F (row) 考查名词。句意：这是因为 2025 年的最后三个月将出现罕见的连续超级月亮。固定搭配 “in a row” 表示 “连续地”，此处指三个月内连续出现超级月亮，故填 “F”。 （2026年嘉定区一模） A.analysing B. broader C.consistently D.extends E. launch F.mature G.narrowing H. powered l.shifts J. simply k.warned Hiromu Yakura, professor at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin, first noticed personal vocabulary    12   , like increased use of “delve” instead of “look for” and “meticulous” rather than “careful”. In his recent study, he pushed investigation into    13    spoken communication. 【答案】12. I 考查名词。句意：柏林马克斯・普朗克人类发展研究所的广木弘教授首先注意到个人词汇的变化，比如更多地使用 “delve” 而不是 “look for”，使用 “meticulous” 而不是 “careful”。此处需要名词作宾语，“shifts”（变化、转变）符合语境，指个人词汇选择的改变，故填 “I”。 考向2 动词的确定 动词的确定：动词最容易确定，因为一个句子没有动词就等于没有谓语，是很明显的缺陷。而且动词的关联性、可比性最差，选这个和选那个有天壤之别。例： （2025年黄浦区一模） A. combining B. defenseless C. diversified D. efficiency E. mixed F. origins G. possibilities H. previously I. promising J. reasonably K. transformed In the last few years, researchers have been able to analyze genomes at a much larger scale than before and infer ____19____ mysterious evolutionary connections. These studies have_____20_____ our understanding of what might have occurred in the past. 【答案】 20. C 考查动词。句意：这些研究使我们对过去可能发生的事情的理解更加多样化。根据前文“infer previously mysterious evolutionary connections”可知，新发现丰富了人们的认知，diversified意为“使多样化”，符合“认知范围扩大”的结果。故选C。 （2026年宝山区一模） A.supportive B. blamed C. ground D. economically E. continuing F. influenced G. positively H. rights I. roles J. shape K. sensed In October 1989, Alaa Murabit, the middle child of 11, was born in a Canadian home to an immigrant family from Libya in Africa. Her younger years were filled with fun and kindness. Her ____11____ parents treated her and her siblings with equality and fairness. Her father emphasized the importance of education and gender equality, which greatly ____12____ her views on social justice. 【答案】 12. F 考查动词。句意：她的父亲强调教育和性别平等的重要性，这极大地影响了她对社会正义的看法。设空处使用动词作which引导非限制性定语从句的谓语动词，根据前文“Her father emphasized the importance of education and gender equality”可知，此处表示父亲强调教育和性别平等的重要性，这影响了她对社会正义的看法，所以用influence，意为“影响”，根据前文emphasized可知，句子为一般过去时。故填F。 考向3 形容词的确定 形容词的确定：形容词作定语修饰名词。单个形容词作前置定语；形容词短语作后置定语。例： （2025年徐汇区一模） A. typically B. inevitable C. transmission D. circulating E. identified F. symptoms G. hospitable H. landscape I. unusually J. emerged K. signals UK officials fear a similar pattern, as studies confirm the nation’s climate is becoming increasingly ____17____ to these viruses. 【答案 17. G 考查形容词。句意：英国官员担心会出现类似模式，因为研究证实，英国的气候正变得越来越适宜这些病毒生存。由上文“UK officials fear a similar pattern”可知，此处表示“英国的气候正变得越来越适宜这些病毒生存”，空格处意为“环境适宜的”，是hospitable，故选G。 （2026年崇明区一模） A. aim B. apparent C. boosting D. campaign E. controversial F. misperception G. discourage H. manual I. decrease J. moving K. urging As cars multiplied and electric appliances reduced the amount of ____13____ labor people had to do, “we got to a point where we weren’t so physically active,” said Dr. Bethany Barone Gibbs, a professor at West Virginia University in Morgantown. “It then became ____14____that maybe people who were more active were healthier.” 【答案】 13. H 14. B 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：随着汽车数量的增多以及电器的普及减少了人们需要从事的体力劳动，“我们逐渐进入了一个身体活动量减少的阶段”，西弗吉尼亚大学莫兰顿分校的贝瑟尼·巴罗内·吉布斯教授如是说。空处应用形容词，修饰名词labor，作定语；选项H. manual为形容词，表示“体力的、手动的”，manual labor意为“体力劳动”，符合句意。故选H。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：随后便显而易见的是，或许那些更活跃的人会更健康。空处应用形容词，作表语；选项B. apparent为形容词，表示“显而易见的”，符合句意。故选B。 考向4 考查副词的确定 副词的确定：句子完整，副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词、整个句子、介词短语、不定式、过去分词等； （2025年松江区一模） A. fuel B. included C. intensified D. invisibility E. isolated F. means G. practically H. risk I. seemingly J. striking K. updates However, the darker side of a group chat occurs when things go from lighthearted jokes to ____17____ harmless comments causing the wildfire of negativity. “FOMO [fear of missing out] in group chats is real,” says another interviewee, 【答案】 17. I 考查副词。句意：然而，群聊的阴暗面在于，轻松玩笑会变成看似无害的评论，却引发负面情绪的蔓延。此空应是副词作状语，修饰形容词harmless，根据“lighthearted jokes”及“causing the wildfire of negativity”可知，此空应是“seemingly (看似、表面上)”体现“评论看似无害实则有负面影响”的转折。故选I。 （2026年浦东新区一模） A. activated B. combined C. drives D. informed E. overrides F. previously G. readily H. stimulating I. survival J. underlying K. unfamiliar This instinct to eat what was available may have saved lives in times of food shortage, but in today’s world of sufficient, ____17____ accessible food, it often works against us. 【答案】 17. G 考查副词。句意：这种有什么吃什么的本能可能在食物短缺时期拯救过生命，但在当今食物充足、易于获取的世界里，它常常对我们不利。根据“in today’s world of sufficient”可知，当今世界，食物是充足的，易于获取的。G项“readily”意为“容易地”，修饰形容词 accessible，符合语境。故选项G。 考向5 考查非谓语动词的确定 非谓语动词的确定：动名词作主语、动词宾语和介词宾语、表语、定语。分词作表语、宾补、定语、状语。 有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。例： （2026年杨浦区一模） A. challenged B. shapes C. raising D. projections E. separated F. core G. autonomous H. building I. imperfect J. perceived K. clarity Learn to accept your mistakes as a parent and offer your child repair when you get things wrong. Parenting is messy, and ____18____ your child right is going to look different for everyone, but at the____19____ of everything you do is love for your child. Love, however, is ____20____ , so let go of the pressure to get it “right” or to parent your child differently because they don’t have siblings and, instead, enjoy the parenting journey with them. 【答案】 18. raising 考查非谓语动词。句意：养育孩子是混乱的，正确地养育孩子对每个人来说都是不同的，但你所做的一切的核心都是对孩子的爱。根据前文“Parenting”及此处语境可知，此处指“抚养”孩子这种行为，动词raise意为“养育”，作主语，用动名词形式raising。故填raising。 （2026年金山区一模） A. abstract B. bonding C. conflict D. constructively E. deepen F. massively G. mean H. pretending I. redefine J. shame K. tempting On another level, we are ____16____ with people we gossip with. Sharing worries or frustrations with trusted friends builds closeness. It lets us be honest instead of ____17____ to always be patient. It shows we trust our friends not to use our words against others. 【答案】 17. H 考查非谓语动词。句意：它让我们能够坦诚相待，而不必假装总是很有耐心。介词短语instead of后接动名词形式；结合前文lets us be honest可知，动词pretending“假装”符合语境，指不用伪装自己的情绪。故选H。 考点二 根据上下文语境及构词法知识判定词义 （2026年崇明区一模） A. aim B. apparent C. boosting D. campaign E. controversial F. misperception G. discourage H. manual I. decrease J. moving K. urging “There is a(n) ____19____ that you need to be a sportsperson to get health benefits from exercise,” said Dr.Damon Swift, an exercise physiologist (生理学家) at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. “But really the benefits increase much earlier than that. Once you start getting off the couch, there is a large ____20____ in risk as you go from being inactive to somewhat active.” 【答案】 19. F 考查名词。句意：有一种错误的观念认为，要想从运动中获得健康益处，就必须是专业的运动员。空处应用名词，作主语；选项F. misperception为名词，表示“误解、错误的想法”，符合句意。故选F。 命题解读 新考法：从 “单一词性判定” 升级为 “语法 + 逻辑双重匹配”传统选词填空对名词的考查多聚焦 “名词作主语 / 宾语” 的语法功能，只需根据句子成分锁定词性即可。本题则需先通过后句 “But really...” 的转折逻辑（否定 “必须是专业运动员才能从运动中获益” 的观点），明确空格需表达 “与事实不符的认知”；再结合 “名词作主语” 的语法要求，最终匹配 “misperception（误解、错误想法）”。考法上强调 “先抓语境逻辑，再定词性词义”，而非单纯依赖语法规则，更贴近真实语言运用中 “语义优先” 的原则。 新角度：要求考生结合自身对运动健康的认知，理解 “misperception” 所指代的 “错误观念” 具体内涵。这种角度让词汇考查不再孤立，而是与 “健康生活” 的现实语境深度绑定，既考查单词含义，也隐含对生活常识的理解，体现 “语言服务于现实交流” 的命题导向。 知识点1熟词僻义 许多常见的单词有着我们平时熟知的基本意思，但在高考 “小猫钓鱼” 题型中，会考查这些单词比较生僻、不常用的释义。例如 “address” 一词，常见意思是 “地址”，但它还有 “演讲；称呼” 等僻义，很可能在题目中就考查这些相对冷门的意思。 难点：考生往往容易受限于对单词常规意思的记忆，在看到熟悉单词时，习惯性地按照常用义去理解，从而难以准确判断其在具体语境中的正确用法，导致选错答案。 考查目的：旨在考查学生对词汇掌握的深度，看是否真正全面了解单词的不同含义，能够灵活运用词汇知识，根据语境准确辨析单词的恰当意思。 知识点2 一词多性 不少英语单词具备多种词性以及不同的词义，比如 “record”，既可以作名词表示 “记录；唱片”，又能作动词表示 “记录；录制”。在题目语境中，需要依据句子结构、语法规则以及上下文语义等来判断该单词应取哪种词性和相应的词义。 难点：要准确判断单词的词性和对应的词义，需要综合考虑多方面因素，对学生的语法功底以及语义理解能力要求较高。学生容易混淆单词不同词性下的用法，出现张冠李戴的情况。 考查目的：检验学生对词汇的灵活运用能力，能否准确分析句子结构，结合语境准确把握单词的词性和合适的词义，从而使句子语法正确、语义通顺。高考英语多义词的深度辨析，涵盖科技、环保、教育等核心主题，呈现词性变化与语境逻辑的深度关联： 常用构词法知识： （1）、名词后缀 1）-ster，-eer，-er（or）意为：从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人。 例词：gamester，gangster，engineer，profiteer，mountaineer，driver，teacher，director，actor，professor 2）-let意为：小或者不重要的东西。例词：booklet，leaflet，starlet 3）-ism意为：道义，主义，学说等。例词：idealism， impressionism，racism 4）-ess意为：女性。例词：actress，poetess，hostess 5）-hood意为：时期。例词：boyhood，childhood，manhood 6）-ship意为：才能，状态，资格，品质等。例词：leadership，friendship，membership，sportsmanship 7）-ful意为：量。例词：cupful，handful， mouthful，spoonful 8）-tion，-ion意为：①状态，行动等。例词：action，oppression，possession，education，starvation ②机构等。例词： organization，foundation 9）-ment意为：状态，行动等。例词：movement，enslavement，pavement 10）-al意为：动作。例词：arrival，refusal，revival，recital，removal 11）-age意为：程度，数量等。例词：coverage，shrinkage，breakage，hostage 12）-ness；-ity（ty）意为：状态，品质。例词：happiness，usefulness，selfishness，activity，sanity，changeability （2）、动词后缀 1）-ify意为：转为，变为。例词：beautify, simplify, classify 2）-ize；-en意为：使……，变得……。例词：modernize，popularize，symbolize，ripen，widen，threaten 3）-ate意为：增加，使……。例词：originate，initiate （3）、形容词后缀 1）-ful意为：充满，有。例词：useful，pitiful， hopeful，helpful，forgetful，thankful， fearful 2）-less意为：没有，无。例词：speechless，childless，harmless，hopeless，meaningless 3）-ly意为：有……品质的。例词：beastly，manly， brotherly，friendly 4）-like意为：像……的。例词： childlike，tigerlike 5）-y；-ish意为：像……一般的。例词：sandy， silky，hairy，leafy，watery，foolish，girlish，blackish 6）-some意为：像……一样的；引起……的；有……品质的。例词：troublesome，tiresome，bothersome 7）-able（ible）意为：能……的；可以……的。例词： changeable，readable，drinkable，comfortable，expansible 8）-ed意为：有……的。例词：wooded，pointed，odd-shaped 9）-al意为：有……属性的，……类型的。例词：cultural，personal，regional，musical 10）-ary（ory）意为：属于……的，与……相连的。例词：revolutionary，imaginary 11）-ous意为：富含……的；有……品质的；像……的。例词：glorious，gracious 12）-ic（ical）意为：……类的；属于……的。例词： historic，historical，dramatic，heroic 13）-ive意为：有……属性的；有某种倾向的。例词： talkative，restrictive，defensive，constructive，sensitive （4）、副词后缀 1）-ly意为：以……方式。例词：happily，attentively，strangely 2）-ward（s）意为：表示方式或动作的方向。例词：backward（s），homeward（s），eastward（s） 3）-wise意为：①按照……方式。例词：crabwise，clockwise ②就……而言。例词：weatherwise ，educationwise 知识点4 固定搭配 英语中有大量的固定搭配，如：classify...as; take into accout; commit onself to等。在选词填空中，会考查学生对这些固定搭配的熟悉程度，需要根据句子中已有的部分去匹配相应的固定搭配单词。 难点：固定搭配数量繁多，记忆起来有一定难度，而且容易出现混淆。同时在题目中，可能搭配的部分被拆分在不同位置，需要仔细梳理句子结构和语义才能准确识别。 考查目的：检测学生对英语中常用固定搭配的记忆和运用能力，看能否敏锐捕捉到句子中涉及固定搭配的线索，以此选择正确的单词，使句子表达符合英语的语言习惯。 考向1 考查熟词僻义 （核心：常见单词在特定语境中呈现不常用含义，需结合上下文判定） （2026年静安区一模） A.shifting B.set C.slide D.apply E.fixes F.interplay G.sensitivity H.disrupted I.signals J.decline K.modeled Frequent flyers have a bag of tricks to get over jet lag.Scientists have plenty of suggestions too:from getting a dose of sunlight,melatonin(褪黑素)or a hit of exercise, to staying hydrated, skipping caffeine,and eating at local meal times.While none are guaranteed quick 11 , these tips help our bodies 12 back into their usual internal clocks which course through every organ of the body,controlled by a ‘master clock' in the brain. 【答案】11. E. fixes 考查名词。句意：虽然没有保证快速见效的解决办法，但这些技巧能帮助我们的身体重新调整到通常的内部生物钟 —— 这种生物钟贯穿身体每个器官，由大脑中的 “主时钟” 控制。此处需要名词作宾语，“fixes”（解决办法、对策）符合语境，指应对时差的快速解决方案，故填 “E”。 熟义：fix 作动词，意为 “修理；安装”； 僻义：此处为名词，意为 “解决办法、对策”。 语境分析：前文提到 “应对时差的各种技巧”，后文衔接 “这些技巧帮助身体调整生物钟”，结合 “quick fixes” 的搭配，可判定此处 fixes 为 “快速解决问题的方法”，属于熟词僻义。 考向2 考查一词多性/多义 （核心：同一单词具备多种词性或多个核心含义，需根据句子成分和语境确定具体词性与词义） （2026年宝山区一模） A.supportive B. blamed C. ground D. economically E. continuing F. influenced G. positively H. rights I. roles J. shape K. sensed She fights not only for women but also for the health of the world. Dr. Murabit’s leadership helped to ____20____the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, impacting billions of people for the better. 【答案】 20. C 考查考查一词多性/多义。句意：Murabit博士的领导力帮助为2015年联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）奠定了基础，使数十亿人受益。分析句子结构可知，第十空为非谓语动词，根据后文“the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015”可知，此处表示Murabit博士的领导力帮助为2015年联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）奠定了基础，所以用ground，意为“奠定基础”，help to do sth.为固定短语，意为“帮助做某事”，所以此处用动词原形。故填C。 多性 / 多义：ground 可作名词（地面；场地）、动词（使搁浅；奠定基础）。 语境分析：此处作 help to 后的动词原形，需为动词词性；结合后文 “impacting billions of people for the better”，可知是 “为可持续发展目标奠定基础”，故判定为动词 “奠定基础”，体现一词多性 / 多义。 考向3 考查构词法（派生/转化/合成/缀合） （核心：通过词根、词缀（前缀 / 后缀）、词性转化等构词规则判定生词含义） （2026年金山区一模） A. abstract B. bonding C. conflict D. constructively E. deepen F. massively G. mean H. pretending I. redefine J. shame K. tempting What matters is whether it is used to understand and help, not to harm. When there are an intention and an effort to gossip ____20____ rather than destructively, we use gossip as a social and emotional tool that gives us a space to process, empathize, connect, and relax. 【答案】 20. D 考查副词。句意：当我们有意且努力地建设性地聊八卦，而非破坏性地传播时，流言就成了一种社交和情感工具，能给我们提供一个处理情绪、产生共鸣、建立联结和放松的空间。空处修饰动词gossip，应用副词；结合后文rather than destructively可知，副词constructively“建设性地”与之对应，指正确的流言方式。故选D。 构词法：派生（动词 + 后缀 - ive→形容词 + 后缀 - ly→副词）。 分析：词根为 construct（动词，建设），后缀 - ive 构成形容词 constructive（建设性的），再加后缀 - ly 构成副词 constructively，意为 “建设性地”。结合后文 “rather than destructively”（而非破坏性地），通过构词法的反义对应，可判定词义为 “建设性地” 考向4 考查固定搭配 （核心：单词通过固定组合形成特定含义，需结合搭配规则和语境判定整体意思） （2026年虹口区一模） A.delicate B.notable C.orbits D.outshines E.phase F.row G.seasonal H.shifts I.sight J.successively K.sustainably This fall,something special will appear in the night sky:every full moon will look slightly bigger and brighter than usual.This is because the last three months of 2025 will bring a rare series of supermoons in a 11 . A supermoon happens when the moon's full 12 occurs at the point in its path closest to Earth. 【答案】11. F (row) 考查名词。句意：这是因为 2025 年的最后三个月将出现罕见的连续超级月亮。固定搭配 “in a row” 表示 “连续地”，此处指三个月内连续出现超级月亮，故填 “F”。 固定搭配：“in a row”（连续地）。 分析：固定搭配 in a row 为 “连续地”，结合后文 “three supermoons”（三次超级月亮），可判定此处指 “连续出现的超级月亮”，搭配含义固定，需记忆整体用法，无法拆分理解 row 的单独含义。 【语篇填空】 Passage 1【来源】上海市徐汇区上海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．representation  B．intellectual  C． distinct  D．superficial   E. appreciated  AB．lack  AC． endangered  AD．extinguished   AE. stuff  BC． conventional  BD．natives Deep Reading It is obvious that our lives are being increasingly dominated by digital devices and instant gratification. As a result, “deep reading”, as opposed to the often superficial reading we do on the Web, has become a (n) 1 practice, one we ought to take steps to preserve as we would a historic building or a significant work of art. Its disappearance would threaten the 2 and emotional development of generations growing up online. Worse still, it would affect the protection of a critical part of our culture: the novels, poems and other kinds of literature that can be 3 only by readers whose brains, quite literally, have been trained to comprehend them. Recent research has demonstrated that deep reading is an experience, different in kind from the mere decoding of words. Although deep reading does not, strictly speaking, require a (n) 4 book, the built-in limits of the printed page are uniquely helpful to the deep reading experience. A book’s 5 of hyperlinks, for example, frees the reader from making decisions — Should I click on this link or not? — allowing her to remain fully focused on the narrative. That focus is supported by the way the brain handles language rich in detail, allusion (暗示) and metaphor: by creating a mental 6 that draws on the same brain regions that would be active if the scene were unfolding in real life. The emotional situations and moral dilemmas that are the 7 of literature are also vigorous exercise for the brain, pushing us inside the heads of fictional characters and even, studies suggest, increasing our real-life capacity for sympathy. None of this is likely to happen when we’re browsing through website. Although we call the activity by the same name, the deep reading of books and the information-driven reading we do on the Web are very 8 both in the experience they produce and in the capacity they develop. A growing body of evidence suggests that online reading may be less productive, even for the “digital 9 ” to whom it is so familiar. Researchers reported that 39% of children and teens read daily using electronic devices, but only 28% read printed materials every day. Those who read only on screen were three times less likely to say they find reading satisfying. Even one tenth fear that their desire to engage in deep reading has already been 10 by the fast pace of modern life. 【答案】 1．AC 2．B 3．E 4．BC 5．AB 6．A 7．AE 8．C 9．BD 10．AD 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了随着数字设备和即时满足感的日益主导我们的生活，“深度阅读”正逐渐成为一种濒危的实践，并阐述了深度阅读的重要性以及网络阅读与深度阅读的区别。 1．考查形容词。句意：因此，“深度阅读”与我们常常在网络上进行的那种常常是肤浅的阅读相对，已成为一种濒危的实践，我们应该像保护历史建筑或重要的艺术作品一样采取措施保护它。空格处为定语修饰名词practice，根据后文“one we ought to take steps to preserve as we would a historic building or a significant work of art”可知，深度阅读是一种濒危的实践，endangered“濒危的”为形容词，符合句意。故选AC项。 2．考查形容词。句意：它的消失将威胁到在网络上成长起来的一代人的智力和情感发展。空格处与emotional并列修饰名词development，根据后文“the novels, poems and other kinds of literature that can be 3 only by readers whose brains, quite literally, have been trained to comprehend them.”可知，深度阅读消失会影响在网络上成长起来的一代人的智力和情感发展，intellectual“智力的”为形容词，符合句意。故选B项。 3．考查动词。句意：更糟糕的是，它将影响我们文化中一个关键部分的保护：那些只有大脑经过训练才能理解的读者才能欣赏的小说、诗歌和其他种类的文学作品。空格处为定语从句中的谓语动词，主语that代指先行词the novels, poems and other kinds of literature，appreciate“欣赏”为动词，符合句意。故选E项。 4．考查形容词。句意：虽然严格来说，深度阅读并不需要一本传统的书，但印刷页面固有的限制对深度阅读体验有着独特的帮助。空格处修饰名词book，根据后文“the built-in limits of the printed page are uniquely helpful to the deep reading experience”可知，深度阅读并不需要一本传统的书，conventional“传统的”为形容词，符合句意。故选BC项。 5．考查名词。句意：例如，一本书缺乏超链接，使读者无需做出决定——我是否应该点击这个链接？——让她能够完全专注于叙事。空格处为句子主语，根据后文“ frees the reader from making decisions”可知，一本书缺乏超链接，lack“缺乏”为名词，符合句意。故选AB项。 6．考查名词。句意：这种专注得到了大脑处理语言细节、暗示和隐喻的方式的支持：通过创造一种心理表征，利用与现实生活中场景展开时活跃的相同大脑区域。空格处为动词create的宾语，根据后文“that draws on the same brain regions that would be active if the scene were unfolding in real life”可知，大脑通过创造一种心理表征，利用与现实生活中场景展开时活跃的相同大脑区域，representation“表征”为名词，符合句意。故选A项。 7．考查名词。句意：文学中的情感情境和道德困境也是对大脑的有力锻炼，让我们进入虚构人物的头脑，甚至，研究表明，还能提高我们在现实生活中同情他人的能力。空格处为表语，根据前文“The emotional situations and moral dilemmas”可知，文学中的情感情境和道德困境是文学的内容，stuff“东西；材料”为名词，符合句意。故选AE项。 8．考查形容词。句意：虽然我们用同样的名字称呼这种活动，但书籍的深度阅读和我们在网络上进行的以信息驱动的阅读在它们产生的体验和它们培养的能力方面都非常不同。空格处为表语，根据后文“both in the experience they produce and in the capacity they develop”可知，书籍的深度阅读和我们在网络上进行的以信息驱动的阅读在它们产生的体验和它们培养的能力方面都非常不同，distinct“不同的”为形容词，符合句意。故选C项。 9．考查名词。句意：越来越多的证据表明，在线阅读可能效率更低，即使对那些非常熟悉的“数字原住民”来说也是如此。空格处为介词for的宾语，根据后文“to whom it is so familiar”可知，这里指对那些非常熟悉的“数字原住民”来说，natives“原住民”为名词，符合句意。故选BD项。 10．考查动词。句意：甚至有十分之一的人担心，他们对深度阅读的渴望已经被现代生活的快节奏所熄灭。空格处为谓语动词，根据后文“by the fast pace of modern life”可知，他们对深度阅读的渴望已经被现代生活的快节奏所熄灭，extinguish“熄灭”为动词，符合句意。故选AD项。 Passage2【来源】上海市闵行区七宝中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷 A．incredible        B．interruption    C． mapped    D．optimistic        E. presented         F. process G. recreated        H. seeking        I. slicing        J. systematically    K. theoretically Would you upload your mind into a computer? As far as science can tell, the brain creates your sense of self. Cells called neurons (神经元) fire in patterns that form your memories, likes, dislikes, and more. If, 11 , some instrument could gather enough information about the neurons in your brain, then that information could be saved in a data file. Then, perhaps, your unique network of neurons could be 12 , either in a computer virtual model or in some sort of artificial body. That sounds 13 — and it is. No technology can copy a whole brain. In 2019, researchers in Seattle 14 all the neurons in a tiny piece of mouse brain, only the size of a grain of sand. They cut it into 25,000 slices, took over 100 million pictures, and found more than 100,000 neurons with about a billion connections. This 15 took five months and ate up two million gigabytes (GB) of computer storage space. That's enough to store 40,000 high-quality movies! And that's all for one tiny mouse brain piece. Imaging an entire human brain with this technology today would require dozens of microscopes operating continuously, without 16 , for thousands of years. Another significant challenge has 17 itself. Current brain-scanning methods work by 18 up a brain, which only works with a dead subject. Michael S. A．Graziano is a neuroscientist at Princeton University in New Jersey. He recently wrote in The Wall Street Journal, “To upload a human brain, we probably want a scanner that doesn't kill the subject...The most wildly 19 predictions place mind uploading within a few decades, but I would not be surprised if it took centuries.” Some people are willing to wait. The memory research company Nectome is based in San Francisco, California. In 2018, the group announced it was 20 to preserve brains just as a person dies. The idea is that in the future, if the technology is ever ready, scientists could bring that mind back to life. 【答案】 11．K 12．G 13．A 14．C 15．F 16．B 17．E 18．I 19．D 20．H 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“将意识上传到电脑”这一话题展开讨论，阐述其理论可能性、当前技术现状、面临的挑战及相关探索。 11．考查副词。句意：从理论上讲，如果某种仪器能收集到足够多关于你大脑神经元的信息，那么这些信息就可以保存在数据文件中。空处修饰整个条件状语从句，结合后文perhaps（或许）可知，此处表“理论上”，副词theoretically“理论上”符合题意。故选K。 12．考查动词被动语态。句意：然后，或许你独特的神经元网络可以被重建，要么在电脑虚拟模型中，要么在某种人工身体中。空处与be动词构成被动语态，结合前文save the information（保存信息）可知，此处指基于信息重建神经元网络，动词recreated“重建；再创造”符合题意。故选G。 13．考查形容词。句意：这听起来不可思议——事实也确实如此。空处作表语，结合后文No technology can copy a whole brain.（没有技术能复制整个大脑）可知，意识上传的想法听起来不切实际，形容词incredible“不可思议的；难以置信的”符合题意。故选A。 14．考查动词时态。句意：2019年，西雅图的研究人员绘制了一小块老鼠大脑（仅沙粒大小）中的所有神经元。空处作谓语，结合后文cut it into slices, took pictures（切片、拍照）可知，此处指绘制神经元分布图，动词mapped“绘制……的地图；绘制……分布图”符合题意，且动作发生在2019年，用过去式。故选C。 15．考查名词。句意：这个过程花了五个月时间，占用了200万吉字节的电脑存储空间。空处作主语，结合前文描述的“切片、拍照、发现神经元及连接”等一系列动作可知，此处指这一研究过程，名词process“过程；进程”符合题意。故选F。 16．考查名词。句意：如今，用这种技术对整个人脑进行成像，需要数十台显微镜连续运行数千年，不能中断。空处作介词without的宾语，结合operating continuously（连续运行）可知，此处指不中断，名词interruption“中断；打扰”符合题意。故选B。 17．考查动词时态。句意：另一个重大挑战已经显现。空处与has构成现在完成时，结合语境可知，此处指挑战已出现，动词presented“呈现；显现”符合题意。故选E。 18．考查非谓语动词。句意：目前的大脑扫描方法是通过将大脑切片来工作的，这种方法只适用于死亡的受试者。空处作介词by的宾语，用动名词形式，结合前文cut it into slices（切片）可知，此处指切片，动词slicing“切；切片”符合题意。故选I。 19．考查形容词。句意：最乐观的预测认为，意识上传将在几十年内实现，但如果需要几个世纪，我也不会感到惊讶。空处修饰名词predictions，结合within a few decades（几十年内）可知，此处指乐观的预测，形容词optimistic“乐观的”符合题意。故选D。 20．考查动词时态。句意：2018年，该小组宣布正寻求在人死亡时保存大脑。空处与was构成过去进行时，结合语境可知，此处指寻求保存大脑的方法，动词seeking“寻求；寻找”符合题意。故选H。 Passage 3 【来源】上海市2025-2026学年高三上学期12月春考适应性调研卷英语试题 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．barely  B．charge  C． episodes  D．foreign  E. littering  F. natures G. occasionally  H. participating  I. spring  J. striking  K. weighing The Penguins Adapting to a Plastic World Along the windswept coast of Argentina, thousands of Magellanic penguins arrive each year to breed. Their colonies, once surrounded only by stones and twigs, now share the area with human trash. Plastic bottles, ropes, and old containers 21 the pebbles (鹅卵石) , have quietly become part of the penguins’ daily life and subtly affecting how they hunt for fish, care for their chicks, and 22 at threats whenever danger arises. In recent years, scientists have observed that penguins 23 use bits of plastic, rope, or wire to build their nests. Some even seem to prefer these bright artificial materials to natural ones. Although this behavior might appear 24 at first glance, it demonstrates the birds’ ability to adjust. They are 25 just victims of pollution. In fact, they are actively 26 in a rapidly changing environment. Human-made objects can also be dangerous, as penguins may get trapped in nets or swallow small pieces, which can injure them or block their stomachs. For decades, human actions have been 27 heavily on the Magellanic penguins’ populations and fragile habitats. Even small amounts of trash, gradually accumulating (累积) , threaten their survival prospects and daily routines. Scientists warn that if pollution persists, penguins may slowly adapt to these 28 elements as part of their world. They then may, when necessary, 29 sensibly from one area to another in search of food, displaying both skill and instinct. This story is not only about penguins. Human waste now reaches even remote habitats. Observing penguins can uncover surprising 30 , from predator attacks to sudden storms, offering brief but powerful lessons on survival and adaptation. 【答案】 21．E 22．B 23．G 24．J 25．A 26．H 27．K 28．D 29．I 30．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕麦哲伦企鹅展开，阐述其在充斥人类垃圾的环境中的适应行为、面临的威胁，及该现象带来的生存启示。 21．考查动词。句意：散落于鹅卵石间的塑料瓶、绳子和旧容器已悄然成为企鹅日常生活的一部分，并潜移默化地影响着它们捕鱼、照料雏鸟以及在危险来临时应对威胁的方式。结合前文“now share the area with human trash”可知，垃圾散落于企鹅栖息地，动词litter“散落；乱扔”符合题意，和逻辑主语 Plastic bottles, ropes, and old containers为主动关系，用现在分词littering作后置定语。故选E。 22．考查动词。句意：散落于鹅卵石间的塑料瓶、绳子和旧容器已悄然成为企鹅日常生活的一部分，并潜移默化地影响着它们捕鱼、照料雏鸟以及在危险来临时应对威胁的方式。空处与hunt、care for并列，作谓语，结合“at threats whenever danger arises”可知，此处指应对威胁，动词charge“应对；冲锋”符合题意。故选B。 23．考查副词。句意：近年来，科学家观察到企鹅偶尔会用塑料碎片、绳子或金属丝筑巢。空处修饰动词use，需用副词，结合语境，企鹅并非常规用塑料筑巢，副词occasionally“偶尔；间或”符合题意。故选G。 24．考查形容词。句意：尽管这种行为乍一看可能令人惊讶，但它体现了这种鸟类的适应能力。空处作表语，结合“用塑料筑巢”这一特殊行为，形容词striking“令人惊讶的”符合题意。故选J。 25．考查副词。句意：它们不仅仅是污染的受害者。空处修饰be动词are，需用副词，结合下文“they are actively...”可知，此处强调“不仅仅是受害者”，副词barely“仅仅；只不过”符合题意。故选A。 26．考查动词。句意：事实上，它们正积极参与到快速变化的环境中。空处与are构成现在进行时，结合“in a rapidly changing environment”可知，此处指参与到快速变化的环境中，participating“参与”符合题意，be participating in为固定搭配，意为“参与……”。故选H。 27．考查动词。句意：几十年来，人类活动一直对麦哲伦企鹅的种群数量和脆弱的栖息地造成沉重负担。空处与have been构成现在完成进行时，结合“heavily on the Magellanic penguins’ populations”可知，此处指给企鹅的数量和栖息地造成了负担，weighing“对……造成负担”符合题意，weigh heavily on为固定搭配，意为“对……构成沉重负担”。故选K。 28．考查形容词。句意：科学家警告说，如果污染持续下去，企鹅可能会慢慢适应这些外来元素，将其视为自己世界的一部分。空处修饰名词elements，结合前文“human trash”和“artificial materials”可知，这些均为外来元素，形容词foreign“外来的；陌生的”符合题意。故选D。 29．考查动词。句意：必要时，它们可能会明智地从一个地区迁徙到另一个地区寻找食物，展现出技能和本能。空处作谓语，结合“from one area to another in search of food”可知，此处指迁徙，动词spring“迁徙；突然移动”符合题意。故选I。 30．考查名词。句意：观察企鹅可以发现令人惊讶的事件，从捕食者攻击到突如其来的风暴，为生存和适应提供了短暂但有力的启示。空处作宾语，结合“from predator attacks to sudden storms”可知，这些均为具体事件，名词episodes“事件；片段”符合题意，此处用复数形式。故选C。 Passage 4 【来源】2025 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．banning B．contact C． equivalent D．expanding E. extra F. floating G. host H. installations I. multiple J. proportions K. vary Solar panels won’t go beyond golf courses One of the UK’s green targets is to cover 0.4% of its land in solar panels by the end of the decade — less than the area covered by golf courses, known for their high water usage and chemical-intensive maintenance practices. An analysis by researchers at the University of Lancaster showed solar farms occupy about 0.06% of land today. The vast majority have been built on former farmland. The previous government considered 31 solar power on the richest agricultural land. It proposed land use guidelines that would discourage solar panel 32 on the best soils. A study of satellite images revealed that 65% of solar farms were built on former arable (可耕种的) land and 30% on grassland. The rest was former landfill, mines and other uses. However, Hollie Blay, a senior research associate at Lancaster, said that in absolute terms the area occupied by solar farms was very small. “We’ve worked out that 0.06%, or 15,580 hectares (公顷), is roughly 33 to a tenth of the area of Greater London,” she said. There are about a thousand solar farms in the UK, with the current target of 34 capacity three times by 2030. If all the panels to meet this goal are mounted on the ground, the researchers found solar farms would require a(n) 35 80,920 hectares. That would take solar’s share of UK land to 0.4%, or 0.83% of farmland. Estimates 36 but golf courses are believed to cover about 0.5% of land. In reality, some of the panels are likely to be installed on the rooftops of large industrial facilities, and some could even be 37 on vast waters. This means the true share of land is likely to be even lower. Based on current 38 of where panels are installed, solar would occupy 0.22% of land. “Solar farms are likely to occupy a small land area compared to primary land uses, such as agriculture, and could combine 39 land uses,” the researchers wrote. Sheep can be raised between rows of panels and solar farms can help with nature recovery; they can, according to a recent study by a University of Cambridge team, 40 more birds than nearby arable fields. 【答案】 31．A 32．H 33．C 34．D 35．E 36．K 37．F 38．J 39．I 40．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕英国太阳能电池板的土地使用情况展开，介绍了当前太阳能农场的土地占用比例、主要建设区域，以及为实现绿色目标所需的土地面积，同时指出太阳能农场可结合多种土地用途，对生态也有一定益处。 31．考查动词。句意：前政府曾考虑在最肥沃的农业用地禁止太阳能发电。consider doing sth. 为固定搭配，意为“考虑做某事”，空处需填动名词形式。结合后句“discourage solar panel 2 on the best soils”（不鼓励在优质土壤上安装太阳能电池板），可知此处应表“禁止”，选项A. banning（禁止，动名词形式）符合题意。故选A。 32．考查名词。句意：它提出的土地使用指南不鼓励在最佳土壤上安装太阳能电池板。空处作discourage的宾语，需填名词形式，结合“solar panel”（太阳能电池板），可知此处指“太阳能电池板的安装”，选项H. installations（安装，可数名词复数）符合题意，泛指“安装设施”。故选H。 33．考查形容词。句意：我们计算出，0.06%（即15580公顷）大约相当于大伦敦面积的十分之一。be equivalent to 为固定短语，意为“相当于……”，空处需填形容词作表语，选项C. equivalent（相等的，相当的）符合题意。故选C。 34．考查动名词。句意：英国约有一千个太阳能农场，目前的目标是到2030年将容量扩大三倍。of 为介词，后接动名词作宾语，结合“capacity three times”（容量三倍），可知此处指“扩大容量”，选项D. expanding（扩大，动名词形式）符合题意。故选D。 35．考查形容词。句意：研究人员发现，如果要实现这一目标，所有的电池板都安装在地面上，太阳能农场将额外需要80920公顷土地。空处修饰名词hectares（公顷），需填形容词，结合前文“We’ve worked out that 0.06%, or 15,580 hectares”（当前已占用15580公顷），可知此处指“额外需要的”，选项E. extra（额外的）符合题意。故选E。 36．考查动词。句意：估算数值各不相同，但高尔夫球场据信占土地面积的约0.5%。文章整体为一般现在时，空处作谓语，主语Estimates（估算数值）为复数，动词用原形。结合“but”后的转折内容，此处指估算结果不一致，选项K. vary（变化，各不相同）符合题意。故选K。 37．考查动词。句意：实际上，一些电池板可能会安装在大型工业设施的屋顶上，有些甚至可能漂浮在广阔的水面上。空处与前面的be构成进行时态，需填现在分词形式，结合“on vast waters”（在广阔水面上），选项F. floating（漂浮，过去分词形式）符合题意。故选F。 38．考查名词。句意：根据目前电池板安装位置的比例，太阳能将占用0.22%的土地。空处作Based on的宾语，需填名词形式，结合后文“0.22% of land”（土地的0.22%），此处指“安装位置的比例”，选项J. proportions（比例，复数形式）符合题意。故选J。 39．考查形容词。句意：研究人员写道：“与农业等主要土地用途相比，太阳能农场可能占用的土地面积很小，并且可以结合多种土地用途。”空处修饰名词land uses（土地用途），需填形容词，结合后文“Sheep can be raised between rows of panels”（可在电池板行间养羊），可知此处指“多种用途”，选项I. multiple（多种的）符合题意。故选I。 40．考查动词。句意：根据剑桥大学团队最近的一项研究，它们（太阳能农场）可以比附近的耕地吸引更多的鸟类。情态动词can后接动词原形，结合“more birds”（更多鸟类），此处指“吸引鸟类”，选项G. host（容纳，吸引，此处可理解为“吸引”）符合题意。故选G。 Passage 5 （2026年闵行区一模） A. distress B. pin C. scare D. coexisting E. unfold F. channelling G. single H. familiarity I. barely J. restorative K. unlikely The Healing Power of Caring for a Pigeon (鸽子) Like many people, I have always considered pigeons to be annoying and dirty virus-carriers. These birds, often said to ____11____ off smaller, prettier species, had never interested me until Brian Buckbee’s memoir We Should All Be Birds changed my perception. One evening in 2020, Buckbee spotted a pigeon on a walk near his home in Missoula, MT. It was standing on one leg and staring right at him. “He had the funniest look in his eye, one of ____12____, as if we had known each other for a long, long time.” This description showcases one of Buckbee’s remarkable skills: ____13____ a sense of personality into birds. As it turned out, the pigeon’s bent leg was injured, leaving it ____14____ able to fly and near starvation, so Buckbee brought it home, where he was no longer alone for the first time since the health crisis began, and he named the bird Two-Step. Like the bird, Buckbee was in ____15____. He was once an ocean-swimming world traveller, but for the past few years, he had struggled with a disease that has no known cause, no clear cure. His memoir is about his ____16____ friendship with Two-Step, and with a dozen or so other sick pigeons that he later takes in. It is about more than ____17____ with wild creatures. It’s also about sorrow, loss, pain, loneliness, and the ____18____ power of love. It’s a striking illustration of how caring for another living creature — even a wild bird — can give life meaning. We Should All Be Birds takes place between May 2020 and January 2023, but Buckbee moves around in time to ____19____ the backstory — his relationship with a woman, his trips to Southeast Asia that might have caused the illness, and his memories of his mother. It joins a growing collection of books by writers who have bonded with birds and other animals. However, Buckbee’s humour, warm tone and delicate physical condition ____20____ this book out from the rest. 【答案】11. C 12. H 13. F 14. I 15. A 16. K 17. D 18. J 19. E 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述布莱恩・巴克比照料生病鸽子的独特友谊，展现爱与关怀的治愈力量，赋予生命意义。 【11题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：这些鸽子，据说常常会吓跑更小、更漂亮的物种，我一直对它们不感兴趣，直到布莱恩・巴克比的回忆录《我们都应该是鸟》改变了我的看法。此空在动词不定式符号to后应填动词原形，scare off，为固定搭配，表“吓跑”，be said to do为固定用法，此处用动词原形，符合“鸽子对其他物种的影响”语境。故选C。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：它的眼神很有趣，一种亲切感，仿佛我们已经认识了很久很久。此空应填名词作介词of的宾语，familiarity，意为“熟悉；亲切感”，结合“as if we had known each other for a long, long time”可知，此处强调鸽子给人一种熟悉的感觉，符合语境。故选H。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：这段描述展现了巴克比的一项非凡技能：赋予鸟类一种个性感。此空应填动词，与“a sense of personality”构成动宾关系，“channelling”（此处为动名词形式，表示列举），意为“传递；赋予”，“channelling a sense of personality into birds”，表示“把个性感赋予鸟类”，符合“展现技能”的语境。故选F。 【14题详解】 考查副词。句意：事实证明，这只鸽子弯曲的腿受伤了，几乎不能飞，而且濒临饥饿，于是巴克比把它带回了家。此空应填副词修饰形容词able，barely，意为“几乎不；勉强”，结合“injured”和“near starvation”可知，鸽子受伤后几乎无法飞行，符合语境。故选I。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：和这只鸟一样，巴克比也陷入了痛苦之中。此空应填名词作介词in的宾语，distress，意为“痛苦；苦恼”，结合后文“he had struggled with a disease that has no known cause, no clear cure”可知，巴克比身患重病，处于痛苦之中，符合语境。故选A。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他的回忆录讲述了他与“两步”以及后来收养的十几只生病鸽子之间看似不可能的友谊。分析句子结构可知，此空应填形容词修饰名词 friendship，unlikely，意为“不太可能的”，结合常识，人类与野生病鸽建立深厚友谊本是不易之事，用“unlikely”能突出这份情谊的特别，符合语境。故选K。 【17题详解】 考查名词性成分（动名词相关逻辑）。句意：这不仅仅是关于与野生动物共存。分析句子结构可知，此空应填能作介词than的宾语的词，“coexisting”（动名词形式），意为“共存；共处”，结合前文巴克比收养病鸽、建立友谊的情节，此处强调人与野生动物的共处关系，符合“超越表层关联，体现深度联结”的语境。故选D。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它还关乎悲伤、失落、痛苦、孤独，以及爱的治愈力量。此空应填形容词修饰名词power，restorative，意为“恢复性的；治愈的”，结合后文“how caring for another living creature... can give life meaning”可知，爱具有治愈人心的力量，符合语境。故选J。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：《我们都应该是鸟》发生在2020年5月和2023年1月之间，但巴克比穿梭于不同的时间线，以展开背景故事 —— 他与一个女人的关系、可能导致他生病的东南亚之旅，以及他对母亲的回忆。此空应填动词作目的状语，unfold，意为“展开；呈现”，unfold the backstory，表示“展开背景故事”，符合“回忆录中时间线切换以补充情节”的语境。故选E。 【20题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：然而，巴克比的幽默感、温暖的语气和脆弱的身体状况让这本书独树一帜。此空需填动词与“out from the rest”构成短语表“脱颖而出”，single out，为固定搭配，意为“挑选出；使突出”，主语为复数，用动词原形，符合“本书与同类书籍形成区别”的语境。故选G。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司6 / 31 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $