专题02 动词和动词短语（复习讲义）（重庆专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题02 动词和动词短语 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 2 03 考点通关·靶向突破 3 ★ 考点一 实义动词 3 ★ 考点二 系动词 7 ★ 考点三 助动词 9 ★ 考点四 情态动词 11 ★ 考点五 动词短语 15 04 优题精选·练能提分 21 名词 课程分析 考情剖析 重庆中考动词与动词短语必考点全覆盖，单选/语法填空考形式，完形/阅读考语境，写作考准确运用；命题坚持语境化+综合化，解题关键是“先抓标志、再判结构、最后看逻辑”，用口诀和步骤稳拿分。 命题预测 1. 整体趋势：坚持语境化+综合化，不考孤立规则，结合校园/环保/科技等场景，强调“语法正确+语义通顺”。 2. 考点预测 ①动词：时态聚焦一般过去/现在完成/过去进行；情态动词考推测（must/may/might/can't）。 ②动词短语：高频短语（give up、look forward to、pay attention to等）必出，新增熟词生义（如go表变质、run表变得）。 ③题型：语法填空加语境化词形转换（原形→三单/过去式/分词）；完形强化动词短语与上下文逻辑；写作要求准确运用3-5个核心短语。 3. 创新点：阅读长难句嵌入非谓语作定/状；书面表达将短语搭配设为得分点（如make a decision、take measures）。 解题锦囊 一、解题步骤 抓题干核心语境，圈出关键词；排除明显不符的短语；代入验证，看语义是否通顺：短语的含义必须贴合上下文的动作逻辑，不能只看单个词。 二、备考建议 1. 建“动词错题本”：按“时态/非谓语/短语”分类，标注错因与口诀； 2. 每天10题真题：单选+完形，专攻动词/短语，强化语境判断； 3. 短语“句中记”：每个高频短语配1个中考级例句，避免死记硬背。 考点一 实义动词 1. 第三人称单数 (1) 一般情况下在动词原形后加-s。如：runs、walks、eats、drinks (2) 以s、x、ch、sh以及o结尾的动词，一般在词尾加-es。如：teach — teaches；wash — washes；go — goes；do — does；pass — passes；relax — relaxes (3) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将y变为i再加-es。如：try — tries；study — studies 注：以“元音字母+y”结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-s。如：play — plays；stay — stays 2. 现在分词 (1) 一般情况下在动词原形后加-ing。如：going、doing、studying (2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ing。如：live — living；write — writing (3) 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写该辅音字母再加-ing。如：sit — sitting；begin — beginning (4) 少数几个以ie结尾的动词变ie为y，再加-ing。如：die — dying；lie — lying 3. 过去式与过去分词 (1) 规则变化： ① 一般情况下在动词原形后加-ed。如：looked、walked、watched ② 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，先将y变为i，再加-ed。如：carry — carried；study — studied ③ 以e结尾的动词，直接加-d。如：live — lived；achieve — achieved ④ 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写该辅音字母再加-ed。如：stop — stopped；plan — planned (2) 不规则变化： 1. AAA（过去式、过去分词与原形完全相同） cost→cost→cost；cut→cut→cut；hit→hit→hit；hurt→hurt→hurt；let→let→let；put→put→put；read→read→read；set→set→set 2. AAB（过去式与原形相同） beat→beat→beaten 3. ABA（过去分词与原形相同） become→became→become；come→came→come；run→ran→run 4. ABB（过去式与过去分词相同） (1) 加d，t或ed：hear→heard→heard；mean→meant→meant (2) d→t：build→built→built；lend→lent→lent；send→sent→sent；spend→spent→spent (3) 原形→ought→ought：bring→brought→brought；buy→bought→bought；fight→fought→fought；think→thought→thought (4) 原形→aught→aught：catch→caught→caught；teach→taught→taught (5) 变其中的元音字母：dig→dug→dug；feed→fed→fed；find→found→found；get→got→got (gotten)；hang→hung→hung；hold→held→held；meet→met→met；sit→sat→sat；shine→shone→shone；stick→stuck→stuck；win→won→won (6) 原形→lt/pt/ft→lt/pt/ft：feel→felt→felt；keep→kept→kept；leave→left→left；sleep→slept→slept；deal→dealt→dealt (7) 过去式、过去分词有两种形式：dream→dreamed/dreamt→dreamed/dreamt；learn→learned/learnt→learned/learnt；light→lighted/lit→lighted/lit；smell→smelled/smelt→smelled/smelt；speed→speeded/sped→speeded/sped；spell→spelled/spelt→spelled/spelt (8) 其他：have(has)→had→had；lay→laid→laid；lose→lost→lost；make→made→made；pay→paid→paid；say→said→said；sell→sold→sold；stand→stood→stood；tell→told→told；understand→understood→understood 5. ABC（原形、过去式、过去分词三者均不相同） (1) 原形→过去式→原形+(e)n：blow→blew→blown；draw→drew→drawn；drive→drove→driven；eat→ate→eaten；fall→fell→fallen；give→gave→given；grow→grew→grown；know→knew→known；mistake→mistook→mistaken；rise→rose→risen；see→saw→seen；take→took→taken；throw→threw→thrown；show→showed→shown；wake→woke→woken 注意：ride→rode→ridden（骑）；write→wrote→written（写作；写字） (2) 原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n：break→broke→broken；choose→chose→chosen；speak→spoke→spoken；steal→stole→stolen 注意：get→got→gotten (got)；forget→forgot→forgotten (3) i→a→u：begin→began→begun；drink→drank→drunk；ring→rang→rung；sing→sang→sung；swim→swam→swum (4) 其他：be(am, is, are)→was, were→been；do(does)→did→done；fly→flew→flown；go→went→gone；lie→lay→lain；wear→wore→worn 【注】情态动词只有过去式，没有过去分词： can—could；may—might；shall—should；will—would 一、单项选择 1．（2024·重庆·期中）—Can I ________ the chess club?—Of course. Thanks for ________ us. A．join in; joining B．join; joining C．join; joining in D．join in; join 2．（2021·重庆九龙坡·二模）The spacecraft “Tianwen 1” successfully ________ Mars (火星) in February this year, and I really hope that I can walk on that red planet one day. A．got B．arrived C．reached D．saved 3．（2025·山东东营·中考真题）“Tom, stop it! Don’t let your phone ______ our family time!” Dad warned at dinner. A．hide B．save C．steal D．borrow 4．（2023·四川广元·中考真题）—Tina, when did you come to Guangyuan? —Oh, many years ago. I ________ here since I was five. A．have gone B．have been C．was D．am 5．（2025·江苏镇江·中考真题）Our English teacher isn’t in the office now. She ________ the library. A．goes to B．has gone to C．will go to D．was going to 6．（2025·西藏·中考真题）Our teacher advises us ________ ourselves in the sunshine. A．enjoy B．to enjoy C．enjoyed D．enjoying 7．（2025·西藏·中考真题）It often ________ me 50 minutes to finish this kind of paper cutting. A．takes B．costs C．pays D．spends 8．（2025·江苏淮安·中考真题）—What will you do tomorrow? —I ________ the museum to learn about the local history. A．visit B．visited C．will visit D．are visiting 9．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）—That sounds interesting! May I ask ________ to see the changes? —Well, it depends. Some people take a while, and some others take forever. A．how much will it cost B．how long will it take C．how much it will cost D．how long it will take 10．（2025·江西抚州·模拟预测）The film Zootopia 2 ________ very popular since it was first shown on Nov. 26th. A．became B．has become C．was becoming D．become 二、用所给单词的提示填空 11．（2024·重庆渝中·模拟预测）The boy r wasting a large number of time on computer games after the exam results were given out. 12．（2023·重庆渝中·模拟预测）She becomes shy and she is not the one she used to be, so she doesn’t get used to in public. (praise) 13．（2022·重庆渝中·模拟预测）Hearing the bad news, she rushed out, leaving the book on the floor and disappeared from view. (lie) 14．（2025·西藏·中考真题）So far, China (turn) parts of deserts into forests. 15．（2025·重庆渝中·一模）We need to d this topic further before making a decision. 16．（2025·重庆渝中·一模）She sticks to (practice) the piano for two hours every day, so her skills have improved a lot. 17．（2025·重庆渝中·一模）Your words r me of the old saying “Practice makes perfect”. 18．（2025·重庆渝中·一模）Unfortunately, she (break) a leg in a car accident and was sent to the hospital. 19．（2023·重庆九龙坡·一模）You are halfway to (solve) a problem just by talking to someone about it. 20．（2023·重庆九龙坡·一模）By the end of last year, she (write) over 20 books. 21．（2023·重庆九龙坡·一模）My grandmother was very sad because her hen which l one egg every day was killed by that big dog. 22．（2022·重庆渝中·模拟预测）Though the space is for disabled people, he still sticks to p his car there. 三、完成句子 23．（2025·重庆沙坪坝·二模）Serena borrowed an umbrella from me yesterday. （改为同义句） I an umbrella Serena yesterday. 24．（2025·重庆沙坪坝·二模）He has made some friends in the past three years. （改为否定句） He any friends in the past three years. 25．（2025·重庆·二模）Lily comes from a small village. (改为否定句) Lily from a small village 26．（2025·重庆九龙坡·二模）Bob bought this book two weeks ago. （改为同义句） Bob this book for two weeks. 27．（2025·重庆九龙坡·二模）因为天气炎热， 孩子们更喜欢在池子里游泳，而不是在户外跑步。 (完成译句) Because of the hot weather, children in the pool instead of running outdoors. 28．（2025·重庆沙坪坝·一模）We didn’t get to the airport in time because of the heavy traffic.(改为同义句) The heavy traffic us getting to the airport in time. 29．（2025·重庆九龙坡·二模）Three years has passed since he left his hometown.（同义句转换） He has from his hometown for three years. 30．（2025年重庆市四川外国语大学附属外国语学校中考二模英语试题）tomorrow, will, it, rain, wonder, they, whether (连词成句) . 考点二 系动词 1. 系动词不能单独作谓语，需与表语（通常为形容词或名词）共同构成谓语，用于描述主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。 2. 常见的系动词主要分为三类： 状态类：如be、keep、seem等； 变化类：如become、turn、get、grow、go等； 感官类：如feel、sound、look、smell、taste等。 （此外，部分动词如prove在特定语境下也可归为系动词，意为“证明是”。） 3. 系动词没有被动语态。 一、单项选择 1．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）Runyang Bridge ________ in service in 2005 and it has developed the economy between Yangzhou and Zhenjiang. A．was B．is C．has been D．will be 2．（2025·吉林长春·三模）After lots of practice, neither Susan nor I ______ afraid of giving a speech in public now. A．am B．is C．are D．be 3．（2025·云南·模拟预测）Li Hua and her classmates ________ good friends, and they often help each other. A．is B．are C．was D．were 4．（2025·四川广元·模拟预测）—I always ______ when I has finished all my work. —So do I. It’s such a relief and makes all the effort worth it. A．look pleasant B．feel pleased C．sound pleasure D．feel pleasantly 5．（2025·安徽芜湖·三模）—Which coat do you prefer?—The black one. It ________ more comfortable. A．tastes B．smells C．feels D．sounds 6．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）My parents and I ________ going to visit the Shanghai Disneyland this summer holiday. A．is B．am C．are D．be 7．（2024·上海浦东新·模拟预测）The idea of eating in that big restaurant _______. A．tastes wonderful B．tastes wonderfully C．sounds wonderful D．sounds wonderfully 8．（2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题）—How about climbing Donghua Mountain this weekend? —Sounds great. Then a pair of comfortable sports shoes ________ necessary. A．is B．was C．are D．were 9．（2023·湖北孝感·中考真题）—Daniel, try this strawberry cake. —It ____ delicious. I’d like to have some more. A．smells B．feels C．tastes D．looks 10．（2023·重庆渝中·模拟预测）—I tried to make Kate _______ her school project carefully but I found it difficult. —Well, I saw you ________ that when I went past. A．did; do B．do; doing C．done; to do D．does; doing 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 11.（2025·甘肃兰州·二模）Using public chopsticks (be) necessary when eating with others. 12．（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）Products made in China (be) popular at home and abroad over the past few years. 13．（2022·江苏南京·中考真题）The teacher told us that the gravity on Mars (be) only about three-eighths of that on Earth. 三、完成句子。 14．（2025·重庆沙坪坝·一模）外面一个人都没有，这座城市当时感觉像一座孤城。（完成译句） With nobody outside, it a lonely city at that time. 15.（2025·重庆期中·练习）他（孙悟空）是中国古典文学四大名著之一——《西游记》中的一个英雄。 He is a hero in the novel called Journey to the West, one of the four classic novels of Chinese literature. 16．（2025·重庆九龙坡·二模）for,  better, a,  he,  working hard, future, is (连词成句) . 考点三 助动词 助动词本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示否定、疑问及各种时态和语态。 助动词 用法 示例 be （am/is/are/was/were） “be + 过去分词”构成被动语态 It is made in China. “be + doing”构成进行时态 She is writing now. do (does/did) “do + not”构成否定句 I don't like oranges. do提到主语前构成疑问句 Do you like oranges? do+动词原形表强调 I do like oranges. have (has/had) “have + not”构成否定句 I haven't heard of him. 提到主语前构成疑问句 Have you heard of him? have+过去分词构成现在完成时态 I have finished my homework. 一、单项选择 1．（2025·全国·模拟预测）—What a heavy rain! When did it start? —It started at about seven this morning. I ________ the newspaper at home then. A．read B．will read C．have read D．was reading 2．（2025·甘肃平凉·二模）—What a day! I was fired by the boss and my son hurt himself in the PE lesson. —________, as the saying goes. I’m sorry to hear that. A．It never rains but it pours B．Every dog has its day C．Don’t burn the candle at both ends D．The early bird catches the worm 3．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）In order to improve her English, my aunt took every chance to practice while she ________ abroad. A．works B．was working C．has worked D．will work 2、 完成句子 4. (2024重庆A卷) She visited her grandparents last Sunday.（改为否定句） She _______ _______ her grandparents last Sunday. 5. (2024重庆B卷) Kate likes eating vegetable salad.（改为否定句） Kate _______ _______ eating vegetable salad. 6．（2025·重庆九龙坡·二模）Lily put on some weight during the Spring Festival. (改为否定句) Lily on any weight during the Spring Festival. 7．（2025·重庆沙坪坝·一模）Jenny does homework after dinner every day. (改为否定句) Jenny homework after dinner every day. 考点四 情态动词 一、情态动词的基本用法 【can 和 could】 1. can 表示现在的能力；could 表过去的能力；be able to 可用于多个时态，且表示经过一番努力获得的能力。 (1) When you were 8, could you swim?询问过去的能力用could。 (2) I can speak 3 kinds of language now.表示现在的能力用can。 (3) Yesterday, after a lot of practice, they were able to make dumplings themselves.表示过去经过努力获得的能力用were able to。 2. 表示“请求”或者“许可” could 比 can 更加委婉。 (1) —Could I speak to Mr. Smith, please?—Sorry, you B. can't. He is out. could表委婉请求，否定回答用can't（客观上不能）。 (2) —Could you please stay here until 12:00 pm?—Sorry, I B. can't. 同上，委婉请求的否定回答用can't。 (3) —Could you ride bikes when you were in primary school?—Yes, I B. could. 询问过去的能力，肯定回答用could。 【must】 1. must & have to 表示“必须”：have to 比较强调客观需要，用于更多时态，must 着重说明主观看法。 e.g. We must study hard.解析：此处表主观上“必须”学习，用must。 2. 针对“Must/Need I...?”的回答 —Must/Need I stay here?—Yes, you must. —No, you needn't/don't have to/don't need to. must的肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't或don't have to/don't need to。 【need 需要】 1. need 作为情态动词多用于否定和疑问句，其否定形式为 needn’t do。 2. need 也可做实义动词，搭配为 need to do；其否定形式为 don’t/doesn't...need to do。 3. need+doing=need to be done 某事需要被做 e.g. 他不用休息。He needn't have a rest. = He doesn't need to have a rest. 前一句need是情态动词，后一句need是实义动词，主语he是第三人称单数，否定用doesn't need to。 【should 应该】 1. should do 和 be supposed to do 的替换 (1) Teenagers should wear their own clothes. = Teenagers are supposed to wear their own clothes. should do与be supposed to do均表“应该做某事”，主语teenagers是复数，be动词用are。 (2) Should I apologize to him? = Am I supposed to apologize to him? 一般疑问句中将be动词提前，主语I对应的be动词是am。 二、情态动词表推测的用法 【must表推测】must 只用在肯定句中表推测，译为“一定” 1. This book must belong to Jim, for there is his name on it. must表肯定推测，“belong to”是固定短语，情态动词后接动词原形。 2. They must be family members, for they almost look the same. must后接be动词原形，表对现在状态的肯定推测。 【can表推测】can 表示“推测”，多用在否定和疑问句中，一般不用于肯定句 1. He can't be Mr. White, for I saw him go to the library just now. can't表否定推测“不可能”，后接be动词原形。 2. 这个事儿是真的吗？Can it be true? can用于疑问句表推测，置于句首，后接动词原形。 3. 他可能是做什么工作的呢？What can he do? can用于疑问句表推测，“做工作”用实义动词do。 【may 和 might 表推测】可以用在肯定、否定句表推测 1. Maybe he knows the answer. = He may know the answer. maybe是副词，may是情态动词，后接动词原形表“可能”。 2. Maybe he is from Britain. = He may be from Britain. may后接be动词原形，构成系表结构。 3. 他可能不知道这个事实。He may not know the truth. may的否定形式为may not，后接动词原形。 【could表推测】could 表示猜测可以用于肯定、否定和疑问句，比 can 表推测时可能性要小一些 1. 这个书包可能是海伦的。The schoolbag could be Helen’s. could表可能性较小的推测，后接be动词原形。 2. 关于这则新闻，他可能要说什么？What could he say about the news? could用于疑问句表推测，后接动词原形say。 3. 这次我不大可能会参加这个会议。I couldn't attend the meeting this time. couldn't表“不大可能”，后接动词原形attend。 三、情态动词不同情况的推测 【一】对现在正在发生的动作的推测 1. 这么晚了，他不可能还在学习。It’s too late. He can't be studying. 对现在进行时的否定推测用“can't be + 现在分词”。 2. 他们有可能正在看电影。They may be watching the movies. 对现在进行时的肯定推测用“may be + 现在分词”。 3. Gina 可能正在做什么呢？What may Gina be doing? 疑问句中对现在进行时的推测用“may + 主语 + be + 现在分词”。 【二】对已经发生事情的推测 sb must/may have done sth... 1. 他昨晚一定已经做完了作业。He must have finished his homework yesterday evening. must have done表对过去事情的肯定推测。 2. 昨天当我到达操场时，他可能已经离开了。He may have left when I arrived at the playground yesterday. may have done表对过去事情的可能性推测。 一、单项选择 1．（2023·四川广元·中考真题）—Look! Linda is over there. —It ________ be her. She has gone to Shanghai for an English speech competition. A．must B．mustn’t C．can’t D．can 2．（2025·江苏镇江·中考真题）It is a rule that passengers ________ smoke in the high-speed railway. A．wouldn’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．couldn’t 3．（2025·西藏·中考真题）You ________ wear a helmet (头盔) when you ride an E-bike. A．have to B．has to C．can’t D．shouldn’t 4．（2025·甘肃平凉·一模）Excuse me. Read the text louder, please. I ________ hear you. A．can’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．can 5．（2025·安徽·模拟预测）—Using both sides of paper can save lots of wood every year. —________. Small actions can make a big difference. A．That’s all right B．I don’t think so C．It’s my pleasure D．I couldn’t agree more 6．（2025·安徽亳州·二模）—I’m going to give up learning the guitar. My fingers hurt so much. —Don’t lose heart. Keep practicing. There _________ be a good result if you stick to it. A．must B．mustn’t C．can D．can’t 7．（2025·全国·模拟预测）—Can we still see this kind of rare trees in the mountain? —It is hard to say. There ________ be some on the top of it. A．will B．must C．may D．need 8．（2023·重庆渝中·模拟预测）—Jack, I have cleaned the bedroom for you. —Thanks, Mom. You ________. I could manage it myself. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t 9．（2023·重庆大渡口·一模）—Whose is the pencil box?—It ________ be Tom’s. Look at his name on the cover! A．can B．may C．need D．must 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 10．（2022·重庆·一模）What people want cannot always (express) in money. 11．（2022·重庆·一模）My best friend Andy is such a talented boy that he has m three foreign languages in the past two years. 三、完成句子 12. (2025重庆中考) 面对困难，我们应该永不放弃。（完成译句） We should never _______ _______ in the face of difficulties. 13．（2025·重庆·二模）without, can’t, finish, my, work, I, help, your (连词成句) . 14．（2025·重庆沙坪坝·一模）teenagers, allowed, be, should, not, smoke, to (连词成句) . 考点五 动词短语 1. 常见相同动词类 动词 动词构成的短语 get get lost（迷路）；get dressed（穿衣服）；get used to (doing) sth.（习惯了（做）某事）；get in the way of（阻碍）；get on（上车，尤指大型交通工具）；get off（下车，尤指大型交通工具）；get over（克服）；get to（到达）；get up（起床）；get mad（生气）；get married（结婚）；get together（相聚）；get into（进入；被录取）；get back（回来；取回）；get ready for…（为……做好准备）；get along/on with（与……和睦相处） put put back（把……放回去）；put on（穿上；增加（体重）；上演）；put away（收起来）；put off（推迟）；put sth. to good use（好好利用某物）；put out（熄灭；扑灭）；put up（张贴；建造；搭建）；put down（放下；记下）；put… into…（把……放进……） look look over（检查身体）；look like（看起来像）；look after（照顾）；look out（当心）；look through（浏览）；look up to（尊重；仰慕）；look up（查阅；查找；抬头看）；look around（环顾四周）；look down upon（看不起）；look back at（回顾）；look the same（看起来一样）；look forward to…（期待；期盼……）；look at（看）；look for（寻找） come come down（下降）；come true（实现）；come up with（想出）；come on（加油）；come from（来自）；come out（出版；出现）；come in（进来） take take photos（照相）；take notes（记笔记）；take out（取出）；take up（占据；开始从事）；take it easy（从容；轻松）；take after（外表/行为像（长辈））；take pride in（为……感到自豪）；take care（保重；当心）；take turns（依次；轮流）；take off（起飞；脱下）；take exercise（做运动）；take one’s place（取代某人）；take place（发生；举办）；take part in（参加）；take away（拿走）；take one’s order（（服务员）记下某人的订单）；take… seriously（认真对待……；重视……）；take one’s temperature（给某人量体温）；take breaks/a break（休息）；take risks/a risk（冒险）；take out the rubbish（倒垃圾）；take care of（照顾；照料；处理）；take down（记下；拆除）；take in（欺骗；吸收）；take action（采取行动） turn turn on（打开）；turn to（转向；求助于）；turn out（生产；结果是）；turn up（出现；声音开大）；turn down（关小；调低；拒绝）；turn into（变成）；turn right/left（向右/左转）；turn off（关掉） have have a picnic（去野餐）；have to do with（与……有关）；have good luck（运气好）；have a good time（玩得开心）；have fun doing sth.（做某事很开心）；have trouble (in) doing sth.（做某事有困难）；have a point（有道理；说得对）；have sth. on（穿着……）；have… in common（在……方面有共同点） fall fall asleep（入睡）；fall off（从……掉下）；fall down（倒下；跌倒）；fall in love with（喜欢上；爱上）；fall behind（落后）；fall ill（生病）；fall over（绊倒） keep keep off（远离；使……处于关闭的状态）；keep on doing sth.（坚持做某事）；keep sb. from doing sth.（阻止某人做某事）；keep… to oneself（保守秘密）；keep away from（远离；避免接触）；keep one’s cool（保持冷静） pull pull down（捣毁，拆毁，摧毁（建筑物））；pull together（齐心协力；通力合作） make make a mess（弄乱；搞得一团糟）；make a soup（做汤；熬汤）；make up（编造）；make money（挣钱）；make a noise（吵闹）；make a living（谋生）；be made of/from（由……制成）；make a decision（做出决定）；make up one’s mind（下定决心）；make a difference to（对……产生影响）；make friends with（和……交朋友）；make the team（加入（球）队）；make one’s bed（整理床铺）；make an effort to do sth.（努力去做某事）；make one’s way to…（努力前往……）；make sb. feel at home（使（某人）感到宾至如归）；make sure（确保）；make faces（做鬼脸）；make it（成功做到）；make a wish（许愿） 2. 常见相同介词/副词类 介/副词 动词+介/副词 about be sure about（对……确信）；argue about（争论）；think about（考虑）；talk about（谈论） for prepare for（为……做准备）；pay for（支付某物；为某人付钱）；send for（派人去请某人）；go for…（为了……全力以赴）；leave for（前往某地）；care for（喜欢；照顾）；look for（寻找）；wait for（等候）；try out for…（参加……的选拔）；be thirsty for…（对……渴望；渴求）；be responsible for（对……负责；是……的原因）；be known for（因……而闻名）；fight for（为……而战）；ask for（请求）；stand for（代表）；search for（寻找） at aim at（瞄准；旨在于）；look at（看向）；laugh at（嘲笑）；knock at（敲（门、窗））；be surprised at（对……感到惊讶）；be good at（擅长……）；be disappointed at…（对某事感到失望）；arrive at（到达（小地点））；point at（指向）；shout at（冲……吼） off put off（推迟）；fall off（从……掉下）；turn off（关掉）；keep off（远离；使……处于关闭的状态）；clean off（把……擦掉）；set off（触发警报；启程）；go off（（闹钟）发出响声）；cut off（切掉；切断（水电供应））；get off（下车）；shut off（停止运转；关掉（电源、水、煤气等））；take off（起飞；脱下（衣物）；突然成功）；kick sb. off（把某人赶走；开除某人） from come from（来自）；hear from（收到……的来信、消息）；tell… from…（分辨……与……）；keep away from（远离；避免接触）；stay away from（远离）；across from（在……对面）；be different from（与……不同）；learn from sb./sth.（向……学习）；separate(…) from…（把……与……分开） up end up（结束）；give up（放弃）；make up（编造）；stay up（熬夜）；wake up（醒来）；grow up（长大成人）；clean up（打扫干净）；cheer up（使振作）；show/turn up（出现；露面）；take up（占据；开始从事）；dress up（盛装；装扮）；pick up（捡起；拿起（电话）；接人）；put up（张贴；搭建；建造）；send up（发射（卫星））；fix up（修理）；look up（查阅；抬头看）；set up（建立）；use up（用光）；cut up（切碎） out come out（出版；出现）；give/hand out（分发）；point out（指出）；run out（某物被用光）；work out（解决）；clear out（把……清理出来）；help out（帮助摆脱困境）；try out（试验；试用）；cut out（删除；裁剪；停止（做某事））；check out（察看、观察（有趣或有吸引力的人或事物））；lay out（铺开；摆开；展开）；leave out（遗漏；省去；不包括）；eat out（外出就餐）；blow out（吹灭（火焰等））；bring out（使显现；拿出（某物））；hang out（闲逛）；go out（出去）；find out（查明）；sell out（卖光）；set out（出发） on get on（上车）；keep on（继续）；try on（试穿）；have sth. on（穿着……）；put on（穿上；增加（体重）；上演）；turn on（打开）；work on（从事……；致力于做……）；depend on（依靠；取决于）；fall on（（节日的）日期是（几号））；agree on（（就某事）达成一致）；hold on（（打电话时）等一等） of hear of（听说）；think of（认为；想出；想到）；dream of（梦想……）；run out of（用光）；die of（死于（……原因））；take care of（照顾；照料；处理）；get out of（离开；下车（小型交通工具））（反义词组为get into）；be in control of（控制；掌管；负责）；be made of（由……制成（能看出原材料））；remind sb. of（提醒某人……）；think highly of（高度评价） to/into listen to（听）；belong to（属于）；get to（到达）；walk into（走进；走路时撞着）；divide… into（把……分成……）；look up to（尊敬；仰慕）；bring good luck to（给……带来好运）；shout to（对……大喊）；get into（进入；陷入）；turn into（变成；转变为）；talk to（与……谈话）；pay attention to（注意）；be/become/get used to（习惯……）；look forward to（盼望；期待）；prefer… to…（和……相比更喜欢……）；write to（给……写信）；make a difference to（对……产生影响）；stick to（坚持）；lead to（导致） as work as（担任……）；see/treat/consider/regard … as…（把……视为……） with agree with（同意）；help with（在某方面帮助）；catch up with（赶上）；fill sth. with（用……装满……）；cover sth. with（用……覆盖……）；come up with（想出）；get along/on with（与……和睦相处） ；keep in touch with sb.（和某人保持联系）；part with（交出；放弃（不舍的东西））；argue with（与……争论）；connect… with…（把……和……联系在一起）；deal with（处理）；be born with（天生具有……）；be friends with sb.（与某人成为朋友）；to start with（首先；起初）；have to do with（与……有关；和……有联系） through look through（快速查看；浏览）；get through （度过；通过；到达；做完） 易错点提示 1. “动词+介词”型短语：宾语一律放在介词后面。例：He saw a bus and quickly got on it.（不能说成get it on） 2. “动词+副词”型短语：代词作宾语时必须放在动词与副词之间。例：I saw a pen on the ground and picked it up. 一、单项选择 1．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）1 ________ some places of interest in Yunnan on the Internet yesterday, because I want to spend my summer vacation there. A．took up B．looked up C．set up D．thought up 2．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）—You look so happy today! —My suggestion to have a party ________ by my class yesterday. A．accepts B．is accepted C．accepted D．was accepted 3．（2025·安徽黄山·二模）—We are going on a hiking trip next week. What should we ________ first? —Check the weather report. It helps us dress properly. A．take up B．give up C．look up D．clear up 4．（2025·全国·模拟预测）To live a green life, we should ________ the lights when we leave a room. A．turn off B．turn down C．turn on D．turn up 5.（2025·安徽宣城·二模）—Miss Young _____ swimming at the age of 4 and she has been swimming for 16 years. —That’s why she swims so freely. A．turned on B．took up C．dropped by D．gave up 6．（2025·全国·模拟预测）“No pains, no gains.” Our future ________ how hard we work every day. A．turns on B．insists on C．operates on D．depends on 7．（2025·全国·模拟预测）They did all they could, but the result did not ________ to be as good as they expected. A．run out B．find out C．turn out D．break out 8．（2026·安徽亳州·一模）When the teacher warned him not to play video games often, he ________ and made the situation worse. A．took back B．turned back C．gave back D．talked back 9．（2025·江苏镇江·中考真题）I want to be a doctor like my parents. They really ________ their patients. A．hear about B．talk about C．care about D．dream about 10．（2025·西藏·中考真题）China’s high-speed trains are fast and can ________ most of the cities. A．get up B．get to C．get off D．get out 11．（2025·甘肃平凉·一模）Don’t eat too much, or you’ll ________ weight. A．put away B．put on C．put off D．put up 三、完成句子 12. (2024重庆B卷) They arrived at the factory early on Monday morning.（改为同义句） They _______ _______ the factory early on Monday morning. 13. (2024重庆B卷) 我们应该学会照顾自己。（完成译句） We should learn to _______ _______ _______ ourselves. 14. (2023重庆A卷) Panda Ya Ya returned to China on April 27, 2023.（改为同义句） Panda Ya Ya _______ _______ to China on April 27, 2023. 15. (2023重庆A卷) 加入社团是一个很好的交友方式。（完成译句） Joining a club is a good way to _______ _______. 16. (2023重庆B卷) 你可以在字典上查阅这个单词。（完成译句） You can _______ _______ the word in the dictionary. 17. (2022重庆A卷) 你长大后打算干什么？（完成译句） What are you going to be when you _______ _______? 18. (2022重庆B卷) 学生不应该熬夜，因为他们需要充足的睡眠。（完成译句） Students should not _______ _______ because they need enough sleep. 19. (2021重庆A卷) 天冷时，请穿上暖和的衣服。（完成译句） Please _______ _______ warm clothes when it’s cold. 20. (2021重庆B卷) What time did you arrive at the railway station last night?（改为同义句） What time did you _______ _______ the railway station last night? 21. (2021重庆B卷) 离开房间时，请记得关灯。（完成译句） Please remember to _______ _______ the lights when you leave the room. 22．（2025·重庆沙坪坝·二模）等待花开，好事慢成。(完成译句) flowers to come out because good things take time to grow. 23．（2023·重庆·一模）2024 Summer Olympic Games will be held in Paris, France. （同义句转换） 2024 Summer Olympic Games will in Paris, France. 一、完成句子 1. The host has short curly hair.（改为否定句） The host _______ _______ short curly hair. 2. The postman dealt with those letters last night.（改为否定句） The postman _______ _______ with those letters last night. 3. Helen learns Chinese by having conversations with her friends.（对划线部分提问） _______ _______ Helen learn Chinese? 4. The hair band must be Meimei’s.（改为同义句） The hair band must _______ _______ Meimei. 5. I like Saturday better than Sunday.（改为同义句） I _______ Saturday _______ Sunday. 6. 一旦你确定了目标，你就得持之以恒直到实现它。（完成译句） Once you set up the goal, you must _______ _______ it until you achieve it. 7. 我最好的朋友帮我激发出我最好的一面。（完成译句） My best friend helps to _______ _______ the best in me. 8. Tom 感觉被忽略了，因为同学们都不跟他说话。（完成译句） Tom felt _______ _______ because his classmates didn’t talk with him. 9. 美国人几乎无法避免购买中国制造的产品。（完成译句） Americans can hardly _______ _______ products made in China. 10. 让我开心的是，他已经在他的学习方面取得了非常大的进步。（完成译句） To my joy, he has _______ great _______ in his study. 11. 他担心他在英语演讲比赛中失败。（完成译句） He is worried about _______ _______ the English Speaking Competition. 12. 在上学日，我们应该让学生远离智能手机。（完成译句） On schooldays, we should _______ students away _______ smartphones. 13. 对我们而言，学会如何应对困境很重要。（完成译句） It’s important for us to learn how to _______ _______ difficult situations. 14. 我们经常对比自己的表现和过去的成绩来衡量进步。（完成译句） We often _______ our performance _______ past results to check progress. 15. 当你遇到新单词时，你可以查字典。（完成译句） When you meet new words, you can _______ them _______. 16. 在你吹灭蜡烛前记得要许愿。（完成译句） Remember to make a wish before you _______ _______ the candles. 17. myself, I, pride, take, in (连词成句) . 二、语法选择 （2025 重庆八中）How time flies! My junior high school life will end. It is sad for me to separate from my classmates. I have so many sweet memories with 1 . I remember on the first day of school in Grade Eight, all of us students 2 an English exam to test our language level. We were required to speak only English all summer. I tried many ways to communicate 3 English. I even watched many English movies. Though I couldn’t fully understand 4 the characters said in the beginning, the whole experience was exciting and unforgettable. To practice English more, my classmates and I decided to take 5 trip to Singapore. One of the most interesting parts of our trip was a visit to an old street. I walked along the stone streets, took 6 of the traditional-styled buildings, and learned some stories with my classmates. At the end of the summer, I could speak English confidently and of course I did very 7 in the coming exam. 8 English in an English-speaking environment was a valuable learning experience. And it could be the reason why my English 9 a lot since then. Whenever I recall those past three years, I am always very excited. However, there will be many tasks and many challenges waiting for us in the future and I believe we 10 manage them successfully as long as we work hard. 1. A. themselves B. them C. they 2. A. gave B. were giving C. were given 3. A. in B. with C. for 4. A. that B. how C. what 5. A. a B. the C. an 6. A. pictures B. pictures’ C. picture 7. A. better B. good C. well 8. A. Learn B. Learning C. Learned 9. A. improved B. improves C. has improved 10. A. must B. can C. need 三、概要补全 阅读文章，用恰当的短语或句子补全概要。补全部分总词数不超过30词，不能照抄原文连续超过3个词。 One of my favorite great books is The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, by Mark Twain. The book is set in the town of St. Petersburg, Missouri, in the US, in the nineteenth century. Filled with exciting adventure stories, the book describes the main character, Tom Sawyer. Tom lives with his aunt Polly. He does not like people telling him what to do, so he always gets into trouble. He and his best friend, Huck Finn, run away to an island in the middle of the Mississippi River. A bad man named Injun Joe is looking for him, so Tom has more trouble. Later, Tom escapes from a cave with another friend, Becky. He also finds Injun Joe’s treasure box and takes it away. Which part do I like best? It is when Tom and Huck start their adventures on the island in the Mississippi River. At first, they are happy. But when they hear that everyone thinks they are dead, they feel very sorry, so they come back home. They hide and watch for a time when they see their family and neighbors coming to their funeral (葬礼) in the church. Tom and Huck suddenly appear. Although people can’t believe their eyes and say, “Oh my god, you are still alive!”, they cry with joy and hug Tom and Huck warmly and happily. Today, the book is still popular and loved by people all over the world, and it is thought to be one of the greatest American stories. Why? Because it is more than an adventure story. It teaches young people a lot. First, friendship is important. For example, Tom works together with Huck and Becky through adventures. Second, he is brave enough to do right things when saving his friend Muff. Third, it shows how bad people pay for their actions. These lessons are truly important as young people grow up. The book review of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer includes the main content (内容) of the book, the writer’s favorite part of the book and 1 . The book talks about 2 . He runs away to an island because of some trouble. Later, Tom escapes from a cave and finds treasure. One exciting part is that after people hear the death of Tom and Huck and hold a funeral for them, they return home and appear. People are 3 to find they’re alive. The book is more than an adventure story. From it, young people can 4 . As a result, it is still popular with people today. 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 动词和动词短语 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 2 03 考点通关·靶向突破 3 ★ 考点一 实义动词 3 ★ 考点二 系动词 11 ★ 考点三 助动词 16 ★ 考点四 情态动词 18 ★ 考点五 动词短语 24 04 优题精选·练能提分 32 名词 课程分析 考情剖析 重庆中考动词与动词短语必考点全覆盖，单选/语法填空考形式，完形/阅读考语境，写作考准确运用；命题坚持语境化+综合化，解题关键是“先抓标志、再判结构、最后看逻辑”，用口诀和步骤稳拿分。 命题预测 1. 整体趋势：坚持语境化+综合化，不考孤立规则，结合校园/环保/科技等场景，强调“语法正确+语义通顺”。 2. 考点预测 ①动词：时态聚焦一般过去/现在完成/过去进行；情态动词考推测（must/may/might/can't）。 ②动词短语：高频短语（give up、look forward to、pay attention to等）必出，新增熟词生义（如go表变质、run表变得）。 ③题型：语法填空加语境化词形转换（原形→三单/过去式/分词）；完形强化动词短语与上下文逻辑；写作要求准确运用3-5个核心短语。 3. 创新点：阅读长难句嵌入非谓语作定/状；书面表达将短语搭配设为得分点（如make a decision、take measures）。 解题锦囊 一、解题步骤 抓题干核心语境，圈出关键词；排除明显不符的短语；代入验证，看语义是否通顺：短语的含义必须贴合上下文的动作逻辑，不能只看单个词。 二、备考建议 1. 建“动词错题本”：按“时态/非谓语/短语”分类，标注错因与口诀； 2. 每天10题真题：单选+完形，专攻动词/短语，强化语境判断； 3. 短语“句中记”：每个高频短语配1个中考级例句，避免死记硬背。 考点一 实义动词 1. 第三人称单数 (1) 一般情况下在动词原形后加-s。如：runs、walks、eats、drinks (2) 以s、x、ch、sh以及o结尾的动词，一般在词尾加-es。如：teach — teaches；wash — washes；go — goes；do — does；pass — passes；relax — relaxes (3) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将y变为i再加-es。如：try — tries；study — studies 注：以“元音字母+y”结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-s。如：play — plays；stay — stays 2. 现在分词 (1) 一般情况下在动词原形后加-ing。如：going、doing、studying (2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ing。如：live — living；write — writing (3) 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写该辅音字母再加-ing。如：sit — sitting；begin — beginning (4) 少数几个以ie结尾的动词变ie为y，再加-ing。如：die — dying；lie — lying 3. 过去式与过去分词 (1) 规则变化： ① 一般情况下在动词原形后加-ed。如：looked、walked、watched ② 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，先将y变为i，再加-ed。如：carry — carried；study — studied ③ 以e结尾的动词，直接加-d。如：live — lived；achieve — achieved ④ 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写该辅音字母再加-ed。如：stop — stopped；plan — planned (2) 不规则变化： 1. AAA（过去式、过去分词与原形完全相同） cost→cost→cost；cut→cut→cut；hit→hit→hit；hurt→hurt→hurt；let→let→let；put→put→put；read→read→read；set→set→set 2. AAB（过去式与原形相同） beat→beat→beaten 3. ABA（过去分词与原形相同） become→became→become；come→came→come；run→ran→run 4. ABB（过去式与过去分词相同） (1) 加d，t或ed：hear→heard→heard；mean→meant→meant (2) d→t：build→built→built；lend→lent→lent；send→sent→sent；spend→spent→spent (3) 原形→ought→ought：bring→brought→brought；buy→bought→bought；fight→fought→fought；think→thought→thought (4) 原形→aught→aught：catch→caught→caught；teach→taught→taught (5) 变其中的元音字母：dig→dug→dug；feed→fed→fed；find→found→found；get→got→got (gotten)；hang→hung→hung；hold→held→held；meet→met→met；sit→sat→sat；shine→shone→shone；stick→stuck→stuck；win→won→won (6) 原形→lt/pt/ft→lt/pt/ft：feel→felt→felt；keep→kept→kept；leave→left→left；sleep→slept→slept；deal→dealt→dealt (7) 过去式、过去分词有两种形式：dream→dreamed/dreamt→dreamed/dreamt；learn→learned/learnt→learned/learnt；light→lighted/lit→lighted/lit；smell→smelled/smelt→smelled/smelt；speed→speeded/sped→speeded/sped；spell→spelled/spelt→spelled/spelt (8) 其他：have(has)→had→had；lay→laid→laid；lose→lost→lost；make→made→made；pay→paid→paid；say→said→said；sell→sold→sold；stand→stood→stood；tell→told→told；understand→understood→understood 5. ABC（原形、过去式、过去分词三者均不相同） (1) 原形→过去式→原形+(e)n：blow→blew→blown；draw→drew→drawn；drive→drove→driven；eat→ate→eaten；fall→fell→fallen；give→gave→given；grow→grew→grown；know→knew→known；mistake→mistook→mistaken；rise→rose→risen；see→saw→seen；take→took→taken；throw→threw→thrown；show→showed→shown；wake→woke→woken 注意：ride→rode→ridden（骑）；write→wrote→written（写作；写字） (2) 原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n：break→broke→broken；choose→chose→chosen；speak→spoke→spoken；steal→stole→stolen 注意：get→got→gotten (got)；forget→forgot→forgotten (3) i→a→u：begin→began→begun；drink→drank→drunk；ring→rang→rung；sing→sang→sung；swim→swam→swum (4) 其他：be(am, is, are)→was, were→been；do(does)→did→done；fly→flew→flown；go→went→gone；lie→lay→lain；wear→wore→worn 【注】情态动词只有过去式，没有过去分词： can—could；may—might；shall—should；will—would 一、单项选择 1．（2024·重庆·期中）—Can I ________ the chess club?—Of course. Thanks for ________ us. A．join in; joining B．join; joining C．join; joining in D．join in; join 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我能加入象棋俱乐部吗？——当然。谢谢你加入我们。 考查动词的用法。join是指加入某个团队、俱乐部或者组织或者其他的团体或者协会，强调“个人加入到集体中”；join in是指参与到某个活动中。第一个空根据“the chess club”可知，加入俱乐部应为join；第二个空表达加入我们，空前有介词for，应用joining。故选B。 2．（2021·重庆九龙坡·二模）The spacecraft “Tianwen 1” successfully ________ Mars (火星) in February this year, and I really hope that I can walk on that red planet one day. A．got B．arrived C．reached D．saved 【答案】C 【详解】句意：今年2月，“天问1号”飞船成功抵达火星，我真的希望有一天我能在那颗红色的星球上行走。 考查动词辨析。got得到；arrived到达，不及物动词；reached到达，及物动词；save节省。根据“The spacecraft “Tianwen 1” successfully … Mars (火星) in February this year”可知，此处指到达火星，且此空后直接接宾语，应填及物动词，故选C。 3．（2025·山东东营·中考真题）“Tom, stop it! Don’t let your phone ________ our family time!” Dad warned at dinner. A．hide B．save C．steal D．borrow 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“汤姆，住手！别让你的手机占用我们的家庭时光！”爸爸在晚饭时警告道。 考查动词辨析。hide隐藏；save节省；steal偷窃；borrow借。根据“Don’t let your phone…our family time”可知，此处指手机占用家庭相处的时间，steal可引申为“占用”，故选C。 4．（2023·四川广元·中考真题）—Tina, when did you come to Guangyuan? —Oh, many years ago. I ________ here since I was five. A．have gone B．have been C．was D．am 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——蒂娜，你什么时候来的广元？——哦，很多年前了。我从五岁起就一直在这里。 考查动词时态。根据“since”可知句子应用现在完成时；have gone to去了某地，还未回来；have been in待在某地。根据“here since I was five.”可知此处表示一直待在那里，用have been in，空后是地点副词here，省略介词in。故选B。 5．（2025·江苏镇江·中考真题）Our English teacher isn’t in the office now. She ________ the library. A．goes to B．has gone to C．will go to D．was going to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师现在不在办公室。她去图书馆了。 考查动词时态。根据“Our English teacher isn’t in the office now”可知，“去图书馆”的动作发生在过去，且对现在造成了“不在办公室”的影响，需用现在完成时；“has gone to” 符合“去了未回”的语境。故选B。 6．（2025·西藏·中考真题）Our teacher advises us ________ ourselves in the sunshine. A．enjoy B．to enjoy C．enjoyed D．enjoying 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们的老师建议我们在阳光下享受（美好时光）。“advise sb. to do sth.”是固定用法，意为“建议某人做某事”，根据“Our teacher advises us...ourselves in the sunshine.”可知，此处用动词不定式作宾语补足语，故选B。 7．（2025·西藏·中考真题）It often ________ me 50 minutes to finish this kind of paper cutting. A．takes B．costs C．pays D．spends 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我经常花50分钟来完成这种剪纸。考查动词辨析。takes花费，常用于it固定句型；costs花费，物作主语；pays支付，人作主语；spends花费，人作主语。该句考查“It takes sb (time) to do sth”是固定句型，表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”。故选A。 8．（2025·江苏淮安·中考真题）—What will you do tomorrow? —I ________ the museum to learn about the local history. A．visit B．visited C．will visit D．are visiting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你明天要做什么？——我要去参观博物馆来了解当地的历史。 考查动词时态辨析。根据问句中的时间状语“tomorrow”可知，答句应使用一般将来时，故选C。 9．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）—That sounds interesting! May I ask ________ to see the changes? —Well, it depends. Some people take a while, and some others take forever. A．how much will it cost B．how long will it take C．how much it will cost D．how long it will take 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——听起来很有趣！请问需要多长时间才能看到变化？——嗯，这要看情况。有些人需要一段时间，有些人则需要一辈子。how much多少钱；how long多长时间。根据“Some people take a while, and some others take for ever.”可知，此处询问花费时间的长短，用how long引导宾语从句，且宾语从句需要用陈述语序。故选D。 10．（2025·江西抚州·模拟预测）The film Zootopia 2 ________ very popular since it was first shown on Nov. 26th. A．became B．has become C．was becoming D．become 【答案】B 【详解】句意：电影《疯狂动物城2》自11月26日首映以来，一直非常受欢迎。 考查现在完成时态。根据“since”这一标志词可知，“since+一般过去时的从句”通常与现在完成时 (have/has+过去分词) 连用，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在。故选B。 二、用所给单词的提示填空 11．（2024·重庆渝中·模拟预测）The boy r wasting a large number of time on computer games after the exam results were given out. 【答案】regretted 【详解】句意：考试成绩公布后，男孩后悔浪费了大量时间在电脑游戏上。根据“wasting a large number of time on computer games after the exam results were given out”可知知道自己的成绩后，后悔浪费时间玩游戏，regret“后悔”，由语境可知，句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填regretted。 12．（2023·重庆渝中·模拟预测）She becomes shy and she is not the one she used to be, so she doesn’t get used to in public. (praise) 【答案】being praised 【详解】句意：她变得害羞，她不是以前的她，所以她不习惯在公共场合受到表扬。praise“表扬”。根据“She becomes shy and she is not the one she used to be”和“get used to”可知，现在她不习惯被表扬，get used to doing“习惯做某事”，此处又表示被动，故要用动名词的被动形式，即being praised。故填being praised。 13．（2022·重庆渝中·模拟预测）Hearing the bad news, she rushed out, leaving the book on the floor and disappeared from view. (lie) 【答案】lying 【详解】句意：听到这个坏消息，她冲出去，把书丢在地板上，消失在视线之外。lie“躺，位于”，动词。the book和lie之间是主动关系，应用lie的现在分词充当宾语补足语，故填lying。 14．（2025·西藏·中考真题）So far, China (turn) parts of deserts into forests. 【答案】has turned 【详解】句意：到目前为止，中国已经将部分沙漠变成了森林。根据“So far”可知，该句是现在完成时，其结构为“have/has done”，主语是China，助动词填has，动词改为过去分词turned。故填has turned。 15．（2025·重庆渝中·一模）We need to d this topic further before making a decision. 【答案】(d)iscuss 【详解】句意：在做决定之前，我们需要进一步讨论这个话题。根据首字母“d”及“topic”可推测，此处表示“讨论”，对应的动词为“discuss”。“need to do sth.”结构中，to后接动词原形，故填(d)iscuss。 16．（2025·重庆渝中·一模）She sticks to (practice) the piano for two hours every day, so her skills have improved a lot. 【答案】practicing 【详解】句意：她坚持每天练习钢琴两小时，所以她的技巧已经提升了很多。根据“stick to doing sth. (坚持做某事)”的固定搭配可知，to为介词，其后需接动名词形式。“practice”的动名词形式为“practicing”，意为“练习”。故填practicing。 17．（2025·重庆渝中·一模）Your words r me of the old saying “Practice makes perfect”. 【答案】(r)emind 【详解】句意：你的话让我想起了那句老话“熟能生巧”。根据“Your words…me of the old saying ‘Practice makes perfect’.”以及首字母提示可知，此处表示“使某人想起”，remind“提醒；使想起”，动词；句子时态为一般现在时，主语“Your words”是复数，谓语动词用原形。故填(r)emind。 18．（2025·重庆渝中·一模）Unfortunately, she (break) a leg in a car accident and was sent to the hospital. 【答案】broke 【详解】句意：不幸的是，她在一场车祸中摔断了腿并被送往医院。根据“was sent”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，and连接两个并列谓语，此处应使用动词的过去式。“break”的过去式为“broke”，意为“打破，摔坏”。故填broke。 19．（2023·重庆九龙坡·一模）You are halfway to (solve) a problem just by talking to someone about it. 【答案】solving 【详解】句意：你只需要和别人谈谈就解决了问题一半了。be halfway to doing sth 表示“做事情的一部分或一半” ，此处的to是介词，后接动名词形式，故填solving。 20．（2023·重庆九龙坡·一模）By the end of last year, she (write) over 20 books. 【答案】had written 【详解】句意：到去年年末为止，她已经写了超过20本书。根据“By the end of last year”可知要用过去完成时had+过去分词。write“写”的过去分词为written。故填had written。 21．（2023·重庆九龙坡·一模）My grandmother was very sad because her hen which l one egg every day was killed by that big dog. 【答案】(l)aid 【详解】句意：我奶奶很伤心，因为她的每天产一个蛋的母鸡被那只大狗咬死了。根据“her hen which...one egg”可知是下蛋，lay“下蛋”，根据“was killed...”可知句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(l)aid。 22．（2022·重庆渝中·模拟预测）Though the space is for disabled people, he still sticks to p his car there. 【答案】(p)arking 【详解】句意：虽然车位是残疾人专用的，但他还是坚持把车停在那里。根据宾语his car和首字母p可知，此处表示停车，park“停车”，是动词，stick to doing sth“坚持做某事”，故填(p)arking。 三、完成句子 23．（2025·重庆沙坪坝·二模）Serena borrowed an umbrella from me yesterday. （改为同义句） I an umbrella Serena yesterday. 【答案】 lent to 【详解】句意：塞雷娜昨天向我借了一把伞。同义句可表达为“我昨天借了一把伞给塞雷娜”；borrow sth. from sb.“从某人那里借某物（表示借进来）”，其同义词组为lend sth. to sb.“把某物借给某人（表示借出去）”。结合“yesterday”可知，时态使用一般过去时，lend过去式为lent。故填lent；to。 24．（2025·重庆沙坪坝·二模）He has made some friends in the past three years. （改为否定句） He any friends in the past three years. 【答案】 hasn’t made 【详解】句意：在过去的三年里，他交了一些朋友。原句是现在完成时“has made”，变否定句时，在助动词“has”后加“not”，可缩写为“hasn’t”；同时，肯定句中的“some”在否定句中要变为“any”。故填hasn’t；made。 25．（2025·重庆·二模）Lily comes from a small village. (改为否定句) Lily from a small village 【答案】 doesn’t come 【详解】句意：莉莉来自一个小村庄。根据“comes”可知，是第三人称单数形式，改为否定句，需借助助动词doesn’t，comes还原为come。故填doesn’t；come。 26．（2025·重庆九龙坡·二模）Bob bought this book two weeks ago. （改为同义句） Bob this book for two weeks. 【答案】 has had 【详解】句意：Bob两周前买了这本书。句子可以转换为：Bob已经买了这本书两周了。因为转换后的句子是现在完成时，而且句子和时间段连用，所以不能再用短暂性动词buy，应用延续性动词have。主语是第三人称单数，助动词用has，have的过去分词是had。故填has；had。 27．（2025·重庆九龙坡·二模）因为天气炎热， 孩子们更喜欢在池子里游泳，而不是在户外跑步。 (完成译句) Because of the hot weather, children in the pool instead of running outdoors. 【答案】prefer swimming 【详解】swim“游泳”；prefer doing A instead of doing B“更喜欢做A而不喜欢做B”；句中时态为一般现在时，主语为复数，动词prefer使用原形。故填prefer；swimming。 28．（2025·重庆沙坪坝·一模）We didn’t get to the airport in time because of the heavy traffic.(改为同义句) The heavy traffic us getting to the airport in time. 【答案】 stopped from 【详解】句意：由于交通拥堵，我们没能及时赶到机场。改写的句子主语是“The heavy traffic”，空处可以用stop sb. from doing sth句型，表示“阻止某人做某事”，原句是一般过去时，空处stop用过去式stopped。故填stopped；from。 29．（2025·重庆九龙坡·二模）Three years has passed since he left his hometown.（同义句转换） He has from his hometown for three years. 【答案】 been away 【详解】句意：他离开家乡已经三年了。根据“for three years”可知，此句用现在完成时，谓语结构为have/has done，“left”的原形为leave，是短暂性动词，需转换为延续性短语“be away from”才能与“for+时间段”连用，be的过去分词为been。故填been；away。 30．（2025年重庆市四川外国语大学附属外国语学校中考二模英语试题）tomorrow, will, it, rain, wonder, they, whether (连词成句) . 【答案】They wonder whether it will rain tomorrow 【详解】根据所给标点可知应用陈述句的形式，分析所给单词，they作主句主语，wonder作主句谓语，whether引导宾语从句，it作从句主语，will rain作从句谓语，tomorrow作从句状语。故答案为：They wonder whether it will rain tomorrow“他们想知道明天是否会下雨”。 考点二 系动词 1. 系动词不能单独作谓语，需与表语（通常为形容词或名词）共同构成谓语，用于描述主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。 2. 常见的系动词主要分为三类： 状态类：如be、keep、seem等； 变化类：如become、turn、get、grow、go等； 感官类：如feel、sound、look、smell、taste等。 （此外，部分动词如prove在特定语境下也可归为系动词，意为“证明是”。） 3. 系动词没有被动语态。 一、单项选择 1．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）Runyang Bridge ________ in service in 2005 and it has developed the economy between Yangzhou and Zhenjiang. A．was B．is C．has been D．will be 【答案】A 【详解】句意：润扬大桥在2005年投入使用，并且它促进了扬州和镇江之间的经济发展。was一般过去时；is一般现在时；has been现在完成时；will be一般将来时。根据时间状语in 2005可知，此处描述润扬大桥在过去的某个时间开始服役，应使用一般过去时。故选A。 2．（2025·吉林长春·三模）After lots of practice, neither Susan nor I ______ afraid of giving a speech in public now. A．am B．is C．are D．be 【答案】A 【详解】句意：经过多次练习后，现在苏珊和我都不会害怕在公众场合演讲了。am是，用于主语为第一人称单数I时；is是，用于主语为第三人称单数时；are是，用于主语为复数或第二人称you时；be是动词原形。本句的主语是“neither Susan nor I”，根据“neither...nor...”连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，即与离谓语动词最近的主语保持一致，在本句中离谓语动词最近的主语是“I”，所以应用am。故选A。 3．（2025·云南·模拟预测）Li Hua and her classmates ________ good friends, and they often help each other. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】B 【详解】句意：李华和她的同学们是好朋友，他们经常互相帮助。 考查动词be的时态和主谓一致。主语“Li Hua and her classmates”是复数，且“often help each other”表示经常性的动作，故用一般现在时，be动词用are。故选B。 4．（2025·四川广元·模拟预测）—I always ______ when I has finished all my work. —So do I. It’s such a relief and makes all the effort worth it. A．look pleasant B．feel pleased C．sound pleasure D．feel pleasantly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——当我完成所有工作时，我总是感到高兴。——我也是。这真是一种解脱，让所有的努力都值得。look pleasant看起来愉快（主语通常为物）；feel pleased感到高兴（主语为人）；sound pleasure表达错误（pleasure为名词，不能作表语）；feel pleasantly表达错误，副词不能作表语。根据句意和语法规则，表示“感到高兴”应选用“feel pleased”。故选B。 5．（2025·安徽芜湖·三模）—Which coat do you prefer?—The black one. It ________ more comfortable. A．tastes B．smells C．feels D．sounds 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你更喜欢哪件外套？——黑色的那件。它摸起来更舒服。 考查感官动词辨析。tastes尝起来；smells闻起来；feels摸起来，感觉；sounds听起来。根据语境可知，此处是在描述外套摸起来的感觉，所以应该用feels。故选C。 6．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）My parents and I ________ going to visit the Shanghai Disneyland this summer holiday. A．is B．am C．are D．be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的父母和我打算这个暑假去上海迪士尼乐园。考查be动词。is是，主语为第三人称单数；am主语是第一人称单数；are主语是第二人称和其他人称复数；be原形。根据“My parents and I...going to”可知，主语是复数概念，此处be动词用are，构成be going to“打算”结构。故选C。 7．（2024·上海浦东新·模拟预测）The idea of eating in that big restaurant _______. A．tastes wonderful B．tastes wonderfully C．sounds wonderful D．sounds wonderfully 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在那家大餐厅吃饭的想法听起来很棒。    考查系动词辨析及用法。sound听起来；taste尝起来。系动词后接形容词作表语，所以B和D选项错误；根据“The idea”可知，想法是听起来极好的，故选C。 8．（2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题）—How about climbing Donghua Mountain this weekend? —Sounds great. Then a pair of comfortable sports shoes ________ necessary. A．is B．was C．are D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这周末去爬东华山怎么样？——听起来不错。那么一双舒适的运动鞋是必要的。 考查主谓一致和时态。根据“How about climbing Donghua Mountain this weekend”可知，此处需要用一般现在时表客观事实，排除BD；题干中“a pair of comfortable sports shoes”是单数主语（核心词是pair），需用单数谓语动词is。故选A。 9．（2023·湖北孝感·中考真题）—Daniel, try this strawberry cake. —It ________ delicious. I’d like to have some more. A．smells B．feels C．tastes D．looks 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Daniel，尝尝这个草莓蛋糕。——它尝起来很美味。我还想再吃一些。 考查感官动词辨析。smells闻起来；feels感觉；tastes尝起来；looks看起来。It指代上一句中的strawberry cake，结合delicious可知，草莓蛋糕尝起来美味，故选C。 10．（2023·重庆渝中·模拟预测）—I tried to make Kate _______ her school project carefully but I found it difficult. —Well, I saw you ________ that when I went past. A．did; do B．do; doing C．done; to do D．does; doing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我试图让凯特认真做她的学校项目，但我发现这很难。——嗯，我经过的时候看见你在做那件事。make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”，是固定搭配，所以第一空是do；see sb. doing“看见某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行；see sb do“看见某人做某事”，强调全过程。第二空根据“when I went past.”可知，是经过时看到对方正在做事情，因此是doing。故选B。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 11.（2025·甘肃兰州·二模）Using public chopsticks (be) necessary when eating with others. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：和别人一起吃饭时，使用公共筷子是必要的。句中的主语是单个动名词短语“Using public chopsticks”，句子叙述事实，用一般现在时，因此be动词用is。故填is。 12．（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）Products made in China (be) popular at home and abroad over the past few years. 【答案】have been 【详解】句意：在过去的几年里，中国制造的产品在国内外都很受欢迎。根据“Products made in China...popular at home and abroad over the past few years.”可知，句中“over the past few years”是现在完成时的时间标志词，现在完成时的结构是“have/has+过去分词”。主语“Products made in China”是复数，所以助动词用“have”，“be”的过去分词是“been”。故填have been。 13．（2022·江苏南京·中考真题）The teacher told us that the gravity on Mars (be) only about three-eighths of that on Earth. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：老师告诉我们，火星上的重力只有地球上重力的八分之三。句子含宾语从句，从句描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语“the gravity”是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。 三、完成句子。 14．（2025·重庆沙坪坝·一模）外面一个人都没有，这座城市当时感觉像一座孤城。（完成译句） With nobody outside, it a lonely city at that time. 【答案】 felt like 【详解】feel like“感觉像……”，动词短语；根据“at that time”可知，时态为一般过去时，第一空用feel的过去式felt。故填felt；like。 15.（2025·重庆期中·练习）他（孙悟空）是中国古典文学四大名著之一——《西游记》中的一个英雄。 He is a hero in the novel called Journey to the West, one of the four classic novels of Chinese literature. 【答案】 which is 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少非限制性定语从句的引导词及谓语，对“Journey to the West”进行补充说明。先行词为物，且从句为非限制性定语从句（有逗号隔开），应用which引导；which指代“Journey to the West”，在从句中作主语，谓语用is。故填which；is。 16．（2025·重庆九龙坡·二模）for,  better, a,  he,  working hard, future, is (连词成句) . 【答案】He is working hard for a better future 【详解】根据所给标点可知，本句为陈述句。分析单词，he作主语，句首首字母大写；is和“working hard”构成现在进行时作谓语；a better life作for的宾语，在句中作目的状语。故填He is working hard for a better future“他正在为更美好的未来而努力工作”。 考点三 助动词 助动词本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示否定、疑问及各种时态和语态。 助动词 用法 示例 be （am/is/are/was/were） “be + 过去分词”构成被动语态 It is made in China. “be + doing”构成进行时态 She is writing now. do (does/did) “do + not”构成否定句 I don't like oranges. do提到主语前构成疑问句 Do you like oranges? do+动词原形表强调 I do like oranges. have (has/had) “have + not”构成否定句 I haven't heard of him. 提到主语前构成疑问句 Have you heard of him? have+过去分词构成现在完成时态 I have finished my homework. 一、单项选择 1．（2025·全国·模拟预测）—What a heavy rain! When did it start? —It started at about seven this morning. I ________ the newspaper at home then. A．read B．will read C．have read D．was reading 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——好大的雨啊！什么时候开始的？——今天早上七点左右开始的。那时我正在家里看报纸。根据对话内容可知，第一个说话者询问雨是什么时候开始的，第二个说话者回答雨是今天早上七点左右开始的，并且说明“那时我正在家里看报纸”，这里的“那时”指的是雨开始下的时候，即过去某个具体的时间点，且强调当时正在进行的动作，所以应该用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+动词的现在分词”，主语为I，be动词用was，read的现在分词是reading，所以此处应填was reading。故选D。 2．（2025·甘肃平凉·二模）—What a day! I was fired by the boss and my son hurt himself in the PE lesson. —________, as the saying goes. I’m sorry to hear that. A．It never rains but it pours B．Every dog has its day C．Don’t burn the candle at both ends D．The early bird catches the worm 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——多么糟糕的一天啊！我被老板解雇了，而且我儿子在体育课上受伤了。——正如俗话所说，祸不单行。听到这个消息我很难过。It never rains but it pours祸不单行；Every dog has its day人人皆有得意时；Don’t burn the candle at both ends不要过度消耗精力；The early bird catches the worm早起的鸟儿有虫吃。根据“I was fired by the boss and my son hurt himself in the PE lesson.”可知，一天内发生两个不幸事件，此处应表示祸不单行。故选A。 3．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）In order to improve her English, my aunt took every chance to practice while she ________ abroad. A．works B．was working C．has worked D．will work 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了提高她的英语水平，我姑姑在国外工作期间抓住一切机会练习。 考查动词时态。根据“my aunt took every chance to practice while she...abroad.”可知，描述过去发生的事情，此处是while引导的时间状语从句，从句表示过去某个阶段正在发生的事情，用was/were doing的结构，主语是she，系动词用was。故选B。 2、 完成句子 4. (2024重庆A卷) She visited her grandparents last Sunday.（改为否定句） She _______ _______ her grandparents last Sunday. 【答案】didn’t visit 【详解】一般过去时的否定句需借助助动词didn’t，后面的实义动词还原为原形visit。 5. (2024重庆B卷) Kate likes eating vegetable salad.（改为否定句） Kate _______ _______ eating vegetable salad. 【答案】doesn’t like 【详解】一般现在时，主语Kate是第三人称单数，否定句用助动词doesn’t，实义动词like还原为原形。 6．（2025·重庆九龙坡·二模）Lily put on some weight during the Spring Festival. (改为否定句) Lily on any weight during the Spring Festival. 【答案】didn’t put 【详解】句意：春节期间，莉莉体重增加了一些。原句时态为一般过去时，put是实义动词，改为否定句，应借助助动词didn’t，其后接动词原形put。故填didn’t；put。 7．（2025·重庆沙坪坝·一模）Jenny does homework after dinner every day. (改为否定句) Jenny homework after dinner every day. 【答案】 doesn’t do 【详解】句意：简每天晚饭后做家庭作业。原句是一般现在时，do是实义动词，主语是第三人称单数，变为否定句时，需要用助动词doesn’t，后加动词原形do。故填doesn’t；do。 考点四 情态动词 一、情态动词的基本用法 【can 和 could】 1. can 表示现在的能力；could 表过去的能力；be able to 可用于多个时态，且表示经过一番努力获得的能力。 (1) When you were 8, could you swim?询问过去的能力用could。 (2) I can speak 3 kinds of language now.表示现在的能力用can。 (3) Yesterday, after a lot of practice, they were able to make dumplings themselves.表示过去经过努力获得的能力用were able to。 2. 表示“请求”或者“许可” could 比 can 更加委婉。 (1) —Could I speak to Mr. Smith, please?—Sorry, you B. can't. He is out. could表委婉请求，否定回答用can't（客观上不能）。 (2) —Could you please stay here until 12:00 pm?—Sorry, I B. can't. 同上，委婉请求的否定回答用can't。 (3) —Could you ride bikes when you were in primary school?—Yes, I B. could. 询问过去的能力，肯定回答用could。 【must】 1. must & have to 表示“必须”：have to 比较强调客观需要，用于更多时态，must 着重说明主观看法。 e.g. We must study hard.解析：此处表主观上“必须”学习，用must。 2. 针对“Must/Need I...?”的回答 —Must/Need I stay here?—Yes, you must. —No, you needn't/don't have to/don't need to. must的肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't或don't have to/don't need to。 【need 需要】 1. need 作为情态动词多用于否定和疑问句，其否定形式为 needn’t do。 2. need 也可做实义动词，搭配为 need to do；其否定形式为 don’t/doesn't...need to do。 3. need+doing=need to be done 某事需要被做 e.g. 他不用休息。He needn't have a rest. = He doesn't need to have a rest. 前一句need是情态动词，后一句need是实义动词，主语he是第三人称单数，否定用doesn't need to。 【should 应该】 1. should do 和 be supposed to do 的替换 (1) Teenagers should wear their own clothes. = Teenagers are supposed to wear their own clothes. should do与be supposed to do均表“应该做某事”，主语teenagers是复数，be动词用are。 (2) Should I apologize to him? = Am I supposed to apologize to him? 一般疑问句中将be动词提前，主语I对应的be动词是am。 二、情态动词表推测的用法 【must表推测】must 只用在肯定句中表推测，译为“一定” 1. This book must belong to Jim, for there is his name on it. must表肯定推测，“belong to”是固定短语，情态动词后接动词原形。 2. They must be family members, for they almost look the same. must后接be动词原形，表对现在状态的肯定推测。 【can表推测】can 表示“推测”，多用在否定和疑问句中，一般不用于肯定句 1. He can't be Mr. White, for I saw him go to the library just now. can't表否定推测“不可能”，后接be动词原形。 2. 这个事儿是真的吗？Can it be true? can用于疑问句表推测，置于句首，后接动词原形。 3. 他可能是做什么工作的呢？What can he do? can用于疑问句表推测，“做工作”用实义动词do。 【may 和 might 表推测】可以用在肯定、否定句表推测 1. Maybe he knows the answer. = He may know the answer. maybe是副词，may是情态动词，后接动词原形表“可能”。 2. Maybe he is from Britain. = He may be from Britain. may后接be动词原形，构成系表结构。 3. 他可能不知道这个事实。He may not know the truth. may的否定形式为may not，后接动词原形。 【could表推测】could 表示猜测可以用于肯定、否定和疑问句，比 can 表推测时可能性要小一些 1. 这个书包可能是海伦的。The schoolbag could be Helen’s. could表可能性较小的推测，后接be动词原形。 2. 关于这则新闻，他可能要说什么？What could he say about the news? could用于疑问句表推测，后接动词原形say。 3. 这次我不大可能会参加这个会议。I couldn't attend the meeting this time. couldn't表“不大可能”，后接动词原形attend。 三、情态动词不同情况的推测 【一】对现在正在发生的动作的推测 1. 这么晚了，他不可能还在学习。It’s too late. He can't be studying. 对现在进行时的否定推测用“can't be + 现在分词”。 2. 他们有可能正在看电影。They may be watching the movies. 对现在进行时的肯定推测用“may be + 现在分词”。 3. Gina 可能正在做什么呢？What may Gina be doing? 疑问句中对现在进行时的推测用“may + 主语 + be + 现在分词”。 【二】对已经发生事情的推测 sb must/may have done sth... 1. 他昨晚一定已经做完了作业。He must have finished his homework yesterday evening. must have done表对过去事情的肯定推测。 2. 昨天当我到达操场时，他可能已经离开了。He may have left when I arrived at the playground yesterday. may have done表对过去事情的可能性推测。 一、单项选择 1．（2023·四川广元·中考真题）—Look! Linda is over there. —It ________ be her. She has gone to Shanghai for an English speech competition. A．must B．mustn’t C．can’t D．can 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——看！琳达在那边。——不可能是她。她去上海参加英语演讲比赛了。 考查情态动词表示推测的用法。must一定；mustn’t禁止；can’t不可能；can可以。根据“She has gone to Shanghai for an English speech competition.”可知琳达已去上海，故此处表示否定推测，用can’t。故选C。 2．（2025·江苏镇江·中考真题）It is a rule that passengers ________ smoke in the high-speed railway. A．wouldn’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．couldn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：乘客禁止在高铁上吸烟是一条规定。 考查情态动词。wouldn’t不会；needn’t不必；mustn’t禁止；couldn’t不能。根据“It is a rule that…”（这是一项规定）可知，此处强调强制性的禁止，故选C。 3．（2025·西藏·中考真题）You ________ wear a helmet (头盔) when you ride an E-bike. A．have to B．has to C．can’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当你骑电动自行车时，你必须戴上头盔。考查动词辨析。have to必须；has to必须，三单形式；can’t不能；shouldn’t不应该。根据“wear a helmet (头盔) when you ride an E-bike”可知，此处应该说必须戴上头盔，主语是“You”，填have to。故选A。 4．（2025·甘肃平凉·一模）Excuse me. Read the text louder, please. I ________ hear you. A．can’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．can 【答案】A 【详解】句意：打扰了。请读大声一点。我听不见。考查情态动词。can’t不能；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必；can可以。根据“Read the text louder”可知是不能听清，所以让对方大声一点，用can’t。故选A。 5．（2025·安徽·模拟预测）—Using both sides of paper can save lots of wood every year. —________. Small actions can make a big difference. A．That’s all right B．I don’t think so C．It’s my pleasure D．I couldn’t agree more 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——使用纸的两面每年可以节省很多木材。——我再同意不过了。小小的行动可以产生很大的影响。That’s all right没关系；I don’t think so我不这么认为；It’s my pleasure这是我的荣幸；I couldn’t agree more我完全同意。根据“Small actions can make a big difference.”可知，这里强调小行动的重要性，表示同意对方的观点。D项符合语境。故选D。 6．（2025·安徽亳州·二模）—I’m going to give up learning the guitar. My fingers hurt so much. —Don’t lose heart. Keep practicing. There _________ be a good result if you stick to it. A．must B．mustn’t C．can D．can’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我要放弃学吉他了。我的手指很疼。——不要灰心。继续练习。如果你坚持，一定会有好结果。考查情态动词。must一定；mustn’t禁止；can可以；can’t不可能。根据“Don’t lose heart. Keep practicing. There…be a good result if you stick to it.”的语境可知，这里表示对未来的肯定推测，强调鼓励和确定性，must符合。故选A。 7．（2025·全国·模拟预测）—Can we still see this kind of rare trees in the mountain? —It is hard to say. There ________ be some on the top of it. A．will B．must C．may D．need 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们在山上还能看到这种稀有的树吗？——很难说。山顶上也许有一些。 考查情态动词辨析。will将要；must一定；may也许；need需要。根据“It is hard to say.”可知，很难说，所以山顶上也许有，表示不确定的推测用may。故选C。 8．（2023·重庆渝中·模拟预测）—Jack, I have cleaned the bedroom for you. —Thanks, Mom. You ________. I could manage it myself. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——杰克，我已经为你打扫了房间。——谢谢你，妈妈。你不需要这么做。我可以自己整理的。考查情态动词。can’t不可以；mustn’t禁止；needn’t不需要；shouldn’t不应该。根据“Thanks, Mom. You ... . I could manage it myself.”可知，此处指的是妈妈不需要帮助我打扫房间，说话人可以自己打扫。故选C。 9．（2023·重庆大渡口·一模）—Whose is the pencil box?—It ________ be Tom’s. Look at his name on the cover! A．can B．may C．need D．must 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——这个铅笔盒是谁的？——它一定是汤姆的。看盖子上有他的名字。 考查情态动词用法。can可以，能；may可能；need需要；must必须、一定。根据“Look at his name on the cover!”可知，盖子上有汤姆的名字，所以它一定是汤姆的。此处表达肯定的推测，因此must符合题意。故选D。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 10．（2022·重庆·一模）What people want cannot always (express) in money. 【答案】be expressed 【详解】句意：人们需要的东西并不总是用金钱来表达的。根据“What people want”和“express”可知，是被动关系，用其结构：be+过去分词；再者根据“cannot”可知，情态动词后接动词原形，因此be expressed符合句意，故填be expressed。 11．（2022·重庆·一模）My best friend Andy is such a talented boy that he has m three foreign languages in the past two years. 【答案】(m)astered 【详解】句意：我最好的朋友安迪是一个如此有天赋的男孩，以致于他在过去的两年里已经掌握了三门外语。根据“has”可知，此空应填入一个过去分词，与has构成现在完成时结构。根据“three foreign languages”及首字母可知，此处指他掌握了三门外语，master“掌握”，过去分词是mastered，故填(m)astered。 三、完成句子 12. (2025重庆中考) 面对困难，我们应该永不放弃。（完成译句） We should never _______ _______ in the face of difficulties. 【答案】give up 【详解】“放弃”的固定短语是give up，情态动词should后接动词原形。 13．（2025·重庆·二模）without, can’t, finish, my, work, I, help, your (连词成句) . 【答案】I can’t finish my work without your help 【详解】根据所给词汇以及标点可知，此句是否定句；I“我”，作主语；can’t finish“不能完成”，为谓语；my work“我的工作”，作宾语；without your help“没有你的帮助”。故填I can’t finish my work without your help“没有你的帮助，我无法完成我的工作”。 14．（2025·重庆沙坪坝·一模）teenagers, allowed, be, should, not, smoke, to (连词成句) . 【答案】Teenagers should not be allowed to smoke./Should teenagers not be allowed to smoke? 【详解】根据所给词可知，此句可以是陈述句也可以是一般疑问句；teenagers“青少年”，主语；should not“不应该”，后接动词原形；be allowed to do sth.“被允许做某事”；smoke“吸烟”；一般疑问句时，应将情态动词should放置句首；句首首字母应大写。故填Teenagers should not be allowed to smoke.“青少年不应该被允许吸烟。”/Should teenagers not be allowed to smoke?“青少年不应该被允许吸烟吗？” 考点五 动词短语 1. 常见相同动词类 动词 动词构成的短语 get get lost（迷路）；get dressed（穿衣服）；get used to (doing) sth.（习惯了（做）某事）；get in the way of（阻碍）；get on（上车，尤指大型交通工具）；get off（下车，尤指大型交通工具）；get over（克服）；get to（到达）；get up（起床）；get mad（生气）；get married（结婚）；get together（相聚）；get into（进入；被录取）；get back（回来；取回）；get ready for…（为……做好准备）；get along/on with（与……和睦相处） put put back（把……放回去）；put on（穿上；增加（体重）；上演）；put away（收起来）；put off（推迟）；put sth. to good use（好好利用某物）；put out（熄灭；扑灭）；put up（张贴；建造；搭建）；put down（放下；记下）；put… into…（把……放进……） look look over（检查身体）；look like（看起来像）；look after（照顾）；look out（当心）；look through（浏览）；look up to（尊重；仰慕）；look up（查阅；查找；抬头看）；look around（环顾四周）；look down upon（看不起）；look back at（回顾）；look the same（看起来一样）；look forward to…（期待；期盼……）；look at（看）；look for（寻找） come come down（下降）；come true（实现）；come up with（想出）；come on（加油）；come from（来自）；come out（出版；出现）；come in（进来） take take photos（照相）；take notes（记笔记）；take out（取出）；take up（占据；开始从事）；take it easy（从容；轻松）；take after（外表/行为像（长辈））；take pride in（为……感到自豪）；take care（保重；当心）；take turns（依次；轮流）；take off（起飞；脱下）；take exercise（做运动）；take one’s place（取代某人）；take place（发生；举办）；take part in（参加）；take away（拿走）；take one’s order（（服务员）记下某人的订单）；take… seriously（认真对待……；重视……）；take one’s temperature（给某人量体温）；take breaks/a break（休息）；take risks/a risk（冒险）；take out the rubbish（倒垃圾）；take care of（照顾；照料；处理）；take down（记下；拆除）；take in（欺骗；吸收）；take action（采取行动） turn turn on（打开）；turn to（转向；求助于）；turn out（生产；结果是）；turn up（出现；声音开大）；turn down（关小；调低；拒绝）；turn into（变成）；turn right/left（向右/左转）；turn off（关掉） have have a picnic（去野餐）；have to do with（与……有关）；have good luck（运气好）；have a good time（玩得开心）；have fun doing sth.（做某事很开心）；have trouble (in) doing sth.（做某事有困难）；have a point（有道理；说得对）；have sth. on（穿着……）；have… in common（在……方面有共同点） fall fall asleep（入睡）；fall off（从……掉下）；fall down（倒下；跌倒）；fall in love with（喜欢上；爱上）；fall behind（落后）；fall ill（生病）；fall over（绊倒） keep keep off（远离；使……处于关闭的状态）；keep on doing sth.（坚持做某事）；keep sb. from doing sth.（阻止某人做某事）；keep… to oneself（保守秘密）；keep away from（远离；避免接触）；keep one’s cool（保持冷静） pull pull down（捣毁，拆毁，摧毁（建筑物））；pull together（齐心协力；通力合作） make make a mess（弄乱；搞得一团糟）；make a soup（做汤；熬汤）；make up（编造）；make money（挣钱）；make a noise（吵闹）；make a living（谋生）；be made of/from（由……制成）；make a decision（做出决定）；make up one’s mind（下定决心）；make a difference to（对……产生影响）；make friends with（和……交朋友）；make the team（加入（球）队）；make one’s bed（整理床铺）；make an effort to do sth.（努力去做某事）；make one’s way to…（努力前往……）；make sb. feel at home（使（某人）感到宾至如归）；make sure（确保）；make faces（做鬼脸）；make it（成功做到）；make a wish（许愿） 2. 常见相同介词/副词类 介/副词 动词+介/副词 about be sure about（对……确信）；argue about（争论）；think about（考虑）；talk about（谈论） for prepare for（为……做准备）；pay for（支付某物；为某人付钱）；send for（派人去请某人）；go for…（为了……全力以赴）；leave for（前往某地）；care for（喜欢；照顾）；look for（寻找）；wait for（等候）；try out for…（参加……的选拔）；be thirsty for…（对……渴望；渴求）；be responsible for（对……负责；是……的原因）；be known for（因……而闻名）；fight for（为……而战）；ask for（请求）；stand for（代表）；search for（寻找） at aim at（瞄准；旨在于）；look at（看向）；laugh at（嘲笑）；knock at（敲（门、窗））；be surprised at（对……感到惊讶）；be good at（擅长……）；be disappointed at…（对某事感到失望）；arrive at（到达（小地点））；point at（指向）；shout at（冲……吼） off put off（推迟）；fall off（从……掉下）；turn off（关掉）；keep off（远离；使……处于关闭的状态）；clean off（把……擦掉）；set off（触发警报；启程）；go off（（闹钟）发出响声）；cut off（切掉；切断（水电供应））；get off（下车）；shut off（停止运转；关掉（电源、水、煤气等））；take off（起飞；脱下（衣物）；突然成功）；kick sb. off（把某人赶走；开除某人） from come from（来自）；hear from（收到……的来信、消息）；tell… from…（分辨……与……）；keep away from（远离；避免接触）；stay away from（远离）；across from（在……对面）；be different from（与……不同）；learn from sb./sth.（向……学习）；separate(…) from…（把……与……分开） up end up（结束）；give up（放弃）；make up（编造）；stay up（熬夜）；wake up（醒来）；grow up（长大成人）；clean up（打扫干净）；cheer up（使振作）；show/turn up（出现；露面）；take up（占据；开始从事）；dress up（盛装；装扮）；pick up（捡起；拿起（电话）；接人）；put up（张贴；搭建；建造）；send up（发射（卫星））；fix up（修理）；look up（查阅；抬头看）；set up（建立）；use up（用光）；cut up（切碎） out come out（出版；出现）；give/hand out（分发）；point out（指出）；run out（某物被用光）；work out（解决）；clear out（把……清理出来）；help out（帮助摆脱困境）；try out（试验；试用）；cut out（删除；裁剪；停止（做某事））；check out（察看、观察（有趣或有吸引力的人或事物））；lay out（铺开；摆开；展开）；leave out（遗漏；省去；不包括）；eat out（外出就餐）；blow out（吹灭（火焰等））；bring out（使显现；拿出（某物））；hang out（闲逛）；go out（出去）；find out（查明）；sell out（卖光）；set out（出发） on get on（上车）；keep on（继续）；try on（试穿）；have sth. on（穿着……）；put on（穿上；增加（体重）；上演）；turn on（打开）；work on（从事……；致力于做……）；depend on（依靠；取决于）；fall on（（节日的）日期是（几号））；agree on（（就某事）达成一致）；hold on（（打电话时）等一等） of hear of（听说）；think of（认为；想出；想到）；dream of（梦想……）；run out of（用光）；die of（死于（……原因））；take care of（照顾；照料；处理）；get out of（离开；下车（小型交通工具））（反义词组为get into）；be in control of（控制；掌管；负责）；be made of（由……制成（能看出原材料））；remind sb. of（提醒某人……）；think highly of（高度评价） to/into listen to（听）；belong to（属于）；get to（到达）；walk into（走进；走路时撞着）；divide… into（把……分成……）；look up to（尊敬；仰慕）；bring good luck to（给……带来好运）；shout to（对……大喊）；get into（进入；陷入）；turn into（变成；转变为）；talk to（与……谈话）；pay attention to（注意）；be/become/get used to（习惯……）；look forward to（盼望；期待）；prefer… to…（和……相比更喜欢……）；write to（给……写信）；make a difference to（对……产生影响）；stick to（坚持）；lead to（导致） as work as（担任……）；see/treat/consider/regard … as…（把……视为……） with agree with（同意）；help with（在某方面帮助）；catch up with（赶上）；fill sth. with（用……装满……）；cover sth. with（用……覆盖……）；come up with（想出）；get along/on with（与……和睦相处） ；keep in touch with sb.（和某人保持联系）；part with（交出；放弃（不舍的东西））；argue with（与……争论）；connect… with…（把……和……联系在一起）；deal with（处理）；be born with（天生具有……）；be friends with sb.（与某人成为朋友）；to start with（首先；起初）；have to do with（与……有关；和……有联系） through look through（快速查看；浏览）；get through （度过；通过；到达；做完） 易错点提示 1. “动词+介词”型短语：宾语一律放在介词后面。例：He saw a bus and quickly got on it.（不能说成get it on） 2. “动词+副词”型短语：代词作宾语时必须放在动词与副词之间。例：I saw a pen on the ground and picked it up. 一、单项选择 1．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）1 ________ some places of interest in Yunnan on the Internet yesterday, because I want to spend my summer vacation there. A．took up B．looked up C．set up D．thought up 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我昨天在网上查了一些云南的名胜古迹，因为我想在那里度过暑假。 考查动词短语辨析。took up开始从事；looked up查阅；set up设置；thought up想出。根据“I...some places of interest in Yunnan on the Internet yesterday”可知，此处指在网上查阅名胜古迹，故选B。 2．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）—You look so happy today! —My suggestion to have a party ________ by my class yesterday. A．accepts B．is accepted C．accepted D．was accepted 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你今天看起来很开心！——我举办聚会的建议昨天被班上同学接受了。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“by my class”可知句子应使用被动语态，其结构为“主语+be done (过去分词)+其他”，所以排除A、C；再根据时间状语“yesterday”可知，应是一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。 3．（2025·安徽黄山·二模）—We are going on a hiking trip next week. What should we ________ first? —Check the weather report. It helps us dress properly. A．take up B．give up C．look up D．clear up 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们下周要去徒步旅行。我们首先应该查看什么？——查看天气预报。它帮助我们穿着得体。 考查动词短语辨析。take up开始从事；give up放弃；look up查找；clear up清理”或“放晴”。根据答语“Check the weather report.”可知，此处表示“查找”信息。故选C。 4．（2025·全国·模拟预测）To live a green life, we should ________ the lights when we leave a room. A．turn off B．turn down C．turn on D．turn up 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了过绿色的生活，我们离开房间时应该关灯。 考查动词短语。turn off关闭；turn down调低；turn on打开；turn up调高。根据题干离开房间的情境可知，应关灯以节约能源。故选A。 5.（2025·安徽宣城·二模）—Miss Young _____ swimming at the age of 4 and she has been swimming for 16 years. —That’s why she swims so freely. A．turned on B．took up C．dropped by D．gave up 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——杨小姐在4岁时开始游泳，并且她已经游泳16年了。——这就是为什么她游得如此自如。考查动词短语辨析。turned on打开；took up开始从事；dropped by顺便拜访；gave up放弃。根据“swimming at the age of 4 and she has been swimming for 16 years.”可知是在4岁开始游泳，took up符合语境。故选B。 6．（2025·全国·模拟预测）“No pains, no gains.” Our future ________ how hard we work every day. A．turns on B．insists on C．operates on D．depends on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“没有付出，就没有收获。”我们的未来取决于我们每天有多努力。 考查动词短语辨析。turns on打开；insists on坚持；operates on对……起作用；depends on取决于。根据“Our future ... how hard we work every day.”可知，未来取决于每天的努力程度，故选D。 7．（2025·全国·模拟预测）They did all they could, but the result did not ________ to be as good as they expected. A．run out B．find out C．turn out D．break out 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他们尽了最大努力，但结果并不像他们预期的那么好。 考查动词短语辨析。run out用完；find out查明；turn out结果是；break out爆发。根据“the result did not...to be as good as they expected”可知，此处说的是结果不是他们预期的那么好，“turn out to be”意为“结果是”，符合语境。故选C。 8．（2026·安徽亳州·一模）When the teacher warned him not to play video games often, he ________ and made the situation worse. A．took back B．turned back C．gave back D．talked back 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当老师警告他不要经常玩电子游戏时，他顶嘴，使情况变得更糟。 考查动词短语辨析。took back收回；turned back转身；gave back归还；talked back顶嘴。根据“and made the situation worse”可知，情况变得更糟，说明他应该是和老师顶嘴了，所以此处应用talked back。故选D。 9．（2025·江苏镇江·中考真题）I want to be a doctor like my parents. They really ________ their patients. A．hear about B．talk about C．care about D．dream about 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我想成为像我父母一样的医生。他们真的很关心他们的病人。 考查动词短语辨析。hear about听说； talk about谈论；care about关心，照顾；dream about梦想。根据“doctor”（医生）和“patients”（病人）的职业关联，医生的核心态度是“照顾”病人，故选C。 10．（2025·西藏·中考真题）China’s high-speed trains are fast and can ________ most of the cities. A．get up B．get to C．get off D．get out 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国的高速列车速度很快，可以到达大多数城市。 考查动词短语。get up起床；get to到达；get off下车；get out出去。根据“China’s high-speed trains are fast and can...most of the cities”可知，高铁可以到达大多数城市。故选B。 11．（2025·甘肃平凉·一模）Don’t eat too much, or you’ll ________ weight. A．put away B．put on C．put off D．put up 【答案】B 【详解】句意：不要吃太多，否则你会增加体重。 考查动词短语辨析。put away收起来；put on增重；put off推迟；put up张贴。根据“Don’t eat too much, or you’ll...weight.”可知吃太多会导致体重增加，故选B。 三、完成句子 12. (2024重庆B卷) They arrived at the factory early on Monday morning.（改为同义句） They _______ _______ the factory early on Monday morning. 【答案】got to 【详解】arrive at+小地点与get to为同义表达，原句是一般过去时，故用got to。 13. (2024重庆B卷) 我们应该学会照顾自己。（完成译句） We should learn to _______ _______ _______ ourselves. 【答案】take care of 【详解】“照顾”的固定短语是take care of，learn to后接动词原形。 14. (2023重庆A卷) Panda Ya Ya returned to China on April 27, 2023.（改为同义句） Panda Ya Ya _______ _______ to China on April 27, 2023. 【答案】came back 【详解】return to与come back to为同义表达，原句是一般过去时，故用came back。 15. (2023重庆A卷) 加入社团是一个很好的交友方式。（完成译句） Joining a club is a good way to _______ _______. 【答案】make friends 【详解】“交友”的固定短语是make friends，a way to后接动词原形。 16. (2023重庆B卷) 你可以在字典上查阅这个单词。（完成译句） You can _______ _______ the word in the dictionary. 【答案】look up 【详解】“查阅（单词）”的固定短语是look up，情态动词can后接动词原形。 17. (2022重庆A卷) 你长大后打算干什么？（完成译句） What are you going to be when you _______ _______? 【答案】grow up 【详解】“长大”的固定短语是grow up，时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来，主语you后接动词原形。 18. (2022重庆B卷) 学生不应该熬夜，因为他们需要充足的睡眠。（完成译句） Students should not _______ _______ because they need enough sleep. 【答案】stay up 【详解】“熬夜”的固定短语是stay up，情态动词should not后接动词原形。 19. (2021重庆A卷) 天冷时，请穿上暖和的衣服。（完成译句） Please _______ _______ warm clothes when it’s cold. 【答案】put on 【详解】“穿上（强调动作）”的固定短语是put on，祈使句用动词原形开头。 20. (2021重庆B卷) What time did you arrive at the railway station last night?（改为同义句） What time did you _______ _______ the railway station last night? 【答案】get to 【详解】arrive at+小地点与get to为同义表达，助动词did后接动词原形。 21. (2021重庆B卷) 离开房间时，请记得关灯。（完成译句） Please remember to _______ _______ the lights when you leave the room. 【答案】turn off 【详解】“关灯”的固定短语是turn off，remember to后接动词原形。 22．（2025·重庆沙坪坝·二模）等待花开，好事慢成。(完成译句) flowers to come out because good things take time to grow. 【答案】Wait for 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，设空处可意为“等待”；wait for“等待”，该句为祈使句肯定形式，以动词原形开头，句首首字母大写。故填Wait；for。 23．（2023·重庆·一模）2024 Summer Olympic Games will be held in Paris, France. （同义句转换） 2024 Summer Olympic Games will in Paris, France. 【答案】 take place 【详解】句意：2024年夏季奥运会将在法国巴黎举行。“be held”表示“被举行”，被动语态，take place也表示“举行”，但是take place无被动语态，主动表被动，所以二者可以互换，will后跟动词原形，故填take；place。 一、完成句子 完成句子 1. The host has short curly hair.（改为否定句） The host _______ _______ short curly hair. 【答案】doesn’t have 【详解】一般现在时，主语The host是第三人称单数，否定句借助助动词doesn’t，实义动词has还原为have。 2. The postman dealt with those letters last night.（改为否定句） The postman _______ _______ with those letters last night. 【答案】didn’t deal 【详解】一般过去时的否定句借助助动词didn’t，实义动词dealt还原为deal。 3. Helen learns Chinese by having conversations with her friends.（对划线部分提问） _______ _______ Helen learn Chinese? 【答案】How does 【详解】对方式状语by having conversations提问用how，一般现在时主语Helen是第三人称单数，助动词用does。 4. The hair band must be Meimei’s.（改为同义句） The hair band must _______ _______ Meimei. 【答案】belong to 【详解】“must be sb.’s”与“must belong to sb.”为同义表达，情态动词后接动词原形。 5. I like Saturday better than Sunday.（改为同义句） I _______ Saturday _______ Sunday. 【答案】prefer; to 【详解】“like A better than B”与“prefer A to B”为同义表达，表“比起B更喜欢A”。 6. 一旦你确定了目标，你就得持之以恒直到实现它。（完成译句） Once you set up the goal, you must _______ _______ it until you achieve it. 【答案】stick to 【详解】“持之以恒”的固定短语是stick to，情态动词must后接动词原形。 7. 我最好的朋友帮我激发出我最好的一面。（完成译句） My best friend helps to _______ _______ the best in me. 【答案】bring out 【详解】“激发出最好的一面”的固定短语是bring out the best in sb.，help to后接动词原形。 8. Tom 感觉被忽略了，因为同学们都不跟他说话。（完成译句） Tom felt _______ _______ because his classmates didn’t talk with him. 【答案】left out 【详解】“感到被忽略”用feel left out，left out是过去分词表被动。 9. 美国人几乎无法避免购买中国制造的产品。（完成译句） Americans can hardly _______ _______ products made in China. 【答案】avoid buying 【详解】“避免做某事”用avoid doing sth.，情态动词can后接动词原形avoid。 10. 让我开心的是，他已经在他的学习方面取得了非常大的进步。（完成译句） To my joy, he has _______ great _______ in his study. 【答案】made; progress 【详解】“取得进步”的固定短语是make progress，现在完成时用has made。 11. 他担心他在英语演讲比赛中失败。（完成译句） He is worried about _______ _______ the English Speaking Competition. 【答案】failing in 【详解】“担心做某事”用be worried about doing sth.，“在比赛中失败”用fail in the competition。 12. 在上学日，我们应该让学生远离智能手机。（完成译句） On schooldays, we should _______ students away _______ smartphones. 【答案】keep; from 【详解】“让某人远离某物”的固定短语是keep sb. away from sth.，情态动词should后接动词原形。 13. 对我们而言，学会如何应对困境很重要。（完成译句） It’s important for us to learn how to _______ _______ difficult situations. 【答案】deal with 【详解】“应对困境”用deal with difficult situations，how to后接动词原形。 14. 我们经常对比自己的表现和过去的成绩来衡量进步。（完成译句） We often _______ our performance _______ past results to check progress. 【答案】compare; with 【详解】“把……和……对比”的固定短语是compare...with...，一般现在时主语We后接动词原形。 15. 当你遇到新单词时，你可以查字典。（完成译句） When you meet new words, you can _______ them _______. 【答案】look; up 【详解】“查阅（单词）”的固定短语是look up，代词them放中间，情态动词can后接动词原形。 16. 在你吹灭蜡烛前记得要许愿。（完成译句） Remember to make a wish before you _______ _______ the candles. 【答案】blow out 【详解】“吹灭”的固定短语是blow out，before引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时，主语you后接动词原形。 17. myself, I, pride, take, in (连词成句) . 【答案】I take pride in myself. 【详解】固定短语take pride in意为“为……感到自豪”，主语是I，反身代词用myself。 二、语法选择 （2025 重庆八中）How time flies! My junior high school life will end. It is sad for me to separate from my classmates. I have so many sweet memories with 1 . I remember on the first day of school in Grade Eight, all of us students 2 an English exam to test our language level. We were required to speak only English all summer. I tried many ways to communicate 3 English. I even watched many English movies. Though I couldn’t fully understand 4 the characters said in the beginning, the whole experience was exciting and unforgettable. To practice English more, my classmates and I decided to take 5 trip to Singapore. One of the most interesting parts of our trip was a visit to an old street. I walked along the stone streets, took 6 of the traditional-styled buildings, and learned some stories with my classmates. At the end of the summer, I could speak English confidently and of course I did very 7 in the coming exam. 8 English in an English-speaking environment was a valuable learning experience. And it could be the reason why my English 9 a lot since then. Whenever I recall those past three years, I am always very excited. However, there will be many tasks and many challenges waiting for us in the future and I believe we 10 manage them successfully as long as we work hard. 1. A. themselves B. them C. they 2. A. gave B. were giving C. were given 3. A. in B. with C. for 4. A. that B. how C. what 5. A. a B. the C. an 6. A. pictures B. pictures’ C. picture 7. A. better B. good C. well 8. A. Learn B. Learning C. Learned 9. A. improved B. improves C. has improved 10. A. must B. can C. need 【答案】1—5 BCACA 6—10 ACBCB 【详解】1. B，解析：介词with后接人称代词宾格，them指代classmates。 2. C，解析：students与give之间是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态were given。 3. A，解析：“用英语交流”的固定搭配是communicate in English。 4. C，解析：understand后接宾语从句，从句中said缺少宾语，用what引导。 5. A，解析：take a trip是固定短语，表“去旅行”，trip以辅音音素开头，用a。 6. A，解析：take pictures是固定短语，表“拍照”。 7. C，解析：修饰动词did用副词well，very后接副词原级。 8. B，解析：此处用动名词作主语，Learning English...表示“在英语环境中学习英语”。 9. C，解析：since then是现在完成时的标志，结构为have/has+过去分词，主语my English是单数，用has improved。 10. B，解析：表“能够成功应对挑战”用can，must表“必须”，need表“需要”，均不符合语境。 三、概要补全 阅读文章，用恰当的短语或句子补全概要。补全部分总词数不超过30词，不能照抄原文连续超过3个词。 One of my favorite great books is The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, by Mark Twain. The book is set in the town of St. Petersburg, Missouri, in the US, in the nineteenth century. Filled with exciting adventure stories, the book describes the main character, Tom Sawyer. Tom lives with his aunt Polly. He does not like people telling him what to do, so he always gets into trouble. He and his best friend, Huck Finn, run away to an island in the middle of the Mississippi River. A bad man named Injun Joe is looking for him, so Tom has more trouble. Later, Tom escapes from a cave with another friend, Becky. He also finds Injun Joe’s treasure box and takes it away. Which part do I like best? It is when Tom and Huck start their adventures on the island in the Mississippi River. At first, they are happy. But when they hear that everyone thinks they are dead, they feel very sorry, so they come back home. They hide and watch for a time when they see their family and neighbors coming to their funeral (葬礼) in the church. Tom and Huck suddenly appear. Although people can’t believe their eyes and say, “Oh my god, you are still alive!”, they cry with joy and hug Tom and Huck warmly and happily. Today, the book is still popular and loved by people all over the world, and it is thought to be one of the greatest American stories. Why? Because it is more than an adventure story. It teaches young people a lot. First, friendship is important. For example, Tom works together with Huck and Becky through adventures. Second, he is brave enough to do right things when saving his friend Muff. Third, it shows how bad people pay for their actions. These lessons are truly important as young people grow up. The book review of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer includes the main content (内容) of the book, the writer’s favorite part of the book and 1 . The book talks about 2 . He runs away to an island because of some trouble. Later, Tom escapes from a cave and finds treasure. One exciting part is that after people hear the death of Tom and Huck and hold a funeral for them, they return home and appear. People are 3 to find they’re alive. The book is more than an adventure story. From it, young people can 4 . As a result, it is still popular with people today. 【答案】1. the reasons for its popularity. 2. Tom Sawyer’s adventures. 3. surprised and happy.4. learn important lessons (about friendship and bravery). 【详解】1. the reasons for its popularity解析：书评包含书籍主要内容、作者最喜欢的部分以及它受欢迎的原因，对应原文“it is still popular and loved by people all over the world... Because it is more than an adventure story.”。 2. Tom Sawyer’s adventures.解析：书籍主要讲述Tom Sawyer的冒险经历，对应原文“the book describes the main character, Tom Sawyer... run away to an island... escapes from a cave”。 3. surprised and happy.解析：人们看到Tom和Huck还活着时又惊又喜，对应原文“people can’t believe their eyes... cry with joy”。 4. learn important lessons (about friendship and bravery),解析：年轻人能从书中学习到重要的道理（友谊、勇敢等），对应原文“It teaches young people a lot. First, friendship is important... Second, he is brave...”。 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $