专题17 句子成分、基础句型、构词法 (复习讲义)(福建专用)2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

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该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦“句子成分、基础句型、构词法”三大核心考点,依据中考命题规律构建“考情剖析-思维导图-考点通关-优题精选”复习体系,通过系统梳理句子成分分类、五种基本句型结构及构词法三类方法,结合考点解析与真题训练,帮助学生突破语法难点,体现复习的系统性与针对性。 亮点在于运用思维导图构建知识网络,如句子成分与基本句型的关联图示,培养学生思维品质;构词法部分通过表格归纳前缀后缀规律,提升语言能力。特设分层练习与真题精讲,如内江模拟题中句子成分辨析实例,助力学生高效掌握考点,教师可据此精准把控复习节奏,提升学生应考能力。

内容正文:

专题17 句子成分、基础句型、构词法 目录 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 思维导图·网络构建 2 考点通关·靶向突破 3 考点一 句子成分 3 考点二 基本句型 8 考点三 构词法 10 优题精选·练能提分 14 考点 课标要求 复习目标 数词 复习中考对于句子成分、基础句型、构词法考查的重点,主要构词法的用法 1. 熟练掌握“句子成分、基础句型、构词法”的知识要点 2. 能够在具体情境中正确理解应用“句子成分、基础句型、构词法”,进行交流表达并解决实际问题。 易混点辨析 易混构词法用法 命题预测 主要有以下命题角度:句子成分、基础句型、构词法 主要在单项选择、完形填空、看图写话和语法填空中考查。 考点一 句子成分 英语句子由多个部分构成,各部分在句子中起着不同的作用,这些构成句子的不同部分被称为句子成分。 (一)主语 1. 概念和位置:句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,通常位于句首。 2. 充当:通常由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。 3. 语序:(1)正常:主语+谓语 (2)全部倒装:谓语+主语 (3)部分倒装:情态动词/助动词+主语+实义动词 David arrived last night.(名词作主语) That's OK. (代词) Two will be enough.(数词) To do morning exercises is good for our health.(不定式) Seeing is believing.(动名词) The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country.(名词化的形容词) What he said is not true.(主语从句) (二)谓语 1. 概念和位置: 表示主语的动作或状态,有简单谓语动词和复合谓语动词之分。一般位于主语之后。谓语有时态与语态的变化,同时受到句子主语的单复数和人称的制约,如果主语是单数形式,谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式。 2. 充当:一般由动词短语、系动词、动词、“情态动词/助动词+实义动词”结构等充当 (1)由单一动词V.做谓语 We are Chinese. 我们是中国人。 (2)情态V. + V原 He can speak English well. 他能说一口好英语。 (3)助V. +V. I have seen this man before. 我之前见过这个男人。 (三)宾语 1. 概念:表示及物动词和及物动词短语的动作对象或内容,或用于介词后构成介词短语;有的动词后可以跟两个宾语,其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语,把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语。 2. 位置: 位于及物动词或介词之后。 3. 充当:通常由名词、数词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。 (1)名词或相当于名词的短语 I accepted your wise advice. 我接受你明智的建议。 (2)代词或相当于代词的短语 All of us like him. 我们所有人都喜欢他。 (3)数词或数词短语 Give me four. 给我四个。 (4)the + 形容词表示一类人 They teach the blind to read. 他们教盲人阅读。 (5)不定式或不定式短语 He began to learn English a year ago. 他一年前开始学英语。 He did not know what to say. 他不知道该说什么。 (6) 动名词或动名词短语 He is used to working at night. 他习惯在晚上工作。 This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 (7) 从句 I think that he is right. 我认为他是对的。 (四)表语 1. 概念: 说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份,与系动词一起构成复合谓语。又称主语补足语。 2. 位置:位于系动词之后。 3. 充当:通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句等充当。 (1)形容词 I feel much better today. 我今天觉得好多了。 (2)代词 The book is mine. 这本书是我的。 (3)名词或名词所有格 They are my students. 他们是我的学生。 (4)数词 His telephone number is 88888888. 他的电话号码是88888888. (5)副词 They are over there. 他们在那边。 (6)介词短语 They are in trouble. 他们遇到麻烦了。 (7)不定式短语 My dream is to go to college. 我的梦想是上大学。 (8)动词ing短语 His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是收集邮票。 (9)过去分词短语 My camera is broken. 我的相机坏了。 (10)从句 The truth is what he said just now. 事实就是他刚才说的那样。 (五)定语 1. 概念:修饰或限定名词或代词的成分叫定语。定语有前置定语和后置定语。 2. 位置: (1)形容词、数词、代词、名词等作定语时一般放于被修饰词之前,但是在修饰any-,some-,no, every-等构成的单词,如something 等时,应放于这些复合不定代词之后进行修饰。 (2)动词不定式、副词、介词短语、从句等作定语时一般放于被修饰词之后。 3. 充当:定语通常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词或名词所有格、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句充当。 (1)形容词或相同于形容词的结构 He is a kind-hearted man. 他是一个热心的人。 (2)冠词或代词 My father was washing his car. 他的父亲在洗他的车。 (3)名词或名词所有格 He bought a coffee cup yesterday. 他昨天买了一个咖啡杯。 (4)数词 You are the first one here. 你是这的第一个。 (5)副词 The boy there needs a pen. 那边的男孩需要一支笔。 (6)介词短语 Do you know the boy in the first row? 你知道那个第一排的男孩吗? (7)不定式短语 I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。 (8)动词ing短语 Let me tell you a moving story. 让我给你讲一个感人的故事。 (9)过去分词短语 The boy needs a pencil bought by his mother. 这个男孩需要一只他妈妈买的铅笔。 (10)从句 The meeting that you have missed yesterday was very important. 这个你昨天错过的会议非常重要。 (六)状语 1. 概念:修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、伴随、条件、程度、让步等。 2. 位置: 状语位置灵活。修饰整个句子时放于句首;修饰形容词或副词时放于其后;表时间、目的、地点状语时常放于主句之前或之后,若强调时则应放于主句之前;频度副词如almost、often 等作状语常放于be 动词、情态动词之后,放于实义动词之前。 3. 充当:通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、形容词和从句等充当。 (1)副词或副词短语作状语 He speaks English very well. 他英语说得很好。 (2)介词短语作状语 The boy was praised for his bravery. 这个男孩的勇气得到了称赞。 (3)动词不定式短语 The box is too heavy for me to lift. 这个盒子重到我拿不起来。 (4)动词ing短语 Wearing a pair of sunglasses, he went out. 他戴上一副墨镜,走出去了。 (5)过去分词短语 Written in a hurry, the article was not so good. 这个文章是匆忙写的,并不是很好。 (6)从句作状语 If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. 如果我明天不忙就和你踢足球。 (七)补语 1. 概念和位置:有些及物动词的宾语后需要添加部分内容对宾语进行补充说明,补语有两种,分别是主语补足语、宾语补足语,用来对主语或宾语进行补充说明。 2. 充当:常由形容词、名词、不定式、分词、副词等充当。 (1) Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaningful. 曹相信这将会使这次徒步旅行更有意义。(形容词做宾补) (2) We sincerely wish you a quick recovery and an early return to China. 我们真诚地希望你能赶快回复并早日返回中国。(名词短语作宾补) (3) Lijiang will make the Chinese culture better known to British students. 丽江使英国学生更好地了解中国文化(过去分词短语作宾补) (八)补语 1. 概念和位置:对句子中某一名词(词组)做进一步解释、说明,与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。 2. 充当:同位语可用名词、代词、名词短语、同位语从句等充当。 This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. 为纪念苏格兰最受爱戴的画家亨利·雷伯恩爵士的生平与作品,此次展览展出了六十多幅杰作,来的伦敦展览。 My friend, Mary, bought a beautiful dress in the department last weekend. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 主语 同位语 谓语 定语 宾语 地点状语 时间状语 1.(2023·四川内江·一模)Please call me up as soon as you arrive in Neijiang. A.表语 B.状语 C.定语 D.谓语 2.(2023·四川内江·一模)The boy often drives his parents angry. A.宾语补足语 B.表语 C.主语 D.定语 3.(2023·四川内江·一模)The old man lived in a house with a beautiful garden. A.谓语 B.状语 C.定语 D.主语 4.(2023·四川内江·一模)The leaves have already turned yellow. A.主语 B.定语 C.宾语补足语 D.表语 5.(2023·四川内江·一模)The sun gives us not only light but also heat. A.直接宾语 B.间接宾语 C.宾语补足语 D.状语 6.(2023·四川内江·一模)We often go fishing in the river near my house. A.状语 B.宾语 C.宾补 D.定语 7.(2023·四川内江·一模)When autumn comes, leaves turn yellow. A.主语 B.定语 C.状语 D.表语 8.(2023·四川内江·一模)It’s our duty to keep the classroom clean. A.宾补 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语 9.(2023·四川内江·一模)Why don’t you help Susan do housework? A.主语 B.定语 C.状语 D.谓语 10.(2023·四川内江·一模)I found a cat under the table when I came home. A.主语 B.状语 C.宾语 D.表语 11.(2024·四川内江·二模)She will make her students finish the task in ten minutes. A.表语 B.定语 C.直宾 D.宾补 12.(2024·四川内江·二模)Students aren’t allowed to eat in the classroom. A.谓语 B.状语 C.直宾 D.宾补 13.(2024·四川内江·二模)Tom was doing his homework carefully. A.谓语 B.状语 C.主语 D.宾语 14.(2024·四川内江·二模)The girl with long hair is tall and beautiful. A.谓语 B.状语 C.表语 D.宾语 15.(2024·四川内江·二模)I found my English book yesterday. A.宾语 B.表语 C.主语 D.定语 考点二 基本句型 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 (一)主+谓 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 1. Time flies. 时光飞逝。 2. The moon rose. 月亮升起来了。 3. The man cooked. 这个人做饭了。 4. We all eat, and drink. 我们都吃饭喝水。 5. Everybody laughed. 每个人都笑了。 6. I woke very soon. 我很快就醒了。 7. They talked for half an hour. 他们交谈了半小时。 8. He walked yesterday . 他昨天走路了。 9. He is playing. 他在玩耍。 10. They have gone. 他们走了。 (二)主+系+表 此类句型的谓语动词不能独立表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思,这类动词叫做连系动词。此句型中系+表构成复合谓语,所以主系表也是主谓。 系动词分两类:1. 表示状态的连系动词:be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, stay等。 2. 表示转变或结果的系动词:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, fall, prove等。 (1)This is an English dictionary. 这是一本英语词典。 (2)The dinner smells good. 这顿晚餐闻起来不错。 (3)He felt happy. 他感到开心。 (4)Everything looks different. 一切看起来都不同了。 (5)He is tall and strong. 他又高又壮。 (6)The book is interesting. 这本书很有趣。 (7)The weather became warmer. 天气变暖了。 (8)His face turned red. 他的脸变红了。 (三)主+谓+宾 此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整,这类动词叫做及物动词。 1. Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案? 2. She laugh at her.她对她笑了。 3. He understands English. 他懂英语。 4. He made cakes. 他做了蛋糕。 5. They ate some apples. 他们吃了一些苹果。 6. Danny likes donuts. 丹妮喜欢甜甜圈。 7. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想要一杯茶。 8. He said Good morning. 他说早上好。 (四)主+谓+间宾+直宾 此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。 1. She passed him a new dress. 她给他递了一件新裙子。 2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给他丈夫做了美味的一餐。 3. He brought you a dictionary. 他给你买了一本词典。 4. He bought her nothing. 他没给她买东西。 5. I showed him my pictures. 我向他展示了照片。 6. I gave him a hand. 我帮了他一把。 7. I told her how to run the machine. 我告诉她怎样使用这个机器。 8. He showed me that the bus was late. 他向我表明公交车晚了。 (五)主+谓+宾+宾补 此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。 1. We keep the table clean. 我们使桌子保持干净。 2. They painted the door green.他们把门涂绿了。 3. I saw them getting on the bus.我看到他们上了公交车。 4. They found the house dirty.他们发现房子很脏。 5. What makes him sad? 是什么使他难过了? 6. We saw him out. 我们看到他出去了。 7. He asked me to come back soon. 他让我一会儿回来。 1.(2025·甘肃平凉·三模)The sentence structure of “Tom is playing basketball.” is ________. A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC 2.(2025·甘肃张掖·三模)What is the sentence pattern of the sentence “They are swimming in the river now.”? A.S+V+P B.S+V C.S+V+O D.S+V+O+OC 3.(2025·安徽六安·模拟预测)The sentence structure of “Mr Zhang teaches us English.” is _________. A.S+V+DO B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+P 4.(2025·甘肃张掖·模拟预测)Which is the sentence pattern of “He bought you a dictionary yesterday.”? A.S+V+O B.S+Ⅴ+IO+DO C.S+V D.S+V+O+OC 5.(2025·甘肃·模拟预测)The sentence “He runs fast.” belongs to the structure ________. A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+IO+DO 6.(2025·甘肃张掖·三模)What is the sentence pattern of the sentence “My mother gave me a book.”? A.S+V+O B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V D.S+V+O+OC 7.(2025·江苏宿迁·二模)The structure of the sentence “I find the story very interesting.” is ________  . A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC 8.(2024·甘肃武威·模拟预测)The sentence pattern of “Staying with students brings Jack much pleasure.” is ________. A.S+V B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+O+OC 9.(2025·甘肃张掖·一模)What is the sentence pattern of “The news makes me happy”? A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+OC 10.(2024·甘肃武威·三模)The sentence pattern of “She gave me a present yesterday.” is ________. A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+P 考点三 构词法 合成法 由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词法称为合成法。合成词之间有的要用连字符连接,有的直接连接在一起。 类型 例子 复合名词 bedroom卧室,newspaper报纸,breakfast早餐,blackboard黑板,grandfather(外)祖父,playground操场,bathroom浴室,typewriter打字机,overcoat大衣,afternoon下午,handwriting书法,story­telling讲故事,daybreak破晓, sunrise日出,outbreak爆发,downpour倾盆大雨 复合形容词 worldwide全世界的,homesick想家的,handmade手工制作的,kind­hearted热心肠的,easy­going随和的,good­looking好看的,hard­working勤勉的,well­known著名的,newly­built新建的 复合动词 overcome克服,underline画线,oversleep睡过头,sleepwalk梦游 复合副词 upstairs在楼上,indoors在室内,outdoors在室外,however无论如何 复合代词 anything任何事物, everybody每个人 派生法 在一个词的词根的前面或后面加上某个词缀来产生新词,这种构词法称为派生法。加在前面的词缀叫前缀,加在后面的词缀叫后缀。 (1) 前缀 1. 表示否定。 前缀 意义 例子 un­ 不;非 unlucky不幸运的,unhappy不高兴的,unnecessary不必要的,unusual不同寻常的,unimportant不重要的,unhappily不高兴地,unfortunately不幸地 im­ impossible不可能的,impolite不礼貌的,impatient没有耐心的 in­ incorrect不正确的,informal非正式的,independent独立的 ir­ irregular不规则的,irresponsible不负责任的 il­ illegal非法的 non­ non­stop不停的;直达的,non­smoker不吸烟者 dis­ 相反 disappear消失,dislike不喜欢,disagree不同意,dishonest不诚实的,disagreement意见不一致 mis­ 错误 misfortune不幸,misunderstand误解,misspell拼错 2. 表示程度或大小 前缀 意义 例子 super­ 超级 supermarket超市,superpower超级大国,superman超人 mini­ 小的;短的 minibus 小型公共汽车, miniskirt 超短裙 3. 其他前缀 前缀 意义 例子 a­ 处于……状态或过程中 asleep睡着的,awake醒着的,alive活着的,aside在旁边 anti­ 反对 antiwar反战争的 auto­ 自动的 automobile汽车 en­ 使…… encourage鼓励,enlarge使变大,enrich使富有 fore­ 在……之前 forehead前额,foretell预言 inter­ 之间的 international国际的,Internet互联网 kilo­ 千 kilometer千米,kilogram千克 mid­ 在中间 midnight半夜,midair半空中 pre­ 在……之前 preview预演, prepay预付 re­ 重新,再次 retell复述,review复习,rewrite重写,rebuild重建 tele­ 远程的 telephone电话,telegram电报 vice­ 副的 vice­president副总统,vice­chairman副主席 (2) 后缀 1. 名词后缀 前缀 意义 例子 ­er 从事某种职业的人 player运动员,teacher教师,driver司机,worker 工人 ­or actor演员,director导演, inventor发明家 ­ess 指女性 actress女演员,hostess女主人 ­ese 指民族、语言 Chinese中国人;汉语,Japanese日本人;日语 ­ian 指人 Australian澳大利亚人,Italian意大利人,Indian印度人 ­ist 指人 artist艺术家,pianist钢琴家,novelist小说家,scientist科学家,physicist物理学家 ­ment ……的行为(或结果) movement运动,agreement同意,announcement通告 ­ion 状态、行为、机构等 action行动,invention发明,pollution污染 ­ation invitation 邀请,operation手术,foundation基金会,organization 组织 ­ship 情况、状态等 friendship友谊,leadership领导,relationship关系 ­hood 状态、性质等 childhood童年、幼年,neighborhood附近,街区 ­ing 活动、状态 feeling感觉,dancing舞蹈,meeting会议 ­ness 状态、特点等 happiness幸福,darkness黑暗,illness疾病 ­ance 性质、状况等 performance表演,appearance出现 ­dom 领域、状况等 freedom自由,wisdom智慧,kingdom王国 ­al 过程、状态等 arrival 到达,refusal 拒绝 2. 形容词后缀 前缀 意义 例子 ­ful 充满……的 useful有用的,careful仔细的,helpful有帮助的 ­less 没有,无 careless粗心的,meaningless无意义的,harmless无害的 ­ly 具有……性质;每隔……时间 lovely可爱的,friendly友好的,monthly每月的,weekly每周的 ­y 有……特性的 healthy健康的,noisy吵闹的,rainy多雨的,lucky幸运的,thirsty渴的,sleepy困倦的,cloudy多云的,windy有风的 ­ish 稍有……的;有……性质的 foolish愚蠢的,childish孩子气的 ­able 能……的;具有……性质的 comfortable 舒适的,enjoyable愉快的,changeable易变的 ­ible horrible可怕的,terrible糟糕的 ­ed 状况、心情等 interested感兴趣的,excited感到兴奋的,surprised感到惊讶的,tired 疲倦的,pleased高兴的 ­ing 描述事物 interesting有趣的,exciting令人兴奋的,moving动人的 ­al 与……有关的 natural自然的,personal个人的,musical音乐的 ­ic ……的 electric电的,scientific科学的,plastic塑料的 ­ical medical医学的,chemical 化学的,historical历史的 ­en 表示材料 wooden木制的,golden金制的,woolen羊毛的 ­ern 表示方位 eastern东方的,southern南方的,western西方的 ­ous 表示特点 famous著名的,dangerous危险的 ­ive active积极的,expensive昂贵的,attractive吸引人的 3. 副词后缀 前缀 意义 例子 ­ly 以……方式 happily高兴地,quickly迅速地,freely自由地,politely有礼貌地 ­ward(s) 表示方向 northward(s)向北,downward(s)向下,forward(s)向前 转化法 在词行不变的情况下,一个单词由一种词性转换成另一种词性,称为转换。转换后的词义与转换前的词义通常有密切的联系,但有时差异也很大。 词类转化 例子 名词转化为动词 water n. 水 → v. 浇水 hand n. 手 → v. 传递  color n. 颜色 → v. 染色  book n.书 → v. 预订 show n. 演出,节目 → v. 给……看;展示 动词转化为名词 walk v. 散步;走 → n. 散步(take a walk) look v. 看 → n. 看(have a look) stop v. 停止 → n. 车站(bus stop)  talk v. 谈论 → n. 谈话(have a talk) 形容词转化为名词 daily adj. 日常的→ n. 日报  final adj. 最后(终)的→n. 决赛 形容词转化为动词 slow adj. 慢的→v. 放慢  free adj. 空闲的→v. 释放 clean adj. 干净的→v. 清扫  dry adj. 干燥的→v. 把……弄干 副词转化为动词 down adv. 向下→v. 打倒,击倒 1.(2024·甘肃酒泉·三模)Sometimes they strongly (agree) with each other, so they need to communicate more often. 2.(23-24八年级下·甘肃武威·期末)It is (mean) for us to be a volunteer. 3.(2024·江苏无锡·二模)In Zhuhai Park, you can enjoy the natural beauty, or (simple) breathe the fresh air. 4.(2024·甘肃武威·二模)Reading aloud is (help) to the students who want to improve their English. 5.(2024·江苏无锡·一模)Don’t eat too much at a time, or you’ll feel (comfortable). 6.(2024·江苏泰州·一模)The man who has made up his mind to win will never say “ ”. (possible) 7.(2024·江苏泰州·一模)Before Giant Panda Fu Bao returned to China, thousands of (tour) came to Everland Park to say goodbye to Fu Bao. 8.(2024·上海长宁·二模)People in that city prepared to their houses after the terrible flood. (build) 9.(2024·上海长宁·二模)Experience is a wealth of knowledge and a symbol of . (wise) 10.(23-24九年级下·上海青浦·月考)I am sure she failed in the competition because of the look on her face. (happy) 11.(2023·江苏无锡·二模)The boy (careless) put the cup on the table and it fell down. 12.(2023·内蒙古包头·三模)The never dreamed of having a chance for him to win the first prize in the 100-meter race. (compete) 13.(2023·江苏南京·二模)— Our neighbour next door is putting something on the wall. — It’s (possible) to sleep with all that noise. 14.(2023·江苏扬州·二模)With the money, we have sent many poor children to school. (success) 15.(2023·上海奉贤·二模)It’s very kind of you to help me with my English with great . (patient) 一.单句语法填空 1.(2025·上海虹口·三模)The two groups finally reached an after long discussions. (agree) 2.(2025·上海虹口·三模)The weather here is , with sudden storms and temperature drops. (change) 3.(2025·上海黄浦·二模)Emma’s dream is to become a famous when she grows up. (design) 4.(2025·甘肃定西·二模)Sometimes brothers or sisters will (agree) with each other, but they still care about each other. 5.(24-25七年级下·全国·课后作业)Nothing is (possible) if you put your heart in it. 6.(2023·上海虹口·二模)Poor little girl! It is for her to suffer so much. Let’s give her a hand. (fair) 7.(2023·上海崇明·二模)If we don’t take action to protect the forests, they will soon . (appear) 8.(2023·江苏南京·一模)Li Jun was (lucky) because his car broke down yesterday. 9.(2023·安徽芜湖·一模)You should take an active part in the (discuss). 10.(2022·黑龙江鹤岗·模拟预测)Although Han Li often gets good marks in the exam, she isn’t good at Chinese. It is (possible) for her to be a writer in the future. 11.(2022·西藏拉萨·模拟预测)China is an old (east) country in Asia. 12.(21-22八年级上·江苏盐城·期中)No one was willing to help the old man and he felt (help). 13.(2022·山东临沂·二模)Because of the wolf, everyone in the town is feeling . (easy) 14.(2022·山东临沂·二模)He wrote lots of books for young people. (science) 15.(2022·江苏无锡·三模)It’s hard for kangaroos to walk backwards because of the (usual) shape of their legs. 16.(2022·上海黄浦·二模)The festival is celebrated to welcome the of spring. (arrive) 17.(2022·上海闵行·二模)The weather is a bit these days, so it’s easy to catch a cold. (usual) 18.(2022·上海闵行·二模)It is not surprising that dogs can express themselves and honestly. (clear) 19.(2022·山东临沂·一模)The teacher announced an result that everyone couldn’t believe.(expected) 20.(2022·江苏南京·一模)Qi Baishi, a famous Chinese calligrapher and painter, was regarded as “the people’s (art)”. 21.(2022·上海金山·一模)Our school offers a wide of activities to the students after school. (various) 22.(2022·上海金山·一模)Where can learn more about the West Lake in Hangzhou? (tour) 23.(2022·上海杨浦·一模)One of reading e-books is maybe the lighting or small screen. (advantage) 24.(2022·上海浦东新·一模)To our , our school team won the basketball match again this time!(excited) 25.(2021·江苏泰州·二模)The girl has (common) ability. She always comes up with creative ideas. 二.语法填空 (1) (2025·福建泉州·二模)阅读下面短文,根据语境或所给单词的提示,在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词,要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确,使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 In ancient China, a study necessarily meant reading and writing hanzi. As for this, there were four important tools named the Four Treasures of the Study, which no student could ever afford to be without. Students used 1 (they) to take notes, produce articles, create paintings, or to practice calligraphy(书法). A good brush is 2 first tool. It often has a handle of wood, and it always 3 (use) real animal hair for its brush. For calligraphy, the tip of the brush is often shaped. This allows the brush to be used both to draw small details and wide 4 (line). Another one is the inkstick, which is made by 5 (mix) soot or charcoal(木炭) with some sort of paste. 6 (tradition) inksticks are always black. The inkstick is useless without the next tool, the inkstone. To use an inkstone, an inkstick is pressed into it with water to produce ink. Many of these inkstones are highly 7 (decorate) and considered works of art. The final treasure is paper. Xuan paper, which is produced 8 Anhui Province, is the most famous paper used for writing hanzi. It is loved because it is strong 9 smooth, and easily holds the ink. Today more modern tools are used, but Chinese Four Treasures of the Study are still necessary for anyone who 10 (serious) wants to practice Chinese calligraphy. (2) (2025·福建泉州·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示,在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词,要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确,使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 The word “zhiyin”, which refers to the best friend in Chinese, comes from the story of Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi in the Warring States Period. Boya was a master of guqin which is a Chinese 1 (music) instrument. Although many people praised his 2 (work), he believed that he had never come across anyone who could really understand his music. One day, he was sent on a mission to Chu. On account of a strong wind, he was 3 (force) to stop at the entrance of the Hanyang River. When the wind passed, a full moon appeared, making its slow way through the clouds. He couldn’t help 4 (play) his guqin. A woodcutter named Ziqi happened to pass by and was attracted by the melody. As soon as Boya finished the piece, he heard the woodcutter applauding and cheering. Then Boya invited him on board and played tunes (曲) that described high mountains and flowing water. To 5 (he) surprise, Ziqi could understand 6 (exact) what he wanted to express through his music. Boya was overjoyed and they became good friends. Unluckily, Ziqi died from a disease the next year. Boya was very sad and he played the music in front of Ziqi’s tomb (墓). The feeling of the music was so strong 7 it was as if the rivers and the mountains were crying. When finishing playing, Boya 8 (break) his guqin into pieces, vowing never to play guqin again for the rest of his life. In the Song Dynasty, to be in memory 9 the deep friendship between Boya and Ziqi, people built the Guqin Tai in Hanyang. And then it became 10 important part of the local culture. 21 / 21 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题17 句子成分、基础句型、构词法 目录 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 思维导图·网络构建 2 考点通关·靶向突破 3 考点一 句子成分 3 考点二 基本句型 9 考点三 构词法 13 优题精选·练能提分 19 考点 课标要求 复习目标 数词 复习中考对于句子成分、基础句型、构词法考查的重点,主要构词法的用法 1. 熟练掌握“句子成分、基础句型、构词法”的知识要点 2. 能够在具体情境中正确理解应用“句子成分、基础句型、构词法”,进行交流表达并解决实际问题。 易混点辨析 易混构词法用法 命题预测 主要有以下命题角度:句子成分、基础句型、构词法 主要在单项选择、完形填空、看图写话和语法填空中考查。 考点一 句子成分 英语句子由多个部分构成,各部分在句子中起着不同的作用,这些构成句子的不同部分被称为句子成分。 (一)主语 1. 概念和位置:句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,通常位于句首。 2. 充当:通常由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。 3. 语序:(1)正常:主语+谓语 (2)全部倒装:谓语+主语 (3)部分倒装:情态动词/助动词+主语+实义动词 David arrived last night.(名词作主语) That's OK. (代词) Two will be enough.(数词) To do morning exercises is good for our health.(不定式) Seeing is believing.(动名词) The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country.(名词化的形容词) What he said is not true.(主语从句) (二)谓语 1. 概念和位置: 表示主语的动作或状态,有简单谓语动词和复合谓语动词之分。一般位于主语之后。谓语有时态与语态的变化,同时受到句子主语的单复数和人称的制约,如果主语是单数形式,谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式。 2. 充当:一般由动词短语、系动词、动词、“情态动词/助动词+实义动词”结构等充当 (1)由单一动词V.做谓语 We are Chinese. 我们是中国人。 (2)情态V. + V原 He can speak English well. 他能说一口好英语。 (3)助V. +V. I have seen this man before. 我之前见过这个男人。 (三)宾语 1. 概念:表示及物动词和及物动词短语的动作对象或内容,或用于介词后构成介词短语;有的动词后可以跟两个宾语,其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语,把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语。 2. 位置: 位于及物动词或介词之后。 3. 充当:通常由名词、数词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。 (1)名词或相当于名词的短语 I accepted your wise advice. 我接受你明智的建议。 (2)代词或相当于代词的短语 All of us like him. 我们所有人都喜欢他。 (3)数词或数词短语 Give me four. 给我四个。 (4)the + 形容词表示一类人 They teach the blind to read. 他们教盲人阅读。 (5)不定式或不定式短语 He began to learn English a year ago. 他一年前开始学英语。 He did not know what to say. 他不知道该说什么。 (6) 动名词或动名词短语 He is used to working at night. 他习惯在晚上工作。 This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 (7) 从句 I think that he is right. 我认为他是对的。 (四)表语 1. 概念: 说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份,与系动词一起构成复合谓语。又称主语补足语。 2. 位置:位于系动词之后。 3. 充当:通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句等充当。 (1)形容词 I feel much better today. 我今天觉得好多了。 (2)代词 The book is mine. 这本书是我的。 (3)名词或名词所有格 They are my students. 他们是我的学生。 (4)数词 His telephone number is 88888888. 他的电话号码是88888888. (5)副词 They are over there. 他们在那边。 (6)介词短语 They are in trouble. 他们遇到麻烦了。 (7)不定式短语 My dream is to go to college. 我的梦想是上大学。 (8)动词ing短语 His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是收集邮票。 (9)过去分词短语 My camera is broken. 我的相机坏了。 (10)从句 The truth is what he said just now. 事实就是他刚才说的那样。 (五)定语 1. 概念:修饰或限定名词或代词的成分叫定语。定语有前置定语和后置定语。 2. 位置: (1)形容词、数词、代词、名词等作定语时一般放于被修饰词之前,但是在修饰any-,some-,no, every-等构成的单词,如something 等时,应放于这些复合不定代词之后进行修饰。 (2)动词不定式、副词、介词短语、从句等作定语时一般放于被修饰词之后。 3. 充当:定语通常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词或名词所有格、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句充当。 (1)形容词或相同于形容词的结构 He is a kind-hearted man. 他是一个热心的人。 (2)冠词或代词 My father was washing his car. 他的父亲在洗他的车。 (3)名词或名词所有格 He bought a coffee cup yesterday. 他昨天买了一个咖啡杯。 (4)数词 You are the first one here. 你是这的第一个。 (5)副词 The boy there needs a pen. 那边的男孩需要一支笔。 (6)介词短语 Do you know the boy in the first row? 你知道那个第一排的男孩吗? (7)不定式短语 I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。 (8)动词ing短语 Let me tell you a moving story. 让我给你讲一个感人的故事。 (9)过去分词短语 The boy needs a pencil bought by his mother. 这个男孩需要一只他妈妈买的铅笔。 (10)从句 The meeting that you have missed yesterday was very important. 这个你昨天错过的会议非常重要。 (六)状语 1. 概念:修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、伴随、条件、程度、让步等。 2. 位置: 状语位置灵活。修饰整个句子时放于句首;修饰形容词或副词时放于其后;表时间、目的、地点状语时常放于主句之前或之后,若强调时则应放于主句之前;频度副词如almost、often 等作状语常放于be 动词、情态动词之后,放于实义动词之前。 3. 充当:通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、形容词和从句等充当。 (1)副词或副词短语作状语 He speaks English very well. 他英语说得很好。 (2)介词短语作状语 The boy was praised for his bravery. 这个男孩的勇气得到了称赞。 (3)动词不定式短语 The box is too heavy for me to lift. 这个盒子重到我拿不起来。 (4)动词ing短语 Wearing a pair of sunglasses, he went out. 他戴上一副墨镜,走出去了。 (5)过去分词短语 Written in a hurry, the article was not so good. 这个文章是匆忙写的,并不是很好。 (6)从句作状语 If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. 如果我明天不忙就和你踢足球。 (七)补语 1. 概念和位置:有些及物动词的宾语后需要添加部分内容对宾语进行补充说明,补语有两种,分别是主语补足语、宾语补足语,用来对主语或宾语进行补充说明。 2. 充当:常由形容词、名词、不定式、分词、副词等充当。 (1) Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaningful. 曹相信这将会使这次徒步旅行更有意义。(形容词做宾补) (2) We sincerely wish you a quick recovery and an early return to China. 我们真诚地希望你能赶快回复并早日返回中国。(名词短语作宾补) (3) Lijiang will make the Chinese culture better known to British students. 丽江使英国学生更好地了解中国文化(过去分词短语作宾补) (八)补语 1. 概念和位置:对句子中某一名词(词组)做进一步解释、说明,与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。 2. 充当:同位语可用名词、代词、名词短语、同位语从句等充当。 This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. 为纪念苏格兰最受爱戴的画家亨利·雷伯恩爵士的生平与作品,此次展览展出了六十多幅杰作,来的伦敦展览。 My friend, Mary, bought a beautiful dress in the department last weekend. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 主语 同位语 谓语 定语 宾语 地点状语 时间状语 1.(2023·四川内江·一模)Please call me up as soon as you arrive in Neijiang. A.表语 B.状语 C.定语 D.谓语 【答案】B 【详解】句意:请您一到内江就给我打电话。 考查句子成分。根据题干中画线部分,“as soon as”表示“一……就……”,引导时间状语从句,因此画线部分在句中作状语。故选B。 2.(2023·四川内江·一模)The boy often drives his parents angry. A.宾语补足语 B.表语 C.主语 D.定语 【答案】A 【详解】句意:这个男孩经常让他的父母生气。 考查句子成分。根据分析句子“The boy often drives his parents angry.”可知,该句句子结构为“主+谓+宾+宾补”,The boy作主语;drives作谓语;his parents作宾语;angry作宾语补足语。故选A。 3.(2023·四川内江·一模)The old man lived in a house with a beautiful garden. A.谓语 B.状语 C.定语 D.主语 【答案】C 【详解】句意:这位老人住在一座带有美丽花园的房子里。 考查句子成分。根据分析句子“The old man lived in a house with a beautiful garden.”可知,在该句中,The old man作主语;lived in作谓语;a house作宾语;with a beautiful garden作house的后置定语。故选C。 4.(2023·四川内江·一模)The leaves have already turned yellow. A.主语 B.定语 C.宾语补足语 D.表语 【答案】D 【详解】句意:树叶已经变黄了。 考查句子成分。根据分析句子“The leaves have already turned yellow.”可知,该句结构为“主+系+表”,The leaves是主语,have turned是系动词,yellow是表语。故选D。 5.(2023·四川内江·一模)The sun gives us not only light but also heat. A.直接宾语 B.间接宾语 C.宾语补足语 D.状语 【答案】A 【详解】句意:太阳不仅给我们光,还给我们热量。 考查句子成分。give sb. sth. 给某人某物,句型中sb.是间接宾语,sth.是直接宾语,not only light but also heat是直接宾语,故选A。 6.(2023·四川内江·一模)We often go fishing in the river near my house. A.状语 B.宾语 C.宾补 D.定语 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我们经常在我家附近的河里钓鱼。 考查句子成分。根据“in the river near my house”可知,这里说的是动作的地点,作状语成分。故选A。 7.(2023·四川内江·一模)When autumn comes, leaves turn yellow. A.主语 B.定语 C.状语 D.表语 【答案】D 【详解】句意:当秋天来临时,树叶变黄了。 考查句子成分。分析句子可知,leaves作主语;yellow“黄色”,此处修饰leaves的状态,作表语。故选D。 8.(2023·四川内江·一模)It’s our duty to keep the classroom clean. A.宾补 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语 【答案】A 【详解】句意:保持教室干净是我们的责任。 考查句子成分。分析句子可知,keep作谓语,the classroom作宾语,clean是对classroom的补充说明,因此作宾语补足语。故选A。 9.(2023·四川内江·一模)Why don’t you help Susan do housework? A.主语 B.定语 C.状语 D.谓语 【答案】A 【详解】句意:你为什么不帮苏珊做家务呢? 考查句子成分。根据分析句子结构可知,Why为特殊疑问词;you为主语;don’t为助动词否定形式;help为谓语动词;Susan do housework是动词help的宾语,故选A。 10.(2023·四川内江·一模)I found a cat under the table when I came home. A.主语 B.状语 C.宾语 D.表语 【答案】B 【详解】句意:当我回家时,我发现桌子下面有一只猫。 考查句子成分。分析句子成分可知,“when I came home”为when引导的时间状语从句,作状语。故选B。 11.(2024·四川内江·二模)She will make her students finish the task in ten minutes. A.表语 B.定语 C.直宾 D.宾补 【答案】D 【详解】句意:她会让她的学生在十分钟内完成任务。 考查句子成分。分析句子结构可知,句中make是谓语,her students 是宾语,finish the task in ten minutes作make的宾补。故选D。 12.(2024·四川内江·二模)Students aren’t allowed to eat in the classroom. A.谓语 B.状语 C.直宾 D.宾补 【答案】A 【详解】句意:学生们不允许在教室里吃东西。 考查句子成分。分析句子结构可知,Students是主语,aren’t allowed是谓语。故选A。 13.(2024·四川内江·二模)Tom was doing his homework carefully. A.谓语 B.状语 C.主语 D.宾语 【答案】B 【详解】句意:汤姆正在认真地做作业。 考查句子成分。分析句子结构可知,Tom作主语,was doing作谓语,his homework作宾语,carefully修饰动词doing,表示动作的方式,作状语。故选B。 14.(2024·四川内江·二模)The girl with long hair is tall and beautiful. A.谓语 B.状语 C.表语 D.宾语 【答案】C 【详解】句意:长头发的女孩又高又漂亮。 考查句子成分。分析句子可知,主语是The girl,is是系动词;tall and beautiful是形容词作表语。故选C。 15.(2024·四川内江·二模)I found my English book yesterday. A.宾语 B.表语 C.主语 D.定语 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我昨天找到了我的英语书。 考查句子成分。分析句子可知,I为主语,found为谓语,my English book为宾语;yesterday是时间状语。故选A。 考点二 基本句型 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 (一)主+谓 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 1. Time flies. 时光飞逝。 2. The moon rose. 月亮升起来了。 3. The man cooked. 这个人做饭了。 4. We all eat, and drink. 我们都吃饭喝水。 5. Everybody laughed. 每个人都笑了。 6. I woke very soon. 我很快就醒了。 7. They talked for half an hour. 他们交谈了半小时。 8. He walked yesterday . 他昨天走路了。 9. He is playing. 他在玩耍。 10. They have gone. 他们走了。 (二)主+系+表 此类句型的谓语动词不能独立表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思,这类动词叫做连系动词。此句型中系+表构成复合谓语,所以主系表也是主谓。 系动词分两类:1. 表示状态的连系动词:be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, stay等。 2. 表示转变或结果的系动词:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, fall, prove等。 (1)This is an English dictionary. 这是一本英语词典。 (2)The dinner smells good. 这顿晚餐闻起来不错。 (3)He felt happy. 他感到开心。 (4)Everything looks different. 一切看起来都不同了。 (5)He is tall and strong. 他又高又壮。 (6)The book is interesting. 这本书很有趣。 (7)The weather became warmer. 天气变暖了。 (8)His face turned red. 他的脸变红了。 (三)主+谓+宾 此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整,这类动词叫做及物动词。 1. Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案? 2. She laugh at her.她对她笑了。 3. He understands English. 他懂英语。 4. He made cakes. 他做了蛋糕。 5. They ate some apples. 他们吃了一些苹果。 6. Danny likes donuts. 丹妮喜欢甜甜圈。 7. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想要一杯茶。 8. He said Good morning. 他说早上好。 (四)主+谓+间宾+直宾 此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。 1. She passed him a new dress. 她给他递了一件新裙子。 2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给他丈夫做了美味的一餐。 3. He brought you a dictionary. 他给你买了一本词典。 4. He bought her nothing. 他没给她买东西。 5. I showed him my pictures. 我向他展示了照片。 6. I gave him a hand. 我帮了他一把。 7. I told her how to run the machine. 我告诉她怎样使用这个机器。 8. He showed me that the bus was late. 他向我表明公交车晚了。 (五)主+谓+宾+宾补 此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。 1. We keep the table clean. 我们使桌子保持干净。 2. They painted the door green.他们把门涂绿了。 3. I saw them getting on the bus.我看到他们上了公交车。 4. They found the house dirty.他们发现房子很脏。 5. What makes him sad? 是什么使他难过了? 6. We saw him out. 我们看到他出去了。 7. He asked me to come back soon. 他让我一会儿回来。 1.(2025·甘肃平凉·三模)The sentence structure of “Tom is playing basketball.” is ________. A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC 【答案】A 【详解】句意:“Tom is playing basketball.”的句子结构是主语+谓语+宾语。 考查句子基本结构辨析。S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语;S+V+P主语+系动词+表语;S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;S+V+DO+OC主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。分析句子结构可知,Tom,作主语;is playing作谓语;basketball作宾语,属于“主语+谓语+宾语”(S+V+O)的基本结构。故选A。 2.(2025·甘肃张掖·三模)What is the sentence pattern of the sentence “They are swimming in the river now.”? A.S+V+P B.S+V C.S+V+O D.S+V+O+OC 【答案】B 【详解】句意:“They are swimming in the river now.”这个句子的句型是什么? 考查句子结构。S+V+P主语+系动词+表语;S+V主语+不及物动词;S+V+O主语+及物动词+宾语;S+V+O+OC主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。在句子“They are swimming in the river now.”中,“They”是主语,“are swimming”是谓语动词(现在进行时,表示动作正在进行),“in the river”是地点状语,“now”是时间状语。这个句子没有宾语,因为“swimming”是不及物动词,不需要宾语来完成句子的意思。所以,这个句子的句型是S+V(主语+不及物动词)。故选B。 3.(2025·安徽六安·模拟预测)The sentence structure of “Mr Zhang teaches us English.” is _________. A.S+V+DO B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+P 【答案】B 【详解】句意:“张老师教我们英语。”这个句子的结构是主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。 考查句子结构辨析。S+V+DO 主语+谓语+宾语;S+V+IO+DO 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;S+V+DO+OC 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语;S+V+P 主语+谓语+表语。根据句子“Mr Zhang teaches us English.”可知,“us”是间接宾语,“English”是直接宾语,符合“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”的结构,故选B。 4.(2025·甘肃张掖·模拟预测)Which is the sentence pattern of “He bought you a dictionary yesterday.”? A.S+V+O B.S+Ⅴ+IO+DO C.S+V D.S+V+O+OC 【答案】B 【详解】句意:哪个是“他昨天给你买了一本字典”的句型? 考查句子结构。S+V+O主谓宾;S+Ⅴ+IO+DO主谓双宾;S+V主谓;S+V+O+OC主谓宾宾补。分析句子可知,He主语;bought谓语;you间接宾语;a dictionary直接宾语;yesterday状语。故选B。 5.(2025·甘肃·模拟预测)The sentence “He runs fast.” belongs to the structure ________. A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+IO+DO 【答案】A 【详解】句意:“他跑得快”这句话属于主谓结构。 考查句子结构。S+V主语+谓语;S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语;S+V+P主语+系动词+表语;S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。根据“He runs fast.”可知,He是主语,runs是谓语,fast是副词,用来修饰runs。故选A。 6.(2025·甘肃张掖·三模)What is the sentence pattern of the sentence “My mother gave me a book.”? A.S+V+O B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V D.S+V+O+OC 【答案】B 【详解】句意:“我妈妈给了我一本书”这个句子的句型是什么? 考查句子结构。分析句子可知,My mother作主语;gave谓语动词;me间接宾语;a book直接宾语,因此该句是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”的结构,故选B。 7.(2025·江苏宿迁·二模)The structure of the sentence “I find the story very interesting.” is ________  . A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC 【答案】D 【详解】句意:“我觉得这个故事很有趣。”这句话的结构是主+谓+宾语+宾补。 考查句子结构。S+V主语+谓语;S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语;S+V+IO+ DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;S+V+DO+OC主语+谓语+宾语+宾补。分析句子“I find the story very interesting.”“I”是主语,表示执行动作的在这个句子中,人;“find”是谓语动词,表示“发现”的动作;“the book”是宾语,是“find”这个动作的对象;“interesting”是用来补充说明“the book”的特征,即“有趣的”,在句中作宾语补足语。所以该句子的结构是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”,即 S+V+ DO + OC 结构。故选D。 8.(2024·甘肃武威·模拟预测)The sentence pattern of “Staying with students brings Jack much pleasure.” is ________. A.S+V B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+O+OC 【答案】C 【详解】句意:“和学生们待在一起给杰克带来很多乐趣。”这句话的句型是主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语 。 考查句子结构。S+V主+谓;S+V+P主+系+表;S+V+IO+DO主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语;S+V+O+OC主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。根据句子结构可知,Staying with students是主语,brings是谓语,Jack是间接宾语,much pleasure是直接宾语。故选C。 9.(2025·甘肃张掖·一模)What is the sentence pattern of “The news makes me happy”? A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+OC 【答案】D 【详解】句意:“这个消息使我高兴”的句型是什么? 考查句型。The news为主语;makes为谓语动词;me为宾格;happy为宾语补足语。所以本句为“主+谓+宾+宾补”结构,即S+V+O+OC。故选D。 10.(2024·甘肃武威·三模)The sentence pattern of “She gave me a present yesterday.” is ________. A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+P 【答案】C 【详解】句意:“She gave me a present yesterday.”这个句子结构是主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语。 考查句子结构。S+V主+谓;S+V+O主+谓+宾;S+V+IO+DO主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语;S+V+P主+系动词+表语。She主语;gave谓语;me间接宾语;a present直接宾语。故选C。 考点三 构词法 合成法 由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词法称为合成法。合成词之间有的要用连字符连接,有的直接连接在一起。 类型 例子 复合名词 bedroom卧室,newspaper报纸,breakfast早餐,blackboard黑板,grandfather(外)祖父,playground操场,bathroom浴室,typewriter打字机,overcoat大衣,afternoon下午,handwriting书法,story­telling讲故事,daybreak破晓, sunrise日出,outbreak爆发,downpour倾盆大雨 复合形容词 worldwide全世界的,homesick想家的,handmade手工制作的,kind­hearted热心肠的,easy­going随和的,good­looking好看的,hard­working勤勉的,well­known著名的,newly­built新建的 复合动词 overcome克服,underline画线,oversleep睡过头,sleepwalk梦游 复合副词 upstairs在楼上,indoors在室内,outdoors在室外,however无论如何 复合代词 anything任何事物, everybody每个人 派生法 在一个词的词根的前面或后面加上某个词缀来产生新词,这种构词法称为派生法。加在前面的词缀叫前缀,加在后面的词缀叫后缀。 (1) 前缀 1. 表示否定。 前缀 意义 例子 un­ 不;非 unlucky不幸运的,unhappy不高兴的,unnecessary不必要的,unusual不同寻常的,unimportant不重要的,unhappily不高兴地,unfortunately不幸地 im­ impossible不可能的,impolite不礼貌的,impatient没有耐心的 in­ incorrect不正确的,informal非正式的,independent独立的 ir­ irregular不规则的,irresponsible不负责任的 il­ illegal非法的 non­ non­stop不停的;直达的,non­smoker不吸烟者 dis­ 相反 disappear消失,dislike不喜欢,disagree不同意,dishonest不诚实的,disagreement意见不一致 mis­ 错误 misfortune不幸,misunderstand误解,misspell拼错 2. 表示程度或大小 前缀 意义 例子 super­ 超级 supermarket超市,superpower超级大国,superman超人 mini­ 小的;短的 minibus 小型公共汽车, miniskirt 超短裙 3. 其他前缀 前缀 意义 例子 a­ 处于……状态或过程中 asleep睡着的,awake醒着的,alive活着的,aside在旁边 anti­ 反对 antiwar反战争的 auto­ 自动的 automobile汽车 en­ 使…… encourage鼓励,enlarge使变大,enrich使富有 fore­ 在……之前 forehead前额,foretell预言 inter­ 之间的 international国际的,Internet互联网 kilo­ 千 kilometer千米,kilogram千克 mid­ 在中间 midnight半夜,midair半空中 pre­ 在……之前 preview预演, prepay预付 re­ 重新,再次 retell复述,review复习,rewrite重写,rebuild重建 tele­ 远程的 telephone电话,telegram电报 vice­ 副的 vice­president副总统,vice­chairman副主席 (2) 后缀 1. 名词后缀 前缀 意义 例子 ­er 从事某种职业的人 player运动员,teacher教师,driver司机,worker 工人 ­or actor演员,director导演, inventor发明家 ­ess 指女性 actress女演员,hostess女主人 ­ese 指民族、语言 Chinese中国人;汉语,Japanese日本人;日语 ­ian 指人 Australian澳大利亚人,Italian意大利人,Indian印度人 ­ist 指人 artist艺术家,pianist钢琴家,novelist小说家,scientist科学家,physicist物理学家 ­ment ……的行为(或结果) movement运动,agreement同意,announcement通告 ­ion 状态、行为、机构等 action行动,invention发明,pollution污染 ­ation invitation 邀请,operation手术,foundation基金会,organization 组织 ­ship 情况、状态等 friendship友谊,leadership领导,relationship关系 ­hood 状态、性质等 childhood童年、幼年,neighborhood附近,街区 ­ing 活动、状态 feeling感觉,dancing舞蹈,meeting会议 ­ness 状态、特点等 happiness幸福,darkness黑暗,illness疾病 ­ance 性质、状况等 performance表演,appearance出现 ­dom 领域、状况等 freedom自由,wisdom智慧,kingdom王国 ­al 过程、状态等 arrival 到达,refusal 拒绝 2. 形容词后缀 前缀 意义 例子 ­ful 充满……的 useful有用的,careful仔细的,helpful有帮助的 ­less 没有,无 careless粗心的,meaningless无意义的,harmless无害的 ­ly 具有……性质;每隔……时间 lovely可爱的,friendly友好的,monthly每月的,weekly每周的 ­y 有……特性的 healthy健康的,noisy吵闹的,rainy多雨的,lucky幸运的,thirsty渴的,sleepy困倦的,cloudy多云的,windy有风的 ­ish 稍有……的;有……性质的 foolish愚蠢的,childish孩子气的 ­able 能……的;具有……性质的 comfortable 舒适的,enjoyable愉快的,changeable易变的 ­ible horrible可怕的,terrible糟糕的 ­ed 状况、心情等 interested感兴趣的,excited感到兴奋的,surprised感到惊讶的,tired 疲倦的,pleased高兴的 ­ing 描述事物 interesting有趣的,exciting令人兴奋的,moving动人的 ­al 与……有关的 natural自然的,personal个人的,musical音乐的 ­ic ……的 electric电的,scientific科学的,plastic塑料的 ­ical medical医学的,chemical 化学的,historical历史的 ­en 表示材料 wooden木制的,golden金制的,woolen羊毛的 ­ern 表示方位 eastern东方的,southern南方的,western西方的 ­ous 表示特点 famous著名的,dangerous危险的 ­ive active积极的,expensive昂贵的,attractive吸引人的 3. 副词后缀 前缀 意义 例子 ­ly 以……方式 happily高兴地,quickly迅速地,freely自由地,politely有礼貌地 ­ward(s) 表示方向 northward(s)向北,downward(s)向下,forward(s)向前 转化法 在词行不变的情况下,一个单词由一种词性转换成另一种词性,称为转换。转换后的词义与转换前的词义通常有密切的联系,但有时差异也很大。 词类转化 例子 名词转化为动词 water n. 水 → v. 浇水 hand n. 手 → v. 传递  color n. 颜色 → v. 染色  book n.书 → v. 预订 show n. 演出,节目 → v. 给……看;展示 动词转化为名词 walk v. 散步;走 → n. 散步(take a walk) look v. 看 → n. 看(have a look) stop v. 停止 → n. 车站(bus stop)  talk v. 谈论 → n. 谈话(have a talk) 形容词转化为名词 daily adj. 日常的→ n. 日报  final adj. 最后(终)的→n. 决赛 形容词转化为动词 slow adj. 慢的→v. 放慢  free adj. 空闲的→v. 释放 clean adj. 干净的→v. 清扫  dry adj. 干燥的→v. 把……弄干 副词转化为动词 down adv. 向下→v. 打倒,击倒 1.(2024·甘肃酒泉·三模)Sometimes they strongly (agree) with each other, so they need to communicate more often. 【答案】disagree 【详解】句意:有时他们彼此意见相左,所以他们需要更频繁地沟通。根据“so they need to communicate more often”可知,空处应该表示意见不合,空处应用agree“同意”的否定形式disagree,disagree with sb“与某人意见不合”;根据sometimes可知,时态为一般现在时,主语they是复数形式,谓语动词用原形。故填disagree。 2.(23-24八年级下·甘肃武威·期末)It is (mean) for us to be a volunteer. 【答案】meaningful 【详解】句意:对我们来说,成为一名志愿者是有意义的。分析句子可知,此处应用形容词作表语,meaningful是其形容词形式。故填meaningful。 3.(2024·江苏无锡·二模)In Zhuhai Park, you can enjoy the natural beauty, or (simple) breathe the fresh air. 【答案】simply 【详解】句意:在珠海公园,你可以享受自然美景,或者只是呼吸新鲜空气。分析句子结构可知,此处应用形容词simple的副词形式simply“仅仅,只是”作状语,修饰动词breathe。故填simply。 4.(2024·甘肃武威·二模)Reading aloud is (help) to the students who want to improve their English. 【答案】helpful 【详解】句意:大声朗读对那些想要提高英语的学生来说很有帮助。根据“Reading aloud”可知,此处表示大声朗读有助于提高英语,help“帮助”,动词,此处应用形容词作表语,其形容词为helpful“有帮助的”。故填helpful。 5.(2024·江苏无锡·一模)Don’t eat too much at a time, or you’ll feel (comfortable). 【答案】uncomfortable 【详解】句意:一次不要吃太多,否则你会觉得不舒服。根据“Don’t eat too much at a time,”可知,如果一次吃太多,你会觉得不舒服,空处用形容词uncomfortable“不舒服的”,作表语。故填uncomfortable。 6.(2024·江苏泰州·一模)The man who has made up his mind to win will never say “ ”. (possible) 【答案】impossible 【详解】句意:凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说“不可能的”。根据“The man who has made up his mind to win will never say…”可知,此处是指下定决心要获取胜利的人是不会轻易说“不可能的”,即使面对困难和挑战,也会努力寻找解决方案,而不是轻易放弃;应将形容词possible“可能的”变为impossible“不可能的”,形容词。故填impossible。 7.(2024·江苏泰州·一模)Before Giant Panda Fu Bao returned to China, thousands of (tour) came to Everland Park to say goodbye to Fu Bao. 【答案】tourists 【详解】句意:在大熊猫福宝回到中国之前,成千上万的游客来到爱宝乐园与福宝告别。tour“旅游”,名词;根据“thousands of...came to Everland Park to say goodbye to Fu Bao.”可知,应是游客来跟福宝告别,应用tourist“游客”;“thousands of”后接复数名词。故填tourists。 8.(2024·上海长宁·二模)People in that city prepared to their houses after the terrible flood. (build) 【答案】rebuild 【详解】句意:那场可怕的洪水过后,那个城市的人们准备重建他们的房屋。由“People in that city prepared to…their houses after the terrible flood”可知,此处指重建房屋,rebuild“重建”;prepare to do sth.“准备做某事”,固定短语,故应用动词原形。故填rebuild。 9.(2024·上海长宁·二模)Experience is a wealth of knowledge and a symbol of . (wise) 【答案】wisdom 【详解】句意:经验是知识的财富,是智慧的象征。由“Experience is a wealth of knowledge and a symbol of…”可知,此处应用名词形式,wisdom是其名词形式。故填wisdom。 10.(23-24九年级下·上海青浦·月考)I am sure she failed in the competition because of the look on her face. (happy) 【答案】unhappy 【详解】句意:我确信她在比赛中失败是因为她脸上不高兴的表情。根据“I am sure she failed in the competition”可知,是指脸上不高兴的表情,修饰名词用形容词,happy意为“高兴的”,其相反意义的形容词为unhappy,意为“不高兴的”,故填unhappy。 11.(2023·江苏无锡·二模)The boy (careless) put the cup on the table and it fell down. 【答案】carelessly 【详解】句意:男孩粗心把杯子放在桌子上,杯子掉了下来。根据空后“put(放)”是动词,可知此空填副词,careless的副词形式是在其后加ly,意为“粗心大意地,马虎地”。故填carelessly。 12.(2023·内蒙古包头·三模)The never dreamed of having a chance for him to win the first prize in the 100-meter race. (compete) 【答案】competitor 【详解】句意:这位选手做梦也想不到自己有机会在100米比赛中获得第一名。根据题目可知,此处缺乏主语,应将动词compete“竞争”,转变为名词competitor“竞争者”作为主语。故填competitor。 13.(2023·江苏南京·二模)— Our neighbour next door is putting something on the wall. — It’s (possible) to sleep with all that noise. 【答案】impossible 【详解】句意:——我们隔壁的邻居正在往墙上放东西。——在这么吵的环境中睡觉是不可能的。根据句意和常识,可知在吵闹的环境中是睡不着的,所以“possible”要使用其反义词,故填impossible。 14.(2023·江苏扬州·二模)With the money, we have sent many poor children to school. (success) 【答案】successfully 【详解】句意:用这笔钱,我们已经成功地送了许多贫困儿童上学。考查副词修饰动词。此处应用副词修饰动词sent,success的副词形式在词尾加fully。故填successfully。 15.(2023·上海奉贤·二模)It’s very kind of you to help me with my English with great . (patient) 【答案】patience 【详解】句意:非常感谢你耐心地帮助我学习英语。根据“with great...”可知,空处应填名词;patient“耐心的”,形容词,名词形式为patience,不可数名词。故填patience。 一.单句语法填空 1.(2025·上海虹口·三模)The two groups finally reached an after long discussions. (agree) 【答案】agreement 【详解】句意:经过长时间讨论后,这两个小组最终达成了一致。空格前是不定冠词,后跟可数名词单数;agree的名词形式是agreement,表示“意见一致,同意”;reach an agreement表示“达成一致”,为固定搭配。故填agreement。 2.(2025·上海虹口·三模)The weather here is , with sudden storms and temperature drops. (change) 【答案】changeable 【详解】句意:这里的天气多变,常有突如其来的暴风雨和气温骤降。is为be动词,后跟形容词做表语;change的形容词形式是changeable“多变的”,用于修饰weather多变。故填changeable。 3.(2025·上海黄浦·二模)Emma’s dream is to become a famous when she grows up. (design) 【答案】designer 【详解】句意:Emma的梦想是长大后成为一名著名的设计师。动词design意为“设计”,根据句意可知需要名词形式designer表示“设计师”,且前面有不定冠词a修饰,故填designer。 4.(2025·甘肃定西·二模)Sometimes brothers or sisters will (agree) with each other, but they still care about each other. 【答案】disagree 【详解】句意:有时兄弟姐妹会彼此意见不合,但他们仍然关心对方。根据“but they still care about each other”可知,这里指彼此意见不合,此处需填反义词,disagree“不同意”,是动词,will后接动词原形,故填disagree。 5.(24-25七年级下·全国·课后作业)Nothing is (possible) if you put your heart in it. 【答案】impossible 【详解】句意:只要你用心,没有什么是不可能的。根据“if you put your heart into it.”可知,此处应是没有什么是不可能的,possible“可能的”,形容词,此处应是其反义词impossible“不可能的”。故填impossible。 6.(2023·上海虹口·二模)Poor little girl! It is for her to suffer so much. Let’s give her a hand. (fair) 【答案】unfair 【详解】句意:可怜的小女孩!她遭受这么多痛苦是不公平的。让我们帮她一把。fair“公平的”,形容词。根据“Poor little girl!”及“suffer so much”可知,小女孩遭受这么多是不公平的,故用unfair“不公平的”作表语。故填unfair。 7.(2023·上海崇明·二模)If we don’t take action to protect the forests, they will soon . (appear) 【答案】disappear 【详解】句意:如果我们不采取行动保护森林,它们很快就会消失。根据“If we don’t take actions to protect the forests”可推知,后果是森林就会消失,disappear“消失”,由appear加否定前缀dis-构成,will后跟动词原形。故填disappear。 8.(2023·江苏南京·一模)Li Jun was (lucky) because his car broke down yesterday. 【答案】unlucky 【详解】句意:李军很不幸因为他的车昨天坏了。lucky“幸运的”,形容词;由“his car broke down yesterday”可知,应该是不幸的,lucky的反义词是unlucky“不幸的”。故填unlucky。 9.(2023·安徽芜湖·一模)You should take an active part in the (discuss). 【答案】discussion 【详解】句意:你应该积极参加讨论。the后面需接名词;discuss“讨论”,动词,其名词为discussion。故填discussion。 10.(2022·黑龙江鹤岗·模拟预测)Although Han Li often gets good marks in the exam, she isn’t good at Chinese. It is (possible) for her to be a writer in the future. 【答案】impossible 【详解】句意:虽然李涵经常在考试中取得好成绩,但她不擅长语文。她将来不可能成为作家。根据空前的is可知,这里需要形容词作表语,由语境“isn’t good at Chinese”可知,这里表示“不可能”成为作家。故填impossible。 11.(2022·西藏拉萨·模拟预测)China is an old (east) country in Asia. 【答案】eastern 【详解】句意:中国是亚洲一个古老的东方国家。此空修饰后面的名词“country”,应用形容词,“east”的形容词是“eastern”。故填eastern。 12.(21-22八年级上·江苏盐城·期中)No one was willing to help the old man and he felt (help). 【答案】helpless 【详解】句意:没有人愿意帮助老人,他感到很无助。根据语境和所给单词推测,他应该是感到无助。感官动词feel后加形容词;help+less可表示“无助的”。故填helpless。 13.(2022·山东临沂·二模)Because of the wolf, everyone in the town is feeling . (easy) 【答案】uneasy 【详解】句意:因为这只狼,镇上的每个人都感到不安。easy“安逸的,安心的”,根据“Because of the wolf”可知,狼的出现让每个人都感到不安,uneasy“不安的”,形容词作表语。故填uneasy。 14.(2022·山东临沂·二模)He wrote lots of books for young people. (science) 【答案】scientific 【详解】句意:他为年轻人写了很多科学书籍。此空修饰后面的名词“books”,因此需用“science”的形容词“scientific”表示“科学的”。故填scientific。 15.(2022·江苏无锡·三模)It’s hard for kangaroos to walk backwards because of the (usual) shape of their legs. 【答案】unusual 【详解】句意:由于袋鼠不寻常的腿部形状,它们很难向后走。根据句意,袋鼠之所以很难向后走,是由于腿部形状不同寻常。空白处应填入形容词,修饰名词shape。括号内所给词usual意为“寻常的”,需要添加否定前缀un,变为unusual,意为“不寻常的”。故填unusual。 16.(2022·上海黄浦·二模)The festival is celebrated to welcome the of spring. (arrive) 【答案】arrival 【详解】句意:庆祝这个节日是为了迎接春天的到来。the+名词+of表示“……的……”,所以空格处应填入名词形式。arrive为动词,表示“到来”,其名词形式为arrival。故填arrival。 17.(2022·上海闵行·二模)The weather is a bit these days, so it’s easy to catch a cold. (usual) 【答案】unusual 【详解】句意:这些天的天气有些不正常,所以很容易感冒。根据“so it’s easy to catch a cold”及提示词可知,应是天气不正常,unusual“不正常的”,形容词作表语。故填unusual。 18.(2022·上海闵行·二模)It is not surprising that dogs can express themselves and honestly. (clear) 【答案】clearly 【详解】句意:狗能清晰而诚实地表达自己,这并不奇怪。根据“and honestly”可知,空处应用副词修饰动词express,与honestly构成并列关系,clear的副词是clearly“清晰地”。故填clearly。 19.(2022·山东临沂·一模)The teacher announced an result that everyone couldn’t believe.(expected) 【答案】unexpected 【详解】句意:老师宣布了一个大家都不敢相信的意外结果。根据“ everyone couldn’t believe”可知老师宣布了一个令人意想不到的结果,结合空格前的不定冠词an,可知用unexpected“出乎意料的”,形容词作定语。故填unexpected。 20.(2022·江苏南京·一模)Qi Baishi, a famous Chinese calligrapher and painter, was regarded as “the people’s (art)”. 【答案】artist 【详解】句意:齐白石是中国著名的书法家和画家,他被认为是人民艺术家。根据“Qi Baishi, a famous Chinese calligrapher and painter”可知,此处要表达的是齐白石是一位人民艺术家,此处art“艺术”变成artist“艺术家”。故填artist。 21.(2022·上海金山·一模)Our school offers a wide of activities to the students after school. (various) 【答案】variety 【详解】句意:我们学校在放学后给学生提供多种多样的活动。“various”为形容词,各种各样的。空处应填名词variety“种类”,“a variety of”意为“各种各样的……”,故填variety。 22.(2022·上海金山·一模)Where can learn more about the West Lake in Hangzhou? (tour) 【答案】tourists 【详解】句意:游客从哪能更多地了解杭州的西湖呢?空上需要填写本句的主语,tour意为“旅游”,应转化为“tourist游客”,此处泛指游客,应使用复数形式表示一类人或事物,故填tourists。 23.(2022·上海杨浦·一模)One of reading e-books is maybe the lighting or small screen. (advantage) 【答案】(d)isadvantage 【详解】阅读电子书的不利因素之一也许是光线或小屏幕。结合语境“ the lighting or small screen”是阅读电子书的不利因素,故填(d)isadvantage。 24.(2022·上海浦东新·一模)To our , our school team won the basketball match again this time!(excited) 【答案】excitement 【详解】句意:使我们兴奋的是,我们校队这次又赢得了篮球比赛。excited形容词;根据空前的“To our”可知,应该填的是excited的名词excitement“兴奋”,故填excitement。 25.(2021·江苏泰州·二模)The girl has (common) ability. She always comes up with creative ideas. 【答案】uncommon 【详解】句意:这个女孩有非凡的才能。她总是能想出有创意的主意。common一般的,形容词;根据“She always comes up with creative ideas.”可知,空处指的是不一般的才能,用common的反义词uncommon作定语。故填uncommon。 二.语法填空 (1) (2025·福建泉州·二模)阅读下面短文,根据语境或所给单词的提示,在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词,要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确,使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 In ancient China, a study necessarily meant reading and writing hanzi. As for this, there were four important tools named the Four Treasures of the Study, which no student could ever afford to be without. Students used 1 (they) to take notes, produce articles, create paintings, or to practice calligraphy(书法). A good brush is 2 first tool. It often has a handle of wood, and it always 3 (use) real animal hair for its brush. For calligraphy, the tip of the brush is often shaped. This allows the brush to be used both to draw small details and wide 4 (line). Another one is the inkstick, which is made by 5 (mix) soot or charcoal(木炭) with some sort of paste. 6 (tradition) inksticks are always black. The inkstick is useless without the next tool, the inkstone. To use an inkstone, an inkstick is pressed into it with water to produce ink. Many of these inkstones are highly 7 (decorate) and considered works of art. The final treasure is paper. Xuan paper, which is produced 8 Anhui Province, is the most famous paper used for writing hanzi. It is loved because it is strong 9 smooth, and easily holds the ink. Today more modern tools are used, but Chinese Four Treasures of the Study are still necessary for anyone who 10 (serious) wants to practice Chinese calligraphy. 【答案】1.them 2.the 3.uses 4.lines 5.mixing 6.Traditional 7.decorated 8.in 9.and 10.seriously 【导语】本文介绍了中国古代文房四宝,包括毛笔、墨锭、砚台和宣纸的特点、制作及用途 ,并指出尽管现代工具增多,文房四宝对练习中国书法仍不可或缺。 1.句意:学生们用它们来做笔记、写文章、创作绘画或练习书法。根据“there were four important tools”可知,这里指代前面的“four important tools”,且在句中作“used”的宾语,要用宾格形式。故填them。 2.句意:一支好毛笔是第一件工具。这里表示“第一件工具”,是特指,在序数词“first”前要用定冠词。故填the。 3.句意:它的笔杆通常是木制的,而且它的笔头总是用真正的动物毛发制成。根据“often”可知,句子是一般现在时,主语“it”是第三人称单数,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故填uses。 4.句意:这使得毛笔既可以用来画小细节,也可以画宽线条。“wide”是形容词,后接名词,“line”是可数名词,这里表示泛指,要用复数形式。故填lines。 5.句意:另一种是墨锭,它是由烟灰或木炭与某种糊状物混合制成的。“by”是介词,后接动名词形式。故填mixing。 6.句意:传统的墨锭总是黑色的。这里修饰名词“inksticks”,要用形容词形式。traditional“传统的”,形容词,作定语修饰名词,首字母大写。故填Traditional。 7.句意:许多砚台都经过精心装饰,被认为是艺术品。分析句子,主语与动词decorate之间是被动关系,所以此处要用过去分词,与be动词are构成一般现在时被动语态。故填decorated。 8.句意:宣纸产自安徽省,是书写汉字最著名的纸张。“Anhui Province”是大地点,“在某地生产”用“be produced in+地点”。故填in。 9.句意:它受人喜爱是因为它结实且光滑,而且容易吸墨。“strong”和“smooth”是并列关系,在肯定句中用“and”连接。故填and。 10.句意:如今,人们使用更多现代工具,但对于任何真正想练习中国书法的人来说,中国的文房四宝仍然是必不可少的。这里修饰动词“wants”,要用副词形式。故填seriously。 (2) (2025·福建泉州·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示,在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词,要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确,使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 The word “zhiyin”, which refers to the best friend in Chinese, comes from the story of Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi in the Warring States Period. Boya was a master of guqin which is a Chinese 1 (music) instrument. Although many people praised his 2 (work), he believed that he had never come across anyone who could really understand his music. One day, he was sent on a mission to Chu. On account of a strong wind, he was 3 (force) to stop at the entrance of the Hanyang River. When the wind passed, a full moon appeared, making its slow way through the clouds. He couldn’t help 4 (play) his guqin. A woodcutter named Ziqi happened to pass by and was attracted by the melody. As soon as Boya finished the piece, he heard the woodcutter applauding and cheering. Then Boya invited him on board and played tunes (曲) that described high mountains and flowing water. To 5 (he) surprise, Ziqi could understand 6 (exact) what he wanted to express through his music. Boya was overjoyed and they became good friends. Unluckily, Ziqi died from a disease the next year. Boya was very sad and he played the music in front of Ziqi’s tomb (墓). The feeling of the music was so strong 7 it was as if the rivers and the mountains were crying. When finishing playing, Boya 8 (break) his guqin into pieces, vowing never to play guqin again for the rest of his life. In the Song Dynasty, to be in memory 9 the deep friendship between Boya and Ziqi, people built the Guqin Tai in Hanyang. And then it became 10 important part of the local culture. 【答案】1.musical 2.works 3.forced 4.playing 5.his 6.exactly 7.that 8.broke 9.of 10.an 【导语】本文主要讲述了伯牙与钟子期“高山流水遇知音”的故事,以及这段深厚友谊对后世文化的影响。 1.句意:伯牙是古琴大师,古琴是一种中国乐器。music“音乐”。根据“instrument”可知,此处应用形容词修饰名词instrument,music的形容词形式为musical。故填musical。 2.句意:尽管许多人称赞他的作品,但他认为从未遇到真正懂他音乐的人。work“作品”。根据“many people praised”以及语境可知,这里不止一件作品,work作“作品”讲时是可数名词,所以应用其复数形式works。故填works。 3.句意:由于大风,他被迫停留在汉阳江口。force“迫使”。根据句子结构可知,he与force之间是被动关系,即他被迫使,be forced to do sth.“被迫做某事”,所以此处应用force的过去分词形式forced。故填forced。 4.句意:他忍不住弹奏起他的古琴。play“弹奏”。can’t help doing sth.“忍不住做某事”,这里表示伯牙看到美景后忍不住弹奏古琴,所以应用play的现在分词形式 playing。故填playing。 5.句意:令他惊讶的是,子期能准确理解他通过音乐想要表达的东西。he“他”,是主格形式。to one’s surprise“令某人惊讶的是”,这里需要用形容词性物主代词,he的形容词性物主代词是his,所以此处应填his。故填his。 6.句意:令他惊讶的是,子期能准确理解他通过音乐想要表达的东西。exact“准确的”,是形容词。根据“Ziqi could understand...what he wanted to express through his music”可知,此处需要用副词来修饰动词understand,exact的副词形式是exactly。故填exactly。 7.句意:音乐的情感如此强烈,以至于好像江河山川都在哭泣。根据“The feeling of the music was so strong...it was as if the rivers and the mountains were crying.”可知,音乐的情感如此强烈,以至于好像江河山川都在哭泣,so...that...“如此……以至于……”,用于引导结果状语从句,所以此处应填that。故填that。 8.句意:弹完后,伯牙把他的古琴摔成了碎片,发誓余生再也不弹古琴了。break“打破,摔碎”。根据文章整体时态,讲述的是过去发生的事情,时态应用一般过去时,break的过去式是broke。故填broke。 9.句意:在宋代,为了纪念伯牙和子期之间深厚的友谊,人们在汉阳修建了古琴台。in memory of “为了纪念……”。故填of。 10.句意:然后它成了当地文化的一个重要组成部分。根据“And then it became...important part of the local culture”可知,此处表示一个重要的部分,应用不定冠词来修饰可数名词part,important是以元音音素开头的单词,不定冠词应用an。故填an。 21 / 21 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题17 句子成分、基础句型、构词法  (复习讲义)(福建专用)2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测-第1页
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专题17 句子成分、基础句型、构词法  (复习讲义)(福建专用)2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测-第2页
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