专题05 非谓语动词（复习讲义）（重庆专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

该初中英语中考复习资料聚焦非谓语动词专题，覆盖不定式、动名词、分词三类核心考点，针对中考单选、完形、短文填空等题型（分值3-5分），构建“考情剖析-思维导图-考点通关-优题精选”复习体系，通过固定搭配梳理、语境功能辨析、本地场景真题训练，帮助学生突破高频搭配、易混点及分词逻辑关系难点。 亮点在于“三步解题法”（找谓语-判功能-定形式）和本地语境融合，如结合洪崖洞、火锅场景设计短文填空，培养学生文化意识与语言能力。特设“高频搭配对比表”（如stop to do/doing）和分层训练（基础填空-真题演练-综合应用），配合5分钟限时测评，确保高效突破。教师可依托考情预测精准把控复习重点，助力学生提升语境解题思维与应考能力。

专题05 非谓语动词 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 2 03 考点通关·靶向突破 3 ★ 考点一 动词不定式 3 ★ 考点二 动名词 8 ★ 考点三 分词 13 04 优题精选·练能提分 18 名词 课程分析 考情剖析 非谓语动词是重庆中考英语语法的核心高频必考点，涵盖动词不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、分词（现在分词doing/过去分词done）三类，在单选、完形填空、短文填空等题型中均有考查，分值稳定在3-5分。 考情关键：单选必考固定搭配/目的状语，完形偶考分词作定语，短文填空高频考不定式省略to或动名词作主语，本地语境为特色。其考情聚焦固定搭配、语境功能辨析，常结合重庆本地场景（如洪崖洞、火锅、城市建设等）命题。 命题预测 命题趋势上，高频固定搭配、to do与doing易混点、分词逻辑主语关系仍是重点，题型分布保持稳定； 命题重点：高频搭配（如enjoy doing、want to do）、易混辨析（如stop to do/doing）、分词主动/被动关系，潜在难点为分词作状语的逻辑主语一致性。 解题锦囊 解题核心在于先找句子谓语，再判非谓语功能，最后结合固定搭配或逻辑关系确定形式。解题技巧：一找谓语（确定非谓语使用前提），二判功能（主语/宾语/定语/状语），三定形式（固定搭配优先，无搭配则看主动/被动、进行/完成关系）；熟记使役/感官动词后不定式省略to的规则及被动还原to，警惕介词to后接动名词的陷阱。 考点一 不定式 一、动词不定式的构成 动词不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以省略 to , 这里的 to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是 not+ ( to+ ) 动词原形 。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。 二、动词不定式的句法功能 功能 例句 说明 主语 To speak English is not easy for us. =It is not easy for us to speak English. 作主语的不定式，常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。 表语 My work is to clean the room everyday. =To clean the room every day is my work. 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。 宾语 —What sports does he like to play? —He likes to play basketball. 只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。 宾补 My mother made me play the piano all the time. 在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。 定语 Have you got anything to drink? 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。 状语 I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因）。 I went to the library to study English.（表目的） 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。 1.不定式作主语 ①动词不定式作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，避免句子头重脚轻。如：To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well. 如果要说明不定式表示的动作的执行者，可以在不定式前加一个 for 短语 。其结构为 It+be+adj. +for sb . +to do sth. It’s important for us to protect the environment. 在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词（ 如 kind , good , nice , wise , clever , polite等）作表语时，不定式之前可以加一个 of 短语，用来说明动作的执行者 。 其结构为 It+be+adj. +of sb . +to do sth. It’s not polite of him to speak to old people like that. It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 ②两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列时，第一个不定式带 to , 后面的不定式通常省略 to To go to sleep early and get up early is a good habit. 2.不定式作宾语 有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，不定式用在及物动词后作宾语，常见的及物动词有 begin , choose , continue , decide , expect , fail , forget , hate , help , hope , learn , manage , mean , need , offer , plan , prefer , pretend , promise , refuse , try , afford , agree , start , like 如： Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？ ②在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如： I find it easy to read English every day. 3.不定式作宾语补足语 ①有些谓语动词后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。动词有：want , ask , tell , allow , get , would like , advise , encourage 等。 如：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。 ②一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略 to。这些动词有一感( feel) 、二听( hear , listen to) 、三让( let , make , have) 、四看( look at , see , watch , notice) ，但变被动语态时必须加上 to。 I often hear Li Ming sing in the next room. ③动词 help 后面的不定式，可以带 to , 也可以不带 to。 You must help me ( to ) do my homework this afternoon. 4.不定式作定语 ①不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 I have some clothes to wash. 注意：如果不定式是不及物动词，且与它所修饰的词构成逻辑上的被动关系，则作定语的不定式要加上相应的介词；但是，当不定式修饰的名词是 time , place 或 way时，不定式后面习惯上要省略介词。 He is looking for a room to live in. We have a lot of things to talk about. My grandma had no place to live( in) in the old days . ②不定式修饰something , anything , nothing时，放在它们的后面，如果something , anything , nothing 有形容词修饰，词序是：something/anything/nothing+ 形容词 +不定式. I had something cold to drink. 5.不定式作状语 不定式经常作目的状语，可位于句首或句末。 To get there on time, we set out at five in the morning. 和某些形容词连用构成“be+形容词＋不定式”结构，作原因状语。 We are sorry to trouble you. 作程度或结果状语时，常与 enough（ 表示肯定）或 too（ 表示否定）连用。 He is old enough to go to school. He is too young to go to school. 6.作表语 表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等，通常对连系动词前面的名词进行解释说明。 His wish is to become a doctor. 7.与疑问词连用 不定式常和疑问词 what , which , when , where , how 连用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 常接＂疑问词+to的不定式＂的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。 My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。 He didn’t know where he should go.=He didn’t know where to go. 一、单项选择 1. (2025 重庆中考) He decided ______ something to help. A. to do B. doing C. do 【答案】A 【详解】考查固定搭配decide to do sth.（决定做某事），后接动词不定式作宾语，故选A。 2．（2025·西藏·中考真题）Our teacher advises us ________ ourselves in the sunshine. A．enjoy B．to enjoy C．enjoyed D．enjoying 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们的老师建议我们在阳光下享受（美好时光）。考查非谓语动词。“advise sb. to do sth.”是固定用法，意为“建议某人做某事”，根据“Our teacher advises us...ourselves in the sunshine.”可知，此处用动词不定式作宾语补足语，故选B。 3. (2024 重庆A卷·语法选择) When I was a child, I wanted ______ someone like my father. A. to be B. be C. being 【答案】A 【详解】考查固定搭配want to do sth.（想要做某事），后接动词不定式，故选A。 4．（2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Kitty will go to the English Corner ______ her English this Saturday afternoon. A．to practise B．practising C．practised D．practise 【答案】A 【详解】句意：基蒂这个星期六下午要去英语角练习英语。考查非谓语动词。to practise练习，动词不定式形式；practising练习，现在分词或动名词形式；practised练习，过去式或过去分词形式；practise练习，动词原形。根据句子结构可知，空处应是动词不定式作目的状语，表示去英语角的目的是练习英语。故选A。 5．（2025·吉林长春·中考真题）________ eyes healthy, we students should spend less time on screens. A．To keep B．Keep C．Kept D．Keeping 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了保持眼睛健康，我们学生应该少花时间在屏幕前。 考查非谓语动词。根据“...eyes healthy”可知，学生少花时间在屏幕前是为了保持眼睛健康，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了保持眼睛健康”。故选A。 6．（2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题）We need more work ________ our sky clearer, water cleaner and air fresher. A．make B．to make C．makes D．made 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们需要更多的工作来使我们的天空更湛蓝、水更干净、空气更清新。根据“our sky clearer, water cleaner and air fresher.”可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式to make作目的状语。故选B。 7．（2025·江苏扬州·中考真题）We should build on past achievements and work together ________ a better world. A．make B．making C．made D．to make 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们应该在过去的成就基础上再接再厉，共同努力创造一个更美好的世界。 考查动词不定式。根据“We should build on past achievements and work together...a better world.”可知，在过去的成就基础上再接再厉并共同努力，以创造一个更美好的世界。此处应是动词不定式作目的状语，故选D。 2、 用所给词的适当形式填空。 8．（2025·重庆渝中·一模）Remember (turn) the lights off before we go out. 【答案】to turn 【详解】句意：出门前记得关灯。根据“Remember...the lights off before we go out.”和所给单词可知，remember to do表示“记得去做某事”。故填to turn。 9．（2025·重庆渝中·一模）We need to d this topic further before making a decision. 【答案】(d)iscuss 【详解】句意：在做决定之前，我们需要进一步讨论这个话题。根据首字母“d”及“topic”可推测，此处表示“讨论”，对应的动词为“discuss”。“need to do sth.”结构中，to后接动词原形，故填(d)iscuss。 3、 完成句子。 10．（2025·重庆北碚·三模）The head teacher told us when we would start classes in the meeting. (改为同义句) The head teacher told us when classes in the meeting. 【答案】 to start 【详解】句意：校长在会议上告诉我们什么时候开始上课。空格处表示“开始”，此处用“疑问词+不定式”结构，构成双重宾语(宾语补足语)。故填to；start。 11．（2025·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）学校运动会不仅能展示同学们的运动天赋，而且还能让我们齐心协力。（完成译句） The school sports meeting can not only show students’ sports talents, but also help us to . 【答案】 pull/work together 【详解】根据中文提示，空格处缺少“齐心协力”的表达，可以用动词短语pull/work together表示；help sb to do sth意为“帮助某人做某事”，所以第一空的动词用原形。故填pull/work；together。 12．（2025·重庆九龙坡·二模）hard, I, find, it, spoken, improve, to, English (连词成句) . 【答案】I find it hard to improve spoken English 【详解】根据所给标点可知应用陈述句的形式，分析所给单词，I作主语，find作谓语，it作形式宾语，hard作宾语补足语，to improve spoken English作真正的宾语，位于句末。故答案为：I find it hard to improve spoken English“我发现提高英语口语很难”。 13．（2025·重庆渝中·二模）was, to, save, man, the, he, brave, old, enough (连词成句) . 【答案】He was brave enough to save the old man 【详解】根据所给词可知，此句是陈述句。he是主语，was是be动词，brave“勇敢的”作表语，enough修饰形容词brave要后置，to save the old man是动词不定式作目的状语。按照陈述句主谓表及修饰成分的结构组合起来，故填He was brave enough to save the old man“他足够勇敢去救那位老人”。 14．（2025·重庆·一模）Can you tell me how I can learn English well? (改为同义句) Can you tell me learn English well? 【答案】 how to 【详解】句意：你能告诉我该如何学习英语吗？改为同义句，原句为宾语从句，可改为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，用疑问词how表示“如何”，动词learn表示“学习”，其不定式结构为to learn。故填how；to。 15．（2025·重庆·中考真题）Sorry, you are not old enough to drive.（改为同义句） Sorry, you are young drive. 【答案】 too to 【详解】句意：对不起，你还不够大，不能开车。此处可改为“你太年轻不能开车”，用结构too...to...。故填too；to。 16．（2025·重庆·中考真题）to be, want, a writer, I, in the future（连词成句） . 【答案】I want to be a writer in the future 【详解】根据标点符号可知该句为陈述句。分析所给单词，I作主语，want作谓语；to be作宾语；a writer作表语；in the future作时间状语。故答案为：I want to be a writer in the future“将来我要成为一名作家”。 考点二 动名词 动名词 一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成 动名词由“动词原形＋-ing”构成，它具有名词的性质，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语，同时又保留了动词的性质，可以有自己的宾语和状语。 2、 动名词的句法功能 1.作主语 动名词作主语，放在句子的前面，但当动名词短语较长时，为了使句子保持平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放到句子的末尾。如： Reading makes a man perfect.阅读使人完美。 Finding work is difficult these days.现在找工作很困难。 2.作宾语 ①动名词作宾语，既可用于及物动词和短语动词后作宾语，也可用于介词后作介词的宾语。 动词enjoy , practice , finish , mind , miss , keep , suggest , imagine , consider等后面接动名词作宾语。某些由介词构成的短语动词，如be interested in , be proud of , be used to , feel like , give up , think of , take part in等之后也接动名词作宾语。 He practices speaking English every day. We are proud of being Chinese. We are used to living in this city . ②下列动词或形容词want，require，need，worth后跟动名词作宾语时，主动形式表被动意义。 The book is worth reading.这本书值得读。 The house requires repairing at once.这座房子需要马上维修。 3.作定语 动名词或短语作定语，有的放在它所修饰的名词之前，有的放在它所修饰的名词之后。 ①单个的动名词作定语时，总是位于被修饰的名词之前，说明被修饰名词的目的、用途或特征。 China is a developing country.中国是一个发展中国家。 Would you please give me some writing paper？请给一些书写纸好吗？ ②动名词后接名词、代词或副词构成的短语作定语时，总是位于所修饰的名词之后，说明名词所处的状态或进行的动作。 The boy studying in the classroom is Li Lei.在教室里学习的那个男孩是李雷。 Don't trouble the dog sleeping over there .不要惹是生非。 4.作宾语补足语 动名词作宾语补足语，放在宾语的后面。 I watched them playing volleyball on the playground.我看他们在操场上打排球了。 Don't have your guest standing there.不要让客人站在那里。 用动名词作宾语补足语的常用动词有： ①表示感觉、知觉的动词：hear，see，watch，notice，feel，look at，listen to等。 I heard her singing in the next door.我听见她在隔壁唱歌。 ②动词find，get，have，keep，leave，send，suggest等。 I found the missing boy playing by the river.我发现那个失踪的男孩在河边玩。 5.作表语 动名词作表语，有两种情况：①当动名词具有名词性质时，动名词短语说明主语的内容；②当动名词具有形容词性质时，动名词说明主语的性质或特征。 His job is teaching English.他的工作是教英语。（说明工作的内容） His job is interesting.他的工作很有趣。（说明工作的特征） 注意:当动词-ing的动作是主语所发出时，句子不是系表结构，而是现在进行时。 He is teaching Japanese at that school.他在那所学校教日语。（现在进行时） 6.特别注意： ①英语中有一些词或短语后面常跟动名词作宾语 。可按下面的顺口溜记忆： 完成练习值得忙( finish , practice , be worth , be busy) 继续习惯别放弃( keep on , be used to , give up) 考虑建议不禁想( consider , suggest , can’t help , feel like) 喜欢思念要介意( enjoy , miss , mind) ②下列短语中的 to 为介词，后面应加动名词作宾语。 make contributions to 为……做贡献devote oneself to . . . 致力于… … pay attention to doing sth.注意… …be used to doing sth.习惯于… … look forward to . . . 期盼… … prefer. . . to . . . 比起……更喜欢 … … 7.易混易错点： 1) stop doing/to do stop to do　停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。They stop to smoke a cigarette.　 stop doing　停止做某事。I must stop smoking. 2) forget doing/to do （同remember） forget to do　忘记要去做某事（未做) The light is still on. He forgot to turn it off.(没有关灯) forget doing　忘记做过某事(已做) He forgot turning the light off. ( 已做过关灯的动作) 3) regret doing/to do regret to do　 对要做的事遗憾。(未做)I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. regret doing　 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。(已做) I don't regret telling her what I thought. 4) try doing/to do 　try to do　　努力，企图做某事。You must try to be more careful.　 try doing　 试验，试着做某事。 I tried gardening but didn't succeed. 6) go on doing/to do go on to do做了一件事后接着做另一件。After finishing his maths，he went on to do art. go on doing　 继续做原来做的事。 7) mean doing/to do mean to do打算做。 I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. mean doing意味着做。To raise wage means increasing purchasing power(购买力）. 一、单项选择 1．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes is widely considered as the ideal ________ time. A．sporting B．shopping C．dressing D．eating 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在20到30分钟内吃完一顿饭被普遍认为是理想的吃饭时间。 考查动名词辨析。sporting体育运动；shopping购物；dressing穿衣服；eating吃。根据“Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes”可知，是指吃饭的时间。故选D。 2．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）The teachers used to ________ key points on the blackboard, but now they are getting used to ________ them through PPTs. A．write; showing B．writing; show C．write; show D．writing; showing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：老师们过去常常在黑板上写关键点，但现在他们习惯于通过PPT展示。 考查非谓语动词。used to do sth表示“过去常常做某事”，可排除BD选项；get used to doing sth表示“习惯于做某事”，可排除C选项。故选A。 3．The poor lady walked from house to house, ________ for some money. A．to ask B．have asked C．asking D．asked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位可怜的女士挨家挨户地走，讨要一些钱。 考查非谓语动词。根据“The poor lady walked from house to house, ...for some money.”以及选项可知，应用现在分词形式asking，作伴随状语，表示主动的、与主句动作同时发生的伴随动作。故选C。 4．The old temple ________ by workers now will become a popular tourist attraction in Nanjing. A．repaired B．being repaired C．repairing D．to repair 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这座正在被工人们修理的古老寺庙将成为南京的一个热门旅游景点。 考查非谓语动词作定语。空白处需用现在分词的被动形式being repaired表示正在进行的被动动作“正在被修理”，与“now”呼应。故选B。 5．—The boy ________ to his parents. In fact, he didn’t do his homework in the room. —Yes. His parents found him ________ on the bed listening to music. A．lied; lies B．lay; lying C．lied; lying D．lay; lied 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——男孩对父母撒谎了。事实上，他并没有在房间做作业。——是的。他的父母发现他躺在床上听音乐。考查时态和非谓语动词。lie to sb.“对某人撒谎”，根据“ In fact, he didn’t do his homework in the room.”可知，此处为过去时，lie的过去式为lied；lie on the bed“躺在床上”，此处需用现在分词作宾语补足语，表示“被发现时正躺着”，lie的现在分词形式为lying。故选C。 6．We saw some birds ______ happily in the trees when we walked through the park yesterday. A．sing B．to sing C．singing D．sang 【答案】C 【详解】句意：昨天当我们穿过公园时，我们看到一些鸟在树上快乐地唱歌。 考查非谓语动词。see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”；see sb. do sth.“看见某人做了某事”。根据“when we walked through the park yesterday.”可知，强调过去某一时刻正在发生的动作。故选C。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空。 7．（2025·重庆渝中·一模）She sticks to (practice) the piano for two hours every day, so her skills have improved a lot. 【答案】practicing 【详解】句意：她坚持每天练习钢琴两小时，所以她的技巧已经提升了很多。根据“stick to doing sth. (坚持做某事)”的固定搭配可知，to为介词，其后需接动名词形式。“practice”的动名词形式为“practicing”，意为“练习”。故填practicing。 8．（2023·重庆九龙坡·一模）You are halfway to (solve) a problem just by talking to someone about it. 【答案】solving 【详解】句意：你只需要和别人谈谈就解决了问题一半了。be halfway to doing sth 表示“做事情的一部分或一半” ，此处的to是介词，后接动名词形式，故填solving。 考点三 分词 分词 一、分词的构成 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种 。现在分词由“ 动词原形＋-ing ”构成；过去分词的基本形式是“ 动词原形＋-ed”, 但也有不规则的形式 。现在分词有主动、进行之意 。过去分词有被动、完成之意。 二、现在分词的时态和语态 时态 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 (not) doing (not) being done 进行式 (not) having done (not) having been done Walking down the street, he hears someone calling him.在街上走着，他听到有人叫他。 Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.我们几乎花光了所有的钱，没有钱住宾馆了。 Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.由于不知道她的住址，我们无法和她取得联系。 The area being studied is called an archaeological site.正在被研究的那个地方被称作考古地。 The houses being built are for the teachers.正在建的那些房子是给老师们的。 三、分词的基本用法 1.分词作定语 现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语是它所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词。 Do you know the girl standing under the tree? 你认识正站在树下面的那个女孩吗？ Please hand in your written exercises.请交上你们的书面练习。 2.分词作状语 在分词的一般式，即doing表示动作和谓语动词的动作同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系。现在分词的完成式即having done表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。现在分词在句中作结果、时间、原因、伴随、方式、条件、让步等状语。 It hasn’t rained for a month, making the crops hard to grow. (作结果状语，常用于句尾) 一个月没下雨了，庄家很难生长。 When reading the novel, I heard the telephone ring.（作时间状语，分词前面可加when, while等词。）看小说时我听到电话响了。 Living far from the school, he has to get up early every morning.（原因状语）由于住的离学校远，他必修每天早起。 Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.(主动意义，非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生)看到没人在家，她决定给他们留个便条。 Having waited for an hour, he realized he had left his wallet at home.(主动意义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前)等了一个小时后，他意识到他把钱包落在了家中。 Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.(被动意义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前)我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。 过去分词短语作状语时可表示时间、原因、条件、伴随和结果等，也可以改为相应的从句或并列句。 Given enough money, I'd buy that car at once.=If I am given enough money, I'd buy that car at once.如果有足够的钱，我会马上买下那辆车。 Frightened by the noise outside, the little girl dared not sleep in her bedroom.由于受到外面噪音的惊吓，小女孩不敢在卧室里睡觉了。 易错点：在when，while，if，as if，though，as，until，once，whether，unless，where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句主语相同的主语和be动词，形成“连词＋分词短语”结构。 When treated with kindness，he was very lovely.当友好地对待他时，他很可爱。 3.分词作表语 现在分词表示主语的性质、特征，过去分词表示某种状态。 The book was rather boring. 这本书相当枯燥乏味。 The boy is too frightened to move.这个男孩太害怕了，以至于不能动了。 4.分词作补语 现在分词作宾语补足语，宾语是它的逻辑主语；过去分词作宾语补足语，宾语是它的逻辑宾语。 Don’t keep us waiting for a long time. 不要让我们等得太久。 He’ll have his hair cut after school. 放学后他要去理发。 5.易错易混辨析 ①现在分词作宾补与不定式作宾补的区别：动词如 see , watch , notice , hear 等，接不带 to 的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接现在分词作宾补，表示正在进行的动作 。 I heard him singing in the classroom. 我听到他正在教室里唱歌。（动作正在进行） I heard him sing in the classroom. 我听到他在教室里唱歌了。（动作已经结束） I saw him going up the stairs .我看见他正在上楼 。（“上楼”这个动作正在进行） I saw him go up the stairs .我看见他上楼了 。（“上楼”这个动作已经完成） ②have sb. do sth. , have sb. /sth. doing sth.和have sth. done 的区别 (1) have sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”，have 可以用 let 或 make 代替 。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生 。如： The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father. 士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。 (2) have sb ./sth. doing sth. 意为“让某人／物一直做某事”。have可以用keep代替，现在分词( doing)所表示的动作往往具有持续进行的含义 。如： The two men had their lights burning all night long .那两个男人让灯通宵亮着。 (3)have sth. done 意为“让别人做某事”，即 ask sb. else to do sth. , 过去分词(done)所表示的动作由他人（非主语本身）来完成。如： The driver had his car washed once a week.这个司机一周让人洗一次车。 一、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1．She wants to get her old bike (repair) at the shop downtown this coming weekend. 【答案】repaired 【详解】句意：她打算这个周末去市中心的店里把她的旧自行车修一下。“get sth. done”是固定结构，意为“让某物被……”，其中“sth.”是宾语，过去分词作宾语补足语，表被动含义（此处自行车是“被修理”）。repair“修理”，动词，其过去分词形式是“repaired”。故填repaired。 2．The old building (build) in the 19th century has become a popular tourist attraction. 【答案】built 【详解】句意：这座建于19世纪的老建筑已成为热门旅游景点。结合语境，空格处需作定语修饰“the old building”，表示“被建造”的被动关系，且“in the 19th century”表明建造动作发生在过去。过去分词built可作后置定语，表被动和完成，符合“老建筑是过去被建造”的语境，故填built。 3．I found him (cry) when I saw him after school. 【答案】crying 【详解】句意：放学后我看到他时，发现他正在哭。结合下文“when I saw him after school.”可知，此处表示放学后看到他时，发现他正在哭，所以用“cry”的现在分词形式“crying”。故填crying。 4． (move) by their pictures, I decided to hold a charity sale. 【答案】Moved 【详解】句意：被他们的照片所感动，我决定举办一次慈善义卖。根据“…by their pictures, I decided to hold a charity sale.”可知，句子为简单句，且句中已有谓语动词“decided”，因此“move”需用非谓语形式。“move”与主语“I”之间是动宾关系，空处应用过去分词形式“moved”作原因状语，表示“因为被……感动”，且句首首字母大写。故填Moved。 5．This (use) laptop still works well, so I decided to give it to my little cousin who needs it for studying. 【答案】used 【详解】句意：这台用过的笔记本电脑仍然很好用，所以我决定把它送给我的小表弟，他需要它来学习。根据提示可知，此处缺形容词修饰名词laptop，故用过去分词“used”来表示“用过的”，作前置定语。故填used。 6． (compare) with other sports, ball games are more popular among my classmates. 【答案】Compared 【详解】句意：与其他运动相比，球类运动在我的同学中更受欢迎。分析句子可知，此处应填非谓语动词，逻辑主语与动词compare之间是被动关系，所以用其过去分词作状语，句首首字母要大写。故填Compared。 7．Autumn is the best time to go outside, (admire) the beauty of nature and flying kites. 【答案】admiring 【详解】句意：秋天是出去的最佳时间，去欣赏大自然的美景和放风筝。admire与逻辑主语Autumn（或主语省略时默认为人）之间是主动关系，即人们主动去欣赏美景，所以要用现在分词形式作状语，表示伴随的动作。故填admiring。 8． (carry) the national flag, table tennis legend Ma Long proudly (lead) the Chinese delegation into the opening ceremony of the Paris 2024 Olympics. 【答案】Carrying led 【详解】句意：举着国旗，乒乓球传奇人物马龙自豪地带领中国代表团进入2024年巴黎奥运会开幕式。根据“...the national flag”可知，第一空表示伴随动作，用现在分词形式carrying，位于句首，首字母要大写；结合“2024”可知，第二空叙述过去发生的事，用一般过去时，lead的过去式为led。故填Carrying；led。 9．Today, I want to express (表达) my thanks to my parents (care) about me most in my daily life. 【答案】caring 【详解】句意：今天，我想向在我日常生活中最关心我的父母表达我的感谢。根据句子结构可知，此处用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词“parents”，且“parents”与“care”之间是主动关系，表示“关心我的父母”，所以用现在分词形式。care“关心”，动词，其现在分词形式为caring。故填caring。 10．Don’t worry if you have difficulty (pronounce) some long and tricky words at first. Just keep trying and you will get better. 【答案】pronouncing 【详解】句意：如果一开始你发某些长而难读的单词有困难，别担心。只要坚持练习，你就会越来越熟练。pronounce“发音”，动词，根据“Don’t worry if you have difficulty...some long and tricky words at first.”可知，have difficulty (in) doing sth.“做某事有困难”，因此此处用动名词形式，pronounce的动名词形式为pronouncing。故填pronouncing。 11．If you keep on going to bed early, you’ll be used to (get) up early soon. 【答案】getting 【详解】句意：如果你坚持早睡，你很快就会习惯早起。根据“be used to”可知，be used to doing sth.是固定短语，意为“习惯做某事”，to是介词，后接动词的动名词形式。get的动名词形式为getting。故填getting。 二、完成句子 12．The wolf was crying. I saw it when I passed the woods.（合并为一句） The wolf was when I passed the woods. 【答案】seen crying 【详解】句意：那只狼在哭泣。当我经过森林的时候，我看到了它。合并为一句时，可表述为“当我经过森林时，那只狼被看到在哭泣”，此处需用被动语态，其结构为“be + done”，see的过去分词是“seen”，crying作主语补足语，补充说明主语（the wolf）正在进行的动作。故填seen；crying。 13．当听到她的建议，我很后悔以前没有多练习发音。 When her advice, I deeply not my pronunciation more often earlier in the past. 【答案】hearing regretted practicing 【详解】根据中文提示可知，第一个空表示“听到”，这句话是时间状语从句的省略形式，完整形式为“When I heard her advice”，省略后用现在分词“hearing”表主动动作；第二空和第三空使用固定搭配“regret not doing sth.”，意为“后悔没做过某事”，时态为一般过去时，第二空用过去式“regretted”；“练习”对应“practice”，第三空需用动名词形式“practicing”。故填hearing；regretted；practicing。 14．（2025·重庆九龙坡·三模）makes, listening, me, to, relaxed, music, soft（连词成句） . 【答案】Listening to soft music makes me relaxed 【详解】根据所给词以及标点可知，句子是肯定句，句子主语是动名词短语Listening to soft music；谓语是makes，宾语是me，宾补是relaxed。故填Listening to soft music makes me relaxed“听轻柔的音乐让我放松”。 15．（2025·重庆·模拟预测）每一个学生都必须习惯于独立解决问题。(完成译句) Every student must get used to the problems by themselves. 【答案】 working out Ⅰ. 用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空 1. Students are asked ______ (do) this task by themselves. 2. The children did a lot of research in the lab ______ (finish) the science project. 3. The Internet can be a useful tool, but don’t let it ______ (take) up all of your time. 4. Jack doesn’t know how ______ (begin) to make new friends. 5. I am looking forward to ______ (show) my wonderful dancing moves at our party. 6. She kept ______ (regret) her decision to give up the job. 7. I have a healthy eating habit, so I have no trouble ______ (control) my weight. 8. The doctor did what he could ______ (save) the dying man. 9. You’ll surely have a good time ______ (visit) Kunming anytime of the year. 10. When I got to the gym, I saw some boys ______ (play) table tennis. 11. The boss warned the waitress not ______ (service) the customers impolitely. 12. He preferred staying at home to ______ (go) out because it rained heavily yesterday. 13. With the development of science, it’s easy for us ______ (imagine) living on Mars. 14. Jane is often seen ______ (help) the old man with his housework. 15. Never ______ (give) up easily is the key to success. 16. What way can you think of ______ (make) lanterns out of oranges? 17. Tom didn’t pass his driving test again. He had no choice but ______ (practise) hard every day. 18. ______ (protect) students’ eyesight, the school has changed the break time from 10 minutes to 15 minutes. 19. College students have more chances ______ (study) abroad through this program. 20. They were made ______ (stay) in the classroom until they finished the task. Ⅱ. 语法选择 (2025 重庆八中) China Media Group (CMG)’s Spring Festival Gala, known in Chinese as “Chunwan”, is 21 important part of the Chinese New Year celebrations and is 22 loved by Chinese people. CMG recently showed the theme and logo for 23 2025 Spring Festival Gala. The theme of this year’s gala is “Year of the Snake, Keep Your Spirits 24 ”, and the logo 25 up of two “巳” characters placed side by side. This way of placing the characters is similar to the traditional Chinese style of placing a pair of ruyi (如意). Ruyi is widely used in China to express the hope that wishes 26 true, and the first half of the gala’s main theme comes from it. The second 27 is a fixed expression in the Chinese language that means the endless cycle of life. Later, CMG also introduced the mascot (吉祥物) of this year’s gala, Si Sheng Sheng. 28 inspiration (灵感) from traditional Chinese culture, the mascot looks like the character “巳” in oracle bone script (甲骨文), which stands 29 the snake in the Chinese zodiac (生肖). In Chinese, the “bat (蝠)” has the same 30 as “blessing”. So, with a bat pattern on its forehead and a “longevity” knot (“长寿”结) at the tip of its tail, the mascot means both blessing and good luck. With such elements, the 2025 Spring Festival Gala must be very special. 21. A. a B. an C. the 22. A. deeper B. deep C. deeply 23. A. it B. it’s C. its 24. A. Awake B. Wake C. Woken 25. A. is made B. made C. makes 26. A. come B. came C. will come 27. A. it B. one C. that 28. A. To draw B. Drawing C. Drawn 29. A. for B. by C. up 30. A. pronounce B. pronunciation C. pronouncing Ⅲ. 概要补全 (2025 重庆巴蜀) 阅读语篇，用自己的语言概括并补全概要中所缺信息，在空白处填入一个恰当的词或句子。（概要有60词，总词数不超过85词。） 学校将在文化艺术节举办世界文化分享会。最近，李华偶然读到一篇有关新加坡城市管理的杂志，志并打算写一篇总结进行分享。请帮助他一同完成这篇总结。 Singapore, known as the “Garden City”, has strict rules to keep its streets clean. In 1992, the government introduced a law to stop selling and bringing in chewing gum (口香糖). This decision came after much anger at gum stuck on sidewalks, elevators, and subway doors, which caused many problems in public places. With the help of the law, the city became much cleaner, and fewer costs were spent on cleaning work. Today, this remains one of Singapore’s most famous laws. To make sure people followed the law, the government set heavy fines (罚款). Those caught trading chewing gum could face a fine of up to $100,000, while littering with gum would be fined $2,000. When the law started, some praised it for making public spaces cleaner and it helped build a better city for everyone. While others called it unfair for it took away too much personal freedom. Thirty years later, however, the law has achieved great success. Streets and public places like bus stops and parks become cleaner without gum waste. Workers spend 30% less time cleaning, and people save a lot of money every year. Besides, Singapore as a green city grew stronger, bringing more tourists and businesses. More importantly, people realized that small changes (like giving up gum) could create a better environment for everyone. For those who miss chewing gum, Singapore offers a special solution: sugar-free gum. This kind of gum can be enjoyed safely without causing mess. People can only buy it in pharmacies (药房) with a doctor’s note. In this way, Singapore makes sure people can still feel happy. At the same time it also protects the environment with strict rules. one local said, “We get the best of both.” Singapore made a strict chewing gum law in 1992. The purpose was to keep the city clean and 31 . When the law began, 32 . Over the years, it has proved (证明) to be highly successful. The law made Singapore 33 , saving cleaning time and money and bringing in more tourists. Singapore also allows sugar-free gum with a doctor’s note. This special solution shows that 34 . 【答案与解析】 Ⅰ. 用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空 1. to do解析：考查被动语态中不定式的用法，ask sb. to do sth. 的被动形式为 sb. be asked to do sth.，故填to do。 2. to finish解析：考查不定式作目的状语，孩子们做研究的目的是完成科学项目，用to do形式。 3. take解析：考查使役动词let的用法，let sb./sth. do sth. 后接动词原形，故填take。 4. to begin解析：考查“疑问词+不定式”结构，how to do sth. 作know的宾语，填to begin。 5. showing解析：考查固定搭配look forward to doing sth.（期待做某事），to为介词，后接动名词。 6. regretting解析：考查固定搭配keep doing sth.（持续做某事），填动名词regretting。 7. controlling解析：考查固定搭配have no trouble (in) doing sth.（做某事没困难），in可省略，填动名词。 8. to save解析：考查不定式作目的状语，医生竭尽所能的目的是拯救垂死的人，用to save。 9. visiting解析：考查固定搭配have a good time doing sth.（做某事很开心），填动名词。 10. playing解析：考查感官动词see的用法，see sb. doing sth. 表示“看到某人正在做某事”，此处指看到男孩们正在打乒乓球，填playing。 11. to serve 解析：考查固定搭配warn sb. not to do sth.（警告某人不要做某事），填不定式to serve（注意题干中service为名词，需转换为动词serve）。 12. going 解析：考查固定搭配prefer doing sth. to doing sth.（比起做某事更喜欢做某事），to为介词，后接动名词。 13. to imagine 解析：考查固定句型it’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth.，it作形式主语，真正主语为不定式，填to imagine。 14. to help 解析：考查感官动词的被动语态，see sb. do sth. 的被动形式为sb. be seen to do sth.，to需还原，填to help。 15. giving 解析：考查动名词作主语，“永不轻言放弃”是句子主语，用动名词giving（原答案to give有误，不定式作主语多表具体动作，此处表抽象概念用动名词更合适）。 16. to make 解析：考查不定式作后置定语，think of a way to do sth.（想做某事的方法），to make修饰way。 17. to practise 解析：考查固定搭配have no choice but to do sth.（别无选择只能做某事），填不定式。 18. To protect 解析：考查不定式作目的状语，学校调整休息时间的目的是保护学生视力，句首大写填To protect。 19. to study 解析：考查固定搭配have chances to do sth.（有做某事的机会），填不定式。 20. to stay解析：考查使役动词的被动语态，make sb. do sth. 的被动形式为sb. be made to do sth.，to需还原。 Ⅱ. 语法选择 (2025 重庆八中) 21. B (an)解析：考查冠词，important以元音音素开头，表“一个重要部分”用an。 22. C (deeply)解析：考查副词修饰动词，loved是动词，用副词deeply（深深地）修饰，deep作副词表具体深度，不符合语境。 23. C (its)解析：考查物主代词，此处指“2025年春晚的主题和标志”，用形容词性物主代词its。 24. A (Awake)解析：考查固定短语Keep Your Spirits Awake（精神抖擞），Awake为形容词作宾补。 25. A (is made)解析：考查被动语态，logo与make up of（由……组成）是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态。 26. C (will come)解析：考查时态，希望愿望“将会实现”，用一般将来时will come。 27. B (one)解析：考查代词，one指代前面的“expression”，表泛指“另一个表达”，it表特指，that表远指，均不符合。 28. B (Drawing)解析：考查现在分词作状语，mascot与draw inspiration是主动关系，用现在分词。 29. A (for)解析：考查固定搭配stand for（代表），此处指甲骨文的“巳”代表生肖蛇。 30. B (pronunciation)解析：考查名词，the same后接名词，pronunciation（发音）是名词，pronounce是动词，pronouncing是动名词，此处指“发音相同”，用名词形式。 Ⅲ. 概要补全 (2025 重庆巴蜀) 31. solve public place problems 解析：根据原文“which caused many problems in public places”，法律目的除了保持城市干净，还为了解决公共场所的问题。 32. people had different opinions 解析：原文提到“some praised it... While others called it unfair”，说明法律实施初期人们意见不一。 33. a cleaner and stronger green city 解析：根据“Streets and public places... become cleaner”和“Singapore as a green city grew stronger”总结。 34. it can balance people’s needs and environmental protection 解析：根据最后一句“We get the best of both”，说明该方案平衡了人们的需求和环境保护。 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 非谓语动词 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 2 03 考点通关·靶向突破 3 ★ 考点一 动词不定式 3 ★ 考点二 动名词 6 ★ 考点三 分词 10 04 优题精选·练能提分 13 名词 课程分析 考情剖析 非谓语动词是重庆中考英语语法的核心高频必考点，涵盖动词不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、分词（现在分词doing/过去分词done）三类，在单选、完形填空、短文填空等题型中均有考查，分值稳定在3-5分。 考情关键：单选必考固定搭配/目的状语，完形偶考分词作定语，短文填空高频考不定式省略to或动名词作主语，本地语境为特色。其考情聚焦固定搭配、语境功能辨析，常结合重庆本地场景（如洪崖洞、火锅、城市建设等）命题。 命题预测 命题趋势上，高频固定搭配、to do与doing易混点、分词逻辑主语关系仍是重点，题型分布保持稳定； 命题重点：高频搭配（如enjoy doing、want to do）、易混辨析（如stop to do/doing）、分词主动/被动关系，潜在难点为分词作状语的逻辑主语一致性。 解题锦囊 解题核心在于先找句子谓语，再判非谓语功能，最后结合固定搭配或逻辑关系确定形式。解题技巧：一找谓语（确定非谓语使用前提），二判功能（主语/宾语/定语/状语），三定形式（固定搭配优先，无搭配则看主动/被动、进行/完成关系）；熟记使役/感官动词后不定式省略to的规则及被动还原to，警惕介词to后接动名词的陷阱。 考点一 不定式 一、动词不定式的构成 动词不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以省略 to , 这里的 to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是 not+ ( to+ ) 动词原形 。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。 二、动词不定式的句法功能 功能 例句 说明 主语 To speak English is not easy for us. =It is not easy for us to speak English. 作主语的不定式，常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。 表语 My work is to clean the room everyday. =To clean the room every day is my work. 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。 宾语 —What sports does he like to play? —He likes to play basketball. 只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。 宾补 My mother made me play the piano all the time. 在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。 定语 Have you got anything to drink? 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。 状语 I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因）。 I went to the library to study English.（表目的） 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。 1.不定式作主语 ①动词不定式作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，避免句子头重脚轻。如：To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well. 如果要说明不定式表示的动作的执行者，可以在不定式前加一个 for 短语 。其结构为 It+be+adj. +for sb . +to do sth. It’s important for us to protect the environment. 在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词（ 如 kind , good , nice , wise , clever , polite等）作表语时，不定式之前可以加一个 of 短语，用来说明动作的执行者 。 其结构为 It+be+adj. +of sb . +to do sth. It’s not polite of him to speak to old people like that. It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 ②两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列时，第一个不定式带 to , 后面的不定式通常省略 to To go to sleep early and get up early is a good habit. 2.不定式作宾语 有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，不定式用在及物动词后作宾语，常见的及物动词有 begin , choose , continue , decide , expect , fail , forget , hate , help , hope , learn , manage , mean , need , offer , plan , prefer , pretend , promise , refuse , try , afford , agree , start , like 如： Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？ ②在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。 I find it easy to read English every day. 3.不定式作宾语补足语 ①有些谓语动词后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。动词有：want , ask , tell , allow , get , would like , advise , encourage 等。 如：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。 ②一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略 to。这些动词有一感( feel) 、二听( hear , listen to) 、三让( let , make , have) 、四看( look at , see , watch , notice) ，但变被动语态时必须加上 to。 I often hear Li Ming sing in the next room. ③动词 help 后面的不定式，可以带 to , 也可以不带 to。 You must help me ( to ) do my homework this afternoon. 4.不定式作定语 ①不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 I have some clothes to wash. 注意：如果不定式是不及物动词，且与它所修饰的词构成逻辑上的被动关系，则作定语的不定式要加上相应的介词；但是，当不定式修饰的名词是 time , place 或 way时，不定式后面习惯上要省略介词。 He is looking for a room to live in. We have a lot of things to talk about. My grandma had no place to live( in) in the old days . ②不定式修饰something , anything , nothing时，放在它们的后面，如果something , anything , nothing 有形容词修饰，词序是：something/anything/nothing+ 形容词 +不定式. I had something cold to drink. 5.不定式作状语 不定式经常作目的状语，可位于句首或句末。 To get there on time, we set out at five in the morning. 和某些形容词连用构成“be+形容词＋不定式”结构，作原因状语。 We are sorry to trouble you. 作程度或结果状语时，常与 enough（ 表示肯定）或 too（ 表示否定）连用。 He is old enough to go to school. He is too young to go to school. 6.作表语 表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等，通常对连系动词前面的名词进行解释说明。 His wish is to become a doctor. 7.与疑问词连用 不定式常和疑问词 what , which , when , where , how 连用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 常接＂疑问词+to的不定式＂的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。 My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。 He didn’t know where he should go.=He didn’t know where to go. 一、单项选择 1. (2025 重庆中考) He decided ______ something to help. A. to do B. doing C. do 2．（2025·西藏·中考真题）Our teacher advises us ________ ourselves in the sunshine. A．enjoy B．to enjoy C．enjoyed D．enjoying 3. (2024 重庆A卷·语法选择) When I was a child, I wanted ______ someone like my father. A. to be B. be C. being 4．（2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Kitty will go to the English Corner ______ her English this Saturday afternoon. A．to practise B．practising C．practised D．practise 5．（2025·吉林长春·中考真题）________ eyes healthy, we students should spend less time on screens. A．To keep B．Keep C．Kept D．Keeping 6．（2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题）We need more work ________ our sky clearer, water cleaner and air fresher. A．make B．to make C．makes D．made 7．（2025·江苏扬州·中考真题）We should build on past achievements and work together ________ a better world. A．make B．making C．made D．to make 2、 用所给词的适当形式填空。 8．（2025·重庆渝中·一模）Remember (turn) the lights off before we go out. 9．（2025·重庆渝中·一模）We need to d this topic further before making a decision. 3、 完成句子。 10．（2025·重庆北碚·三模）The head teacher told us when we would start classes in the meeting. (改为同义句) The head teacher told us when classes in the meeting. 11．（2025·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）学校运动会不仅能展示同学们的运动天赋，而且还能让我们齐心协力。（完成译句） The school sports meeting can not only show students’ sports talents, but also help us to . 12．（2025·重庆九龙坡·二模）hard, I, find, it, spoken, improve, to, English (连词成句) . 13．（2025·重庆渝中·二模）was, to, save, man, the, he, brave, old, enough (连词成句) . 14．（2025·重庆·一模）Can you tell me how I can learn English well? (改为同义句) Can you tell me learn English well? 15．（2025·重庆·中考真题）Sorry, you are not old enough to drive.（改为同义句） Sorry, you are young drive. 16．（2025·重庆·中考真题）to be, want, a writer, I, in the future（连词成句） . 考点二 动名词 动名词 一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成 动名词由“动词原形＋-ing”构成，它具有名词的性质，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语，同时又保留了动词的性质，可以有自己的宾语和状语。 2、 动名词的句法功能 1.作主语 动名词作主语，放在句子的前面，但当动名词短语较长时，为了使句子保持平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放到句子的末尾。如： Reading makes a man perfect.阅读使人完美。 Finding work is difficult these days.现在找工作很困难。 2.作宾语 ①动名词作宾语，既可用于及物动词和短语动词后作宾语，也可用于介词后作介词的宾语。 动词enjoy , practice , finish , mind , miss , keep , suggest , imagine , consider等后面接动名词作宾语。某些由介词构成的短语动词，如be interested in , be proud of , be used to , feel like , give up , think of , take part in等之后也接动名词作宾语。 He practices speaking English every day. We are proud of being Chinese. We are used to living in this city . ②下列动词或形容词want，require，need，worth后跟动名词作宾语时，主动形式表被动意义。 The book is worth reading.这本书值得读。 The house requires repairing at once.这座房子需要马上维修。 3.作定语 动名词或短语作定语，有的放在它所修饰的名词之前，有的放在它所修饰的名词之后。 ①单个的动名词作定语时，总是位于被修饰的名词之前，说明被修饰名词的目的、用途或特征。 China is a developing country.中国是一个发展中国家。 Would you please give me some writing paper？请给一些书写纸好吗？ ②动名词后接名词、代词或副词构成的短语作定语时，总是位于所修饰的名词之后，说明名词所处的状态或进行的动作。 The boy studying in the classroom is Li Lei.在教室里学习的那个男孩是李雷。 Don't trouble the dog sleeping over there .不要惹是生非。 4.作宾语补足语 动名词作宾语补足语，放在宾语的后面。 I watched them playing volleyball on the playground.我看他们在操场上打排球了。 Don't have your guest standing there.不要让客人站在那里。 用动名词作宾语补足语的常用动词有： ①表示感觉、知觉的动词：hear，see，watch，notice，feel，look at，listen to等。 I heard her singing in the next door.我听见她在隔壁唱歌。 ②动词find，get，have，keep，leave，send，suggest等。 I found the missing boy playing by the river.我发现那个失踪的男孩在河边玩。 5.作表语 动名词作表语，有两种情况：①当动名词具有名词性质时，动名词短语说明主语的内容；②当动名词具有形容词性质时，动名词说明主语的性质或特征。 His job is teaching English.他的工作是教英语。（说明工作的内容） His job is interesting.他的工作很有趣。（说明工作的特征） 注意:当动词-ing的动作是主语所发出时，句子不是系表结构，而是现在进行时。 He is teaching Japanese at that school.他在那所学校教日语。（现在进行时） 6.特别注意： ①英语中有一些词或短语后面常跟动名词作宾语 。可按下面的顺口溜记忆： 完成练习值得忙( finish , practice , be worth , be busy) 继续习惯别放弃( keep on , be used to , give up) 考虑建议不禁想( consider , suggest , can’t help , feel like) 喜欢思念要介意( enjoy , miss , mind) ②下列短语中的 to 为介词，后面应加动名词作宾语。 make contributions to 为……做贡献devote oneself to . . . 致力于… … pay attention to doing sth.注意… …be used to doing sth.习惯于… … look forward to . . . 期盼… … prefer. . . to . . . 比起……更喜欢 … … 7.易混易错点： 1) stop doing/to do stop to do　停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。They stop to smoke a cigarette.　 stop doing　停止做某事。I must stop smoking. 2) forget doing/to do （同remember） forget to do　忘记要去做某事（未做) The light is still on. He forgot to turn it off.(没有关灯) forget doing　忘记做过某事(已做) He forgot turning the light off. ( 已做过关灯的动作) 3) regret doing/to do regret to do　 对要做的事遗憾。(未做)I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. regret doing　 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。(已做) I don't regret telling her what I thought. 4) try doing/to do 　try to do　　努力，企图做某事。You must try to be more careful.　 try doing　 试验，试着做某事。 I tried gardening but didn't succeed. 6) go on doing/to do go on to do做了一件事后接着做另一件。After finishing his maths，he went on to do art. go on doing　 继续做原来做的事。 7) mean doing/to do mean to do打算做。 I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. mean doing意味着做。To raise wage means increasing purchasing power(购买力）. 一、单项选择 1．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes is widely considered as the ideal_______ time. A．sporting B．shopping C．dressing D．eating 2．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）The teachers used to ________ key points on the blackboard, but now they are getting used to ________ them through PPTs. A．write; showing B．writing; show C．write; show D．writing; showing 3．The poor lady walked from house to house, ________ for some money. A．to ask B．have asked C．asking D．asked 4．The old temple ________ by workers now will become a popular tourist attraction in Nanjing. A．repaired B．being repaired C．repairing D．to repair 5．—The boy ________ to his parents. In fact, he didn’t do his homework in the room. —Yes. His parents found him ________ on the bed listening to music. A．lied; lies B．lay; lying C．lied; lying D．lay; lied 6．We saw some birds ______ happily in the trees when we walked through the park yesterday. A．sing B．to sing C．singing D．sang 二、用所给词的适当形式填空。 7．（2025·重庆渝中·一模）She sticks to (practice) the piano for two hours every day, so her skills have improved a lot. 8．（2023·重庆九龙坡·一模）You are halfway to (solve) a problem just by talking to someone about it. 考点三 分词 分词 一、分词的构成 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种 。现在分词由“ 动词原形＋-ing ”构成；过去分词的基本形式是“ 动词原形＋-ed”, 但也有不规则的形式 。现在分词有主动、进行之意 。过去分词有被动、完成之意。 二、现在分词的时态和语态 时态 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 (not) doing (not) being done 进行式 (not) having done (not) having been done Walking down the street, he hears someone calling him.在街上走着，他听到有人叫他。 Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.我们几乎花光了所有的钱，没有钱住宾馆了。 Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.由于不知道她的住址，我们无法和她取得联系。 The area being studied is called an archaeological site.正在被研究的那个地方被称作考古地。 The houses being built are for the teachers.正在建的那些房子是给老师们的。 三、分词的基本用法 1.分词作定语 现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语是它所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词。 Do you know the girl standing under the tree? 你认识正站在树下面的那个女孩吗？ Please hand in your written exercises.请交上你们的书面练习。 2.分词作状语 在分词的一般式，即doing表示动作和谓语动词的动作同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系。现在分词的完成式即having done表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。现在分词在句中作结果、时间、原因、伴随、方式、条件、让步等状语。 It hasn’t rained for a month, making the crops hard to grow. (作结果状语，常用于句尾) 一个月没下雨了，庄家很难生长。 When reading the novel, I heard the telephone ring.（作时间状语，分词前面可加when, while等词。）看小说时我听到电话响了。 Living far from the school, he has to get up early every morning.（原因状语）由于住的离学校远，他必修每天早起。 Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.(主动意义，非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生)看到没人在家，她决定给他们留个便条。 Having waited for an hour, he realized he had left his wallet at home.(主动意义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前)等了一个小时后，他意识到他把钱包落在了家中。 Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.(被动意义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前)我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。 过去分词短语作状语时可表示时间、原因、条件、伴随和结果等，也可以改为相应的从句或并列句。 Given enough money, I'd buy that car at once.=If I am given enough money, I'd buy that car at once.如果有足够的钱，我会马上买下那辆车。 Frightened by the noise outside, the little girl dared not sleep in her bedroom.由于受到外面噪音的惊吓，小女孩不敢在卧室里睡觉了。 易错点：在when，while，if，as if，though，as，until，once，whether，unless，where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句主语相同的主语和be动词，形成“连词＋分词短语”结构。 When treated with kindness，he was very lovely.当友好地对待他时，他很可爱。 3.分词作表语 现在分词表示主语的性质、特征，过去分词表示某种状态。 The book was rather boring. 这本书相当枯燥乏味。 The boy is too frightened to move.这个男孩太害怕了，以至于不能动了。 4.分词作补语 现在分词作宾语补足语，宾语是它的逻辑主语；过去分词作宾语补足语，宾语是它的逻辑宾语。 Don’t keep us waiting for a long time. 不要让我们等得太久。 He’ll have his hair cut after school. 放学后他要去理发。 5.易错易混辨析 ①现在分词作宾补与不定式作宾补的区别：动词如 see , watch , notice , hear 等，接不带 to 的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接现在分词作宾补，表示正在进行的动作 。 I heard him singing in the classroom. 我听到他正在教室里唱歌。（动作正在进行） I heard him sing in the classroom. 我听到他在教室里唱歌了。（动作已经结束） I saw him going up the stairs .我看见他正在上楼 。（“上楼”这个动作正在进行） I saw him go up the stairs .我看见他上楼了 。（“上楼”这个动作已经完成） ②have sb. do sth. , have sb. /sth. doing sth.和have sth. done 的区别 (1) have sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”，have 可以用 let 或 make 代替 。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生 。如： The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father. 士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。 (2) have sb ./sth. doing sth. 意为“让某人／物一直做某事”。have可以用keep代替，现在分词( doing)所表示的动作往往具有持续进行的含义 。如： The two men had their lights burning all night long .那两个男人让灯通宵亮着。 (3)have sth. done 意为“让别人做某事”，即 ask sb. else to do sth. , 过去分词(done)所表示的动作由他人（非主语本身）来完成。如： The driver had his car washed once a week.这个司机一周让人洗一次车。 一、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1．（2025·重庆·模拟预测）She wants to get her old bike (repair) at the shop downtown this coming weekend. 2．（2025·云南·真题）The old building (build) in the 19th century has become a popular tourist attraction. 3．（2025·四川·真题）I found him (cry) when I saw him after school. 4．（2025·上海·真题） (move) by their pictures, I decided to hold a charity sale. 5．（2025·重庆·模拟预测）This (use) laptop still works well, so I decided to give it to my little cousin who needs it for studying. 6．（2025·广东·真题） (compare) with other sports, ball games are more popular among my classmates. 7．（2025·四川·真题）Autumn is the best time to go outside, (admire) the beauty of nature and flying kites. 8．（2025·重庆·模拟预测） (carry) the national flag, table tennis legend Ma Long proudly (lead) the Chinese delegation into the opening ceremony of the Paris 2024 Olympics. 9．（2025·四川·真题）Today, I want to express my thanks to my parents (care) about me most in my daily life. 10．（2025·重庆·模拟预测）Don’t worry if you have difficulty (pronounce) some long and tricky words at first. Just keep trying and you will get better. 11．（2025·四川·真题）If you keep on going to bed early, you’ll be used to (get) up early soon. 二、完成句子 12．（2025·江苏·真题）The wolf was crying. I saw it when I passed the woods.（合并为一句） The wolf was when I passed the woods. 13．（2025·重庆·模拟预测）当听到她的建议，我很后悔以前没有多练习发音。 When her advice, I deeply not my pronunciation more often earlier in the past. 14．（2025·重庆九龙坡·三模）makes, listening, me, to, relaxed, music, soft（连词成句） . 15．（2025·重庆·模拟预测）每一个学生都必须习惯于独立解决问题。(完成译句) Every student must get used to the problems by themselves. Ⅰ. 用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空 1. Students are asked ______ (do) this task by themselves. 2. The children did a lot of research in the lab ______ (finish) the science project. 3. The Internet can be a useful tool, but don’t let it ______ (take) up all of your time. 4. Jack doesn’t know how ______ (begin) to make new friends. 5. I am looking forward to ______ (show) my wonderful dancing moves at our party. 6. She kept ______ (regret) her decision to give up the job. 7. I have a healthy eating habit, so I have no trouble ______ (control) my weight. 8. The doctor did what he could ______ (save) the dying man. 9. You’ll surely have a good time ______ (visit) Kunming anytime of the year. 10. When I got to the gym, I saw some boys ______ (play) table tennis. 11. The boss warned the waitress not ______ (service) the customers impolitely. 12. He preferred staying at home to ______ (go) out because it rained heavily yesterday. 13. With the development of science, it’s easy for us ______ (imagine) living on Mars. 14. Jane is often seen ______ (help) the old man with his housework. 15. Never ______ (give) up easily is the key to success. 16. What way can you think of ______ (make) lanterns out of oranges? 17. Tom didn’t pass his driving test again. He had no choice but ______ (practise) hard every day. 18. ______ (protect) students’ eyesight, the school has changed the break time from 10 minutes to 15 minutes. 19. College students have more chances ______ (study) abroad through this program. 20. They were made ______ (stay) in the classroom until they finished the task. Ⅱ. 语法选择 (2025 重庆八中) China Media Group (CMG)’s Spring Festival Gala, known in Chinese as “Chunwan”, is 21 important part of the Chinese New Year celebrations and is 22 loved by Chinese people. CMG recently showed the theme and logo for 23 2025 Spring Festival Gala. The theme of this year’s gala is “Year of the Snake, Keep Your Spirits 24 ”, and the logo 25 up of two “巳” characters placed side by side. This way of placing the characters is similar to the traditional Chinese style of placing a pair of ruyi (如意). Ruyi is widely used in China to express the hope that wishes 26 true, and the first half of the gala’s main theme comes from it. The second 27 is a fixed expression in the Chinese language that means the endless cycle of life. Later, CMG also introduced the mascot (吉祥物) of this year’s gala, Si Sheng Sheng. 28 inspiration (灵感) from traditional Chinese culture, the mascot looks like the character “巳” in oracle bone script (甲骨文), which stands 29 the snake in the Chinese zodiac (生肖). In Chinese, the “bat (蝠)” has the same 30 as “blessing”. So, with a bat pattern on its forehead and a “longevity” knot (“长寿”结) at the tip of its tail, the mascot means both blessing and good luck. With such elements, the 2025 Spring Festival Gala must be very special. 21. A. a B. an C. the 22. A. deeper B. deep C. deeply 23. A. it B. it’s C. its 24. A. Awake B. Wake C. Woken 25. A. is made B. made C. makes 26. A. come B. came C. will come 27. A. it B. one C. that 28. A. To draw B. Drawing C. Drawn 29. A. for B. by C. up 30. A. pronounce B. pronunciation C. pronouncing Ⅲ. 概要补全 (2025 重庆巴蜀) 阅读语篇，用自己的语言概括并补全概要中所缺信息，在空白处填入一个恰当的词或句子。（概要有60词，总词数不超过85词。） 学校将在文化艺术节举办世界文化分享会。最近，李华偶然读到一篇有关新加坡城市管理的杂志，志并打算写一篇总结进行分享。请帮助他一同完成这篇总结。 Singapore, known as the “Garden City”, has strict rules to keep its streets clean. In 1992, the government introduced a law to stop selling and bringing in chewing gum (口香糖). This decision came after much anger at gum stuck on sidewalks, elevators, and subway doors, which caused many problems in public places. With the help of the law, the city became much cleaner, and fewer costs were spent on cleaning work. Today, this remains one of Singapore’s most famous laws. To make sure people followed the law, the government set heavy fines (罚款). Those caught trading chewing gum could face a fine of up to $100,000, while littering with gum would be fined $2,000. When the law started, some praised it for making public spaces cleaner and it helped build a better city for everyone. While others called it unfair for it took away too much personal freedom. Thirty years later, however, the law has achieved great success. Streets and public places like bus stops and parks become cleaner without gum waste. Workers spend 30% less time cleaning, and people save a lot of money every year. Besides, Singapore as a green city grew stronger, bringing more tourists and businesses. More importantly, people realized that small changes (like giving up gum) could create a better environment for everyone. For those who miss chewing gum, Singapore offers a special solution: sugar-free gum. This kind of gum can be enjoyed safely without causing mess. People can only buy it in pharmacies (药房) with a doctor’s note. In this way, Singapore makes sure people can still feel happy. At the same time it also protects the environment with strict rules. one local said, “We get the best of both.” Singapore made a strict chewing gum law in 1992. The purpose was to keep the city clean and 31 . When the law began, 32 . Over the years, it has proved (证明) to be highly successful. The law made Singapore 33 , saving cleaning time and money and bringing in more tourists. Singapore also allows sugar-free gum with a doctor’s note. This special solution shows that 34 . 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $