基础语法点常考集主动语态和被动语态 课件-2026届高三英语一轮复习专项
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摘要:
该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦主动与被动语态核心考点,依据高考评价体系梳理了不同时态被动结构、情态动词被动、双宾语及短语动词被动等高考高频考点,通过分析语法填空、短文改错、书面表达中的考点分布,构建了“概念-结构-转换-应用”的完整复习体系。
课件亮点在于“易错突破+思维建模+实战训练”的备考策略,如通过五大易错点(漏be动词、误用不及物动词等)分析培养学生思维品质,用“四步转换法”提升语言能力,结合高考真题式练习(如语法填空被动填空、短文改错被动纠错),帮助学生熟练掌握答题技巧,教师可据此精准指导,助力学生高效冲刺高考。
内容正文:
汇报人: 一朵小红花
2026年01月05日
高中语法点常考集
——主动语态和被动语态
CONTENTS
目录
01
语态基本概念
02
被动语态结构
03
被动语态的特殊情况
04
主动被动转换
05
综合应用与辨析
练习
06
语态基本概念
01
【什么是语态?】
核心定义:语态表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
两种语态:
1主动语态:主语是动作的执行者
2被动语态:主语是动作的承受者
【什么是语态?】
主动语态: 猫 → 吃 → 鱼
(主语) (动作) (宾语)
被动语态: 鱼 → 被吃 → 被猫
(主语) (动作) (by+执行者)
一句话理解:谁做的 → 主动 谁被做 → 被动
【为什么要用被动语态?】
——被动语态的四大使用场景
1❓ 不知道动作执行者
My bike was stolen yesterday.(不知道谁偷的)
2👤 不必指出执行者
English is spoken in many countries.(不必说谁讲英语)
【为什么要用被动语态?】
——被动语态的四大使用场景
3🎯 强调动作承受者
The Great Wall was built over 2,000 years ago.(强调长城)
4💬 出于礼貌或委婉
Some mistakes were made in the report.(避免指出责任人)
被动语态结构
02
被动语态结构
核心公式:be + 过去分词
例句展示:
- 一般现在时:The room is cleaned every day.
- 一般过去时:The window was broken yesterday.
- 一般将来时:The work will be finished tomorrow.
被动语态结构
核心公式:be + 过去分词
注意:
1.be动词:随时态、人称变化
2.过去分词:规则变化+ed,不规则需记忆
重要原则:⚠️ be动词随时态变,过去分词永不变
不同时态的被动语态
含情态动词的被动语态
结构: 情态动词 + be + 过去分词
常见情态动词被动形式:
- can → can be done
- must → must be done
- should → should be done
- may → may be done
- might → might be done
含情态动词的被动语态
例句对比:
- 主动:We must finish the work today.
- 被动:The work must be finished today.
否定形式:
- 主动:You should not do it.
- 被动:It should not be done.
疑问形式:
- Can the problem be solved?
被动语态的特殊情况
03
不及物动词与被动语态
不能用于被动的动词类型
1不及物动词(无宾语)
❌ The accident was happened last night.
✅ The accident happened last night.
不及物动词与被动语态
不能用于被动的动词类型
2连系动词
❌ The flowers are been beautiful.
✅ The flowers are beautiful.
不及物动词与被动语态
不能用于被动的动词类型
3表示"拥有"的动词
❌ A car is had by him.
✅ He has a car.
不及物动词与被动语态
不能用于被动的动词类型
4表示"适合"的动词
❌ This dress isn't fitted by me.
✅ This dress doesn't fit me.
快速判断:动词后面没有宾语 → 不能用被动语态。
双宾语动词的被动语态
双宾语结构: 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
两种被动形式:
1间接宾语变主语(更常见)
主动:He gave me a book.
被动:I was given a book (by him).
双宾语动词的被动语态
2直接宾语变主语
主动:He gave me a book.
被动:A book was given to me (by him).
常见双宾语动词:
give, lend, tell, teach, show, buy, send, offer等
注意:直接宾语变主语时,间接宾语前要加to或for。
短语动词的被动语态
常见短语动词被动:
1动词+介词
主动:They looked after the child.
被动:The child was looked after.
短语动词的被动语态
2动词+副词
主动:They put off the meeting.
被动:The meeting was put off.
短语动词的被动语态
3动词+副词+介词
主动:We must do away with bad habits.
被动:Bad habits must be done away with.
by短语的省略与保留
——使用by短语的情况:
1强调动作执行者
This novel was written by Lu Xun.
2执行者是重要信息
The law was passed by the government.
by短语的省略与保留
——省略by短语的情况:
1不知道执行者
My wallet was stolen.(不知道谁偷的)
2执行者不重要
English is spoken here.(谁说不重要)
by短语的省略与保留
——省略by短语的情况:
3执行者很明显
He was elected president.(选民选举的)
4出于礼貌
Some mistakes were made.(不指出责任人)
主动被动转换
04
主动被动转换的步骤
第一步:找宾语
↓
第二步:宾变主
↓
第三步:谓变动(be + 过分)
↓
第四步:主变宾(加by,可省略)
主动被动转换的步骤
分步示例:
- 主动:Mary writes a letter every day.
1. 找宾语:a letter
2. 宾变主:A letter...
3. 谓变被动:...is written...
4. 主变宾:...by Mary.
- 被动:A letter is written by Mary every day.
被动变主动的步骤
第一步:找by短语(或推断执行者)
↓
第二步:by宾变主
↓
第三步:谓还原(去掉be,过分变原形/适当时态)
↓
第四步:主变宾
主动被动转换的步骤
分步示例:
- 被动:The cake was eaten by Tom.
1. 找by短语:by Tom
2. by宾变主:Tom...
3. 谓还原:...ate...
4. 主变宾:...the cake.
- 主动:Tom ate the cake.
练习:主动被动转换小测试
People speak English all over the world.
→ English ______ all over the world.
is spoken(一般现在时被动)
练习:主动被动转换小测试
They are building a new bridge now.
→ A new bridge ______ now.
is being built(现在进行时被动)
练习:主动被动转换小测试
You must finish the work today.
→ The work ______ today.
must be finished(情态动词被动)
综合应用与辨析
05
主被动语态对比表
被动语态五大易错点
1漏掉be动词
❌ The book published last year.
✅ The book was published last year.
被动语态五大易错点
2误用不及物动词
❌ The accident was happened.
✅ The accident happened.
被动语态五大易错点
3弄错过去分词
❌ The letter was wrote by him.
✅ The letter was written by him.
被动语态五大易错点
4分裂短语动词
❌ The children are looked well after.
✅ The children are looked after well.
被动语态五大易错点
5时态与语态混淆
❌ The house is built last year.(时态错误)
✅ The house was built last year.
避错口诀:被动必有be,不及物不被动,短语不分家,时态要一致。
何时使用被动语态?
需要强调动作承受者吗?
│
├─ 是 → 用被动语态
│
└─ 否 → 知道动作执行者吗?
│
├─ 知道 → 需要用被动吗?
│ ├─ 是(礼貌/正式)→ 用被动
│ └─ 否 → 用主动
│
└─ 不知道 → 用被动语态
语态题目四步解题法
开始解题
↓
判断动词是否及物
├─ 不及物 → 不能用被动
└─ 及物 → 继续判断
↓
找句子主语
↓
判断主语是执行者还是承受者
├─ 执行者 → 主动语态
└─ 承受者 → 被动语态
↓
确定时态
↓
选择正确的be动词形式
↓
检查过去分词是否正确
综合练习
06
English ______ all over the world.
A. speaks
B. is spoken
C. spoken
D. has spoken
综合练习
答案: B
解析: 主语English是动作的承受者,应该用被动语态。一般现在时的被动语态结构为:am/is/are + 过去分词。
The Great Wall ______ thousands of years ago.
A. built
B. was built
C. has built
D. is built
综合练习
答案: B
解析: thousands of years ago是过去时间状语,用一般过去时。主语The Great Wall是动作的承受者,用被动语态。结构为:was/were + 过去分词。
A new hospital ______ in our city next year.
A. will build
B. will be built
C. is built
D. built
综合练习
答案: B
解析: next year表示将来时间,用一般将来时。主语A new hospital是动作的承受者,用被动语态。结构为:will be + 过去分词。
Look! The road ______ now.
A. repairs
B. is repaired
C. is being repaired
D. has repaired
综合练习
答案: C
解析: Look!和now表示此刻正在进行,用现在进行时。主语The road是动作的承受者,用被动语态。结构为:am/is/are being + 过去分词。
The work ______ already.
A. has finished
B. has been finished
C. finished
D. is finished
综合练习
答案: B
解析: already常用于现在完成时。主语The work是动作的承受者,用被动语态。结构为:have/has been + 过去分词。
The rules must ______ strictly.
A. obey
B. obeyed
C. be obeyed
D. being obeyed
综合练习
答案: C
解析: 情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词 + be + 过去分词。must be obeyed表示"必须被遵守"。
I was ______ a gift on my birthday.
A. given
B. gave
C. giving
D. gives
综合练习
答案: A
解析: give是双宾语动词,有两种被动形式。这里I是间接宾语变主语,用被动语态。结构为:was given
The children are well ______.
A. look after
B. looked after
C. looking after
D. looks after
综合练习
答案: B
解析: look after是短语动词,被动语态中要作为一个整体。结构为:are looked after。
This beautiful song ______ by a famous singer.
A. sings
B. sang
C. is singing
D. is sung
综合练习
答案: D
解析: by a famous singer表明执行者,应该用被动语态。一般现在时的被动语态:is sung。
The door ______. Could you close it?
A. opens
B. is opened
C. has opened
D. opened
综合练习
答案: A
解析: 这里door是自己开的,表示门的状态或特性,用主动语态表被动意义。类似用法的动词还有:sell, wash, read等。
The letter ______ (write) by Tom yesterday.
综合练习
答案: B
解析: 主语English是动作的承受者,应该用被动语态。一般现在时的被动语态结构为:am/is/are + 过去分词。
The house ______ (paint) at the moment.
综合练习
答案: is being painted
解析: at the moment表示此刻正在进行,主语The house是动作的承受者,用现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are being + 过去分词
The meeting ______ (hold) next Monday.
综合练习
will be held
解析: next Monday表示将来时间,主语The meeting是动作的承受者,用一般将来时的被动语态:will be + 过去分词。
All the tickets ______ (sell) out already.
综合练习
答案: have been sold
解析: already常用于现在完成时,主语All the tickets是复数,用have been sold。现在完成时的被动语态:have/has been + 过去分词。
Homework ______ (must, finish) on time.
综合练习
答案: must be finished
解析: 情态动词的被动语态结构:情态动词 + be + 过去分词。主语Homework是动作的承受者。
When I passed by, the car ______ (repair).
综合练习
答案: was being repaired
解析: When I passed by表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作,主语the car是动作的承受者,用过去进行时的被动语态:was/were being + 过去分词。
He ______ (offer) a good job last week.
综合练习
答案: was offered
解析: offer是双宾语动词,这里主语He是间接宾语变主语。last week表示过去时间,用一般过去时的被动语态:was offered。
The plan should ______ (carry out) carefully.
综合练习
答案: be carried out
解析: carry out是短语动词,被动语态中要作为一个整体。情态动词should的被动语态:should be carried out
The novel ______ (translate) into many languages by the writer.
综合练习
答案: has been translated
解析: by the writer表明执行者,用被动语态。into many languages表示结果,用现在完成时更合适:has been translated。
This kind of cloth ______ (wash) easily.
综合练习
答案: washes
解析: 这里表示这种布料的特性(容易洗),用主动语态表被动意义。类似动词:sell, read, write等。
改错题
题目: The accident was happened last night.
综合练习
答案: 将"was happened"改为"happened"
解析: happen是不及物动词,没有被动语态。应该用主动语态。
改错题
题目: The book is writing by a famous author.
综合练习
答案: 将"writing"改为"written"
解析: 被动语态的结构是be + 过去分词,write的过去分词是written。
改错题
题目: The problem must be solve immediately.
综合练习
答案: 将"solve"改为"solved"
解析: 情态动词的被动语态结构:情态动词 + be + 过去分词。solve的过去分词是solved。
语态转换(主动变被动)
题目: People speak English in many countries.
→ English ______ in many countries.
综合练习
答案: is spoken
解析: 主语English是动作的承受者,用被动语态。一般现在时的被动语态:is spoken。
语态转换(双宾语动词)
题目: He gave me a book. 改为两种被动语态:
I ______ a book.
A book ______ me.
综合练习
答案:
was given
was given to
解析: give是双宾语动词,有两种被动形式:
间接宾语变主语:I was given a book.
直接宾语变主语:A book was given to me.(注意要加to)
语态转换(主动变被动)
题目: They are building a new school in our town.
→ A new school ______ in our town.
综合练习
答案: is being built
解析: 主语A new school是动作的承受者,用被动语态。现在进行时的被动语态:is being built。
语态转换(主动变被动)
题目: We will finish the work tomorrow.
→ The work ______ tomorrow.
综合练习
答案: will be finished
解析: 主语The work是动作的承受者,用被动语态。一般将来时的被动语态:will be finished。
语态转换(主动变被动)
题目: You must do the exercise carefully.
→ The exercise ______ carefully.
综合练习
答案: must be done
解析: 主语The exercise是动作的承受者,用被动语态。情态动词的被动语态:must be done。
语态转换(被动变主动)
题目: The letter was written by Mary.
→ ______ the letter.
综合练习
答案: Mary wrote
解析: by Mary表明执行者,在主动语态中作主语。一般过去时的主动语态:Mary wrote。
语态转换(被动变主动)
题目: The car is being washed by my father.
→ My father ______ the car.
综合练习
答案: is washing
解析: by my father表明执行者,在主动语态中作主语。现在进行时的主动语态:is washing。
谢谢
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