寒假作业09 必修一、二完形填空（巩固培优）高一英语译林版

限时练习：45min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业09 必修一、二 完形填空 完形填空考查学生在阅读理解基础上运用词汇知识的能力。在一篇220-300词的短文中留出15个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺，前后连贯，结构完整。以记叙文为主，兼顾夹叙夹议文，偶有议论文和说明文。记叙文以记叙为主，但一般会在文章结尾处有文章寓意等提升的议论色彩的文字。文章注重原汁原味，内容积极，贴近考生生活，传播知识，传递正能量，可读性较强。 1.记叙文 记叙文是完形填空常考的体裁，可分为叙事和记人两种形式，主要包括幽默故事，名人传记，事件叙述等。文章的选材大都是学生熟悉的话题，能够传递正能量，弘扬社会主义核心价值观，读后能带来心灵的启迪。文章大多原汁原味，语言地道，注重思想性和教育性，体现《普通高中英语课程标准》所强调的对学生英语学科核心素养的培养要求。记叙文完形以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅；大量使用动词；适当出现直接引语。 技巧点拨 (1)读透首句，掌握主旨；关注末段，注意感想 重视首句，了解短文话题，明确叙述角度。叙述角度多为第一人称或第三人称。第一人称从“自我参与”的角度进行叙述，从字里行间可读出作者对人物、事物或景色的情感态度。第三人称从“旁观者”的角度客观地记人、叙事、状物。最后一段通常是作者的有感而发、心理体验或经验教训等。记叙文的最终目的是借助叙事来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪。因此要认真体会作者的写作目的，抓住文章的主旨。 (2)跳空速读全文，理清写作顺序，明确写作要素 跳过空格，快速阅读，领会大意，把握中心。从整体上把握文章的叙述顺序和写作要素。作者往往采用顺叙、倒叙或插叙等方法进行叙述。基本的写作要素包括事情发生的时间(when)、地点(where)、事件的内容(what)、人物(who)、原因(why)等。弄清了这些要素也就基本上抓住了文章的主体，理解了整篇文章。 (3)身临其境，故事重构 做题时可采用“角色渗透法”，即假设自己是文中的角色会有什么感受、做出怎样的选择等，走进作者思维，深入理解文章的含义，体验作者的心情以及观点和态度等，这样才能对故事或事件有一个贴切的把握，同时要结合文化背景知识和生活常识。 (4)浏览全文，复查核定 根据记叙文的线索，考生一定要进行回查，仔细推敲，校正全文，使故事恢复原貌。检查要点包括语意是否前后一致；上下文是否通顺连贯，内容是否完整；所选词汇是否符合语法、句法结构以及文化背景知识和生活常识是否合理。 2.夹叙夹议文 此类的完形填空所选文章常常在平淡的故事中蕴含着丰富的哲理，作者既可以让读者从一个简单的故事中体会到生活的意义，又能引起作者对人生、生活、社会价值的思考及对人际关系等话题的自省反思。这类文章的组织方式一般有以下三种结构：事例一观点；观点一事例；观点一事例一观点。 技巧点拨 (1)关注首尾，把握主旨大意 这里的“首尾”包括(语篇的)首段尾段、(段落的)首句尾句。通过首句/首段可明确文章话题，了解篇章结构，窥一斑而知全豹(把握主旨大意，即“文意”)。尾句往往是作者的点睛之笔，通过尾段/尾句一般可以更加真实、确切地体会到作者的写作意图、对待事件的真实态度等核心内容。 (2)抓住主线，理清情节发展 抓住故事的主线(篇章的“文脉”和段落的“文脉”)，顺着这些主线，理清短文各段情节发展的脉络。考生要关注写人叙事的方法(对比、强调、举例、解释、递进等等)，结合文章的结构特点，依据衔接词来正确理解故事情节的发展。 (3)注重语境，理解行文逻辑 夹叙夹议文以叙述为主，大部分篇幅在描述人物、事件，作者的观点及态度有时就隐含在其中；少部分篇幅发表议论，议论部分与叙述部分衔接紧密、逻辑严谨(通过“文法”来体现)。这就要求考生增强语篇逻辑意识，弄清文章内在逻辑关系，根据上下文内容，并适当进行逻辑推理来做出选择。 3.说明文 说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。其主要特点为：1.作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提；2.一般按一定的顺序展开，理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义；3.往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂；4.一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律；5.讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。 技巧点拨 (1)快速掌握文章大意 对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。 (2)理清说明顺序 把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。 (3)把握文章的组织结构和事实细节 说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。 (4)注重上下文语境 对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服“思维定势”，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。 4. 议论文 议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章，主要是就某一主题，在摆出正反两方面观点的基础上，通过论证、推理、辩论等手段，试图让读者最终接受作者对这一主题的某种观点。议论文都是由论点、论据和论证这三个要素构成的，这也是一个提出问题—分析问题—解决问题的过程。 它的语言自然、客观、抽象、概括。 技巧点拨 (1)把握首段和首句完整的信息，把握全文的主旨大意 (2)把握作者的观点和态度 议论文往往体现作者对某一事物的观点，而作者的观点就是文章的论点。考生要把握作者的观点，把握作者对某一事物是褒还是贬，是赞成还是反对，而通常把握了作者的观点也就找准了文章的论点。 (3)结合论点、论据，找出正确选项 一般说来，能说明论据主要内容的答案可以在论点里得到印证，而论点里的某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来，使论点、论据形成相辅相成的关系，因而整个文章上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾，论据与论点相反，最后的结论与论点相矛盾，那么我们就要重新回过头来理顺文章的各个部分，直到清楚为止，这样才能选出正确答案。 (4)通篇阅读，围绕主题(论点)推敲有疑问的题目，并最终确定答案。 逐题按照文章的内容及语境选择完毕后，一篇完整的文章便呈现出来，此时，要注意一定要通读全文，以验证个别题目的答案是否与主题偏离，以求更高的准确度。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、记叙文 There have been times over the years when I have tried to leave Hailsham behind, when I have told myself I shouldn’t look back so much. But then there came a point when I just stopped resisting (反抗). It had to do with this particular donor (器官捐献者) I had once, in my third year as a carer, it was his 1 when I mentioned I was from Hailsham. He had just 2 his third donation, it hadn’t gone well, and he must have known that he wasn’t going to 3 . He could hardly breathe (呼吸), but he looked towards me and said: “Hailsham. I bet that was a (an) 4 place.” Then the next morning, when I was making conversation to keep his 5 off it all, and I asked 6 he had grown up, he mentioned some place in Dorset and his face went into a completely new kind of grimace (痛苦的表情). And I realized then how 7 he didn’t want to be reminded. 8 , he wanted to hear about, Hailsham. So over the next five or six days, I told him whatever he wanted to know, and he’d lie there, all 9 , a gentile smile breaking through. He’d ask me about the big things and the little things. About our guardians (看护人), about the football, the little path, the duck pond, the food, the view from the Art room over the fields on a foggy morning. Sometimes he’d make me say things 10 ; things I’d told him only the day before, he’d ask about like I’d 11 told him. “Did you have a pond?” “Which guardian (守门员) was your special favorite?” At first I thought this was just the drugs, but then I realized his mind was 12 enough. What he wanted was not just to 13 Hailsham, but to remember Hailsham, just like it had been his own childhood. He knew he was 14 to death and so that’s what he was doing: getting me to describe things to him, so they’d really sink in, so that maybe during those sleepless nights, with the drugs and the pain, the line would blur (变得模糊) between what were my 15 and what were his. 1．A．impression B．suggestion C．reaction D．recommendation 2．A．gone through B．come up with C．come across D．come down 3．A．get it B．mean it C．take it D．make it 4．A．unbearable B．ordinary C．beautiful D．orderly 5．A．hands B．mind C．eyes D．control 6．A．when B．where C．how D．whether 7．A．slightly B．hesitantly C．admittedly D．desperately 8．A．Instead B．Otherwise C．Moreover D．Therefore 9．A．interested B．shocked C．confused D．depressed 10．A．once and for all B．up and down C．over and over D．in no time 11．A．always B．never C．ever D．usually 12．A．clear B．simple C．peaceful D．absent 13．A．refer to B．hear about C．live in D．think of 14．A．far B．shocked C．close D．bored 15．A．descriptions B．imaginations C．ideas D．memories 二、夹叙夹议文 My colleagues and I have been teaching communication skills, and we talk about the power of words all the time. We think the words we use are at the heart of 1 , when everyone feels accepted, respected, and valued. Over the last twenty years, I have 2 thousands of people. I have heard some 3 of the following many times: “How can I get my boss/colleague to 4 me like I am part of the team?” I have met young people who are made to feel like 5 by their older colleagues, often because the experiences that are shared are about something that happened long ago. I have talked with older people who feel out of touch because their younger and more culturally-current colleagues 6 talk about new developments in technology that an older colleague is 7 to know. There are lots of ways we can make someone feel excluded and 8 . But often, in my experience, the words we use are a main 9 . The words have the power to make people feel included, but they also can make people feel 10 . So, the next time you are in a 11 of some kind, be 12 . If you are in a meeting of engineers and there is someone who doesn’t “speak engineering” the way the rest of you do, 13 using fewer technical terms. If you are in a party and are not 14 whether everyone “speaks football”, think about talking about another 15 of your weekend. 1．A．success B．parties C．inclusion D．sympathy 2．A．praised B．employed C．criticized D．coached 3．A．words B．choices C．questions D．suggestions 4．A．treat B．rescue C．admire D．follow 5．A．competitors B．outsiders C．researchers D．specialists 6．A．gradually B．rarely C．never D．constantly 7．A．hesitant B．unlikely C．afraid D．unwilling 8．A．unwelcome B．regretful C．envious D．disappointed 9．A．factor B．result C．change D．dream 10．A．worn out B．looked for C．cared for D．left out 11．A．contest B．gathering C．camp D．classroom 12．A．confident B．courageous C．thoughtful D．patient 13．A．imagine B．consider C．remember D．miss 14．A．worried B．curious C．pleased D．sure 15．A．element B．day C．person D．party 三、说明文 The Pop-up Igloo Polar bears are warm-blooded animals with heavy fat and fur that can survive in freezing Arctic temperatures. They have two types of fur—the long oily hairs and short thick hairs. By 1 the characteristics of these two hairs and their black skin underneath, the polar bears can keep themselves warm. 2 by polar bears, a team of students from the Royal Danish Academy designed a pop-up igloo(弹出式冰屋)—an emergency tent that might make survival in sub-zero areas much more manageable. Led by Henry Glogau, the team said that their design aims to 3 those lost or stranded in extreme conditions. With little visibility and no phone coverage, people may face severe 4 while waiting for rescue in cold polar areas. Rather than fight against the extreme conditions, the team looked to use them to its 5 . “Inspired by snow caves and the conventional winter-used tents, we treat snow as a(n) 6 material rather than a burden,” the team told Vigour Times website. The pop-up igloo adopts a mylar(聚酯薄膜) material, which works 7 to polar bears’ skin. Besides their thick fat and fur, polar bears have black skin underneath, which is ideal for absorbing rays from the Arctic sun to keep themselves warm. The mylar material gives 8 to its inhabitants in the same way by reflecting sunlight into the space inside the tent. The pop-up igloo also features an origami-like(像折纸的) design, which helps to 9 the snow and secure the tent. The origami pockets create areas where snow can 10 on the outside. It prevents heat from escaping from the tent, while holding the tent to the ground. Researchers ensured that the tent could withstand the weight of a 70kg human standing on top to remain 11 in extreme conditions. This adds another 12 layer to everything inside. The team put the tent through 13 testing for one month in Alaska to see its capability. The results showed that at 11.8 to 15 inches of snow cover, a 37℃ 14 in temperature between inside and outside could be maintained on average. In the future, the pop-up igloos could be 15 along hiking routes in cold areas like the Arctic, where they could be set up in seconds when needed. 1．A．gathering B．combining C．comparing D．distinguishing 2．A．Fascinated B．Encouraged C．Threatened D．Inspired 3．A．guide B．comfort C．shelter D．delight 4．A．danger B．boredom C．confusion D．damage 5．A．advantage B．challenge C．defence D．convenience 6．A．original B．novel C．creative D．building 7．A．efficiently B．closely C．similarly D．cleverly 8．A．rays B．light C．heat D．glow 9．A．estimate B．trap C．exclude D．dissolve 10．A．pile up B．melt down C．break down D．last out 11．A．concrete B．everlasting C．stable D．elegant 12．A．heavy B．protective C．external D．flexible 13．A．repetitive B．eventual C．general D．domestic 14．A．fall B．increase C．decline D．difference 15．A．exposed B．restored C．recycled D．placed 四、议论文 Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have 1 feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common 2 between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over 3 rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with the 4 . On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for 5 the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket. The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different 6 to these problems. However, some approaches are more 7 than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but 8 clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children’s 9 . On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the 10 of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to 11 their actions. Psychologists say that 12 is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parents should 13 to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may 14 their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a two-way process. It is only by listening to and 15 each other that problems between parents and children can be settled. 1. A. natural B. strong C. guilty D. similar 2. A. interest B. argument C. link D. knowledge 3. A. noisy B. crowded C. messy D. locked 4. A. homework B. housework C. problem D. research 5. A. washing B. using C. dropping D. replacing 6. A. approaches B. contributions C. introductions D. attitudes 7. A. complex B. popular C. scientific D. successful 8. A. later B. deliberately C. seldom D. thoroughly 9. A. behavior B. taste C. future D. nature 10. A. failures B. changes C. consequences D. thrills 11. A. defend B. delay C. repeat D. reconsider 12. A. communication B. bond C. friendship D. trust 13. A. reply B. attend C. attach D. talk 14. A. hate B. scold C. frighten D. stop 15. A. loving B. observing C. understanding D. praising 1、 学校生活 When I first entered university, my aunt, who is an English professor, gave me a new English dictionary and advised me to use it. I was 1 to see that it was an English-English dictionary, also known as a monolingual(单语的) dictionary. Although it was a dictionary intended for non-native learners, none of my classmates had one and, to be honest, I found it extremely 2 to use at first. I would 3 words in the dictionary but still could not fully understand the meanings. I was used to the 4 English-Chinese dictionaries, in which the words are 5 both in English and Chinese. I really wondered why my aunt gave me such 6 to make things so difficult for me. Now, I understand that monolingual dictionaries are 7 in learning a foreign language. As I 8 , there is, in fact, often no perfect equivalent(对应物) between two 9 in two languages. My aunt even 10 that even a Chinese “equivalent” can never give you the 11 meaning of the word in English! Therefore, she insisted that I read the definition of a word in a monolingual dictionary when I wanted to get a better 12 of its meaning. Gradually, I have come to see what she 13 . Using a monolingual dictionary has helped me in another important way. This dictionary uses a(n) 14 number of words, around 2,000, in its definitions. When I read these definitions, I am 15 exposed (接触) to the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas. Because of this, I can express myself more easily in English. 1．A．worried B．sad C．surprised D．nervous 2．A．difficult B．interesting C．important D．practical 3．A．set up B．look up C．pick up D．take up 4．A．new B．familiar C．informed D．confusing 5．A．explained B．expressed C．described D．created 6．A．appreciation B．courage C．advice D．power 7．A．more natural B．better C．more convenient D．easier 8．A．checked out B．broke out C．found out D．turned out 9．A．words B．names C．ideas D．characters 10．A．hoped B．declared C．complained D．dreamt 11．A．exact B．basic C．translated D．expected 12．A．understanding B．practice C．expression D．consideration 13．A．wanted B．preferred C．meant D．suffered 14．A．extra B．average C．total D．limited 15．A．repeatedly B．nearly C．immediately D．anxiously 2、 亲子关系 On New Year’s Day, my 13-year-old son Mike broke his leg while skiing. Honestly speaking, it was no more than another 1 in the past five years. My family had suffered a lot and we had 2 that spending time outside together in winter would bring great fun and lead us through the pandemic. Thus, I wouldn’t let this accident leave my kids in low 3 — I wanted to 4 the very best of better plans. At dinner on a Tuesday, it came to me. In the coming springtime, I announced, we would have a family roller disco party in the house. My children looked up, their 5 hanging open like caught fish — they were 6 . I knew I was supposed to provide more 7 . I said, “When Mike recovers, we will order roller skates and rainbow strobe lights to decorate our doorways, push the furniture to the side and have a roller disco party.” Later that day, my youngest son wore his roller skates and 8 the news when he joined a Zoom call with his third-grade class. Unfortunately, 9 he could finish announcing the news, he slipped and fell, breaking our computer. He was all right but we 10 bought a new computer. 11 , the accident didn’t affect us much, for the party gave us something to look forward to and kept us entertained. It may not have happened yet, but the 12 and joy that we experienced while 13 for it have been worth it. That was the 14 . Over the course of all the planning and excitement, the broken leg and computer, I knew that even in the 15 of times, there is always something to look forward to. 1．A．ache B．challenge C．ceremony D．adventure 2．A．hoped B．discovered C．explored D．proved 3．A．mood B．benefit C．spirits D．abilities 4．A．part with B．come up with C．put up with D．stick to 5．A．eyes B．heads C．faces D．mouths 6．A．moved B．inspired C．surprised D．impressed 7．A．details B．benefits C．choices D．examples 8．A．stressed B．shared C．celebrated D．updated 9．A．after B．when C．until D．before 10．A．eventually B．frequently C．typically D．immediately 11．A．Therefore B．Besides C．Still D．Despite 12．A．expectation B．tension C．memory D．change 13．A．searching B．preparing C．accounting D．apologizing 14．A．beginning B．difference C．point D．answer 15．A．shortest B．happiest C．simplest D．toughest 3、 人际关系—友谊 When I was in the seventh and eighth grade, I had to face one of my greatest fears — rejection (拒绝) by friends. It was a time when three of the most important 1 that my parents had taught me throughout my life came into use. My classmates put my sense of loyalty, friendship, and 2 to the test. Our class consisted of 31 students who had 3 each other since the first grade. In junior high, most of us had chosen groups of friends that we 4 to hang out with during our free time. I soon found that the majority of our 5 began to make fun of my best friend and spread what weren’t true around the rest of the school. I didn’t want to have the same people 6 me, but I knew that I couldn’t just sit back and let my best friend deal with this 7 . Every day I would think about my 8 , knowing that he was getting more and more 9 as time went by. I soon decided to talk to my mother about it, since she is 10 a second mother to my friend. Her advice was to be 11 and remain loyal (忠诚) to him. She told me that 12 is one of the most important things in life that helps a person 13 . My mother told me to have courage and 14 for my friend, even if it meant risking my own 15 . 1．A．values B．rules C．lessons D．methods 2．A．knowledge B．courage C．wisdom D．duty 3．A．missed B．married C．known D．forgotten 4．A．preferred B．invited C．protected D．recommended 5．A．family B．class C．school D．team 6．A．defeating B．following C．cheating D．joking 7．A．hurriedly B．secretly C．selfishly D．alone 8．A．father B．searcher C．friend D．neighbor 9．A．nervous B．careless C．unhappy D．unfriendly 10．A．like B．with C．against D．after 11．A．hardworking B．brave C．silent D．optimistic 12．A．friendship B．determination C．cleverness D．health 13．A．study B．survive C．think D．grow 14．A．come back B．watch out C．get away D．stand up 15．A．money B．reputation C．business D．life 四、健康—减肥 I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was 1______. I worried about my weight and tried every new 2______ I read about online. I tried no-fat, low-fat, 5:2, only bananas, no bananas—I almost went bananas, too. Then I read an article that said instead of asking "Am I fat?" I should be asking "Am I 3______?" I had no idea a letter could make such a 4______! Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight, things began to 5______. Instead of saying "I want to lose three kilos", I would say "I want to run two kilometres in eight minutes" or "I want to be able to do 30 6______". Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed, I 7______ healthy foods to my meals. I could still have a burger now and then, but I would add a salad or an apple. Finally, I stopped 8______ myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body. Instead, I made a list of the things I liked about myself. By being 9______ about myself and my body, I became both happier and 10______. It's not easy to change your mindset, but it's worth it. Focusing on fitness rather than weight makes me feel more confident. I no longer worry about my appearance too much, 11______ I pay more attention to my health. I often exercise to keep fit, 12______ running and doing push-ups. These activities make me feel energetic every day. I also learn to accept my body 13______ it is. Nobody is perfect, and we should love ourselves first. 14______ you start to care about fitness and be positive, you will find life becomes more beautiful. Don't let the pressure of looking slim 15______ you feel bad about yourself. 1. A. possible B. impossible C. easy D. hard 2. A. diet B. sport C. book D. game 3. A. fat B. thin C. fit D. tall 4. A. problem B. difference C. mistake D. noise 5. A. change B. stop C. stay D. end 6. A. runs B. jumps C. push-ups D. walks 7. A. took B. added C. threw D. cut 8. A. comparing B. helping C. asking D. fighting 9. A. negative B. positive C. worried D. angry 10. A. unhealthier B. healthier C. sadder D. busier 11. A. and B. but C. so D. or 12. A. such as B. instead of C. because of D. thanks to 13. A. as B. like C. for D. with 14. A. If B. Unless C. Though D. Because 15. A. make B. let C. get D. have 4、 电影 Andrew DeGraff has been working as an illustrator (插画师) for over 15 years. He makes detailed, fancy maps that outline the movements of main 1 in movies. DeGraff thinks illustrating everything that happens in a movie on one page is 2 to playing Tetris (俄罗斯方块) . “The work is 3 because I need lots of time to make sure everything 4 perfectly.” he says. At first, DeGraff got a task to make a map for a travel article. Then he thought about 5 other things. He wished to build little movie worlds thinking it would be 6 . He started with movies that 7 him. As a child of the 80s, he loves Star Wars, so he 8 a single huge map of the first six Star Wars films. Now it has been 9 in his big illustrated book called Cinemaps. An Atlas of 35 Great Movies. DeGraff uses a kind of watercolor paint called gouache. Once it’s on the paper, it won’t come off. so there’s no room for 10 . Also, making geographical sense of movies 11 means watching each movie between 10 and 30 times. DeGraff starts by writing down where all the main characters go. Next, he connects all the places and scenes together. After that, he maps out the 12 on a big piece of paper, which often takes several failed attempts before he eventually 13 a final design. Once he has got all the important factors under 14 , he is ready to paint. 15 each of the maps requires a great amount of effort. DeGraff loves making them and gets pleasure from his work. 1．A．storytellers B．dialogues C．directors D．characters 2．A．similar B．important C．strange D．beneficial 3．A．satisfying B．interesting C．challenging D．moving 4．A．gets around B．works out C．falls apart D．rises up 5．A．writing B．selling C．mapping D．sharing 6．A．enjoyable B．acceptable C．educational D．shocking 7．A．frightened B．calmed C．bored D．attracted 8．A．created B．chose C．bought D．copied 9．A．hidden B．collected C．translated D．studied 10．A．doubt B．error C．success D．misunderstanding 11．A．hardly B．officially C．immediately D．generally 12．A．possibilities B．moments C．positions D．differences 13．A．gives up B．advises on C．forgets about D．settles on 14．A．control B．pressure C．discussion D．review 15．A．Now that B．If only C．Even though D．In case 5、 健康—运动 In Grade 10, I was far from being the athletic type. I was short, thin, and the 1 person for any sports team. So I showed no 2 in an upcoming school basketball game. One afternoon, my friend Leo came over to me. “Hey, we’re short one 3 ,” he said. I laughed. “Me? I can’t play basketball.” “You don’t have to be great,” he replied. “You just have to 4 .” Unwillingly, I agreed, more out of guilt (内疚) than excitement. The first 5 was terrible. I 6 every shot, even ran in the wrong direction and almost gave up. But then our coach, Mr. Evans, pulled me aside. “You’ve got what others forget,” he said. I looked at him, 7 . “Heart. You keep going. You listen. That matters.” The next few weeks, Leo 8 me after school, showing me how to move, pass, and shoot. I still wasn’t the best, but I felt I was 9 . On game day, I acted nervously at first, but soon I 10 what I had learnt. In the second half, I became 11 . When Leo passed me the ball, I shot and made it. The crowd cheered. We didn’t win that day, but I had made a(n) 12 before everyone. I felt a sense of belonging for the first time. After the 13 , Mr. Evans tapped me on the back. “I 14 you,” he smiled. That game taught me sometimes we discover our strength not because we 15 , but because we dare to try. 1．A．first B．last C．suitable D．powerful 2．A．interest B．talent C．anxiety D．honor 3．A．coach B．audience C．player D．host 4．A．wait B．try C．track D．sweat 5．A．competition B．crash C．sight D．practice 6．A．damaged B．missed C．caught D．blocked 7．A．frightened B．excited C．confused D．annoyed 8．A．requested B．admired C．avoided D．helped 9．A．scheduling B．suffering C．improving D．affecting 10．A．focused on B．came along C．took down D．brought up 11．A．stressed B．tired C．awkward D．relaxed 12．A．promise B．shot C．wave D．event 13．A．game B．debate C．meeting D．fight 14．A．followed B．questioned C．told D．cheated 15．A．win B．survive C．prepare D．calm 6、 节日与风俗 The kite is believed to have originated in China. Since its invention, there have been many 1 to the kite by various cultures around the world. The kite you probably flew as a kid looks a bit different to the 2 Chinese kites and even the kites of modern China. Kites were 3 in the early Warring States Period by Mozi and Lu Ban, two philosophers who came after the teachings of Confucius. The kites were 4 to China for many years before the knowledge of how to make and use them advanced. The period 5 many attacks from foreign powers, as well as civil unrest. Kites played a role in providing military intelligence for the 6 . The first kites were what we today would call prototype kites: they were made of light wood and cloth. They were 7 to mimic (模仿) a bird’s natural flight. The first Chinese kites were used for 8 distances, which was useful information for moving large armies across difficult 9 . They were also used to calculate and record wind readings and 10 a unique form of communication similar to ship flags at sea. Chinese kites 11 represent mythological characters, symbolic creatures, as well as legendary 12 . Some have whistles or strings designed to make unique 13 while flying. Besides, they can be 14 two categories: large and small kites. Today, you will see people flying small kites with children in many Chinese parks. You can also see adults flying larger kites and using more advanced methods with larger ropes to 15 the great size. 1．A．explorations B．discussions C．adaptations D．solutions 2．A．unique B．common C．original D．colorful 3．A．invented B．flown C．unearthed D．used 4．A．strange B．familiar C．imaginary D．particular 5．A．survived B．saw C．overtook D．handled 6．A．forces B．towns C．factories D．educators 7．A．described B．decorated C．designed D．pictured 8．A．covering B．measuring C．marking D．recording 9．A．rivers B．situations C．valleys D．areas 10．A．created B．established C．developed D．provided 11．A．usually B．exactly C．normally D．commonly 12．A．stories B．figures C．cartoons D．traditions 13．A．sounds B．structures C．shapes D．adjustments 14．A．compared with B．based on C．divided into D．made of 15．A．drive B．support C．maintain D．operate 7、 文学 In the small town of St. Petersburg, as described in Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Tom, a lively and intelligent boy, often made Aunt Polly, the woman responsible for his life, worried. The ___1___ of a summer Saturday morning hung heavily in the air, and Aunt Polly, with a serious look, told Tom to whitewash the long and aged fence around their yard. This was the dull task Tom had been trying to ___2___, seeing it as a punishment that would ___3___ his precious playtime. Tom picked up the old, worn-out brush and dipped it into the thick whitewash. The whitewash stuck tightly to the bristles(刷毛), making the brush feel ___4___. As he started painting half-heartedly, Ben Rogers came along, ___5___ into a red apple with a loud crunch. “Tom, you’ re stuck working while we play!” Ben laughed. But Tom’s mind worked quickly. A plan ___6___ in his head. He stood up straight and began to whistle(吹口哨)cheerfully, painting with great ___7___. “Ben, this isn’t work at all,” Tom ___48___ with excitement. “It’s like a special game, and I’m lucky to do it!” Attracted by Tom’s enthusiasm, Ben asked if he could have a try. Tom held onto the brush tightly, ___9___ to be hesitant. Ben ___10___ begged and offered his apple. Soon, other boys, including Johnny Miller and Billy Fisher, were also ___11___ by Tom’s act. They all wanted a ___12___, trading their marbles, toys, and candies for the chance to paint. When the sun started to set, the fence stood spotlessly white, its ___13___ smooth and even. Tom, sitting in the shade, looked at his “work” with a satisfied smile. He had turned the tiresome, boring labor into an exciting activity through his ___14___. And guess what? He got another apple from Aunt Polly as a ___15___! 1. A. coolness B. warmth C. coldness D. heat 2. A. suffer B. avoid C. undertake D. accomplish 3. A. spend B. steal C. share D. save 4. A. full B. heavy C. strange D. comfortable 5. A. biting B. smelling C. showing D. tasting 6. A. faded B. formed C. failed D. fell 7. A. earnestness B. patience C. pressure D. enthusiasm 8. A. attempted B. appealed C. explained D. required 9. A. deciding B. forcing C. pretending D. agreeing 10. A. helplessly B. carefully C. sadly D. eagerly 11. A. tricked B. awakened C. inspired D. warned 12. A. turn B. look C. break D. stage 13. A. bottom B. edge C. gap D. surface 14. A. sincerity B. honesty C. wisdom D. nobility 15. A. souvenir B. target C. reward D. comfort 1、 任务型阅读 第一节 任务型阅读 (满分20分) On a bright and sunny day, Ariel Rojas set off on her exciting adventure of hiking and bird-watching at the Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in Queens, New York. Little did she know that she would run into something completely unusual the day. Just a mile into her walk, her eyes were drawn to a sight near the water’s edge. There lay a magnificent female mute swan. Rojas, who has experience working at the Wild Bird Fund rehab center in Manhattan, was well aware that mute swans could be quite aggressive. However, this particular swan was different. It remained still and made no move or attempt to attack as she drew closer. It was clear to her that there was something wrong with the swan and that it was in need of medical help. Rojas took immediate action. She slowly and tenderly covered the swan’s head with her jacket, hoping to keep it calm. Then, with utmost care, she picked the heavy bird up, holding it softly in her arms. The next challenge was discouraging. The rehab center was across the East River, on the other side of town. How could she carry such a huge swan out of here on her own? The thought alone almost made her desperate. Just when hope seemed to grow weaker, a man cycling by appeared at the end of the road and got nearer and nearer. There on the back seat of his bike was fixed a big-sized backpack. Rojas made two steps forward with efforts, “Help!” After several good glances at Rojas, the man stopped in front of her. With a concerned expression shifted from a confused one he asked “What’s wrong with the swan?” Rojas made a brief explanation as soon as she could, while the man listened attentively, his eyes fixed on the swan in her arms. 根据文本内容从方框中选择恰当的词并用其正确形式填入下图中, 每词限用一次, 有两词为多余选项。 assist lie possible confuse explore approach expect attack gentle respond cycle curious Rojas, who worked at the Wild Bird Fund rehab center, started her___________in the Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge. She had no idea that she would encounter a/an___________incident later. Rojas found a mute swan___________still near the water’s edge, showing no sign of attacking her at all when she___________. She realized at once that the mute swan needed medical__________. In a quick___________, Rojas carefully picked the mute swan up and___________held her in her arms. She found it___________for her to transport the heavy swan to the rehab center alone. Rojas asked a/an___________who was just passing by for help and explained the situation to him. It seemed to be hopeful as the man’s___________changed into concern about the swan. 根据文本内容回答下列问题。 11. What did Rojas decide to do with the mute swan and what problem did she meet? ________________________________________________________________ 12. How would the man help Rojas? ________________________________________________________________ 13. What would happen to the swan in the end? ________________________________________________________________ 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 限时练习：45min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业09 必修一、二 完形填空 完形填空考查学生在阅读理解基础上运用词汇知识的能力。在一篇220-300词的短文中留出15个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺，前后连贯，结构完整。以记叙文为主，兼顾夹叙夹议文，偶有议论文和说明文。记叙文以记叙为主，但一般会在文章结尾处有文章寓意等提升的议论色彩的文字。文章注重原汁原味，内容积极，贴近考生生活，传播知识，传递正能量，可读性较强。 1.记叙文 记叙文是完形填空常考的体裁，可分为叙事和记人两种形式，主要包括幽默故事，名人传记，事件叙述等。文章的选材大都是学生熟悉的话题，能够传递正能量，弘扬社会主义核心价值观，读后能带来心灵的启迪。文章大多原汁原味，语言地道，注重思想性和教育性，体现《普通高中英语课程标准》所强调的对学生英语学科核心素养的培养要求。记叙文完形以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅；大量使用动词；适当出现直接引语。 技巧点拨 (1)读透首句，掌握主旨；关注末段，注意感想 重视首句，了解短文话题，明确叙述角度。叙述角度多为第一人称或第三人称。第一人称从“自我参与”的角度进行叙述，从字里行间可读出作者对人物、事物或景色的情感态度。第三人称从“旁观者”的角度客观地记人、叙事、状物。最后一段通常是作者的有感而发、心理体验或经验教训等。记叙文的最终目的是借助叙事来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪。因此要认真体会作者的写作目的，抓住文章的主旨。 (2)跳空速读全文，理清写作顺序，明确写作要素 跳过空格，快速阅读，领会大意，把握中心。从整体上把握文章的叙述顺序和写作要素。作者往往采用顺叙、倒叙或插叙等方法进行叙述。基本的写作要素包括事情发生的时间(when)、地点(where)、事件的内容(what)、人物(who)、原因(why)等。弄清了这些要素也就基本上抓住了文章的主体，理解了整篇文章。 (3)身临其境，故事重构 做题时可采用“角色渗透法”，即假设自己是文中的角色会有什么感受、做出怎样的选择等，走进作者思维，深入理解文章的含义，体验作者的心情以及观点和态度等，这样才能对故事或事件有一个贴切的把握，同时要结合文化背景知识和生活常识。 (4)浏览全文，复查核定 根据记叙文的线索，考生一定要进行回查，仔细推敲，校正全文，使故事恢复原貌。检查要点包括语意是否前后一致；上下文是否通顺连贯，内容是否完整；所选词汇是否符合语法、句法结构以及文化背景知识和生活常识是否合理。 2.夹叙夹议文 此类的完形填空所选文章常常在平淡的故事中蕴含着丰富的哲理，作者既可以让读者从一个简单的故事中体会到生活的意义，又能引起作者对人生、生活、社会价值的思考及对人际关系等话题的自省反思。这类文章的组织方式一般有以下三种结构：事例一观点；观点一事例；观点一事例一观点。 技巧点拨 (1)关注首尾，把握主旨大意 这里的“首尾”包括(语篇的)首段尾段、(段落的)首句尾句。通过首句/首段可明确文章话题，了解篇章结构，窥一斑而知全豹(把握主旨大意，即“文意”)。尾句往往是作者的点睛之笔，通过尾段/尾句一般可以更加真实、确切地体会到作者的写作意图、对待事件的真实态度等核心内容。 (2)抓住主线，理清情节发展 抓住故事的主线(篇章的“文脉”和段落的“文脉”)，顺着这些主线，理清短文各段情节发展的脉络。考生要关注写人叙事的方法(对比、强调、举例、解释、递进等等)，结合文章的结构特点，依据衔接词来正确理解故事情节的发展。 (3)注重语境，理解行文逻辑 夹叙夹议文以叙述为主，大部分篇幅在描述人物、事件，作者的观点及态度有时就隐含在其中；少部分篇幅发表议论，议论部分与叙述部分衔接紧密、逻辑严谨(通过“文法”来体现)。这就要求考生增强语篇逻辑意识，弄清文章内在逻辑关系，根据上下文内容，并适当进行逻辑推理来做出选择。 3.说明文 说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。其主要特点为：1.作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提；2.一般按一定的顺序展开，理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义；3.往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂；4.一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律；5.讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。 技巧点拨 (1)快速掌握文章大意 对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。 (2)理清说明顺序 把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。 (3)把握文章的组织结构和事实细节 说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。 (4)注重上下文语境 对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服“思维定势”，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。 4. 议论文 议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章，主要是就某一主题，在摆出正反两方面观点的基础上，通过论证、推理、辩论等手段，试图让读者最终接受作者对这一主题的某种观点。议论文都是由论点、论据和论证这三个要素构成的，这也是一个提出问题—分析问题—解决问题的过程。 它的语言自然、客观、抽象、概括。 技巧点拨 (1)把握首段和首句完整的信息，把握全文的主旨大意 (2)把握作者的观点和态度 议论文往往体现作者对某一事物的观点，而作者的观点就是文章的论点。考生要把握作者的观点，把握作者对某一事物是褒还是贬，是赞成还是反对，而通常把握了作者的观点也就找准了文章的论点。 (3)结合论点、论据，找出正确选项 一般说来，能说明论据主要内容的答案可以在论点里得到印证，而论点里的某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来，使论点、论据形成相辅相成的关系，因而整个文章上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾，论据与论点相反，最后的结论与论点相矛盾，那么我们就要重新回过头来理顺文章的各个部分，直到清楚为止，这样才能选出正确答案。 (4)通篇阅读，围绕主题(论点)推敲有疑问的题目，并最终确定答案。 逐题按照文章的内容及语境选择完毕后，一篇完整的文章便呈现出来，此时，要注意一定要通读全文，以验证个别题目的答案是否与主题偏离，以求更高的准确度。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、记叙文 There have been times over the years when I have tried to leave Hailsham behind, when I have told myself I shouldn’t look back so much. But then there came a point when I just stopped resisting (反抗). It had to do with this particular donor (器官捐献者) I had once, in my third year as a carer, it was his 1 when I mentioned I was from Hailsham. He had just 2 his third donation, it hadn’t gone well, and he must have known that he wasn’t going to 3 . He could hardly breathe (呼吸), but he looked towards me and said: “Hailsham. I bet that was a (an) 4 place.” Then the next morning, when I was making conversation to keep his 5 off it all, and I asked 6 he had grown up, he mentioned some place in Dorset and his face went into a completely new kind of grimace (痛苦的表情). And I realized then how 7 he didn’t want to be reminded. 8 , he wanted to hear about, Hailsham. So over the next five or six days, I told him whatever he wanted to know, and he’d lie there, all 9 , a gentile smile breaking through. He’d ask me about the big things and the little things. About our guardians (看护人), about the football, the little path, the duck pond, the food, the view from the Art room over the fields on a foggy morning. Sometimes he’d make me say things 10 ; things I’d told him only the day before, he’d ask about like I’d 11 told him. “Did you have a pond?” “Which guardian (守门员) was your special favorite?” At first I thought this was just the drugs, but then I realized his mind was 12 enough. What he wanted was not just to 13 Hailsham, but to remember Hailsham, just like it had been his own childhood. He knew he was 14 to death and so that’s what he was doing: getting me to describe things to him, so they’d really sink in, so that maybe during those sleepless nights, with the drugs and the pain, the line would blur (变得模糊) between what were my 15 and what were his. 1．A．impression B．suggestion C．reaction D．recommendation 2．A．gone through B．come up with C．come across D．come down 3．A．get it B．mean it C．take it D．make it 4．A．unbearable B．ordinary C．beautiful D．orderly 5．A．hands B．mind C．eyes D．control 6．A．when B．where C．how D．whether 7．A．slightly B．hesitantly C．admittedly D．desperately 8．A．Instead B．Otherwise C．Moreover D．Therefore 9．A．interested B．shocked C．confused D．depressed 10．A．once and for all B．up and down C．over and over D．in no time 11．A．always B．never C．ever D．usually 12．A．clear B．simple C．peaceful D．absent 13．A．refer to B．hear about C．live in D．think of 14．A．far B．shocked C．close D．bored 15．A．descriptions B．imaginations C．ideas D．memories 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．A 10．C 11．B 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者并不愿意提到自己的家乡，但为了安慰一位病人，反复向他讲述家乡的故事，给对方带来了情感上的安慰。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这与我作为护理人员的第三年有过一次特别的器官捐献者有关，当我提到我来自黑尔舍姆时，他的反应就是这样。A. impression印象；B. suggestion建议；C. reaction反应；D. recommendation推荐。根据下文“Hailsham. I bet that was a (an)  ___4__ place.”可知，当我提到我来自黑尔舍姆时，他认为那是一个美丽的地方，由此可知，句中指他对我的话做出了反应。故选C项。 2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他刚刚经历了第三次捐献，但进展并不顺利，他一定知道自己不会成功。A. gone through经历；B. come up with提出；C. come across偶然遇见；D. come down下降。根据句中“it hadn’t gone well”可知，器官捐献并不顺利，由此可知，他刚刚经历了第三次捐献，但进展并不顺利。故选A项。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他刚刚经历了第三次捐献，但进展并不顺利，他一定知道自己不会成功。A. get it明白了；B. mean it言出必行；C. take it相信，接受它；D. make it成功。根据句中“it hadn’t gone well”可知，器官捐献并不顺利，由此可知，他知道自己不会成功。故选D项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他几乎无法呼吸，但他看着我说：“黑尔舍姆。我打赌那是一个美丽的地方。”A. unbearable难以忍受的；B. ordinary普通的；C. beautiful美丽的；D. orderly有秩序的。根据下文“he wanted to hear about, Hailsham.”可知，他想了解黑尔舍姆，由此可知，他喜欢黑尔舍姆，认为那是一个美丽的地方。故选C项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后第二天早上，当我和他谈话时，想让他的心思远离捐献失败的事，我问他在哪里长大，他提到了多塞特郡的某个地方，他的脸上露出了一种全新的痛苦的表情。A. hands手；B. mind心思；C. eyes眼睛；D. control控制。根据句中“I was making conversation”可知，我和他谈话的目的是分散他的注意力，让他的心思远离捐献失败的事，由此可知，我想让他的心思远离捐献失败的事。故选B项。 6．考查连接词词义辨析。句意：然后第二天早上，当我和他谈话时，想让他的心思远离捐献失败的事，我问他在哪里长大，他提到了多塞特郡的某个地方，他的脸上露出了一种全新的痛苦的表情。A. when何时；B. where在哪里；C. how怎样；D. whether是否。根据句中“he mentioned some place in Dorset”可知，他提到了多塞特郡的某个地方，由此可知，我问的是他在哪里长大，应用连接词“where”引导宾语从句。故选B项。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后我意识到他多么不想被提醒。A. slightly轻微地；B. hesitantly犹豫地；C. admittedly诚然；D. desperately极度地。根据上文“his face went into a completely new kind of grimace”可知，当我问及他在哪里长大时，他很痛苦，由此可知，他极度不想被提醒出生地。故选D项。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他想听听黑尔舍姆的事。A. Instead相反；B. Otherwise否则；C. Moreover此外；D. Therefore因此。根据上文“his face went into a completely new kind of grimace”和句中“he wanted to hear about, Hailsham”可知，上下文形成对比，提到出生地他很痛苦，相反，他想听听黑尔舍姆的事。故选A项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以在接下来的五六天里，我告诉了他想知道的一切，他躺在那里，都很感兴趣，露出了温柔的笑容。A. interested感兴趣的；B. shocked震惊的；C. confused困惑的；D. depressed沮丧的。根据句中“a gentile smile breaking through”可知，听我讲述黑尔舍姆的事，他露出了温柔的笑容，由此可知，他对我说的事都很感兴趣。故选A项。 10．考查固定短语辨析。句意：有时他会让我反反复复地说；我前一天告诉他的事情，他会像我从未告诉过他一样问。A. once and for all彻底地；B. up and down上上下下；C. over and over反反复复；D. in no time立刻。根据句中“things I’d told him only the day before, he’d ask about like I’d __11___ told him”可知，我告诉过他的事情，他还会再问我一遍，由此可知，他会让我反反复复地说。故选C项。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有时他会让我反反复复地说；我前一天告诉他的事情，他会像我从未告诉过他一样问。A. always总是；B. never从未；C. ever曾经；D. usually通常。根据句中“Sometimes he’d make me say things ___10__”可知，他会让我反反复复地说一件事，由此可知，我前一天告诉他的事情，他会像我从未告诉过他一样问。故选B项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：起初我以为这只是药物作用，但后来我意识到他的头脑已经足够清醒了。A. clear头脑清醒的；B. simple简单的；C. peaceful和平的；D. absent缺席的。根据句中转折连词“but”可知，上下文为转折关系，他问这些问题是因为他的头脑已经足够清醒了，而不是药物作用。故选A项。 13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他想要的不仅仅是听黑尔舍姆的故事，而是记住黑尔舍姆，就像他自己的童年一样。A. refer to提到，查阅；B. hear about听到关于；C. live in住在（某地）；D. think of思考，想起。根据上文“He’d ask me about the big things and the little things.”可知，他会问我黑尔舍姆地大事和小事，由此可知，他想要的听到关于黑尔舍姆的故事。故选B项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他知道自己快要死了，所以这就是他所做的：让我向他描述事情，这样事情就会真正被理解，这样也许在那些无眠的夜晚，在药物和痛苦的陪伴下，我的记忆和他的记忆之间的界限会模糊。A. far远的；B. shocked震惊的；C. close接近的；D. bored无聊的。根据上文“He had just ___2__ his third donation, it hadn’t gone well”可知，器官捐献手术失败了，由此可知，他知道自己快要死了，离死亡很接近。故选C项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他知道自己快要死了，所以这就是他所做的：让我向他描述事情，这样事情就会真正被理解，这样也许在那些无眠的夜晚，在药物和痛苦的陪伴下，我的记忆和他的记忆之间的界限会模糊。A. descriptions描述；B. imaginations想象；C. ideas想法；D. memories记忆。根据句中“getting me to describe things to him”可知，他让我向他描述我家乡的事情，是为了模糊我的记忆和他的记忆，以此获得情感上的安慰。故选D项。 二、夹叙夹议文 My colleagues and I have been teaching communication skills, and we talk about the power of words all the time. We think the words we use are at the heart of 1 , when everyone feels accepted, respected, and valued. Over the last twenty years, I have 2 thousands of people. I have heard some 3 of the following many times: “How can I get my boss/colleague to 4 me like I am part of the team?” I have met young people who are made to feel like 5 by their older colleagues, often because the experiences that are shared are about something that happened long ago. I have talked with older people who feel out of touch because their younger and more culturally-current colleagues 6 talk about new developments in technology that an older colleague is 7 to know. There are lots of ways we can make someone feel excluded and 8 . But often, in my experience, the words we use are a main 9 . The words have the power to make people feel included, but they also can make people feel 10 . So, the next time you are in a 11 of some kind, be 12 . If you are in a meeting of engineers and there is someone who doesn’t “speak engineering” the way the rest of you do, 13 using fewer technical terms. If you are in a party and are not 14 whether everyone “speaks football”, think about talking about another 15 of your weekend. 1．A．success B．parties C．inclusion D．sympathy 2．A．praised B．employed C．criticized D．coached 3．A．words B．choices C．questions D．suggestions 4．A．treat B．rescue C．admire D．follow 5．A．competitors B．outsiders C．researchers D．specialists 6．A．gradually B．rarely C．never D．constantly 7．A．hesitant B．unlikely C．afraid D．unwilling 8．A．unwelcome B．regretful C．envious D．disappointed 9．A．factor B．result C．change D．dream 10．A．worn out B．looked for C．cared for D．left out 11．A．contest B．gathering C．camp D．classroom 12．A．confident B．courageous C．thoughtful D．patient 13．A．imagine B．consider C．remember D．miss 14．A．worried B．curious C．pleased D．sure 15．A．element B．day C．person D．party 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．A 10．D 11．B 12．C 13．B 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要通过讲述人们在沟通时的一些困惑，说明在某些场合使用合适的话语的重要性。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们认为，当每个人都感到被接受、被尊重和被重视时，我们使用的话语是包容的核心。A. success成功；B. parties晚会；C. inclusion包含；D. sympathy同情。根据下文“The words have the power to make people feel included, but they also can make people feel ___10___ .”可知，话语拥有让人感到被包容，由此可知，作者认为使用的话语是包容性的核心。故选C项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的二十年里，我指导过成千上万的人。A. praised赞扬；B. employed雇佣；C. criticized 批判；D. coached训练，指导。根据上文的“My colleagues and I have been teaching communication skills”可知，作者好额同事一直教授交流技能，由此可知，此处指的是作者指导过成千上万的人。故选D项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我听过很多次这样的问题：“我怎样才能让我的老板/同事像对待团队成员一样对待我？”A. words话语；B. choices选择；C. questions 问题；D. suggestions建议。根据下文的““How can I get my boss/colleague to  ___4___  me like I am part of the team?””可知，此处指的是听过很多次这样的问题。故选C项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. treat对待；B. rescue营救；C. admire羡慕；D. follow跟随。根据下文的“me like I am part of the team?”可知，有些人问到“让我的老板/同事像对待团队成员一样对待我”符合语境。故选A项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我遇到过一些年轻人，他们被年长的同事视为局外人，通常是因为他们分享的经历是很久以前发生的事情。A. competitors竞争者；B. outsiders局外人；C. researchers研究者；D. specialists专家。根据下文的“often because the experiences that are shared are about something that happened long ago.”可知，由于分享的经历都是发生在很久以前的事情，年轻人不知道，由此可知，此处表示有些年轻人被年长的同事视为局外人。故选B项。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我曾与一些年长的人交谈过，他们觉得自己与外界脱节，因为他们的年轻同事和更了解文化的同事总是在谈论一些年长的同事不太可能知道的科技新发展。A. gradually逐渐地；B. rarely罕有；C. never从不；D. constantly经常地。根据上文的“I have talked with older people who feel out of touch”和后文“talk about new developments in technology”可知，一些年长者觉得自己与外界脱节，因为年轻人们谈论的一些科技发展的事情，他们不知道，由此可知推断，年轻同事经常和更有文化背景的同事谈论一些年长的同事不太可能知道的科技新发展。故选D项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我曾与一些年长的人交谈过，他们觉得自己与外界脱节，因为他们的年轻同事和更了解文化的同事总是在谈论一些年长的同事不太可能知道的科技新发展。A. hesitant犹豫的；B. unlikely不可能的；C. afraid害怕的；D. unwilling不愿意的。根据上文的“I have talked with older people who feel out of touch”可知，一些年长的人觉得自己与外界脱节，由此可推断，此处指的是一些年长的同事不太可能知道的科技新发展，这也是一种社会现象。故选B项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们有很多方法可以让别人感到被排斥和不受欢迎。A. unwelcome不受欢迎的；B. regretful后悔的；C. envious嫉妒的；D. disappointed失望的。根据上文的“feel excluded”可知，此处指感到被排斥和不受欢迎，and连接的词词义接近。故选A项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但根据我的经验，我们使用的话语往往是一个主要因素。A. factor因素；B. result结果；C. change零钱，改变； D. dream梦想。根据上文的“There are lots of ways we can make someone feel excluded and ___8___ .”可知，我们有很多可以让别人感到被排斥的方式，由此可知，话语往往是感到被排斥和不受欢迎主要因素。故选A项。 10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些话语有让人感到被包容的力量，但它们也会让人感到被忽视。A. worn out筋疲力尽；B. look for寻找；C. cared for关心，照顾；D. left out被忽视。根据上文的“The words have the power to make people feel included”可知，话语有力量让人感到被包容，结合but可知，此处讲述的内容应与其前内容相反，由此可知，此处指的是它们也会让人感到被忽视。故选D项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，下次你参加某种聚会时，要考虑周到些。A. contest竞赛；B. gathering聚会；C. camp宿营；D. classroom教室。根据下文的“If you are in a party...”可知，下次你参加某种聚会时，要考虑周到些。故选B项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，下次你参加某种聚会时，要考虑周到些。 A. confident自信的；B. courageous有勇气的；C. thoughtful考虑周到的；D. patient耐心的。根据下文的“If you are in a meeting of engineers and there is someone who doesn’t “speak engineering” the way the rest of you do, ___13___ using fewer technical terms.”可知，如果工程师会议上，有人不像其他人那样“讲工程”，建议少用一些专业术语，由此可推断，此处指是，在下次你参加聚会时，建议要深思熟虑。故选C项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你在一个工程师会议上，有人不像其他人那样“讲工程”，那就考虑少用一些专业术语。A. imagine想象；B. consider考虑；C. remember记住；D. miss错过。根据下文的“If you are in a party and are not ___14___ whether everyone “speaks football”, think about talking about another ___15___ of your weekend.”可知，此处讲述的内容与下文中的内容吻合，在不确定晚会上是否都“谈论足球”的情况下，考虑谈论一些别的，由此可推断，此处指的是在一个工程师会议上，有人不像其他人那样“讲工程”的场合下，建议考虑少用一些专业术语。故选B项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你在一个聚会上，不确定是否每个人都“谈论足球”，考虑谈论你周末的另一个元素。A. worried担忧的；B. curious好奇的；C. pleased 愉快的；D. sure确定的。根据下文的“whether everyone “speaks football””可知，whether表示存在疑问，所以此处表示不确定是否每个人都“谈论足球”，符合语境。故选D项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. element要素，元素；B. day白天；C. person 人；D. party晚会。根据上文的“But often, in my experience, the words we use are a main ___9___ .”可知，作者认为我们使用的话语往往是一个主要因素，让我们感到被排斥和不受欢迎，结合上文的“If you are in a meeting of engineers and there is someone who doesn’t “speak engineering” the way the rest of you do,  ___13___  using fewer technical terms.”可知，在工程会议上有人不像其他人那样“讲工程”，那就考虑少用一些专业术语，由此可推断，如果你在一个聚会上，不确定是否每个人都“谈论足球”，考虑谈论你周末的另一个元素。故选A项。 三、说明文 The Pop-up Igloo Polar bears are warm-blooded animals with heavy fat and fur that can survive in freezing Arctic temperatures. They have two types of fur—the long oily hairs and short thick hairs. By 1 the characteristics of these two hairs and their black skin underneath, the polar bears can keep themselves warm. 2 by polar bears, a team of students from the Royal Danish Academy designed a pop-up igloo(弹出式冰屋)—an emergency tent that might make survival in sub-zero areas much more manageable. Led by Henry Glogau, the team said that their design aims to 3 those lost or stranded in extreme conditions. With little visibility and no phone coverage, people may face severe 4 while waiting for rescue in cold polar areas. Rather than fight against the extreme conditions, the team looked to use them to its 5 . “Inspired by snow caves and the conventional winter-used tents, we treat snow as a(n) 6 material rather than a burden,” the team told Vigour Times website. The pop-up igloo adopts a mylar(聚酯薄膜) material, which works 7 to polar bears’ skin. Besides their thick fat and fur, polar bears have black skin underneath, which is ideal for absorbing rays from the Arctic sun to keep themselves warm. The mylar material gives 8 to its inhabitants in the same way by reflecting sunlight into the space inside the tent. The pop-up igloo also features an origami-like(像折纸的) design, which helps to 9 the snow and secure the tent. The origami pockets create areas where snow can 10 on the outside. It prevents heat from escaping from the tent, while holding the tent to the ground. Researchers ensured that the tent could withstand the weight of a 70kg human standing on top to remain 11 in extreme conditions. This adds another 12 layer to everything inside. The team put the tent through 13 testing for one month in Alaska to see its capability. The results showed that at 11.8 to 15 inches of snow cover, a 37℃ 14 in temperature between inside and outside could be maintained on average. In the future, the pop-up igloos could be 15 along hiking routes in cold areas like the Arctic, where they could be set up in seconds when needed. 1．A．gathering B．combining C．comparing D．distinguishing 2．A．Fascinated B．Encouraged C．Threatened D．Inspired 3．A．guide B．comfort C．shelter D．delight 4．A．danger B．boredom C．confusion D．damage 5．A．advantage B．challenge C．defence D．convenience 6．A．original B．novel C．creative D．building 7．A．efficiently B．closely C．similarly D．cleverly 8．A．rays B．light C．heat D．glow 9．A．estimate B．trap C．exclude D．dissolve 10．A．pile up B．melt down C．break down D．last out 11．A．concrete B．everlasting C．stable D．elegant 12．A．heavy B．protective C．external D．flexible 13．A．repetitive B．eventual C．general D．domestic 14．A．fall B．increase C．decline D．difference 15．A．exposed B．restored C．recycled D．placed 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．A 6．D 7．C 8．C 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．D 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了丹麦皇家学院的学生受北极熊抗寒身体构造的启发，设计一种弹出式冰屋，能够帮助人们在寒冷地区生存。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过将这两种毛和下面黑色皮肤的特征相结合，北极熊可以保暖。A. gathering聚集；B. combining（使）结合；C. comparing比较；D. distinguishing区分，辨别。根据空后的“the characteristics of these two hairs and their black skin underneath”可知，这里表示将北极熊两种毛的特点和其下面黑色皮肤的特点相结合。故选B。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：受北极熊的启发，丹麦皇家学院的一组学生设计了一个弹出式冰屋，这是一个应急帐篷，可能会使零度以下地区的生存更加容易应付。A. Fascinated深深吸引，迷住；B. Encouraged鼓励；C. Threatened威胁，恐吓；D. Inspired激励，启发。根据上文中的“By 　　1　　the characteristics of these two hairs and their black skin underneath, the polar bears can keep themselves warm.(通过将这两种毛和下面黑色皮肤的特征相结合，北极熊可以保暖。)”和下文中的“Inspired by...”可知，这些学生设计出能够让人在寒冷地区生存下来的弹出式冰屋是从北极熊身上获得了灵感。故选D。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个团队由Henry Glogau领导，该团队表示，他们的设计旨在为那些在极端条件下迷路或被困的人提供庇护。A. guide指引，指导；B. comfort安慰；C. shelter为……提供庇护处；D. delight使高兴。根据空后的“those lost or stranded in extreme conditions”可知，这里表示为那些在极端条件下迷路或被困的人提供庇护。故选C。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于能见度低，没有电话覆盖，人们在寒冷的极地等待救援时可能面临严重危险。A. danger危险；B. boredom无聊；C. confusion困惑；D. damage伤害。根据句中的“With little visibility and no phone coverage”和“in cold polar areas”并结合常识可知，在寒冷的极地，视线受阻且没有电话信号，人们的处境会非常危险。故选A。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该团队并没有与极端条件作斗争，而是希望利用这些条件达到自己的优势。A. advantage优势，有利条件；B. challenge挑战；C. defence防御，保护；D. convenience方便。根据句中的“Rather than fight against the extreme conditions”可知，他们没有与极端条件作斗争，而是希望将这些极端条件转变成有利条件。故选A。 6．考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：该团队告诉Vigour Times网站：“受雪洞和传统冬季使用的帐篷的启发，我们将雪作为一种建筑材料，而不是一种负担”。A. original原来的；B. novel新颖的；C. creative创造（性）的；D. building建筑。根据空后的“material”和下文中的“The origami pockets create areas where snow can 　　10　　on the outside.(折纸口袋创造了一个区域，雪可以在外面……)”可知，他们将雪作为一种建筑材料。故选D。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：弹出式冰屋采用聚酯薄膜材料，其工作原理与北极熊的皮肤相似。A. efficiently效率高地；B. closely仔细地，严密地；C. similarly相似地；D. cleverly聪明地。根据空后的“to polar bears’ skin”和下文中的“The mylar material gives 　　8　　to its inhabitants in the same way”可知，聚酯薄膜材料的作用与北极熊的皮肤相似。故选C。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：聚酯薄膜材料通过将阳光反射到帐篷内的空间，以同样的方式为其居民提供热量。A. rays光线；B. light光，光线；C. heat热，温度；D. glow暗淡的光。根据上文中的“Besides their thick fat and fur, polar bears have black skin underneath, which is ideal for absorbing rays from the Arctic sun to keep themselves warm.(除了厚厚的脂肪和皮毛外，北极熊下面还有黑色的皮肤，这对吸收北极太阳光线保暖来说非常理想。)”和句中的“in the same way by reflecting sunlight into the space inside the tent”可知，聚酯薄膜材料将阳光反射到帐篷内部，可以储存热量，和北极熊的皮肤保暖作用相似。故选C。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：弹出式冰屋还采用了类似折纸的设计，有助于锁住雪并固定帐篷。A. estimate估计，估价；B. trap卡住；C. exclude不包括；D. dissolve溶解。根据句中的“an origami-like(像折纸的) design”和“secure the tent”并结合常识可知，折纸的凹处能够锁住雪，从而达到固定帐篷的效果。故选B。 10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：折纸口袋创造了雪可以堆积在外面的区域。A. pile up堆积，积压；B. melt down熔化；C. break down出故障；D. last out尽力维持下去。根据上文中的“which helps to 　　9　　the snow and secure the tent”并结合常识可知，这种设计可以锁住雪，让雪在上面堆积，从而保持固定。故选A。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员确保帐篷能够承受70公斤重的人站在上面的重量，以便在极端条件下保持牢固。A. concrete具体的；B. everlasting永久的，永恒的；C. stable稳固的，牢固的；D. elegant优美的。根据上文中的“secure the tent”和“holding the tent to the ground”可知，这里指保持帐篷牢固。故选C。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这为里面的一切增加了另一层保护层。A. heavy重的；B. protective保护的，防护的；C. external外部的；D. flexible灵活的。根据上文中的“The origami pockets create areas where snow can 　　10　　 on the outside.(折纸口袋创造了雪可以堆积在外面的区域。)”和“Researchers ensured that the tent could withstand the weight of a 70kg human standing on top to remain 　　11　　in extreme conditions.(研究人员确保帐篷能够承受70公斤重的人站在上面的重量，以便在极端条件下保持牢固。)”可知，这种帐篷上面留了让雪堆积的区域，且承重性强，能够在极端条件下保持牢固，根据常识可知，这给帐篷内部的一切增加了一层保护。故选B。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该团队在阿拉斯加对帐篷进行了一个月的重复测试，以了解其性能。A. repetitive多次重复的；B. eventual最终的；C. general普遍的；D. domestic国内的。根据空后的“testing for one month in Alaska to see its capability”并结合常识可知，为了测试帐篷的性能，应该会对其进行多次测试。故选A。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果表明，在11.8至15英寸的积雪下，室内外温度平均可以保持37℃的差异。A. fall下落，降落；B. increase增加；C. decline下降，减少；D. difference差别，差异。根据空后的“in temperature between inside and outside”可知，这里表示室内外的温差。故选D。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：未来，这些弹出式冰屋可以放置在北极等寒冷地区的徒步路线上，在需要的时候可以在几秒钟内搭建起来。A. exposed暴露，显露；B. restored恢复；C. recycled回收利用；D. placed放置，安放。根据句中的“where they could be set up in seconds when needed”可知，应该是把这些弹出式冰屋放置在有需要的路线上，以便在有需要时可以让人们快速搭建使用。故选D。 四、议论文 Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have 1 feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common 2 between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over 3 rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with the 4 . On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for 5 the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket. The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different 6 to these problems. However, some approaches are more 7 than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but 8 clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children’s 9 . On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the 10 of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to 11 their actions. Psychologists say that 12 is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parents should 13 to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may 14 their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a two-way process. It is only by listening to and 15 each other that problems between parents and children can be settled. 1. A. natural B. strong C. guilty D. similar 2. A. interest B. argument C. link D. knowledge 3. A. noisy B. crowded C. messy D. locked 4. A. homework B. housework C. problem D. research 5. A. washing B. using C. dropping D. replacing 6. A. approaches B. contributions C. introductions D. attitudes 7. A. complex B. popular C. scientific D. successful 8. A. later B. deliberately C. seldom D. thoroughly 9. A. behavior B. taste C. future D. nature 10. A. failures B. changes C. consequences D. thrills 11. A. defend B. delay C. repeat D. reconsider 12. A. communication B. bond C. friendship D. trust 13. A. reply B. attend C. attach D. talk 14. A. hate B. scold C. frighten D. stop 15. A. loving B. observing C. understanding D. praising 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. A 10. C 11. D 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了家长和孩子如何相处的问题。一味的责备会使得亲情疏远。父母也应该倾听孩子的心里话。沟通是一个双向的过程。做一个聪明的善解人意的家长更受孩子的欢迎。 1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：父母觉得很难与青少年生活。同样，青少年对父母也有类似的感觉，他们说和父母住在一起并不容易。A. natural自然的；B. strong强壮的；C. guilty犯罪的；D. similar相似的。根据空前、空后的提示可知，父母和孩子有着相似的感觉。故选D。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据最近的一项研究，父母与青少年之间的最常见的争吵是关于邋遢和每日的例行任务。A. interest兴趣；B. argument争论，争吵；C. link联系；D. knowledge知识。根据下文可知，因为父母不满意孩子不能保持自己房间的干净、整齐、卫生而发生争吵。故选B。 3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一方面，父母会因为凌乱的房间，扔在地板上的衣服和他们的孩子拒绝帮助做家务而发疯。A. noisy喧闹的；B. crowded拥挤的；C. messy杂乱的；D. locked上锁的。根据下文“clothes thrown on the floor”可知，此处指凌乱的房间。故选C。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一方面，父母会因为凌乱的房间，扔在地板上的衣服和他们的孩子拒绝帮助做家务而发疯。A. homework作业；B. housework家务；C. problem难题；D. research研究，调查。根据语境可知，此处指孩子们拒绝做家务。故选B。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，当父母责备他们把毛巾丢在浴室里，没有打扫房间，或者拒绝在超市购物时，青少年会不断地失去耐心。A. washing洗；B. using 使用；C. dropping落下；D. replacing更换，替代。根据下文“in the bathroom”可知，此处指毛巾扔进浴室，drop the towel“把毛巾掉在地上”。故选C。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：圣乔治大学的研究表明不同的父母对这些问题有不同的方法。A. approaches方法，途径；B. contributions 贡献；C. introductions介绍，入门；D. attitudes态度，看法。根据下文“However, some approaches are more 　7　　than others.”可知，此处指不同的方法。故选A。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，一些方法比其他人的更成功。A. complex复杂的；B. popular受欢迎的；C. scientific科学的；D. successful成功的。根据下文可知，接下来列举了一些成功的父母的做法。故选D。 8. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：例如，那些对孩子的不整洁大吼大叫，但后来却为他们打扫房间的父母，很少有机会改变孩子的行为。A. later后来；B. deliberately故意地；C. seldom很少；D. thoroughly彻底。这样的父母我们生活中不少见。故选A。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，那些对孩子的不整洁大吼大叫，但后来却为他们打扫房间的父母，很少有机会改变孩子的行为。A. behavior行为；B. taste味道；C. future未来；D. nature自然。孩子不改变行为是因为父母责备了他们，然后又帮他们收拾使孩子认为被批评了就可以不做了，自然行为得不到改变。故选A。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据后面可知，与此相反，那些让青少年体验他们的行为的结果的父母可以做得更好。A. failures失败；B. changes变化；C. consequences结果；D. thrills兴奋，震颤。根据下文“For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to ___11___ their actions.”可知，此处指让青少年体验他们的行为的结果。故选C。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，当青少年不购物帮助他们的父母购物时，他们在冰箱里就找不到他们最喜爱的饮料，这样他们就被迫重新考虑他们的行动。A. defend防御；B. delay耽搁；C. repeat重复；D. reconsider重新考虑。根据语境和词的意义可知，此处指青少年被迫重新考虑他们的行动。故选D。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家说交流是家长和孩子关系中最重要的事。A. communication交流；B. bond结合；C. friendship友谊；D. trust信任。有沟通才会消除隔阂和误解。故选A。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：父母应和子女交谈 ，但同时也应该听一听他们要说什么。A. reply回答；B. attend参加；C. attach附加，系；D. talk谈论。根据下文“at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say”可知，此处是talk to“和……交流”。故选D。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：父母责备他们的孩子当他们的房间凌乱时，但他们也应该明白他们的房间是他们自己的私人空间。A. hate讨厌；B. scold责备；C. frighten 吓唬；D. stop停止。代入四个词分析，只有B符合语境。故选B。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：沟通是一个双向的过程。它只有通过倾听和理解对方，父母与子女之间的问题才可以得到解决。A. loving爱；B. observing观察；C. understanding理解；D. praising表扬。代入四个词分析，C更符合语境。故选C。 1、 学校生活 When I first entered university, my aunt, who is an English professor, gave me a new English dictionary and advised me to use it. I was 1 to see that it was an English-English dictionary, also known as a monolingual(单语的) dictionary. Although it was a dictionary intended for non-native learners, none of my classmates had one and, to be honest, I found it extremely 2 to use at first. I would 3 words in the dictionary but still could not fully understand the meanings. I was used to the 4 English-Chinese dictionaries, in which the words are 5 both in English and Chinese. I really wondered why my aunt gave me such 6 to make things so difficult for me. Now, I understand that monolingual dictionaries are 7 in learning a foreign language. As I 8 , there is, in fact, often no perfect equivalent(对应物) between two 9 in two languages. My aunt even 10 that even a Chinese “equivalent” can never give you the 11 meaning of the word in English! Therefore, she insisted that I read the definition of a word in a monolingual dictionary when I wanted to get a better 12 of its meaning. Gradually, I have come to see what she 13 . Using a monolingual dictionary has helped me in another important way. This dictionary uses a(n) 14 number of words, around 2,000, in its definitions. When I read these definitions, I am 15 exposed (接触) to the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas. Because of this, I can express myself more easily in English. 1．A．worried B．sad C．surprised D．nervous 2．A．difficult B．interesting C．important D．practical 3．A．set up B．look up C．pick up D．take up 4．A．new B．familiar C．informed D．confusing 5．A．explained B．expressed C．described D．created 6．A．appreciation B．courage C．advice D．power 7．A．more natural B．better C．more convenient D．easier 8．A．checked out B．broke out C．found out D．turned out 9．A．words B．names C．ideas D．characters 10．A．hoped B．declared C．complained D．dreamt 11．A．exact B．basic C．translated D．expected 12．A．understanding B．practice C．expression D．consideration 13．A．wanted B．preferred C．meant D．suffered 14．A．extra B．average C．total D．limited 15．A．repeatedly B．nearly C．immediately D．anxiously 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．A 12．A 13．C 14．D 15．A 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己刚刚进入大学，姑姑没有给自己一个双语词典，而是给了一个英英词典，刚开始作者不理解。后来明白了姑姑的意图，从而更好的学习了英语。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我惊讶地发现这是一本英英词典，也叫单语词典。A. worried 担忧的；B. sad伤心的；C. surprised感到吃惊的；D. nervous紧张不安的。根据“it was an English-English dictionary, also known as a monolingual(单语的) dictionary.”可知，发现是一本英英词典，作者很惊讶。故选C。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然这是一本为非母语学习者准备的词典，但我的同学都没有，而且说实话，一开始我发现它非常难以使用。A. difficult困难的；B. interesting有趣的；C. important重要的；D. practical实用的。根据“I would 　　3　　 words in the dictionary but still could not fully understand the meanings.”可知，作者发现英英词典一开始很难使用。故选A。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我会查询字典里的词，但仍然不能完全理解单词的意思。A. set up建立；B. look up查询；C. pick up捡起；D. take up占据。根据常识和“but still could not fully understand the meanings.”可知，作者查询字典中的单词。故选B。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我已经习惯了熟悉的双语词典，用英语和汉语来解释这些单词。A. new新的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. informed见多识广的；D. confusing令人费解的。根据“in which the words are 　　5　　 both in English and Chinese.”可知，作者已经习惯了熟悉的双语词典。故选B。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我已经习惯了熟悉的双语词典，用英语和汉语来解释这些单词。A. explained解释；B. expressed表达；C. described描述；D. created创造。根据常识可知，双语词典是用英语和汉语来解释单词。故选A。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我真的很奇怪，为什么我姑姑给了我这样的建议，让我的生活变得如此困难。A. appreciation欣赏；B. courage勇气；C. advice建议；D. power力量。根据“When I first entered university, my aunt, who is an English professor, gave me a new English dictionary and advised me to use it.”可知，是姑姑给作者建议用英语词典。故选C。 7．考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：现在，我知道单语词典在学习一门外语时更好。A. more natural 更自然的；B. better更好的；C. more convenient更方便的；D. easier 更容易的。结合下文的陈述可知，这里指作者发现单语词典在学习一门外语方面更好。故选B。 8．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我发现，事实上，两种语言中的两个词之间往往没有完全对等的词。A. checked out通过考核；B. broke out爆发；C. found out发现；D. turned out结果是。根据“there is, in fact, often no perfect equivalent(对应物) between two 　　9　　 in two languages.”可知，作者发现汉语与英语之间没有对等的单词。故选C。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我发现，事实上，两种语言中的两个词之间往往没有完全对等的词。A. words 单词；B. names名字；C. ideas主意；D. characters特性。根据“I would 　　3　　 words in the dictionary but still could not fully understand the meanings.”和常识可知，汉语和英语中的单词通常没有完美的对等。故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的姑姑甚至还宣称，一个中文的对等物永远不能给你一个英文单词的确切含义！ A. hoped希望；B. declared宣布；C. complained抱怨；D. dreamt梦想。根据“even a Chinese “equivalent” can never give you the 　　11　　 meaning of the word in English!”可知，作者姑姑宣称汉语中的对等物并不能给出确切的英文含义。故选B。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的姑姑甚至还宣称，一个中文的对等物永远不能给你一个英文单词的确切含义！A. exact准确的；B. basic 基本的；C. translated翻译的；D. expected预期的。根据“As I 　　8　　, there is, in fact, often no perfect equivalent(对应物) between two 　　9　　 in two languages.”可知，汉语词汇与英语词汇没有对等的确切含义。故选A。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以当我想要更好的理解一个单词的意思时，她坚持让我看单语词典里的单词定义。A. understanding理解；B. practice实践；C. expression表达；D. consideration考虑。a better understanding of更好的理解。根据“she insisted that I read the definition of a word in a monolingual dictionary”可知，作者想要更好地理解一个单词的意思时，姑姑坚持要作者在单语词典中读到一个词的定义。故选A。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，我明白了她的意思。A. wanted想要；B. preferred喜欢；C. meant打算；意思是；D. suffered遭受。根据“Therefore, she insisted that I read the definition of a word in a monolingual dictionary when I wanted to get a better 　　12　　 of its meaning.”可知，作者渐渐明白姑姑的意思。故选C。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这本词典的释义只有2000个左右，数量有限。A. extra额外的；B. average平均的；C. total完全的；D. limited有限的。根据“around 2,000, ”可知，此词典用了有限数量的单词来解释释义。故选D。 15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我阅读这些定义时，我反复接触到基本的词汇，并学习如何用它们来解释物体和思想。A. repeatedly重复地；B. nearly几乎；C. immediately立刻； D. anxiously焦虑地。根据“This dictionary uses a(n) 　　14　　 number of words, around 2,000, in its definitions.”可知，这里指作者反复接触到这2000个基本的词汇。故选A。 2、 亲子关系 On New Year’s Day, my 13-year-old son Mike broke his leg while skiing. Honestly speaking, it was no more than another 1 in the past five years. My family had suffered a lot and we had 2 that spending time outside together in winter would bring great fun and lead us through the pandemic. Thus, I wouldn’t let this accident leave my kids in low 3 — I wanted to 4 the very best of better plans. At dinner on a Tuesday, it came to me. In the coming springtime, I announced, we would have a family roller disco party in the house. My children looked up, their 5 hanging open like caught fish — they were 6 . I knew I was supposed to provide more 7 . I said, “When Mike recovers, we will order roller skates and rainbow strobe lights to decorate our doorways, push the furniture to the side and have a roller disco party.” Later that day, my youngest son wore his roller skates and 8 the news when he joined a Zoom call with his third-grade class. Unfortunately, 9 he could finish announcing the news, he slipped and fell, breaking our computer. He was all right but we 10 bought a new computer. 11 , the accident didn’t affect us much, for the party gave us something to look forward to and kept us entertained. It may not have happened yet, but the 12 and joy that we experienced while 13 for it have been worth it. That was the 14 . Over the course of all the planning and excitement, the broken leg and computer, I knew that even in the 15 of times, there is always something to look forward to. 1．A．ache B．challenge C．ceremony D．adventure 2．A．hoped B．discovered C．explored D．proved 3．A．mood B．benefit C．spirits D．abilities 4．A．part with B．come up with C．put up with D．stick to 5．A．eyes B．heads C．faces D．mouths 6．A．moved B．inspired C．surprised D．impressed 7．A．details B．benefits C．choices D．examples 8．A．stressed B．shared C．celebrated D．updated 9．A．after B．when C．until D．before 10．A．eventually B．frequently C．typically D．immediately 11．A．Therefore B．Besides C．Still D．Despite 12．A．expectation B．tension C．memory D．change 13．A．searching B．preparing C．accounting D．apologizing 14．A．beginning B．difference C．point D．answer 15．A．shortest B．happiest C．simplest D．toughest 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．A 11．C 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在过去的五年中，作者一家经历了很多的困难。最近，作者的13岁儿子因为滑雪而摔断了腿。但是作者却并没有因此而感到沮丧，他决定做些事情让儿子振作起来。所以他准备在家里举办一个家庭轮滑迪斯科派对，虽然在准备的过程中也有一些挫折，但是作者觉得即使在最困难的时候，总会有值得期待的事情。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：老实说，这只不过是过去五年里的另一个挑战。A. ache疼痛；B. challenge挑战；C. ceremony仪式；D. adventure冒险。根据上文“On New Year’s Day, my 13-year-old son Mike broke his leg while skiing.”以及下文“My family had suffered a lot”可知，在五年当中，作者一家经历很多的困难，所以儿子把腿摔断是这五年中的另外一次挑战。故选B。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的家人遭受了很多痛苦，我们希望冬天一起在户外度过会带来很大的乐趣，带领我们度过新冠疫情。A. hoped希望；B. discovered发现；C. explored探索；D. proved证明。根据空后“that spending time outside together in winter would bring great fun and lead us through the pandemic”可知，经历了很多痛苦后，作者希望冬天一起在户外度过能带来乐趣，带领一家人度过新冠疫情。故选A。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，我不想让这次事故让我的孩子们情绪低落——我想想出一个最好的计划。A. mood情绪；B. benefit收益；C. spirits精神，情绪；D. abilities能力。根据上文“On New Year’s Day, my 13-year-old son Mike broke his leg while skiing.”可知，作者觉得摔断腿这件事会让儿子情绪低落，所以想想出最好的办法让他们振作起来。in low spirits“情绪低落，意志消沉”。故选C。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：因此，我不想让这次事故让我的孩子们情绪低落——我想想出一个最好的计划。A. part with与……分手；B. come up with想出，提出；C. put up with忍受；D. stick to坚持。根据空后“the very best of better plans”可知，作者想要想出最好的办法让儿子和其它孩子振作起来。故选B。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的孩子们抬起头来，他们的嘴巴张得像捕到的鱼一样——他们感到很惊讶。A. eyes眼睛；B. heads头；C. faces脸；D. mouths嘴。根据上文“At dinner on a Tuesday, it came to me. In the coming springtime, I announced, we would have a family roller disco party in the house.”可知，作者在儿子摔断腿后宣布要举办一个家庭轮滑迪斯科派对，这让孩子们非常的吃惊，所以他们的嘴巴张的像被抓到的鱼一样。故选D。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的孩子们抬起头来，他们的嘴巴张得像捕到的鱼一样——他们感到很惊讶。A. moved感动的；B. inspired受到鼓舞的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. impressed印象深刻的。根据上文“My children looked up, their 　　5　　 hanging open like caught fish”可知，孩子们在听到作者的提议时，嘴巴张的很大，说明他们非常的吃惊。故选C。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道我应该提供更多的细节。A. details细节；B. benefits好处；C. choices选择；D. examples示例。根据下文“I said, “When Mike recovers, we will order roller skates and rainbow strobe lights to decorate our doorways, push the furniture to the side and have a roller disco party.”(我说：‘迈克康复后，我们会订购旱冰鞋和彩虹闪光灯来装饰我们的门口，把家具推到一边，举办一场滚轴迪斯科派对。’)”可知，作者提供了更多派对的细节。故选A。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天晚些时候，我的小儿子穿着旱冰鞋，和三年级的同学一起参加Zoom电话会议，分享了这个消息。A. stressed强调；B. shared共享；C. celebrated庆祝；D. updated更新。根据空后“the news when he joined a Zoom call with his third-grade class”以及下文“he could finish announcing the news”可知，作者的小儿子在班级的电话会议上和同学们分享了他们家要举办派对的消息。故选B。 9．考查连词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，在他宣布完这个消息之前，他滑倒了，摔坏了我们的电脑。A. after在……之后；B. when当……时候；C. until直到；D. before在……之前。根据句中的“Unfortunately”以及“he slipped and fell, breaking our computer”可知，不幸的是，作者的小儿子在分享完这个消息之前，就摔倒了，并且把电脑摔坏了。故选D。 10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他没事，但我们最终买了一台新电脑。A. eventually最终；B. frequently经常；C. typically通常；D. immediately立即。根据空前“he slipped and fell, breaking our computer”和空后“bought a new computer”可知，小儿子摔倒了，人没有什么事，但是电脑摔坏了。所以最终，作者还是买了一台电脑。故选A。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，这场事故并没有对我们产生太大影响，因为聚会给了我们一些期待，让我们很开心。A. Therefore因此；B. Besides除了；C. Still尽管如此；D. Despite尽管。根据上文“He was all right but we 　　10　　 bought a new computer.”以及句后“the accident didn’t affect us much, for the party gave us something to look forward to and kept us entertained”可知，作者的小儿子摔坏了电脑。尽管如此，这也没有影响作者一家准备派对这件事。故选C。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它可能还没有发生，但我们在准备的过程中所经历的期望和喜悦是值得的。A. expectation期望；B. tension紧张；C. memory记忆力；D. change改变。根据下文“I knew that even in the 　　15 of times, there is always something to look forward to”可知，作者知道即使在最困难的时候也有值得期待的事情，所以说明他们在准备的过程中经历的期待和喜悦是值得的。故选A。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它可能还没有发生，但我们在准备的过程中所经历的期望和喜悦是值得的。A. searching搜索；B. preparing准备；C. accounting认为是；D. apologizing道歉。根据上文“It may not have happened yet”可知，派对还没有开始，所以作者一家正在为它做准备。故选B。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这才是重点。A. beginning开始；B. difference差异；C. point重点；D. answer答复。根据上文“It may not have happened yet, but the 　　12　　 and joy that we experienced while 　　13　　 for it have been worth it”可知，作者知道即使在最困难的时候也有值得期待的事情。所以说明他们在准备的过程中经历的期待和喜悦是值得的，这就是这件事的重点所在。故选C。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：经过所有的计划和兴奋，断腿和坏掉的电脑，我知道即使在最艰难的时候，总有一些值得期待的事情。A. shortest最短的；B. happiest最幸福的；C. simplest最简单的；D. toughest最艰难的。根据上文“My family had suffered a lot”以及句中的“Over the course of all the planning and excitement, the broken leg and computer,”可知，作者一家经历了很多的苦难，但是作者觉得，即使是在最困难的时候，也总有值得期待的事情。故选D。 3、 人际关系—友谊 When I was in the seventh and eighth grade, I had to face one of my greatest fears — rejection (拒绝) by friends. It was a time when three of the most important 1 that my parents had taught me throughout my life came into use. My classmates put my sense of loyalty, friendship, and 2 to the test. Our class consisted of 31 students who had 3 each other since the first grade. In junior high, most of us had chosen groups of friends that we 4 to hang out with during our free time. I soon found that the majority of our 5 began to make fun of my best friend and spread what weren’t true around the rest of the school. I didn’t want to have the same people 6 me, but I knew that I couldn’t just sit back and let my best friend deal with this 7 . Every day I would think about my 8 , knowing that he was getting more and more 9 as time went by. I soon decided to talk to my mother about it, since she is 10 a second mother to my friend. Her advice was to be 11 and remain loyal (忠诚) to him. She told me that 12 is one of the most important things in life that helps a person 13 . My mother told me to have courage and 14 for my friend, even if it meant risking my own 15 . 1．A．values B．rules C．lessons D．methods 2．A．knowledge B．courage C．wisdom D．duty 3．A．missed B．married C．known D．forgotten 4．A．preferred B．invited C．protected D．recommended 5．A．family B．class C．school D．team 6．A．defeating B．following C．cheating D．joking 7．A．hurriedly B．secretly C．selfishly D．alone 8．A．father B．searcher C．friend D．neighbor 9．A．nervous B．careless C．unhappy D．unfriendly 10．A．like B．with C．against D．after 11．A．hardworking B．brave C．silent D．optimistic 12．A．friendship B．determination C．cleverness D．health 13．A．study B．survive C．think D．grow 14．A．come back B．watch out C．get away D．stand up 15．A．money B．reputation C．business D．life 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．D 8．C 9．C 10．A 11．B 12．A 13．D 14．D 15．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了朋友遇到了困难，自己是坐视不管还是挺身而出？最终母亲的教诲让作者做出了正确选择。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是在那段时期，我父母一生中教给我的三个最重要的价值观派上了用场。A. values价值观；B. rules规则；C. lessons课，教训；D. methods方法。根据上文“my parents had taught me”和下文“my sense of loyalty, friendship”可知，此处是指父母教给作者的价值观。故选A。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的同学用我的忠诚、友谊和勇气来测试我。A. knowledge知识；B. courage勇气；C. wisdom智慧；D. duty职责。根据下文第14空前的“My mother told me to have courage”可知，此处是信息词“courage”的词汇复现。故选B。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们班有31名学生，大家从一年级起就彼此认识。A. missed错过，思念；B. married结婚；C. known知道；D. forgotten忘记。根据上文“Our class consisted of 31 students”可知，既然是同学，那么应该从一年级时就相互认识了。故选C。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在初中，我们大多数人都会选择一些朋友，在课余时间和他们一起出去玩。A. preferred更喜欢，宁愿；B. invited邀请；C. protected保护；D. recommended推荐。根据上文“most of us had chosen groups of friends”可知，在初中时，大多数人都会选择自己比较喜欢的朋友一起在空闲时出去玩。故选A。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很快发现，我们班的大多数人开始取笑我最好的朋友，并在学校其他地方散布不实之词。A. family家庭；B. class班级；C. school学校；D. team队伍。根据第3空前的“Our class”可知，此处的class是集合名词，作者班级里面的大多数人开始嘲笑作者的朋友。故选B。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不想让同样的人来取笑我，但我知道，我不能只是袖手旁观，让我的好朋友独自应对这一切。A. defeating打败；B. following跟着；C. cheating欺骗；D. joking开玩笑。根据上文“I soon found that the majority of our class began to make fun of my best friend”可知，空处和“make fun of”对应，需填joking。故选D。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我不想让同样的人来取笑我，但我知道，我不能只是袖手旁观，让我的好朋友独自应对这一切。A. hurriedly匆忙地；B. secretly秘密地；C. selfishly自私地；D. alone独自。根据上文“I knew that I couldn’t just sit back”可知，此处是说作者不想坐视不管，让自己的朋友独自一人去面对这一切。故选D。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天我都会想起我的朋友，知道随着时间的流逝，他会变得越来越不开心。A. father父亲；B. searcher搜寻者；C. friend朋友；D. neighbor邻居。根据上文“let my best friend deal with this”可知，此处是信息词“friend”的词汇复现。故选C。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每天我都会想起我的朋友，知道随着时间的推移，他会变得越来越不开心。A. nervous紧张的；B. careless粗心的；C. unhappy不开心的；D. unfriendly不友好的。根据上文“I soon found that the majority of our class began to make fun of my best friend and spread what weren’t true around the rest of the school”可知，受到别人的嘲笑，朋友当然会越来越不开心。故选C。 10．考查介词词义辨析。句意：我很快就决定和我母亲谈谈这件事，因为她就像我朋友的第二个母亲。A. like像；B. with带有，和……一起；C. against反对；D. after在……之后。根据下文“a second mother to my friend”可知，此处表示对于朋友来说，自己的妈妈也像朋友的妈妈一样。故选A。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的建议是勇敢些，对他保持忠诚。A. hardworking勤奋的；B. brave勇敢的；C. silent沉默的；D. optimistic乐观的。根据下文“My mother told me to have courage”可知，此处对应“courage”，需填brave。故选B。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她告诉我，友谊是人生中最重要的事物之一，它能帮助一个人成长。A. friendship友谊；B. determination决心；C. cleverness聪明；D. health健康。根据下文“My mother told me to have courage”和“for my friend”可知，妈妈告诉作者友谊的重要性。故选A。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她告诉我，友谊是生命中最重要的东西之一，它能帮助一个人成长。A. study学习，研究；B. survive幸存；C. think想，认为；D. grow成长。根据上文“friendship is one of the most important things in life that helps a person”和作者和自己的朋友当时还都是孩子可知，友谊能帮助一个人成长。故选D。 14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我母亲告诉我要有勇气，为我的朋友挺身而出，哪怕这意味着要冒着损害我自己声誉的风险。A. come back回来；B. watch out当心；C. get away离开；D. stand up站起来。根据连词and前的have courage可知，此处是母亲鼓励作者的话语，母亲让作者勇敢地站起来，帮助朋友。故选D。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我母亲告诉我要有勇气，为我的朋友挺身而出，哪怕这意味着要冒着损害我自己声誉的风险。A. money钱；B. reputation名誉；C. business生意；D. life生活。前文提到过自己不希望那些人嘲笑自己，与此细节相吻合的应该是B项，为朋友挺身而出，自己的名声可能有受损的风险。故选B。 四、健康—减肥 I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was 1______. I worried about my weight and tried every new 2______ I read about online. I tried no-fat, low-fat, 5:2, only bananas, no bananas—I almost went bananas, too. Then I read an article that said instead of asking "Am I fat?" I should be asking "Am I 3______?" I had no idea a letter could make such a 4______! Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight, things began to 5______. Instead of saying "I want to lose three kilos", I would say "I want to run two kilometres in eight minutes" or "I want to be able to do 30 6______". Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed, I 7______ healthy foods to my meals. I could still have a burger now and then, but I would add a salad or an apple. Finally, I stopped 8______ myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body. Instead, I made a list of the things I liked about myself. By being 9______ about myself and my body, I became both happier and 10______. It's not easy to change your mindset, but it's worth it. Focusing on fitness rather than weight makes me feel more confident. I no longer worry about my appearance too much, 11______ I pay more attention to my health. I often exercise to keep fit, 12______ running and doing push-ups. These activities make me feel energetic every day. I also learn to accept my body 13______ it is. Nobody is perfect, and we should love ourselves first. 14______ you start to care about fitness and be positive, you will find life becomes more beautiful. Don't let the pressure of looking slim 15______ you feel bad about yourself. 1. A. possible B. impossible C. easy D. hard 2. A. diet B. sport C. book D. game 3. A. fat B. thin C. fit D. tall 4. A. problem B. difference C. mistake D. noise 5. A. change B. stop C. stay D. end 6. A. runs B. jumps C. push-ups D. walks 7. A. took B. added C. threw D. cut 8. A. comparing B. helping C. asking D. fighting 9. A. negative B. positive C. worried D. angry 10. A. unhealthier B. healthier C. sadder D. busier 11. A. and B. but C. so D. or 12. A. such as B. instead of C. because of D. thanks to 13. A. as B. like C. for D. with 14. A. If B. Unless C. Though D. Because 15. A. make B. let C. get D. have 【答案】1-5BACBA 6-10 CBABB 11-15 BAAAA 【导语】这篇文章主要讲述了一位女性从盲目追求外在苗条到转向关注内在健康与力量的转变过程。通过将目标从“减重”调整为“健身”，停止与他人比较并学会自我接纳，她最终获得了更大的自信与幸福感。 【解析】 1. B 解析：原文明确提到“even though I knew that it was impossible”，impossible意为“不可能的”，故选B。 2. A 解析：根据原文“I tried every new diet I read about online”，diet意为“节食方法、饮食方案”，故选A。 3. C 解析：由原文“instead of asking 'Am I fat?' I should be asking 'Am I fit?'”，fit意为“健康的、强健的”，故选C。 4. B 解析：固定搭配“make such a difference”表示“产生如此大的影响”，与原文“I had no idea a letter could make such a difference”一致，故选B。 5. A 解析：根据原文“Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight, things began to change”，change意为“改变”，故选A。 6. C 解析：原文提到“I want to be able to do 30 push-ups”，push-up意为“俯卧撑”，复数形式push-ups，故选C。 7. B 解析：由原文“I added healthy foods to my meals”，add意为“添加”，“add...to...”表示“把……添加到……”，故选B。 8. A 解析：固定搭配“compare...with...”表示“把……和……比较”，原文“stopped comparing myself with actresses and models”，故选A。 9. B 解析：根据原文“By being positive about myself and my body”，positive意为“积极的”，故选B。 10. B 解析：由原文“I became both happier and healthier”，healthier意为“更健康的”，与happier并列，故选B。 11. B 解析：“我不再过多担心外貌”和“我更关注健康”是转折关系，but表转折，故选B。 12. A 解析：此处指“我经常锻炼来保持健康，比如跑步和做俯卧撑”，such as意为“比如、例如”，用于举例，故选A。 13. A 解析：固定搭配“accept...as it is”表示“接受……本来的样子”，此处指“学会接受自己的身体本来的样子”，故选A。 14. A 解析：“当你开始关注健康并保持积极态度时，你会发现生活变得更美好”，if表假设，故选A。 15. A 解析：固定搭配“make sb. feel bad”表示“让某人感到难过”，此处指“不要让变苗条的压力让你对自己感到难过”，故选A。 4、 电影 Andrew DeGraff has been working as an illustrator (插画师) for over 15 years. He makes detailed, fancy maps that outline the movements of main 1 in movies. DeGraff thinks illustrating everything that happens in a movie on one page is 2 to playing Tetris (俄罗斯方块) . “The work is 3 because I need lots of time to make sure everything 4 perfectly.” he says. At first, DeGraff got a task to make a map for a travel article. Then he thought about 5 other things. He wished to build little movie worlds thinking it would be 6 . He started with movies that 7 him. As a child of the 80s, he loves Star Wars, so he 8 a single huge map of the first six Star Wars films. Now it has been 9 in his big illustrated book called Cinemaps. An Atlas of 35 Great Movies. DeGraff uses a kind of watercolor paint called gouache. Once it’s on the paper, it won’t come off. so there’s no room for 10 . Also, making geographical sense of movies 11 means watching each movie between 10 and 30 times. DeGraff starts by writing down where all the main characters go. Next, he connects all the places and scenes together. After that, he maps out the 12 on a big piece of paper, which often takes several failed attempts before he eventually 13 a final design. Once he has got all the important factors under 14 , he is ready to paint. 15 each of the maps requires a great amount of effort. DeGraff loves making them and gets pleasure from his work. 1．A．storytellers B．dialogues C．directors D．characters 2．A．similar B．important C．strange D．beneficial 3．A．satisfying B．interesting C．challenging D．moving 4．A．gets around B．works out C．falls apart D．rises up 5．A．writing B．selling C．mapping D．sharing 6．A．enjoyable B．acceptable C．educational D．shocking 7．A．frightened B．calmed C．bored D．attracted 8．A．created B．chose C．bought D．copied 9．A．hidden B．collected C．translated D．studied 10．A．doubt B．error C．success D．misunderstanding 11．A．hardly B．officially C．immediately D．generally 12．A．possibilities B．moments C．positions D．differences 13．A．gives up B．advises on C．forgets about D．settles on 14．A．control B．pressure C．discussion D．review 15．A．Now that B．If only C．Even though D．In case 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．A 9．B 10．B 11．D 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了插画师Andrew DeGraff的工作经历，他专门制作电影中主角行动轨迹的详细而精美的地图，并分享了创作这些地图的过程和感受。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他制作了详细的、精美的地图，这些地图概述了电影中主要角色的运动轨迹。A. storytellers讲故事的人；B. dialogues对话；C. directors导演；D. characters角色。根据上文“that outline the movements of main”以及下文“in movies.”可知，这些地图展示的是电影中主要角色的运动轨迹。故选D。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：DeGraff认为，在一页纸上描绘出电影中发生的所有事情，类似于玩俄罗斯方块。A. similar相似的；B. important重要的；C. strange奇怪的；D. beneficial有益的。根据后文“playing Tetris”可知，作者认为这项工作类似于玩俄罗斯方块，表示两者之间有相似之处。故选A。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说：“这项工作很有挑战性，因为我需要大量的时间来确保一切都进展地完美。”A. satisfying令人满意的；B. interesting有趣的；C. challenging有挑战性的；D. moving动人的。根据后文“because I need lots of time to make sure everything __4__ perfectly”可知，这项工作需要花费大量时间，所以很有挑战性。故选C。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他说：“这项工作很有挑战性，因为我需要大量的时间来确保一切都进展地完美。”A. gets around到处走动；B. works out进展；C. falls apart崩溃；D. rises up上升。根据上文“because I need lots of time”可知，需要大量的时间来确保一切都进展地完美无缺。故选B。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他开始考虑绘制其他事物的地图。A. writing写作；B. selling卖；C. mapping绘制地图；D. sharing分享。根据上文“At first，DeGraff got a task to make a map for a travel article”可知，他最开始是为一篇旅行文章绘制地图，然后他开始考虑绘制其他事物的地图。故选C。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他希望构建一个小型的电影世界，认为这将是愉快的。A. enjoyable愉快的；B. acceptable可接受的；C. educational有教育意义的；D. shocking令人震惊的。根据文章最后“DeGraff loves making them and gets pleasure from his work.”可知，他热爱这项工作并从中得到快乐，所以他认为这将是愉快的。故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他从吸引他的电影开始。A. frightened使害怕；B. calmed使平静；C. bored使无聊；D. attracted吸引。根据下文“As a child of the 80s, be loves Star Wars”可知，他从自己喜欢的电影开始。故选D。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为80年代的孩子，他爱星球大战，所以，他为前六部《星球大战》电影创建了一张巨大的单张地图。A. created创建；B. chose选择；C. bought买；D. copied复制。根据文章开头“Andrew DeGraff has been working as an illustrator (插画师) for over 15 years.”可知，DeGraff是插画师，所以为前六部《星球大战》电影创建了一张巨大的单张地图。故选A。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，它已经被收集在他的大型插图本《电影地图：35部伟大电影的地图集》中。A. hidden躲藏；B. collected收集；C. translated翻译；D. studied学习。根据上文“He wished to build little movie worlds”以及“He started with movies”可知，作者创建了这些地图，现在被收集在他的大型插图本中。故选B。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：水彩颜料一旦上纸就无法修改，所以没有犯错误的余地。A. doubt怀疑；B. errors错误；C. success成功；D. misunderstanding误解。根据上文“Once it’s on the paper, it won’t come off”可知，这种水彩一旦画在纸上就不会掉下来，所以，没有犯错误的余地。故选B。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，对电影进行地理解读通常意味着每部电影要看10到30次。A. hardly几乎不；B. officially正式地；C. immediately立即；D. generally通常。根据下文“means watching each movie between 10 and 30 times”可知，对电影进行地理解读通常意味着每部电影要看10到30次。故选D。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：之后，他在一张大纸上标出位置，这往往需要几次失败的尝试，才能最终确定一个最终设计。A. possibilities可能性；B. moments时刻；C. positions位置；D. differences差异。根据上文“DeGraff starts by writing down where all the main characters go. Next, he connects all the places and scenes together”可知，DeGraff首先写下所有主要角色的去向，然后连接所有的地点和场景，之后就是标出位置。故选C。 13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：之后，他在一张大纸上标出位置，这往往需要几次失败的尝试，才能最终确定一个最终设计。A. gives up放弃；B. advises on就……提供建议；C. forgets about忘记；D. settles on决定。根据上文“which often takes several failed attempts”可知，经过几次失败的尝试后，最终确定一个最终设计。故选D。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一旦他控制了所有重要的因素，他就准备画画了。A. control控制；B. pressure压力；C. discussion讨论；D. review回顾。根据上文“Once he has got all the important factors”可知，一旦他控制了所有重要的因素，他就准备画画了。under control固定短语，在控制下。故选A。 15．考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管绘制每张地图都需要大量的努力，但DeGraff喜欢制作它们，并从他的工作中获得乐趣。A. Now that既然；B. If only要是……就好了；C. Even though即使；D. In case以防万一。根据下文“each of the maps requires a great amount of effort.”和“DeGraff loves making them and gets pleasure from his work”可知，前后文构成转折关系，应用even though引导让步状语从句。故选C。 5、 健康—运动 In Grade 10, I was far from being the athletic type. I was short, thin, and the 1 person for any sports team. So I showed no 2 in an upcoming school basketball game. One afternoon, my friend Leo came over to me. “Hey, we’re short one 3 ,” he said. I laughed. “Me? I can’t play basketball.” “You don’t have to be great,” he replied. “You just have to 4 .” Unwillingly, I agreed, more out of guilt (内疚) than excitement. The first 5 was terrible. I 6 every shot, even ran in the wrong direction and almost gave up. But then our coach, Mr. Evans, pulled me aside. “You’ve got what others forget,” he said. I looked at him, 7 . “Heart. You keep going. You listen. That matters.” The next few weeks, Leo 8 me after school, showing me how to move, pass, and shoot. I still wasn’t the best, but I felt I was 9 . On game day, I acted nervously at first, but soon I 10 what I had learnt. In the second half, I became 11 . When Leo passed me the ball, I shot and made it. The crowd cheered. We didn’t win that day, but I had made a(n) 12 before everyone. I felt a sense of belonging for the first time. After the 13 , Mr. Evans tapped me on the back. “I 14 you,” he smiled. That game taught me sometimes we discover our strength not because we 15 , but because we dare to try. 1．A．first B．last C．suitable D．powerful 2．A．interest B．talent C．anxiety D．honor 3．A．coach B．audience C．player D．host 4．A．wait B．try C．track D．sweat 5．A．competition B．crash C．sight D．practice 6．A．damaged B．missed C．caught D．blocked 7．A．frightened B．excited C．confused D．annoyed 8．A．requested B．admired C．avoided D．helped 9．A．scheduling B．suffering C．improving D．affecting 10．A．focused on B．came along C．took down D．brought up 11．A．stressed B．tired C．awkward D．relaxed 12．A．promise B．shot C．wave D．event 13．A．game B．debate C．meeting D．fight 14．A．followed B．questioned C．told D．cheated 15．A．win B．survive C．prepare D．calm 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．C 10．A 11．D 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在十年级时因身材瘦小、并非运动型人才，原本对篮球比赛毫无兴趣，却在朋友里奥的邀请下加入球队。起初训练糟糕至极，在教练的鼓励和朋友的帮助下逐渐进步，最终在比赛中成功投篮，收获归属感，并领悟到“敢于尝试才能发现自身力量”的道理。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我又矮又瘦，是任何运动队都不会考虑的最后人选。A. first第一的；B. last最后的；C. suitable合适的；D. powerful有力量的。根据上文“I was far from being the athletic type. I was short, thin”可知，作者不擅长运动，身材条件也不好，所以是运动队“最后”才会考虑的人选，故选B。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我对即将到来的学校篮球赛毫无兴趣。A. interest兴趣；B. talent天赋；C. anxiety焦虑；D. honor荣誉。根据上文作者不擅长运动的特点以及“far from being the athletic type”可知，作者对篮球赛没有“兴趣”，故选A。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“嘿，我们还差一个队员，”他说。A. coach教练；B. audience观众；C. player队员；D. host主人，主持人，主办者。根据下文“Me? I can’t play basketball.”以及加入球队的语境可知，里奥的球队还差一个“队员”，故选C。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你不必打得很好，”他回答道。“你只需要尝试一下。”A. wait等待；B. try尝试；C. track追踪；D. sweat出汗。根据上文“You don’t have to be great”和下文作者同意加入并参与训练的内容，以及最后一句“because we dare to try”的呼应可知，里奥鼓励作者“尝试”即可，故选B。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：第一次训练糟透了。A. competition比赛；B. crash碰撞；C. sight视力；D. practice训练。根据下文“every shot, even ran in the wrong direction and almost gave up”以及“showed me how to move, pass, and shoot”的训练内容可知，这是加入球队后的第一次“训练”，故选D。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我每次投篮都不中，甚至跑错方向，几乎要放弃了。A. damaged损坏；B. missed未击中，错过；C. caught抓住；D. blocked阻挡。根据上文“terrible”以及“almost gave up”可知，作者训练表现很差，投篮都“未击中”，故选B。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我困惑地看着他。A. frightened害怕的；B. excited兴奋的；C. confused困惑的；D. annoyed恼怒的。根据上文作者表现糟糕却被教练说“You’ve got what others forget”可知，作者对教练话的不理解，是“困惑的”，故选C。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：接下来的几个星期，里奥放学后都帮助我，教我如何移动、传球和投篮。A. requested要求；B. admired钦佩；C. avoided避免；D. helped帮助。根据下文“showing me how to move, pass, and shoot”可知，里奥在“帮助”作者提升篮球技能，故选D。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我仍然不是最棒的，但我感觉自己在进步。A. scheduling安排；B. suffering遭受；C. improving改进，改善，提高；D. affecting影响。根据上文里奥的帮助以及“but”的转折可知，作者虽然不是最优秀的，但在“进步、提高”，故选C。 10．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：比赛那天，一开始我表现得很紧张，但很快我就专注于我所学的内容。A. focused on专注于；B. came along出现，跟随；C. took down记下；D. brought up提出，抚养。根据下文“When Leo passed me the ball, I shot and made it”可知，作者从紧张状态调整过来，“专注于”所学的技巧，才能成功投篮，故选A。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：下半场，我变得放松了。A. stressed紧张的；B. tired疲惫的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. relaxed放松的。根据上文“what I had learnt”以及下文“When Leo passed me the ball, I shot and made it.”可知，作者不再紧张，变得“放松了”，故选D。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天我们没有赢，但我在所有人面前投进了一个球。A. promise承诺；B. shot投篮；C. wave挥手；D. event事件。根据上文“I shot and made it”可知，作者成功投进了一个“球”，故选B。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：比赛结束后，埃文斯教练拍了拍我的后背。A. game比赛；B. debate辩论；C. meeting会议；D. fight打架。根据上文“On game day”以及比赛中的表现可知，此处指“比赛”结束后，故选A。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我就知道你能行，”他笑着说。A. followed跟随；B. questioned质疑；C. told（此处可理解为“就知道”）；D. cheated欺骗。根据上文“Mr. Evans tapped me on the back”等内容可知，教练是在肯定作者，“I told you”为口语中常用表达，意为“我就知道你能行”，符合语境，故选C。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那场比赛教会我，有时候我们发现自己的力量，不是因为我们赢了，而是因为我们敢于尝试。A. win赢；B. survive幸存；C. prepare准备；D. calm冷静。根据上文“We didn’t win that day”以及后文转折词“but”可知，作者虽然没“赢”比赛，但通过尝试发现了自身力量，故选A。 6、 节日与风俗 The kite is believed to have originated in China. Since its invention, there have been many 1 to the kite by various cultures around the world. The kite you probably flew as a kid looks a bit different to the 2 Chinese kites and even the kites of modern China. Kites were 3 in the early Warring States Period by Mozi and Lu Ban, two philosophers who came after the teachings of Confucius. The kites were 4 to China for many years before the knowledge of how to make and use them advanced. The period 5 many attacks from foreign powers, as well as civil unrest. Kites played a role in providing military intelligence for the 6 . The first kites were what we today would call prototype kites: they were made of light wood and cloth. They were 7 to mimic (模仿) a bird’s natural flight. The first Chinese kites were used for 8 distances, which was useful information for moving large armies across difficult 9 . They were also used to calculate and record wind readings and 10 a unique form of communication similar to ship flags at sea. Chinese kites 11 represent mythological characters, symbolic creatures, as well as legendary 12 . Some have whistles or strings designed to make unique 13 while flying. Besides, they can be 14 two categories: large and small kites. Today, you will see people flying small kites with children in many Chinese parks. You can also see adults flying larger kites and using more advanced methods with larger ropes to 15 the great size. 1．A．explorations B．discussions C．adaptations D．solutions 2．A．unique B．common C．original D．colorful 3．A．invented B．flown C．unearthed D．used 4．A．strange B．familiar C．imaginary D．particular 5．A．survived B．saw C．overtook D．handled 6．A．forces B．towns C．factories D．educators 7．A．described B．decorated C．designed D．pictured 8．A．covering B．measuring C．marking D．recording 9．A．rivers B．situations C．valleys D．areas 10．A．created B．established C．developed D．provided 11．A．usually B．exactly C．normally D．commonly 12．A．stories B．figures C．cartoons D．traditions 13．A．sounds B．structures C．shapes D．adjustments 14．A．compared with B．based on C．divided into D．made of 15．A．drive B．support C．maintain D．operate 【答案】 1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．D 11．A 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了风筝的起源、发展及特点分类。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：自从风筝发明以来，世界各地的各种文化都对风筝进行了许多改进。A. explorations探索；B. discussions讨论；C. adaptations适应，改进；D. solutions解决方案。根据后文“The kite you probably flew as a kid looks a bit different to the  ___2___  Chinese kites and even the kites of modern China.” 可知，不同文化下的风筝有差异，这说明世界各地各种文化对风筝进行了许多改进。故选C。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你小时候放的风筝看起来与最初的中国风筝，甚至现代中国的风筝都有点不同。A. unique独特的；B. common常见的；C. original最初的；D. colorful多彩的。根据后文“even the kites of modern China”可知，此处说的是小时候放的风筝和最初的中国风筝，甚至现代中国的风筝不同。故选C。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：风筝是在战国早期由墨子和鲁班发明的，这两位哲学家是孔子教义的继承者。A. invented发明；B. flown飞；C. unearthed发掘；D. used使用。根据后文“by Mozi and Lu Ban, two philosophers who came after the teachings of Confucius”以及常识可知，风筝是墨子和鲁班发明的。故选A。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：风筝是中国特有的，在如何制作和使用风筝的知识发展之前，风筝已经存在了很多年。A. strange奇怪的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. imaginary想象的；D. particular特别的。根据后文“before the knowledge of how to make and use them advanced”可知，在制作和使用风筝的知识发展之前，风筝是中国特有的，在中国存在很多年。be particular to表示“为……所特有”，这里指风筝是中国特有的。故选D。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个时期见证了许多来自外国的攻击以及国内动荡。A. survived幸存；B. saw见证；C. overtook超过；D. handled处理。根据后文“many attacks from foreign powers, as well as civil unrest”可知，这里描述的是这个时期见证了很多外敌攻击和国内动荡事件。故选B。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：风筝在为军队提供军事情报方面发挥了作用。A. forces军队；B. towns城镇；C. factories工厂；D. educators教育者。根据前文“military intelligence”可知，这里说的是为军队提供情报。故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们被设计成模仿鸟类的自然飞行。A. described描述；B. decorated装饰；C. designed设计；D. pictured想象。根据后文“to mimic (模仿) a bird’s natural flight”可知，风筝被设计成模仿鸟的飞行。故选C。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最早的中国风筝被用来测量距离，这对于让大部队穿越复杂地区来说是有用的信息。A. covering覆盖，行进；B. measuring测量；C. marking标记；D. recording记录。根据后文“distances, which was useful information for moving large armies”可知，风筝用于测量距离，这对大部队行军有很多的帮助。故选B。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最早的中国风筝被用来测量距离，这对于让大部队穿越复杂地区来说是有用的信息。A. rivers河流；B. situations情况；C. valleys山谷；D. areas地区。根据前文“moving large armies across difficult”可知，大部队行军是在不同的区域。故选D。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们还被用来计算和记录风速，并提供一种独特的类似于海上船只旗帜的通信方式。A. created创造；B. established建立；C. developed发展；D. provided提供。根据后文“a unique form of communication similar to ship flags at sea”可知，风筝还提供了一种独特的通信方式。故选D。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：中国风筝通常代表神话人物、象征性生物以及传奇人物。A. usually通常；B. exactly恰好；C. normally正常地；D. commonly常见地。根据后文“represent mythological characters, symbolic creatures”可知，中国风筝通常代表神话人物等。usually和commonly都有“通常”的意思，但usually更强调习惯性、经常性。故选A。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国风筝通常代表神话人物、象征性生物以及传奇人物。A. stories故事；B. figures人物；C. cartoons卡通；D. traditions传统。根据前文“mythological characters, symbolic creatures”以及“legendary”可知，这里说的是风筝还代表传奇人物。故选B。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些风筝装有哨子或绳子，设计成在飞行时发出独特的声音。A. sounds声音；B. structures结构；C. shapes形状；D. adjustments调整。根据前文“Some have whistles or strings”可知，有些风筝装有哨子或绳子，飞行时会发出独特声音。故选A。 14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：此外，它们可以分为两大类：大型风筝和小型风筝。A. compared with与……相比；B. based on基于；C. divided into分成；D. made of由……制成。根据后文“two categories: large and small kites”可知，风筝被分成两大类。故选C。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你也可以看到成年人放更大的风筝，并使用更先进的方法和更大的绳子来支撑巨大的风筝。A. drive驾驶；B. support支撑；C. maintain维持；D. operate操作。根据前文“adults flying larger kites and using more advanced methods with larger ropes”可知，成年人用大绳子支撑大风筝。故选B。 7、 文学 In the small town of St. Petersburg, as described in Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Tom, a lively and intelligent boy, often made Aunt Polly, the woman responsible for his life, worried. The ___1___ of a summer Saturday morning hung heavily in the air, and Aunt Polly, with a serious look, told Tom to whitewash the long and aged fence around their yard. This was the dull task Tom had been trying to ___2___, seeing it as a punishment that would ___3___ his precious playtime. Tom picked up the old, worn-out brush and dipped it into the thick whitewash. The whitewash stuck tightly to the bristles(刷毛), making the brush feel ___4___. As he started painting half-heartedly, Ben Rogers came along, ___5___ into a red apple with a loud crunch. “Tom, you’ re stuck working while we play!” Ben laughed. But Tom’s mind worked quickly. A plan ___6___ in his head. He stood up straight and began to whistle(吹口哨)cheerfully, painting with great ___7___. “Ben, this isn’t work at all,” Tom ___48___ with excitement. “It’s like a special game, and I’m lucky to do it!” Attracted by Tom’s enthusiasm, Ben asked if he could have a try. Tom held onto the brush tightly, ___9___ to be hesitant. Ben ___10___ begged and offered his apple. Soon, other boys, including Johnny Miller and Billy Fisher, were also ___11___ by Tom’s act. They all wanted a ___12___, trading their marbles, toys, and candies for the chance to paint. When the sun started to set, the fence stood spotlessly white, its ___13___ smooth and even. Tom, sitting in the shade, looked at his “work” with a satisfied smile. He had turned the tiresome, boring labor into an exciting activity through his ___14___. And guess what? He got another apple from Aunt Polly as a ___15___! 1. A. coolness B. warmth C. coldness D. heat 2. A. suffer B. avoid C. undertake D. accomplish 3. A. spend B. steal C. share D. save 4. A. full B. heavy C. strange D. comfortable 5. A. biting B. smelling C. showing D. tasting 6. A. faded B. formed C. failed D. fell 7. A. earnestness B. patience C. pressure D. enthusiasm 8. A. attempted B. appealed C. explained D. required 9. A. deciding B. forcing C. pretending D. agreeing 10. A. helplessly B. carefully C. sadly D. eagerly 11. A. tricked B. awakened C. inspired D. warned 12. A. turn B. look C. break D. stage 13. A. bottom B. edge C. gap D. surface 14. A. sincerity B. honesty C. wisdom D. nobility 15. A. souvenir B. target C. reward D. comfort 【答案】 1. D 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. C 10. D 11. A 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述马克·吐温《汤姆·索亚历险记》中汤姆将粉刷篱笆的惩罚转化为有趣活动的故事。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个夏天的周六上午，热气沉重地弥漫在空气中，波莉阿姨一脸严肃地让汤姆粉刷院子周围那道又长又旧的篱笆。A. coolness凉爽；B. warmth温暖；C. coldness寒冷；D. heat热，炎热天气。根据常识、语境和下文的“summer Saturday morning”可知，夏天的上午充满热气，故选D项。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是汤姆一直试图逃避的枯燥任务，他把这看作是一种惩罚，会偷走他宝贵的玩耍时间。A. suffer遭受；B. avoid逃避；C. undertake承担；D. accomplish完成。根据下文的“seeing it as a punishment”可知，汤姆试图逃避这个任务，故选B项。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是汤姆一直试图逃避的枯燥任务，他把这看作是一种惩罚，会偷走他宝贵的玩耍时间。A. spend花费；B. steal偷窃；C. share分享；D. save节省。根据上文的“This was the dull task Tom had been trying to ... ”以及下文的“his precious playtime”可知，汤姆认为粉刷篱笆是无聊的任务，由此可知，他会认为粉刷“偷走”他的玩耍时间，故选B项。 4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：石灰水紧紧粘在刷毛上，使刷子感觉很重。A. full满的；B. heavy重的；C. strange奇怪的；D. comfortable舒适的。根据上文的“The whitewash stuck tightly to the bristles(刷毛)”可知，刷子粘了石灰水后变重，故选B项。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他开始半心半意地刷漆时，本·罗杰斯走了过来，大口咬着一个红苹果，发出咯吱的响声。A. biting咬；B. smelling闻；C. showing展示；D. tasting品尝。根据下文的“into a red apple with a loud crunch”可知，本在咬苹果，故选A项。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他脑子里形成了一个计划。A. faded褪色；B. formed形成；C. failed失败；D. fell落下。根据上文的“But Tom’s mind worked quickly.”可知，汤姆脑子里形成了一个计划，故选B项。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他挺直身子，开始兴高采烈地吹口哨，兴致勃勃地粉刷着。A. earnestness认真；B. patience耐心；C. pressure压力；D. enthusiasm热情。根据上文的“He stood up straight and began to whistle(吹口哨)cheerfully”可知，汤姆表现得很有热情，故选D项。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“本，这根本不是工作，”汤姆兴奋地解释道。A. attempted尝试；B. appealed呼吁；C. explained解释；D. required要求。根据上文的“Ben, this isn’t work at all”可知，汤姆在向本解释，故选C项。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：汤姆紧紧抓住刷子，假装犹豫。A. deciding决定；B. forcing强迫；C. pretending假装；D. agreeing同意。根据上文的“Attracted by Tom’s enthusiasm, Ben asked if he could have a try.”可知，汤姆假装犹豫，以激起本的兴趣，故选C项。 10. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：本急切地恳求着，并拿出了他的苹果。A. helplessly无助地；B. carefully仔细地；C. sadly悲伤地；D. eagerly急切地。根据下文的“and offered his apple”可知，本给他拿出一个苹果，由此可推断，此处指的是本急切地恳求汤姆让他刷篱笆，故选D项。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，其他男孩，包括约翰尼·米勒和比利·费舍尔，也被汤姆的行为欺骗了。A. tricked欺骗；B. awakened唤起；C. inspired激励；D. warned警告。根据下文的“They all wanted a ..., trading their marbles, toys, and candies for the chance to paint.”可知，其他男孩被汤姆欺骗，以为粉刷篱笆很有趣，故选A项。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们都想轮流刷一下，用他们的弹珠、玩具和糖果来换取粉刷的机会。A. turn轮流；B. look看；C. break休息，中断；D. stage阶段。根据下文的“trading their marbles, toys, and candies for the chance to paint”可知，他们用弹珠、玩具和糖果来换取粉刷的机会，由此可知，他们都想轮流刷篱笆，故选A项。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当太阳开始落山时，篱笆被刷得洁白无瑕，表面光滑平整。A. bottom底部；B. edge边缘；C. gap间隙；D. surface表面。根据语境和上文的“When the sun started to set, the fence stood spotlessly white”以及下文的“smooth and even”可知，此处指的是篱笆的表面光滑平整，故选D项。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他用自己的智慧把枯燥乏味的劳动变成了一项令人兴奋的活动。A. sincerity真诚；B. honesty诚实；C. wisdom智慧；D. nobility高贵的品质。根据语境和上文的“A plan ... in his head. He stood up straight and began to whistle(吹口哨)cheerfully, painting with great ...”以及下文中“They all wanted a ..., trading their marbles, toys, and candies for the chance to paint.”可知，汤姆通过巧妙的计划让其他男孩帮他刷篱笆，这体现了他的智慧，故选C项。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他从波莉阿姨那里又得到了一个苹果作为奖励！A. souvenir纪念品；B. target目标；C. reward奖励；D. comfort安慰。根据上文的“got another apple”可知，这是波莉阿姨给他的奖励，故选C项。 1、 任务型阅读 第一节 任务型阅读 (满分20分) On a bright and sunny day, Ariel Rojas set off on her exciting adventure of hiking and bird-watching at the Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in Queens, New York. Little did she know that she would run into something completely unusual the day. Just a mile into her walk, her eyes were drawn to a sight near the water’s edge. There lay a magnificent female mute swan. Rojas, who has experience working at the Wild Bird Fund rehab center in Manhattan, was well aware that mute swans could be quite aggressive. However, this particular swan was different. It remained still and made no move or attempt to attack as she drew closer. It was clear to her that there was something wrong with the swan and that it was in need of medical help. Rojas took immediate action. She slowly and tenderly covered the swan’s head with her jacket, hoping to keep it calm. Then, with utmost care, she picked the heavy bird up, holding it softly in her arms. The next challenge was discouraging. The rehab center was across the East River, on the other side of town. How could she carry such a huge swan out of here on her own? The thought alone almost made her desperate. Just when hope seemed to grow weaker, a man cycling by appeared at the end of the road and got nearer and nearer. There on the back seat of his bike was fixed a big-sized backpack. Rojas made two steps forward with efforts, “Help!” After several good glances at Rojas, the man stopped in front of her. With a concerned expression shifted from a confused one he asked “What’s wrong with the swan?” Rojas made a brief explanation as soon as she could, while the man listened attentively, his eyes fixed on the swan in her arms. 根据文本内容从方框中选择恰当的词并用其正确形式填入下图中, 每词限用一次, 有两词为多余选项。 assist lie possible confuse explore approach expect attack gentle respond cycle curious Rojas, who worked at the Wild Bird Fund rehab center, started her___________in the Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge. She had no idea that she would encounter a/an___________incident later. Rojas found a mute swan___________still near the water’s edge, showing no sign of attacking her at all when she___________. She realized at once that the mute swan needed medical__________. In a quick___________, Rojas carefully picked the mute swan up and___________held her in her arms. She found it___________for her to transport the heavy swan to the rehab center alone. Rojas asked a/an___________who was just passing by for help and explained the situation to him. It seemed to be hopeful as the man’s___________changed into concern about the swan. 根据文本内容回答下列问题。 11. What did Rojas decide to do with the mute swan and what problem did she meet? ________________________________________________________________ 12. How would the man help Rojas? ________________________________________________________________ 13. What would happen to the swan in the end? ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】①. exploration ②. unexpected ③. lying ④. approached/was approaching ⑤. assistance ⑥. response ⑦. gently ⑧. impossible ⑨. cyclist ⑩. confusion 11. She decided to send the mute swan to the rehab center for medical help, but it was too heavy for her to carry. 12. (Possible version) He would give his bike/backpack to Rojas for her to transport the swan. /He would accompany Rojas to the rehab center with his bike carrying the mute swan. 13. (Possible version) Rojas would set the mute swan free after it got medical treatment in time and came back to life soon. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Ariel Rojas在野生动物保护区徒步观鸟时，发现一只哑天鹅状态不佳需救助。她抱起天鹅后因康复中心很远而发愁，此时一名骑自行车的人出现，Rojas向其简短解释了天鹅的情况。 (1) 考查名词。根据第一段中“On a bright and sunny day, Ariel Rojas set off on her exciting adventure of hiking and bird-watching at the Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in Queens, New York. (在一个阳光明媚的日子里，Ariel Rojas在纽约皇后区的牙买加湾野生动物保护区开始了她令人兴奋的徒步旅行和观鸟之旅)”可知，名词exploration“探索，探险”符合题意，表示Rojas开启了她在自然保护区内的探险之旅。故填exploration。 (2) 考查动词。根据第一段中“Little did she know that this day would be filled with an extraordinary encounter. (她不知道这一天将会有一场不同寻常的邂逅)”可知，她完全没想到之后会遇到这样一件意想不到的事情。形容词unexpected符合题意，表示她不知道自己接下来会遇到什么，修饰incident。故填unexpected。 (3) 考查动词。根据第二段“There lay a magnificent female mute swan.(那里躺着一只姿态优美的雌性疣鼻天鹅)”可知，罗贾斯发现一只哑哑叫的天鹅静静地躺在水边，当她靠近它时，它丝毫没有攻击她的迹象。表示“躺着”用动词lie，修饰swan且为主动关系，故用现在分词形式，故填lying。 (4) 考查动词。根据第二段中“It remained still and made no move or attempt to attack as she drew closer. (当她走近时，它仍然一动不动，没有移动或试图攻击)”可知，罗贾斯发现一只哑哑叫的天鹅静静地躺在水边，当她靠近它时，它丝毫没有攻击她的迹象。动词approach“靠近”符合题意，表示在她靠近时，此处可用一般过去时，表示是过去发生的行为，也可用过去进行时，表示在靠近这一行为进行的情况下，主语为she，be动词需用was。故填approached/was approaching。 (5) 考查形容词。根据第二段中“It was clear to her that there was something wrong with the swan and that it was in need of medical help. (她很清楚，这只天鹅出了问题，需要医疗救助)”可知，名词assistance“救助”符合题意，表示天鹅需要医疗救助。故填assistance。 (6) 考查名词。根据第三段中“Rojas took immediate action. (Rojas立即采取了行动)”可知，名词response“反应”符合题意，表示迅速反应。故填response。 (7) 考查副词。根据第三段中“Then, with utmost care, she picked the heavy bird up, holding it softly in her arms. (然后，她小心翼翼地把那只沉重的鸟抱起来，轻轻地抱在怀里)”可知，副词gently“轻柔地”符合题意，表示轻柔地把它抱在怀里。故填gently。 (8) 考查形容词。根据第三段中“How could she carry such a huge swan out of here on her own? The thought alone seemed almost impossible. (她一个人怎么可能带着这么大的天鹅离开这里？光是这个想法似乎就几乎是不可能的)”可知，她发现自己独自一人根本无法把这只沉重的天鹅运送到康复中心。用形容词impossible。故填impossible。 (9) 考查名词。根据第四段“Just when hope seemed to grow weaker, a man cycling by appeared at the end of the road and got nearer and nearer.(就在希望似乎愈发渺茫之时，一个骑着自行车经过的人出现在了路的尽头，并且越走越近了)”可知，罗哈斯向刚刚路过的一位骑自行车的人求助，并向他详细说明了情况。为单数名词cyclist。故填cyclist。 (10) 考查名词。根据第四段中“After several good glances at Rojas, the cyclist stopped in front of her, his expression having shifted from confusion to concern, “What’s wrong with the swan?”(仔细看了Rojas几眼后，骑行者停在了她面前，他的表情从困惑变成了担心：“天鹅怎么了？”)”可知，当那个人的困惑逐渐转变为对那只天鹅的担忧时，情况似乎变得乐观起来。表示“担忧”用名词confusion。故填confusion。 【11题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段中“The next challenge was discouraging. The rehab center was across the East River, on the other side of town. How could she carry such a huge swan out of here on her own? (下一个挑战令人沮丧。康复中心在东河对岸，在城镇另一边。她一个人怎么可能带着这么大的天鹅离开这里)”可知，Rojas决定把这只哑天鹅送到康复中心接受治疗，但它太重了，她无法运送。故答案为：She decided to send the mute swan to the rehab center for medical help, but it was too heavy for her to carry. 【12题详解】 考查推理判断。根据第四段中“Just when hope seemed to grow weak, a cyclist appeared at the end of the road and got nearer and nearer. There on the back seat of his bike was fixed a big-sized backpack. (就在希望似乎越来越渺茫的时候，一个骑行者出现在路的尽头，越走越近。在他的自行车后座上固定着一个很大的背包)”可知，骑行者有自行车以及背包，都可以运送这只天鹅。由此推知，他可能会把自己的自行车或背包给Rojas，让她运送天鹅，或者他会用他的自行车载着这只哑天鹅陪Rojas去康复中心。故答案可为：He would give his bike/backpack to Rojas for her to transport the swan. /He would accompany Rojas to the rehab center with his bike carrying the mute swan. 【13题详解】 考查推理判断。根据第四段中“Rojas made a brief explanation as soon as she could, while the cyclist listened attentively, his eyes fixed on the swan in her arms. (Rojas尽可能快地做了一个简短的解释，而骑行者则专注地听着，眼睛盯着她怀里的天鹅)”可推知，骑行者在听了Rojas的解释后，可能会伸出援助之手，在这只哑天鹅接受了及时的治疗并恢复健康后，便将其放飞了。故答案可为：Rojas would set the mute swan free after it got medical treatment in time and came back to life soon. 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $