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Unit 4 Problems and advice 词汇、短语和句型背记 一、核心词汇 英文单词 音标 中文释义 词性 备注(常见搭配/例句提示) online / n la n/ 在线的 adj. 搭配online newspaper(在线报纸)、online post(网上帖子),例:Many teenagers write online posts to ask for advice.(很多青少年发网上帖子求助) model / m dl/ 模特儿 n. 搭配fashion model(时装模特)、want to be a model(想当模特),例:Jolin dreams of being a fashion model.(乔琳梦想成为时装模特) diet / da t/ 规定饮食;节食 n. 搭配be on a diet(节食)、go on a diet(开始节食),例:She’s always on a diet because she thinks she’s fat.(她总在节食,因为觉得自己胖) regret /r gret/ 懊悔;遗憾 v./n. 搭配regret doing sth.(后悔做某事)、feel regret(感到懊悔),例:He regrets not helping the sick lady.(他后悔没帮助那位生病的女士) ashamed / e md/ 惭愧的;羞愧的 adj. 搭配feel ashamed of(为……感到惭愧)、be ashamed to do sth.(羞于做某事),例:She feels ashamed of her rude behaviour.(她为自己的粗鲁行为感到惭愧) braces / bre s z/ (儿童)牙箍 n.(pl.) 搭配wear braces(戴牙箍)、take off braces(取下牙箍),例:Simon hates wearing braces because his friends laugh at him.(西蒙讨厌戴牙箍,因为朋友们会嘲笑他) advantage / d v nt d / 优势;好处 n. 搭配have an advantage(有优势)、see the advantage(看到好处),例:I don’t see any advantage in wearing braces.(我没看出戴牙箍有什么好处) embarrassed / m b r st/ 窘迫的;尴尬的 adj. 搭配feel embarrassed(感到尴尬)、be embarrassed to do sth.(做某事感到尴尬),例:He feels embarrassed when he smiles with braces.(他戴牙箍微笑时会感到尴尬) mad /m d/ 很生气;气愤 adj. 搭配drive sb. mad(让某人心烦意乱)、be mad at sb.(对某人心气),例:Her sister’s noise drives her mad.(她姐姐的噪音让她抓狂) mess /mes/ 杂乱;不整洁 n. 搭配make a mess(搞得一团糟)、in a mess(乱糟糟),例:She always makes a mess in the shared room.(她总把共用房间搞得一团糟) annoying / n / 使生气的;讨厌的 adj. 搭配an annoying habit(令人讨厌的习惯)、feel annoyed(感到生气),例:His annoying questions make me angry.(他那些讨厌的问题让我生气) polite /p la t/ 有礼貌的 adj. 搭配be polite to sb.(对某人有礼貌)、polite behaviour(礼貌的行为),例:He is a polite student at school.(他在学校是个有礼貌的学生) none /n n/ 没有一个;毫无 pron. 搭配none of one’s business(与某人无关)、none of the above(以上都不是),例:My parents said it was none of my business.(我父母说这不关我的事) 二、重点短语 英文短语 中文释义 搭配/例句 be on a diet 节食 She’s been on a diet for a month, but she’s getting too thin.(她已经节食一个月了,但变得太瘦了) laugh at 嘲笑;取笑 Don’t laugh at others’ shortcomings—be kind.(别嘲笑别人的缺点,要善良) feel ashamed of 为……感到惭愧 He feels ashamed of himself for not helping the sick lady.(他为没帮助那位生病的女士而自责) drive sb. mad 让某人心烦意乱;使某人抓狂 My little brother’s constant crying drives me mad.(我弟弟不停的哭声让我抓狂) make a mess 搞得一团糟 The child made a mess with toys all over the floor.(孩子把玩具扔得满地都是,搞得一团糟) out of place 格格不入;不自在 He feels out of place in the new class because he doesn’t know anyone.(他在新班级里感到格格不入,因为谁都不认识) have a habit of 有……的习惯 She has a habit of playing the piano when I’m studying.(她有在我学习时弹钢琴的习惯) take sth. without telling sb. 没告知某人就拿走某物 He always takes my books without telling me.(他总没告知我就拿走我的书) ask for advice 寻求建议 If you have problems, you can ask your teachers for advice.(如果你有问题,可以向老师寻求建议) give advice 给出建议 Aunt Linda often gives advice to teenagers with problems.(琳达阿姨经常给有问题的青少年提建议) 三、核心句型 句型结构 中文释义 例句 备注(用法说明) 表达担忧:I’m worried about + 名词/代词/动名词. 我担心……。 I’m worried about my friend Jolin—she’s too thin.(我担心我的朋友乔琳,她太瘦了) 单元核心句型,适配求助场景 描述问题:She/He has a habit of + 动名词. 她/他有……的习惯。 My sister has a habit of taking my things without asking.(我姐姐有不问就拿我东西的习惯) 贴合单元“人际矛盾”类问题 寻求建议:What should I do (in this situation)? (这种情况下)我该怎么办? I don’t know how to help her. What should I do?(我不知道怎么帮她,我该怎么办?) 适配口语和写作求助场景 给出建议:You should + 动词原形. / You shouldn’t + 动词原形. 你应该……。/ 你不应该……。 You should talk to her calmly. / You shouldn’t laugh at her.(你应该冷静地和她谈。/ 你不应该嘲笑她) 直接明了的建议表达 表达感受:I feel + 形容词 + because + 从句. 我感到……,因为……。 I feel embarrassed because my friends make fun of my braces.(我感到尴尬,因为朋友们嘲笑我的牙箍) 强化问题与感受的关联 说明原因:She/He does sth. because + 从句. 她/他做某事是因为……。 Jolin is on a diet because she wants to be a model.(乔琳节食是因为她想当模特) 适配问题根源分析 四、语法拓展:句子成分(主语、谓语、宾语、补语、状语)(单元核心考点) 核心句子成分详解 成分 定义 示例(单元例句拆解) 主语(S) 句子描述的主体,通常是人、物或抽象概念 - 名词作主语:The braces(主语) hurt my teeth.(牙箍伤到了我的牙齿)- 代词作主语:She(主语) has to share a room with her sister.(她不得不和姐姐共用一个房间) 谓语(V) 表示主语的动作或状态 - 实义动词作谓语:He(S) regrets(V) not helping the lady.(他后悔没帮助那位女士)- 系动词作谓语:She(S) feels(V) embarrassed.(她感到尴尬) 宾语(O) 动作的承受者,分直接宾语(DO,动作直接对象)和间接宾语(IO,动作间接对象) - 直接宾语:I(S) saw(V) a sick lady(DO).(我看到一位生病的女士)- 双宾语:The braces(S) brought(V) me(IO) so much trouble(DO).(牙箍给我带来了很多麻烦) 补语(C) 补充说明主语或宾语的特征、状态,分主语补语(跟在系动词后)和宾语补语(跟在宾语后) - 主语补语:She(S) is(V) mad(C).(她很生气)- 宾语补语:Her sister(S) makes(V) her(O) mad(C).(她姐姐让她抓狂) 状语(A) 补充说明动作的时间、地点、原因、方式等 - 时间状语:I saw her(S+V+O) yesterday(A).(我昨天看到了她)- 原因状语:He feels ashamed(S+V+C) because he did nothing(A).(他因为什么都没做而感到惭愧) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $