专题 J883 Unit 8 Safe and sound 阅读理解-【题型易-必考题型精练】-2025-2026学年八年级上册英语单元话题中心题型梯度训练 月考突破 题型特训（译林版2024）

单元话题·梯度训练 专题J883阅读理解 单元话题中心 题型特训 Unit 8 Safe and sound 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 内 容 提 要 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 – 10 二、 进阶提升 Passage 11 -15 Passage 1 Hidden (隐藏的) dangers in your house Bedroom: There are some small hidden dangers in your bedroom, such as a humidifier (加湿器) or an electric blanket (电热毯) that’s on. They could all hurt you, so remember to ________ when you go out. Washing Room: Clean up the dryer (烘干机) to stop it from catching fire. Storeroom (储藏室)：Putting useless (无用的) things together may have the chance of catching fire, so you’d better clear them away. Plumbing (水暖管道)：Check the plumbing more often because broken plumbing is dangerous. It can cut the power and make your rooms wet. Please repair it when it’s going to break. Doors and windows: Close the doors and windows before going out because the bad weather may make your rooms wet or even broken. 1. Which of the following can be put in ________? A．turn them off B．clean them up C．throw them away D．take them out 2. Why do people need to clean up the dryer according to the passage? A．To make the room dry quickly. B．To stop fire from happening. C．To use it for a longer time. D．To use it easily next time. 3. Please match the following problems with advice. a. fires in the storeroom. b. Rooms will be wet. c. Broken plumbing. ①Close the doors and windows before going out. ②Clear useless things away. ③Check the plumbing more often. A．a-②;b-①;c-③ B．a-③;b-①; c.-② C．a-②;b-③;c-① D．a-③;b-②; c-① 4. The passage is mainly about ________. A．some ways of stopping fire B．some ways of cleaning rooms C．some ways of finding workers D．some examples of dangers in a house 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. A 4. D 【导语】本文主要介绍了家庭中各区域存在的隐藏危险及对应的防范建议。 1. 细节理解题。根据“Bedroom”部分提到的“加湿器、电热毯”等电器，结合“when you go out”的语境，可知外出时需要“关掉它们”，“turn them off”符合要求。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据“Washing Room”部分“Clean up the dryer (烘干机) to stop it from catching fire.”可知，清理烘干机是为了防止起火。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。a (储藏室起火) 对应② (清理无用物品)；b (房间变湿) 对应① (外出前关门窗)；c (水暖管道损坏) 对应③ (经常检查管道)。因此匹配为a-②;b-①;c-③。故选A。 4. 主旨大意题。全文围绕“家庭中的隐藏危险”展开，介绍了卧室、洗衣房等区域的危险案例及防范建议，核心是家庭中存在的危险例子。故选D。 Passage 2 12th September is a special date. Medical workers wish people to know the importance of first aid. And they’d like to teach training courses on basic first aid.What Is First Aid? It is the first medical care to someone who is ill or gets hurt before help arrives. First aid plays a main part because it can save lives if they get help correctly and in time. It includes (包括) keeping them safe and staying calm. It also includes getting help, either by telling other people or calling 120.Why Is First Aid Important? Doctors say that the first minutes after an accident can make the difference between life and death (死亡). This is why people need to learn first aid.How To Stop Common First Aid Mistakes People should know how to help someone in need correctly and they shouldn’t make first aid mistakes either. Or they may hurt the person even more. 1. Don’t rub (揉) eyes when something falls in the eyes. If you feel that something falls inside your eyes, don’t rub your eyes with your hands. This can hurt your eyes if it is sharp (尖锐的). You can blink (眨) eyes to allow the tears (眼泪) to come and wash away the thing inside. 2. Don’t use ice on the burned (烫伤的) area. Don’t use ice. You should cool the burned area at once with cold running water for over 10 minutes. Then, shout for help or go to the hospital so that they can cover your hands with a clean cloth (布) later. 1. The writer starts the passage by ________. A．introducing a day B．comparing two ideas C．giving an example D．telling his own experience 2. From the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3, we can learn that ________. A．people need to learn first aid in ten minutes to save others B．accidents often happen in a short time and make people die C．it’s important to learn first aid and it may save people in time D．ten minutes is long enough to make people die after accidents 3. Which picture shows how to deal with the burned area first? A． B． C． D． 4. What’s the best title for the passage? A．Common First Aid mistakes B．The importance of First Aid C．First Aid, an important way to save lives D．First Aid training, useful courses in need 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了急救的定义、重要性以及如何避免常见的急救错误。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“12th September is a special date.”可知，作者通过介绍一个特殊日期（世界急救日）来开头。故选A。 2. 词句猜测题。第三段划线句“Doctors say that the first minutes after an accident can make the difference between life and death.”意思是事故后的最初几分钟可能决定生死，由此可推知学习急救很重要，可以及时救人。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Don’t use ice. You should cool the burned area at once with cold running water for over 10 minutes.”可知，烫伤后应立即用流动冷水冲洗，图A（手在水龙头下冲水）符合此描述。故选A。 4. 最佳标题题。全文围绕急救展开，介绍了急救是什么、为什么重要以及如何避免常见错误，核心是说明急救是拯救生命的重要方式。故选C。 Passage 3 Staying Safe in Emergencies Last month, our city experienced a minor earthquake. Many people were cooking dinner or watching TV when the ground started shaking. This emergency situation caused great fear, but knowing how to react kept everyone safe. Here are key safety rules for natural disasters: First, calm down immediately. Panic often leads to accidents. During the earthquake, Mrs. Li was climbing downstairs when she slipped. If she had stayed still under a table, she could have avoided injury. Experts warn us: “Drop, Cover, and Hold On” during quakes. Second, know your escape routes. Schools hold drills so students remember exits. If a fire starts, never use elevators—but always use stairs. When thick smoke appears, crawl low to breathe cleaner air. Third, prepare an emergency kit with water, food, and a flashlight. Last winter, a snowstorm cut power for hours. Families with kits stayed warm while others struggled. Remember: Staying alert and prepared saves lives.阅读单选 1. What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To describe earthquake damage. B．To explain how earthquakes happen. C．To teach emergency safety rules. D．To share a personal accident story. 2. What were people doing when the earthquake started? A．Preparing emergency kits. B．Holding safety drills. C．Cooking or watching TV. D．Crawling on the ground. 3. What should you avoid doing during an earthquake? A．Dropping under a table. B．Holding on to furniture. C．Climbing downstairs. D．Staying calm. 4. Why do schools hold safety drills? A．To cause fear among students. B．To prepare for power cuts. C．To help remember escape routes. D．To warn about bad weather. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. C 4. C 【导语】本文通过地震实例介绍自然灾害中的安全守则：保持冷静、熟悉逃生路线、准备应急包，并强调预防措施的重要性。 1. 主旨大意题。根据“Staying Safe in Emergencies”和“Here are key safety rules for natural disasters:...”及全文内容可知，核心是传授应急安全知识，故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据“Many people were cooking dinner or watching TV when the ground started shaking.”可知，地震发生时人们正在做饭或看电视，故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据“During the earthquake, Mrs. Li was climbing downstairs when she slipped. If she had stayed still under a table, she could have avoided injury.”和“Drop, Cover, and Hold On”可知，地震时“下楼”是应避免的危险行为，故选C。 4. 细节理解题。根据“Schools hold drills so students remember exits.”可知，演习目的是让学生牢记逃生路线，故选C。 Passage 4 Do you like going into the forest? If you go into the forest with friends, you’d better stay with them. If you get lost, maybe the following will help you. Sit down and stay where you are. Don’t try to find your friends—let them find you by staying in one place. There is another way to help your friends or other people to find you. You can shout or whistle (吹哨) three times. Then shout or whistle three times again. Any signal (信号) given three times is a call for help. When people hear you, they will give you two shouts or two whistles. When a signal is given twice, it is an answer to a call for help. If you don’t think that you will get help before night comes, try to make a little house with branches (树枝). Make yourself a bed with leaves and grass. When you need some water, you have to leave your little branch house to look for it. Don’t just walk away. Break off small branches and drop them as you walk in order to go back again easily. 1. If you get lost in the forest, you should ________. A．try to find your friends as soon as possible B．stay in one place and give signals C．walk around the forest D．telephone your friends 2. When you hear two shouts or whistles, you know that ________. A．someone is afraid of an animal B．people will come to help you C．someone has nothing to do D．someone needs help 3. Why do you need to pick off small branches and drop them when looking for water? A．To make a path for others to follow. B．To make a bed with them. C．To build a little house with them. D．To help you find your way back easily. 4. The main idea of the passage is ________. A．how to travel in the forest B．how to spend the night in the forest C．what you should do if you are lost in the forest D．how to help others in the forest 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要提供了在森林中迷路时的完整求生指南，包括发出求救信号、搭建临时住所和确保安全返回的实用方法。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Sit down and stay where you are.”和第三段“You can shout or whistle (吹哨) three times. Then shout or whistle three times again. Any signal (信号) given three times is a call for help.”可知，文中第二段和第三段提到，迷路时应待在原地并发出信号，让朋友或其他人找到你。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“When a signal is given twice, it is an answer to a call for help.”可知，当信号重复两次时，表示是对求救信号的回应，即有人会来帮助你。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第五段“When you need some water, you have to leave your little branch house to look for it…Break off small branches and drop them as you walk in order to go back again easily.”可知，找水的时候把小树枝摘下来留下是为了留下标记，以便顺利返回原来的地方。故选D。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文围绕在森林中迷路时应采取的措施展开，包括待在原地、发出信号、搭建住所以及寻找水源时的注意事项。C选项“如果你在森林里迷路了，你该做什么”最贴合文章主旨。故选C。 Passage 5 On the afternoon of November 26, 2025, a big fire started in an old apartment building in Hong Kong. The fire grew fast and covered 3 floors in 10 minutes. Over 1,200 firefighters came with more than 200 fire trucks to save people in time. This fire told everyone: home fire safety is very important. To stay away from such dangers, we must know common causes. Cooking tools are number-one cause. Never leave the kitchen when cooking, and fully turn off the tools after using them. What’s more, old electrical things can start fires, so check them often to make sure they are working well. Actually, smoking is another cause. Last but not least, keep the kids away from fire, and tell them about the dangers of the fire. How to keep safe from home fires? Try these easy tips: Get smoke alarms (警报) Put one smoke alarm in every room. It will ring early to remind you of the fire. Prepare a fire extinguisher (灭火器) Keep a fire extinguisher at home. It can put out small fires. Check it every 3 months to make sure it works well. Create an escape (逃生) plan A good plan should start with two escape ways from every room. Then know how your family can run, tell kids when and how to get out, and make a house map with all doors and windows. At last, choose a meeting place outside, and don’t forget to practice it often with every family member. Although these tips sound simple, they can save lives in a real fire. 1. How many firemen rushed to put out the fire in Hong Kong? A．Over 200. B．Almost 300. C．Around 5,000. D．More than 1,200. 2. The most common cause of the home fire is ________. A．cooking tools B．old electrical things C．smoking indoors D．not having smoke alarms 3. For a good escape plan, what should people do in step 3? A Home Fire Escape Plan ①Plan two ways out of every room. → ②Teach children how to get out when they hear a smoke alarm. →③→ ④Choose a meeting place away from the house. →⑤Practice your fire escape plan often with every family member. A．Talk with every family member. B．Teach family members how to call 119. C．Make a house map with all doors and windows. D．Think about special needs for older family members. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Plans for Escape from Fire B．Dangers at Home C．A Terrible Fire in Hong Kong D．Fire Safety at Home 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. D 【导语】本文以2025年香港一起严重的公寓火灾为例，强调了家庭防火安全的重要性，介绍了家庭火灾的常见原因，并提供了安装烟雾报警器、准备灭火器和制定逃生计划等具体的安全建议。 1. 细节理解题。根据“Over 1,200 firefighters came with more than 200 fire trucks to save people in time.”可知，消防员人数超过1200名。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据“Cooking tools are number-one cause. Never leave the kitchen when cooking...”可知，最常见的家庭火灾原因是烹饪用具。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章“Create an escape plan”部分的结构，尤其是第3点“make a house map with all doors and windows.”可知，在“制定两个逃生路线”和“教导孩子如何逃生”之后，第三步是制作房屋地图。图表中的顺序也印证了这一点：①对应“Plan two ways...”，②对应“Teach children...”，③是空格，④对应“Choose a meeting place...”，⑤对应“Practice...”。因此，第三步是制作房屋地图。故选C。 4. 最佳标题题。文章首先用香港火灾案例引出家庭防火的重要性，接着分析火灾常见原因，最后重点介绍了三条具体的家庭防火安全建议（烟雾报警器、灭火器、逃生计划），全文核心是“家庭防火安全”。故选D。 Passage 6 You may hear about earthquakes,but do you know what to do before,during and after an earthquake? Here is some advice for you： Before an earthquake  It’s necessary to prepare yourself and your family. All family members should know how to turn off gas,water and electricity(电) and know useful telephone numbers（doctor,hospital,police,119,etc.）. Never put heavy things over beds. During an earthquake  It’s important for each of you to stay calm（冷静）. If you are indoors,quickly move to a safe place in the room such as under a strong desk or a strong table. The purpose is to protect yourself from falling objects. Stay away from windows,large mirrors,heavy furniture and so on. If you are cooking,turn off the gas. If you are outdoors,move to an open area like a playground. Move away from buildings,bridges and trees. If you are driving,stop the car as soon as possible,staying away from bridges and tall buildings. Stay in your car. After an earthquake  Once the shaking has stopped,DO NOT run out of the building at once. It’s better to wait and leave when it is safe. Check around you and help the people who are in trouble. If your building is badly broken you should leave it. If you smell or hear a gas,get everyone outside and open windows and doors. If you can do it safely,turn off the gas. Report it to the gas company. 1. Before an earthquake, you shouldn’t ________. A．sleep in your bed at night B．remember some useful telephone numbers C．know how to turn off gas, water and electricity D．put heavy things over beds 2. The underlined word “purpose” in Paragraph 3 most probably means ________. A．why you do this B．when you do this C．how to protect yourself D．where to find a safer place 3. When the earth stops shaking, you should ________. A．check around you first B．run out of the building at once C．break the windows and doors D．write a report to your company 4. You can learn ________ after reading the passage. A．how an earthquake happens B．what to do to prevent an earthquake C．what an earthquake is like D．how to protect yourself in an earthquake 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. A 4. D 【导语】本文主要讲在地震前，地震中和地震后需要做的事情。 1. 细节理解题。根据“Never put heavy things over beds.”可知床头不要放重物。故选D。 2. 词义猜测题。根据“If you are indoors,quickly move to a safe place in the room such as under a strong desk or a strong table.”及“The purpose is to protect yourself from falling objects. Stay away from windows, large mirrors, heavy furniture and so on. If you are cooking, turn off the gas.”可知在结实的桌子下躲着是为了保护自己免受重物的伤害。故“purpose”表示“目的”。即为什么要这样做。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据“It’s better to wait and leave when it is safe. Check around you and help the people who are in trouble.”可知此处指地震之后先看下周围是否安全。故选A。 4. 主旨大意题。本文主要讲发生地震了如何保护自己。故选D。 Passage 7 Nature’s warnings When the sky suddenly turns dark and the wind is strong, watch out! A dangerous storm might be coming. Storms are frightening. Watch for flashes of lightning. Listen for thunder. If nature sends these warnings, don’t wait for rain. Act right away to keep safe. Safety Step At the first flash of lightning, quickly get inside a building or a car. Do not go into a shed (棚屋) for protection. It is not closed like a building, so it is not safe. Even after you are indoors, be careful. It is not smart to go near doors and windows. They can blow in or break. A room with no windows is the safest place to be. Do not wash your hands during a storm. Do not use anything that runs on electricity, either. Water and electrical lines are like roads for lightning. Even if you really want to play computer games, don’t! It is better to be bored than to get hurt. Try reading a book instead. Reading is more fun than playing computer during a storm. If you can’t get to somewhere safe, stay out in the open. You may feel safe under a tree, but that is not 2 good place to be. Lightning is pulling toward tall poles and trees. Stay down in an open space and cover your ears to protect them. Loud thunder can hurt your hearing. Lightning Strikes Lightning does not strike people very often. You might often see that happen. If you do, call 120. Only trained emergency workers should care for a person who has been hit by lightning. If you follow these rules, you will stay safe during a storm. 1. From Paragraph 1,we learn that _________. A．storms are frightening and dangerous B．storms often come without warnings C．people should wait and watch lightning D．people should take action after the storm 2. What is the safest place for us to stay? a. A room with many windows when we’re indoors. b. Under a big tree when we’re in the open. c. The school playground. d. A room with no windows. A．ab. B．bc. C．bd. D．cd. 3. Which of the statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．It’s safe to stay indoors to play computer games during a storm. B．Reading books is more dangerous than using electrical things in a storm. C．We should not wash our hands when a storm comes. D．If a person is hit by lightning, you should move him or her to a safe place right away. 4. Where can we read this passage? A．In a story magazine. B．In a travelling magazine. C．In a science magazine. D．In a sports magazine. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. C 【导语】本文主要介绍如何在暴风雨中保证自己的安全。 1. 细节理解题。根据“A dangerous storm might be coming. Storms are frightening.”可知，暴风雨很危险也很可怕，故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据“A room with no windows is the safest place to be.”和“Stay down in an open space and cover your ears to protect them.”可知，在没有窗户的房间和开阔的户外是安全的，选项c和d正确，故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据“Do not wash your hands during a storm.”可知，暴风雨期间不要洗手，故选C。 4. 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了如何在暴风雨中保护自己，可推断文章出自科学杂志，故选C。 Passage 8 It was a terrible day for Mr and Mrs Lin. The two were on holiday in a mountain. They were taking a walk in the early afternoon when suddenly the ground started to shake (摇动). In just two minutes, everything was different! They were in the middle of a very strong earthquake (地震). The Lins tried to find some other people first. One by one, they found 23 other people. Many were tourists, young and old. Soon it was dark and it started to rain heavily. Some cried and some lost hope. At that time, Mr Lin decided to do something. He said, “The roads are too dangerous. We can’t go down the mountain until tomorrow. We must stay here tonight.” Then Mr Lin and a few young men went back to look for food. They found some, but not enough for everyone. The young people gave theirs to the older ones. After that, Mr Lin divided (分开) the people into five groups. He also brought all the mobile phones and gave each group one. They used them as flashlights (手电筒). The light on the dark rainy night made everyone feel safe. Early the next morning, the groups started to go down the mountain. It was difficult, ________. After twelve hours’ walking, they got out in the end. By then, it was 30 hours after the earthquake. Everyone was tired but they felt lucky because they were part of a special team. This special team gave them hope for life. 1. What happened when the Lins were taking a walk? A．It started to rain heavily. B．There was an earthquake. C．The weather got really cold. D．They found someone crying. 2. What does the underlined word “theirs” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Their flashlights. B．Their food. C．Their mobile phones. D．Their clothes. 3. Which of the following is the right order? ① The Lins found another 23 people. ② Mr Lin divided the people into five groups. ③ Mr Lin looked for food with the young people. ④ Mr Lin asked others to go down the mountain the next day. A．①④②③ B．①④③② C．③①②④ D．③②①④ 4. Which of the following can we put in “________” in Paragraph 5? A．so the group members cried and gave up B．but the group members talked and laughed loudly C．but the group members helped and took care of each other D．so the group members stopped walking and sat on the road 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. B 4. C 【导语】本文讲述林氏夫妇在山区度假时遭遇强震，组织23名游客在雨夜中互助求生，次日艰难下山脱险，团队精神给予希望。 1. 细节理解题。根据“They were taking a walk… when suddenly the ground started to shake… they were in the middle of a very strong earthquake”可知，散步时突发地震，故选B。 2. 词句猜测题 根据“Then Mr Lin and a few young men went back to look for food. They found some, but not enough… The young people gave theirs to the older ones”可知，“theirs”指代前文他们找到的“食物”，故选B。 3. 推理判断题。原文顺序：①地震后找到23人（第2段）→④决定次日下山（第3段）→③与年轻人找食物（第3段）→②分组并分发手机（第4段），故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据“Everyone was tired but they felt lucky… a special team”可知，尽管困难，但团队互助，故选C。 Passage 9 No matter where you live, you may hear about the natural disasters. They bring many serious problems to people in disaster areas. They become ill, homeless and some of them even die in the disasters. Japan is located in East Asia, but it is an island in the North Pacific Ocean. Japan has more than 1,000 islands, but there are four main islands. Lots of rains fall in Japan at a lot of times of a year, especially in summer. There is a rainy season in early summer, and typhoons hit parts of the country every year during late summer. The heavy rains usually destroy the crops and plants. What’s worse, the rains usually cause huge floods. Floods in Japan can take away many things, including many people’s lives. A Japanese housing developer recently invented a “flood-resistant house”. It can not only keep water out of the house during floods but also float off (漂浮) the ground. Because of floods, the loss of housing is a difficult problem all over the world. While engineers are trying to find solutions, few ways are useful. Now, the Japanese housing developer tells the public that he came up with an answer the other day. It can keep people’s homes from getting flooded. Their new “flood-resistant house” was recently on a popular Japanese TV show and received much attention online. According to engineers, most houses will be in the flood when water reaches the windows, but their “flood-resistant house” can float up to five metres above the ground, so water will not reach the windows, and everything else is shut in the house safely. 1. What is the main idea of Para.1? A．Natural disasters bring people much trouble. B．Natural disasters may happen everywhere. C．Natural disasters always make people ill. D．Natural disasters can be heard every day. 2. Which of the following is TRUE? A．Typhoons hit parts of Japan in early summer. B．The floods mainly happen in Japan in autumn. C．Japan is an island in the East Pacific Ocean. D．Heavy rains cause floods in Japan in summer. 3. Why did a Japanese housing developer invent a “flood-resistant house”? A．To protect people from earthquakes. B．To reduce the loss of housing in floods. C．To keep people away from the ocean. D．To protect people from typhoons. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A．The “flood-resistant house” can fly high up into the sky. B．The “flood-resistant house” is popular all around the world. C．Japanese people might build more “flood-resistant houses”. D．Japanese engineers are living in the “flood-resistant house”. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了日本由于地理位置和气候原因，经常遭受暴雨和洪水的侵袭，以及由此带来的问题。同时，文章还提到了一位日本房屋开发商发明的“抗洪房屋”，并对其特点和功能进行了说明。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“They bring many serious problems to people in disaster areas. They become ill, homeless and some of them even die in the disasters.”可知，自然灾害给灾区的人们带来了许多严重的问题，如生病、无家可归等。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Lots of rains fall in Japan at a lot of times of a year, especially in summer.”和第三段“the rains usually cause huge floods.”可知，夏季，大量的雨水会导致洪水。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据“water will not reach the windows, and everything else is shut in the house safely.”可知，这种房子是为减少洪水带来的住房损失而发明的。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据“but their “flood-resistant house” can float up to five metres above the ground, so water will not reach the windows, and everything else is shut in the house safely.”以及文中提到的日本存在的洪水问题，可推测日本人民可能会建造更多“抗洪房屋”。故选C。 Passage 10 A tornado is a tower of spinning air. Tornadoes can be very dangerous. The cause of tornadoes is not fully known. They form during thunderstorms. Inside the stormy clouds, warm air rises and cool air falls. The warm and cool air can begin to spin. This spinning air can push out of the storm clouds as a funnel. When the funnel of spinning air touches the ground, it becomes a tornado. There are three levels of tornadoes. Weak tornadoes have wind speeds that are below 160km/h. They last for less than ten minutes. They cause small damage like fallen tree branches. Strong tornadoes have wind speeds that are between 177km/h and 330km/h and can last about twenty minutes. These tornadoes can cause quite a bit of damage and can push cars and trains over. The most dangerous tornadoes are called violent tornadoes. They can last for longer than an hour and have wind speeds that are higher than 330km/h. These deadly tornadoes can lift houses and cars into the air. Tornadoes and cyclones are very different. Tornadoes form on land and cyclones form on the ocean. Tornadoes can be a few kilometres wide. The biggest cyclones can be hundreds of kilometres across. Some people set up a safe room in a basement. They get a radio, water, sleeping bags and extra food. They also keep their house and garden clean by getting rid of dead trees or weak fences. If a tornado alert is given, get your saferoom ready. Do not go outside or near windows. Hide under a large bed or table. Get out of your trailer or car. If you are outside, find flat ground. Lie down and protect your neck and head with your arms. Once the tornado is over, turn on the radio. Avoid any damaged areas and do not go near any fallen power lines. 1. What can we learn about tornadoes? A．Tornadoes usually happen on sunny and windy days. B．Tornadoes happen when the storm clouds touch the ground. C．Tornadoes can be hundreds of kilometres across the land. D．Tornadoes can take houses and cars into the air sometimes. 2. The following sentence can best be put at the beginning of _________. There are many different ways to prepare for a tornado. A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4 3. The meaning of the underlined phrase “getting rid of” might be ________. A．throwing B．keeping C．counting D．recording 4. What’s the purpose of the article? A．To introduce tornadoes to us. B．To show us the danger of tornadoes. C．To tell the differences of natural disasters. D．To give us some tips to protect ourselves. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. A 4. A 【导语】本文介绍了龙卷风的形成、等级分类及应对措施。 1. 细节理解题。根据“These deadly tornadoes can lift houses and cars into the air.”可知，龙卷风有时可以把房屋和汽车卷到空中。故选D。 2. 推理判断题。根据“If a tornado alert is given, get your saferoom ready. Do not go outside or near windows. Hide under a large bed or table. Get out of your trailer or car. If you are outside, ...”可知，第四段是关于龙卷风来临前应做的一些准备，D选项“应对龙卷风有很多不同的方法。”可以被放在第四段开头。故选D。 3. 词句猜测题。根据“They also keep their house and garden clean by getting rid of dead trees or weak fences.”可知，通过清除枯树或脆弱的栅栏来保持房屋和花园的清洁，“getting rid of”表示“扔掉”，与throwing同义。故选A。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章首先介绍了龙卷风的形成、等级，接着对比了龙卷风和旋风的不同，最后提到了应对龙卷风的准备措施，整体是在向我们介绍龙卷风相关知识。故选A。 Passage 11 Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, rainstorms and strong winds, usually make a big difference to human life. They not only cause property (财产) loss but also take away people’s lives. Strong winds can be very terrible. On March 31st, 2024, strong winds hit Nanchang, Jiangxi province. The strong winds broke the windows into pieces and blew off three people sleeping at home, causing their deaths. What’s worse, more than 1,600 trees were blown down overnight. This deadly disaster was mainly caused by funnelling (狭管效应). When the earthquake happens, the ground and buildings will shake terribly. In serious situations, buildings may even fall down and will bury people in the ground. Recently, in Taiwan, the most powerful earthquake in a quarter century rocked the island on April 3rd. At least nine people were killed and hundreds of people were hurt. Another example is rainstorms. They can flood many places. Dubai lies on the coast of the Persian Gulf and in the northeast of the U. A．E. with a long and beautiful coastline. It doesn’t rain a lot. But on April 16th, a big rainstorm hit Dubai. It rained so much in just 12 hours that it was like a year’s worth of rain. The heavy rain flooded roads, shopping malls, and even airports, causing a lot of damage (破坏). To better deal with natural disasters, we need to make our disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief coordination system (防灾救灾机制) better. Also, people should learn ways to protect themselves when facing natural disasters. But most importantly, we should realize that we are not the master of nature, we need to care about it and respect (尊重) it. 1. How many pieces of news about natural disasters are mentioned? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 2. What kind of damage can an earthquake probably cause? A．It can blow down a lot of trees overnight. B．It can make buildings fall and kill people. C．It can flood many places like roads and airports. D．It can make plants die because of too little water. 3. How does the writer develop Paragraph 2? Mini-dictionary Facts are true statements. They include names, dates, events and numbers. Opinions tell what we believe, feel or think. They may not be true. A．Fact—Opinion—Way B．Fact—Way—Opinion C．Opinion—Fact—Reason D．Opinion—Reason—Fact 4. What might be talked about in the following paragraph? A．Why natural disasters can take away people’s lives. B．How we can respect nature and live better with it. C．Where we can learn about different natural disasters. D．Which kind of natural disasters is the most dangerous. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B 【导语】本文主要介绍了强风、地震、暴风雨等自然灾害的危害，以及人类应该如何应对它们。 1. 细节理解题。根据“Strong winds...”、“When the earthquake happens...”和“Another example is rainstorms.”可知，文章一共提到了三种自然灾害的新闻。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据“When the earthquake happens, the ground and buildings will shake terribly. In serious situations, buildings may even fall down and will bury people in the ground.”可知，地震会造成房屋的倒塌和人员的伤亡。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据“Strong winds can be very terrible. On March 31st, 2024, strong winds hit Nanchang, Jiangxi province. The strong winds broke the windows into pieces and blew off three people sleeping at home, causing their deaths. What’s worse, more than 1,600 trees were blown down overnight. This deadly disaster was mainly caused by funnelling.”可知，本段第一句表述了作者认为“强风非常糟糕”的观点，接下来讲述了江西南昌遭受强风自然灾害的事实，最后说明了此次灾害发生的原因。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据“But most importantly, we should realize that we are not the master of nature, we need to care about it and respect it.”可知，文章结尾告诉大家要关心和尊重大自然，所以推测接下来会讲述尊重大自然的方法，选项B“我们如何尊重大自然，更好地与之相处”符合。故选B。 Passage 12 When you cough or sneeze, you’d better turn your head away from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your hand. And then, you should say, “Excuse me.” This seems so simple, but it is surprising how many kids have never been told to do this. Actually, I notice adults all the time who cough and sneeze in public without placing a hand over the mouth. One important thing I point out to the kids is that after they sneeze or cough on their hands, they should wash their hands as soon as possible. If not, they will be passing those germs (细菌) along to everything and everyone they touch. If you come to a door and someone is following you, hold the door. If the door opens by pulling, pull it open, stand to the side, and allow the other person to pass through first, then you can walk through. If the door opens by pushing, hold the door after you pass through. After a few weeks of seeing kids try to get through doors in the school and watching them enter restaurants as the door hit other people, I knew I had to discuss the problem with my students. Teaching them small acts of kindness, such as letting someone else go through a door first as they hold it open, may seem unimportant, but it can go a long way toward helping students realize how to be polite and think of others. Once they’ve been told, they’re halfway there. When we have to go up moving stairs, we will stand to the right. That will give others who are in a hurry a choice of walking up the left-hand side of the moving stairs. When we are going to enter a lift, the underground, or a doorway, we will wait for others to exit before we enter. After college when I moved to London, I was surprised at how polite everyone was in the subways. I was even more touched when I traveled to Japan. In both places, people made effort to make way for others. On moving stairs, everyone stood to the right and walked to the left. On lifts, everyone would stand over to the side and allow others to exit before they would begin to enter. 1. When you cough or sneeze, you should ________. A．touch everything B．cover your mouth C．point out to the kids D．pass the germs to others 2. If you come to a door and someone is following you, you’d better ________. A．hold the door B．pass through C．close the door D．stand to the side 3. Why should we stand to the right of moving stairs? A．Because it’s dangerous to stand to the left. B．Because it’s a traffic rule which we must follow. C．Because we must wait for others to move first. D．Because we should make way for people in a hurry. 4. From the passage we can know the writer is a _________. A．doctor B．traveler C．parent D．teacher 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. D 【导语】本文主要讲了一些公共行为准则，同时谈论了国外在这些方面的行为准则。 1. 细节理解题。根据“When you cough or sneeze, you’d better turn your head away from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your hand. And then, you should say, ‘Excuse me.’”可知，当你咳嗽或打喷嚏时，你最好把头转开，用手的整个部分捂住嘴。然后，你应该说：“对不起。”故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据“If you come to a door and someone is following you, hold the door.”可知，如果你走到一扇门前，有人跟着你，你最好扶住门。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据“When we have to go up moving stairs, we will stand to the right. That will give others who are in a hurry a choice of walking up the left-hand side of the moving stairs.”可知，因为能让那些赶时间的人有选择走楼梯左侧通道的机会，故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据“I knew I had to discuss the problem with my students.”可知，我必须和我的学生讨论这个问题，因此推断作者是一位老师，故选D。 Passage 13 From May to November, six beach houses have fallen down in North Carolina’s Outer Banks—a troubling sign of how erosion (侵蚀) continues to put a toll on the state’s coastal villages. The most recent collapse (倒塌) happened between last Thursday and Friday after a storm caused powerful waves along Rodanthe. The house was empty, and officials have been in contact with the house owner. Less than a mile away, three other homes had fallen down in September. Since 2020, a total of 11 houses in the area have been washed away into the ocean. Cape Hatteras National Seashore said strong winds, large waves, as well as rising sea levels—which are caused by climate change—are causing beaches on the Outer Banks to wash away. “Many buildings close to the beach in Rodanthe are either partially or fully covered with ocean water on a regular basis,” the Seashore said. It’s a problem faced by coastal communities around the country. In North Carolina, over 750 homes along the state’s beaches are considered in danger from erosion, according to an August report released by the state’s Department of Environmental Quality and Cape Hatteras National Seashore. Erosion in these coastal villages affects tourism and destroys sea turtles’ home, and when homes fall down, it leaves ruins (废墟). The situation is expected to worsen as a result of rising sea levels and more coastal storms. National Seashore officials have warned owners of unsafe houses to either strengthen their home’s supports or move to a safer location if possible. 1. What does the underlined phrase “put a toll on” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Cause damage to. B．Give way to. C．Bring more people to. D．Make more contributions to. 2. What might put the beach houses in danger? A．The daily effects of winds and waves. B．The loss of wildlife’s home. C．The ruins of houses left on beaches. D．The weak structure of the houses. 3. What can we know about the most recent collapse? A．Six houses were washed away. B．It happened because a storm hit. C．It resulted in many people missing. D．Police failed to contact the house owner. 4. What should be done according to the local officials? A．Take measures to control rising sea levels. B．Solve the problem by protecting the ecosystem. C．Reduce the effect on tourism by clearing the ruins. D．Strengthen the house structure or move to new places. 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文主要报道了美国北卡罗来纳州外滩群岛因海岸侵蚀导致海边房屋接连倒塌的现象，并分析了其背后的自然与人为因素。 1. 词句猜测题。根据第一段“six beach houses have fallen down...erosion (侵蚀) continues to put a toll on the state’s coastal villages”及全文描述的房屋倒塌、侵蚀危害可知，侵蚀对沿海村庄造成了破坏。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“strong winds, large waves, as well as rising sea levels...are causing beaches...to wash away”可知，持续的风浪和海平面上升使海滩被侵蚀，直接威胁海边房屋。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The most recent collapse (倒塌) happened...after a storm caused powerful waves”可知，最近一次房屋倒塌是由风暴引发的。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“National Seashore officials have warned owners of unsafe houses to either strengthen their home’s supports or move to a safer location if possible.”可知，当地官员建议加固房屋或搬迁。故选D。 Passage 14 COVID-19 is still spreading around the planet. This year’s Earth Day focuses on climate (气候) change. Scientists agree that climate change is causing harm to the world in the form of bad weather and natural disasters. Will climate change lead to more disease outbreaks in the future? The answer is a possible “yes”. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), studies have shown that a warming Earth is causing more infectious (传染性的) diseases. Malaria (疟疾), a serious and sometimes deadly disease, is mainly spread by mosquitoes (蚊子). Climate change results in more heat waves and floods, which provide perfect conditions for mosquitoes to breed (繁殖). In India, for example, the warmer climate has increased the risk by about five times. Studies also suggest that global increases in temperature will drive disease—carrying insects from the equator (赤道) to the north. This means some diseases like malaria or dengue fever (登革热) may move into new areas, such as Europe. Deforestation (滥伐森林), a major cause of climate change, has something to do with infectious diseases, according to Nature. In places such as Central and West Africa, there have been serious deforestation and losses of living areas for bats (蝙蝠). These bats have started living closer to humans, which increases the possibility of Ebola (埃博拉) outbreaks. As ice keeps melting (融化) into water, diseases that lie under the ice may also come back. In 2016, a city in northern Russia saw an outbreak of anthrax (炭疽) during a heat wave. Scientists believe the virus came out from the frozen soil because of rising temperatures. About 90 people were infected, the New York Times reported. What can we do to “cool” Earth? Governments can Put a tax (税) or fee on carbon emissions. Advise using clean energy, such as wind and sun energy. Make policies and laws to protect the environment. You can Turn off electronic devices, such as computers and TVs when you aren’t using them. Take a walk, ride a bike or take public transportation as much as you can. Buy products that are energy-efficient. 1. What kind of harm may be caused by climate change? A．Deforestation. B．Energy shortage. C．Transportation cost. D．Bad weather and natural disasters. 2. What does the underline word “This” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．The rising temperatures help mosquitoes to breed. B．Serious diseases can only stay alive in northern areas. C．Insects help spread some serious diseases to the north. D．High temperatures make a difference to the looks of insects. 3. What is TRUE according to the passage? A．An outbreak of anthrax resulted from the frozen soil. B．The climate change does little harm to the people’s health. C．Bats act as a way for diseases to spread because of the deforestation. D．This year’s Earth Day advises people to stop the spread of the diseases. 4. The purpose of this article is to________. A．explain the possible diseases under the warmer climate B．introduce how to save energy and protect the environment C．express the writer’s ideas about what leads to the climate change D．warn people of diseases the warmer climate brings and offer some advice 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了气候变化引起的自然灾害和疾病对人类的影响，作者为应对气候变化提出了建议。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists agree that climate change is causing harm to the world in the form of bad weather and natural disasters.”可知，气候变化会造成恶劣天气及自然灾害。故选D。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Studies also suggest that global increases in temperature will drive disease—carrying insects from the equator (赤道) to the north. This means some diseases like malaria or dengue fever (登革热) may move into new areas, such as Europe.”可知，全球气温的升高将把携带疾病的昆虫从赤道带到北方。这意味着一些疾病，如疟疾或登革热，可能会转移到欧洲等新的地区。划线部分This指代“昆虫帮助将一些严重的疾病传播到北方”。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Deforestation (滥伐森林), a major cause of climate change…These bats have started living closer to humans, which increases the possibility of Ebola (埃博拉) outbreaks.”可知，由于砍伐森林，蝙蝠的栖息地减少，它们会越来越接近人类，成为疾病传播的途径。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了由于气候变化引起的各种自然疾病，并提出建议应对气候变化。故选D。 Passage 15 Camping has become a popular activity for teenagers during holidays. It allows them to enjoy nature, make friends, and experience outdoor life. However, camping without following safety rules can lead to serious dangers. Learning basic camping safety is essential for every teen who wants to go camping. First, choosing a safe campsite is important. Avoid places near rivers with fast-flowing water—heavy rain could cause floods. Also, stay away from dead trees, as they might fall down in strong winds. A flat and open area with no sharp rocks is the best choice for setting up a tent. Second, preparing the right equipment is necessary. Bring a waterproof tent to keep out rain, and a warm sleeping bag even if the weather seems hot—temperatures can drop a lot at night. Don’t forget a first-aid kit with bandages, antiseptic (消毒液), and painkillers for small injuries like cuts or insect bites. Also, carry enough clean water and non-perishable food (不易变质的食物) like canned meat and dried fruits. Third, knowing how to deal with emergencies matters. If you get lost, stay in one place and use a whistle to signal for help—three short blows are a standard distress signal (求救信号). Never try to pick wild fruits or mushrooms, as some may be poisonous. In case of a fire, use water or sand to put it out, and never leave the fire unattended. Following these safety rules can help teenagers have a fun and safe camping trip. Remember, safety should always come first when enjoying outdoor activities. 1. What is the main idea of the passage? A．Why camping is popular among teenagers. B．How to choose a good campsite for camping. C．The importance of learning camping safety rules for teenagers. D．What equipment teenagers need to bring for camping. 2. Why should teenagers avoid setting up tents near dead trees? A．Because there might be many insects there. B．Because dead trees could fall down in strong winds. C．Because the ground near dead trees is usually uneven. D．Because it’s hard to find clean water near dead trees. 3. What should teenagers do if they get lost while camping? A．Walk around to look for their friends. B．Pick wild fruits to eat. C．Stay in one place and use a whistle to signal for help. D．Set up a new tent in a flat area. 4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as part of the first-aid kit? A．Bandages. B．Antiseptic. C．Painkillers. D．Waterproof tape. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出露营是青少年假期热门活动，但不遵守安全规则会有危险，进而从选择安全营地、准备合适装备、掌握应急处理方法三个方面介绍了青少年露营需注意的安全规则，强调学习露营安全知识对青少年的重要性。 1. 细节理解题。根据“Camping has become a popular activity for teenagers during holidays... However, camping without following safety rules can lead to serious dangers. Learning basic camping safety is essential for every teen who wants to go camping.”以及后文对露营安全规则的介绍可知，文章主要讲述的是学习露营安全规则对青少年的重要性，故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据“Also, stay away from dead trees, as they might fall down in strong winds.”可知，青少年应避免在枯树附近搭帐篷，是因为枯树可能在大风中倒下，故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据“If you get lost, stay in one place and use a whistle to signal for help—three short blows are a standard distress signal (求救信号).”可知，青少年露营时如果迷路，应待在原地并用哨子发出求救信号，故选C。 4. 细节理解题。根据“Don’t forget a first-aid kit with bandages, antiseptic (消毒液), and painkillers for small injuries like cuts or insect bites.”可知，急救包中包含绷带、消毒液和止痛药，防水胶带（Waterproof tape）未被提及，故选D。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元话题·梯度训练 专题J883阅读理解 单元话题中心 题型特训 Unit 8 Safe and sound 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 内 容 提 要 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 – 10 二、 进阶提升 Passage 11 -15 Passage 1 Hidden (隐藏的) dangers in your house Bedroom: There are some small hidden dangers in your bedroom, such as a humidifier (加湿器) or an electric blanket (电热毯) that’s on. They could all hurt you, so remember to ________ when you go out. Washing Room: Clean up the dryer (烘干机) to stop it from catching fire. Storeroom (储藏室)：Putting useless (无用的) things together may have the chance of catching fire, so you’d better clear them away. Plumbing (水暖管道)：Check the plumbing more often because broken plumbing is dangerous. It can cut the power and make your rooms wet. Please repair it when it’s going to break. Doors and windows: Close the doors and windows before going out because the bad weather may make your rooms wet or even broken. 1. Which of the following can be put in ________? A．turn them off B．clean them up C．throw them away D．take them out 2. Why do people need to clean up the dryer according to the passage? A．To make the room dry quickly. B．To stop fire from happening. C．To use it for a longer time. D．To use it easily next time. 3. Please match the following problems with advice. a. fires in the storeroom. b. Rooms will be wet. c. Broken plumbing. ①Close the doors and windows before going out. ②Clear useless things away. ③Check the plumbing more often. A．a-②;b-①;c-③ B．a-③;b-①; c.-② C．a-②;b-③;c-① D．a-③;b-②; c-① 4. The passage is mainly about ________. A．some ways of stopping fire B．some ways of cleaning rooms C．some ways of finding workers D．some examples of dangers in a house Passage 2 12th September is a special date. Medical workers wish people to know the importance of first aid. And they’d like to teach training courses on basic first aid.What Is First Aid? It is the first medical care to someone who is ill or gets hurt before help arrives. First aid plays a main part because it can save lives if they get help correctly and in time. It includes (包括) keeping them safe and staying calm. It also includes getting help, either by telling other people or calling 120.Why Is First Aid Important? Doctors say that the first minutes after an accident can make the difference between life and death (死亡). This is why people need to learn first aid.How To Stop Common First Aid Mistakes People should know how to help someone in need correctly and they shouldn’t make first aid mistakes either. Or they may hurt the person even more. 1. Don’t rub (揉) eyes when something falls in the eyes. If you feel that something falls inside your eyes, don’t rub your eyes with your hands. This can hurt your eyes if it is sharp (尖锐的). You can blink (眨) eyes to allow the tears (眼泪) to come and wash away the thing inside. 2. Don’t use ice on the burned (烫伤的) area. Don’t use ice. You should cool the burned area at once with cold running water for over 10 minutes. Then, shout for help or go to the hospital so that they can cover your hands with a clean cloth (布) later. 1. The writer starts the passage by ________. A．introducing a day B．comparing two ideas C．giving an example D．telling his own experience 2. From the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3, we can learn that ________. A．people need to learn first aid in ten minutes to save others B．accidents often happen in a short time and make people die C．it’s important to learn first aid and it may save people in time D．ten minutes is long enough to make people die after accidents 3. Which picture shows how to deal with the burned area first? A． B． C． D． 4. What’s the best title for the passage? A．Common First Aid mistakes B．The importance of First Aid C．First Aid, an important way to save lives D．First Aid training, useful courses in need Passage 3 Staying Safe in Emergencies Last month, our city experienced a minor earthquake. Many people were cooking dinner or watching TV when the ground started shaking. This emergency situation caused great fear, but knowing how to react kept everyone safe. Here are key safety rules for natural disasters: First, calm down immediately. Panic often leads to accidents. During the earthquake, Mrs. Li was climbing downstairs when she slipped. If she had stayed still under a table, she could have avoided injury. Experts warn us: “Drop, Cover, and Hold On” during quakes. Second, know your escape routes. Schools hold drills so students remember exits. If a fire starts, never use elevators—but always use stairs. When thick smoke appears, crawl low to breathe cleaner air. Third, prepare an emergency kit with water, food, and a flashlight. Last winter, a snowstorm cut power for hours. Families with kits stayed warm while others struggled. Remember: Staying alert and prepared saves lives.阅读单选 1. What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To describe earthquake damage. B．To explain how earthquakes happen. C．To teach emergency safety rules. D．To share a personal accident story. 2. What were people doing when the earthquake started? A．Preparing emergency kits. B．Holding safety drills. C．Cooking or watching TV. D．Crawling on the ground. 3. What should you avoid doing during an earthquake? A．Dropping under a table. B．Holding on to furniture. C．Climbing downstairs. D．Staying calm. 4. Why do schools hold safety drills? A．To cause fear among students. B．To prepare for power cuts. C．To help remember escape routes. D．To warn about bad weather. Passage 4 Do you like going into the forest? If you go into the forest with friends, you’d better stay with them. If you get lost, maybe the following will help you. Sit down and stay where you are. Don’t try to find your friends—let them find you by staying in one place. There is another way to help your friends or other people to find you. You can shout or whistle (吹哨) three times. Then shout or whistle three times again. Any signal (信号) given three times is a call for help. When people hear you, they will give you two shouts or two whistles. When a signal is given twice, it is an answer to a call for help. If you don’t think that you will get help before night comes, try to make a little house with branches (树枝). Make yourself a bed with leaves and grass. When you need some water, you have to leave your little branch house to look for it. Don’t just walk away. Break off small branches and drop them as you walk in order to go back again easily. 1. If you get lost in the forest, you should ________. A．try to find your friends as soon as possible B．stay in one place and give signals C．walk around the forest D．telephone your friends 2. When you hear two shouts or whistles, you know that ________. A．someone is afraid of an animal B．people will come to help you C．someone has nothing to do D．someone needs help 3. Why do you need to pick off small branches and drop them when looking for water? A．To make a path for others to follow. B．To make a bed with them. C．To build a little house with them. D．To help you find your way back easily. 4. The main idea of the passage is ________. A．how to travel in the forest B．how to spend the night in the forest C．what you should do if you are lost in the forest D．how to help others in the forest Passage 5 On the afternoon of November 26, 2025, a big fire started in an old apartment building in Hong Kong. The fire grew fast and covered 3 floors in 10 minutes. Over 1,200 firefighters came with more than 200 fire trucks to save people in time. This fire told everyone: home fire safety is very important. To stay away from such dangers, we must know common causes. Cooking tools are number-one cause. Never leave the kitchen when cooking, and fully turn off the tools after using them. What’s more, old electrical things can start fires, so check them often to make sure they are working well. Actually, smoking is another cause. Last but not least, keep the kids away from fire, and tell them about the dangers of the fire. How to keep safe from home fires? Try these easy tips: Get smoke alarms (警报) Put one smoke alarm in every room. It will ring early to remind you of the fire. Prepare a fire extinguisher (灭火器) Keep a fire extinguisher at home. It can put out small fires. Check it every 3 months to make sure it works well. Create an escape (逃生) plan A good plan should start with two escape ways from every room. Then know how your family can run, tell kids when and how to get out, and make a house map with all doors and windows. At last, choose a meeting place outside, and don’t forget to practice it often with every family member. Although these tips sound simple, they can save lives in a real fire. 1. How many firemen rushed to put out the fire in Hong Kong? A．Over 200. B．Almost 300. C．Around 5,000. D．More than 1,200. 2. The most common cause of the home fire is ________. A．cooking tools B．old electrical things C．smoking indoors D．not having smoke alarms 3. For a good escape plan, what should people do in step 3? A Home Fire Escape Plan ①Plan two ways out of every room. → ②Teach children how to get out when they hear a smoke alarm. →③→ ④Choose a meeting place away from the house. →⑤Practice your fire escape plan often with every family member. A．Talk with every family member. B．Teach family members how to call 119. C．Make a house map with all doors and windows. D．Think about special needs for older family members. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Plans for Escape from Fire B．Dangers at Home C．A Terrible Fire in Hong Kong D．Fire Safety at Home Passage 6 You may hear about earthquakes,but do you know what to do before,during and after an earthquake? Here is some advice for you： Before an earthquake  It’s necessary to prepare yourself and your family. All family members should know how to turn off gas,water and electricity(电) and know useful telephone numbers（doctor,hospital,police,119,etc.）. Never put heavy things over beds. During an earthquake  It’s important for each of you to stay calm（冷静）. If you are indoors,quickly move to a safe place in the room such as under a strong desk or a strong table. The purpose is to protect yourself from falling objects. Stay away from windows,large mirrors,heavy furniture and so on. If you are cooking,turn off the gas. If you are outdoors,move to an open area like a playground. Move away from buildings,bridges and trees. If you are driving,stop the car as soon as possible,staying away from bridges and tall buildings. Stay in your car. After an earthquake  Once the shaking has stopped,DO NOT run out of the building at once. It’s better to wait and leave when it is safe. Check around you and help the people who are in trouble. If your building is badly broken you should leave it. If you smell or hear a gas,get everyone outside and open windows and doors. If you can do it safely,turn off the gas. Report it to the gas company. 1. Before an earthquake, you shouldn’t ________. A．sleep in your bed at night B．remember some useful telephone numbers C．know how to turn off gas, water and electricity D．put heavy things over beds 2. The underlined word “purpose” in Paragraph 3 most probably means ________. A．why you do this B．when you do this C．how to protect yourself D．where to find a safer place 3. When the earth stops shaking, you should ________. A．check around you first B．run out of the building at once C．break the windows and doors D．write a report to your company 4. You can learn ________ after reading the passage. A．how an earthquake happens B．what to do to prevent an earthquake C．what an earthquake is like D．how to protect yourself in an earthquake Passage 7 Nature’s warnings When the sky suddenly turns dark and the wind is strong, watch out! A dangerous storm might be coming. Storms are frightening. Watch for flashes of lightning. Listen for thunder. If nature sends these warnings, don’t wait for rain. Act right away to keep safe. Safety Step At the first flash of lightning, quickly get inside a building or a car. Do not go into a shed (棚屋) for protection. It is not closed like a building, so it is not safe. Even after you are indoors, be careful. It is not smart to go near doors and windows. They can blow in or break. A room with no windows is the safest place to be. Do not wash your hands during a storm. Do not use anything that runs on electricity, either. Water and electrical lines are like roads for lightning. Even if you really want to play computer games, don’t! It is better to be bored than to get hurt. Try reading a book instead. Reading is more fun than playing computer during a storm. If you can’t get to somewhere safe, stay out in the open. You may feel safe under a tree, but that is not 2 good place to be. Lightning is pulling toward tall poles and trees. Stay down in an open space and cover your ears to protect them. Loud thunder can hurt your hearing. Lightning Strikes Lightning does not strike people very often. You might often see that happen. If you do, call 120. Only trained emergency workers should care for a person who has been hit by lightning. If you follow these rules, you will stay safe during a storm. 1. From Paragraph 1,we learn that _________. A．storms are frightening and dangerous B．storms often come without warnings C．people should wait and watch lightning D．people should take action after the storm 2. What is the safest place for us to stay? a. A room with many windows when we’re indoors. b. Under a big tree when we’re in the open. c. The school playground. d. A room with no windows. A．ab. B．bc. C．bd. D．cd. 3. Which of the statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．It’s safe to stay indoors to play computer games during a storm. B．Reading books is more dangerous than using electrical things in a storm. C．We should not wash our hands when a storm comes. D．If a person is hit by lightning, you should move him or her to a safe place right away. 4. Where can we read this passage? A．In a story magazine. B．In a travelling magazine. C．In a science magazine. D．In a sports magazine. Passage 8 It was a terrible day for Mr and Mrs Lin. The two were on holiday in a mountain. They were taking a walk in the early afternoon when suddenly the ground started to shake (摇动). In just two minutes, everything was different! They were in the middle of a very strong earthquake (地震). The Lins tried to find some other people first. One by one, they found 23 other people. Many were tourists, young and old. Soon it was dark and it started to rain heavily. Some cried and some lost hope. At that time, Mr Lin decided to do something. He said, “The roads are too dangerous. We can’t go down the mountain until tomorrow. We must stay here tonight.” Then Mr Lin and a few young men went back to look for food. They found some, but not enough for everyone. The young people gave theirs to the older ones. After that, Mr Lin divided (分开) the people into five groups. He also brought all the mobile phones and gave each group one. They used them as flashlights (手电筒). The light on the dark rainy night made everyone feel safe. Early the next morning, the groups started to go down the mountain. It was difficult, ________. After twelve hours’ walking, they got out in the end. By then, it was 30 hours after the earthquake. Everyone was tired but they felt lucky because they were part of a special team. This special team gave them hope for life. 1. What happened when the Lins were taking a walk? A．It started to rain heavily. B．There was an earthquake. C．The weather got really cold. D．They found someone crying. 2. What does the underlined word “theirs” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Their flashlights. B．Their food. C．Their mobile phones. D．Their clothes. 3. Which of the following is the right order? ① The Lins found another 23 people. ② Mr Lin divided the people into five groups. ③ Mr Lin looked for food with the young people. ④ Mr Lin asked others to go down the mountain the next day. A．①④②③ B．①④③② C．③①②④ D．③②①④ 4. Which of the following can we put in “________” in Paragraph 5? A．so the group members cried and gave up B．but the group members talked and laughed loudly C．but the group members helped and took care of each other D．so the group members stopped walking and sat on the road Passage 9 No matter where you live, you may hear about the natural disasters. They bring many serious problems to people in disaster areas. They become ill, homeless and some of them even die in the disasters. Japan is located in East Asia, but it is an island in the North Pacific Ocean. Japan has more than 1,000 islands, but there are four main islands. Lots of rains fall in Japan at a lot of times of a year, especially in summer. There is a rainy season in early summer, and typhoons hit parts of the country every year during late summer. The heavy rains usually destroy the crops and plants. What’s worse, the rains usually cause huge floods. Floods in Japan can take away many things, including many people’s lives. A Japanese housing developer recently invented a “flood-resistant house”. It can not only keep water out of the house during floods but also float off (漂浮) the ground. Because of floods, the loss of housing is a difficult problem all over the world. While engineers are trying to find solutions, few ways are useful. Now, the Japanese housing developer tells the public that he came up with an answer the other day. It can keep people’s homes from getting flooded. Their new “flood-resistant house” was recently on a popular Japanese TV show and received much attention online. According to engineers, most houses will be in the flood when water reaches the windows, but their “flood-resistant house” can float up to five metres above the ground, so water will not reach the windows, and everything else is shut in the house safely. 1. What is the main idea of Para.1? A．Natural disasters bring people much trouble. B．Natural disasters may happen everywhere. C．Natural disasters always make people ill. D．Natural disasters can be heard every day. 2. Which of the following is TRUE? A．Typhoons hit parts of Japan in early summer. B．The floods mainly happen in Japan in autumn. C．Japan is an island in the East Pacific Ocean. D．Heavy rains cause floods in Japan in summer. 3. Why did a Japanese housing developer invent a “flood-resistant house”? A．To protect people from earthquakes. B．To reduce the loss of housing in floods. C．To keep people away from the ocean. D．To protect people from typhoons. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A．The “flood-resistant house” can fly high up into the sky. B．The “flood-resistant house” is popular all around the world. C．Japanese people might build more “flood-resistant houses”. D．Japanese engineers are living in the “flood-resistant house”. Passage 10 A tornado is a tower of spinning air. Tornadoes can be very dangerous. The cause of tornadoes is not fully known. They form during thunderstorms. Inside the stormy clouds, warm air rises and cool air falls. The warm and cool air can begin to spin. This spinning air can push out of the storm clouds as a funnel. When the funnel of spinning air touches the ground, it becomes a tornado. There are three levels of tornadoes. Weak tornadoes have wind speeds that are below 160km/h. They last for less than ten minutes. They cause small damage like fallen tree branches. Strong tornadoes have wind speeds that are between 177km/h and 330km/h and can last about twenty minutes. These tornadoes can cause quite a bit of damage and can push cars and trains over. The most dangerous tornadoes are called violent tornadoes. They can last for longer than an hour and have wind speeds that are higher than 330km/h. These deadly tornadoes can lift houses and cars into the air. Tornadoes and cyclones are very different. Tornadoes form on land and cyclones form on the ocean. Tornadoes can be a few kilometres wide. The biggest cyclones can be hundreds of kilometres across. Some people set up a safe room in a basement. They get a radio, water, sleeping bags and extra food. They also keep their house and garden clean by getting rid of dead trees or weak fences. If a tornado alert is given, get your saferoom ready. Do not go outside or near windows. Hide under a large bed or table. Get out of your trailer or car. If you are outside, find flat ground. Lie down and protect your neck and head with your arms. Once the tornado is over, turn on the radio. Avoid any damaged areas and do not go near any fallen power lines. 1. What can we learn about tornadoes? A．Tornadoes usually happen on sunny and windy days. B．Tornadoes happen when the storm clouds touch the ground. C．Tornadoes can be hundreds of kilometres across the land. D．Tornadoes can take houses and cars into the air sometimes. 2. The following sentence can best be put at the beginning of _________. There are many different ways to prepare for a tornado. A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4 3. The meaning of the underlined phrase “getting rid of” might be ________. A．throwing B．keeping C．counting D．recording 4. What’s the purpose of the article? A．To introduce tornadoes to us. B．To show us the danger of tornadoes. C．To tell the differences of natural disasters. D．To give us some tips to protect ourselves. Passage 11 Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, rainstorms and strong winds, usually make a big difference to human life. They not only cause property (财产) loss but also take away people’s lives. Strong winds can be very terrible. On March 31st, 2024, strong winds hit Nanchang, Jiangxi province. The strong winds broke the windows into pieces and blew off three people sleeping at home, causing their deaths. What’s worse, more than 1,600 trees were blown down overnight. This deadly disaster was mainly caused by funnelling (狭管效应). When the earthquake happens, the ground and buildings will shake terribly. In serious situations, buildings may even fall down and will bury people in the ground. Recently, in Taiwan, the most powerful earthquake in a quarter century rocked the island on April 3rd. At least nine people were killed and hundreds of people were hurt. Another example is rainstorms. They can flood many places. Dubai lies on the coast of the Persian Gulf and in the northeast of the U. A．E. with a long and beautiful coastline. It doesn’t rain a lot. But on April 16th, a big rainstorm hit Dubai. It rained so much in just 12 hours that it was like a year’s worth of rain. The heavy rain flooded roads, shopping malls, and even airports, causing a lot of damage (破坏). To better deal with natural disasters, we need to make our disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief coordination system (防灾救灾机制) better. Also, people should learn ways to protect themselves when facing natural disasters. But most importantly, we should realize that we are not the master of nature, we need to care about it and respect (尊重) it. 1. How many pieces of news about natural disasters are mentioned? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 2. What kind of damage can an earthquake probably cause? A．It can blow down a lot of trees overnight. B．It can make buildings fall and kill people. C．It can flood many places like roads and airports. D．It can make plants die because of too little water. 3. How does the writer develop Paragraph 2? Mini-dictionary Facts are true statements. They include names, dates, events and numbers. Opinions tell what we believe, feel or think. They may not be true. A．Fact—Opinion—Way B．Fact—Way—Opinion C．Opinion—Fact—Reason D．Opinion—Reason—Fact 4. What might be talked about in the following paragraph? A．Why natural disasters can take away people’s lives. B．How we can respect nature and live better with it. C．Where we can learn about different natural disasters. D．Which kind of natural disasters is the most dangerous. Passage 12 When you cough or sneeze, you’d better turn your head away from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your hand. And then, you should say, “Excuse me.” This seems so simple, but it is surprising how many kids have never been told to do this. Actually, I notice adults all the time who cough and sneeze in public without placing a hand over the mouth. One important thing I point out to the kids is that after they sneeze or cough on their hands, they should wash their hands as soon as possible. If not, they will be passing those germs (细菌) along to everything and everyone they touch. If you come to a door and someone is following you, hold the door. If the door opens by pulling, pull it open, stand to the side, and allow the other person to pass through first, then you can walk through. If the door opens by pushing, hold the door after you pass through. After a few weeks of seeing kids try to get through doors in the school and watching them enter restaurants as the door hit other people, I knew I had to discuss the problem with my students. Teaching them small acts of kindness, such as letting someone else go through a door first as they hold it open, may seem unimportant, but it can go a long way toward helping students realize how to be polite and think of others. Once they’ve been told, they’re halfway there. When we have to go up moving stairs, we will stand to the right. That will give others who are in a hurry a choice of walking up the left-hand side of the moving stairs. When we are going to enter a lift, the underground, or a doorway, we will wait for others to exit before we enter. After college when I moved to London, I was surprised at how polite everyone was in the subways. I was even more touched when I traveled to Japan. In both places, people made effort to make way for others. On moving stairs, everyone stood to the right and walked to the left. On lifts, everyone would stand over to the side and allow others to exit before they would begin to enter. 1. When you cough or sneeze, you should ________. A．touch everything B．cover your mouth C．point out to the kids D．pass the germs to others 2. If you come to a door and someone is following you, you’d better ________. A．hold the door B．pass through C．close the door D．stand to the side 3. Why should we stand to the right of moving stairs? A．Because it’s dangerous to stand to the left. B．Because it’s a traffic rule which we must follow. C．Because we must wait for others to move first. D．Because we should make way for people in a hurry. 4. From the passage we can know the writer is a _________. A．doctor B．traveler C．parent D．teacher Passage 13 From May to November, six beach houses have fallen down in North Carolina’s Outer Banks—a troubling sign of how erosion (侵蚀) continues to put a toll on the state’s coastal villages. The most recent collapse (倒塌) happened between last Thursday and Friday after a storm caused powerful waves along Rodanthe. The house was empty, and officials have been in contact with the house owner. Less than a mile away, three other homes had fallen down in September. Since 2020, a total of 11 houses in the area have been washed away into the ocean. Cape Hatteras National Seashore said strong winds, large waves, as well as rising sea levels—which are caused by climate change—are causing beaches on the Outer Banks to wash away. “Many buildings close to the beach in Rodanthe are either partially or fully covered with ocean water on a regular basis,” the Seashore said. It’s a problem faced by coastal communities around the country. In North Carolina, over 750 homes along the state’s beaches are considered in danger from erosion, according to an August report released by the state’s Department of Environmental Quality and Cape Hatteras National Seashore. Erosion in these coastal villages affects tourism and destroys sea turtles’ home, and when homes fall down, it leaves ruins (废墟). The situation is expected to worsen as a result of rising sea levels and more coastal storms. National Seashore officials have warned owners of unsafe houses to either strengthen their home’s supports or move to a safer location if possible. 1. What does the underlined phrase “put a toll on” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Cause damage to. B．Give way to. C．Bring more people to. D．Make more contributions to. 2. What might put the beach houses in danger? A．The daily effects of winds and waves. B．The loss of wildlife’s home. C．The ruins of houses left on beaches. D．The weak structure of the houses. 3. What can we know about the most recent collapse? A．Six houses were washed away. B．It happened because a storm hit. C．It resulted in many people missing. D．Police failed to contact the house owner. 4. What should be done according to the local officials? A．Take measures to control rising sea levels. B．Solve the problem by protecting the ecosystem. C．Reduce the effect on tourism by clearing the ruins. D．Strengthen the house structure or move to new places. Passage 14 COVID-19 is still spreading around the planet. This year’s Earth Day focuses on climate (气候) change. Scientists agree that climate change is causing harm to the world in the form of bad weather and natural disasters. Will climate change lead to more disease outbreaks in the future? The answer is a possible “yes”. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), studies have shown that a warming Earth is causing more infectious (传染性的) diseases. Malaria (疟疾), a serious and sometimes deadly disease, is mainly spread by mosquitoes (蚊子). Climate change results in more heat waves and floods, which provide perfect conditions for mosquitoes to breed (繁殖). In India, for example, the warmer climate has increased the risk by about five times. Studies also suggest that global increases in temperature will drive disease—carrying insects from the equator (赤道) to the north. This means some diseases like malaria or dengue fever (登革热) may move into new areas, such as Europe. Deforestation (滥伐森林), a major cause of climate change, has something to do with infectious diseases, according to Nature. In places such as Central and West Africa, there have been serious deforestation and losses of living areas for bats (蝙蝠). These bats have started living closer to humans, which increases the possibility of Ebola (埃博拉) outbreaks. As ice keeps melting (融化) into water, diseases that lie under the ice may also come back. In 2016, a city in northern Russia saw an outbreak of anthrax (炭疽) during a heat wave. Scientists believe the virus came out from the frozen soil because of rising temperatures. About 90 people were infected, the New York Times reported. What can we do to “cool” Earth? Governments can Put a tax (税) or fee on carbon emissions. Advise using clean energy, such as wind and sun energy. Make policies and laws to protect the environment. You can Turn off electronic devices, such as computers and TVs when you aren’t using them. Take a walk, ride a bike or take public transportation as much as you can. Buy products that are energy-efficient. 1. What kind of harm may be caused by climate change? A．Deforestation. B．Energy shortage. C．Transportation cost. D．Bad weather and natural disasters. 2. What does the underline word “This” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．The rising temperatures help mosquitoes to breed. B．Serious diseases can only stay alive in northern areas. C．Insects help spread some serious diseases to the north. D．High temperatures make a difference to the looks of insects. 3. What is TRUE according to the passage? A．An outbreak of anthrax resulted from the frozen soil. B．The climate change does little harm to the people’s health. C．Bats act as a way for diseases to spread because of the deforestation. D．This year’s Earth Day advises people to stop the spread of the diseases. 4. The purpose of this article is to________. A．explain the possible diseases under the warmer climate B．introduce how to save energy and protect the environment C．express the writer’s ideas about what leads to the climate change D．warn people of diseases the warmer climate brings and offer some advice Passage 15 Camping has become a popular activity for teenagers during holidays. It allows them to enjoy nature, make friends, and experience outdoor life. However, camping without following safety rules can lead to serious dangers. Learning basic camping safety is essential for every teen who wants to go camping. First, choosing a safe campsite is important. Avoid places near rivers with fast-flowing water—heavy rain could cause floods. Also, stay away from dead trees, as they might fall down in strong winds. A flat and open area with no sharp rocks is the best choice for setting up a tent. Second, preparing the right equipment is necessary. Bring a waterproof tent to keep out rain, and a warm sleeping bag even if the weather seems hot—temperatures can drop a lot at night. Don’t forget a first-aid kit with bandages, antiseptic (消毒液), and painkillers for small injuries like cuts or insect bites. Also, carry enough clean water and non-perishable food (不易变质的食物) like canned meat and dried fruits. Third, knowing how to deal with emergencies matters. If you get lost, stay in one place and use a whistle to signal for help—three short blows are a standard distress signal (求救信号). Never try to pick wild fruits or mushrooms, as some may be poisonous. In case of a fire, use water or sand to put it out, and never leave the fire unattended. Following these safety rules can help teenagers have a fun and safe camping trip. Remember, safety should always come first when enjoying outdoor activities. 1. What is the main idea of the passage? A．Why camping is popular among teenagers. B．How to choose a good campsite for camping. C．The importance of learning camping safety rules for teenagers. D．What equipment teenagers need to bring for camping. 2. Why should teenagers avoid setting up tents near dead trees? A．Because there might be many insects there. B．Because dead trees could fall down in strong winds. C．Because the ground near dead trees is usually uneven. D．Because it’s hard to find clean water near dead trees. 3. What should teenagers do if they get lost while camping? A．Walk around to look for their friends. B．Pick wild fruits to eat. C．Stay in one place and use a whistle to signal for help. D．Set up a new tent in a flat area. 4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as part of the first-aid kit? A．Bandages. B．Antiseptic. C．Painkillers. D．Waterproof tape. 16 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $