专题04 动词的时态和语态（复习讲义）（重庆专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题04 动词时态和语态 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 2 03 考点通关·靶向突破 3 ★ 考点一 现在时态 3 ★ 考点二 过去时态 14 ★ 考点三 将来时态 23 ★ 考点四 被动语态 29 04 优题精选·练能提分 34 名词 课程分析 考情剖析 在重庆中考英语试卷中，动词的时态和语态是语法考查的核心考点之一，总分值约5–7分，分布在多个题型中： 时态：4必考+2偶考，无标志词语境题为主 必考：一般过去时（最高频）、一般现在时（三单）、现在完成时（难点）、现在进行时 偶考：一般将来时、过去进行时 语态：只考被动，融合时态考，一般过去被动（最高频）＞一般现在被动，少考情态/现完被动 核心：时态语态混搭辨析，拒绝纯规则考查 命题预测 1. 时态：侧重一般过去时vs现在完成时混搭，无时间标志词，靠句意判影响；必考主将从现 2. 语态：90%考一般过去被动，1题时态+被动融合（现完/将来被动）拉分 3. 题型：单选1-2题，语法填空必填1题，完形考语境时态连贯 解题锦囊 1.时态解题3步（快准）：①找标志词②无标志看语境③盯主谓一致 语态解题2步（零错）：①判主被动②定被动时态 2.避坑3重点（直击丢分） 现完接yesterday/ago；；短暂动词（die/leave）+for/since；happen/have等词用被动 3. 核心公式速记 （如：一般过去did；一般现在do/does；现完：have/has done） 考点一 现在时态（一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时） ㈠一般现在时 1.用法 ①表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与频度副词连用。 I often take a walk in the park. 我经常在公园散步。 ②表示客观事实、真理。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。 ③在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go bike riding in the open air. 如果明天不下雨，我将在户外骑自行车。 I’ll tell her the good news when she comes back. 当她回来的时候，我将把这个好消息告诉她。 ④表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start，begin，leave，go，come，arrive，return，take place等。 2.构成 在一般情况下用动词原形，若主语为第三人称单数，一般在动词原形后加-s或-es。 不同情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 直接加-s read→reads love→loves 以s，o，x，ch，sh结尾 加-es pass→passes box→boxes teach→teaches wash→washes 以辅音字母 + y结尾 将y变为i，再加-es carry→carries study→studies 不规则变化 have→has be→am/is/are ㈡现在进行时 1.定义：现在进行时主要用于表示目前正在进行的动作，有时也可表示现阶段在进行的动作。 The teacher is giving us an English lesson. 老师正在给我们上英语课。 The farmers are getting in their crops. 农民们正在收割庄稼。 We are making preparations for the conference. 我们一直在为会议作准备。 2.构成 现在进行时由＂be+现在分词（v-ing）＂构成。be应为助动词，一定不要漏掉！它应与主语的人称和数保持一致，即：I am/he/she/it 包括单数名词和不可数名词用is，you/we/they 包括复数名词用are。 肯定句式：主语+be（am，is，are）+现在分词+其他。They are having an English class. 否定句式：主语+be（am，is，are）+not +现在分词+其他。They aren’t having an English class. 一般疑问句：Be（am，is，are）+主语+现在分词+其他？Are they having an English class? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+be（am，is，are）+主语+现在分词+其他？What are you doing now? 3.应用 A.表示现在（ 指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。We are waiting for you. B.习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel.（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。） She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. C.已经确定或安排好的将来活动。 I’m leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.（已经安排了） We’re flying to Paris tomorrow.（票已经拿到了） 在实际运用时，现在进行时常用以下几种情况： （1）当句子中有now时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。 They are playing basketball now. 现在他们正在打篮球。 （2）以look，listen开头的句子，提示我们动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。 Listen! She is singing an English song. 听，她正在唱英语歌。 （3）表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作，且此时有this week，these days等时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。We are making model planes these days. 这些天我们在做飞机模型。 （4）描述图片中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。 Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park. 看这幅图，那些孩子正在公园放风筝。 4.现在进行时与一般现在时的区别 (1) 现在进行时强调目前正在进行的动作，而一般现在时强调经常性或习惯性的动作。如： I’m reading a story now. 我在看一个故事。(目前正在干的事情) I read stories in my spare time. 我有空时看故事。(经常性的行为) (2) 现在进行时强调现阶段一直在进行的动作，而一般现在时只表动作的重复，而不表示动作的持续。 What are you doing these days? 这几天你在干什么？ They are learning English in the summer holiday. 他们暑假在学英语。 They read English every day. 他们每天读英语。 They play volleyball every Sunday. 他们每周星期天都打排球。 (3) 表示短促动作的动词(如 jump, knock, beat, pick, skip等)的进行时，表示动作的重复。 The girls are jumping over there. 女孩子们在那边跳。 His heart is beating fast. 他的心脏跳得很快。 (4) 某些表示希望或想法的动词(如hope, wonder, want等)的进行时可以表示委婉客气。 I’m wondering whether you can help us now. 我不知道你现在能否给我们帮一个忙。 I’m hoping that you will succeed. 我正在希望你成功呢。 5.现在进行时表将来 意图、打算、安排、常用于人。常用词为come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。 I’m leaving tomorrow. Are you staying here till next week? ㈢现在完成时 1.基本结构与时间状语 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 ①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语. ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词）+宾语. ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语. ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他） ①与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如already, never, ever, just等。如： I’ve just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。 How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多美啊！我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。 ②与表示一段时间的状语连用，如＂for+时间段＂，＂since+时间点＂。如： We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。 We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。 从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。 ③与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如： How have you been recently? 你近来状况如何？ The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. 那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。 Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗？ The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far. 迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。 注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等。 2.过去分词变化规则如下： 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点： （1）一般动词，在词尾直接加＂-ed ＂；work→worked→worked visit→visited→visited （2）以＂ e ＂结尾的动词，只在词尾加＂-d ＂；live→lived→lived （3）以＂辅音字母 + y ＂结尾的动词，将 ＂y＂ 变为 ＂i＂ ，再加＂-ed ＂；study→studied→studied cry→cried→cried （4）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加＂-ed ＂；stop→stopped→stopped drop→dropped→dropped 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。cut→cut→cut hit→hit→hit 3.用法 ①现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。 I have already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。 ②现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如： He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。) 注意：for和since的用法。 ①for + 时间段 译为：……时间 ②since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从……以来)③since + 时间段 + ago ④since + 从句(过去时)⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时) 注意：瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose...)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。变化如下：come/arrive/reach/get to→be in 　　go out→be out 　　 finish→be over 　　 open→be open 　　 die→be dead 　　 buy→have 　　 fall ill→be ill 　　 come back→be back 　 put on→be on/wear 　　 worry→be worried 　　 catch a cold→have a cold 4.现在完成时与一般过去时区别 ①侧重点不同 现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如： I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容） I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影） Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑）Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天） ②时间状语不同 现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如： She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。 She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。 He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。 一、单项选择 1. (2024重庆B卷·语法选择) Every morning, she ______ up early and makes breakfast for my family. A. get B. gets C. got 2. (2023重庆A卷·语法选择) Mom is a teacher. She ______ English for eighteen years. A. is teaching B. will teach C. has taught 3. (2023重庆B卷·语法选择) It’s said that the restaurant ______ free drinks for customers since it opened in 1997. A. provides B. provided C. has provided 4. (2022重庆A卷·语法选择) — Excuse me, what is Nick doing? — Look! He ______ flowers outside. A. waters B. watered C. is watering 5.（2025·江苏镇江·中考真题）Our English teacher isn’t in the office now. She ________ the library. A．goes to B．has gone to C．will go to D．was going to 6．（2025·西藏·中考真题）I ________ some good friends since I came to this school. A．has made B．have made C．make D．made 7．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）Thanks a million, Julie! If it ________, you will be my angel! A．works B．will work C．fails D．will fail 8．（2025·四川·中考真题）—China is taking action to help people manage their weight and lead healthier lives. —Yes. The government ________ a three-year “Weight Management Year” program already. A．started B．has started C．will start 9．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）The therapy centre is on High Street and it ________ service for over 10 years. A．has started B．has been in C．has stopped D．has been out of 10．（2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Now the students in primary and junior high schools ______ a 15-minute break between classes. A．had B．will have C．have D．would have 11．（2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题）—How about climbing Donghua Mountain this weekend? —Sounds great. Then a pair of comfortable sports shoes ________ necessary. A．is B．was C．are D．were 12．（2025·北京·中考真题）Charlie ________ his grandparents every weekend. He loves them very much. A．visits B．was visiting C．will visit D．has visited 13．（2025·江苏连云港·中考真题）As people pay more and more attention to cultural treasures, the industry of ancient book repairing ________ fast in China now. A．developed B．was developing C．is developing D．will develop 14．（2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题）—Where is your uncle? —He ________ America and he will stay in New York for two weeks. A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in 15．（2024·四川广元·中考真题）—When is the school sports meeting? —It is going to be held next Thursday if it ________ that day. A．rains B．will rain C．won’t rain D．doesn’t rain 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 16.（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）Simon and I (work) on a history project now. 17.（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）Here is the information we got from him. The city (have) a short history. 18．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）Mr. Chen (live) there for over 50 years, so we went to interview him. 19．（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）To sleep well at night, I usually (更喜欢) to read books to relax my mind before going to bed. 20．（2025·甘肃兰州·中考真题）Look, the kids are (jump) rope in the sports field during the 15-minute break. 21．（2025·甘肃兰州·中考真题）Lanzhou (receive) a large number of visitors every year. 22．（2025·四川成都·中考真题）Butterflies not only look beautiful but also s plant growth. It’s important to protect them. 23．（2025·安徽·中考真题）I often rest under the trees and my pet dog s (睡觉) beside me. 24．（2025·四川达州·中考真题）He always (spend) time with his family on weekends. 三、完成句子 25．（2025·重庆·中考真题）Gina is talking to her friend on the phone.（改为否定句） Gina to her friend on the phone. 26．（2025·重庆·模拟预测）He left his hometown three years ago. (同义句转换) He has from his hometown for three years. 27．（2025·重庆江北·三模）Mike hasn’t received a letter from his sister for a year. (改为同义句) Mike hasn’t his sister for a year. 28．（2025·重庆渝中·三模）重庆正发生着巨大的变化。 Great changes are in Chongqing. 29．（2025·重庆·二模）Lily comes from a small village. (改为否定句) Lily from a small village 30．（2025·重庆綦江·二模）成功依赖于努力而非运气。(完成译句) Success hard work rather than luck. 31．（2025·重庆綦江·二模）He likes reading books in the library. (否定句) He reading books in the library. 32．（2025·重庆九龙坡·二模）tomorrow, will, it, rain, wonder, they, whether (连词成句) . 33．（2025·甘肃白银·中考真题）Peter bought this bike 3 years ago. （同义句转换） Peter this bike for 3 years. 34.（2025·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）so, cut, are, many, homes, trees, losing, down, people, elephants, their.（连词成句） . 考点二 过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时） ㈠一般过去时 1. 定义：①一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如 yesterday，the day before yesterday，last week，in 2015，three days ago，the other day，just now，at the moment，this morning，once upon a time，long long ago。 —What did you do yesterday? 昨天你做了什么？—I went swimming. 我去游泳了。 ②表示过去经常性或习惯性发生的动作。 When I was at middle school, I often went to school by bike. 我读中学时经常骑自行车去学校。 2. 基本结构 ①实义动词 肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他.I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天看了电影。 否定句：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他。I didn’t go to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天没看电影。 一般疑问句及其回答：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + did. 否定回答：No, 主语 + didn’t / did not. —Did you go to the cinema yesterday? 你昨天去看电影了吗？—Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. 是的，我去了。/ 不，我没去。 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他？ —Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪儿了？—I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天去看电影了。 ② be 动词 肯定句：主语 + was/were + 其他.I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。 否定句：主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 其他.I wasn’t at home yesterday. 我昨天没在家。 一般疑问句及其回答：Were/Was + 主语 + 其他? —Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家吗？—Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. 是的，我在家。/ 不，我不在家。 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + were/was + 主语 + 其他? —Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪？—I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。 3. 动词过去式的变化规则 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-ed wash→washed help→helped 以不发音的字母e结尾 加-d hope→hoped like→liked 以辅音字母 + y结尾 变y为i，再加-ed carry→carried study→studied 结尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节 双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed stop→stopped plan→planned 4. 用法 （1）表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等连用。 He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。 What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事? （2）在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。 We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。 注意：表示过去经常发生的动作还可用used to和would。 He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now. 他过去经常抽烟，但现在不抽了。 Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每当我们遇到困难，他都会帮助我们。 （3）表示主语过去的特征或性格。 At that time she was very good at English. 那时她英语学得很好。 （4）用在状语从句中表示过去将来。 He said he would wait until they came back. （5）一般过去时有时可以表示现在，多与 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等动词连用，使语气更委婉。 I wondered if you could help me. 不知你能不能帮我一下。 有时用一般过去时也是时态一致的需要。 I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这里。 注意：（1）表示一系列的动作，尽管有先后，都用一般过去时，最后两个动词之间用and连结。 He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared. 他打开门，冲了出去，然后就消失了。 （2）注意在语境中理解＂我刚才/原来还不……＂。 —Your phone number again? I didn’t quite catch it. 请再说一次你的电话号码，好吗？我刚才没听清楚。 —It’s 2566666. 是2566666。 5. 一般过去时特殊情况 （1）两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。 When she saw the mouse, she screamed. My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. （2）叙述历史事实，可以只用一般过去时。 Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. ㈡过去进行时 1.结构与标志词：表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作，常与at 8 oclock last night, this time yesterday等连用。 肯定句：主语+ was / were + 现在分词.I was doing my lessons then. 那时，我在做功课。 否定句：主语+was/were not + 现在分词.I wasn’t walking down the street when a UFO landed. 疑问句：Was/Were not + 主语 + 现在分词?Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were not + 主语 + 现在分词?What were you doing when a UFO landed? I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。 At that time she was writing a book.那阵子她在写一本书。(表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。) 2.用法详解 (1) 表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作，此时句中往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time, yesterday等。 I was doing my homework when my mother came to home. (2)叙述在过去的同一时间都在进行的几个动作，通常用While。 I was studying at college while my brother was teaching at university. (3)表示在过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作。 They were expecting you yesterday, but you didn’t turn up. 3.特殊用法：when和while句式 ①when 的句式 when 对从句动词没有限制，既可以是短暂性动词，也可以是延续性动词。 例1（从句为短暂性动词）：I was watching TV when the phone rang. 解析：“我正在看电视”是持续进行的动作，“电话响了”是瞬间发生的动作，用 when 连接，突出“突然性”。 例2（从句为延续性动词）：She was reading a book when her mother was cooking. 解析：此时 when 可替换为 while，但语境更侧重“读书的过程中，妈妈做饭这个动作同时存在”，而非强调“两个动作同步进行”。 ②while 的句式 while 对从句动词有严格限制，必须是延续性动词，核心逻辑是“主句动作发生在从句动作持续进行的过程中”。 • 例1：The boy fell off his bike while he was riding it. 解析：“骑车”是延续性动作，“摔下来”是瞬间动作，用 while 连接，突出“摔下来这个动作发生在骑车的过程中”。 注意：此句中 while 不能替换为 when，若替换则语境强调“突然性”，但语法上仍成立；但如果从句是短暂性动词，则绝对不能用 while。 例2：My mother was cooking while my father was reading a newspaper. 解析：“做饭”和“看报纸”都是延续性动作，且在同一时间内同步进行，用 while 连接，突出“同时性”。 4.过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 区别①：过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。 He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完) He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完) 区别②：一般过去时与 always, constantly, forever, continually 等连用，表示＂过去经常性、习惯性的动作＂；而过去进行时与 always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情色彩。 He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。 He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。 ㈢过去完成时 1.含义与时间状语：表示在过去某一动作或时间点之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。必须有一个过去的参照动作/时间（用一般过去时或过去时间点表示）。常见时间状语（中考高频）有明确的过去参照：before + 过去时间/从句（一般过去时）、by the time + 从句（一般过去时）、when + 从句（一般过去时） 时间范围：by the end of + 过去时间（如 by the end of last year）、by then或者already, yet, never, ever, just（位置与现在完成时一致：already/just 放 had 后，yet 放句末） 2.结构：had + 动词的过去分词（缩写：’d + 过去分词） 肯定句：主语 + had + 过去分词 + ... She had finished her homework before dinner. 否定句：主语 + had not (hadn’t) + 过去分词 + ... They hadn’t arrived at the station when the train left. 一般疑问句：Had + 主语 + 过去分词 + ...? Had he read the book before he saw the movie? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + had + 主语 + 过去分词 + ...?What had they done by the end of last term? 3.核心用法（两种高频场景） 场景一：有明确的过去参照动作（主从句对比） 从句用一般过去时（表示过去的参照动作），主句用过去完成时（表示在参照动作之前已完成的动作）。 引导词：before, when, by the time 例1：When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun. 解析：“到达电影院”是过去的动作（一般过去时），“电影开始”发生在“到达”之前（过去的过去），用过去完成时。 • 例2：By the time he woke up, his mother had left home. 解析：“醒来”是过去的动作，“妈妈离开家”在“醒来”之前完成，用过去完成时。 场景二：有明确的过去时间范围（by the end of + 过去时间） 表示在过去某一时间结束前已经完成的动作，时间状语为 by the end of + 过去时间（如 last month, last term）。 • 例1：We had learned 1000 English words by the end of last year. 解析：“到去年年底”是过去的时间范围，“学完1000个单词”在该时间前已完成，用过去完成时。 • 例2：She had finished three novels by the end of last month. 解析：“到上个月月底”是过去时间点，“完成三本小说”在该时间前完成，用过去完成时。 一、单项选择 1. (2025重庆中考·语法选择) One night when he was 11, he ______ the news on TV with his parents. A. watch B. watches C. watched 2. (2024重庆A卷·语法选择) I was glad but nervous. My father ______, “This is a good chance. I wish you success!” A. say B. says C. said 3. (2023重庆A卷·语法选择) My father ______ in a factory two years ago, and now he is a successful businessman. A. work B. works C. worked 4．（2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题）I’m sorry I didn’t answer your call just now. Because I ________ knowledge from the astronauts in Tiangong Classroom. A．learnt B．am learning C．has learnt D．was learning 5．（2025·四川广元·中考真题）—Amy recently won a prize from the Help Save Our Society. Can you guess ________? —It’s said that she built a house out of rubbish. A．what did she do B．what she did C．what does she do D．what she does 6．（2025·北京·中考真题）— Linda, do you know ________ for the school trip this term? — Yes. We are going to the Capital Museum. A． where we are going B．where we went C．where are we going D．where did we go 7．（2025·天津·中考真题）The mobile phone ________ when I was making a cake with my mother. A．rang B．rings C．is ringing D．is going to ring 8．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）In China, hotpot has a history of over 1,000 years. It first ________ in the Mongolia area, and then became popular in the southern part of China. A．has appeared B．appears C．will appear D．appeared 二、用所给词的正确形式填空 9．（2025·江苏淮安·中考真题）Last week, we (watch) a fashion show in the school hall. 10．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）It’s clean and beautiful now, but in the past there (be) a lot of pollution. 11．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）He (drink) tea with a few old friends in a park when we arrived. 12．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）With the help of his classmates, he (success) in solving the problems an hour ago. 13．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）The bird heard the sound of the cars and (fly) away. 14．（2025·江苏苏州·中考真题）I have never r (后悔) choosing to be kind, even when it was not easy. 三、完成句子。 15．（2024·重庆·中考真题）They arrived at the factory early on Monday morning.（改为同义句） They the factory early on Monday morning. 16．（2023·重庆·中考真题）Panda Ya Ya returned to China on April 27, 2023.（改为同义句） Panda Ya Ya to China on April 27, 2023. 17．（2023·重庆·中考真题）The students planted trees in the park last week.（对划线部分提问）    the students plant trees last week? 18．（2025·重庆沙坪坝·三模）After he left school, he went back to his hometown. (改为同义句) After he left school, he his hometown. 19．（2025·重庆北碚·三模）他昨天很兴奋，因为他收到了他父亲的信。 He was excited yesterday, because he his father. 20．（2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题）他在沙发上躺下，很快就睡着了。 He on the sofa and soon fell asleep. 21．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）当时，李莉正在复习功课，而我正在浏览新闻。 At that moment, Lily the news. 考点三 将来时态（一般将来时、过去将来时） ㈠一般将来时 1.主要构成形式 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作，事情或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作或事情。 ①will/shall+动词原形，shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称，will not=won’t，shall not=shan’t。 Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢？ Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？ ②be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？ b. 计划、安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，暴风雨快来了。 ③be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。 ④be about to +不定式，意为＂马上做某事＂。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。 注意：be about to do不能与tomorrow, next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 2.be going to和will 的区别 be going to和will 的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况，一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的： ①be going to主要用于： a. 表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做的事情。 What are you going to do today? 今天你们打算做什么？ Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。 I’m going to play the violin. 我打算拉小提琴。 She’s going to play the piano. 她打算弹钢琴。 b. 表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生。 Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧！乌云密集，要下雨了。 I am afraid I am going to have a cold. 恐怕我要患重感冒。 ②will主要用于在以下几个方面： a. 表示单纯的未来＂将要＂，通用各个人称。 They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去工厂参观。 I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling. 我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。 b. 表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。 Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 今天是星期六。明天是（将）是星期日。 He will be thirty years old this time next year.明年这个时候他将三十岁了。 c. 问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令。 Will you please turn on the radio? 请打开收音机好吗？ Will you go to the zoo with me? 你和我一起去动物园好吗？ ㈡过去将来时 1.基本概念 两种核心结构（中考必考，需熟记） 结构一：would + 动词原形 肯定句：主语 + would + 动词原形 + ... She said she would visit her grandma the next day. 否定句：主语 + would not (wouldn’t) + 动词原形 + ...He told me he wouldn’t go to the party. 一般疑问句：Would + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...?（较少见，多出现于间接引语） She asked if I would help her. 结构二：was/were going to + 动词原形 肯定句：主语 + was/were going to + 动词原形 + ... I was going to watch a movie last night, but I was busy. 否定句：主语 + was/were not (wasn’t/weren’t) going to + 动词原形 + ... They weren’t going to have a picnic because of the rain. 一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + ...? Was he going to buy a new bike? 2. 含义与时间状语：表示从过去的某一时间点来看，将要发生的动作、计划好的事情或作出的预测。关键：必须有一个过去的参照动作/时间点（用一般过去时表示）。 常见时间状语： 间接引语中：the next day（次日，对应 now 的 tomorrow）、the following week（接下来的一周）、soon（很快） 语境提示：when 引导的过去时间状语从句、主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中 3.核心用法（三种高频场景） 场景一：主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中（中考最常考的场景！） 当主句的谓语动词为一般过去时（如 said, told, asked, thought），从句中表示“将来”的动作需用过去将来时，替代原来的一般将来时。 例1（直接引语变间接引语）： 直接引语：She said, “I will go to Beijing tomorrow.” 间接引语：She said she would go to Beijing the next day. 解析：主句 said 是一般过去时，从句的 will 改为 would，tomorrow 改为 the next day（符合“过去的未来”逻辑）。 例2：He told me he was going to learn English well. 解析：主句 told 是一般过去时，从句表示“他当时计划学好英语”，用 was going to 结构。 场景二：表示过去计划或打算要做的事情 多用 was/were going to 结构，强调“动作在过去已经计划好，可能实现也可能未实现”。 例1：I was going to play basketball with my friends, but it rained. 解析：“计划打篮球”是过去的打算，最终因下雨未实现，用 was going to。 例2：They were going to visit the Great Wall the following month. 解析：“计划下个月去长城”是从过去的时间点来看的未来计划，用 were going to。 场景三：表示过去对未来的预测或意愿 多用 would 结构，强调“过去的想法、意愿或对未来的判断”。 例1：He thought he would pass the exam easily. 解析：“认为自己能轻松通过考试”是过去的预测，用 would。 例2：She said she would help us with our homework. 解析：“答应帮我们做作业”是过去的意愿，用 would。 一、单项选择 1. (2024重庆B卷·语法选择) “I can talk to people while I am walking with them. I can also enjoy the beauty and the changes of the city. In the next few years, I ______ to every corner of the city,” she says. A. walk B. walked C. will walk 2. (2022重庆B卷·语法选择) I ______ a party next Saturday. I hope you can come. A. had B. was having C. will have 3．（2025·江苏淮安·中考真题）—What will you do tomorrow? —I ________ the museum to learn about the local history. A．visit B．visited C．will visit D．are visiting 4．（2025·江苏徐州·中考真题）Oh, you are growing so fast, Paul! Soon you ________ taller than your dad. A．are B．were C．have been D．will be 5．（2025·北京·中考真题）Many international students ________ to visit our school since last year. A．are coming B．have come C．came D．will come 6．（2025·江西·中考真题）—Lisa, your shoes are dirty. —Oh, just leave them there, Mum. I ______ them with my clothes. A．wash B．will wash C．washed D．have washed 7．（2025·江西·中考真题）It ______ heavily. We are going to get all wet walking outside. A．is raining B．rains C．rained D．was raining 8．（2024·四川广元·中考真题）Panda Yaya ________ to Beijing Zoo for over one year. She is taken good care of there. A．was back B．came back C．has come back D．has been back 9．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）If you are lazy in spring, you ________ nothing in autumn. A．harvested B．will harvest C．are harvesting D．have harvested 10．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）—Mom, when can I have an ice cream? —When you ________ your meal. But don’t rush it. A．finish B．will finish C．finishes D．finished 11．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）—Excuse me, could you tell me ________?—Sorry, I have no idea. A．that we will have to put off the meeting B．if we would put off the meeting C．whether we will put off the meeting D．where we will put off the meeting 二、完成句子。 12．（2025·重庆·模拟预测）Andy will go to Weifang to take part in the Kite Festival with his friends this Sunday. (改为否定句) Andy to Weifang to take part in the Kite Festival with his friends this Sunday. 13．（2025·重庆·模拟预测）我将不会再回避说英语，并且将尝试勇敢地与他人交谈。（完成译句） I avoid speaking English and I will try to talk with others bravely. 14．（2025·甘肃白银·中考真题）Tom is reading Journey to the West now.（改为一般疑问句） Tom Journey to the West now? 15．（2024·贵州·中考真题）越来越多的人正在使用AI来帮助他们工作。 More and more people AI to help them with their work. 考点四 被动语态 一、被动语态的结构 被动语态的结构为 be 动词加动词的过去分词，即“ be+done”。在不同的时态中，be 动词有不同的形式。 二、常用被动语态的情况 1 . 不知道动作的执行者是谁。 This watch is made in China.这块手表是中国制造的。 2 . 没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 Many trees must be planted every year.每年必须种许多树。 3 . 需要强调或突出动作的承受者。 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。（强调汉语的广泛使用） 4 . 动作的发出者是物。 Many houses were washed away by the flood.许多房子被洪水冲走了。 三、主动语态和被动语态的转换 1 . 主动语态变被动语态 (1)要将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句中的主语成分，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变为主格。 (2)把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变为宾格，并由by 引导。 (3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。 We asked him to sing an English song . →He was asked to sing an English song by us .我们要求他唱一首英文歌。 2 . 带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态 谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化为主语，则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词 to 或 for。 He gave me a book.他给了我一本书。 →I was given a book by him.（将间接宾语改为主语） →A book was given to me by him.（ 将直接宾语改为主语） 3 . 动词短语变为被动语态 许多由不及物动词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态 。注意：动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。 We should take good care of the children.我们应该照顾好这些孩子。 →The children should be taken good care of by us . (of不可省略） 4 . 带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态 宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语，变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。 I saw some boys playing football in the playground. → Some boys were seen playing football in the playground by me . 我看见一些男孩在操场上踢足球。 5 . 变被动语态时某些动词形式的选择 主动句中的感官动词 see , hear , watch , feel , notice 等以及使役动词 let , make , have 等后跟省略 to 的不定式，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号 to。 We often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening .晚上我们经常听到那个女孩在她的房间里唱歌。 →The girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening by us . 四、不同时态的被动语态 1 . 时态和语态的结合是中考的必考点，尤其是一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时的被动语态。 时态 被动语态 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are+done The classroom is cleaned by us . 一般过去时 was/were+done The kite was made by him. 一般将来时 will/shall+be done Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 含情态动词 情态动词+be+done Your homework must be finished today . 现在进行时 am/is/are+being+done A new railway is being built now. 过去进行时 was/were+being+done The roads were being built at that time. 现在完成时 have/has+been+done He has been sent to work in Shanghai. 五、主动结构表示被动意义 1. open , lock , write , read , sell , clean , wash , cut , burn , drive 等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时，可用主动语态表示被动意义。 This kind of pen writes very smoothly .这种钢笔写起来很流畅。 This kind of shirts sells well here .这种衬衫在这里卖得很好。 2. look , sound , taste , smell 等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 School uniforms look good on us .我们穿着校服很好看。 The cake smells delicious . 蛋糕闻起来很香。 3. be worth doing中，doing表示被动意义。 This film is worth seeing.这部电影值得一看。 4. want/need/require + doing 相当于want/need/ require+to be done。to be done 表示不定式的被动结构。 My bike needs repairing . = My bike needs to be repaired . 我的自行车需要修理。 一、单项选择 1. (2025重庆中考·语法选择) He spent over a year in researching and testing. Finally, a tool ______ by him. A. invented B. is invented C. was invented 2. (2024重庆A卷·语法选择) The next day, I ______ to the class by the head teacher of the school. The children felt very happy. A. introduced B. was introduced C. am introduced 3. (2023重庆A卷·语法选择) I live in Chongqing. It ______ the Mountain City. A. calls B. is calling C. is called 4. (2023重庆B卷·语法选择) On the first day, my bag ______ at the airport. It took us two hours to get it back. A. leaves B. left C. was left 5. (2022重庆A卷·语法选择) His guitar ______ as a gift for him last week. A. buys B. is bought C. bought D. was bought 6. (2022重庆B卷·语法选择) Last year, a new old people’s home ______ in our community. A. builds B. built C. is built D. was built 7. (2021重庆A卷·语法选择) A lot of trees ______ in our city in spring every year. A. are planted B. were planted C. plant D. planted 二、用所给词的适当形式填空。 8．（2025·重庆九龙坡·育才模拟）Make sure the old (take) good care of in the old people’s home. 9．（2024·江苏无锡·校考一模）Little Sam was scared when he (leave) alone at home on such a windy day. 10．（2025·江苏泰州·统考一模）New inventions in technology should (introduce) to old people to improve their lives. 11．（2025·江苏无锡·统考一模）—Will you go to Johnson’s birthday party? —Unless I (invite). 12．（2025·湖南常德·统考一模）Tea (bring) to Japan long long ago. 1、 用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 （一）时态练习题。 1. Li Ming ______ (swim) in a swimming pool the day before yesterday. 2. Kids won’t be independent if they ______ (depend) on their parents all the time. 3. We ______ (know) each other since we were children. 4. They ______ (have) a meeting at nine o’clock yesterday morning. 5. The boys were playing football on the field when it ______ (start) to rain. 6. I can’t go out with you. I ______ (wash) my clothes now. 7. I don’t know if David ______ (attend) the meeting tomorrow. 8. Tom has worked here since he ______ (graduate) from school. 9. I ______ (finish) my homework already. Can I go out to play now? 10. Her eyes always ______ (shine) with excitement when she talked about her favorite food. 11. The baby was sleepy, so he ______ (lay) it down slowly on the bed. 12. When the teacher came into the classroom, the students ______ (read) English loudly. 13. The thief ______ (steal) food from the supermarket and was caught by the policemen. （二）被动语态练习题。 1. The performance ______ (praise) highly by the audience (观众) last night. 2. In Chongqing, many trees ______ (plant) every year. 3. Children from Malan Village ______ (encourage) by Deng Xiaolan and stepped out of their hometown. 4. After watching Ne Zha 2 last week, most people ______ (move) deeply by Ne Zha’s fighting spirit. 5. This kind of medicine should ______ (lay) out of children’s reach. 6. Squirrels (松鼠) like saving food, but they sometimes forget where it ______ (hide). 7. Zhu Ting says she will return to her motherland whenever she ______ (need). 8. As soon as Johnson finishes the task, he ______ (offer) a two-week holiday. 9. The picture is really worth ______ (admire). 10. We saw many koalas and were happy to see that they ______ (protect) well in the forest. 11. Anna ______ (choose) to be the most excellent student of our school last week. 12. Teenagers shouldn’t ______ (allow) to drive on the road. 13. Tomorrow morning, the whole neighborhood ______ (wake) up by the noise as they are beginning to build a new park. 14. No experience ______ (require) to be a Helping Hand Club member. Join us! 15. If you don’t work hard, you ______ (ask) to leave sooner or later. 16. More attention requires ______ (pay) to your son if you want him to make progress. 17. Not only the elderly couple but also the boy ______ (remind) just now, so they should remember the time. 18. Don’t worry so much. All these problems ______ (deal) with soon. 19. The children were made ______ (put) away their toys before dinner. 二、完成句子 1. They are going to the zoo next Friday.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ they going to the zoo? 2. 到目前为止，苏珊没有收到她妈妈的来信。（完成译句） So far, Susan ______ ______ from her mother. 3. 因为这座图书馆，越来越多的学生已经爱上了读书。（完成译句） More and more students ______ ______ already ______ in love with reading because of this library. 4. 昨天当你给我打电话时，我们正在观看《典籍里的中国》。（完成译句） We ______ ______ China in the Classics when you phoned me yesterday. 5. 你曾经去过那个城市吗？（完成译句） Have you ever ______ ______ that city? 三、语法选择。根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。 Dear sister, How are things back home? I had ____1____ great time in China. Today, I ____2____ acupuncture(针灸) for the first time! I woke up this morning with a bad backache, so I called the hotel reception desk and asked ____3____ they knew of any nearby hospitals. They gave me a list of some places I could go to and I chose an acupuncture clinic (诊所) which was the ____4____ to the hotel on the list. I thought it would hurt at first when the clinic staff started putting in needles, but I hardly felt ____5____. Then I felt a warm sensation ____6____ up slowly in my lower back and I became very relaxed. It ____7____ a lot and my back doesn’t hurt any more. Afterwards, I went to a shop next door that sells Chinese herbal medicines. I ____8____ by the huge glass jars (罐) in the shop. They are full of all kinds of roots, ____9____, plants, and things I cannot even describe. I bought a box of dried ginseng (人参) as a gift ____10____ you. I’ll give it to you when I get back. Love, John 1. A. the B. a C. an 2. A. have B. has C. had 3. A. if B. that C. what 4. A. near B. nearer C. nearest 5. A. nothing B. anything C. something 6. A. move B. moves C. to move 7. A. help B. had helped C. has helped 8. A. shocked B. was shocked C. was shocking 9. A. leaf B. leaves C. leaves’ 10. A. for B. to C. with 四、完形填空。根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案。 Once upon a time, there lived a wise man. His son, however, was very lazy. The man was worried about his son’s future. He came to realize that his son needed to know the importance of taking care of ____1____. One day, the man said to his son, “I hope you are able to get the real purpose of your life.” Then he handed his son a map and asked him to find the ____2____ . The son ____3____ the next day. Along the way, he met a lot of people. Some helped him with food, and some with shelter (住所). Finally, after a long year, he reached the place. But nothing could be found. ____4____ his journey home, he went through the same places. But this time, he stopped to enjoy the beauty of nature. He learned how to hunt, cook and protect himself from wild animals. He met the same people who had helped him ___5____, and this time he helped them in return. When he reached home, he apologized (道歉) to his father for not finding the treasure. “It doesn’t matter, my son,” the man answered with a smile. “But why did you send me to find it?” he asked. The father didn’t answer the question. ____6____, he asked, “How was your journey to the place?” “I didn’t enjoy it at all ____7____ I was in a hurry looking for the treasure. But I did enjoy the journey on my way back home. I made many ____8____ and I learned so many skills, which made me forget the pain of not finding the treasure.” His father said to him, “Now I think you have got your life’s ____9____ purpose. I want you to lead your life with a goal. But if you remain too focused on your goal, you will ____10____ the real treasure of life—to just experience it and grow with it every single day.” 1. A. himself B. herself C. themselves D. itself 2. A. chance B. food C. treasure D. shelter 3. A. checked out B. ran out C. watched out D. set out 4. A. On B. From C. After D. For 5. A. later B. earlier C. sooner D. harder 6. A. However B. Besides C. Instead D. Luckily 7. A. unless B. although C. so D. because 8. A. mistakes B. friends C. choices D. promises 9. A. common B. only C. special D. true 10. A. find B. miss C. drop D. receive 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 动词时态和语态 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 2 03 考点通关·靶向突破 3 ★ 考点一 现在时态 3 ★ 考点二 过去时态 14 ★ 考点三 将来时态 23 ★ 考点四 被动语态 29 04 优题精选·练能提分 34 名词 课程分析 考情剖析 在重庆中考英语试卷中，动词的时态和语态是语法考查的核心考点之一，总分值约5–7分，分布在多个题型中： 时态：4必考+2偶考，无标志词语境题为主 必考：一般过去时（最高频）、一般现在时（三单）、现在完成时（难点）、现在进行时 偶考：一般将来时、过去进行时 语态：只考被动，融合时态考，一般过去被动（最高频）＞一般现在被动，少考情态/现完被动 核心：时态语态混搭辨析，拒绝纯规则考查 命题预测 1. 时态：侧重一般过去时vs现在完成时混搭，无时间标志词，靠句意判影响；必考主将从现 2. 语态：90%考一般过去被动，1题时态+被动融合（现完/将来被动）拉分 3. 题型：单选1-2题，语法填空必填1题，完形考语境时态连贯 解题锦囊 1.时态解题3步（快准）：①找标志词②无标志看语境③盯主谓一致 语态解题2步（零错）：①判主被动②定被动时态 2.避坑3重点（直击丢分） 现完接yesterday/ago；；短暂动词（die/leave）+for/since；happen/have等词用被动 3. 核心公式速记 （如：一般过去did；一般现在do/does；现完：have/has done） 考点一 现在时态（一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时） ㈠一般现在时 1.用法 ①表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与频度副词连用。 I often take a walk in the park. 我经常在公园散步。 ②表示客观事实、真理。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。 ③在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go bike riding in the open air. 如果明天不下雨，我将在户外骑自行车。 I’ll tell her the good news when she comes back. 当她回来的时候，我将把这个好消息告诉她。 ④表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start，begin，leave，go，come，arrive，return，take place等。 2.构成 在一般情况下用动词原形，若主语为第三人称单数，一般在动词原形后加-s或-es。 不同情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 直接加-s read→reads love→loves 以s，o，x，ch，sh结尾 加-es pass→passes box→boxes teach→teaches wash→washes 以辅音字母 + y结尾 将y变为i，再加-es carry→carries study→studies 不规则变化 have→has be→am/is/are ㈡现在进行时 1.定义：现在进行时主要用于表示目前正在进行的动作，有时也可表示现阶段在进行的动作。 The teacher is giving us an English lesson. 老师正在给我们上英语课。 The farmers are getting in their crops. 农民们正在收割庄稼。 We are making preparations for the conference. 我们一直在为会议作准备。 2.构成 现在进行时由＂be+现在分词（v-ing）＂构成。be应为助动词，一定不要漏掉！它应与主语的人称和数保持一致，即：I am/he/she/it 包括单数名词和不可数名词用is，you/we/they 包括复数名词用are。 肯定句式：主语+be（am，is，are）+现在分词+其他。They are having an English class. 否定句式：主语+be（am，is，are）+not +现在分词+其他。They aren’t having an English class. 一般疑问句：Be（am，is，are）+主语+现在分词+其他？Are they having an English class? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+be（am，is，are）+主语+现在分词+其他？What are you doing now? 3.应用 A.表示现在（ 指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。We are waiting for you. B.习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel.（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。） She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. C.已经确定或安排好的将来活动。 I’m leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.（已经安排了） We’re flying to Paris tomorrow.（票已经拿到了） 在实际运用时，现在进行时常用以下几种情况： （1）当句子中有now时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。 They are playing basketball now. 现在他们正在打篮球。 （2）以look，listen开头的句子，提示我们动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。 Listen! She is singing an English song. 听，她正在唱英语歌。 （3）表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作，且此时有this week，these days等时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。We are making model planes these days. 这些天我们在做飞机模型。 （4）描述图片中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。 Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park. 看这幅图，那些孩子正在公园放风筝。 4.现在进行时与一般现在时的区别 (1) 现在进行时强调目前正在进行的动作，而一般现在时强调经常性或习惯性的动作。如： I’m reading a story now. 我在看一个故事。(目前正在干的事情) I read stories in my spare time. 我有空时看故事。(经常性的行为) (2) 现在进行时强调现阶段一直在进行的动作，而一般现在时只表动作的重复，而不表示动作的持续。 What are you doing these days? 这几天你在干什么？ They are learning English in the summer holiday. 他们暑假在学英语。 They read English every day. 他们每天读英语。 They play volleyball every Sunday. 他们每周星期天都打排球。 (3) 表示短促动作的动词(如 jump, knock, beat, pick, skip等)的进行时，表示动作的重复。 The girls are jumping over there. 女孩子们在那边跳。 His heart is beating fast. 他的心脏跳得很快。 (4) 某些表示希望或想法的动词(如hope, wonder, want等)的进行时可以表示委婉客气。 I’m wondering whether you can help us now. 我不知道你现在能否给我们帮一个忙。 I’m hoping that you will succeed. 我正在希望你成功呢。 5.现在进行时表将来 意图、打算、安排、常用于人。常用词为come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。 I’m leaving tomorrow. Are you staying here till next week? ㈢现在完成时 1.基本结构与时间状语 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 ①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语. ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词）+宾语. ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语. ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他） ①与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如already, never, ever, just等。如： I’ve just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。 How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多美啊！我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。 ②与表示一段时间的状语连用，如＂for+时间段＂，＂since+时间点＂。如： We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。 We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。 从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。 ③与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如： How have you been recently? 你近来状况如何？ The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. 那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。 Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗？ The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far. 迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。 注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等。 2.过去分词变化规则如下： 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点： （1）一般动词，在词尾直接加＂-ed ＂；work→worked→worked visit→visited→visited （2）以＂ e ＂结尾的动词，只在词尾加＂-d ＂；live→lived→lived （3）以＂辅音字母 + y ＂结尾的动词，将 ＂y＂ 变为 ＂i＂ ，再加＂-ed ＂；study→studied→studied cry→cried→cried （4）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加＂-ed ＂；stop→stopped→stopped drop→dropped→dropped 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。cut→cut→cut hit→hit→hit 3.用法 ①现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。 I have already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。 ②现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如： He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。) 注意：for和since的用法。 ①for + 时间段 译为：……时间 ②since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从……以来)③since + 时间段 + ago ④since + 从句(过去时)⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时) 注意：瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose...)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。变化如下：come/arrive/reach/get to→be in 　　go out→be out 　　 finish→be over 　　 open→be open 　　 die→be dead 　　 buy→have 　　 fall ill→be ill 　　 come back→be back 　 put on→be on/wear 　　 worry→be worried 　　 catch a cold→have a cold 4.现在完成时与一般过去时区别 ①侧重点不同 现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如： I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容） I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影） Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑）Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天） ②时间状语不同 现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如： She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。 She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。 He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。 一、单项选择 1. (2024重庆B卷·语法选择) Every morning, she ______ up early and makes breakfast for my family. A. get B. gets C. got 【答案】B 【详解】“Every morning”表示习惯性动作，用一般现在时；主语she是第三人称单数，谓语动词用gets。 2. (2023重庆A卷·语法选择) Mom is a teacher. She ______ English for eighteen years. A. is teaching B. will teach C. has taught 【答案】C 【详解】“for eighteen years”表示动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时，主语She是第三人称单数，用has taught。 3. (2023重庆B卷·语法选择) It’s said that the restaurant ______ free drinks for customers since it opened in 1997. A. provides B. provided C. has provided 【答案】C 【详解】“since it opened in 1997”是现在完成时的标志，主语the restaurant是第三人称单数，用has provided。 4. (2022重庆A卷·语法选择) — Excuse me, what is Nick doing? — Look! He ______ flowers outside. A. waters B. watered C. is watering 【答案】C 【详解】“Look!”是现在进行时的标志词，主语He是第三人称单数，用is watering。 5.（2025·江苏镇江·中考真题）Our English teacher isn’t in the office now. She ________ the library. A．goes to B．has gone to C．will go to D．was going to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师现在不在办公室。她去图书馆了。考查动词时态。根据“Our English teacher isn’t in the office now”可知，“去图书馆”的动作发生在过去，且对现在造成了“不在办公室”的影响，需用现在完成时；“has gone to” 符合“去了未回”的语境。故选B。 6．（2025·西藏·中考真题）I ________ some good friends since I came to this school. A．has made B．have made C．make D．made 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自从我来到这所学校以来，我交了一些好朋友。考查时态。根据“since I came to this school”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done，主语是I，助动词用have。故选B。 7．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）Thanks a million, Julie! If it ________, you will be my angel! A．works B．will work C．fails D．will fail 【答案】A 【详解】句意：万分感谢，Julie！如果成功了，你就是我的天使！考查动词辨析及if条件句。work成功，有效；fail失败。根据“If it ..., you will be my angel!”可知，此句为if引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时，结合“you will be my angel!”可知，如果事情成功，Julie将是对方的天使。故选A。 8．（2025·四川·中考真题）—China is taking action to help people manage their weight and lead healthier lives. —Yes. The government ________ a three-year “Weight Management Year” program already. A．started B．has started C．will start 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——中国正在采取行动帮助人们控制体重，过上更健康的生活。——是的。政府已经开始了为期三年的“体重管理年”计划。考查时态。started一般过去时；has started现在完成时；will start一般将来时。根据“already”可知，政府已经开始了为期三年的“体重管理年”计划，本句应使用现在完成时。故选B。 9．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）The therapy centre is on High Street and it ________ service for over 10 years. A．has started B．has been in C．has stopped D．has been out of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：治疗中心位于高街，已经服务了10多年。has started开始，start是短暂性动词，不能与持续时间连用；has been in一直在……中，强调状态从过去持续到现在；has stopped停止，stop是短暂性动词，不能与持续时间连用；has been out of一直在……之外，强调状态从过去持续到现在。根据“for over 10 years”可知，此处不能使用短暂性动词start和stop，排除A、C；结合“The therapy centre is on High Street and it ... service for over 10 years.”可知，治疗中心一直提供服务超过10年，应该用has been in。故选B。 10．（2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Now the students in primary and junior high schools ______ a 15-minute break between classes. A．had B．will have C．have D．would have 【答案】C 【详解】句意：现在中小学生课间有15分钟的休息时间。考查动词时态。句中“Now”表示当前的时间状态，说明描述的是现在的客观事实，因此需要用一般现在时。故选C。 11．（2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题）—How about climbing Donghua Mountain this weekend? —Sounds great. Then a pair of comfortable sports shoes ________ necessary. A．is B．was C．are D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这周末去爬东华山怎么样？——听起来不错。那么一双舒适的运动鞋是必要的。 考查主谓一致和时态。根据“How about climbing Donghua Mountain this weekend”可知，此处需要用一般现在时表客观事实，排除BD；题干中“a pair of comfortable sports shoes”是单数主语（核心词是pair），需用单数谓语动词is。故选A。 12．（2025·北京·中考真题）Charlie ________ his grandparents every weekend. He loves them very much. A．visits B．was visiting C．will visit D．has visited 【答案】A 【详解】句意：查理每个周末都会去看望他的祖父母。他非常爱他们。考查动词时态。根据“every weekend”可知，此处描述经常性的动作，应为一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用其单三形式。故选A。 13．（2025·江苏连云港·中考真题）As people pay more and more attention to cultural treasures, the industry of ancient book repairing ________ fast in China now. A．developed B．was developing C．is developing D．will develop 【答案】C 【详解】句意：随着人们对文化瑰宝的关注度越来越高，古籍修复行业在中国发展迅速。考查时态。根据“now”可知此处表示正在迅速发展，用现在进行时，be动词用is。故选C。 14．（2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题）—Where is your uncle? —He ________ America and he will stay in New York for two weeks. A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你的叔叔在哪里？——他去了美国，他将在纽约待两个星期。考查has gone to与has been to的用法。has been to去过某地，已经回来了；has gone to到某地去了，还没有回来；has been in一直在某地。根据“Where is your uncle”可知，下文应回答他去美国了，用has gone to。故选B。 15．（2024·四川广元·中考真题）—When is the school sports meeting? —It is going to be held next Thursday if it ________ that day. A．rains B．will rain C．won’t rain D．doesn’t rain 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——学校运动会什么时候举行？——如果那天不下雨的话，它将在下星期四举行。 考查动词时态。if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现的原则，主句用“is going to be held”表示一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。再结合常识可知，运动会一般都会在不下雨的时候举行。故选D。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 16．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）Simon and I (work) on a history project now. 【答案】are working 【详解】句意：西蒙和我现在正在做一个历史项目。根据“now”可知，此句用现在进行时be+doing，and连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词用复数，此处be动词用are，后跟动词现在分词。故填are working。 17.（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）Here is the information we got from him. The city (have) a short history. 【答案】has 【详解】句意：我们从他那里得到的信息是，这座城市有一段短暂的历史。根据“a short history”可知，此处表示“有”一段短暂的历史，have表示“有”，结合句子是一般现在时态及句子主语“The city”是第三人称单数可知，谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式。故填has。 18．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）Mr. Chen (live) there for over 50 years, so we went to interview him. 【答案】has lived 【详解】句意：陈先生已经在那里住了 50 多年了，所以我们去采访了他。for over 50 years是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，用于强调从过去持续到现在的动作或状态，主语Mr. Chen是第三人称单数。故填has lived。 19．（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）To sleep well at night, I usually (更喜欢) to read books to relax my mind before going to bed. 【答案】prefer 【详解】句意：为了晚上睡个好觉，我通常更喜欢在睡觉前看书放松一下。更喜欢：prefer，根据“usually”可知句子用一般现在时，主语是I，谓语动词用原形。故填prefer。 20．（2025·甘肃兰州·中考真题）Look, the kids are (jump) rope in the sports field during the 15-minute break. 【答案】jumping 【详解】句意：看，孩子们在15分钟的课间休息时正在操场上跳绳。根据“Look”以及“are”可知，此处描述的是正在发生的动作，应使用现在进行时，其结构为“be动词+动词的现在分词”。jump“跳”，其现在分词形式为“jumping”。故填jumping。 21．（2025·甘肃兰州·中考真题）Lanzhou (receive) a large number of visitors every year. 【答案】receives 【详解】句意：兰州每年都接待大量的游客。根据“every year”可知，时态为一般现在时。主语“Lanzhou”是第三人称单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。receive“接待；收到”，第三人称单数形式是“receives”。故填receives。 22．（2025·四川成都·中考真题）Butterflies not only look beautiful but also s plant growth. It’s important to protect them. 【答案】(s)upport 【详解】句意：蝴蝶不仅外表美丽，还对植物生长有益。保护它们很重要。根据“Butterflies not only look beautiful but also s…plant growth.”可知，此处在介绍蝴蝶对植物的益处，support“支持”符合题意。根据语境可知，此处是一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形。故填(s)upport。 23．（2025·安徽·中考真题）I often rest under the trees and my pet dog s (睡觉) beside me. 【答案】(s)leeps 【详解】句意：我经常在树下小憩，我的宠物狗在我旁边睡觉。sleep“睡觉”，根据“often rest”可知句子采用一般现在时，主语为my pet dog，谓语用动词的三单形式。故填(s)leeps。 24．（2025·四川达州·中考真题）He always (spend) time with his family on weekends. 【答案】spends 【详解】句意：他总是在周末花时间陪伴家人。spend“花费”。根据“He always”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，且主语为三单，故谓语动词应用三单形式。故填spends。 三、完成句子 25．（2025·重庆·中考真题）Gina is talking to her friend on the phone.（改为否定句） Gina to her friend on the phone. 【答案】 isn’t talking 【详解】句意：吉娜正在和她的朋友通电话。改为否定句时在is后加not，缩写为isn’t，其他不变。故填isn’t；talking。 26．（2025·重庆·模拟预测）He left his hometown three years ago. (同义句转换) He has from his hometown for three years. 【答案】 been away 【详解】句意：他三年前离开了家乡。根据“for three years”可知，应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+动词的过去分词”；leave“离开”，为短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，需转化为延续性动词be away，be的过去分词为been。故填been；away。 27．（2025·重庆江北·三模）Mike hasn’t received a letter from his sister for a year. (改为同义句) Mike hasn’t his sister for a year. 【答案】 heard from 【详解】句意：迈克已经一年没有收到他姐姐的信了。根据“Mike hasn’t received a letter from his sister for a year.”可知，句中“receive a letter from sb.”表示“收到某人的信”，其同义短语是“hear from sb.”；句中时态为现在完成时，“hasn’t”后面跟动词的过去分词，“hear”的过去分词是“heard”。故填heard；from。 28．（2025·重庆渝中·三模）重庆正发生着巨大的变化。 Great changes are in Chongqing. 【答案】 taking place 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空格处的意思是“发生”，英文表达是take place；此句为现在进行时，结构为be doing，因此动词take用动名词形式。故填taking；place。 29．（2025·重庆·二模）Lily comes from a small village. (改为否定句) Lily from a small village 【答案】 doesn’t come 【详解】句意：莉莉来自一个小村庄。根据“comes”可知，是第三人称单数形式，改为否定句，需借助助动词doesn’t，comes还原为come。故填doesn’t；come。 30．（2025·重庆綦江·二模）成功依赖于努力而非运气。(完成译句) Success hard work rather than luck. 【答案】 depends on 【详解】“depend on”表示“依赖于”；句子描述客观事实，主语“Success”为第三人称单数，故谓语动词“depend”需用第三人称单数形式“depends”。故填depends；on。 31．（2025·重庆綦江·二模）He likes reading books in the library. (否定句) He reading books in the library. 【答案】doesn’t like 【详解】句意：他喜欢在图书馆看书。原句时态是一般现在时，主语he是第三人称单数，变否定句时要借助助动词doesn’t，且助动词后跟动词原形like。故填doesn’t；like。 32．（2025·重庆九龙坡·二模）tomorrow, will, it, rain, wonder, they, whether (连词成句) . 【答案】They wonder whether it will rain tomorrow 【详解】根据所给标点可知应用陈述句形式，分析所给单词，they作主句主语；wonder作主句谓语；whether引导宾语从句；it作从句主语；will rain作从句谓语；tomorrow作从句状语。故填They wonder whether it will rain tomorrow“他们想知道明天是否会下雨”。 33．（2025·甘肃白银·中考真题）Peter bought this bike 3 years ago. （同义句转换） Peter this bike for 3 years. 【答案】 has had 【详解】句意：Peter3年前买了这辆自行车。根据“for 3 years”可知，此句时态是现在完成时“have/has+动词过去分词”，和一段时间连用，谓语动词需要用延续性动词，buy是短暂性动词，对应的延续性动词为have“有”。主语是Peter，助动词用has。故填has；had。 34.（2025·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）so, cut, are, many, homes, trees, losing, down, people, elephants, their.（连词成句） . 【答案】People cut down many trees, so elephants are losing their homes 【详解】根据所给单词及语境可知，本句为陈述句。主语为people（人们）；谓语部分使用一般现在时cut down（砍伐）；宾语为many trees（许多树木）；“so elephants are losing their homes”（因此大象正在失去家园）作为结果状语从句。整句表达因果关系，故填People cut down many trees, so elephants are losing their homes“人们砍伐许多树木，因此大象正在失去家园”。 考点二 过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时） ㈠一般过去时 1. 定义：①一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如 yesterday，the day before yesterday，last week，in 2015，three days ago，the other day，just now，at the moment，this morning，once upon a time，long long ago。 —What did you do yesterday? 昨天你做了什么？—I went swimming. 我去游泳了。 ②表示过去经常性或习惯性发生的动作。 When I was at middle school, I often went to school by bike. 我读中学时经常骑自行车去学校。 2. 基本结构 ①实义动词 肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他.I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天看了电影。 否定句：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他。I didn’t go to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天没看电影。 一般疑问句及其回答：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + did. 否定回答：No, 主语 + didn’t / did not. —Did you go to the cinema yesterday? 你昨天去看电影了吗？—Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. 是的，我去了。/ 不，我没去。 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他？ —Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪儿了？—I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天去看电影了。 ② be 动词 肯定句：主语 + was/were + 其他.I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。 否定句：主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 其他.I wasn’t at home yesterday. 我昨天没在家。 一般疑问句及其回答：Were/Was + 主语 + 其他? —Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家吗？—Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. 是的，我在家。/ 不，我不在家。 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + were/was + 主语 + 其他? —Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪？—I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。 3. 动词过去式的变化规则 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-ed wash→washed help→helped 以不发音的字母e结尾 加-d hope→hoped like→liked 以辅音字母 + y结尾 变y为i，再加-ed carry→carried study→studied 结尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节 双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed stop→stopped plan→planned 4. 用法 （1）表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等连用。 He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。 What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事? （2）在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。 We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。 注意：表示过去经常发生的动作还可用used to和would。 He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now. 他过去经常抽烟，但现在不抽了。 Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每当我们遇到困难，他都会帮助我们。 （3）表示主语过去的特征或性格。 At that time she was very good at English. 那时她英语学得很好。 （4）用在状语从句中表示过去将来。 He said he would wait until they came back. （5）一般过去时有时可以表示现在，多与 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等动词连用，使语气更委婉。 I wondered if you could help me. 不知你能不能帮我一下。 有时用一般过去时也是时态一致的需要。 I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这里。 注意：（1）表示一系列的动作，尽管有先后，都用一般过去时，最后两个动词之间用and连结。 He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared. 他打开门，冲了出去，然后就消失了。 （2）注意在语境中理解＂我刚才/原来还不……＂。 —Your phone number again? I didn’t quite catch it. 请再说一次你的电话号码，好吗？我刚才没听清楚。 —It’s 2566666. 是2566666。 5. 一般过去时特殊情况 （1）两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。 When she saw the mouse, she screamed. My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. （2）叙述历史事实，可以只用一般过去时。 Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. ㈡过去进行时 1.结构与标志词：表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作，常与at 8 oclock last night, this time yesterday等连用。 肯定句：主语+ was / were + 现在分词.I was doing my lessons then. 那时，我在做功课。 否定句：主语+was/were not + 现在分词.I wasn’t walking down the street when a UFO landed. 疑问句：Was/Were not + 主语 + 现在分词?Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were not + 主语 + 现在分词?What were you doing when a UFO landed? I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。 At that time she was writing a book.那阵子她在写一本书。(表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。) 2.用法详解 (1) 表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作，此时句中往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time, yesterday等。 I was doing my homework when my mother came to home. (2)叙述在过去的同一时间都在进行的几个动作，通常用While。 I was studying at college while my brother was teaching at university. (3)表示在过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作。 They were expecting you yesterday, but you didn’t turn up. 3.特殊用法：when和while句式 ①when 的句式 when 对从句动词没有限制，既可以是短暂性动词，也可以是延续性动词。 例1（从句为短暂性动词）：I was watching TV when the phone rang. 解析：“我正在看电视”是持续进行的动作，“电话响了”是瞬间发生的动作，用 when 连接，突出“突然性”。 例2（从句为延续性动词）：She was reading a book when her mother was cooking. 解析：此时 when 可替换为 while，但语境更侧重“读书的过程中，妈妈做饭这个动作同时存在”，而非强调“两个动作同步进行”。 ②while 的句式 while 对从句动词有严格限制，必须是延续性动词，核心逻辑是“主句动作发生在从句动作持续进行的过程中”。 • 例1：The boy fell off his bike while he was riding it. 解析：“骑车”是延续性动作，“摔下来”是瞬间动作，用 while 连接，突出“摔下来这个动作发生在骑车的过程中”。 注意：此句中 while 不能替换为 when，若替换则语境强调“突然性”，但语法上仍成立；但如果从句是短暂性动词，则绝对不能用 while。 例2：My mother was cooking while my father was reading a newspaper. 解析：“做饭”和“看报纸”都是延续性动作，且在同一时间内同步进行，用 while 连接，突出“同时性”。 4.过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 区别①：过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。 He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完) He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完) 区别②：一般过去时与 always, constantly, forever, continually 等连用，表示＂过去经常性、习惯性的动作＂；而过去进行时与 always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情色彩。 He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。 He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。 ㈢过去完成时 1.含义与时间状语：表示在过去某一动作或时间点之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。必须有一个过去的参照动作/时间（用一般过去时或过去时间点表示）。常见时间状语（中考高频）有明确的过去参照：before + 过去时间/从句（一般过去时）、by the time + 从句（一般过去时）、when + 从句（一般过去时） 时间范围：by the end of + 过去时间（如 by the end of last year）、by then或者already, yet, never, ever, just（位置与现在完成时一致：already/just 放 had 后，yet 放句末） 2.结构：had + 动词的过去分词（缩写：’d + 过去分词） 肯定句：主语 + had + 过去分词 + ... She had finished her homework before dinner. 否定句：主语 + had not (hadn’t) + 过去分词 + ... They hadn’t arrived at the station when the train left. 一般疑问句：Had + 主语 + 过去分词 + ...? Had he read the book before he saw the movie? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + had + 主语 + 过去分词 + ...?What had they done by the end of last term? 3.核心用法（两种高频场景） 场景一：有明确的过去参照动作（主从句对比） 从句用一般过去时（表示过去的参照动作），主句用过去完成时（表示在参照动作之前已完成的动作）。 引导词：before, when, by the time 例1：When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun. 解析：“到达电影院”是过去的动作（一般过去时），“电影开始”发生在“到达”之前（过去的过去），用过去完成时。 • 例2：By the time he woke up, his mother had left home. 解析：“醒来”是过去的动作，“妈妈离开家”在“醒来”之前完成，用过去完成时。 场景二：有明确的过去时间范围（by the end of + 过去时间） 表示在过去某一时间结束前已经完成的动作，时间状语为 by the end of + 过去时间（如 last month, last term）。 • 例1：We had learned 1000 English words by the end of last year. 解析：“到去年年底”是过去的时间范围，“学完1000个单词”在该时间前已完成，用过去完成时。 • 例2：She had finished three novels by the end of last month. 解析：“到上个月月底”是过去时间点，“完成三本小说”在该时间前完成，用过去完成时。 一、单项选择 1. (2025重庆中考·语法选择) One night when he was 11, he ______ the news on TV with his parents. A. watch B. watches C. watched 【答案】C 【详解】时间状语“when he was 11”为过去时间，谓语动词用一般过去时，watch的过去式是watched。 2. (2024重庆A卷·语法选择) I was glad but nervous. My father ______, “This is a good chance. I wish you success!” A. say B. says C. said 【答案】C 【详解】“爸爸说这句话”是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，say的过去式是said。 3. (2023重庆A卷·语法选择) My father ______ in a factory two years ago, and now he is a successful businessman. A. work B. works C. worked 【答案】C 【详解】“two years ago”是过去时间标志，用一般过去时，work的过去式是worked。 4．（2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题）I’m sorry I didn’t answer your call just now. Because I ________ knowledge from the astronauts in Tiangong Classroom. A．learnt B．am learning C．has learnt D．was learning 【答案】D 【详解】句意：抱歉我刚才没接你的电话。因为我在天宫课堂向宇航员学习知识。考查动词时态。根据“just now”和语境可知，未接电话的原因是当时正在学习，应用过去进行时“was/were doing”。故选D。 5．（2025·四川广元·中考真题）—Amy recently won a prize from the Help Save Our Society. Can you guess ________? —It’s said that she built a house out of rubbish. A．what did she do B．what she did C．what does she do D．what she does 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——艾米最近获得了“帮助拯救我们的社会”奖。你能猜猜她做了什么吗？——据说她用垃圾建了一座房子。考查宾语从句。根据“Can you guess”可知，此处是宾语从句，宾语从句需用陈述句语序（主语+谓语），排除A、C两项（疑问语序）。根据答句“built”可知，此处询问过去的行为，应为一般过去时。故选B。 6．（2025·北京·中考真题）— Linda, do you know ________ for the school trip this term? — Yes. We are going to the Capital Museum. A． where we are going B．where we went C．where are we going D．where did we go 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——琳达，你知道这学期我们学校旅行要去哪里吗？——是的。我们要去首都博物馆。考查宾语从句。根据“do you know...for the school trip this term”可知，空处填入的是宾语从句，用陈述句序，因此排除选项C和D（均为疑问语序）；结合回答“We are going to the Capital Museum.”可知，此时宾语从句用一般将来时，排除选项B（为一般过去时）。故选A。 7．（2025·天津·中考真题）The mobile phone ________ when I was making a cake with my mother. A．rang B．rings C．is ringing D．is going to ring 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我和妈妈正在做蛋糕时，手机响了。考查动词的时态。根据“when I was making a cake with my mother”可知，此处强调正在做某事时突然发生另一件事，即我和妈妈正在做蛋糕时，手机响了，此处主句动作“响”表示过去某一时刻发生的短暂动作，故应用一般过去时rang。故选A。 8．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）In China, hotpot has a history of over 1,000 years. It first ________ in the Mongolia area, and then became popular in the southern part of China. A．has appeared B．appears C．will appear D．appeared 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在中国，火锅已有1000多年的历史。它首先出现在蒙古地区，然后在中国南方流行起来。考查时态。根据“It first...in the Mongolia area”可知动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选D。 二、用所给词的正确形式填空 9．（2025·江苏淮安·中考真题）Last week, we (watch) a fashion show in the school hall. 【答案】watched 【详解】句意：上周，我们在学校礼堂看了一场时装秀。根据“Last week”以及句子结构可知，此处表示过去发生的动作，使用一般过去时，watch的过去式为watched。故填watched。 10．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）It’s clean and beautiful now, but in the past there (be) a lot of pollution. 【答案】was 【详解】句意：现在这里干净又美丽，但过去有很多污染。根据“in the past”可知，此处描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时；句子主语“a lot of pollution”是不可数名词，故be动词用was。故填was。 11．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）He (drink) tea with a few old friends in a park when we arrived. 【答案】was drinking 【详解】句意：我们到达时，他正在公园里和几个老朋友喝茶。根据“when we arrived”可知，此处描述的是我们到达时，他正在做的事情，从句是一般过去时，主句用过去进行时，主语是He，be动词用was，后跟现在分词drinking。故填was drinking。 12．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）With the help of his classmates, he (success) in solving the problems an hour ago. 【答案】succeeded 【详解】句意：在同学们的帮助下，他一小时前成功解决了这些问题。此处在句中作谓语，用动词succeed，根据“an hour ago”可知，此处用过去式。故填succeeded。 13．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）The bird heard the sound of the cars and (fly) away. 【答案】flew 【详解】句意：那只鸟听到汽车的声音后飞走了。根据“heard”可知，句子用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填flew。 14．（2025·江苏苏州·中考真题）I have never r (后悔) choosing to be kind, even when it was not easy. 【答案】regretted 【详解】句意：即使在不那么容易的时候，我也从不后悔选择善良。regret“后悔”，根据“have never”可知句子应用现在完成时，助动词have后接regret的过去分词regretted。故填regretted。 三、完成句子。 15．（2024·重庆·中考真题）They arrived at the factory early on Monday morning.（改为同义句） They the factory early on Monday morning. 【答案】 got to 【详解】句意：他们星期一一大早就到了工厂。arrive at=get to“到达”，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填got；to。 16．（2023·重庆·中考真题）Panda Ya Ya returned to China on April 27, 2023.（改为同义句） Panda Ya Ya to China on April 27, 2023. 【答案】 came back 【详解】句意：熊猫丫丫于2023年4月27日返回中国。return to=come back to“回到”，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填came；back。 17．（2023·重庆·中考真题）The students planted trees in the park last week.（对划线部分提问）    the students plant trees last week? 【答案】 Where did 【详解】句意：学生们上周在公园里种树。划线部分是地点，疑问词用where；根据“planted”可知变疑问句时借助助动词did。故填Where；did。 18．（2025·重庆沙坪坝·三模）After he left school, he went back to his hometown. (改为同义句) After he left school, he his hometown. 【答案】returned to 【详解】句意：他离开学校后，返回了家乡。根据“went”可知，原句时态为一般过去时。go back to与return to意思相近，均意为“返回”，可互换，故空处需动词过去式returned to。 19．（2025·重庆北碚·三模）他昨天很兴奋，因为他收到了他父亲的信。 He was excited yesterday, because he his father. 【答案】 heard from 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，句中缺少“收到……的来信”hear from sb.；根据“yesterday”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，所以hear变为过去式heard。故填heard；from。 20．（2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题）他在沙发上躺下，很快就睡着了。 He on the sofa and soon fell asleep. 【答案】 lay down 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空格处为“躺下”lie down，由“and soon fell asleep”可知，时态用一般过去时，空格处动词和fell为并列结构，故此处应用动词过去式lay。故填lay；down。 21．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）当时，李莉正在复习功课，而我正在浏览新闻。 At that moment, Lily the news. 【答案】was reviewing lessons while I was looking through 【详解】review lessons“复习功课”，while“当……时”，look through“浏览”，强调过去正在发生的事情，用过去进行时的结构，Lily是第三人称单数形式，助动词是was，根据I可知，助动词也用was，故填was reviewing lessons while I was looking through。 考点三 将来时态（一般将来时、过去将来时） ㈠一般将来时 1.主要构成形式 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作，事情或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作或事情。 ①will/shall+动词原形，shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称，will not=won’t，shall not=shan’t。 Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢？ Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？ ②be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？ b. 计划、安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，暴风雨快来了。 ③be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。 ④be about to +不定式，意为＂马上做某事＂。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。 注意：be about to do不能与tomorrow, next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 2.be going to和will 的区别 be going to和will 的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况，一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的： ①be going to主要用于： a. 表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做的事情。 What are you going to do today? 今天你们打算做什么？ Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。 I’m going to play the violin. 我打算拉小提琴。 She’s going to play the piano. 她打算弹钢琴。 b. 表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生。 Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧！乌云密集，要下雨了。 I am afraid I am going to have a cold. 恐怕我要患重感冒。 ②will主要用于在以下几个方面： a. 表示单纯的未来＂将要＂，通用各个人称。 They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去工厂参观。 I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling. 我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。 b. 表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。 Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 今天是星期六。明天是（将）是星期日。 He will be thirty years old this time next year.明年这个时候他将三十岁了。 c. 问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令。 Will you please turn on the radio? 请打开收音机好吗？ Will you go to the zoo with me? 你和我一起去动物园好吗？ ㈡过去将来时 1.基本概念 两种核心结构（中考必考，需熟记） 结构一：would + 动词原形 肯定句：主语 + would + 动词原形 + ... She said she would visit her grandma the next day. 否定句：主语 + would not (wouldn’t) + 动词原形 + ...He told me he wouldn’t go to the party. 一般疑问句：Would + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...?（较少见，多出现于间接引语） She asked if I would help her. 结构二：was/were going to + 动词原形 肯定句：主语 + was/were going to + 动词原形 + ... I was going to watch a movie last night, but I was busy. 否定句：主语 + was/were not (wasn’t/weren’t) going to + 动词原形 + ... They weren’t going to have a picnic because of the rain. 一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + ...? Was he going to buy a new bike? 2. 含义与时间状语：表示从过去的某一时间点来看，将要发生的动作、计划好的事情或作出的预测。关键：必须有一个过去的参照动作/时间点（用一般过去时表示）。 常见时间状语： 间接引语中：the next day（次日，对应 now 的 tomorrow）、the following week（接下来的一周）、soon（很快） 语境提示：when 引导的过去时间状语从句、主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中 3.核心用法（三种高频场景） 场景一：主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中（中考最常考的场景！） 当主句的谓语动词为一般过去时（如 said, told, asked, thought），从句中表示“将来”的动作需用过去将来时，替代原来的一般将来时。 例1（直接引语变间接引语）： 直接引语：She said, “I will go to Beijing tomorrow.” 间接引语：She said she would go to Beijing the next day. 解析：主句 said 是一般过去时，从句的 will 改为 would，tomorrow 改为 the next day（符合“过去的未来”逻辑）。 例2：He told me he was going to learn English well. 解析：主句 told 是一般过去时，从句表示“他当时计划学好英语”，用 was going to 结构。 场景二：表示过去计划或打算要做的事情 多用 was/were going to 结构，强调“动作在过去已经计划好，可能实现也可能未实现”。 例1：I was going to play basketball with my friends, but it rained. 解析：“计划打篮球”是过去的打算，最终因下雨未实现，用 was going to。 例2：They were going to visit the Great Wall the following month. 解析：“计划下个月去长城”是从过去的时间点来看的未来计划，用 were going to。 场景三：表示过去对未来的预测或意愿 多用 would 结构，强调“过去的想法、意愿或对未来的判断”。 例1：He thought he would pass the exam easily. 解析：“认为自己能轻松通过考试”是过去的预测，用 would。 例2：She said she would help us with our homework. 解析：“答应帮我们做作业”是过去的意愿，用 would。 一、单项选择 1. (2024重庆B卷·语法选择) “I can talk to people while I am walking with them. I can also enjoy the beauty and the changes of the city. In the next few years, I ______ to every corner of the city,” she says. A. walk B. walked C. will walk 【答案】C 【详解】“In the next few years”是将来时间标志，用一般将来时，结构为will + 动词原形。 2. (2022重庆B卷·语法选择) I ______ a party next Saturday. I hope you can come. A. had B. was having C. will have 【答案】C 【详解】“next Saturday”是将来时间标志，用一般将来时，结构为will + 动词原形。 3．（2025·江苏淮安·中考真题）—What will you do tomorrow? —I ________ the museum to learn about the local history. A．visit B．visited C．will visit D．are visiting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你明天要做什么？——我要去参观博物馆来了解当地的历史。考查动词时态辨析。根据问句中的时间状语“tomorrow”可知，答句应使用一般将来时，故选C。 4．（2025·江苏徐州·中考真题）Oh, you are growing so fast, Paul! Soon you ________ taller than your dad. A．are B．were C．have been D．will be 【答案】D 【详解】句意：哦，保罗，你长得真快！很快你就会比你爸爸高了。考查将来时态。根据时间标志词“Soon（很快）”可知，此处表示将来会发生的事情，需用一般将来时（will do）。故选D。 5．（2025·北京·中考真题）Many international students ________ to visit our school since last year. A．are coming B．have come C．came D．will come 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自去年以来，许多国际学生来参观我们学校。考查动词时态。根据“since last year”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选B。 6．（2025·江西·中考真题）—Lisa, your shoes are dirty. —Oh, just leave them there, Mum. I ______ them with my clothes. A．wash B．will wash C．washed D．have washed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——Lisa，你的鞋子脏了。——哦，就把它们放那儿吧，妈妈。我把它们和衣服一起洗。 考查动词时态。根据“Oh, just leave them there, Mum. I ...them with my clothes”可知，此处表示将来要做的动作，需用一般将来时（will do），故选B。 7．（2025·江西·中考真题）It ______ heavily. We are going to get all wet walking outside. A．is raining B．rains C．rained D．was raining 【答案】A 【详解】句意：外面正在下大雨。我们出去走的话会被淋湿的。考查动词时态。根据“We are going to get all wet walking outside”可知，说话时正在下雨，强调当前正在发生的动作，用现在进行时（am/is/are doing）。故选A。 8．（2024·四川广元·中考真题）Panda Yaya ________ to Beijing Zoo for over one year. She is taken good care of there. A．was back B．came back C．has come back D．has been back 【答案】D 【详解】句意：熊猫丫丫已经回到北京动物园一年多了。她在那里受到很好的照顾。 考查现在完成时。根据“for over one year”可知，本句应用现在完成时，排除AB；和一段时间连用，现在完成时的谓语动词需要是延续性动词，come是短暂性动词，排除C。故选D。 9．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）If you are lazy in spring, you ________ nothing in autumn. A．harvested B．will harvest C．are harvesting D．have harvested 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果你在春天懒惰，秋天你将一无所获。考查动词时态。If引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，主句需用一般将来时，其谓语动词结构为“will do”。故选B。 10．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）—Mom, when can I have an ice cream? —When you ________ your meal. But don’t rush it. A．finish B．will finish C．finishes D．finished 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我什么时候可以吃冰淇淋？——当你吃完饭的时候。但是不要着急。考查动词时态。根据“when can I have an ice cream?”可知，此处用一般现在时，主语是you，动词用原形finish。故选A。 11．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）—Excuse me, could you tell me ________?—Sorry, I have no idea. A．that we will have to put off the meeting B．if we would put off the meeting C．whether we will put off the meeting D．where we will put off the meeting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你能告诉我是否推迟会议吗？——对不起，我不知道。此处是宾语从句，宾语从句要用陈述语序。根据“could you tell me”可知，想知道是否推迟会议，引导词用if或whether表示“是否”，排除A和D选项。主句中的could表示委婉语气不表示过去时态，推迟会议发生在将来，故用一般将来时态（will +do），选项B是过去将来时（would +do），故排除B。故选C。 二、完成句子。 12．（2025·重庆·模拟预测）Andy will go to Weifang to take part in the Kite Festival with his friends this Sunday. (改为否定句) Andy to Weifang to take part in the Kite Festival with his friends this Sunday. 【答案】won’t go 【详解】句意：这个星期天安迪将和他的朋友们去潍坊参加风筝节。含有will的句子变否定句时，直接在will后加not，will not可缩写为won’t，其后动词用原形。故填won’t；go。 13．（2025·重庆·模拟预测）我将不会再回避说英语，并且将尝试勇敢地与他人交谈。（完成译句） I avoid speaking English and I will try to talk with others bravely. 【答案】 won’t anymore 【详解】not...anymore表示“不再”；此句是一般将来时，否定形式是won’t+动词原形。故填won’t；anymore。 14．（2025·甘肃白银·中考真题）Tom is reading Journey to the West now.（改为一般疑问句） Tom Journey to the West now? 【答案】 Is reading 【详解】句意：汤姆正在读《西游记》。根据题干可知，句子时态是现在进行时态，句中含有动词is，因此一般疑问句只需要把is提前即可。故填Is；reading。 15．（2024·贵州·中考真题）越来越多的人正在使用AI来帮助他们工作。 More and more people AI to help them with their work. 【答案】 are using 【详解】use“使用”，根据句意可知，强调动作正在发生，用现在进行时，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are；using。 考点四 被动语态 一、被动语态的结构 被动语态的结构为 be 动词加动词的过去分词，即“ be+done”。在不同的时态中，be 动词有不同的形式。 二、常用被动语态的情况 1 . 不知道动作的执行者是谁。 This watch is made in China.这块手表是中国制造的。 2 . 没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 Many trees must be planted every year.每年必须种许多树。 3 . 需要强调或突出动作的承受者。 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。（强调汉语的广泛使用） 4 . 动作的发出者是物。 Many houses were washed away by the flood.许多房子被洪水冲走了。 三、主动语态和被动语态的转换 1 . 主动语态变被动语态 (1)要将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句中的主语成分，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变为主格。 (2)把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变为宾格，并由by 引导。 (3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。 We asked him to sing an English song . →He was asked to sing an English song by us .我们要求他唱一首英文歌。 2 . 带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态 谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化为主语，则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词 to 或 for。 He gave me a book.他给了我一本书。 →I was given a book by him.（将间接宾语改为主语） →A book was given to me by him.（ 将直接宾语改为主语） 3 . 动词短语变为被动语态 许多由不及物动词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态 。注意：动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。 We should take good care of the children.我们应该照顾好这些孩子。 →The children should be taken good care of by us . (of不可省略） 4 . 带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态 宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语，变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。 I saw some boys playing football in the playground. → Some boys were seen playing football in the playground by me . 我看见一些男孩在操场上踢足球。 5 . 变被动语态时某些动词形式的选择 主动句中的感官动词 see , hear , watch , feel , notice 等以及使役动词 let , make , have 等后跟省略 to 的不定式，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号 to。 We often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening .晚上我们经常听到那个女孩在她的房间里唱歌。 →The girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening by us . 四、不同时态的被动语态 1 . 时态和语态的结合是中考的必考点，尤其是一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时的被动语态。 时态 被动语态 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are+done The classroom is cleaned by us . 一般过去时 was/were+done The kite was made by him. 一般将来时 will/shall+be done Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 含情态动词 情态动词+be+done Your homework must be finished today . 现在进行时 am/is/are+being+done A new railway is being built now. 过去进行时 was/were+being+done The roads were being built at that time. 现在完成时 have/has+been+done He has been sent to work in Shanghai. 五、主动结构表示被动意义 1. open , lock , write , read , sell , clean , wash , cut , burn , drive 等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时，可用主动语态表示被动意义。 This kind of pen writes very smoothly .这种钢笔写起来很流畅。 This kind of shirts sells well here .这种衬衫在这里卖得很好。 2. look , sound , taste , smell 等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 School uniforms look good on us .我们穿着校服很好看。 The cake smells delicious . 蛋糕闻起来很香。 3. be worth doing中，doing表示被动意义。 This film is worth seeing.这部电影值得一看。 4. want/need/require + doing 相当于want/need/ require+to be done。to be done 表示不定式的被动结构。 My bike needs repairing . = My bike needs to be repaired . 我的自行车需要修理。 一、单项选择 1. (2025重庆中考·语法选择) He spent over a year in researching and testing. Finally, a tool ______ by him. A. invented B. is invented C. was invented 答案：C 解析：主语a tool与invent是被动关系，且“发明工具”发生在过去（spent为过去式），用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were + 过去分词，tool是单数，用was invented。 2. (2024重庆A卷·语法选择) The next day, I ______ to the class by the head teacher of the school. The children felt very happy. A. introduced B. was introduced C. am introduced 答案：B 解析：主语I与introduce是被动关系，且时间状语The next day结合语境表示过去的时间，用一般过去时的被动语态，I对应的be动词是was，故选was introduced。 3. (2023重庆A卷·语法选择) I live in Chongqing. It ______ the Mountain City. A. calls B. is calling C. is called 答案：C 解析：主语It（指代Chongqing）与call是被动关系，“被称为山城”是客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为am/is/are + 过去分词，It对应的be动词是is，故选is called。 4. (2023重庆B卷·语法选择) On the first day, my bag ______ at the airport. It took us two hours to get it back. A. leaves B. left C. was left 答案：C 解析：主语my bag与leave是被动关系，且“包被落下”发生在过去（took为过去式），用一般过去时的被动语态，bag是单数，用was left。 5. (2022重庆A卷·语法选择) His guitar ______ as a gift for him last week. A. buys B. is bought C. bought D. was bought 答案：D 解析：主语his guitar与buy是被动关系，时间状语last week表示过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，guitar是单数，用was bought。 6. (2022重庆B卷·语法选择) Last year, a new old people’s home ______ in our community. A. builds B. built C. is built D. was built 答案：D 解析：主语a new old people’s home与build是被动关系，时间状语Last year表示过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，home是单数，用was built。 7. (2021重庆A卷·语法选择) A lot of trees ______ in our city in spring every year. A. are planted B. were planted C. plant D. planted 答案：A 解析：主语a lot of trees与plant是被动关系，时间状语every year表示一般现在时，用一般现在时的被动语态，trees是复数，用are planted。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空。 8．（2025·重庆九龙坡·育才模拟）Make sure the old (take) good care of in the old people’s home. 【答案】are taken 【详解】句意：确保老人在养老院能被照顾得很好。根据语境可知时态应是一般现在时，根据主语“the old”代指老人们（复数）且与动词take good care之间关系是被动，被动构成be+done，所以应是are taken，故填are taken。 9．（2024·江苏无锡·校考一模）Little Sam was scared when he (leave) alone at home on such a windy day. 【答案】was left 【详解】句意：在这样一个刮风的日子里，小萨姆被独自留在家里，他很害怕。leave“丢弃”，动词，主语和动词之间是被动关系，结合was scared可知应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was left。 10．（2025·江苏泰州·统考一模）New inventions in technology should (introduce) to old people to improve their lives. 【答案】be introduced 【详解】句意：新的科技发明应该介绍给老年人，以改善他们的生活。introduce“介绍”，为动词；主语“New inventions”跟所给谓语动词“introduce”为被动关系，故应用被动语态；should为情态动词，填空处应用含有情态动词should的被动语态，结构为：should be +动词过去分词。故填be introduced。 11．（2025·江苏无锡·统考一模）—Will you go to Johnson’s birthday party? —Unless I (invite). 【答案】am invited 【详解】句意：——你会去约翰逊的生日聚会吗？——除非我被邀请。主语I与动词invite是动宾关系，结合unless引导条件状语从句“主将从现”的原则，可知此处填一般现在时的被动语态。故填am invited。 12．（2025·湖南常德·统考一模）Tea (bring) to Japan long long ago. 【答案】was brought 【详解】句意：茶叶在很久以前就被带到了日本。根据“long long ago”可知句子应用一般过去时，主语Tea与动词bring存在逻辑上的被动关系，句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：was/were+过去分词。主语Tea为不可数名词，be动词应用was，动词bring的过去分词为brought。故填was brought。 1、 用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 （一）时态练习题。 1. Li Ming ______ (swim) in a swimming pool the day before yesterday. 答案：swam 解析：时间状语“the day before yesterday”表示过去，用一般过去时，swim的过去式是swam。 2. Kids won’t be independent if they ______ (depend) on their parents all the time. 答案：depend 解析：if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；主语they是复数，用动词原形depend。 3. We ______ (know) each other since we were children. 答案：have known 解析：时间状语“since we were children”是现在完成时的标志，主语we是复数，用have known。 4. They ______ (have) a meeting at nine o’clock yesterday morning. 答案：were having 解析：时间状语“at nine o’clock yesterday morning”表示过去具体时刻，用过去进行时，结构为was/were + doing；主语they是复数，用were having。 5. The boys were playing football on the field when it ______ (start) to rain. 答案：started 解析：when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时，start的过去式是started。 6. I can’t go out with you. I ______ (wash) my clothes now. 答案：am washing 解析：时间状语“now”表示动作正在进行，用现在进行时，主语I对应的be动词是am，故用am washing。 7. I don’t know if David ______ (attend) the meeting tomorrow. 答案：will attend 解析：if引导宾语从句，时间状语“tomorrow”表示将来，用一般将来时，结构为will + 动词原形。 8. Tom has worked here since he ______ (graduate) from school. 答案：graduated 解析：since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时，graduate的过去式是graduated。 9. I ______ (finish) my homework already. Can I go out to play now? 答案：have finished 解析：“already”是现在完成时的标志词，主语I用have finished。 10. Her eyes always ______ (shine) with excitement when she talked about her favorite food. 答案：shone 解析：时间状语从句“when she talked...”用一般过去时，主句也用一般过去时，shine的过去式是shone。 11. The baby was sleepy, so he ______ (lay) it down slowly on the bed. 答案：laid 解析：前半句“was sleepy”是一般过去时，后半句也用一般过去时，lay表示“放置”时，过去式是laid。 12. When the teacher came into the classroom, the students ______ (read) English loudly. 答案：were reading 解析：when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句表示过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时；主语students是复数，用were reading。 13. The thief ______ (steal) food from the supermarket and was caught by the policemen. 答案：stole 解析：and连接并列谓语，“was caught”是一般过去时的被动语态，故steal用一般过去时stole。 （二）被动语态练习题。 1. The performance ______ (praise) highly by the audience (观众) last night. 答案：was praised 解析：主语the performance与praise是被动关系，时间状语last night表示过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，performance是单数，用was praised。 2. In Chongqing, many trees ______ (plant) every year. 答案：are planted 解析：主语many trees与plant是被动关系，时间状语every year表示一般现在时，用一般现在时的被动语态，trees是复数，用are planted。 3. Children from Malan Village ______ (encourage) by Deng Xiaolan and stepped out of their hometown. 答案：were encouraged 解析：主语children与encourage是被动关系，and后stepped是一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态，children是复数，用were encouraged。 4. After watching Ne Zha 2 last week, most people ______ (move) deeply by Ne Zha’s fighting spirit. 答案：were moved 解析：主语most people与move是被动关系，时间状语last week表示过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，people是复数，用were moved。 5. This kind of medicine should ______ (lay) out of children’s reach. 答案：be laid 解析：主语this kind of medicine与lay是被动关系，should是情态动词，情态动词的被动语态结构为“情态动词 + be + 过去分词”，lay的过去分词是laid。 6. Squirrels (松鼠) like saving food, but they sometimes forget where it ______ (hide). 答案：is hidden 解析：主语it（指代food）与hide是被动关系，“食物被藏的地方”是客观情况，用一般现在时的被动语态，it是单数，用is hidden。 7. Zhu Ting says she will return to her motherland whenever she ______ (need). 答案：is needed 解析：主语she与need是被动关系，whenever引导的从句遵循“主将从现”，用一般现在时的被动语态，she对应的be动词是is，故选is needed。 8. As soon as Johnson finishes the task, he ______ (offer) a two-week holiday. 答案：will be offered 解析：as soon as引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时；主语he与offer是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态will be offered。 9. The picture is really worth ______ (admire). 答案：admiring 解析：“be worth doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“值得做某事”，用动名词形式admiring。 10. We saw many koalas and were happy to see that they ______ (protect) well in the forest. 答案：were protected 解析：主语they（指代koalas）与protect是被动关系，saw是一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态，they是复数，用were protected。 11. Anna ______ (choose) to be the most excellent student of our school last week. 答案：was chosen 解析：主语Anna与choose是被动关系，时间状语last week表示过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，Anna是单数，用was chosen。 12. Teenagers shouldn’t ______ (allow) to drive on the road. 答案：be allowed 解析：主语teenagers与allow是被动关系，shouldn’t是情态动词，情态动词的被动语态结构为“情态动词 + be + 过去分词”，故用be allowed。 13. Tomorrow morning, the whole neighborhood ______ (wake) up by the noise as they are beginning to build a new park. 答案：will be woken 解析：主语the whole neighborhood与wake是被动关系，时间状语tomorrow morning表示将来，用一般将来时的被动语态will be woken。 14. No experience ______ (require) to be a Helping Hand Club member. Join us! 答案：is required 解析：主语no experience与require是被动关系，“不需要经验”是客观要求，用一般现在时的被动语态，experience是不可数名词，用is required。 15. If you don’t work hard, you ______ (ask) to leave sooner or later. 答案：will be asked 解析：if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”，主句用一般将来时；主语you与ask是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态will be asked。 16. More attention requires ______ (pay) to your son if you want him to make progress. 答案：to be paid / paying 解析：主语more attention与pay是被动关系，require后可接“to be done”或动名词的主动形式表被动，故填to be paid或paying。 17. Not only the elderly couple but also the boy ______ (remind) just now, so they should remember the time. 答案：was reminded 解析：“not only...but also...”遵循“就近原则”，主语the boy是单数；与remind是被动关系，时间状语just now表示过去，用一般过去时的被动语态was reminded。 18. Don’t worry so much. All these problems ______ (deal) with soon. 答案：will be dealt 解析：主语all these problems与deal是被动关系，时间状语soon表示将来，用一般将来时的被动语态will be dealt（deal的过去分词是dealt）。 19. The children were made ______ (put) away their toys before dinner. 答案：to put 解析：“make sb. do sth.”的被动形式是“sb. be made to do sth.”，需补充不定式符号to，故填to put。 二、完成句子 1. They are going to the zoo next Friday.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ they going to the zoo? 答案：When are 解析：划线部分“next Friday”是时间，用when提问；原句是一般将来时的be going to结构，主语they，be动词用are，提至主语前。 2. 到目前为止，苏珊没有收到她妈妈的来信。（完成译句） So far, Susan ______ ______ from her mother. 答案：hasn’t heard 解析：“so far”是现在完成时标志，“收到某人来信”用hear from；主语Susan是第三人称单数，否定形式为hasn’t heard。 3. 因为这座图书馆，越来越多的学生已经爱上了读书。（完成译句） More and more students ______ ______ already ______ in love with reading because of this library. 答案：have fallen 解析：“already”是现在完成时标志，“爱上”用fall in love with，fall的过去分词是fallen；主语students是复数，用have fallen。 4. 昨天当你给我打电话时，我们正在观看《典籍里的中国》。（完成译句） We ______ ______ China in the Classics when you phoned me yesterday. 答案：were watching 解析：when引导的从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时；主语we是复数，用were watching。 5. 你曾经去过那个城市吗？（完成译句） Have you ever ______ ______ that city? 答案：been to 解析：“曾经去过某地”用have been to，是现在完成时的固定表达。 三、语法选择。根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。 Dear sister, How are things back home? I had ____1____ great time in China. Today, I ____2____ acupuncture(针灸) for the first time! I woke up this morning with a bad backache, so I called the hotel reception desk and asked ____3____ they knew of any nearby hospitals. They gave me a list of some places I could go to and I chose an acupuncture clinic (诊所) which was the ____4____ to the hotel on the list. I thought it would hurt at first when the clinic staff started putting in needles, but I hardly felt ____5____. Then I felt a warm sensation ____6____ up slowly in my lower back and I became very relaxed. It ____7____ a lot and my back doesn’t hurt any more. Afterwards, I went to a shop next door that sells Chinese herbal medicines. I ____8____ by the huge glass jars (罐) in the shop. They are full of all kinds of roots, ____9____, plants, and things I cannot even describe. I bought a box of dried ginseng (人参) as a gift ____10____ you. I’ll give it to you when I get back. Love, John 1. A. the B. a C. an 2. A. have B. has C. had 3. A. if B. that C. what 4. A. near B. nearer C. nearest 5. A. nothing B. anything C. something 6. A. move B. moves C. to move 7. A. help B. had helped C. has helped 8. A. shocked B. was shocked C. was shocking 9. A. leaf B. leaves C. leaves’ 10. A. for B. to C. with 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. A 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要写信给妹妹介绍了自己在中国一天的经历。 【1题详解】句意：我在中国玩得很开心。the这，定冠词；a一，后接以辅音音素开头的单词；an一，后接以元音音素开头的单词。根据“I had...great time in China.”可知，have a great time“玩得开心。故选B。 【2题详解】句意：今天，我第一次进行针灸。have有，动词原形；has有，动词三单；had有，动词过去式。根据“woke”可知，此处时态应用一般过去时。故选C。 【3题详解】句意：我今天早上起来背痛得厉害，所以，我打电话给酒店前台并且问他们是否知道任何附近的医院。if是否；that引导宾语从句时无意义且不充当成分；what什么。分析句子结构可知，空格处为宾语从句引导词，分析从句可知，从句不缺成分，此处表示“他们是否知道附近有任何医院”，故应用if。故选A。 【4题详解】句意：他们给了一些我能去的地方的清单，并且我选择了一个清单上距离酒店最近的针灸诊所。 near附近的；nearer更近的；nearest最近的。根据空前的“the”可知，此处应用形容词最高级。故选C。 【5题详解】句意：当这个诊所的工作人员开始施针时，一开始我认为会疼，但我几乎没有感觉到任何东西。nothing没有什么；anything任何东西；something某物。根据句中的“hardly”可知，空格处句子为否定句，而否定句中用anything。故选B。 【6题详解】句意：然后我感觉一股暖流慢慢爬上我背的下面部分，并且，我变得非常放松。move移动，动词原形；moves移动，三单；to move移动，动词不定式。句子的谓语为感官动词feel的过去式“felt”，而feel接非谓语动词作宾补时，只能接省to的不定式作宾补或现在分词作宾补，所以，排除B和C。故选A。 【7题详解】句意：它帮助了我很多，并且我的背不再疼了。help帮助，一般现在时；had helped帮助，过去完成时；has helped帮助，现在完成时。根据前文可知，作者进行针灸是过去的事情，所以，针灸已经帮助了我，结合“It...a lot and my back doesn’t hurt any more.”可知，此处是强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，所以，时态需用现在完成时。故选C。 【8题详解】句意：我被这个店里的巨大玻璃罐子所震惊。shocked使震惊，一般过去时；was shocked被震惊，一般过去时的被动语态；was shocking是令人震惊的。根据空后的“by the huge glass jars (罐)”可知，此处介词by带出了谓语动作的发出者，所以，前面应用被动语态。故选B。 【9题详解】句意：它们装满了各种各样的根、叶子、植物和我甚至无法描述的东西。leaf叶子；leaves叶子，名词复数；leaves’叶子的，名词所有格。根据“roots...plants, and things”可知，此处“and”连接的几个词为并列关系，所以，需填入名词，并且，若填入的词为可数名词，需填入可数名词复数，所以，leaves符合语境。故选B。 【10题详解】句意：我买了一盒干制的人参作为礼物给你。for给；to向；with有。根据“I bought a box of dried ginseng (人参) as a gift...you.”可知，此处表达的应是：我买了一个干制的人参作为礼物给你，所以，for符合语境。故选A。 四、完形填空。根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案。 Once upon a time, there lived a wise man. His son, however, was very lazy. The man was worried about his son’s future. He came to realize that his son needed to know the importance of taking care of ____1____. One day, the man said to his son, “I hope you are able to get the real purpose of your life.” Then he handed his son a map and asked him to find the ____2____ . The son ____3____ the next day. Along the way, he met a lot of people. Some helped him with food, and some with shelter (住所). Finally, after a long year, he reached the place. But nothing could be found. ____4____ his journey home, he went through the same places. But this time, he stopped to enjoy the beauty of nature. He learned how to hunt, cook and protect himself from wild animals. He met the same people who had helped him ___5____, and this time he helped them in return. When he reached home, he apologized (道歉) to his father for not finding the treasure. “It doesn’t matter, my son,” the man answered with a smile. “But why did you send me to find it?” he asked. The father didn’t answer the question. ____6____, he asked, “How was your journey to the place?” “I didn’t enjoy it at all ____7____ I was in a hurry looking for the treasure. But I did enjoy the journey on my way back home. I made many ____8____ and I learned so many skills, which made me forget the pain of not finding the treasure.” His father said to him, “Now I think you have got your life’s ____9____ purpose. I want you to lead your life with a goal. But if you remain too focused on your goal, you will ____10____ the real treasure of life—to just experience it and grow with it every single day.” 1. A. himself B. herself C. themselves D. itself 2. A. chance B. food C. treasure D. shelter 3. A. checked out B. ran out C. watched out D. set out 4. A. On B. From C. After D. For 5. A. later B. earlier C. sooner D. harder 6. A. However B. Besides C. Instead D. Luckily 7. A. unless B. although C. so D. because 8. A. mistakes B. friends C. choices D. promises 9. A. common B. only C. special D. true 10. A. find B. miss C. drop D. receive 【答案】1—5 ACDAB 6—10 CDBDB 【解析】本文主要讲述了一位智者为了让懒惰的儿子明白人生的意义，故意让儿子去寻找财宝的故事。 【1题详解】句意：他逐渐意识到他的儿子需要了解照顾自己的重要性。himself他自己；herself她自己；themselves他们自己；itself它自己。根据“his son needed to know the importance of...”可知主语为“his son”，即他的儿子应该学会照顾他自己，故选A。 【2题详解】句意：然后他递给儿子一张地图，让他去找宝藏。chance机会；food食物；treasure财宝；shelter住所。根据“When he reached home, he apologized (道歉) to his father for not finding the treasure.”可知是让儿子寻找宝藏，故选C。 【3题详解】句意：儿子第二天就出发了。checked out检查；ran out用完；watched out注意；set out启程，出发。根据“Then he handed his son a map and asked him to find the treasure.”可知第二天儿子就出发去找宝藏，故选D。 【4题详解】句意：在回家的旅途中，他经过了相同的地方。On在……上；From来自；After在……之后；For为了。根据“…his journey home”可知考查短语on one’s journey home“在回家的旅途中”，故选A。 【5题详解】句意：他遇到了以前帮助过他的那些人，这次他帮助了他们作为回报。 later更晚；earlier更早；sooner更快；harder更难。根据“He met the same people who had helped him...”可知回家时遇到了之前帮助过他的人，earlier符合语境，故选B。 【6题详解】句意：相反，他问道：“你去那个地方的旅程怎么样？” However然而；Besides此外；Instead相反；Luckily幸运地。根据“The father didn’t answer the question...he asked, ‘How was your journey to the place?’”可知父亲没回答问题，反而反问儿子，故选C。 【7题详解】句意：我一点没有享受这趟旅程，因为我急于寻找宝藏。unless除非；although尽管；so所以；because因为。根据“I didn’t enjoy it at all...I was in a hurry looking for the treasure.”可知后半句是前半句的原因，故选D。 【8题详解】句意：我交了很多朋友，学到了很多技能，这让我忘记了找不到宝藏的痛苦。 mistakes错误；friends朋友；choices选择；promises承诺。根据“which made me forget the pain of not finding the treasure.”可知，能忘记痛苦是因为交到了朋友，make friends“交朋友”，故选B。 【9题详解】句意：现在我想你找到了人生的真正目标。common共同的；only仅仅；special特别的；true真正的。根据“I made many friends and I learned so many skills…”可知找到了人生的真正目标，故选D。 【10题详解】句意：但如果你过于专注于你的目标，你就会错过生活的真正宝藏——每天都去体验它，和它一起成长。find发现；miss想念，错过；drop掉下；receive接收。根据“But if you remain too focused (专注) on your goal, you will...the real treasure of life…”可知，太过于专注目标会错过生活的宝藏，故选B。 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $