专题04 动词考点、被动语态归纳-九年级英语人教版

专题04 动词考点、被动语态归纳 动词考点 考点1.succeed的用法 用法分析 succeed做动词，意为“实现目标；成功”。 常用结构：succeed in doing sth.成功地做某事。 He succeeded in solving the problem.他成功地解决了这个问题。 要点拓展 success n.成功（十后缀ful）→successful adj.成功的（十后缀ly）→successfully adv.成功地（用于修饰动词）。success n.成功（去ss）+ed→succeed v.成功。 She is a very successful mother.她是一位非常成功的母亲。 Her first success encouraged her to work even harder.她的首次成功鼓舞她更加努力工作。 He finished the work successfully.他成功地完成了这项工作。 Frederick ______ entered the final competition last month. His hobby has brought him ______. A. successful；success B. successful；successfully C. successfully；success D. successfully；successful 考点2. look up的用法 用法分析 look up意为“查找；查阅”。look up…in a dictionary意为“在词/字典中查找……”。查找的内容若为代词要放在lookup中间，是名词时放look up中间或后面都可以。 当你不懂一个单词时，可以查这本词典。When you do not understand a word, you can look it up in this dictionary. 我们可以在因特网上查找关于这个城市的一些信息。We can look up some information about this city on the Internet. 要点拓展 lookup还表示“抬头看；向上看”。 The baby bear looked up, and ran towards me.小熊抬起头，向我跑来。 -What’s the meaning of “One Belt One Road”？ —Let me ______ the words in the new dictionary. A. look at B. look for C. look after D. look up 考点3.increase的用法 用法分析 increase为动词，意为“增加，增长”，既可做及物动词，也可做不及物动词。 汽油的价格又上涨了。The price of petrol increased again. 要点辨析 increase by...increase to… increase by... 意为“增长了……”，by后常跟百分数或倍数，表示增幅。 The price of the houses increased by10%.房子的价格上涨了10%。 increase to... 意为“增长到……”，to后常接具体数字。 The population in this city will increase to1,000,000.这个城市的人口将增加到100万。 考点4.avoid的用法（高频考点） 用法分析 avoid为动词，意为“避免；回避”，其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式做宾语，但是不能接不定式做宾语。 avoid 1 avoid sb./sth.回避某人/某事 2 avoid doing sth.防止做某事；避免做某事 为了避免浪费资源，我们必须尽可能多地循环利用它们。In order to avoid wasting resources, we must recycle them as much as possible. 既然你们不能避免彼此见面，为什么不好好谈一谈呢？Since you can’t avoid seeing each other, why not have a good talk？ We should ______ making a noise in the library. A. avoid B. prefer C. practise D. enjoy 考点5. connect的用法 用法分析 connect为动词，意为“（使）连接；与……有联系”，通常与介词with或to连用。 固定搭配 connect connect…to...把……连接到…… connect...with...把……和……连接或联系起来 请你把这根电线和电视机连上好吗？Will you connect this wire to the television？ 请不要把这个人和那个人联系在一起。Please don’t connect this person with that person. 把手机连到电脑上。Connect the cellphone to the computer. 这个村庄与学校用一座桥连接。The village is connected with the school by the bridge. 根据句意及首字母提示补全单词 He the screen to the computer last night. 考点6.regard的用法 用法分析 本句中的regard为动词，意为“看待”，后接宾语 how their hometowns have changed, with great interest在句中做状语。 李老师被认为是我们学校最受欢迎的老师。Mr. Li is regarded as the most popular teacher in our school. 考点拓展 regard做名词时常用复数 regards表示“致意；问候”。 请代我向你的父母致意。Please give my regards to your parents. 固定搭配（1）regard...as把……当作/认为/视为，相当于treat...as或consider ...as, look on/upon...as..., take...as, think of...as..., regard后接名词/代词，as后接名词/代词等。 我把他当朋友看待。I regard him as friend. 注意 regard后不能接that从句，也不接动词不定式。 （2）as regards至于；关于。 关于我自己，我只能说我很勤劳。As regards myself, I can only say that I'm hard- working. 根据汉语意思完成句子 杨绛被她的丈夫钱钟书视为最贤的妻，最才的女。 Yang Jiang was the most virtuous wife and the most talented female by her husband, Qian Zhongshu. 考点7.help sb. with sth.“帮助某人做某事” Lucy often helps her mother with housework on Sunday.露西在星期天经常帮助妈妈做家务。 help 构成的短语： help oneself (to)“随便吃” can’t help doing sth“禁不住做某事” with the help of“在……的帮助下” Children， to some fruits.孩子们，请随便吃些水果吧。 I couldn’t crying.我忍不住哭了。 the help of the neighbors，the fire was at last brought under control.在邻居们的帮助下，或是终于开展住了。 考点8.advise建议；劝告，忠告；通知；警告 advise 后接动词作宾语时，要用动名词，不用不定式；但若其后接的动词前有宾语，此动词用作宾语补足语时，则此动词要用不定式。 即 advise doing sth (建议做某事)或 advise sb to do sth (建议某人做某事)。 类似情况的还有 allow(允许)，permit(允许)，forbid(禁止)等动词。 The husband moving to the south, but his wife advised him give up the idea. 丈夫建议搬到南方去，但他妻子建议他放弃这种想法。 考点9.believe相信 believe后接名词、代词或从句，表示“相信；认为”，接sb时表示“相信某人的话” believe in后接sth时表示”信仰或信奉（真理、宗教、原则、行为）” 接sb.时表示”信赖某人” Why didn’t you believe your friend? 你为什么不信任你的朋友？ I believe him, but I don’t in him. 我相信他的话，但不信任他这个人。 考点10.used to do“过去常常做某事” used to do意思为“过去常常做某事”，是表达一般过去时态，它的一般疑问句句型为：Did +主语+use to do? 、否定结构为：主语+didn’t use to do 常与其混淆的结构有：be used to do/for doing(被用于做某事), be/get used to doing(习惯于做某事)。 I used to able to see stars in the sky. 我过去常常能在天空中看到星星。 Knives are used to things./ Knives are used for cutting things 刀是用于切东西的。 On school days, he is used to up early. 在上学的日子，他习惯于早起。 考点11.expect v.“预料、盼望” expect v.“预料、盼望”→unexpected adj. “出乎意料的；始料不及的” expect及物动词，“预料、盼望、预计、预料”；常见用法： 1)expect + n./pron.“预计……可能发生；期待某人/某物” We should not expect success overnight. 我们不能期望一夜之间就取得成功。 I expect a snowstorm.我预计有一场暴风雪。 2)expect to do sth.“料想做某事” I didn’t expect find you here. 我没料到在这里碰到你。 3)expect sb. to do sth.“期望某人做某事” He expected her go with him. 他期望她同他一起去。 Do you expect him teach you English？你希望他教你英语吗？ 4)expect + 从句“预计、料想……” I that I will be back on Sunday. 我预计星期日回来。 I don’t that he has done such a thing. 我预料他不会干出这种事来。 the unexpected “ 意外的事情，出乎意料的事”； 考点12. be made of的用法 用法分析 be made of意为“由……制成”，指原材料 经过加工后没有发生质的变化，从成品中可以看出原材料。 这件外套是由丝绸制成的。The coat is made of silk. 历史上第一个风筝是由木头做成的吗？Was the first kite made of wood in history？ 要点拓展 be made相关的短语： be made from 意为“由……制成”，是指原材料经过加工后发生了质的变化，从成品中看不出原材料。 be made in 意为“在……制造”，表示某物是在某地生产或制造的。 be made by 意为“被……制作”，表示某物是由某人或以某种方式制造的。 be made into 意为“把……制成…，使转变为”，是指用某种原材料制成某种成品。主语在意义上为原料，介词的宾语在意义上为制成品。 Be made up of 意为“由……组成/构成”，指由两个或两个以上的部分组成/构成。 Bread is made eggs, milk and flour.面包是由鸡蛋、牛奶和面粉制成的。 This furniture is made America.这套家具是美国生产的。 This pair of shoes is made my grandmother.这双鞋是我奶奶做的。 In many parts of the world, corn is made powder.世界上有许多地方把玉米磨成粉。 This medical team is made up one doctor and three nurses.这支医疗团队是由一名医生和三名护士组成的。 make构成的短语： make food 做饭 make the bed铺床 make money赚钱 make a plane 做飞机 make trouble/mistakes犯错 make faces 做鬼脸 make friends 交朋友 make cakes 做蛋糕 make noises/a noise 制造噪音 make paper 造纸 make yourself at home 请自便 make oneself understood 使别人理解 make progress 取得进步 make up 编造/化妆/构成 make a decision 下决定 make sure （确信、弄清楚） make up one's mind 下决心 -Do you know anything about C919？ -Of course. It’s a kind of plane which ______ China. A. is made of B. is made in C. is made from D. is made up of 考点13.invite v → invitation n邀请 (1)invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事 Let‘s call up Jim and invite him play football. 让我们给吉姆打电话吧，邀请他去踢足球。 (2)invite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去某地 Thanks a lot for me to your birthday party .非常感谢你邀请我参加你的生日聚会. I would like to you to the Art Festival of our school. 我想要邀请你来参加我们学校的艺术节 考点14.happen v“发生”，不及物动词，没有被动语态 ，主语是物，强调某事发生的偶然性。 ①“sth.+ happen+地点/时间”，“某地/某时发生了某事” What’s outside? 外面发生什么事了? ② sth. happen to sb. 某事发生在某人身上 A car accident happened him yesterday. 昨天他发生了交通事故。 What happened him?=What was wrong with him? ③sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事 She happened be out when we called. ◆take place “发生”，指事情有计划有安排地发生 The sports meeting took place in our school last week. 考点15.find out, look for 与 find用法比较： find out 强调经过调查、询问、研究等曲折过程后才能找出。 Please find out when the train leaves. 请查明火车什么时间离开。 find 意为“发现，找到”，强调寻找的结果。 I can't find my pet dog.我找不到我的宠物狗。 look for 意为“寻找”，强调寻找的过程。 I'm looking for it everywhere.我正在到处找它。 被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系。英语中的动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。当主语是动作的执行者时用主动语态（某人做某事）；当主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态（某事被某人做）。 1、各种时态的被动语态 被动语态由“主语+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词有时态、人称和数的变化。 结 构 例 句 一般现在时：主语+am/is/are+过去分词 The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天都打扫。 一般过去时：主语+was/were+过去分词 Our school was built in 1998. 我们的学校在1998年建造。 一般将来时：主语+shall/will+be+过去分词 主语+be going to+be+过去分词 The sports meeting will be held tomorrow. 运动会明天举行。 A new factory is going to be built in our city. 一个新工厂将在我市建成。 现在进行时：主语+am/is/are +being+过去分词 The car is being repaired. 这辆汽车正在修理中。 过去进行时：主语+was/were +being+过去分词 The machine was being painted then. 那时那台机器正在上油漆。 现在完成时：主语+has/have +been+过去分词 The bank has been built. 银行已经建成了。 过去完成时：主语+had +been+过去分词 I had been invited to visit Japan before I came here. 在来这儿之前我已经被邀请访问日本了。 过去将来时：主语+should/ would+be+过去分词 Ann told me she would be sent to America. 安告诉我她将被派往美国。 含有情态动词的被动语态：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词 The bike can’t be put here. 这辆自行车不能被放在这里。 初中阶段应该掌握的被动语态结构有三种：一般现在时的被动语态；一般过去时的被动语态；一般将来时的被动语态。中考题出现的关于被动语态的题目，一般会从上述三种情况中出；其他几种时态的被动语态了解即可，它们一般会在阅读题目中出现。 2、被动语态的用法 （1）不知道动作的执行者，只知道承受者的情况。如：Silk is produced in Suzhou. （2）不必说出动作的执行者的情况。如：Such books are written for children. （3）需要突出和强调动作的承受者的情况。如：She is liked by everyone. （4）句子的主语是物。如：Many Houses were destroyed in the earthquake in Wenchuan. 3、被动语态的几种特殊形式 （1）带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只须把宾语变为被动语态的主语，而宾语补足语仍保留在原处，作主语补足语。 （2）主动句中感官动词see/hear/watch/feel/notice等和使役动词make/let/have等后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语时，主动语态中不带to，在变被动语态时，to必须还原。 1.We call him Xiao Wang.→He Xiao Wang. 2.He cut his hair short.→His hair short. 3.They told him to help me. →He to help me. 4.We find English very useful. →English very useful. 5.I saw him fall off the tree. →He was seen the tree. 6.They watched the children sing that morning.→The children were watched that morning. 【注意】后接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时，宾补部分不变。 对比：We heard Jim playing the guitar in his room. →Jim the guitar in his room. （3）含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语，直接宾语(指物)不变。另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语，间接宾语(指人) 用介词 to 或 for 引导。常用加to的动词give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave(留给), hand(交给), tell, return, write, throw(仍), promise(答应), refuse(拒绝)等；常用加for的动词make, buy, do, get, play(演奏), order(命令), sing, pay(支付), draw等。 （4）短语动词在变为被动语态时，短语中的介词或副词不能省去。常见的这类短语动词有：take care of, look after, take off, look at, send for, look up, think of, work out, laugh at等。 1.My father gave me a new book on my birthday. →I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语)→A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语) 2.My father bought a new bike for me yesterday. →A new bike was bought for me yesterday. (直接宾语作了主语) →I was bought a new bike yesterday. (间接宾语作了主语) 3.We can’t laugh at him.→He can’t be laugh at by us. // John turned on the radio.→The radio was turned on. 4、不用被动语态的情况 （1）主动句的谓语动词是系动词（feel, look, sound, seem, become等）、不及物动词（happen, take, please, disappear等）、表示状态的及物动词（have, rise, hold等）或某些动词短语（come true; fall asleep; keep quiet; take place等）时，不能用于被动语态。 如：This was happened in 1989.（错）This happened in 1989.（对） The trees have been become green.（错）The trees have become green.（对） （2）主动句的宾语是不定式或动名词时，不能用作被动语态的主语。如： My brother enjoys watching TV. 我弟弟喜欢看电视。→不能变成：Watching TV is enjoyed by my brother.（误） He asked to have a try. 他请求试一试。→不能变成：To have a try was asked by him.（误） （3）主动句的宾语是反身代词或each other时，不能用作被动语态的主语。如： The woman introduced herself as Mrs. Li. 那个妇女自我介绍说她是李夫人。 不能变成：Herself was introduced herself as Mrs. Li.（误） They help each other to study English. 他们互相帮助学习英语。 不能变成：Each other is helped to study English.（误） 5、被动语态与系表结构的区别 “be+动词的过去分词”表示动作时是被动语态；“be+动词的过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时是系表结构。 （1）含有“by+宾语”结构强调动作执行者，此时为被动语态。如： The window is broken. 窗户坏了。（系表结构）// The window is broken by me. 窗户是我打破的。（被动语态） （2）句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般是被动语态。如： The door was closed. 门是关着的。（系表结构）// The door was closed at 9: 00. 九点钟关的门。（被动语态） （3）系表结构中常用介词搭配，被动语态中没有介词搭配。如：We’re worried about the boy. 我们担心那个男孩。 （4）系表结构的过去分词可以被副词修饰。如：I’m really surprised at the news. 我对这个消息真的感到很惊讶。 （5）系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而被动语态可用于多种时态。 随堂训练 1．（2025·安徽亳州·模拟预测）—What are you watching? Phones ________ during the meeting! —Sorry, I won’t. A．don’t allow B．didn’t allow C．aren’t allowed D．weren’t allowed 2．（2025·江西景德镇·三模）—Can we bring snacks to the school library? —No. Snacks ________ there. It’s a rule to keep the place clean. A．don’t allow B．aren’t allowed C．won’t allow D．didn’t allow 3．（2025·安徽亳州·二模）As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese _________ in more and more schools out of our country. A．teaches B．is taught C．has taught D．was taught 4．（2025·甘肃武威·模拟预测）—Why was she absent from the party yesterday? —It seemed that she ________. A．invited B．is invited C．wasn’t invited D．invites 5．（2025·江西赣州·一模）The highly-praised Chinese film Ne Zha 2: The Devil Child Comes to the Sea which is the highest-grossing (票房最高的) film ________ by Jiaozi. A．was directed B．directed C．had been directed D．has directed 6．（2025·江西吉安·模拟预测）—I hear that you took part in a clean-up activity last week. —Yes, it ________ by a volunteer group of our city. A．organizes B．organized C．is organizing D．was organized 7．（2025·云南丽江·一模）— When will the school science festival be held? — The school science festival __________ next month. I can’t wait! A．holds B．will hold C．is held D．will be held 8．（2025·全国·模拟预测）To make our city much greener, more trees ________ in the next few years. A．plant B．will plant C．will be planted D．are planted 9．（2025·全国·模拟预测）Some new schools ________ in the near future, which satisfies the citizens’ needs for more resources. A．were built B．are built C．will build D．will be built 10．（2025·安徽·模拟预测）AI robots ________ in Anhui’s factories since 2023 to improve production efficiency. A．use B．used C．have used D．have been used 11．（2025·上海·模拟预测）So far, 5G networks ________ in over 100 countries, improving speeds and reducing latency (延迟). A．are introduced B．were introduced C．have introduced D．have been introduced 12．（2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）The Spring Festival ________ in China since thousands of years ago. A．was celebrated B．has been celebrated C．has celebrated D．is celebrating 13．（2025·甘肃白银·三模）—It is said that the new kind of medicine which can ______ to treat this disease will be on the market next month. —That’s great! A．use B．be used C．have used D．be using 14．（2025·甘肃张掖·一模）Teenagers should ________ to have part-time jobs. A．allow B．be allow C．be allowed D．allowed 15．（2025·甘肃陇南·二模）People who drink wine ________ to drive. It’s too dangerous. A．don’t allow B．mustn’t be allowed C．mustn’t allow D．are allowed 16．（2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）—Cathy, you look upset. What’s the matter? —I was involved in a car accident last week and my car was destroyed. It needs __________ . A．be repaired B．to repair C．repairing D．repair 17．（2024·广东珠海·模拟预测）My 5G Huawei Mobile phone doesn’t work well now , and I think it needs________. A．to repair B．repairing C．being  repaired D．to be repairing 18．（2024·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·一模）—I think the classroom needs ________. —Well, you are right. We’ll do what we can ________ the classroom tidy and clean. A．clean, keep B．to clean, to keep C．cleaning, keeping D．cleaning, to keep 综合训练 一．单句语法填空 1．（2025·江苏泰州·二模）Because of the heavy fog, most of the flights have been (cancel). 2．（2025·甘肃武威·模拟预测）Lisa was (choose) as the lead role in the school play last week. 3．（2025·全国·模拟预测）If all the rubbish (throw) into bins, our city can keep clean. 4．（2025·全国·模拟预测）President Xi Jinping tells all Chinese that great life (create) by hard work. 5．（2025·西藏·一模）Mr Green (invite) to sing an English song at the party and he sang well. 6．（2024·江苏盐城·二模）Every year, about 750,000 cars _______________(produce)in this factory 7．（2022·江苏无锡·一模）To keep safe, everyone (tell) to wear a seat belt in the car now. 8．（2022·江苏无锡·一模）The sports meeting they were looking forward to ( hold) yesterday. 9．（2025·全国·二模）The next Winter Olympic Games (hold) in Milan in 2026. 10．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）He (punish) because he broke the rules. 11．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）The situation will get worse if the matter is not carefully (deal) with in time. 12．（2025·甘肃陇南·模拟预测）A lot of tea plants (grow) on the sides of the mountain every year. 13．（2025·甘肃张掖·三模）Many road accidents can be (avoid) if we all follow traffic rules. 14．（2025·甘肃张掖·二模）A new bridge will (build) over that river. 15．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）How beautiful these photos are! I wonder where they (take). 二．用所给词的正确形式填空 1.I am__________(interest) in reading books, especially story books which ___________(interest) me a lot because the stories are so ___________(interest). But I have no ___________(interest) in doing sports. It's too bad. 2.Tina is a _____________(care) girl who always does homework _____________(care). But Tony is a _____________(care) boy who usually makes mistakes in the exercises. 3.Dave feels interested in _____________(science) experiments a lot and works really hard on ____________(science). It is his dream to be a great _____________(science) like Yang Zhenning when he grows up. 4. My classmate Ma Tao is a _____________(love) boy. He loves telling jokes to us. He also likes _____________(art) very much. He wants to be an _____________(art) when he grows up. 5.When I have _____________(difficult) in working out the _____________(difficult) maths problems, my friend Mei who is _____________(real) helpful always helps me work out. I think she is a _____________(real) friend to me. 6.Lingling's father is a ___________(work). He works very hard. Lingling is also a hard ___________(work) girl. Her father is really proud of her hard ___________(work) at her lessons. 7. Alan stayed up so late that he felt _____________(sleep) the next morning. Before the bell rang, he had fallen _____________(sleep) in the fourth class this morning. It's quite important to have a good _____________(sleep) at night. 8.I _____________(win) the photo competition and the headmaster presented the prize to me. As a_____________(win). I will work harder. 三．语法填空 （2024·山东济南·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last week I competed in the school spelling bee. This vocabulary competition 1 (hold) at our school every year. This year was the first time 2 me to take part in it. We all sat in three rows on the stage. When I looked up, I saw that the whole school had come 3 (watch) us take turns to spell words aloud. Suddenly, I felt very nervous. Soon, the spelling bee began. One at a time, each of 4 (we) stood at the microphone in the center of the stage. The judge (裁判) pronounced a word slowly. You had to spell it 5 (correct) to stay in the contest. The judge began with a list of easy words, but soon the words got 6 (hard). I had to spell the word “acrobat”. I tried. I tried to picture it in my mind. Then I started to spell aloud, 7 I said the letter “k” instead of “e”. As soon as I said the wrong letter, I knew I had made 8 mistake. But it was too late! I still smiled as I left the stage. My classmates 9 (cheer) to show they were proud of how hard I had tried. Of course, I was a little disappointed that I did not win, but 10 (try) again next year! 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 动词考点、被动语态归纳 动词考点 考点1.succeed的用法 用法分析 succeed做动词，意为“实现目标；成功”。 常用结构：succeed in doing sth.成功地做某事。 He succeeded in solving the problem.他成功地解决了这个问题。 要点拓展 success n.成功（十后缀ful）→successful adj.成功的（十后缀ly）→successfully adv.成功地（用于修饰动词）。success n.成功（去ss）+ed→succeed v.成功。 She is a very successful mother.她是一位非常成功的母亲。 Her first success encouraged her to work even harder.她的首次成功鼓舞她更加努力工作。 He finished the work successfully.他成功地完成了这项工作。 Frederick ___C___ entered the final competition last month. His hobby has brought him ______. A. successful；success B. successful；successfully C. successfully；success D. successfully；successful 考点2. look up的用法 用法分析 look up意为“查找；查阅”。look up…in a dictionary意为“在词/字典中查找……”。查找的内容若为代词要放在lookup中间，是名词时放look up中间或后面都可以。 当你不懂一个单词时，可以查这本词典。When you do not understand a word, you can look it up in this dictionary. 我们可以在因特网上查找关于这个城市的一些信息。We can look up some information about this city on the Internet. 要点拓展 lookup还表示“抬头看；向上看”。 The baby bear looked up, and ran towards me.小熊抬起头，向我跑来。 -What’s the meaning of “One Belt One Road”？ —Let me ___D___ the words in the new dictionary. A. look at B. look for C. look after D. look up 考点3.increase的用法 用法分析 increase为动词，意为“增加，增长”，既可做及物动词，也可做不及物动词。 汽油的价格又上涨了。The price of petrol increased again. 要点辨析 increase by...increase to… increase by... 意为“增长了……”，by后常跟百分数或倍数，表示增幅。 The price of the houses increased by10%.房子的价格上涨了10%。 increase to... 意为“增长到……”，to后常接具体数字。 The population in this city will increase to1,000,000.这个城市的人口将增加到100万。 考点4.avoid的用法（高频考点） 用法分析 avoid为动词，意为“避免；回避”，其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式做宾语，但是不能接不定式做宾语。 avoid 1 avoid sb./sth.回避某人/某事 2 avoid doing sth.防止做某事；避免做某事 为了避免浪费资源，我们必须尽可能多地循环利用它们。In order to avoid wasting resources, we must recycle them as much as possible. 既然你们不能避免彼此见面，为什么不好好谈一谈呢？Since you can’t avoid seeing each other, why not have a good talk？ We should ___A___ making a noise in the library. A. avoid B. prefer C. practise D. enjoy 考点5. connect的用法 用法分析 connect为动词，意为“（使）连接；与……有联系”，通常与介词with或to连用。 固定搭配 connect connect…to...把……连接到…… connect...with...把……和……连接或联系起来 请你把这根电线和电视机连上好吗？Will you connect this wire to the television？ 请不要把这个人和那个人联系在一起。Please don’t connect this person with that person. 把手机连到电脑上。Connect the cellphone to the computer. 这个村庄与学校用一座桥连接。The village is connected with the school by the bridge. 根据句意及首字母提示补全单词 He connected the screen to the computer last night. 考点6.regard的用法 用法分析 本句中的regard为动词，意为“看待”，后接宾语 how their hometowns have changed, with great interest在句中做状语。 李老师被认为是我们学校最受欢迎的老师。Mr. Li is regarded as the most popular teacher in our school. 考点拓展 regard做名词时常用复数 regards表示“致意；问候”。 请代我向你的父母致意。Please give my regards to your parents. 固定搭配（1）regard...as把……当作/认为/视为，相当于treat...as或consider ...as, look on/upon...as..., take...as, think of...as..., regard后接名词/代词，as后接名词/代词等。 我把他当朋友看待。I regard him as friend. 注意 regard后不能接that从句，也不接动词不定式。 （2）as regards至于；关于。 关于我自己，我只能说我很勤劳。As regards myself, I can only say that I'm hard- working. 根据汉语意思完成句子 杨绛被她的丈夫钱钟书视为最贤的妻，最才的女。 Yang Jiang was regarded as the most virtuous wife and the most talented female by her husband, Qian Zhongshu. 考点7.help sb. with sth.“帮助某人做某事” Lucy often helps her mother with housework on Sunday.露西在星期天经常帮助妈妈做家务。 help 构成的短语： help oneself (to)“随便吃” can’t help doing sth“禁不住做某事” with the help of“在……的帮助下” Children，help yourselves to some fruits.孩子们，请随便吃些水果吧。 I couldn’t help crying.我忍不住哭了。 With the help of the neighbors，the fire was at last brought under control.在邻居们的帮助下，或是终于开展住了。 考点8.advise建议；劝告，忠告；通知；警告 advise 后接动词作宾语时，要用动名词，不用不定式；但若其后接的动词前有宾语，此动词用作宾语补足语时，则此动词要用不定式。 即 advise doing sth (建议做某事)或 advise sb to do sth (建议某人做某事)。 类似情况的还有 allow(允许)，permit(允许)，forbid(禁止)等动词。 The husband advised moving to the south, but his wife advised him to give up the idea. 丈夫建议搬到南方去，但他妻子建议他放弃这种想法。 考点9.believe相信 believe后接名词、代词或从句，表示“相信；认为”，接sb时表示“相信某人的话” believe in后接sth时表示”信仰或信奉（真理、宗教、原则、行为）” 接sb.时表示”信赖某人” Why didn’t you believe in your friend? 你为什么不信任你的朋友？ I believe him, but I don’t believe in him. 我相信他的话，但不信任他这个人。 考点10.used to do“过去常常做某事” used to do意思为“过去常常做某事”，是表达一般过去时态，它的一般疑问句句型为：Did +主语+use to do? 、否定结构为：主语+didn’t use to do 常与其混淆的结构有：be used to do/for doing(被用于做某事), be/get used to doing(习惯于做某事)。 I used to be able to see stars in the sky. 我过去常常能在天空中看到星星。 Knives are used to cut things./ Knives are used for cutting things 刀是用于切东西的。 On school days, he is used to getting up early. 在上学的日子，他习惯于早起。 考点11.expect v.“预料、盼望” expect v.“预料、盼望”→unexpected adj. “出乎意料的；始料不及的” expect及物动词，“预料、盼望、预计、预料”；常见用法： 1)expect + n./pron.“预计……可能发生；期待某人/某物” We should not expect success overnight. 我们不能期望一夜之间就取得成功。 I expect a snowstorm.我预计有一场暴风雪。 2)expect to do sth.“料想做某事” I didn’t expect to find you here. 我没料到在这里碰到你。 3)expect sb. to do sth.“期望某人做某事” He expected her to go with him. 他期望她同他一起去。 Do you expect him to teach you English？你希望他教你英语吗？ 4)expect + 从句“预计、料想……” I expect that I will be back on Sunday. 我预计星期日回来。 I don’t expect that he has done such a thing. 我预料他不会干出这种事来。 the unexpected “ 意外的事情，出乎意料的事”； 考点12. be made of的用法 用法分析 be made of意为“由……制成”，指原材料 经过加工后没有发生质的变化，从成品中可以看出原材料。 这件外套是由丝绸制成的。The coat is made of silk. 历史上第一个风筝是由木头做成的吗？Was the first kite made of wood in history？ 要点拓展 be made相关的短语： be made from 意为“由……制成”，是指原材料经过加工后发生了质的变化，从成品中看不出原材料。 be made in 意为“在……制造”，表示某物是在某地生产或制造的。 be made by 意为“被……制作”，表示某物是由某人或以某种方式制造的。 be made into 意为“把……制成…，使转变为”，是指用某种原材料制成某种成品。主语在意义上为原料，介词的宾语在意义上为制成品。 Be made up of 意为“由……组成/构成”，指由两个或两个以上的部分组成/构成。 Bread is made from eggs, milk and flour.面包是由鸡蛋、牛奶和面粉制成的。 This furniture is made in America.这套家具是美国生产的。 This pair of shoes is made by my grandmother.这双鞋是我奶奶做的。 In many parts of the world, corn is made into powder.世界上有许多地方把玉米磨成粉。 This medical team is made up of one doctor and three nurses.这支医疗团队是由一名医生和三名护士组成的。 make构成的短语： make food 做饭 make the bed铺床 make money赚钱 make a plane 做飞机 make trouble/mistakes犯错 make faces 做鬼脸 make friends 交朋友 make cakes 做蛋糕 make noises/a noise 制造噪音 make paper 造纸 make yourself at home 请自便 make oneself understood 使别人理解 make progress 取得进步 make up 编造/化妆/构成 make a decision 下决定 make sure （确信、弄清楚） make up one's mind 下决心 -Do you know anything about C919？ -Of course. It’s a kind of plane which ___B___ China. A. is made of B. is made in C. is made from D. is made up of 考点13.invite v → invitation n邀请 (1)invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事 Let‘s call up Jim and invite him to play football. 让我们给吉姆打电话吧，邀请他去踢足球。 (2)invite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去某地 Thanks a lot for inviting me to your birthday party .非常感谢你邀请我参加你的生日聚会. I would like to invite you to the Art Festival of our school. 我想要邀请你来参加我们学校的艺术节 考点14.happen v“发生”，不及物动词，没有被动语态 ，主语是物，强调某事发生的偶然性。 ①“sth.+ happen+地点/时间”，“某地/某时发生了某事” What’s happening outside? 外面发生什么事了? ② sth. happen to sb. 某事发生在某人身上 A car accident happened to him yesterday. 昨天他发生了交通事故。 What happened to him?=What was wrong with him? ③sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事 She happened to be out when we called. ◆take place “发生”，指事情有计划有安排地发生 The sports meeting took place in our school last week. 考点15.find out, look for 与 find用法比较： find out 强调经过调查、询问、研究等曲折过程后才能找出。 Please find out when the train leaves. 请查明火车什么时间离开。 find 意为“发现，找到”，强调寻找的结果。 I can't find my pet dog.我找不到我的宠物狗。 look for 意为“寻找”，强调寻找的过程。 I'm looking for it everywhere.我正在到处找它。 被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系。英语中的动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。当主语是动作的执行者时用主动语态（某人做某事）；当主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态（某事被某人做）。 1、各种时态的被动语态 被动语态由“主语+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词有时态、人称和数的变化。 结 构 例 句 一般现在时：主语+am/is/are+过去分词 The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天都打扫。 一般过去时：主语+was/were+过去分词 Our school was built in 1998. 我们的学校在1998年建造。 一般将来时：主语+shall/will+be+过去分词 主语+be going to+be+过去分词 The sports meeting will be held tomorrow. 运动会明天举行。 A new factory is going to be built in our city. 一个新工厂将在我市建成。 现在进行时：主语+am/is/are +being+过去分词 The car is being repaired. 这辆汽车正在修理中。 过去进行时：主语+was/were +being+过去分词 The machine was being painted then. 那时那台机器正在上油漆。 现在完成时：主语+has/have +been+过去分词 The bank has been built. 银行已经建成了。 过去完成时：主语+had +been+过去分词 I had been invited to visit Japan before I came here. 在来这儿之前我已经被邀请访问日本了。 过去将来时：主语+should/ would+be+过去分词 Ann told me she would be sent to America. 安告诉我她将被派往美国。 含有情态动词的被动语态：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词 The bike can’t be put here. 这辆自行车不能被放在这里。 初中阶段应该掌握的被动语态结构有三种：一般现在时的被动语态；一般过去时的被动语态；一般将来时的被动语态。中考题出现的关于被动语态的题目，一般会从上述三种情况中出；其他几种时态的被动语态了解即可，它们一般会在阅读题目中出现。 2、被动语态的用法 （1）不知道动作的执行者，只知道承受者的情况。如：Silk is produced in Suzhou. （2）不必说出动作的执行者的情况。如：Such books are written for children. （3）需要突出和强调动作的承受者的情况。如：She is liked by everyone. （4）句子的主语是物。如：Many Houses were destroyed in the earthquake in Wenchuan. 3、被动语态的几种特殊形式 （1）带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只须把宾语变为被动语态的主语，而宾语补足语仍保留在原处，作主语补足语。 （2）主动句中感官动词see/hear/watch/feel/notice等和使役动词make/let/have等后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语时，主动语态中不带to，在变被动语态时，to必须还原。 1.We call him Xiao Wang.→He is called Xiao Wang. 2.He cut his hair short.→His hair was cut short. 3.They told him to help me. →He was told to help me. 4.We find English very useful. →English is found very useful. 5.I saw him fall off the tree. →He was seen to fall off the tree. 6.They watched the children sing that morning.→The children were watched to sing that morning. 【注意】后接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时，宾补部分不变。 对比：We heard Jim playing the guitar in his room. →Jim was heard playing the guitar in his room. （3）含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语，直接宾语(指物)不变。另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语，间接宾语(指人) 用介词 to 或 for 引导。常用加to的动词give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave(留给), hand(交给), tell, return, write, throw(仍), promise(答应), refuse(拒绝)等；常用加for的动词make, buy, do, get, play(演奏), order(命令), sing, pay(支付), draw等。 （4）短语动词在变为被动语态时，短语中的介词或副词不能省去。常见的这类短语动词有：take care of, look after, take off, look at, send for, look up, think of, work out, laugh at等。 1.My father gave me a new book on my birthday. →I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语)→A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语) 2.My father bought a new bike for me yesterday. →A new bike was bought for me yesterday. (直接宾语作了主语) →I was bought a new bike yesterday. (间接宾语作了主语) 3.We can’t laugh at him.→He can’t be laugh at by us. // John turned on the radio.→The radio was turned on. 4、不用被动语态的情况 （1）主动句的谓语动词是系动词（feel, look, sound, seem, become等）、不及物动词（happen, take, please, disappear等）、表示状态的及物动词（have, rise, hold等）或某些动词短语（come true; fall asleep; keep quiet; take place等）时，不能用于被动语态。 如：This was happened in 1989.（错）This happened in 1989.（对） The trees have been become green.（错）The trees have become green.（对） （2）主动句的宾语是不定式或动名词时，不能用作被动语态的主语。如： My brother enjoys watching TV. 我弟弟喜欢看电视。→不能变成：Watching TV is enjoyed by my brother.（误） He asked to have a try. 他请求试一试。→不能变成：To have a try was asked by him.（误） （3）主动句的宾语是反身代词或each other时，不能用作被动语态的主语。如： The woman introduced herself as Mrs. Li. 那个妇女自我介绍说她是李夫人。 不能变成：Herself was introduced herself as Mrs. Li.（误） They help each other to study English. 他们互相帮助学习英语。 不能变成：Each other is helped to study English.（误） 5、被动语态与系表结构的区别 “be+动词的过去分词”表示动作时是被动语态；“be+动词的过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时是系表结构。 （1）含有“by+宾语”结构强调动作执行者，此时为被动语态。如： The window is broken. 窗户坏了。（系表结构）// The window is broken by me. 窗户是我打破的。（被动语态） （2）句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般是被动语态。如： The door was closed. 门是关着的。（系表结构）// The door was closed at 9: 00. 九点钟关的门。（被动语态） （3）系表结构中常用介词搭配，被动语态中没有介词搭配。如：We’re worried about the boy. 我们担心那个男孩。 （4）系表结构的过去分词可以被副词修饰。如：I’m really surprised at the news. 我对这个消息真的感到很惊讶。 （5）系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而被动语态可用于多种时态。 随堂训练 1．（2025·安徽亳州·模拟预测）—What are you watching? Phones ________ during the meeting! —Sorry, I won’t. A．don’t allow B．didn’t allow C．aren’t allowed D．weren’t allowed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你在看什么？会议期间手机不被允许！ 考查被动语态。根据“Phones...during the meeting!”和“allow”可知，会议期间手机被禁止，需用被动语态，其结构是“be + done”，时态为一般现在时，所以此处用“aren’t allowed”。故选C。 2．（2025·江西景德镇·三模）—Can we bring snacks to the school library? —No. Snacks ________ there. It’s a rule to keep the place clean. A．don’t allow B．aren’t allowed C．won’t allow D．didn’t allow 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们能带零食去学校图书馆吗？——不。零食在那里不被允许。这是一条保持地方清洁的规则。 考查被动语态。根据语境可知，零食不被允许带到图书馆，这是客观事实，且主语“Snacks”与动词“allow”之间是被动关系，所以应用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are+过去分词”，主语“Snacks”是复数，be动词用are，allow的过去分词是allowed，其否定形式是在be动词后加not，即aren’t allowed。故选B。 3．（2025·安徽亳州·二模）As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese _________ in more and more schools out of our country. A．teaches B．is taught C．has taught D．was taught 【答案】B 【详解】句意：随着中国变得越来越强大，汉语在越来越多的国外学校被教授。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语“Chinese”指汉语，与动词“teach”构成被动关系，且句子描述当前普遍趋势，需用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。 4．（2025·甘肃武威·模拟预测）—Why was she absent from the party yesterday? —It seemed that she ________. A．invited B．is invited C．wasn’t invited D．invites 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——她昨天为什么没来参加聚会？——似乎她没有被邀请。    考查被动语态。根据问句“Why was she absent...”的过去时语境，她缺席的原因可能是未被邀请，因此需用过去时的被动语态否定形式。故选C。 5．（2025·江西赣州·一模）The highly-praised Chinese film Ne Zha 2: The Devil Child Comes to the Sea which is the highest-grossing (票房最高的) film ________ by Jiaozi. A．was directed B．directed C．had been directed D．has directed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：备受好评的中国电影《哪吒2：魔女来海》是票房最高的电影，由饺子执导。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。设空处需填入谓语动词，与“by Jiaozi”构成被动含义，修饰“film”，且电影是在过去执导的，用一般过去时的被动语态，was/were done。主语是名词单数，系动词用was。故选A。 6．（2025·江西吉安·模拟预测）—I hear that you took part in a clean-up activity last week. —Yes, it ________ by a volunteer group of our city. A．organizes B．organized C．is organizing D．was organized 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我听说你上周参加了一个清扫活动。——是的，那是由我们市的一个志愿者团体组织的。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。句子主语it与动词organize“组织”为被动关系，应用被动语态；根据“I hear that you took part in a clean-up activity last week.”可知，清扫活动这一动作是过去发生的，时态为一般过去时，因此这里用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done；主语为it，be动词用was，organize的过去分词为organized。故选D。 7．（2025·云南丽江·一模）— When will the school science festival be held? — The school science festival __________ next month. I can’t wait! A．holds B．will hold C．is held D．will be held 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——学校科学节什么时候举行？——学校科学节将在下个月举行。我等不及了！ 考查一般将来时的被动语态。科学节是被举行的，需用被动语态；时间状语“next month”表示将来，需用将来时。选项A（holds）和B（will hold）是主动语态，不符合被动要求；选项C（is held）是一般现在时的被动语态；选项D（will be held）是被动语态的将来时，正确。故选D。 8．（2025·全国·模拟预测）To make our city much greener, more trees ________ in the next few years. A．plant B．will plant C．will be planted D．are planted 【答案】C 【详解】句意：为了使我们的城市更加绿色，在接下来的几年里将会种植更多的树。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据句意可知，主语“more trees”和谓语动词“plant”之间存在被动关系，即树是被种植的，所以应用被动语态；再根据时间状语“in the next few years”可知，句子应使用一般将来时，表示在接下来的几年里将要发生的动作。因此，句子应使用一般将来时的被动语态，即will be planted。故选C。 9．（2025·全国·模拟预测）Some new schools ________ in the near future, which satisfies the citizens’ needs for more resources. A．were built B．are built C．will build D．will be built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在不久的将来，一些新学校将被建成，这满足了市民对更多资源的需求。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据时间状语“in the near future（在不久的将来）”可知，句子时态应用一般将来时，且主语“Some new schools（一些新学校）”和谓语动词“build（建造）”之间是被动关系，表示学校被建造，所以句子应用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为“will be+动词的过去分词”，build的过去分词是built。故选D。 10．（2025·安徽·模拟预测）AI robots ________ in Anhui’s factories since 2023 to improve production efficiency. A．use B．used C．have used D．have been used 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自2023年以来，人工智能机器人已被用于安徽的工厂，以提高生产效率。 考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据since 2023可知，空处应用现在完成时；主语AI robots和动词use之间是被动关系，所以空处应用现在完成时的被动语态。故选D。 11．（2025·上海·模拟预测）So far, 5G networks ________ in over 100 countries, improving speeds and reducing latency (延迟). A．are introduced B．were introduced C．have introduced D．have been introduced 【答案】D 【详解】句意：到目前为止，5G 网络已在100 多个国家被引入，提升了速度并降低了延迟。 考查现在完成时的被动语态。are introduced被引入，一般现在时的被动语态 ；were introduced被引入，一般过去时的被动语态；have introduced已经引入，现在完成时的主动语态；have been introduced已经被引入，现在完成时的被动语态。根据“So far”可知，句子时态应用现在完成时，且“5G networks（5G网络）”和“引入”之间是被动关系，即5G网络是被引入的，应用现在完成时的被动语态。故选D。 12．（2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）The Spring Festival ________ in China since thousands of years ago. A．was celebrated B．has been celebrated C．has celebrated D．is celebrating 【答案】B 【详解】句意：春节自从数千年前在中国就开始被庆祝了。 考查现在完成时的被动语态。主语“The Spring Festival”和谓语动词“celebrate”之间是动宾关系，所以应用被动语态；再根据时间状语“since thousands of years ago”可知，句子时态是现在完成时；现在完成时的被动语态结构为“have/has+been+动词的过去分词”，主语“The Spring Festival”为单数概念，所以助动词用has，celebrate的过去分词是celebrated。综上可知，句子应用现在完成时的被动语态，即has been celebrated。故选B。 13．（2025·甘肃白银·三模）—It is said that the new kind of medicine which can ______ to treat this disease will be on the market next month. —That’s great! A．use B．be used C．have used D．be using 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——据说可以用来治疗这种疾病的新药将于下个月上市。——太好了! 考查被动语态。which指代先行词the new kind of medicine，和use之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态，含有情态动词can的被动语态，结构是：can be done。故选B。 14．（2025·甘肃张掖·一模）Teenagers should ________ to have part-time jobs. A．allow B．be allow C．be allowed D．allowed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：应该允许青少年从事兼职工作。 考查被动语态。分析句子结构可知，主语“Teenagers”与动词“allow”为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态，C项符合。故选C。 15．（2025·甘肃陇南·二模）People who drink wine ________ to drive. It’s too dangerous. A．don’t allow B．mustn’t be allowed C．mustn’t allow D．are allowed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：不能让喝酒的人开车。太危险了。 考查被动语态。根据“People who drink wine …to drive. It’s too dangerous.”可知，主语“People”与动词“allow”之间存在被动关系，句子需要用被动语态，结构为be done，且不被允许酒后开车，需用mustn’t表示“禁止”。故选B。 16．（2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）—Cathy, you look upset. What’s the matter? —I was involved in a car accident last week and my car was destroyed. It needs __________ . A．be repaired B．to repair C．repairing D．repair 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——凯茜，你看起来很沮丧。怎么了？——我上周卷入了一场车祸，我的车被毁了。它需要修理。 考查非谓语动词。be repaired修理，被动形式；to repair动词不定式；repairing动名词或现在分词形式；repair修理，动词原形。根据“It needs”可知，此处考查need doing sth.“某事需要被做”。句子主语 “It” 指的是“车” ，车是需要被修理，所以应该用 “need repairing”。故选C。 17．（2024·广东珠海·模拟预测）My 5G Huawei Mobile phone doesn’t work well now , and I think it needs________. A．to repair B．repairing C．being  repaired D．to be repairing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的5G华为手机现在运行得不好，我认为它需要修理了。 考查非谓语动词。根据“it”可知，手机和修理之间是被动关系，用need doing sth.结构。故选B。 18．（2024·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·一模）—I think the classroom needs ________. —Well, you are right. We’ll do what we can ________ the classroom tidy and clean. A．clean, keep B．to clean, to keep C．cleaning, keeping D．cleaning, to keep 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我认为教室需要打扫。——你说得对。我们将尽我们所能保持教室整洁。 考查被动语态和非谓语动词。第一空为need doing“需要被做”，含有被动含义，相当于need to be done；第二空应用不定式作目的状语。故选D。 综合训练 一．单句语法填空 1．（2025·江苏泰州·二模）Because of the heavy fog, most of the flights have been (cancel). 【答案】cancelled/canceled 【详解】句意：由于大雾，大部分航班已被取消。cancel“取消”，为动词；根据“most of the flights have been”可知，这里表示大部分航班已被取消，为被动语态，应用动词的过去分词。故填cancelled/canceled。 2．（2025·甘肃武威·模拟预测）Lisa was (choose) as the lead role in the school play last week. 【答案】chosen 【详解】句意：上周，丽莎被选为学校戏剧的主角。根据“Lisa was…as the lead role”及提示词可知，此处指“被选为主角”，choose“选择”，动词；主语Lisa与谓语动词choose之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，由时间状语“last week”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，一般过去时的被动语态结构为“was/were+过去分词”，choose的过去分词为chosen。故填chosen。 3．（2025·全国·模拟预测）If all the rubbish (throw) into bins, our city can keep clean. 【答案】is thrown 【详解】句意：如果所有的垃圾都被扔进垃圾箱，我们的城市就能保持清洁。throw“扔”是动词。本句为if引导的条件状语从句，从句主语“all the rubbish”是动作的承受者，应用被动语态，结构为“be + 过去分词”；主句“our city can keep clean”为一般现在时，从句也应用一般现在时，主语为不可数名词，be动词用is。故填is thrown。 4．（2025·全国·模拟预测）President Xi Jinping tells all Chinese that great life (create) by hard work. 【答案】is created 【详解】句意：习近平主席告诉全体中国人，美好的生活是通过辛勤劳动创造的。根据“President Xi Jinping tells all Chinese that great life…by hard work.”可知，great life和create之间是被动关系，且这是客观真理，需用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are+过去分词”，主语是great life，故be动词用is。故填is created。 5．（2025·西藏·一模）Mr Green (invite) to sing an English song at the party and he sang well. 【答案】was invited 【详解】句意：格林先生受邀在聚会上唱一首英文歌，他唱得很好。根据句意可知动词“invite”和主语“Mr Green”是被动关系，应用被动语态“be done”，根据并列句“he sang well”可知此句应用一般过去时，主语是单数，be动词用“was”，动词“invite”变为过去分词“invited”。故填was invited。 6．（2024·江苏盐城·二模）Every year, about 750,000 cars _______________(produce)in this factory 【答案】are produced 【详解】分析句意：每一年，在这个工厂大约有七十五万辆小汽车被生产。分析：考查被动语态的用法，构成为be done（动词的过去分词），时间为每一年，体现为一般现在时的被动词态。故填are produced。 7．（2022·江苏无锡·一模）To keep safe, everyone (tell) to wear a seat belt in the car now. 【答案】is told 【详解】此题重点考查单词的拼写和各种形式的运用。以及对整个语句的理解 8．（2022·江苏无锡·一模）The sports meeting they were looking forward to ( hold) yesterday. 【答案】was held 【详解】此题重点考查单词的拼写和各种形式的运用。以及对整个语句的理解 9．（2025·全国·二模）The next Winter Olympic Games (hold) in Milan in 2026. 【答案】will be held 【详解】句意：下一届冬季奥运会将于2026年在米兰举行。主语The next Winter Olympic Games与hold之间是动宾关系，且根据“in 2026”可知，时态用一般将来时，因此空处是一般将来时的被动语态will be done，hold的过去分词是held。故填will be held。 10．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）He (punish) because he broke the rules. 【答案】was punished 【详解】句意：他因为违反规定被惩罚了。 根据“because he broke the rules”可知，“broke”是过去式，表明动作发生在过去，且“he”和“punish”是被动关系，即他被惩罚，主语为三单，故此处应用一般过去时的被动语态“was punished”。故填was punished。 11．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）The situation will get worse if the matter is not carefully (deal) with in time. 【答案】dealt 【详解】句意：如果这事不及时妥善处理，情况将会变得更糟。分析句子可知，主语“the matter”与“deal with”之间为被动关系，应使用被动语态，结构为be done，此处应使用过去分词dealt。故填dealt。 12．（2025·甘肃陇南·模拟预测）A lot of tea plants (grow) on the sides of the mountain every year. 【答案】are grown 【详解】句意：每年山的两侧种植大量茶树。根据“every year”可知句子用一般现在时，且“tea plants”是“被种植”，存在被动关系，一般现在时被动语态结构为“are + 过去分词”，“grow”的过去分词是“grown”。故填are grown。 13．（2025·甘肃张掖·三模）Many road accidents can be (avoid) if we all follow traffic rules. 【答案】avoided 【详解】句意：如果我们都遵守交通规则，许多交通事故是可以避免的。根据“if we all follow traffic rules”以及提示词可知，遵守交通规则，交通事故是可以避免的。avoid“避免”，“road accidents”与“avoid”之间为被动关系，此处为含有情态动词的被动语态，结构为：情态动词+be done，avoid的过去分词形式为avoided。故填avoided。 14．（2025·甘肃张掖·二模）A new bridge will (build) over that river. 【答案】be built 【详解】句意：那条河上将修建一座新桥。句子主语“A new bridge”与动词“build”之间为被动关系（桥被修建），且空格前有“will”，故此处为一般将来时的被动语态，结构为“will be + 过去分词”。“build”的过去分词为“built”，故填be built。 15．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）How beautiful these photos are! I wonder where they (take). 【答案】were taken 【详解】句意：这些照片多美啊！我想知道它们是在哪里拍摄的。根据“How beautiful these photos are! I wonder where they...”以及备选词汇可知，照片是过去被拍摄的，此处需用被动语态“were taken”作谓语，表示“被拍摄”。故填were taken。 二．用所给词的正确形式填空 1.I am__________(interest) in reading books, especially story books which ___________(interest) me a lot because the stories are so ___________(interest). But I have no ___________(interest) in doing sports. It's too bad. 2.Tina is a _____________(care) girl who always does homework _____________(care). But Tony is a _____________(care) boy who usually makes mistakes in the exercises. 3.Dave feels interested in _____________(science) experiments a lot and works really hard on ____________(science). It is his dream to be a great _____________(science) like Yang Zhenning when he grows up. 4. My classmate Ma Tao is a _____________(love) boy. He loves telling jokes to us. He also likes _____________(art) very much. He wants to be an _____________(art) when he grows up. 5.When I have _____________(difficult) in working out the _____________(difficult) maths problems, my friend Mei who is _____________(real) helpful always helps me work out. I think she is a _____________(real) friend to me. 6.Lingling's father is a ___________(work). He works very hard. Lingling is also a hard ___________(work) girl. Her father is really proud of her hard ___________(work) at her lessons. 7. Alan stayed up so late that he felt _____________(sleep) the next morning. Before the bell rang, he had fallen _____________(sleep) in the fourth class this morning. It's quite important to have a good _____________(sleep) at night. 8.I _____________(win) the photo competition and the headmaster presented the prize to me. As a_____________(win). I will work harder. 【答案】1. interested, interest, interesting, interest2. careful, carefully, careless3. scientific, science, scientist 4. lovely, art, artist5. difficulties, difficult, really, real6. worker, working, work7. sleepy, asleep, sleep8. won, winner 三．语法填空 （2024·山东济南·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last week I competed in the school spelling bee. This vocabulary competition 1 (hold) at our school every year. This year was the first time 2 me to take part in it. We all sat in three rows on the stage. When I looked up, I saw that the whole school had come 3 (watch) us take turns to spell words aloud. Suddenly, I felt very nervous. Soon, the spelling bee began. One at a time, each of 4 (we) stood at the microphone in the center of the stage. The judge (裁判) pronounced a word slowly. You had to spell it 5 (correct) to stay in the contest. The judge began with a list of easy words, but soon the words got 6 (hard). I had to spell the word “acrobat”. I tried. I tried to picture it in my mind. Then I started to spell aloud, 7 I said the letter “k” instead of “e”. As soon as I said the wrong letter, I knew I had made 8 mistake. But it was too late! I still smiled as I left the stage. My classmates 9 (cheer) to show they were proud of how hard I had tried. Of course, I was a little disappointed that I did not win, but 10 (try) again next year! 【答案】 1．is held 2．for 3．to watch 4．us 5．correctly 6．harder 7．but 8．a 9．cheered 10．will try 【导语】本文主要介绍了上周作者参加了学校的拼字比赛。 1．句意：这个词汇竞赛每年在学校举行。主语This vocabulary competition和谓语hold“举行”之间是被动关系，根据“every year”可知此处用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”，主语是单数，be动词用is。故填is held。 2．句意：今年是我首次参加。根据“the first time...me to take part in it”可知是指对于作者来说是第一次参加，用介词for“对于”。故填for。 3．句意：当我抬头看时，我看见全校的人都来观看我们轮流大声拼写单词。“来”的目的是“看我们轮流大声拼写单词”，作目的状语用动词不定式。故填to watch。 4．句意：我们一个接一个地站在舞台中央的麦克风前。作介词of的宾语用代词宾格us“我们”。故填us。 5．句意：你必须正确拼写才能留在比赛中。修饰动词spell应用副词correctly“正确地”。故填correctly。 6．句意：裁判从一列表简单的单词开始，但很快单词变得更难了。根据“The judge began with a list of easy words, but soon the words got”可知是慢慢地变难了，故此处用比较级harder“更难的”。故填harder。 7．句意：然后我开始大声拼写，但我说出了字母“k”而不是“e”。前后是转折关系，用but连接。故填but。 8．句意：我一说出错误的字母，我就知道我已经犯了一个错误。make a mistake“犯错”，固定短语。故填a。 9．句意：我的同学欢呼以表示他们为我尽力而感到骄傲。根据“smiled”可知句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式cheered“欢呼”。故填cheered。 10．句意：当然，我没有赢，我有点失望，但明年我会再试一次！根据“next year”可知句子用一般将来时“will do”。故填will try。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $