重难点09 完形填空之说明文（重难专练）（全国通用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

重难点09 完形填空之说明文 ( 内容导航 速度提升 技巧掌握 手感养成 重难考向聚焦 锁定目标 精准打击： 本专 项核心考查方向与高考高频难点是 完形填空的说明文 ，梳理近 5 年高考该题型的重难考点分布 ( 解析21-25年真题及202 6年考试规律，新增熟词僻义/形近词考点分布 ) 重难技巧突破 授予利器 瓦解难点： 1. 结构识别法 —— 先看“骨架”，再看“血肉” 2. 概念锚定法 —— 锁定“核心术语”网络 3. 逻辑显化法 —— 死磕“科学论证逻辑” 4. 语篇线索深挖法 —— 超越句子，纵观全局 重难保分练 稳扎稳打 必拿分数 ： 稳拿基础 分数，确保重难点基础分值 ( 新增近义词 / 形近词专项、熟词僻义专项，夯实基础考点 ) 重难抢分练 突破瓶颈 争夺高分： 攻克中档难题 ( 强化逻辑关系词应用、词汇复现定位训练 ) 重难冲刺练 模拟实战 挑战顶尖： 挑战高考和模拟综合题型，养成稳定攻克难题的“题感”。 ) 考点 五年考情 (2021---2025) 命题趋势 考点1 议论文型 完形填空 (5年1考) 2022浙江6月卷—信任的重要性； 2018浙江卷—越忙越能办好事。 一、整体趋势预测：选材更注重时代性与跨学科性 1.主题前沿化；2.跨学科融合；3.能力考查立体化；4.信息密度增加。 二、命题热点主题预测 (按概率排序) 1.科技与人文交叉领域：如：数字文化遗产保护、脑机接口的医疗应用、城市智慧交通系统的设计逻辑。 2.环境与地球科学：如：气候工程 (碳捕获技术)、极端天气预警机制、生态农业创新案例。 3.行为与经济科学：如：行为经济学实验 (助推理论)、小微企业数字化转型路径、共享经济模型演变。 考点2 说明文型 完形填空 (5年2考) 2022全国乙卷—孩子捉迷藏的背后; 2021天津卷—为小区免费修车; 2015广东卷—长寿与老龄化; 2015安徽卷—减少垃圾，理性消费; 2013广东卷—鸟类感受数字能力; 【题型解读】 1.高考完形填空中的说明文，其题型设计有极强的规律性。它的三大命题本质：①信息重构能力：能否从残缺文本中重建完整信息链。②逻辑推理能力：能否把握句、段、篇之间严密的科学或事理逻辑。③语篇把控能力：能否理解文章的整体组织结构和写作目的。 2.所有题目可归入以下三大类型，每一类都有其独特的“题眼”和“破题点”。 类型一：信息锁定题 (考“准确”)：这类题目的答案，是文中已明确给出的信息的复现、同义转述或直接指代。解题关键在“定位”。 类型二：逻辑衔接题 (考“严密”)：这是说明文的核心题型，占比最大。考查句子、段落之间起承转合的逻辑关系。选项多为连接副词、连词或体现逻辑关系的动词/名词。 类型三：概念应用题 (考“理解”)：这是最高阶的题型，要求你真正理解文中的概念、原理或过程，并能在新的情境中正确应用。答案无法直接复现，需要基于理解的推理。 考点一：指代与复现关系 (信息锁定) 1. In the same way, we can face the ________________ moments of our life rather than run away from them. A. boring B. changeable C. exciting D. dark 【答案】D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同样地，我们可以面对生活中的黑暗时刻，而不是逃避它们。A. boring 无聊的；B. changeable易变的；C. exciting 激动地；D. dark 黑暗的；呼应上文的in fear of the dark，指代人生中的灰暗时期。 2. Reacting to whatever (turns) up with kindness and gratitude is a powerful , a choice supported by hundreds of scientific research studies and recommended in every enduring wisdom tradition for thousands of years. A. attitude B. tool C. choice D. influence 【答案】C 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：无论发生什么，都以善良和感恩之心应对，这是一个有力的选择，这一选择得到了数百项科学研究的支持，并在数千年的古老智慧传统中被推荐。根据复现原则可知，此处指用善良和感恩的心去应对生活中发生的事情是人们做出的一种选择，它有着强大的力量，故选C。 考点二：定义与阐释关系 (概念理解) 3. How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is ____________ to live no longer than 120 years. A. designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。句意：大多数研究年龄的科学家们认为人体被设计的不会活过120岁。designed 设计；selected 选择，挑选；improved 提高，改善；discovered发现。根据句意可知，科学家们认为人体的结构设计决定了人类最多不会活过120岁，故应选A。 4. Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce ___ (endlessly). They wear out, and as a result, we get old and _______________ die. A. eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately 【答案】A 【解析】考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而，我们的细胞根本无法继续无休止地繁殖。他们慢慢消耗尽，结果我们就会变老最终死亡。eventually 最终；hopelessly 没有希望地；automatically 自动地；desperately绝望地，自暴自弃地。根据句意可知选A。 英语完形填空指代与复现关系和定义与阐释关系的逻辑线索 一、指代与复现关系：核心是同一个概念（人、事、物、观点）在文中以不同的“面孔”反复出现。 1.判断方法与标志 词汇复现：原词复现；同义词/近义词复现；反义词复现；上下义词复现，互相指代。 2.解题应用 向前找线索：当空格所在句包含 the, this, such, that, its 等指代词时，立即向前寻找它所指代的对象。答案往往就是该对象的原词、同义词或概括词。 向后看复现： 填空后，注意后文是否有词在复现你选择的答案。这可以作为验证手段。保持一致性： 确保你的选择在单复数、性别、感情色彩（褒贬）、主题上与上下文复现的信息完全一致。 二、 定义与阐释关系：核心是作者对一个抽象概念、术语、观点或现象进行解释、说明或举例。定义/被定义部分和被解释/解释部分互为线索。 1.判断方法与标志 直接定义标志：is/are, means, refers to, is called, is known as, that is (i.e.), in other words 等。 间接阐释标志：冒号 :、破折号 —、括号 ()。 举例：for example, such as, like, including。 因果关系： 原因是对结果的解释，结果是对原因的体现。because, since, as, therefore, thus 等连词引导的句子常含有这种关系。 2.解题应用 定位“解释”部分： 如果空格是被定义项（通常是较难、较抽象的术语），就到后文寻找定义或解释它的内容。答案往往是解释部分的高度概括。 定位“被解释”部分： 如果空格是定义或阐释部分，就到前文寻找那个需要被解释的核心概念。你的选择必须能准确描述或例证那个核心概念。 利用例子反推： 如果空格后跟 for example 等，例子具体说明了什么，空格就填什么（上义词）。反之，如果空格是例子，就找它要证明的论点（上义词）。 考点三：例证与支撑关系 (信息应用) 5. Such 　 　 of the cultural information made available by new technologies has been  (called) “culturomics” (文化组学). A. learning B. mining C. searching D. using 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由新技术提供的这类文化信息的挖掘被称为“文化组学”。A. learning (学习)；B. mining (挖掘，指从大量数据中提取信息)；C. searching (搜索)；D. using (使用)。根据本空后的“of the cultural information made available by new technologies”可知，此处是说文学信息方面如此的挖掘 (mining)。故B项正确。 6. The is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词以及对语境的理解。句意：例子就在我们身边。很容易准备一系列的有关爱的现代故事。priority 意为优先权，proof 意为证明，possibility  意为可能性，principle 意为原则。后两句的意思是在当前的流行文化中，无数的故事和电影归类为爱情故事。根据这两句，的意思，结合上下文语境可知道本句的意思就是有很多证明的例子。故填proof。 考点四：衔接与连贯关系 (句间逻辑) 7. He was reading my words out loud to the class … the whole class was laughing with open-hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show ______________, but what I was feeling was pure happiness… A. shock B. wonder C. worry D. pleasure 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在向全班大声朗读我的文字……全班同学都在开怀大笑。我尽力不表露出愉悦，但我内心感受到的是纯粹的快乐……。A. shock (震惊)；B. wonder；C. worry (担忧)与上下文情境不符。D. pleasure (愉悦)与作者真实的快乐感受一致，且“不表露愉悦”符合尽力克制高兴之情的逻辑。故填pleasure。 8. they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference from the other. A. Therefore B. Meanwhile C. Furthermore D. However 【答案】A 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，他们完全按照自己的方式成长，几乎没有任何干扰。A. Therefore (因此、所以)；B. Meanwhile (同时、其间)；C. Furthermore (此外、而且)；D. However (然而)。根据句意来判断，这里用“因此”(Therefore)表示他们完全以自己的方式长大，几乎没有其他的干扰。故选A。 英语完形填空例证与支撑关系和衔接与连贯关系的逻辑线索 一、例证与支撑关系：作者提出一个观点、论断或概括性陈述，然后用具体事例、数据、细节或行动来证明、支撑或体现它。这是议论文和说明文中最常见的关系之一。 1. 判断方法与标志： 明确举例标志：for example, for instance, such as, like, including, a case in point 隐含支撑标志：观点-例证结构；问题-方案结构；主张-原因/结果结构。 2. 解题应用： ①“从上到下”推理（空格是观点）：如果空格在举例标志词之前，或需要概括后文一系列具体描述，那么空格就是 “总起句”或“观点句”。 ②“从下到上”推理（空格是例证）：如果空格在举例标志词之后，或是用来证明前文观点的具体细节，那么空格就是 “支撑句”或“例证”。 3. 验证关系：填空后，问自己：“这个例子能有力地证明这个观点吗？” 如果不能，很可能选错了。 二、衔接与连贯关系：这是最综合、最高频的关系，涉及句子与句子、段落与段落之间如何平滑、逻辑地连接。它决定了文章的“流动感”。 1. 判断方法与标志（重点关注连接词/过渡词）： 并列与递进：and, also, besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what’s more 逻辑：前后内容性质相似，后者补充或加强前者。 转折与对比：but, however, yet, instead, on the contrary, on the other hand, although, though, while, whereas 逻辑：前后内容意义相反或形成对比。看到这些词，空格前后情感、方向、评价往往对立。 因果：原因(because, since, as, due to, owing to)；结果(so, therefore, thus, hence, as a result, consequently)。 逻辑：前因后果，或前果后因。必须分清哪个是原因，哪个是结果。 条件与假设：if, unless, provided that, otherwise 逻辑：满足某种条件，才会产生某种结果。 时间与顺序：when, while, before, after, first, then, finally, meanwhile, subsequently 逻辑：理清事件发生的先后或同时关系。 总结与结论：in conclusion, to sum up, in a word, in short, overall 逻辑：后文是对前文的概括或得出结论。 2. 解题应用： ①锁定“路标”词：空格前后出现的任何连接词（如上所列）都是最强逻辑信号。它直接告诉你前后句的关系。 ②分析语义逻辑：即使没有明显的连接词，也要通过动词、形容词的感情色彩，判断两句之间是顺承、转折、因果还是举例。 ③代入验证：将选项代入后，重读空格所在句及前后句，检查逻辑是否通顺、流畅，是否符合常见的思维习惯。 ④注意固定搭配：有些衔接是固定短语，如not only… but also…, either… or…, so… that…, such… that…。 考点五：结构与顺序关系 (语篇逻辑) 9. Its  (advocates) think that these approaches can  (discover) trends in social opinions and standards of behavior that are 　 hidden within vast quantities of data. A. certainly B. often C. also D. otherwise 【答案】D 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：它的支持者认为，这些方法可以发现隐藏在大量数据中的社会意见和行为标准趋势。根据本空后的hidden within vast quantities of data可知，此处是说在其他方面（otherwise）隐藏在巨大的数据量之内的社会观点和行为标准的趋势。故D项正确。 10. The  (latest) results certainly seem to show that informal descriptions about social mood are reflected in the 　 　 (both fiction and non-fiction) of the twentieth century. A. literature B. science C. politics D. economics 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最新的结果确实表明，关于社会情绪的非正式描述在20世纪的文学作品（包括小说和非小说类）中得到了体现。根据本空后的(both fiction and non-fiction) of the twentieth century. 可知，最新的研究成果反映了20世纪文学（literature）上的社会情绪，故A项正确。 结构与顺序关系的逻辑线索 什么是结构与顺序关系？文章内容按照时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序（如重要性、步骤）展开。填空必须符合这种既定的“顺序框架”，保证叙述或说明的连贯性。 一、 判断标志与方法： 1. 时间顺序：最常见于记叙文。标志词是你的“GPS”，告诉你故事进行到哪一步。 它包括：明确时间词；时间从句连词；隐含时间线索。 2. 空间顺序：常见于场景描写、方位说明。标志词是“地图标记”。 它包括：方位介词/副词；移动动词；视角词。 3. 逻辑顺序（重要性/程度）：常见于议论文或说明文，按重要性递增或递减排列观点。 它包括：递增（轻→重）；递减（重→轻）；总结性顺序。 4. 过程/步骤顺序：常见于说明文，描述如何做某事。 它包括：步骤标志词；动作序列。 二、 核心解题技巧与步骤： 1. 速览首段，确定体裁：快速阅读开头几句，判断是记叙文（找时间线）、说明文（找步骤或逻辑层次） 还是描写文（找空间线）。这决定了你关注的重点。 2. 圈出“顺序路标词”：做题时，立即划出空格前后的时间词、方位词、步骤词。它们是最可靠的定位器。 3. 利用动词时态和动作逻辑：如果缺乏明显标志词，分析动词。 4. 代入验证，确保流程顺畅：选择答案后，在心里快速“过电影”。 (建议用时：20分钟) 类型一：指代与复现关系 专项练 1. 　 　, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and  (when) the entire community did not participate, a(n)  (clear) division was usually made between the “area of acting and theatre in which an audience sits”. A. As a result B. In fact C. On the contrary D. In addition 2. Nowadays you’re so 　 　 that anyone can buy and make you our (companion). A. affordable B. valuable C. conventional D. attractive 3. (2022高考英语乙卷) We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each ______________ sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or (ears). A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor 4. Day-trippers to the canal city of Venice who fail to pay 5 euros to (enter) the city’s historic center will face _______________ starting at 10 times the entrance fee. 类型二：定义与阐释关系 专项练 5. People are living longer because more people _______________ childhood. A. survive B. enjoy C. remember D. value 6. With long lives ahead of them, they need to ________________ active and devoted. A. sound B. appear C. turn D. stay 7. (2022高考浙江6月卷) He throws his arms and legs out he were flying, his eyes wide with ___ (excitement). A. as if B. in case C. even though D. so that 8. It was hard to see myself in a field where few people from my were represented, since I was one of the only black students in my STEM courses. A. nationality B. background C. picture D. experience 类型三：例证与支撑关系 专项练 9. However, some approaches are more (complex) than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children’s (nature). A. later B. deliberately C. seldom D. thoroughly 10. At informal get-togethers, 　 　, people often arrive as much as 30 minutes past the ___ (appointed) time. A. such as B. in a word C. for example D. as usual 11. (2022高考浙江6月卷) His trust in me is (absolute) which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense of . A. relief B. satisfaction C. achievement D. responsibility 12. (2022高考浙江6月卷) _______________, teaching Jacky to swim means he has to (believe) that, when he’s swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down. A. Above all B. In addition C. At first D. For example 类型四：衔接与连贯关系 专项练 13. Another trend is off-site or management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene 14. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce ________________. A. rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately 15. (2022高考浙江6月卷) Every time I (introduce) Jacky to something new, he’ll do it only because he trusts me and feels _______________ in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt . A. safe B. happy C. proud D. grateful 16. (2022高考浙江6月卷) Good ________________, like good parenting, is a long-term commitment. A. management B. personality C. communication D. education 类型五：结构与顺序关系 专项练 17. (2022高考浙江6月卷) I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets , it will need more effort and sound judgment (on my part). A. older B. busier C. quieter D. healthier 18. (2022高考英语乙卷) They simply 　 　 mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our 　59　 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up 19. (2022高考英语乙卷) A number of 　 　 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions 20. (2022高考英语乙卷) Each (child) sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or (ears). We then asked the child if she could 　 　 or hear the adult. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool (建议用时：15分钟) 类型一：指代与复现关系 专项练 1. An exemption voucher (免除凭证) will be (issued) to people who access the city for work, school or medical care, as well as to people born in Venice and of the region. A. students B. workers C. stewards D. residents 2. Dinner time came quickly, and the children silently filled their stomachs with and went to sleep. A. milk B. bread C. water D. potato 3. “Are you sure you won’t get annoyed if I a bit slower?” she asked, her eyes filled with a mix of excitement and worry. 4. Then, a man stopped outside their house, asking the couple if he could take of the birds on the property. A. risks B. commands C. photographs D. notes 类型二：定义与阐释关系 专项练 5. These will from 50 to 300 euros, plus the maximum entrance fee allowed by law, set at 10 euros. 6. “The fact that they didn’t (even) ask me for food broke my heart more than that there was nothing I could give them for dinner,” said Samiya. “My last born even told me his stomach was still from the food he had in the morning.” A. full B. painful C. empty D. upset 7. On his land near Recinto, Luis Ajila has turned dairy farming to conservation, replanting trees and promoting the site to wildlife tourists — work that he says is a livelihood than farming. A. lazier B. clearer C. slower D. better 8. Needless to say, needles have always been a part of my life. They have been a physical of how I’ve developed as a person. A. test B. copy C. reminder D. product 类型三：例证与支撑关系 专项练 9. I watched her early in the morning, even when it was foggy or drizzling. A. set out B. turn back C. give up D. slow down 10. Ecuador a variety of ecosystems at differing altitudes, which explains why it’s among the top 10 countries globally for bird (diversity). A. purchases B. robs C. boasts D. discovers 11. As the business of birding grows, more and more farmers their land from agriculture to bird reserves, (benefiting) not just the birds, but the country’s (economy) too. A. switch B. stop C. defend D. highlight 12. After my grandmother left America, I missed the of sticks clicking against each other and the smell of her Peruvian cornbread. A. type B. move C. shadow D. sound 类型四：衔接与连贯关系 专项练 13. Suddenly, in the middle of the busiest street in Harar, a town in Ethiopia, loud car honks (喇叭声) and screams of passersby the air. A. refreshed B. filled C. froze D. polluted 14. There were times when she was by steep hills and wanted to give up, but she never did. A. frightened B. challenged C. attracted D. guided 15. She crossed the line just a few seconds before me, her eyes shining with joy and . A. pride B. triumph C. relief D. admiration 16. Afterwards, he suggested that getting rid of the birds, they should learn to (live alongside) them, and Maraksacha Reserve was born. A. together with B. instead of C. apart from D. aside by 类型五：结构与顺序关系 专项练 17. Officials have avoided calling it a tax, opting for words like contribution, since it also aims to come up with more money to help better (manage) the phenomenon. A. harder B. plainer C. softer D. smarter 18. It was Christmas Day, and while others were celebrating the holiday with , Samiya sat and watched as her three children ate the (last) of the food they had in the house. A. travelling B. shopping C. gathering D. feasting 19. “What tortured me the most was my children’s . I wished they would complain, cry or even go to the neighbours to ask for food,” said Samiya. A. bravery B. innocence C. generosity D. silence 20. But as the road opened up and the wind seemed to push me forward, my competitive side took over. I gradually _______________ my speed, thinking she would catch up. A. maintained B. reduced C. increased D. measured (建议用时：20分钟) 一、完形填空： The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish from each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two separate systems 1 . The origin of the eastern culture is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both cultures were gestated by 2 . In China, the mother river is the Yellow River, 3 the Indian one is the Hindu River. These two cultures were 4 for thousands of years and formed their own styles. Then in Tang Dynasty, Chinese culture 5 went to Japan, mixed into its society and 6 Japanese culture today. When the two mother rivers gave birth to the eastern culture, another famous culture was 7 on the Mesopotamian Plain — the Mesopotamian Civilization. This later developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Rome, known as the 8 of European culture. 9 Chinese culture, the European one also 10 waters. When English colonists 11 in America, their culture crossed the Atlantic. So American culture doesn’t 12 much from the European one. The 13 in language systems adds to the cultural differences. Eastern languages mostly belong to pictographic systems, 14 Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system, such as English. Other factors like human race difference count as well. However, 15 the enormous distance and geographical barriers, the two cultures seldom communicated until recent centuries. 1. A. above all B. on the whole C. in all D. in no case 2. A. mountains B. plains C. lakes D. rivers 3. A. or B. for C. while D. when 4. A. developed B. improved C. created D. protected 5. A. suddenly B. quietly C. gradually D. naturally 6. A. expanded B. interrupted C. ended D. shaped 7. A. brought up B. carried out C. given out D. picked up 8. A. result B. sign C. base D. content 9. A. Through B. Except C. With D. Like 10. A. affected B. spread C. crossed D. formed 11. A. joined up B. settled down C. broke down D. went up 12. A. come B. suffer C. result D. differ 13. A. distinction B. contact C. appearance D. feature 14. A. meanwhile B. therefore C. whereas D. namely 15. A. in terms of B. due to C. as to D. in case of 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. C 11. B 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B 二、语法填空： The Mogao Caves: A Legacy in Peril and Preservation Nestled in the desert cliffs near Dunhuang, China, the Mogao Caves represent one of humanity’s most extraordinary artistic achievements. Created over a millennium from the 4th to 14th centuries, this UNESCO World Heritage site contains nearly 500 caves adorned 1 breathtaking Buddhist murals and sculptures. Each year, it draws thousands of visitors 2 marvel at its spiritual and historical significance. As these ancient caves exceed 1,600 years in age, 3 ongoing, meticulous conservation effort is crucial to preserve this fragile heritage. The work 4 (encompass) two primary challenges: structural reinforcement of the caves themselves and artistic conservation of the invaluable paintings within. The original sandstone grottoes face constant threats from erosion and seismic activity, making them remarkably vulnerable. While traditional methods like wooden bracing have been used 5 (historic) to secure cracks, modern preservation now relies on a closely monitored environment. Sophisticated systems maintain stable temperature and humidity levels 6 (prevent) further deterioration of the delicate murals. Restoration of the artworks 7  (go) through evolving phases. Following periods of theft and neglect in the early 20th century, systematic conservation began. Today, damaged areas are carefully treated, with losses 8 (fill) in with scientifically approved, reversible materials. Contemporary 9 (approach) prioritize stabilization over alteration, learning from earlier well-intentioned but sometimes damaging interventions. The enduring mission remains to safeguard the cave’s fading colors and structural integrity for future generations, 10 (ensure) this Silk Road treasure continues to inspire awe and scholarly wonder for centuries to come. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网 (北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 重难点09 完形填空之说明文 ( 内容导航 速度提升 技巧掌握 手感养成 重难考向聚焦 锁定目标 精准打击： 本专 项核心考查方向与高考高频难点是 完形填空的说明文 ，梳理近 5 年高考该题型的重难考点分布 ( 解析21-25年真题及202 6年考试规律，新增熟词僻义/形近词考点分布 ) 重难技巧突破 授予利器 瓦解难点： 1. 结构识别法 —— 先看“骨架”，再看“血肉” 2. 概念锚定法 —— 锁定“核心术语”网络 3. 逻辑显化法 —— 死磕“科学论证逻辑” 4. 语篇线索深挖法 —— 超越句子，纵观全局 重难保分练 稳扎稳打 必拿分数 ： 稳拿基础 分数，确保重难点基础分值 ( 新增近义词 / 形近词专项、熟词僻义专项，夯实基础考点 ) 重难抢分练 突破瓶颈 争夺高分： 攻克中档难题 ( 强化逻辑关系词应用、词汇复现定位训练 ) 重难冲刺练 模拟实战 挑战顶尖： 挑战高考和模拟综合题型，养成稳定攻克难题的“题感”。 ) 考点 五年考情 (2021---2025) 命题趋势 考点1 议论文型 完形填空 (5年1考) 2022浙江6月卷—信任的重要性； 2018浙江卷—越忙越能办好事。 一、整体趋势预测：选材更注重时代性与跨学科性 1.主题前沿化；2.跨学科融合；3.能力考查立体化；4.信息密度增加。 二、命题热点主题预测 (按概率排序) 1.科技与人文交叉领域：如：数字文化遗产保护、脑机接口的医疗应用、城市智慧交通系统的设计逻辑。 2.环境与地球科学：如：气候工程 (碳捕获技术)、极端天气预警机制、生态农业创新案例。 3.行为与经济科学：如：行为经济学实验 (助推理论)、小微企业数字化转型路径、共享经济模型演变。 考点2 说明文型 完形填空 (5年2考) 2022全国乙卷—孩子捉迷藏的背后; 2021天津卷—为小区免费修车; 2015广东卷—长寿与老龄化; 2015安徽卷—减少垃圾，理性消费; 2013广东卷—鸟类感受数字能力; 【题型解读】 1.高考完形填空中的说明文，其题型设计有极强的规律性。它的三大命题本质：①信息重构能力：能否从残缺文本中重建完整信息链。②逻辑推理能力：能否把握句、段、篇之间严密的科学或事理逻辑。③语篇把控能力：能否理解文章的整体组织结构和写作目的。 2.所有题目可归入以下三大类型，每一类都有其独特的“题眼”和“破题点”。 类型一：信息锁定题 (考“准确”)：这类题目的答案，是文中已明确给出的信息的复现、同义转述或直接指代。解题关键在“定位”。 类型二：逻辑衔接题 (考“严密”)：这是说明文的核心题型，占比最大。考查句子、段落之间起承转合的逻辑关系。选项多为连接副词、连词或体现逻辑关系的动词/名词。 类型三：概念应用题 (考“理解”)：这是最高阶的题型，要求你真正理解文中的概念、原理或过程，并能在新的情境中正确应用。答案无法直接复现，需要基于理解的推理。 考点一：指代与复现关系 (信息锁定) 1. In the same way, we can face the ________________ moments of our life rather than run away from them. A. boring B. changeable C. exciting D. dark 【答案】D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同样地，我们可以面对生活中的黑暗时刻，而不是逃避它们。A. boring 无聊的；B. changeable易变的；C. exciting 激动地；D. dark 黑暗的；呼应上文的in fear of the dark，指代人生中的灰暗时期。 2. Reacting to whatever (turns) up with kindness and gratitude is a powerful , a choice supported by hundreds of scientific research studies and recommended in every enduring wisdom tradition for thousands of years. A. attitude B. tool C. choice D. influence 【答案】C 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：无论发生什么，都以善良和感恩之心应对，这是一个有力的选择，这一选择得到了数百项科学研究的支持，并在数千年的古老智慧传统中被推荐。根据复现原则可知，此处指用善良和感恩的心去应对生活中发生的事情是人们做出的一种选择，它有着强大的力量，故选C。 考点二：定义与阐释关系 (概念理解) 3. How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is ____________ to live no longer than 120 years. A. designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。句意：大多数研究年龄的科学家们认为人体被设计的不会活过120岁。designed 设计；selected 选择，挑选；improved 提高，改善；discovered发现。根据句意可知，科学家们认为人体的结构设计决定了人类最多不会活过120岁，故应选A。 4. Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce ___ (endlessly). They wear out, and as a result, we get old and _______________ die. A. eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately 【答案】A 【解析】考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而，我们的细胞根本无法继续无休止地繁殖。他们慢慢消耗尽，结果我们就会变老最终死亡。eventually 最终；hopelessly 没有希望地；automatically 自动地；desperately绝望地，自暴自弃地。根据句意可知选A。 英语完形填空指代与复现关系和定义与阐释关系的逻辑线索 一、指代与复现关系：核心是同一个概念（人、事、物、观点）在文中以不同的“面孔”反复出现。 1.判断方法与标志 词汇复现：原词复现；同义词/近义词复现；反义词复现；上下义词复现，互相指代。 2.解题应用 向前找线索：当空格所在句包含 the, this, such, that, its 等指代词时，立即向前寻找它所指代的对象。答案往往就是该对象的原词、同义词或概括词。 向后看复现： 填空后，注意后文是否有词在复现你选择的答案。这可以作为验证手段。保持一致性： 确保你的选择在单复数、性别、感情色彩（褒贬）、主题上与上下文复现的信息完全一致。 二、 定义与阐释关系：核心是作者对一个抽象概念、术语、观点或现象进行解释、说明或举例。定义/被定义部分和被解释/解释部分互为线索。 1.判断方法与标志 直接定义标志：is/are, means, refers to, is called, is known as, that is (i.e.), in other words 等。 间接阐释标志：冒号 :、破折号 —、括号 ()。 举例：for example, such as, like, including。 因果关系： 原因是对结果的解释，结果是对原因的体现。because, since, as, therefore, thus 等连词引导的句子常含有这种关系。 2.解题应用 定位“解释”部分： 如果空格是被定义项（通常是较难、较抽象的术语），就到后文寻找定义或解释它的内容。答案往往是解释部分的高度概括。 定位“被解释”部分： 如果空格是定义或阐释部分，就到前文寻找那个需要被解释的核心概念。你的选择必须能准确描述或例证那个核心概念。 利用例子反推： 如果空格后跟 for example 等，例子具体说明了什么，空格就填什么（上义词）。反之，如果空格是例子，就找它要证明的论点（上义词）。 考点三：例证与支撑关系 (信息应用) 5. Such 　 　 of the cultural information made available by new technologies has been  (called) “culturomics” (文化组学). A. learning B. mining C. searching D. using 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由新技术提供的这类文化信息的挖掘被称为“文化组学”。A. learning (学习)；B. mining (挖掘，指从大量数据中提取信息)；C. searching (搜索)；D. using (使用)。根据本空后的“of the cultural information made available by new technologies”可知，此处是说文学信息方面如此的挖掘 (mining)。故B项正确。 6. The is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词以及对语境的理解。句意：例子就在我们身边。很容易准备一系列的有关爱的现代故事。priority 意为优先权，proof 意为证明，possibility  意为可能性，principle 意为原则。后两句的意思是在当前的流行文化中，无数的故事和电影归类为爱情故事。根据这两句，的意思，结合上下文语境可知道本句的意思就是有很多证明的例子。故填proof。 考点四：衔接与连贯关系 (句间逻辑) 7. He was reading my words out loud to the class … the whole class was laughing with open-hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show ______________, but what I was feeling was pure happiness… A. shock B. wonder C. worry D. pleasure 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在向全班大声朗读我的文字……全班同学都在开怀大笑。我尽力不表露出愉悦，但我内心感受到的是纯粹的快乐……。A. shock (震惊)；B. wonder；C. worry (担忧)与上下文情境不符。D. pleasure (愉悦)与作者真实的快乐感受一致，且“不表露愉悦”符合尽力克制高兴之情的逻辑。故填pleasure。 8. they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference from the other. A. Therefore B. Meanwhile C. Furthermore D. However 【答案】A 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，他们完全按照自己的方式成长，几乎没有任何干扰。A. Therefore (因此、所以)；B. Meanwhile (同时、其间)；C. Furthermore (此外、而且)；D. However (然而)。根据句意来判断，这里用“因此”(Therefore)表示他们完全以自己的方式长大，几乎没有其他的干扰。故选A。 英语完形填空例证与支撑关系和衔接与连贯关系的逻辑线索 一、例证与支撑关系：作者提出一个观点、论断或概括性陈述，然后用具体事例、数据、细节或行动来证明、支撑或体现它。这是议论文和说明文中最常见的关系之一。 1. 判断方法与标志： 明确举例标志：for example, for instance, such as, like, including, a case in point 隐含支撑标志：观点-例证结构；问题-方案结构；主张-原因/结果结构。 2. 解题应用： ①“从上到下”推理（空格是观点）：如果空格在举例标志词之前，或需要概括后文一系列具体描述，那么空格就是 “总起句”或“观点句”。 ②“从下到上”推理（空格是例证）：如果空格在举例标志词之后，或是用来证明前文观点的具体细节，那么空格就是 “支撑句”或“例证”。 3. 验证关系：填空后，问自己：“这个例子能有力地证明这个观点吗？” 如果不能，很可能选错了。 二、衔接与连贯关系：这是最综合、最高频的关系，涉及句子与句子、段落与段落之间如何平滑、逻辑地连接。它决定了文章的“流动感”。 1. 判断方法与标志（重点关注连接词/过渡词）： 并列与递进：and, also, besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what’s more 逻辑：前后内容性质相似，后者补充或加强前者。 转折与对比：but, however, yet, instead, on the contrary, on the other hand, although, though, while, whereas 逻辑：前后内容意义相反或形成对比。看到这些词，空格前后情感、方向、评价往往对立。 因果：原因(because, since, as, due to, owing to)；结果(so, therefore, thus, hence, as a result, consequently)。 逻辑：前因后果，或前果后因。必须分清哪个是原因，哪个是结果。 条件与假设：if, unless, provided that, otherwise 逻辑：满足某种条件，才会产生某种结果。 时间与顺序：when, while, before, after, first, then, finally, meanwhile, subsequently 逻辑：理清事件发生的先后或同时关系。 总结与结论：in conclusion, to sum up, in a word, in short, overall 逻辑：后文是对前文的概括或得出结论。 2. 解题应用： ①锁定“路标”词：空格前后出现的任何连接词（如上所列）都是最强逻辑信号。它直接告诉你前后句的关系。 ②分析语义逻辑：即使没有明显的连接词，也要通过动词、形容词的感情色彩，判断两句之间是顺承、转折、因果还是举例。 ③代入验证：将选项代入后，重读空格所在句及前后句，检查逻辑是否通顺、流畅，是否符合常见的思维习惯。 ④注意固定搭配：有些衔接是固定短语，如not only… but also…, either… or…, so… that…, such… that…。 考点五：结构与顺序关系 (语篇逻辑) 9. Its  (advocates) think that these approaches can  (discover) trends in social opinions and standards of behavior that are 　 hidden within vast quantities of data. A. certainly B. often C. also D. otherwise 【答案】D 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：它的支持者认为，这些方法可以发现隐藏在大量数据中的社会意见和行为标准趋势。根据本空后的hidden within vast quantities of data可知，此处是说在其他方面（otherwise）隐藏在巨大的数据量之内的社会观点和行为标准的趋势。故D项正确。 10. The  (latest) results certainly seem to show that informal descriptions about social mood are reflected in the 　 　 (both fiction and non-fiction) of the twentieth century. A. literature B. science C. politics D. economics 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最新的结果确实表明，关于社会情绪的非正式描述在20世纪的文学作品（包括小说和非小说类）中得到了体现。根据本空后的(both fiction and non-fiction) of the twentieth century. 可知，最新的研究成果反映了20世纪文学（literature）上的社会情绪，故A项正确。 结构与顺序关系的逻辑线索 什么是结构与顺序关系？文章内容按照时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序（如重要性、步骤）展开。填空必须符合这种既定的“顺序框架”，保证叙述或说明的连贯性。 一、 判断标志与方法： 1. 时间顺序：最常见于记叙文。标志词是你的“GPS”，告诉你故事进行到哪一步。 它包括：明确时间词；时间从句连词；隐含时间线索。 2. 空间顺序：常见于场景描写、方位说明。标志词是“地图标记”。 它包括：方位介词/副词；移动动词；视角词。 3. 逻辑顺序（重要性/程度）：常见于议论文或说明文，按重要性递增或递减排列观点。 它包括：递增（轻→重）；递减（重→轻）；总结性顺序。 4. 过程/步骤顺序：常见于说明文，描述如何做某事。 它包括：步骤标志词；动作序列。 二、 核心解题技巧与步骤： 1. 速览首段，确定体裁：快速阅读开头几句，判断是记叙文（找时间线）、说明文（找步骤或逻辑层次） 还是描写文（找空间线）。这决定了你关注的重点。 2. 圈出“顺序路标词”：做题时，立即划出空格前后的时间词、方位词、步骤词。它们是最可靠的定位器。 3. 利用动词时态和动作逻辑：如果缺乏明显标志词，分析动词。 4. 代入验证，确保流程顺畅：选择答案后，在心里快速“过电影”。 (建议用时：20分钟) 类型一：指代与复现关系 专项练 1. 　 　, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and  (when) the entire community did not participate, a(n)  (clear) division was usually made between the “area of acting and theatre in which an audience sits”. A. As a result B. In fact C. On the contrary D. In addition 【答案】D 【解析】考查短语词义辨析。句意：此外，还需要提供一个适合表演的地方，当整个社区没有参与时，通常会在“表演和剧院区域”与“观众区”之间做出明确的划分。as a result“因此”；in fact“事实上”；on the contrary“相反”；in addition“另外”。根据下文“besides”提示可知，此处表示递进。故选D。 2. Nowadays you’re so 　 　 that anyone can buy and make you our (companion). A. affordable B. valuable C. conventional D. attractive 【答案】A 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在你如此经济实惠，任何人都能买得起，并成为我们的伙伴。affordable买得起的；valuable有价值的；conventional传统的；attractive有吸引力的。根据下文的“… that anyone can buy”可知此处应选“买得起的”。故选A。 3. (2022高考英语乙卷) We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each ______________ sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or (ears). A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor 【答案】B　 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们把2至4岁的幼儿带到南加州大学的“心智发展实验室”，每个孩子和一位成人坐在一起，成人会遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。parent父母；child孩子；researcher研究人员；doctor医生。根据上文的“young children aged 2-4”和下文的“sat down with an adult”可知，实验中每个幼儿（child）与一名成人配对进行互动，故此处应指每个“孩子”。故选B。 4. Day-trippers to the canal city of Venice who fail to pay 5 euros to (enter) the city’s historic center will face _______________ starting at 10 times the entrance fee. 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：前往运河城市威尼斯的一日游游客，如果没有支付5欧元进入该市历史中心的费用，将面临罚款，罚款金额至少是门票价格的10倍。A. pays付款；B. fines罚金；C. rewards奖励；D. compensations补偿金。根据下文“Anyone ____ beyond designated (指定的) control places without the required documentation will be ____ to fines.”可知，此处指的是没有支付进入该市历史中心的费用，游客将面临罚款。故选B。 类型二：定义与阐释关系 专项练 5. People are living longer because more people _______________ childhood. A. survive B. enjoy C. remember D. value 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。句意：现在人们活得更长因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive 幸存；enjoy 喜欢，欣赏；remember 记得；value价值，估价。根据这一段的内容和the chances of living long are much higher due to a better diets and health care可知，现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来，故选A。 6. With long lives ahead of them, they need to ________________ active and devoted. A. sound B. appear C. turn D. stay 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。句意：前面还有很长的寿命，他们需要保持积极的心态和奉献的精神。sound 听起来；appear 好像；出现；turn 转，变成；stay保持。根据文意可知，现在人们的寿命更长了，因此老年人也要继续保持积极心态，为我们的社会做贡献。故应选D。 7. (2022高考浙江6月卷) He throws his arms and legs out he were flying, his eyes wide with ___ (excitement). A. as if B. in case C. even though D. so that 【答案】A 【解析】考查连词短语词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A. as if 好像；B. in case以防；C. even though即使；D. so that以便。根据“he were flying”可知，本句为虚拟语气，好像在飞。故选A项。 8. It was hard to see myself in a field where few people from my were represented, since I was one of the only black students in my STEM courses. A. nationality B. background C. picture D. experience 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在几乎没有像我这样背景的人涉足的领域里，很难看到自己的身影，因为在我的理工科课程中，我是为数不多的黑人学生之一。A. nationality国籍；B. background背景；C. picture画面；D. experience经验。根据下文的“since I was one of the only black students in my STEM courses”可知，此处指的是“出身背景”。故选B项。 类型三：例证与支撑关系 专项练 9. However, some approaches are more (complex) than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children’s (nature). A. later B. deliberately C. seldom D. thoroughly 【答案】A 【解析】考查副词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：然而，有些方法比其他方法更复杂。例如，那些因为孩子不整洁而对他们大喊大叫的父母，但后来又替他们打扫房间，他们改变孩子性格的机会更少。此处later后来；deliberately故意地； seldom很少；thoroughly彻底。这样的父母我们生活中不少见。故选A。 10. At informal get-togethers, 　 　, people often arrive as much as 30 minutes past the ___ (appointed) time. A. such as B. in a word C. for example D. as usual 【答案】C 【解析】考查介词短语。句意：在非正式的聚会中，例如，人们通常会晚到30分钟。根据句意可知，该句是对上句的举例说明。for example“例如”；A项such as“例如”，但其后面应加名词或代词，而不能是一个句子；B项in a word“总之”；D项as usual“像往常一样”。故选C项。 11. (2022高考浙江6月卷) His trust in me is (absolute) which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense of . A. relief B. satisfaction C. achievement D. responsibility 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我巨大的责任感。A. relief宽慰；B. satisfaction满意；C. achievement成就；D. responsibility责任。结合语境，此处指孩子对父亲的信任也成为了父亲的责任，即他有让孩子信任自己的责任。故选D项。 12. (2022高考浙江6月卷) _______________, teaching Jacky to swim means he has to (believe) that, when he’s swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down. A. Above all B. In addition C. At first D. For example 【答案】D 【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，我能去救他。A. Above all首先重要的是；B. In addition除此之外；C. At first首先；D. For example例如。根据下文“teaching Jacky to swim means he has to ____”可知，作者在举例子。故选D项。 类型四：衔接与连贯关系 专项练 13. Another trend is off-site or management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene 【答案】A 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一个趋势是非现场或虚拟管理，通过电子邮件和互联网联系在一起的人们团队在各自的家中进行项目工作。形容词virtual虚拟的；ineffective低效的；day-to-day日常的；on-the-scene现场的。根据后句where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses可知，在这种新型的管理方法中，人们都是通过邮件和网络联系，说明这是一种新型通过虚拟网络进行的管理方法。故A正确。 14. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce ________________. A. rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately 【答案】C 【解析】考查副词及语境的理解。句意：一些科学家甚至表示，我们能够活到130岁！然而我们的细胞不会一直无止境的再生。rapidly 快速地；harmlessly 无害地；endlessly 无止境的；separately 分离地，分开地。根据文意可知，因为人体的细胞不会无止境的再生，因此人的寿命是有限的。因此应选C。 15. (2022高考浙江6月卷) Every time I (introduce) Jacky to something new, he’ll do it only because he trusts me and feels _______________ in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt . A. safe B. happy C. proud D. grateful 【答案】A 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，觉得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。A. safe安全的；B. happy快乐的；C. proud自豪的；D. grateful感激的。根据上文“he trusts me”可知，只是因为他相信作者，觉得安全。故选A项。 16. (2022高考浙江6月卷) Good ________________, like good parenting, is a long-term commitment. A. management B. personality C. communication D. education 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：好的管理，就像好的育儿一样，是一种长期的承诺。A. management管理；B. personality个性；C. communication交流；D. education教育。根据上文“in the workplace”以及“manager”客户，作者在说管理。故选A项。 类型五：结构与顺序关系 专项练 17. (2022高考浙江6月卷) I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets , it will need more effort and sound judgment (on my part). A. older B. busier C. quieter D. healthier 【答案】A 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. older年龄较大的；B. busier较为忙的；C. quieter较安静的；D. healthier较健康的。根据下文“it will need more effort and sound judgment ____”可知，随着他长大，这需要作者付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选A项。 18. (2022高考英语乙卷) They simply 　 　 mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our 　59　 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up 【答案】C　 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们（幼儿）只是坚持相互的认可和关注。我们的研究表明，当一个孩子用毯子盖住头来“躲藏”时，这并非自我中心主义的结果。A. hold back：阻挡、抑制 B. relate to：与……相关、理解 C. insist on：坚持要求、强调 D. make up：组成、编造、化妆 根据上下文逻辑，幼儿在互动中并非“抑制”或“编造”相互认可，而是坚持这种相互的关注与认可，这与其后实验发现的“遮头躲藏并非自我中心”形成对照，强调幼儿对相互性的重视。故选C项。 19. (2022高考英语乙卷) A number of 　 　 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions 【答案】C　 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一系列实验排除了儿童误解所被询问内容的可能性。A. instructions：指示、说明 B. descriptions：描述、描写 C. experiments：实验 D. assumptions：假设、假定 根据上下文（上文提及实验室研究，且本句涉及“排除误解的可能性”），这属于科学验证的过程，需要通过实验（experiments）来证实，而非仅仅依赖指示、描述或假设。故选C项。　 20. (2022高考英语乙卷) Each (child) sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or (ears). We then asked the child if she could 　 　 or hear the adult. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool 【答案】A　 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个孩子和一位遮住自己眼睛或耳朵的成人坐在一起。然后我们问这个孩子，她是否还能看见或听见那位成人。A. see看见 B. help帮助 C. reach够到、接触 D. fool愚弄。根据前文“成人遮住自己的眼睛（covered her own eyes）”这一设定，对孩子提出的自然应是能否仍然“看见”（see）成人，这正好与后文的“或听见（hear）成人”形成并列，且符合实验情境的逻辑。故选A项。 (建议用时：15分钟) 类型一：指代与复现关系 专项练 1. An exemption voucher (免除凭证) will be (issued) to people who access the city for work, school or medical care, as well as to people born in Venice and of the region. A. students B. workers C. stewards D. residents 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因工作、上学或医疗原因进入该市的人，以及在威尼斯出生和该地区的居民将获得免除凭证。A. students学生；B. workers工人；C. stewards乘务员；D. residents居民。根据上文“people born in Venice”以及下文“of the region”可知，此处指的是在威尼斯出生的和该地区的居民。故选D。 2. Dinner time came quickly, and the children silently filled their stomachs with and went to sleep. A. milk B. bread C. water D. potato 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：晚饭时间很快到了，孩子们默默地喝着水填饱肚子，然后就去睡觉了。A. milk牛奶；B. bread面包；C. water水；D. potato土豆。根据下文“Her children went to bed with only water in their stomachs yet again”可知，孩子们默默地用水填饱肚子。故选C。 3. “Are you sure you won’t get annoyed if I a bit slower?” she asked, her eyes filled with a mix of excitement and worry. 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“如果我骑得稍微慢一点，你确定你不会生气吗？”她问，眼里充满了兴奋和担忧。A. run跑；B. cycle骑自行车；C. drive驾驶；D. walk走路。根据前文“I bought her a nice pair of cycling gloves and signed up for a local 20-mile cycling event with her (我给她买了一副漂亮的骑车手套，并和她一起报名参加了当地的一场20英里的骑车比赛)”可知，此处指和姐姐一起参加自行车比赛，所以此处指骑得慢一点。故选B项。 4. Then, a man stopped outside their house, asking the couple if he could take of the birds on the property. A. risks B. commands C. photographs D. notes 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，一个男人停在他们家外面，问这对夫妇他是否可以拍摄这片土地上的鸟类。A. risks风险；B. commands命令；C. photographs照片、拍摄；D. notes笔记。根据后文“celebrated bird photographer Manu Espinosa”，这个男人是鸟类摄影师，因此是请求“拍摄”鸟类，“take photographs of”为固定搭配，意为“拍摄……”。故选C项。 类型二：定义与阐释关系 专项练 5. These will from 50 to 300 euros, plus the maximum entrance fee allowed by law, set at 10 euros. 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些罚款将从50欧元到300欧元不等，外加法律允许的最高10欧元的门票费用。A. distinguish区分；B. arise出现；C. range范围；D. differ不同。根据下文“from 50 to 300 euros, plus the maximum entrance fee allowed by law, set at 10 euros.”可知，此处指的是罚款的范围。故选C。 6. “The fact that they didn’t (even) ask me for food broke my heart more than that there was nothing I could give them for dinner,” said Samiya. “My last born even told me his stomach was still from the food he had in the morning.” A. full B. painful C. empty D. upset 【答案】A 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我的小儿子甚至告诉我，他早上吃的东西还没消化，肚子还很饱。”A. full饱的；B. painful痛苦的；C. empty空的；D. upset沮丧的。根据上文“My last born even told me his stomach was still”以及下文“from the food he had in the morning”可知，孩子为了不让母亲难过，谎称早上吃的东西还没消化，肚子仍饱，与上文饥饿却不抱怨的懂事呼应。故选A。 7. On his land near Recinto, Luis Ajila has turned dairy farming to conservation, replanting trees and promoting the site to wildlife tourists — work that he says is a livelihood than farming. A. lazier B. clearer C. slower D. better 【答案】D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：路易斯·阿希拉在雷辛托附近的土地上，将乳畜业转变为保护事业，重新种植树木，并向野生动物游客推广这个地方——他说这份工作比务农更能维持生计。A. lazier更懒的；B. clearer更清晰的；C. slower更慢的；D. better更好的。根据后文“wildlife tourism is much more profitable”可知，这份工作比务农“更好”，符合其认可态度。故选D项。 8. Needless to say, needles have always been a part of my life. They have been a physical of how I’ve developed as a person. A. test B. copy C. reminder D. product 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们一直在提醒我作为一个人是如何成长的。A. test测验；B. copy复印件，复制品，一册；C. reminder引起回忆的事物，提醒人的事物；D. product产品。根据上文“Needless to say, needles have always been a part of my life.”及空后“how I’ve developed as a person.”可知，作者童年的编织针代表着奶奶的爱，注射针代表着作者的护士职业，缝合针代表着作者当医生的梦想，针是一种使作者想起自己人生不同阶段的东西，象征着个人成长的见证。故选C项。 类型三：例证与支撑关系 专项练 9. I watched her early in the morning, even when it was foggy or drizzling. A. set out B. turn back C. give up D. slow down 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我看到她一大早就出发了，即使是在有雾或下毛毛雨的时候。A. set out出发；B. turn back返回；C. give up放弃；D. slow down减速。根据上文“She decided to cycle to work three times a week”以及后文“early in the morning, even when it was foggy or drizzling”可知，此处指莉莉很早就出发去骑自行车上班，即使是在天气不好的时候。故选A项。 10. Ecuador a variety of ecosystems at differing altitudes, which explains why it’s among the top 10 countries globally for bird (diversity). A. purchases B. robs C. boasts D. discovers 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：厄瓜多尔在不同海拔拥有多种生态系统，这也是它能跻身全球鸟类多样性前十的原因。A. purchases购买；B. robs抢劫；C. boasts拥有、以……为傲；D. discovers发现。根据后文“a variety of ecosystems at differing altitudes, which explains why it’s among the top 10 countries”可知，厄瓜多尔“拥有”多样生态系统，是其鸟类丰富的基础，“boasts”体现客观拥有且引以为傲的意味。故选C项。 11. As the business of birding grows, more and more farmers their land from agriculture to bird reserves, (benefiting) not just the birds, but the country’s (economy) too. A. switch B. stop C. defend D. highlight 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着观鸟产业的发展，越来越多的农民将他们的土地从农业用地转变为鸟类保护区，这不仅有利于鸟类，也有利于国家经济。A. switch转变、切换；B. stop停止；C. defend保卫；D. highlight强调。根据后文“their land from agriculture to bird reserves,”可知，从农业到保护区，是土地用途的“转变”，“switch from...to...”为固定搭配，意为“从……转变为……”。故选A项。 12. After my grandmother left America, I missed the of sticks clicking against each other and the smell of her Peruvian cornbread. A. type B. move C. shadow D. sound 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：祖母离开美国后，我想念织针相互碰撞的声音和她的秘鲁玉米面包的味道。A. type类型；B. move移动，行动；C. shadow阴影；D. sound声音。根据后面定语部分“of sticks clicking against each other”可知，编织的针相碰发出的声音，click“使咔嗒（或咔嚓）响”就是拟声。故选D项。 类型四：衔接与连贯关系 专项练 13. Suddenly, in the middle of the busiest street in Harar, a town in Ethiopia, loud car honks (喇叭声) and screams of passersby the air. A. refreshed B. filled C. froze D. polluted 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，在埃塞俄比亚城镇哈拉尔最繁忙的街道中央，刺耳的汽车喇叭声和路人的尖叫声在空中回荡。A. refreshed使恢复精力；B. filled充满；C. froze结冰；D. polluted污染。根据上文“loud car honks (喇叭声) and screams of passersby”可知，刺耳的汽车喇叭声和路人的尖叫声，声音会充斥在空中。故选B。 14. There were times when she was by steep hills and wanted to give up, but she never did. A. frightened B. challenged C. attracted D. guided 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时她被陡峭的山坡所挑战，想要放弃，但她从未这样做过。A. frightened吓唬；B. challenged挑战；C. attracted吸引；D. guided引导。根据后文“by steep hills and wanted to give up, but she never did”可知，此处指有时陡峭的山坡会给莉莉带来挑战，但她从未放弃。故选B项。 15. She crossed the line just a few seconds before me, her eyes shining with joy and . A. pride B. triumph C. relief D. admiration 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她冲过了终点线，只比我早几秒钟，眼里闪烁着喜悦和自豪的光芒。A. pride自豪；B. triumph喜悦；C. relief宽慰；D. admiration欣赏。根据后文“She had not only overcome her own self-doubt but also achieved a goal she once thought was impossible.(她不仅克服了自己的自我怀疑，而且还实现了她曾经认为不可能达成的目标)”及“her eyes shining with joy”可知，此处指莉莉不仅克服了自我怀疑，还实现了自己曾经认为不可能实现的目标，所以她眼里闪烁着喜悦和自豪的光芒。故选A项。 16. Afterwards, he suggested that getting rid of the birds, they should learn to (live alongside) them, and Maraksacha Reserve was born. A. together with B. instead of C. apart from D. aside by 【答案】B 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：之后，他建议他们不要赶走鸟类，而是学会与它们共存，马拉克萨查保护区就此诞生。A. together with和……一起；B. instead of代替、而不是；C. apart from除了；D. aside by无此搭配。摄影师建议“不赶走”鸟类，而是共存，“instead of”体现“替代”关系，符合逻辑。故选B项。 类型五：结构与顺序关系 专项练 17. Officials have avoided calling it a tax, opting for words like contribution, since it also aims to come up with more money to help better (manage) the phenomenon. A. harder B. plainer C. softer D. smarter 【答案】C 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：官员们避免称其为税收，而是选择了更温和的词汇，如“贡献”，因为该计划还旨在筹集更多资金，以帮助更好地管理这一现象。A. harder更难的；B. plainer更简单的；C. softer更温和的；D. smarter更聪明的。根据上文“Officials have avoided calling it a tax”以及下文“words like contribution”可知，官员们避免称其为税收，而是选择了更温和的词汇。故选C。 18. It was Christmas Day, and while others were celebrating the holiday with , Samiya sat and watched as her three children ate the (last) of the food they had in the house. A. travelling B. shopping C. gathering D. feasting 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天是圣诞节，当其他人都在设宴庆祝节日时，Samiya却坐着，看着三个孩子吃家里仅剩的一点食物。A. travelling旅行；B. shopping购物；C. gathering聚集；D. feasting尽情享受（美味）。根据上文“It was Christmas Day”以及下文“Samiya sat and watched as her three children ate”可知，节日里人们通常会“设宴庆祝、尽情享用美食”，与下文Samiya一家的饥饿形成对比。故选D。 19. “What tortured me the most was my children’s . I wished they would complain, cry or even go to the neighbours to ask for food,” said Samiya. A. bravery B. innocence C. generosity D. silence 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“最折磨我的是孩子们的沉默。我真希望他们能抱怨、哭泣，甚至去邻居家要食物，”Samiya说。A. bravery勇敢；B. innocence天真；C. generosity慷慨；D. silence沉默。根据上文“They never asked for food and never uttered a word of”以及下文“I wished they would complain, cry or even go to the neighbours to ask for food”可知，最折磨Samiya的是孩子们的沉默。故选D。 20. But as the road opened up and the wind seemed to push me forward, my competitive side took over. I gradually _______________ my speed, thinking she would catch up. A. maintained B. reduced C. increased D. measured 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我逐渐加快了速度，以为她会追上来的。A. maintained维持；B. reduced减少；C. increased增加；D. measured测量。根据后文“thinking she would catch up”及“After a few miles, I looked back, and Lily was no longer in my line of sight. (走了几英里之后，我回头望去，却发现莉莉已经不在我的视线范围内了)”可知，此处指作者加快了速度，以为姐姐会追上来。故选C项。 (建议用时：20分钟) 一、完形填空： The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish from each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two separate systems 1 . The origin of the eastern culture is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both cultures were gestated by 2 . In China, the mother river is the Yellow River, 3 the Indian one is the Hindu River. These two cultures were 4 for thousands of years and formed their own styles. Then in Tang Dynasty, Chinese culture 5 went to Japan, mixed into its society and 6 Japanese culture today. When the two mother rivers gave birth to the eastern culture, another famous culture was 7 on the Mesopotamian Plain — the Mesopotamian Civilization. This later developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Rome, known as the 8 of European culture. 9 Chinese culture, the European one also 10 waters. When English colonists 11 in America, their culture crossed the Atlantic. So American culture doesn’t 12 much from the European one. The 13 in language systems adds to the cultural differences. Eastern languages mostly belong to pictographic systems, 14 Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system, such as English. Other factors like human race difference count as well. However, 15 the enormous distance and geographical barriers, the two cultures seldom communicated until recent centuries. 1. A. above all B. on the whole C. in all D. in no case 2. A. mountains B. plains C. lakes D. rivers 3. A. or B. for C. while D. when 4. A. developed B. improved C. created D. protected 5. A. suddenly B. quietly C. gradually D. naturally 6. A. expanded B. interrupted C. ended D. shaped 7. A. brought up B. carried out C. given out D. picked up 8. A. result B. sign C. base D. content 9. A. Through B. Except C. With D. Like 10. A. affected B. spread C. crossed D. formed 11. A. joined up B. settled down C. broke down D. went up 12. A. come B. suffer C. result D. differ 13. A. distinction B. contact C. appearance D. feature 14. A. meanwhile B. therefore C. whereas D. namely 15. A. in terms of B. due to C. as to D. in case of 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. C 11. B 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B 【导语】本文是一篇关于东西方文化差异的说明文。文章从起源、发展和语言系统等方面分析了两种文化体系的不同，并指出地理隔绝是导致其独立发展的主要原因。 1. 考查介词短语辨析。 句意：这是因为文化体系总的来说是两个独立的体系。A. above all 首要的是；B. on the whole 总的来说，大体上；C. in all 总共；D. in no case 绝不。根据上下文，此句是对东西方文化关系的一个概括性判断。故选B项。 2. 考查名词词义辨析及上下文线索。 句意：这两种文化都是由河流孕育的。A. mountains 山脉；B. plains 平原；C. lakes 湖泊；D. rivers 河流。根据下文“In China, the mother river is the Yellow River... the Indian one is the Hindu River”可知，此处指的是河流。故选D项。 3. 考查连词辨析及逻辑关系。 句意：在中国，母亲河是黄河，而印度的母亲河是印度河。A. or 或者 (表选择)；B. for 因为 (表原因)；C. while 而 (表对比)；D. when 当……时 (表时间)。此处连接两个并列分句，表示两国母亲河的对比关系。故选C项。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。 句意：这两种文化发展了数千年，形成了各自的风格。A. developed 发展；B. improved 改进，提高；C. created 创造；D. protected 保护。文化是一个动态“发展”并逐渐形成特色的过程，符合语境。故选A项。 5. 考查副词词义辨析。 句意：到了唐朝，中国文化逐渐传播到日本。A. suddenly 突然地；B. quietly 安静地；C. gradually 逐渐地；D. naturally 自然地。文化传播与融合是一个漫长而“渐进”的过程。故选C项。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。 句意： (中国文化)融入日本社会，并塑造了今天的日本文化。A. expanded 扩张；B. interrupted 打断；C. ended 结束；D. shaped 塑造，影响形成。中国文化对日本文化产生了深远的影响，起到了“塑造”的作用。故选D项。 7. 考查动词短语辨析。 句意：当这两条母亲河孕育东方文化时，另一种著名的文化在美索不达米亚平原上被孕育——美索不达米亚文明。A. brought up 养育，培养，孕育；B. carried out 执行；C. given out 分发；D. picked up 捡起，学会。此处“brought up”与上文“gave birth to” (孕育)相呼应。故选A项。 8. 考查名词词义辨析及文化常识。 句意：这 (古希腊罗马文化)后来被公认为欧洲文化的基础。A. result 结果；B. sign 标志；C. base 基础，根基；D. content 内容。根据历史常识，古希腊罗马文明是欧洲文化的源头和基石。故选C项。 9. 考查介词辨析及类比逻辑。 句意：像中国文化一样，欧洲文化也跨越了水域。A. Through 通过；B. Except 除了；C. With 和……一起；D. Like 像……一样。此处将欧洲文化与上文的中国文化进行类比，说明它们都有跨水域传播的特点。故选D项。 10. 考查动词词义辨析及上下文呼应。 句意：像中国文化一样，欧洲文化也跨越了水域。 A. affected 影响；B. spread 传播；C. crossed 横跨，穿越；D. formed 形成。此处“crossed waters”与下文“crossed the Atlantic” (横跨大西洋)形成直接呼应。故选C项。 11. 考查动词短语辨析。 句意：当英国殖民者在美国定居下来时，他们的文化也越过了大西洋。A. joined up 联合，参军；B. settled down 定居，安定下来；C. broke down 抛锚，崩溃；D. went up 上升。根据历史常识，殖民者是去到新大陆“定居”。故选B项。 12. 考查动词固定搭配。 句意：所以美国文化与欧洲文化并没有太大不同。A. come from 来自；B. suffer from 遭受；C. result from 由……导致；D. differ from 与……不同。此处“differ from”是固定搭配，符合句意，说明两者差异不大。故选D项。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。 句意：语言系统的差异加剧了文化差异。A. distinction 区别，差异；B. contact 接触；C. appearance 外貌；D. feature 特征。东西方语言系统的“不同”是造成文化差异的一个因素。故选A项。 14. 考查逻辑关系连 (副)词辨析。 句意：东方语言大多属于象形文字体系，而西方语言则大多以拉丁体系为基础，比如英语。A. meanwhile 同时 (表时间)；B. therefore 因此 (表结果)；C. whereas 然而，而 (表对比)；D. namely 即，也就是 (表解释)。此处前后分句描述东西方语言体系的根本不同，构成强烈的对比关系。故选C项。 15. 考查介词短语辨析及因果逻辑。 句意：然而，由于遥远的距离和地理障碍，这两种文化直到近几个世纪才有所交流。A. in terms of 就……而言；B. due to 由于，因为；C. as to 关于，至于；D. in case of 万一，假设。空格后“遥远的距离和地理障碍”是导致“很少交流”的原因。故选B项。 二、语法填空： The Mogao Caves: A Legacy in Peril and Preservation Nestled in the desert cliffs near Dunhuang, China, the Mogao Caves represent one of humanity’s most extraordinary artistic achievements. Created over a millennium from the 4th to 14th centuries, this UNESCO World Heritage site contains nearly 500 caves adorned 1 breathtaking Buddhist murals and sculptures. Each year, it draws thousands of visitors 2 marvel at its spiritual and historical significance. As these ancient caves exceed 1,600 years in age, 3 ongoing, meticulous conservation effort is crucial to preserve this fragile heritage. The work 4 (encompass) two primary challenges: structural reinforcement of the caves themselves and artistic conservation of the invaluable paintings within. The original sandstone grottoes face constant threats from erosion and seismic activity, making them remarkably vulnerable. While traditional methods like wooden bracing have been used 5 (historic) to secure cracks, modern preservation now relies on a closely monitored environment. Sophisticated systems maintain stable temperature and humidity levels 6 (prevent) further deterioration of the delicate murals. Restoration of the artworks 7  (go) through evolving phases. Following periods of theft and neglect in the early 20th century, systematic conservation began. Today, damaged areas are carefully treated, with losses 8 (fill) in with scientifically approved, reversible materials. Contemporary 9 (approach) prioritize stabilization over alteration, learning from earlier well-intentioned but sometimes damaging interventions. The enduring mission remains to safeguard the cave’s fading colors and structural integrity for future generations, 10 (ensure) this Silk Road treasure continues to inspire awe and scholarly wonder for centuries to come. 【答案】1. with 2. who 3. an 4. encompasses 5. historically 6. to prevent 7. has gone 8. filled 9. approaches 10. ensuring 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了敦煌莫高窟作为世界文化遗产的悠久历史与艺术价值，详细阐述了其在自然侵蚀和历史因素下面临的保护挑战，以及从古至今、从传统方法到现代科技所采取的系统性、持续性的修复与保护措施，体现了人类对珍贵文化遗产的珍视与传承。 1. 考查介词。句意：这座联合国教科文组织世界遗产包含近500个洞窟，装饰着令人惊叹的佛教壁画和雕塑。“be adorned with”为固定搭配，意为“装饰有，饰有”。故填 with。 2. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：每年，它吸引成千上万的游客，他们惊叹于其精神与历史意义。空格引导定语从句，修饰先行词“visitors”，且在从句中作主语，指代人。故填 who。 3. 考查冠词。句意：由于这些古老洞窟的年龄超过1600岁，一项持续而细致的保护工作对于保护这一脆弱遗产至关重要。此处“ongoing, meticulous conservation effort”为单数可数名词短语，且第一次被提及，需用不定冠词。因“ongoing”以元音音素开头，故填 an。 4. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这项工作包含两个主要挑战：洞窟本身的结构加固和内部无价壁画的艺术保护。句子主语“The work”为不可数名词单数，且描述客观事实，谓语动词需用第三人称单数一般现在时。故填 encompasses。 5. 考查副词。句意：虽然像木支撑这样的传统方法在历史上曾被用来加固裂缝，但现代保护现在依赖于一个严密监控的环境。空格处修饰动词短语“have been used”，需用副词形式。故填 historically。 6. 考查非谓语动词（不定式作目的状语）。句意：精密的系统维持着稳定的温度和湿度水平，以防止精美壁画进一步恶化。空格前句子结构完整，此处表示维持稳定环境的目的，需用不定式作目的状语。故填 to prevent。 7. 考查动词时态。句意：艺术品的修复工作已经经历了不同的发展阶段。根据下文“Following periods of... systematic conservation began. Today...”可知，修复工作从过去一直持续至今，强调对现在的影响和结果，且主语为单数，应用现在完成时。故填 has gone。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，受损区域得到精心处理，缺失部分被填入科学认可的、可逆的材料。分析句子结构，“with losses ___ in with...”为“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的独立主格结构。“losses”与“fill”之间是被动关系，需用过去分词。故填 filled。 9. 考查名词复数。句意：当代的方法优先考虑稳定而非改变，这是从早期虽出于好意但有时会造成损害的干预中吸取的教训。根据谓语动词“prioritize”为复数形式，可判断主语应为复数名词。故填 approaches。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这项持久的使命始终是为子孙后代守护石窟褪色的色彩和结构完整性，以确保这一丝绸之路的宝藏能继续在未来几个世纪激发人们的敬畏与学术好奇。分析句子结构，空格前句子主干完整。此处表示伴随目的或结果，且其逻辑主语与主句主语“The enduring mission”一致，应用现在分词。故填 ensuring。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网 (北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $