内容正文:
专题02句子结构(主谓宾宾+主谓宾宾补)
重点01 常见基本句型
知识精讲
(
考点一
主谓
)
1.核心定义
主语+ 谓语,主语是动作的发出者,谓语是主语发出的动作,谓语动词必须是不及物动词(后面不能直接接宾语)。
2.例句分析
The sun rises in the east. (太阳从东方升起)
Birds fly in the sky.(鸟在天上飞)
My father works in a hospital.(我爸爸在一家医院工作)
The rain stopped just now.(雨刚刚停了)
3.关键要点
谓语动词是不及物动词,后面不能直接加宾语,但可以接副词或介词短语作状语,比如上面例句中的 in the east、in the sky 等。
常见不及物动词:rise, fly, work, stop, run, swim, arrive, happen 等。
(
考点二
主谓
宾
)
1.核心定义
主语(S)+ 谓语(V)+ 宾语(O),宾语是动作的承受者,谓语动词必须是及物动词(后面必须接宾语,句子意思才完整)。
2.例句分析
I love my parents.(我爱我的父母)
She reads English every morning.(她每天早上读英语)
We visited the Great Wall last week.(我们上周参观了长城)
My brother plays basketball very well.(我哥哥篮球打得很好)
3.关键要点
谓语动词是及物动词,后面必须接宾语(可以是名词、代词、动名词等)。
常见及物动词:love, read, visit, play, eat, buy, see, hear 等。
与主谓(S V)的区别:主谓结构的动词后面不能直接接宾语,主谓宾结构的动词后面必须接宾语。 (
考点三
考点一
主
系
表
主谓
)
1.核心定义
主语(S)+ 系动词(V)+ 表语(P),表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态,系动词起到连接主语和表语的作用。
2.例句分析
My mother is a teacher.(我妈妈是一名老师)
The flowers are very beautiful.(这些花非常漂亮)
The soup tastes delicious.(这汤尝起来很美味)
I feel tired after class.(下课后我感觉很累)
3.关键要点
表语通常由名词、形容词、介词短语等充当,不能用副词。
重点02主谓宾宾
知识精讲
(
考点一
直接宾语
&间接宾语
)
一、直接宾语
1. 核心定义
直接宾语是动作的直接承受者,回答谓语动词“做什么”“是什么”的问题,通常由物来充当。
动词直接作用的对象是直接宾语。
2.句子成分分析
句子
谓语动词
直接宾语
分析
My teacher taught us English.
动词“教”直接作用的内容是“英语”,所以 _________是直接宾语
Tom bought his mom a flower.
动词“买”直接买到的东西是“花”,所以 _________ 是直接宾语
She told me a story.
动词“告诉”直接传递的内容是“故事”,所以 _________ 是直接宾语
3. 关键要点
去掉间接宾语,只保留主语+谓语+直接宾语,句子依然通顺且有意义。
例:My teacher taught English.(成立)
Tom bought a flower.(成立)
二、间接宾语
1. 核心定义
间接宾语是动作的对象或受益者,回答谓语动词“给谁”“为谁”的问题,通常由人来充当。
简单说:动作是为谁做的、给谁的,这个人就是间接宾语。
2.句子成分分析
句子
谓语动词
间接宾语
分析
My teacher taught us English.
动词“教”直接作用的内容是“英语”,所以 _________是间接宾语
Tom bought his mom a flower.
动词“买”直接买到的东西是“花”,所以 _________ 是间接宾语
She told me a story.
动词“告诉”直接传递的内容是“故事”,所以 _________ 是间接宾语
3. 关键要点
间接宾语不能单独存在,必须依赖直接宾语;且可以借助介词 to 或 for 后置,改写后句子意义不变。
例:She told me a story. = She told a story to me.
三、区分技巧
技巧1:看“人”和“物”(最直观)
间接宾语(IO)→ 通常是人(动作的对象/受益者)
直接宾语(DO)→ 通常是物(动作的直接承受者)
技巧2:用“给/为”提问
对间接宾语提问:动词 + 给谁/为谁? → 答:人
对直接宾语提问:动词 + 做什么/是什么? → 答:物
技巧3:看能否用 to/for 改写
能借助 to/for 把某个宾语放到句末,这个宾语就是间接宾语,剩下的就是直接宾语。
改写:My mom made a cake for me.
→ 后置的 me 是间接宾语,a cake 是直接宾语。
(
考点二
主谓宾
宾
)
1. 核心定义
谓语动词是 双宾语及物动词,这类动词后必须接两个宾语才能表达完整意思:
间接宾语:动作的对象/受益者,通常是人,回答“给谁”“为谁”的问题。
直接宾语:动作的直接承受者,通常是物,回答“做什么”“是什么”的问题。
2.句型转换
双宾语句型可借助介词 to 或 for 改写,将间接宾语后置,改写后意义不变。
用to的情况:动词强调“把某物传递/给予某人”,常见动词:give, show, send, pass, tell, teach
give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.
例:He gave me a pen. = ___________________________
用for的情况:动词强调“为某人做/买某物”,常见动词:buy, make, cook
buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.
例:My mom made me a cake. = ___________________________
重点03 主谓宾宾补
知识精讲
谓语动词是 复合宾语及物动词,这类动词后接一个宾语后,意义仍不完整,需要再加一个成分(宾语补足语OC),补充说明宾语的状态、动作、身份或特征,才能让句子意思完整。
一、重点复合宾语动词
1. 使役动词:make(使)、let(让)、have(使)
2. 感官动词:see(看见)、watch(观看)、hear(听见)
3. 其他动词:keep(保持)、find(发现)、want(想要)、ask(要求)
二、关键语法规则
(1) 宾语和宾语补足语的逻辑关系
宾语和宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,可以理解为“宾语+宾补=一个完整的简单句”。
例:We keep the classroom clean.
→ 逻辑上可以说:The classroom is clean(成立)。
例:The teacher made him stand up.
→ 逻辑上可以说:He stood up(成立)。
(2) 使役/感官动词的特殊用法(易错点)
主动语态中:make, let, have 以及 see, watch, hear 后接不定式作宾补时,要省略to。
✅ The boss made him work 10 hours a day.(省略to)
❌ The boss made him to work 10 hours a day.
被动语态中:原来省略的 to 必须还原。
例:He was made to work 10 hours a day.(被动语态,to还原)
(3) 宾语补足语的常见形式
形容词:keep sth. tidy;find sb. happy
动词原形:see sb. run;let sb. go
介词短语:find him in the library
名词:call him Tom
主谓双宾
主谓宾宾补
宾语数量
两个宾语(人+物)
一个宾语+一个宾补
逻辑关系
无逻辑主谓关系
宾语和宾补之间有逻辑主谓关系
改写标志
可用to/for改写间接宾语后置
不能用to/for改写
核心判断
去掉一个宾语,句子仍能说通
去掉宾补,句子意义不完整
判断例题:
1. She gave me a book. → 双宾句(去掉me,She gave a book. 仍通顺;可用to改写)
2. She made me happy. → 宾补句(去掉happy,She made me. 意义不完整;me和happy有逻辑主谓关系:I am happy)
好题精练
写出划线部分在句子中所作的成分,宾语用O表示,直接宾语用DO表示,间接宾语用IO表示,宾语补足语用OC表示。
1.We made Yiming monitor of our class.
2.Mum bought me some stickers.
3.The news made us excited.
4.We found the idea creative.
5.She ordered her friend some pizza.
6.He gave me a present.
7.They painted the wall red.
8.We named our invention “Solar Power Buddy”.
真题感知
1.(2023.上海中考模拟)The Reader of CCTV is quite a good program. It is really worth ________.
A.watch B.watches C.to watch D.watching
2.(2022.上海中考模拟)In the sentence “Her hard work made her a successful scientist,” what is the grammatical function of the phrase “a successful scientist”?
A.Subject 主语 B.Direct Object 直接宾语
C.Indirect Object 间接宾语 D.Complement 补语
3.(2024.上海中考模拟)We should do our best to keep our Earth ________.
A.clean B.to clean C.cleaned D.cleaning
4.(2023.上海中考模拟)The experiments showed on the screen made all the students ________ the theory clearly.
A.understood B.understanding C.understand D.to understand
5.(2024.上海中考模拟)A person must not take the things that don’ t belong to . (he)
6.(2024.上海中考模拟)Mr. Smith’s response to the news made Jerry how bad the situation was. (realize)
7.(2024.上海中考模拟)Planning your day in advance can help you time and stay organized. (safe)
8.(2024.上海中考模拟)School projects and group activities . (帮助学生们相互联系)
9.(2024.上海中考模拟)Trains make travelling fast, safe and . (convenience)
10.(2024.上海中考模拟)Do you have any ideas for making rail travel more interesting and ? (attract)
11.(2024.上海中考模拟)Cindy didn’t come to school because she was seriously ill yesterday. (保持句意基本不变)
Cindy didn’t come to school because her serious yesterday.
12.(2023.上海中考模拟)not, football, street, police, told, the, the, the, in, children, to , play (连词成句)
.
13.(2024.广西中考)great fun, found, through hard work, I, to achieve something, it
.
14.(2024.广西中考)protect,enjoy,let’s,living,the,better,on,environment,Earth,and,the,a,life(连词成句)
.
15.(2024.广西中考)I often see he plays basketball in the playground. (保持句意不变)
I often see basketball in the playground.
综合提升练
一、单项选择
1.Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?
A.定语 B.表语 C.主语 D.宾语
2.You helped to make it possible for me to have the dog. 划线部分在句中作________。
A.真正宾语 B.宾语补足语 C.定语
3.We should care for the old people.
A.宾语 B.补语 C.定语 D.状语
4.Did you see the funny movie last night?
A.主语 B.表语 C.宾语 D.定语
5.Then I prepare my school bag for the next day.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.谓语 D.定语
6.Instead of finishing his chemistry homework, Terry wanted to spend his birthday money at the mall, ________ and eat pizza at the food court.
A.see a movie at the theatre
B.planning to see a movie at the theatre
C.he planned to see a movie at the theatre
7.Who did you discuss the problem with in class? The underlined part is the same as _________.
Who is interested in this story most in your family?
A.Who B.is C.this story D.in your family
8.Miss Li teaches ________ English.
A.our B.we C.us D.ours
9.—Can I help you, dear?
—Yeah. I don’t know ________ a banana milk shake. Maybe you can teach me.
A.what to do B.when to make C.how to make D.why to do
10.—Will the box be _____________?
—Maybe, but someone will help me.
A.too heavy for you to carry B.too heavy for you to carry it
C.so heavy for you to carry it D.so heavy for you to carry
11. —What’s this in English?
—It’s .
A.P-E-N B.His pen C.a pen D.an pen
12.Miss Gu teaches ______ English this term. We love ______ very much..
A.our, he B.us, she C.our, him D.us, her
13.Can you help me ________ my new pen? I can’t find it.
A.look for B.looking for C.look after D.looking after
14.It’s 8:30 in the evening. Let’s ________ the tennis game on TV.
A.watches B.watching C.watch
15.— Do you often hear the girls ?
— Yes. And I heard them when I passed their classroom just now.
A.sing; to sing B.singing; sing
C.sing; singing D.singing; to sing
16.The office worker noticed a man ________ into the company.
A.went B.to go C.going D.goes
17.While I was walking along the river, I saw some fish out of the water.
A.are jumping B.jumping C.jumped D.to jump
18.Tom saw a policeman ______ after a thief in the street this morning.
A.running B.run C.to run D.ran
19.—Where's your brother, Tina?
—I saw him_________the trees in the garden when I passed by just now.
A.waters B.watered C.watering D.to water
20.Let’s ________ football this Sunday.
A.to play B.playing C.play D.plays
二、选词填空
21.My brother is funny. He always makes me (大笑).
22.I often see the child (watch) short videos on the smartphone. It’s bad for his eyes.
23.Everyone should do their part to keep the classroom (clean).
24.We have such a nice neighbourhood. We should keep it (look) nice.
25.Simon’s laptop is broken. He will have someone (repair) it.
26.This weekend, the volunteers will help the old people (tidy) their flats.
27.He burned your farm down to make you (sell) it.
28.In Beijing, many people go to Tian’anmen Square to watch the national flag (国旗) (rise).
29.Hello! I am a travel agent. Let’s i some cities to you.
30.Your sister is writing a letter to (介绍) herself now. Please be quiet.
31.He used a set of lights (decorate) the tree.
32.Let Jack (go) home now. It’s too late.
33.Your dress is so beautiful. It makes you (look) slim.
34.Underground makes our lives more c . We can go to different places in the city by underground.
35.As an excellent teacher, I should always keep my students (interest) in different subjects.
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专题02句子结构(主谓宾宾+主谓宾宾补)
重点01 常见基本句型
知识精讲
(
考点
一
主谓
)
1.核心定义
主语+ 谓语,主语是动作的发出者,谓语是主语发出的动作,谓语动词必须是不及物动词(后面不能直接接宾语)。
2.例句分析
The sun rises in the east. (太阳从东方升起)
Birds fly in the sky.(鸟在天上飞)
My father works in a hospital.(我爸爸在一家医院工作)
The rain stopped just now.(雨刚刚停了)
3.关键要点
谓语动词是不及物动词,后面不能直接加宾语,但可以接副词或介词短语作状语,比如上面例句中的 in the east、in the sky 等。
常见不及物动词:rise, fly, work, stop, run, swim, arrive, happen 等。
(
考点二
主谓
宾
)
1.核心定义
主语(S)+ 谓语(V)+ 宾语(O),宾语是动作的承受者,谓语动词必须是及物动词(后面必须接宾语,句子意思才完整)。
2.例句分析
I love my parents.(我爱我的父母)
She reads English every morning.(她每天早上读英语)
We visited the Great Wall last week.(我们上周参观了长城)
My brother plays basketball very well.(我哥哥篮球打得很好)
3.关键要点
谓语动词是及物动词,后面必须接宾语(可以是名词、代词、动名词等)。
常见及物动词:love, read, visit, play, eat, buy, see, hear 等。
与主谓(S V)的区别:主谓结构的动词后面不能直接接宾语,主谓宾结构的动词后面必须接宾语。 (
考点三
考点一
主
系
表
主谓
)
1.核心定义
主语(S)+ 系动词(V)+ 表语(P),表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态,系动词起到连接主语和表语的作用。
2.例句分析
My mother is a teacher.(我妈妈是一名老师)
The flowers are very beautiful.(这些花非常漂亮)
The soup tastes delicious.(这汤尝起来很美味)
I feel tired after class.(下课后我感觉很累)
3.关键要点
表语通常由名词、形容词、介词短语等充当,不能用副词。
重点02主谓宾宾
知识精讲
(
考点一
直接宾语
&间接宾语
)
一、直接宾语
1. 核心定义
直接宾语是动作的直接承受者,回答谓语动词“做什么”“是什么”的问题,通常由物来充当。
动词直接作用的对象是直接宾语。
2.句子成分分析
句子
谓语动词
直接宾语
分析
My teacher taught us English.
taught(教)
English(英语)
动词“教”直接作用的内容是“英语”,所以 English是直接宾语
Tom bought his mom a flower.
bought(买)
a flower(一束花)
动词“买”直接买到的东西是“花”,所以 a flower 是直接宾语
She told me a story.
told(告诉)
a story(一个故事)
动词“告诉”直接传递的内容是“故事”,所以 a a story 是直接宾语
3. 关键要点
去掉间接宾语,只保留主语+谓语+直接宾语,句子依然通顺且有意义。
例:My teacher taught English.(成立)
Tom bought a flower.(成立)
二、间接宾语
1. 核心定义
间接宾语是动作的对象或受益者,回答谓语动词“给谁”“为谁”的问题,通常由人来充当。
简单说:动作是为谁做的、给谁的,这个人就是间接宾语。
2.句子成分分析
句子
谓语动词
间接宾语
分析
My teacher taught us English.
taught(教)
us(我们)
动词“教”直接作用的内容是“英语”,所以 us 是间接宾语
Tom bought his mom a flower.
bought(买)
his mom(他妈妈)
动词“买”直接买到的东西是“花”,所以 his mom 是间接宾语
She told me a story.
told(告诉)
me(我)
动词“告诉”直接传递的内容是“故事”,所以 a me 是间接宾语
3. 关键要点
间接宾语不能单独存在,必须依赖直接宾语;且可以借助介词 to 或 for 后置,改写后句子意义不变。
例:She told me a story. = She told a story to me.
三、区分技巧
技巧1:看“人”和“物”(最直观)
间接宾语(IO)→ 通常是人(动作的对象/受益者)
直接宾语(DO)→ 通常是物(动作的直接承受者)
技巧2:用“给/为”提问
对间接宾语提问:动词 + 给谁/为谁? → 答:人
对直接宾语提问:动词 + 做什么/是什么? → 答:物
技巧3:看能否用 to/for 改写
能借助 to/for 把某个宾语放到句末,这个宾语就是间接宾语,剩下的就是直接宾语。
改写:My mom made a cake for me.
→ 后置的 me 是间接宾语,a cake 是直接宾语。
(
考点二
主谓宾
宾
)
1. 核心定义
谓语动词是 双宾语及物动词,这类动词后必须接两个宾语才能表达完整意思:
间接宾语:动作的对象/受益者,通常是人,回答“给谁”“为谁”的问题。
直接宾语:动作的直接承受者,通常是物,回答“做什么”“是什么”的问题。
2.句型转换
双宾语句型可借助介词 to 或 for 改写,将间接宾语后置,改写后意义不变。
用to的情况:动词强调“把某物传递/给予某人”,常见动词:give, show, send, pass, tell, teach
give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.
例:He gave me a pen. = He gave a pen to me.
用for的情况:动词强调“为某人做/买某物”,常见动词:buy, make, cook
buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.
例:My mom made me a cake. = My mom made a cake for me.
重点03 主谓宾宾补
知识精讲
谓语动词是 复合宾语及物动词,这类动词后接一个宾语后,意义仍不完整,需要再加一个成分(宾语补足语OC),补充说明宾语的状态、动作、身份或特征,才能让句子意思完整。
一、重点复合宾语动词
1. 使役动词:make(使)、let(让)、have(使)
2. 感官动词:see(看见)、watch(观看)、hear(听见)
3. 其他动词:keep(保持)、find(发现)、want(想要)、ask(要求)
二、关键语法规则
(1) 宾语和宾语补足语的逻辑关系
宾语和宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,可以理解为“宾语+宾补=一个完整的简单句”。
例:We keep the classroom clean.
→ 逻辑上可以说:The classroom is clean(成立)。
例:The teacher made him stand up.
→ 逻辑上可以说:He stood up(成立)。
(2) 使役/感官动词的特殊用法(易错点)
主动语态中:make, let, have 以及 see, watch, hear 后接不定式作宾补时,要省略to。
✅ The boss made him work 10 hours a day.(省略to)
❌ The boss made him to work 10 hours a day.
被动语态中:原来省略的 to 必须还原。
例:He was made to work 10 hours a day.(被动语态,to还原)
(3) 宾语补足语的常见形式
形容词:keep sth. tidy;find sb. happy
动词原形:see sb. run;let sb. go
介词短语:find him in the library
名词:call him Tom
主谓双宾
主谓宾宾补
宾语数量
两个宾语(人+物)
一个宾语+一个宾补
逻辑关系
无逻辑主谓关系
宾语和宾补之间有逻辑主谓关系
改写标志
可用to/for改写间接宾语后置
不能用to/for改写
核心判断
去掉一个宾语,句子仍能说通
去掉宾补,句子意义不完整
判断例题:
1. She gave me a book. → 双宾句(去掉me,She gave a book. 仍通顺;可用to改写)
2. She made me happy. → 宾补句(去掉happy,She made me. 意义不完整;me和happy有逻辑主谓关系:I am happy)
好题精练
写出划线部分在句子中所作的成分,宾语用O表示,直接宾语用DO表示,间接宾语用IO表示,宾语补足语用OC表示。
1.We made Yiming monitor of our class.
2.Mum bought me some stickers.
3.The news made us excited.
4.We found the idea creative.
5.She ordered her friend some pizza.
6.He gave me a present.
7.They painted the wall red.
8.We named our invention “Solar Power Buddy”.
1.O;OC 2.IO;DO 3.O;OC 4.O;OC 5.IO;DO 6.IO;DO 7.O;OC 8.O;OC
【解析】1.句意:我们选一鸣当我们班的班长。We是主语,made是谓语,Yiming是宾语,monitor of our class是宾语补足语。故填O;OC。
2.句意:妈妈给我买了一些贴纸。Mum是主语,bought是谓语,me是间接宾语,some stickers是直接宾语。故填IO;DO。
3.句意:这消息使我们很兴奋。The news是主语,made是谓语,us是宾语,excited是宾语补足语。故填O;OC。
4.句意:我们觉得这个主意很有创意。We是主语,found是谓语,the idea是宾语,creative是宾语补足语。故填O;OC。
5.句意:她给她的朋友点了一些披萨。She是主语,ordered是谓语,her friend是间接宾语,some pizza是直接宾语。故填IO;DO。
6.句意:他给了我一份礼物。He是主语,gave是谓语,me是间接宾语,a present是直接宾语。故填IO;DO。
7.句意:他们把墙漆成红色。They是主语,painted是谓语,the wall是宾语,red是宾语补足语。故填O;OC。
8.句意:我们把我们的发明命名为“太阳能伙伴”。We是主语,named是谓语,our invention是宾语,“Solar Power Buddy”是宾语补足语。故填O;OC。
9.D
【详解】句意:在句子“Her hard work made her a successful scientist.”中,短语a successful scientist的语法功能是补语。
考查句子成分。在“make+宾语+补语”结构中,补语用于补充说明宾语的身份、状态等。此处a successful scientist补充说明her的身份,因此属于补语。故选D。
10.A
【详解】句意:我们应该尽最大努力保持地球清洁。
考查形容词作宾语补足语。clean清洁的;to clean清扫,不定式;cleaned打扫,过去分词和过去式;cleaning打扫,现在分词。keep sth.+adj.“保持某物处于某种状态”,是固定搭配,A项符合。故选A。
11.C
【详解】句意:在句子“我们叫这个小女孩桑迪。”中,画线部分是宾语补足语。
考查句子成分。IO间接宾语;DO直接宾语;OC宾语补足语;P表语。分析句子结构,句子“We call the little girl Sandy.”是采用了“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”的句型,Sandy是宾语补足语。故选C。
真题感知
1.(2023.上海中考模拟)The Reader of CCTV is quite a good program. It is really worth ________.
A.watch B.watches C.to watch D.watching
2.(2022.上海中考模拟)In the sentence “Her hard work made her a successful scientist,” what is the grammatical function of the phrase “a successful scientist”?
A.Subject 主语 B.Direct Object 直接宾语
C.Indirect Object 间接宾语 D.Complement 补语
3.(2024.上海中考模拟)We should do our best to keep our Earth ________.
A.clean B.to clean C.cleaned D.cleaning
4.(2023.上海中考模拟)The experiments showed on the screen made all the students ________ the theory clearly.
A.understood B.understanding C.understand D.to understand
1.D
【详解】句意:中央电视台的《朗读者》是一个很好的节目。它确实值得一看。
考查动名词的用法。watch 看(原形);watches(三单);to watch(动词不定式);watching(动名词)。结合句意,上文提到quite a good program(一个很好的节目),因此本处是“值得一看”之意。be worth doing意为“值得……”。故选D。
2.D
【详解】句意:在句子“Her hard work made her a successful scientist.”中,短语a successful scientist的语法功能是补语。
考查句子成分。在“make+宾语+补语”结构中,补语用于补充说明宾语的身份、状态等。此处a successful scientist补充说明her的身份,因此属于补语。故选D。
3.A
【详解】句意:我们应该尽最大努力保持地球清洁。
考查形容词作宾语补足语。clean清洁的;to clean清扫,不定式;cleaned打扫,过去分词和过去式;cleaning打扫,现在分词。keep sth.+adj.“保持某物处于某种状态”,是固定搭配,A项符合。故选A。
4.C
【详解】句意:屏幕上显示的实验使所有的学生都清楚地理解了这个理论。
考查无to不定式作宾语补足语。根据句中“made all the students”可知,make是使役动词,此处是make sb. do sth.,表示“使某人做某事”,所以使用动词原形understand。故选C。
5.(2024.上海中考模拟)A person must not take the things that don’ t belong to . (he)
6.(2024.上海中考模拟)Mr. Smith’s response to the news made Jerry how bad the situation was. (realize)
7.(2024.上海中考模拟)Planning your day in advance can help you time and stay organized. (safe)
8.(2024.上海中考模拟)School projects and group activities . (帮助学生们相互联系)
9.(2024.上海中考模拟)Trains make travelling fast, safe and . (convenience)
10.(2024.上海中考模拟)Do you have any ideas for making rail travel more interesting and ? (attract)
5.him
【详解】句意:一个人不能拿走不属于他的东西。根据句子成分分析可知,此空在定语从句中作宾语,结合句意可知,此空应填“he”对应的人称代词宾格“him”作宾语,表示“他”的意思。故填him。
6.realize
【详解】句意:史密斯先生对这条消息的回应让杰里意识到情况有多糟糕。结合句意和提示单词可知,此处“make”是使役动词,后接不带to的不定式(即动词原形)作宾语补足语,意为“使某人做某事”。故填realize。
7.save
【详解】句意:提前规划你的一天可以帮助你节约时间并保持有条理。根据“help you ... time and stay organized”可知help后接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,此处指“节约时间”,save“节约,节省”符合。故填save。
8.help students connect with each other
【详解】句意:学校项目和小组活动帮助学生相互联系。help sb do sth“帮助某人做某事”,句子是一般现在时,主语是复数,动词用原形;students“学生们”;connect with sb“和某人联系”;each other“互相”。故填help students connect with each other。
9.convenient
【详解】句意:火车使出行快速、安全、方便。根据“fast, safe and”可知,空处需填入形容词作宾补,与“fast, safe”词性保持一致。convenient“方便的”。故填convenient。
10.attractive
【详解】句意:你有什么可以让铁路旅行更有趣、更吸引人的想法吗?attract“吸引”,动词。根据make+sb./sth.+adj.意为“使某人/某物怎么样”可知,空处用所给词的形容词attractive“有吸引力的”,在句中作宾语补足语。故填attractive。
11.(2024.上海中考模拟)Cindy didn’t come to school because she was seriously ill yesterday. (保持句意基本不变)
Cindy didn’t come to school because her serious yesterday.
12.(2023.上海中考模拟)not, football, street, police, told, the, the, the, in, children, to , play (连词成句)
.
13.(2024.广西中考)great fun, found, through hard work, I, to achieve something, it
.
14.(2024.广西中考)protect,enjoy,let’s,living,the,better,on,environment,Earth,and,the,a,life(连词成句)
.
15.(2024.广西中考)I often see he plays basketball in the playground. (保持句意不变)
I often see basketball in the playground.
11. of illness
【详解】句意:辛迪昨天病得很重,所以没来上学。保持句意基本不变,“because+从句”可替换为“because of+名词”结构,所以第一空填of;ill的名词是illness,表示“疾病”。故填of;illness。
12.The police told the chilren not to play football in the street
【详解】根据所给标点可知,该句为陈述句。分析所给单词,The police作主语,句首首字母大写;told作谓语;the chilidren作宾语,not to play football作宾语补足语,“tell sb. not to do sth.”意为“告诉某人不要做某事”;in the street介词短语作状语。故填The police told the chilren not to play football in the street“警察告诉孩子们不要在街上踢足球”。
13.I found it great fun to achieve something through hard work
【详解】根据参考词汇和标点提示可知,句子为陈述句肯定形式,主语为I,谓语为found“发现”,后接形式宾语it,真正的宾语为动词不定式to achieve something表示“取得成就”,因不定式有宾语补足语great fun表示“很有趣”,动词不定式需位于宾语补足语之后,through hard work表示“通过努力工作”位于句末,作方式状语。故填I found it great fun to achieve something through hard work“我发现通过努力工作取得成就很有趣”。
14.Let’s protect the environment and enjoy living a better life on the Earth
【详解】根据所给标点符号“.”和“let’s”可知该句为let型祈使句。let’s首字母大写位于句首,protect the environment为省略to的不定式作宾语补足语,后接连词and,连接另一个省略to的不定式enjoy living a better life,on the Earth作地点状语。故答案为:Let’s protect the environment and enjoy living a better life on the Earth“让我们保护环境,享受地球上更好的生活”。
15. him play
【详解】句意:我经常看到他在操场上打篮球。结合英文提示,可知考查固定搭配see sb. do/doing sth.“看见某人做/正在做某事”,“看到他打篮球”是经常性的动作,而不是某一时刻看见的,所以用搭配“see him play”符合题意,故填him;play。
综合提升练
一、单项选择
1.Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?
A.定语 B.表语 C.主语 D.宾语
【答案】D
【详解】句意:您能告诉我洗手间在哪里吗?
考查句子成分。根据“Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?”可知,“where the restrooms are”是由where引导的宾语从句,充当动词tell的宾语。故选D。
2.You helped to make it possible for me to have the dog. 划线部分在句中作________。
A.真正宾语 B.宾语补足语 C.定语
【答案】A
【详解】句意:You helped to make it possible for me to have the dog. 划线部分在句中作真正宾语。
考查句子成分。根据“You helped to make it possible for me to have the dog.”可知,本句使用it作形式宾语,动词不定式作真正的宾语,故选A。
3.We should care for the old people.
A.宾语 B.补语 C.定语 D.状语
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我们应该关心老人。
考查句子成分。根据“We should care for the old people.”可知,the old people作care for的宾语。故选A。
4.Did you see the funny movie last night?
A.主语 B.表语 C.宾语 D.定语
【答案】C
【详解】句意:你昨晚看那部有趣的电影了吗?
考查句子成分。分析句子可知,the funny movie在句中作谓语动词see的宾语,故选C。
5.Then I prepare my school bag for the next day.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.谓语 D.定语
【答案】A
【详解】句意:然后我为第二天准备我的书包。
考查句子成分。prepare是动词,所以my school bag是作宾语。故选A。
6.Instead of finishing his chemistry homework, Terry wanted to spend his birthday money at the mall, ________ and eat pizza at the food court.
A.see a movie at the theatre
B.planning to see a movie at the theatre
C.he planned to see a movie at the theatre
【答案】A
【详解】句意:Terry想用生日礼金在商场购物、在影院看电影,并在美食广场吃披萨,而不是完成他的化学作业。
考查并列结构。see a movie at the theatre去电影院看电影;planning to see a movie at the theatre打算去电影院看电影;he planned to see a movie at the theatre他计划去剧院看电影。根据“Terry wanted to spend his birthday money at the mall...and eat pizza at the food court”可知,空白处需要填入一个与“spend”和“eat”语法形式一致的动词短语,以保持句子结构平行。故选A。
7.Who did you discuss the problem with in class? The underlined part is the same as _________.
Who is interested in this story most in your family?
A.Who B.is C.this story D.in your family
【答案】C
【详解】句意:你在课堂上和谁讨论了这个问题?你们家里谁对这个故事最感兴趣?第一句中划线部分“Who”与第二句中划线部分“this story”相同。
考查句子结构。在“Who is interested in this story most in your family?”这个句子中“Who”为疑问词;“is”系动词;“this story”为介词宾语;“in your family”状语。因此,原句中划线部分“Who”作介词宾语,与“this story”中是一样的。故选C。
8.Miss Li teaches ________ English.
A.our B.we C.us D.ours
【答案】C
【详解】句意:李老师教我们英语。
考查代词词义辨析。our我们的;we我们;us我们;ours我们的。结合句意可知,空格处单词在句中作宾语,因此人称代词要用宾格。故选C。
9.—Can I help you, dear?
—Yeah. I don’t know ________ a banana milk shake. Maybe you can teach me.
A.what to do B.when to make C.how to make D.why to do
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我能帮助你吗?亲爱的。——可以。我不知道如何做香蕉奶昔。也许你能够教我。
考查宾语。what to do做什么;when to make何时做;how to make怎样做;why to do为何做。根据后文“Maybe you can teach me”可知是不知道做的方式,应该用how,故选C。
10.—Will the box be _____________?
—Maybe, but someone will help me.
A.too heavy for you to carry B.too heavy for you to carry it
C.so heavy for you to carry it D.so heavy for you to carry
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——这个箱子会不会太重,你搬不动?——也许吧,但是有人会帮我的。
考查固定搭配。too+形容词+to do,表示“太……而不能……”;so+形容词/副词+that从句,表示“如此……以至于……”,故排除C、D两项。动词carry的逻辑宾语是前面的主语“the box”,故此处carry后不接宾语。故选A。
11. —What’s this in English?
—It’s .
A.P-E-N B.His pen C.a pen D.an pen
【答案】C
【详解】试题分析:句意:——这个用英语怎么说?——它是pen。
pen是以辅音音素[p]开头,其前用不定冠词a。故选C。
考点:考查名词。
12.Miss Gu teaches ______ English this term. We love ______ very much..
A.our, he B.us, she C.our, him D.us, her
【答案】D
【详解】句意:顾老师这个学期教我们英语,我们都非常喜欢她。
考查代词。Teach sb sth 跟双宾语,第一空用宾格us;love后跟宾语,用her。选D。
13.Can you help me ________ my new pen? I can’t find it.
A.look for B.looking for C.look after D.looking after
【答案】A
【详解】句意:你能帮我找找我的新钢笔吗?我找不到它了。
考查动词短语和非谓语动词。look for寻找;look after照顾。根据句意可知,钢笔找不到了,“寻找”符合语境。“help sb. (to) do sth.”意为“帮助某人做某事”,动词不定式中的to可省略。故选A。
14.It’s 8:30 in the evening. Let’s ________ the tennis game on TV.
A.watches B.watching C.watch
【答案】C
【详解】句意:现在是晚上8点半。让我们看电视上的网球比赛吧。
考查非谓语动词。let sb do sth“让某人做某事”,不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,故选C。
15.— Do you often hear the girls ?
— Yes. And I heard them when I passed their classroom just now.
A.sing; to sing B.singing; sing
C.sing; singing D.singing; to sing
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—— 你经常听到这些女孩子们唱歌吗?—— 是的。当我经过她们的教室时,我听到她们正在唱歌。
考查固定搭配。hear sb. do sth.表示“经常听见某人做某事”;hear sb. doing sth.表示“听见某人正在做某事,强调动作正在发生。” 根据“often”一词可知,第一空用动词原形;其次根据“when I passed their classroom just now”可知,主句动作正在进行,所以第二空用现在分词形式。故选C。
16.The office worker noticed a man ________ into the company.
A.went B.to go C.going D.goes
【答案】C
【详解】句意:办公室职员注意到一个人走进公司。
考查感官动词用法。notice“注意到”为感官动词,其中notice sb do sth注意到某人做了某事,强调事情的全过程;notice sb doing sth注意到某人正在做某事,强调事情正在进行。结合语境可知,办公室职员注意到一个人正走进公司,故此处应用动词的ing形式。故选C。
17.While I was walking along the river, I saw some fish out of the water.
A.are jumping B.jumping C.jumped D.to jump
【答案】B
【详解】句意:当我沿着河边走的时候,我看到一些鱼从水里跳出来。
考查非谓语动词。are jumping现在进行时;jumping动名词,现在分词;jumped过去式;to jump动词不定式;see sb. do 看见某人做某事,强调看到整个过程;see sb. doing 看见某人正在做某事;根据“While I was walking along the river”可知当我沿着河边走的时候,此处是正在做什么,所以用doing,故选B。
18.Tom saw a policeman ______ after a thief in the street this morning.
A.running B.run C.to run D.ran
【答案】A
【详解】句意:汤姆今早在街上看见一个警察正追着一个小偷跑。
考查现在分词作宾补。running动名词;run动词原形;to run动词不定式;ran动词过去式。分析句子可知,此处构成see sb doing sth结构,表示“看到某人正在做某事”,故选A。
19.—Where's your brother, Tina?
—I saw him_________the trees in the garden when I passed by just now.
A.waters B.watered C.watering D.to water
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你弟弟在哪儿,蒂娜?——我刚才路过时看见他正在花园里给树浇水。
考查宾语补足语。根据see sb. do 看见某人经常做某事,它的语句环境是“主语对象”完整的目睹了某人做某事的全过程,强调了“主语对象”对该事件的完整了解性;see sb. doing 看见某人正在做某事,它的语句环境是“主语对象”恰巧看到了某人正在实施某事,强调的是看见的这么一个动作,是一个瞬间发生的事情。分析句子可知是恰巧看到,所以用doing,故选C。
20.Let’s ________ football this Sunday.
A.to play B.playing C.play D.plays
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。Let后接不带to的不定式,作宾语补足语。let’s do sth意思是让我们一起做某事。表示建议。故选C。
二、选词填空
21.My brother is funny. He always makes me (大笑).
【答案】laugh
【详解】句意:我的哥哥很有趣。他总是让我大笑。laugh“大笑”,make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”,是固定搭配。故填laugh。
22.I often see the child (watch) short videos on the smartphone. It’s bad for his eyes.
【答案】watch
【详解】句意:我经常看到那个孩子在智能手机上看短视频。这对他的眼睛不好。根据“often”可知,这是经常性的行为,应用see sb. do sth.“看到某人做某事”来表示,因此应用动词原形(不带to的不定式)“watch”,作宾语补足语。故填watch。
23.Everyone should do their part to keep the classroom (clean).
【答案】clean
【详解】句意:每个人都应该尽自己的一份力量保持教室的清洁。根据“Everyone should do their part to keep the classroom... .”以及所给单词可知,应填形容词clean“清洁的”,作宾语补足语,表示保持教室的清洁。故填clean。
24.We have such a nice neighbourhood. We should keep it (look) nice.
【答案】looking
【详解】句意:我们有这么好的一个社区。我们应该保持它看起来很好。keep意为“保持”,后面可以接形容词或现在分词作宾语补足语。look意为“看起来”,是动词原形。look的现在分词形式为looking。故填looking。
25.Simon’s laptop is broken. He will have someone (repair) it.
【答案】repair
【详解】句意:西蒙的笔记本电脑坏了。他会让人修理它。根据“have someone...”可知,此处考查“have sb do sth”这一固定结构,表示“让某人做某事”,其中sb是have的宾语,而do sth是省略to的不定式短语作宾语补足语。repair“修理”,动词,符合此处语法结构。故填repair。
26.This weekend, the volunteers will help the old people (tidy) their flats.
【答案】tidy/to tidy
【详解】句意:这个周末,志愿者们将帮助老人们整理他们的公寓。help sb. (to) to sth“帮助某人做某事”。故填(to) tidy。
27.He burned your farm down to make you (sell) it.
【答案】sell
【详解】句意:他烧毁了你的农场,逼你卖掉它。sell意为“出售”,是个动词,make sb. do sth.意为“使某人做某事”,省略了to的不定式作宾补,故填sell。
28.In Beijing, many people go to Tian’anmen Square to watch the national flag (国旗) (rise).
【答案】rise
【详解】句意:在北京,许多人去天安门广场观看国旗升起。感官动词watch后面跟省略to的不定式作宾补,watch sb./sth. do sth.“观看某人/物做某事”。故填rise。
29.Hello! I am a travel agent. Let’s i some cities to you.
【答案】(i)ntroduce
【详解】句意:你好!我是一名旅行社经纪人。让我们为您介绍一些城市。由“some cities to you”和所给首字母可知,此空表示介绍,introduce“介绍”,“Let’s”后接动词原形。故填(i)ntroduce。
30.Your sister is writing a letter to (介绍) herself now. Please be quiet.
【答案】introduce
【详解】句意:你妹妹正在写信自我介绍。请安静。根据“Your sister is writing a letter to…herself now. Please be quiet.”及汉语提示可知,此处指的是妹妹正在写信介绍自己,introduce“介绍”,不定式符号to后跟动词原形。故填introduce。
31.He used a set of lights (decorate) the tree.
【答案】to decorate
【详解】句意:他用一组灯来装饰这棵树。根据“He used a set of lights…the tree.”可知,考查句式use sth to do sth表示“用……做……”,应用动词不定式结构。故填to decorate。
32.Let Jack (go) home now. It’s too late.
【答案】go
【详解】句意:现在让Jack回家。太晚了。let sb do sth表示“让某人做某事”。故填go。
33.Your dress is so beautiful. It makes you (look) slim.
【答案】look
【详解】句意:你的裙子真漂亮。它让你看起来很苗条。make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”,用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填look。
34.Underground makes our lives more c . We can go to different places in the city by underground.
【答案】(c)onvenient
【详解】句意:地铁使我们的生活更方便。我们可以乘地铁去城市的不同地方。根据“Underground makes our lives more ... We can go to different places in the city by underground.”可知,地铁使我们的生活更方便,用形容词convenient在句中作宾语补足语,故填(c)onvenient。
35.As an excellent teacher, I should always keep my students (interest) in different subjects.
【答案】interested
【详解】句意:作为一名出色的教师,我应该使我的学生对不同的科目都感兴趣。句中“keep”意为“保持”,其常用法为“keep sb.+ adj.”意为。interest名词,兴趣。此处修饰人,应使用interested,感兴趣的。故填interested。
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