专题11 必修第三册 Unit 6 课文预习填空+重点单词+重点句型+语法讲解（寒假预习讲义）高一英语外研版

专题11 必修第三册 Unit 6 Disaster and hope 课文预习填空+重点单词+重点句型+语法讲解（寒假预习） 【Understanding ideas】 Hot! Hot! Hot! Picking (pick) up a free newspaper at the Tube station, I see the title “Hot! Hot! Hot!”. Today, the temperature in London is expected to reach (reach) 30 plus degrees! The average high temperature in July is only 22 degrees, so over 30 is not usual for London. It’s going to be awful on the Central Line, with no air conditioning(空调). Why did they have to invent the Tube before air conditioning? It’s just typical (type) that my journey is on one of the oldest lines, as well as one of the deepest (deep). It’s the hottest on the whole Tube system. Sure enough, going down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping (jump) into a volcano that’s erupting (喷发). This, however, is nothing compared to the train. Because there’s no air conditioning, the temperature inside the train can reach 35 degrees! It’s lovely in the beach, but not so when you’re wearing a suit and in a crowd of passengers! I’m sure the passenger next to me and I are melting (melt) and becoming one! I had bacon and eggs for breakfast, and now I’m feeling a bit sick (有点不舒服)—I hope I can make it to Bank station... I’ll avoid the feeling (feel) by thinking about work. I work in a tall, glass building. One very hot summer, the sun reflected (反射) off it and melted cars parked below! Will this happen again today? Yes, each summer in London definitely (definite) seems hotter than the last. I suddenly feel a bit scared (scare). Perhaps now is the time to start planning for the future? I should probably (probable) put my flat on the market and buy a boat. That way, when the Thames rises and there is a flood (洪水) in London, I’ll still be able to get to work. But wait! Would I still have a workplace to go to? My office is only on the third floor of the building, so quite low. I’ll speak with my manager about moving to the top floor. Most importantly, I will need to learn to swim! I’ll join a beginner’s swimming class immediately(立刻). Then I’ll be able to survive even when the tall buildings are flooded(flood). Looking through my newspaper, I’m shocked by photos showing that a hurricane (飓风) in Asia has destroyed a town. What’s more, heavy rain in Eastern Europe has caused landslides(山体滑坡), and the heat across Southern Europe has caused forest fires. Experts say this bad weather has occurred (occur) due to climate change. News like this makes me feel nervous. Now that (既然) it’s hard to avoid a disaster on Earth, perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space... “The next station is Bank!” comes the announcement(播报). That’s my destination(目的地). Stepping out of the station with a heavy heart(怀着沉重的心情), I suddenly feel a fresh wind on my face. Well, maybe I have been worrying too much. After all(毕竟), it’s only 30 degrees outside! --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 【Developing ideas】 Stars after the storm It’s strange, but I don’t really remember much about the hurricane itself. It all happened so quickly. I was sitting in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap (大腿部), when the roof just flew (fly) off. All of a sudden, there was sky where the roof had been. I was so frightened that I just froze(如此害怕以至于吓呆了). Mom cried to get out quickly, but it was already too late by then. The rain was coming down so hard and so fast. Our street turned into a river in seconds. We were going nowhere(无处可去). At first, I was pleased (please) we could stay at home, but soon it got really tough. Without a roof, staying inside was too dangerous. There was water everywhere, but we couldn’t drink any of it otherwise (否则) we’d get really sick. We just had drinking water (饮用水) that was sent to us by helicopter(直升机), but it was never enough. It was August, so it was really, really hot and it smelled so bad everywhere! I just spent the days watching the boats going (go) up and down the street and looking out for Smartie. He had disappeared the moment the storm hit(风暴袭来). Living in the open air, we became breakfast, lunch and dinner for the mosquitos(蚊子). But Mom said that whatever happens, we should always try to see the good side of things. It was difficult to stay positive, though(然而). We had lost our home and everything in it, including Smartie. All we had left were the clothes on our backs. But as Mom kept on reminding (remind) us, we were all together and safe. Mom’s words made us feel better. I remember us all lying (lie) under the midnight (午夜) sky and looking up at the stars. Because there were no lights, we could see the Big Dipper, the Little Dipper and the Milky Way. It was amazing! Even though we had lost a lot, moments like those gave us hope for the future. Although it was only a few days before we were rescued (rescue), it felt like months. We were taken to another town in a faraway county(县). Thankfully(thankful), Smartie came home just in time. We were so happy to take him with us, although then, none of us knew that we wouldn’t be back for quite a while. Now, one year has passed and I’m back home in New Orleans. Some families have yet to (还没有) return, but many others have come back. Although we are surrounded by (被……围绕) reminders of the disaster, we are working together to rebuild our homes and our lives. Now we have another chance to look up at the stars of New Orleans, their beauty inspiring (inspire) us and giving us confidence to move (move) on. 知 识 精 讲 Part 1：重点单词 核心单词 词性及含义 词性转换 固定搭配 typical adj. 典型的； 有代表性的 typically (adv.) 典型地；通常 ◆be typical of 是…… 的典型特征 ◆It is typical of sb to do sth. 某人不出所料做某事 occur vi. 发生； 出现 occurrence (n.) 发生的事情；事件 ◆sth. occur to sb. 某人突然想到（某事）； ◆It occurs to sb. to do sth./that... 某人想到做某事/想到…… announcement n. 通告； 布告； 通知 announce (v.) 宣布；宣告 ◆make an announcement 发布通告 ◆issue an announcement 发表声明 consist vi. 组成； 构成； 在于 consistent (adj.) 一致的；始终如一的 ◆consist of 由…… 组成（无被动） ◆consist in 在于 ◆consist with 与…… 一致 threaten v. 威胁； 恐吓； 预示（危险） threatened (adj.) 受到威胁的， 感到危险的 threatening (adj.)； 威胁性的，恐吓性的 threat (n.) 威胁；恐吓 ◆threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事 ◆threaten sb. with sth. 用某物威胁某人 remind vt. 提醒； 使想起 reminder (n.) 提醒物；提示 ◆remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事 ◆remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 ◆remind sb. that... 提醒某人…… shelter n. 遮蔽物； 庇护所； 避难所 v. 遮蔽； 庇护； 躲避 shelterless (adj.) 无遮蔽的；无庇护的 ◆take shelter 躲避；避难 ◆shelter … from … 保护……免受…… ◆provide shelter for sb. 为某人提供庇护所 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. (2024・河北石家庄二模) The old diary always reminds me ______ the happy days we spent together in the countryside. 2. (2023・全国甲卷改编) The sudden ______ (occur) of the earthquake caught the residents off guard and caused great damage. 3. (2022・山东潍坊一模) The rescue team provided a temporary place for the homeless to shelter _______ the freezing wind and snow. 4. (2021・浙江卷真题) It is ______ (type) of him to get up early and read English aloud for half an hour every morning. 5. (2024・湖北黄冈调研) A medical team, ______ (consist) of three doctors and five nurses, was sent to the disaster - stricken area immediately. 6. (2023・四川绵阳二模) The government’s official ______ (announce) about the new housing policy will be broadcast on TV tonight. 7. (2022・江苏苏州一模) Many ______ (threaten) animals, such as pandas and tigers, are being well protected in national reserves now. 8. (2021・天津卷改编) It never ______ (occur) to me that I would have the chance to study abroad with a scholarship. 9. (2024・湖北武汉高三联考) The beauty of this traditional art form does not consist ______ the fancy materials, but in the sincere emotions it conveys. 10. (2023・湖南长沙二模) The teacher ______ (reminder) us to hand in our homework before class, or we would be punished. 11. (2022・广东广州一模) The committee ______ (consist) of ten members, including two representatives from the local community. 12. (2021・全国乙卷改编) The manager ______ (announcement) to fire anyone who was late for work three times in a month at the meeting yesterday. 13. (2024・山东济南高三一模) The teacher always reminds us ______ (hand) in our homework before the first class every morning. 14. (2023・江西南昌一模) The rising sea level ______ (threat) the coastal cities with flooding if we don’t take effective measures soon. 15. (2022・重庆卷模拟) The villagers were ______ (shelter) from the danger of the wildfire by the brave firefighters last week. Part 2：重点句型 【根据汉语提示完成句子】 1. By early May, emergency aid worth 9.7 million US dollars had been donated by China, with a further round of emergency aid to follow. 到五月初，中国已经捐赠了价值970万美元的紧急援助，随后还将提供另一轮紧急援助。 【核心结构】by + 过去时间点 → 过去完成时 本句中的时间状语是 by early May（到五月初为止），属于明确的过去时间点。 介词 by 在这里的含义是 “到…… 时候为止”，强调动作在这个时间点之前已经完成。 因此，句子的谓语动词需要使用过去完成时，来表达 “动作发生在过去时间点之前” 的逻辑。此外，本句的主语是emergency aid，与谓语动词donate构成被动关系，所以谓语应使用过去完成时的被动语态（had + been + 动词的过去分词），即：had been donated。 【拓展总结】by + 不同时间状语对应的时态规律 时间状语类型 对应时态 例句 by + 过去时间点 （如 by yesterday, by last week） 过去完成时： had done By last Friday, we had finished all the preparation work. by + 现在时间点 （如 by now, by this time） 现在完成时： have/has done By now, the project has been completed successfully. by + 将来时间点 （如 by next year, by 2030） 将来完成时： will have done By 2030, scientists will have found more solutions to environmental problems. 2. I was sitting in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap, when the roof jus flew off. 我坐在我的房间里，我的猫斯马蒂在我的腿上，这时屋顶突然飞走了。 【核心句型】be doing sth. ... when... 结构分析 这个结构用来描述 “一个持续性动作正在进行，另一个短暂动作突然发生” 的场景，突出事件的偶然性和突发性，具体拆解如下： ◇主句部分：I was sitting in my room... 用 过去进行时 (was/were + doing)，强调 过去某个时刻正在持续的动作或状态，本句中就是 “我正抱着猫坐在房间里” 这个持续的场景。 ◇连词 when：此处不是引导时间状语从句的 “当…… 时”，而是 并列连词，含义为 “就在这时；突然”，用来引出一个 意想不到、突然发生的动作。 ◇从句部分：when the roof just flew off 用 一般过去时，表示这个动作是 短暂的、突发的，并且打断了主句正在进行的动作，本句中就是 “屋顶突然飞掉” 这个意外事件。 【拓展总结】同类结构 结构形式 含义 例句 was/were doing ... when ... 过去正在做……， 这时突然…… She was reading a novel when the phone rang. was/were about to do ... when ... 过去正要做……， 这时突然…… We were about to leave when it began to rain heavily. had just done ... when ... 过去刚做完……， 这时突然…… He had just finished his homework when his mother came back. ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. (2023・全国甲卷改编) By the end of last term, we ______ (finish) three English novels and made great progress in reading. 2. (2024・山东潍坊一模) By now, a lot of new energy vehicles ______ (produce) in this factory to meet the market demand. 3. (2022・天津卷真题) By the year 2030, scientists ______ (find) a more effective way to solve the environmental problem. 4. (2024・湖北黄冈二模) The old man ______ (walk) his dog in the park when it began to rain heavily. 5. (2021・浙江卷改编) By last weekend, all the damaged roads in the mountain area ______ (repair) by the local government. 6. (2023・湖南长沙一模) I was about ________ (go) to bed when there was a loud knock at the door. 7. (2024・河南洛阳二模) By the time you arrive at the airport, we ______ (wait) for you for more than two hours. 8. (2022・江苏苏州一模) She ______ (prepare) for the exam carefully when her little brother broke her pen accidentally. 9. (2021・全国乙卷改编) By the end of this month, the new library ______ (build) and it will be open to the public soon. 10. (2024・安徽合肥高三二模) He had just finished his report ______ (finish) the manager asked him to hand it in at once. Part 3：重点语法：省略句 探究一：高考高频省略类型——状语从句中的省略（重点） 1. 观察例句，找出省略规律 例句1：While (she was) waiting for the bus, she read a newspaper. 例句2：If (it is) necessary, we will hold a meeting to discuss the problem. 例句3：Though (he was) tired, he still continued to work. 例句4：Unless (you are) invited, you shouldn't go to the party. △思考1：以上省略句均出自哪种从句？引导这些从句的连词有哪些？ △思考2：省略的成分是什么？满足什么条件才能进行这样的省略？ 【规律总结1】 当状语从句（时间、条件、让步、方式等）的主语与___________一致，且从句中含有___________（be动词的某种形式：am, is, are, was, were）时，可以省略从句中的___________和___________。 常见引导连词：when, while, as, if, unless, though, although, as if, once等。 2. 特殊情况：从句主语为it时的省略 例句：If (it is) possible, I will help you with your homework. 规律：当状语从句的主语是___________，且从句中含有be动词时，也可省略“it + be”。 3. 即时练习：补全下列省略句中省略的成分 （1）When ___________ asked about his dream, the boy said he wanted to be a doctor. （2）Though _________ weak in English, she never gives up learning it. （3）As _________ planned, we held the sports meeting on the playground yesterday. 探究二：高考高频省略类型——不定式中的省略 1. 观察例句，找出省略规律 例句1：A: Will you go to the park with me? B: I'd like to (go to the park with you). 例句2：He didn't go to the party, but he wanted to (go to the party). 例句3：You don't need to finish the work today, but you have to (finish the work today) tomorrow. △思考：以上例句中省略的是什么成分？满足什么条件可以省略？ 【规律总结2】 当不定式结构（to do）在句中重复出现，且上下文语义明确时，为避免重复，可省略不定式符号___________后面的动词原形及后续成分，只保留___________。 常见搭配：want to, hope to, plan to, intend to, would like to, have to, need to等。 2. 特殊情况：不定式符号to的省略 例句1：Let him (to) go out. （let后接不定式作宾补，省略to） 例句2：I saw her (to) cross the street just now. （see后接不定式作宾补，省略to） 规律：在使役动词（let, make, have）和感官动词（see, watch, notice, hear, feel等）后接不定式作宾语补足语时，通常省略不定式符号___________。 ★注意：当这类动词用于被动语态时，省略的to要还原。 例：She was seen to cross the street just now. 3. 即时练习：完成下列句子，用适当的省略形式 （1）A: Do you want to join the English club? B: Yes, I ______. （2）My mother told me to clean the room, and I had to ______. （3）The teacher made the students ______ (read) the text aloud. 探究三：高考高频省略类型——并列句中的省略 1. 观察例句，找出省略规律 例句1：Tom is good at math, and Jack (is good at math) too. 例句2：He will go to Beijing, but his sister (will) not (go to Beijing). 例句3：She bought a pen yesterday and (she) will buy a notebook tomorrow. △思考：以上并列句中省略了哪些成分？省略的前提是什么？ 【规律总结3】 在由and, but, or, so等连接的并列句中，当后一分句与前一分句有___________的主语、谓语或其他成分时，为避免重复，可省略后一分句中重复的成分。 2. 即时练习：补全下列并列句中省略的成分 （1）He likes playing football, and his brother ______ playing basketball. （2）I have finished my homework, but my deskmate ______ not ______. （3）She can speak English fluently, and so ______ he. ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1. （2023·全国乙卷改编）While ______ (walk) in the forest, we found a lot of rare plants. 2. （2022·新高考I卷改编）______ necessary, you can ask the teacher for help. 3. （2024·山东潍坊一模）A: Would you like to go swimming with us? B: I'd love ______. 4. （2021·浙江卷改编）Though ______ (tire) after a long walk, she still insisted on visiting the museum. 5. （2024·湖北黄冈二模）When ______ (ask) about his favorite subject, the student said he liked English best. 6. （2022·天津卷改编）He didn't want to go to the party, but he had to ______. 7. （2023·湖南长沙一模）As ______ (plan), we held the sports meeting on the playground yesterday. 8. (2024・新课标 Ⅰ 卷模拟题语法填空改编) The missing girl ________ (see) to walk alone in the park at 8 p.m. yesterday, according to the witness’s statement. 9. （2022·江苏苏州一模）Tom likes playing football, and his sister ______ too. 10. （2021·全国甲卷改编）Unless ______ (invite), you shouldn't go to the private party. 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题11 必修第三册 Unit 6 Disaster and hope 课文预习填空+重点单词+重点句型+语法讲解（寒假预习） 【Understanding ideas】 Hot! Hot! Hot! Picking (pick) up a free newspaper at the Tube station, I see the title “Hot! Hot! Hot!”. Today, the temperature in London is expected to reach (reach) 30 plus degrees! The average high temperature in July is only 22 degrees, so over 30 is not usual for London. It’s going to be awful on the Central Line, with no air conditioning(空调). Why did they have to invent the Tube before air conditioning? It’s just typical (type) that my journey is on one of the oldest lines, as well as one of the deepest (deep). It’s the hottest on the whole Tube system. Sure enough, going down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping (jump) into a volcano that’s erupting (喷发). This, however, is nothing compared to the train. Because there’s no air conditioning, the temperature inside the train can reach 35 degrees! It’s lovely in the beach, but not so when you’re wearing a suit and in a crowd of passengers! I’m sure the passenger next to me and I are melting (melt) and becoming one! I had bacon and eggs for breakfast, and now I’m feeling a bit sick (有点不舒服)—I hope I can make it to Bank station... I’ll avoid the feeling (feel) by thinking about work. I work in a tall, glass building. One very hot summer, the sun reflected (反射) off it and melted cars parked below! Will this happen again today? Yes, each summer in London definitely (definite) seems hotter than the last. I suddenly feel a bit scared (scare). Perhaps now is the time to start planning for the future? I should probably (probable) put my flat on the market and buy a boat. That way, when the Thames rises and there is a flood (洪水) in London, I’ll still be able to get to work. But wait! Would I still have a workplace to go to? My office is only on the third floor of the building, so quite low. I’ll speak with my manager about moving to the top floor. Most importantly, I will need to learn to swim! I’ll join a beginner’s swimming class immediately(立刻). Then I’ll be able to survive even when the tall buildings are flooded(flood). Looking through my newspaper, I’m shocked by photos showing that a hurricane (飓风) in Asia has destroyed a town. What’s more, heavy rain in Eastern Europe has caused landslides(山体滑坡), and the heat across Southern Europe has caused forest fires. Experts say this bad weather has occurred (occur) due to climate change. News like this makes me feel nervous. Now that (既然) it’s hard to avoid a disaster on Earth, perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space... “The next station is Bank!” comes the announcement(播报). That’s my destination(目的地). Stepping out of the station with a heavy heart(怀着沉重的心情), I suddenly feel a fresh wind on my face. Well, maybe I have been worrying too much. After all(毕竟), it’s only 30 degrees outside! --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 【Developing ideas】 Stars after the storm It’s strange, but I don’t really remember much about the hurricane itself. It all happened so quickly. I was sitting in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap (大腿部), when the roof just flew (fly) off. All of a sudden, there was sky where the roof had been. I was so frightened that I just froze(如此害怕以至于吓呆了). Mom cried to get out quickly, but it was already too late by then. The rain was coming down so hard and so fast. Our street turned into a river in seconds. We were going nowhere(无处可去). At first, I was pleased (please) we could stay at home, but soon it got really tough. Without a roof, staying inside was too dangerous. There was water everywhere, but we couldn’t drink any of it otherwise (否则) we’d get really sick. We just had drinking water (饮用水) that was sent to us by helicopter(直升机), but it was never enough. It was August, so it was really, really hot and it smelled so bad everywhere! I just spent the days watching the boats going (go) up and down the street and looking out for Smartie. He had disappeared the moment the storm hit(风暴袭来). Living in the open air, we became breakfast, lunch and dinner for the mosquitos(蚊子). But Mom said that whatever happens, we should always try to see the good side of things. It was difficult to stay positive, though(然而). We had lost our home and everything in it, including Smartie. All we had left were the clothes on our backs. But as Mom kept on reminding (remind) us, we were all together and safe. Mom’s words made us feel better. I remember us all lying (lie) under the midnight (午夜) sky and looking up at the stars. Because there were no lights, we could see the Big Dipper, the Little Dipper and the Milky Way. It was amazing! Even though we had lost a lot, moments like those gave us hope for the future. Although it was only a few days before we were rescued (rescue), it felt like months. We were taken to another town in a faraway county(县). Thankfully(thankful), Smartie came home just in time. We were so happy to take him with us, although then, none of us knew that we wouldn’t be back for quite a while. Now, one year has passed and I’m back home in New Orleans. Some families have yet to (还没有) return, but many others have come back. Although we are surrounded by (被……围绕) reminders of the disaster, we are working together to rebuild our homes and our lives. Now we have another chance to look up at the stars of New Orleans, their beauty inspiring (inspire) us and giving us confidence to move (move) on. 知 识 精 讲 Part 1：重点单词 核心单词 词性及含义 词性转换 固定搭配 typical adj. 典型的； 有代表性的 typically (adv.) 典型地；通常 ◆be typical of 是…… 的典型特征 ◆It is typical of sb to do sth. 某人不出所料做某事 occur vi. 发生； 出现 occurrence (n.) 发生的事情；事件 ◆sth. occur to sb. 某人突然想到（某事）； ◆It occurs to sb. to do sth./that... 某人想到做某事/想到…… announcement n. 通告； 布告； 通知 announce (v.) 宣布；宣告 ◆make an announcement 发布通告 ◆issue an announcement 发表声明 consist vi. 组成； 构成； 在于 consistent (adj.) 一致的；始终如一的 ◆consist of 由…… 组成（无被动） ◆consist in 在于 ◆consist with 与…… 一致 threaten v. 威胁； 恐吓； 预示（危险） threatened (adj.) 受到威胁的， 感到危险的 threatening (adj.)； 威胁性的，恐吓性的 threat (n.) 威胁；恐吓 ◆threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事 ◆threaten sb. with sth. 用某物威胁某人 remind vt. 提醒； 使想起 reminder (n.) 提醒物；提示 ◆remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事 ◆remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 ◆remind sb. that... 提醒某人…… shelter n. 遮蔽物； 庇护所； 避难所 v. 遮蔽； 庇护； 躲避 shelterless (adj.) 无遮蔽的；无庇护的 ◆take shelter 躲避；避难 ◆shelter … from … 保护……免受…… ◆provide shelter for sb. 为某人提供庇护所 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. (2024・河北石家庄二模) The old diary always reminds me ______ the happy days we spent together in the countryside. 答案：of 解析：考查固定搭配。remind sb. of sth. 表示 “使某人想起某事”，故填介词 of。 2. (2023・全国甲卷改编) The sudden ______ (occur) of the earthquake caught the residents off guard and caused great damage. 答案：occurrence 解析：考查词性转换。定冠词 The 和形容词 sudden 后需接名词，occur 的名词形式是 occurrence，意为 “发生的事情”。 3. (2022・山东潍坊一模) The rescue team provided a temporary place for the homeless to shelter _______ the freezing wind and snow. 答案：from 解析：考查固定搭配：shelter from 表示 “躲避（风雨、寒冷等）”，故填from。 4. (2021・浙江卷真题) It is ______ (type) of him to get up early and read English aloud for half an hour every morning. 答案：typical 解析：考查词性转换。固定句型 It is typical of sb. to do sth. 表示 “某人做某事是典型的”，此处需填形容词 typical。 5. (2024・湖北黄冈调研) A medical team, ______ (consist) of three doctors and five nurses, was sent to the disaster - stricken area immediately. 答案：consisting 解析：考查非谓语动词。consist of 表示 “由…… 组成”，与逻辑主语 A medical team 为主动关系，故填现在分词 consisting。 6. (2023・四川绵阳二模) The government’s official ______ (announce) about the new housing policy will be broadcast on TV tonight. 答案：announcement 解析：考查词性转换。名词所有格 official 后需接名词，announce 的名词形式是 announcement，意为 “通告、声明”。 7. (2022・江苏苏州一模) Many ______ (threaten) animals, such as pandas and tigers, are being well protected in national reserves now. 答案：threatened 解析：考查词性转换。此处需填形容词修饰名词 animals，threaten 的形容词形式 threatened 意为 “濒危的”。 8. (2021・天津卷改编) It never ______ (occur) to me that I would have the chance to study abroad with a scholarship. 答案：occurred 解析：考查词性转换和固定句型。It occurs to sb. that... 表示 “某人想到……”，此处需填动词形式，结合从句时态用一般过去时 occurred。 9. (2024・湖北武汉高三联考) The beauty of this traditional art form does not consist ______ the fancy materials, but in the sincere emotions it conveys. 答案：in 解析： 这道题考查的是固定搭配 consist in, 意思是 “在于；存在于”，用来表示事物的本质、核心或根源所在。句子译文：这种传统艺术形式的美，不在于华丽的材料，而在于它所传递的真挚情感。 10. (2023・湖南长沙二模) The teacher ______ (reminder) us to hand in our homework before class, or we would be punished. 答案：reminded 解析：考查词性转换和固定搭配。remind sb. to do sth. 表示 “提醒某人做某事”，此处需填动词形式，结合后文 would 用一般过去时 reminded。 11. (2022・广东广州一模) The committee ______ (consist) of ten members, including two representatives from the local community. 答案：consists 解析：考查词性转换和主谓一致。consist of 表示 “由…… 组成”，此处需填动词形式，主语 The committee 为单数，故填动词第三人称单数形式 consists。 12. (2021・全国乙卷改编) The manager ______ (announcement) to fire anyone who was late for work three times in a month at the meeting yesterday. 答案：announced 解析：考查词性转换和时态。此处缺少谓语动词，announce 的动词形式表示 “宣布”，根据 yesterday 可知用一般过去时 announced。 13. (2024・山东济南高三一模) The teacher always reminds us ______ (hand) in our homework before the first class every morning. 答案：to hand 解析：考查固定搭配。remind sb. to do sth. 表示 “提醒某人做某事”，此处结合句意填 to hand in（上交），符合该短语的用法要求。 14. (2023・江西南昌一模) The rising sea level ______ (threat) the coastal cities with flooding if we don’t take effective measures soon. 答案：will threaten 解析：考查词性转换和时态。threaten sb./sth. with sth. 表示 “用某事威胁某人 / 某物”，此处需填动词形式，根据条件状语从句 “主将从现” 原则，填 will threaten。 15. (2022・重庆卷模拟) The villagers were ______ (shelter) from the danger of the wildfire by the brave firefighters last week. 答案：sheltered 解析：考查固定搭配和被动语态。shelter sb. from sth. 表示 “保护某人免受某物伤害”，主语 The villagers 与 shelter 为被动关系，故填过去分词 sheltered。 Part 2：重点句型 【根据汉语提示完成句子】 1. By early May, emergency aid worth 9.7 million US dollars had been donated by China, with a further round of emergency aid to follow. 到五月初，中国已经捐赠了价值970万美元的紧急援助，随后还将提供另一轮紧急援助。 【核心结构】by + 过去时间点 → 过去完成时 本句中的时间状语是 by early May（到五月初为止），属于明确的过去时间点。 介词 by 在这里的含义是 “到…… 时候为止”，强调动作在这个时间点之前已经完成。 因此，句子的谓语动词需要使用过去完成时，来表达 “动作发生在过去时间点之前” 的逻辑。此外，本句的主语是emergency aid，与谓语动词donate构成被动关系，所以谓语应使用过去完成时的被动语态（had + been + 动词的过去分词），即：had been donated。 【拓展总结】by + 不同时间状语对应的时态规律 时间状语类型 对应时态 例句 by + 过去时间点 （如 by yesterday, by last week） 过去完成时： had done By last Friday, we had finished all the preparation work. by + 现在时间点 （如 by now, by this time） 现在完成时： have/has done By now, the project has been completed successfully. by + 将来时间点 （如 by next year, by 2030） 将来完成时： will have done By 2030, scientists will have found more solutions to environmental problems. 2. I was sitting in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap, when the roof jus flew off. 我坐在我的房间里，我的猫斯马蒂在我的腿上，这时屋顶突然飞走了。 【核心句型】be doing sth. ... when... 结构分析 这个结构用来描述 “一个持续性动作正在进行，另一个短暂动作突然发生” 的场景，突出事件的偶然性和突发性，具体拆解如下： ◇主句部分：I was sitting in my room... 用 过去进行时 (was/were + doing)，强调 过去某个时刻正在持续的动作或状态，本句中就是 “我正抱着猫坐在房间里” 这个持续的场景。 ◇连词 when：此处不是引导时间状语从句的 “当…… 时”，而是 并列连词，含义为 “就在这时；突然”，用来引出一个 意想不到、突然发生的动作。 ◇从句部分：when the roof just flew off 用 一般过去时，表示这个动作是 短暂的、突发的，并且打断了主句正在进行的动作，本句中就是 “屋顶突然飞掉” 这个意外事件。 【拓展总结】同类结构 结构形式 含义 例句 was/were doing ... when ... 过去正在做……， 这时突然…… She was reading a novel when the phone rang. was/were about to do ... when ... 过去正要做……， 这时突然…… We were about to leave when it began to rain heavily. had just done ... when ... 过去刚做完……， 这时突然…… He had just finished his homework when his mother came back. ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. (2023・全国甲卷改编) By the end of last term, we ______ (finish) three English novels and made great progress in reading. 答案：had finished 解析：考查 by + 过去时间点 对应的时态。时间状语 By the end of last term 是过去时间点，强调动作在该时间前已完成，用过去完成时的主动语态。 2. (2024・山东潍坊一模) By now, a lot of new energy vehicles ______ (produce) in this factory to meet the market demand. 答案：have been produced 解析：考查 by + 现在时间点 对应的时态和语态。时间状语 By now 是现在时间点，主语 vehicles 与 produce 是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态。 3. (2022・天津卷真题) By the year 2030, scientists ______ (find) a more effective way to solve the environmental problem. 答案：will have found 解析：考查 by + 将来时间点 对应的时态。时间状语 By the year 2030 是将来时间点，强调动作在该时间前完成，用将来完成时的主动语态。 4. (2024・湖北黄冈二模) The old man ______ (walk) his dog in the park when it began to rain heavily. 答案：was walking 解析：考查 be doing sth. ... when ... 结构。when 后是过去突发的动作，主句用过去进行时，强调 “正在做某事时，突然发生另一件事”。 5. (2021・浙江卷改编) By last weekend, all the damaged roads in the mountain area ______ (repair) by the local government. 答案：had been repaired 解析：考查 by + 过去时间点 对应的时态和语态。时间状语 By last weekend 是过去时间点，主语 roads 与 repair 是被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态。 6. (2023・湖南长沙一模) I was about ________ (go) to bed when there was a loud knock at the door. 答案：to go 解析：考查 be about to do sth. ... when ... 结构。故填写to go 7. (2024・河南洛阳二模) By the time you arrive at the airport, we ______ (wait) for you for more than two hours. 答案：will have been waiting 解析：考查 by + 将来时间点 对应的时态。时间状语 By the time you arrive 是将来时间点，强调动作持续到该时间，用将来完成进行时的主动语态。 8. (2022・江苏苏州一模) She ______ (prepare) for the exam carefully when her little brother broke her pen accidentally. 答案：was preparing 解析：考查 be doing sth. ... when ... 结构。when 后是过去突发的动作，主句用过去进行时，体现 “正在备考时，笔被弟弟弄坏” 的场景。 9. (2021・全国乙卷改编) By the end of this month, the new library ______ (build) and it will be open to the public soon. 答案：will have been built 解析：考查 by + 将来时间点 对应的时态和语态。时间状语 By the end of this month 是将来时间点，主语 library 与 build 是被动关系，用将来完成时的被动语态。 10. (2024・安徽合肥高三二模) He had just finished his report ______ (finish) the manager asked him to hand it in at once. 答案：when 解析：考查 had just done ... when ... 固定结构。该结构表示 “刚做完某事，这时突然……”，其中 when 为并列连词，意为 “就在这时”，用来引出突发的动作，故填 when。 Part 3：重点语法：省略句 探究一：高考高频省略类型——状语从句中的省略（重点） 1. 观察例句，找出省略规律 例句1：While (she was) waiting for the bus, she read a newspaper. 例句2：If (it is) necessary, we will hold a meeting to discuss the problem. 例句3：Though (he was) tired, he still continued to work. 例句4：Unless (you are) invited, you shouldn't go to the party. △思考1：以上省略句均出自哪种从句？引导这些从句的连词有哪些？ △思考2：省略的成分是什么？满足什么条件才能进行这样的省略？ 答案： 思考1：① 均出自状语从句（涵盖时间、条件、让步等类型）； ② 常见引导连词：while、if、though、unless（此外还有when、as、although、as if、 once等）。 思考2：① 省略的成分：多数情况省略从句中的“主语+be动词”（如例句1省略“she was”、例句3省略“he was”、例句4省略“you are”）；特殊情况（从句主语为it）省略“it+be动词”（如例句2省略“it is”）。② 省略条件：一是从句主语与主句主语一致（或从句主语为it）；二是从句中含有be动词（am、is、are、was、were）；三是省略后不改变核心语义、不引起歧义。 【规律总结1】 当状语从句（时间、条件、让步、方式等）的主语与___________一致，且从句中含有___________（be动词的某种形式：am, is, are, was, were）时，可以省略从句中的___________和___________。 常见引导连词：when, while, as, if, unless, though, although, as if, once等。 2. 特殊情况：从句主语为it时的省略 例句：If (it is) possible, I will help you with your homework. 规律：当状语从句的主语是___________，且从句中含有be动词时，也可省略“it + be”。 3. 即时练习：补全下列省略句中省略的成分 （1）When ___________ asked about his dream, the boy said he wanted to be a doctor. （2）Though _________ weak in English, she never gives up learning it. （3）As _________ planned, we held the sports meeting on the playground yesterday. 【规律总结 1】横线答案 主句主语；be 动词（am, is, are, was, were）；主语；be 动词 2. 特殊情况横线答案：it 3. 即时练习横线答案（1）(he was) （2）(she is) （3）(we were) 探究二：高考高频省略类型——不定式中的省略 1. 观察例句，找出省略规律 例句1：A: Will you go to the park with me? B: I'd like to (go to the park with you). 例句2：He didn't go to the party, but he wanted to (go to the party). 例句3：You don't need to finish the work today, but you have to (finish the work today) tomorrow. △思考：以上例句中省略的是什么成分？满足什么条件可以省略？ 答案： 1. 省略的成分：均省略了不定式结构（to do）中重复出现的“to + 动词原形”后面的动词原形及后续成分（如例句1省略“go to the park with you”，例句2省略“go to the party”，例句3省略“finish the work today”），仅保留不定式符号to。 2. 省略的条件：① 句中存在重复的不定式结构（to do）；② 上下文语义明确，省略重复成分后不会引起歧义；③ 核心目的是避免重复，使表达更简洁。 【规律总结2】 当不定式结构（to do）在句中重复出现，且上下文语义明确时，为避免重复，可省略不定式符号___________后面的动词原形及后续成分，只保留___________。 常见搭配：want to, hope to, plan to, intend to, would like to, have to, need to等。 2. 特殊情况：不定式符号to的省略 例句1：Let him (to) go out. （let后接不定式作宾补，省略to） 例句2：I saw her (to) cross the street just now. （see后接不定式作宾补，省略to） 规律：在使役动词（let, make, have）和感官动词（see, watch, notice, hear, feel等）后接不定式作宾语补足语时，通常省略不定式符号___________。 ★注意：当这类动词用于被动语态时，省略的to要还原。 例：She was seen to cross the street just now. 3. 即时练习：完成下列句子，用适当的省略形式 （1）A: Do you want to join the English club? B: Yes, I ______. （2）My mother told me to clean the room, and I had to ______. （3）The teacher made the students ______ (read) the text aloud. 【规律总结 2】横线答案to；to 2. 特殊情况：to 3. 即时练习：（1）do （2）do it / clean it （3）read 探究三：高考高频省略类型——并列句中的省略 1. 观察例句，找出省略规律 例句1：Tom is good at math, and Jack (is good at math) too. 例句2：He will go to Beijing, but his sister (will) not (go to Beijing). 例句3：She bought a pen yesterday and (she) will buy a notebook tomorrow. △思考：以上并列句中省略了哪些成分？省略的前提是什么？ 一、并列句中省略的成分 1. 例句 1：省略了后一分句重复的谓语部分 (is good at math)； 2. 例句 2：省略了后一分句重复的谓语部分 (will) 后的核心动作 (go to Beijing)，仅保留否定词 not； 3. 例句 3：省略了后一分句重复的主语 (she)。 二、省略的前提 1. 句子由 and、but 等并列连词连接，属于并列句结构； 2. 后一分句与前一分句存在 相同的主语、谓语或谓语部分（如例句 1 的谓语、例句 2 的动作、例句 3 的主语）； 3. 省略后不改变句子核心语义，也不会引起歧义，核心目的是 避免重复、使表达更简洁。 【规律总结3】 在由and, but, or, so等连接的并列句中，当后一分句与前一分句有___________的主语、谓语或其他成分时，为避免重复，可省略后一分句中重复的成分。 2. 即时练习：补全下列并列句中省略的成分 （1）He likes playing football, and his brother ______ playing basketball. （2）I have finished my homework, but my deskmate ______ not ______. （3）She can speak English fluently, and so ______ he. 【规律总结 3】横线答案：相同 2. 即时练习：（1）likes （2）has；finished （3）can ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1. （2023·全国乙卷改编）While ______ (walk) in the forest, we found a lot of rare plants. 答案：walking 解析：考查状语从句的省略。从句主语与主句主语we一致，且从句隐含be动词were，符合“主语一致+有be”的省略条件，故省略“we were”，填walk的现在分词形式walking。 2. （2022·新高考I卷改编）______ necessary, you can ask the teacher for help. 答案：If 解析：考查状语从句的省略。If necessary意为“如果有必要的话”。 3. （2024·山东潍坊一模）A: Would you like to go swimming with us? B: I'd love ______. 答案：to 解析：考查不定式的省略。为避免重复前面的“go swimming with us”，在would love后保留不定式符号to，省略后续重复的动词及成分。 4. （2021·浙江卷改编）Though ______ (tire) after a long walk, she still insisted on visiting the museum. 答案：tired 解析：考查状语从句的省略。从句主语与主句主语she一致，从句原句为“Though she was tired”，符合省略条件，省略“she was”，填形容词tired。 5. （2024·湖北黄冈二模）When ______ (ask) about his favorite subject, the student said he liked English best. 答案：asked 解析：考查状语从句的省略。从句主语与主句主语the student一致，从句原句为“When he was asked”，主语和be动词可省略，填ask的过去分词形式asked。 6. （2022·天津卷改编）He didn't want to go to the party, but he had to ______. 答案：go 解析：考查不定式的省略。have to后省略重复的“go to the party”，因前面已有didn't want to，此处保留核心动词原形go即可，符合不定式省略的语义明确原则。 7. （2023·湖南长沙一模）As ______ (plan), we held the sports meeting on the playground yesterday. 答案：planned 解析：考查状语从句的省略。从句主语与主句主语we一致，从句原句为“As it was planned”，符合“主语一致+有be（此处隐含were）”的省略条件，省略“we were”，填plan的过去分词planned。 8. (2024・新课标 Ⅰ 卷模拟题语法填空改编) The missing girl ________ (see) to walk alone in the park at 8 p.m. yesterday, according to the witness’s statement. 答案：was seen 解析：本题考查感官动词 see 的被动语态结构 sb be seen to do sth，结合时间状语 at 8 p.m. yesterday 和单数主语，故填 was seen。 9. （2022·江苏苏州一模）Tom likes playing football, and his sister ______ too. 答案：does 解析：考查并列句的省略。后一分句与前一分句重复“likes playing football”，为避免重复，用助动词does代替“likes playing football”，符合并列句省略重复谓语的原则。 10. （2021·全国甲卷改编）Unless ______ (invite), you shouldn't go to the private party. 答案：invited 解析：考查状语从句的省略。从句主语与主句主语you一致，从句原句为“Unless you are invited”，符合“主语一致+有be”的省略条件，省略“you are”，填invite的过去分词invited。 12 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $