Unit 1 Knowing me, knowing you（话题阅读精练）英语外研版必修第三册

Unit 1 Knowing me, knowing you 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 内容要求： 1.与单元主题相关的词汇积累等； 主题词汇积累 一、人际关系与情感状态 信任与背叛 trust those closest to us 信任我们最亲近的人 break/lose trust 破坏/失去信任 feel betrayed/let down 感到被背叛/辜负 尴尬与羞耻 in a (total) mess 处于（一团）糟/困境 feel awkward/embarrassed/ashamed 感到尴尬/窘迫/羞愧 愤怒与失望 let off steam 发泄怒火/释放压力 feel angry/disappointed with sb. 对某人感到愤怒/失望 raise one’s concerns 提出某人的关切 二、沟通与冲突处理 有效沟通 communicate with each other clearly 彼此清晰地沟通 direct and honest talk/chat 直接而坦诚的交谈 frank comments/opinions 坦诚的评价/意见 不当沟通 loose lips sink ships 祸从口出（谚语） speak/talk without thinking 说话不经过思考 repeat/gossip about what sb. said 重复/传播某人说的话 冲突解决 resolve conflicts/problems 解决冲突/问题 apologise to sb. 向某人道歉 work together as a team 作为团队一起合作 三、个人品行与责任 诚实与欺骗 tell a lie / tell the truth 说谎 / 说实话 practise to deceive 练习欺骗（开始行骗） (dishon)esty is an important value （不）诚实是重要的价值观 “白色谎言”及其动机 tell a white lie 说一个善意的谎言 protect others from the truth/bad news 保护他人免受真相/坏消息的伤害 give encouragement 给予鼓励 make others feel better 让别人感觉好受些 责任与反思 be (partly) sb.’s fault 是某人（部分）的错 think about one’s own behaviour 反思自己的行为 consider other people’s feelings 考虑他人的感受 pull one’s weight 尽自己的本分/尽责 四、行为结果与后果 导致问题 cause (all kinds of) trouble 引起（各种）麻烦 make the situation worse 使情况恶化 weave a tangled web 编织一张纠缠的网（比喻因欺骗陷入困境） 修复关系 repair/mend a friendship 修复友谊 move on (from a conflict) （从冲突中）继续前进/放下 have results we cannot know in advance 产生我们无法预知的结果 五、建议与策略 情绪管理 calm down 冷静下来 take a deep breath 深呼吸 行为准则 think first, speak later 三思而后言 approach sth. in a professional way 以专业的方式处理某事 share good/bad news 分享好/坏消息 hide the truth from sb. 对某人隐瞒真相 时文拓展阅读 As we assess the risks of AI, we are overlooking a crucial threat. Critics commonly highlight three primary hazards—job disruption, bias, and surveillance/privacy. We hear that AI will cause many people to lose their jobs, from dermatologists to truck drivers to marketers. We hear how AI turns historical correlations into predictions that enforce inequality, so that sentencing algorithms predict more recidivism for Black men than white ones. We hear that apps help authorities watch people, such as Amazon tracking which drivers look away from the road. What we are not talking about, however, is just as vital: What happens to human relationship when one side is mechanized? The conventional story of AI’s dangers is blinding us to its role in a cresting “depersonalization crisis.” If we are concerned about increasing loneliness and social fragmentation, then we should pay closer attention to the kind of human connections that we enable or impede. And those connections are being transformed by an influx of technology. As a researcher of the impact of technology on relationships, I spent five years observing and talking to more than 100 people employed in humane interpersonal work like counseling or teaching, as well as the engineers automating and administrators overseeing it. I found that the injection of technology into relationships renders that work invisible, makes workers have to prove they are not robots, and encourages firms to overload them, compressing their labor into ever smaller increments of time and space. Most importantly, no matter how good the AI, there is no human relationship when one half of the encounter is a machine. The solution that Big Tech offers to our depersonalization crisis is what they call personalization, as in personalized education or personalized health. These advances seek to counter the alienating invisibility of standardization, so that we are “seen” by machines. But what if it is important—for us and for our social fabric—not just to be seen, but to be seen by other people? AI is often sold as a way of “freeing up” humans for other, often more meaningful work. Yet connective labor is among the most profoundly meaningful work humans do, and technologists are nonetheless gunning for it. While humans are imperfect and judgmental to be sure, we also know that human attention and care are a source of purpose and dignity, the seeds of belongingness and bedrock of our communities; yet we tuck that knowledge away in service to an industry that contributes to our growing depersonalization. What is at risk is more than an individual or their job, it is our social cohesion—the connections that are a mutual achievement between and among humans. 【译文欣赏】 在评估人工智能风险时，我们忽视了一个关键威胁。批评者通常强调三大主要危害——就业冲击、偏见问题及监控/隐私侵犯。我们听闻AI将导致从皮肤科医生到卡车司机再到营销人员的大批失业；知晓AI如何将历史关联转化为强化不平等的预测，使得量刑算法预测黑人男性比白人男性更高的再犯率；也注意到应用程序如何协助当局监控民众，比如亚马逊追踪司机视线是否偏离路面。然而我们未曾讨论的问题同样至关重要：当人际关系中的一方被机械化时，会发生什么？ 传统AI威胁论正使我们对其在日益严重的"去人格化危机"中的作用视而不见。如果我们担忧日益加剧的孤独感与社会分裂，就更应密切关注技术对人类联结的促进或阻碍。这些联结正因技术洪流而发生质变。 作为研究技术对人际关系影响的学者，我耗时五年观察访谈了百余名从事心理咨询、教学等富有人情味工作的从业者，以及负责自动化开发的工程师和管理者。研究发现：技术介入使人际工作隐形化，迫使工作者自证非机器身份，促使企业压榨其劳动价值，将其工作压缩至愈发狭小的时空单元。最关键的是，无论AI多么先进，当交流对象是机器时，真实人际关系便不复存在。 科技巨头为去人格化危机开出的药方，是他们所谓的"个性化服务"，如个性化教育或个性化医疗。这些进步试图对抗标准化带来的疏离感，让我们被机器"看见"。但倘若对我们及社会结构而言，重要的不仅是被看见，更是被真实人类看见呢？ AI常被宣传为"解放人类"从事更具意义工作的手段。然而人际联结劳动本就是最具深层意义的人类工作，技术专家却仍对此虎视眈眈。尽管人类确有不完美与主观判断，但我们也深知：人类的关注与关怀是意义与尊严的源泉，是归属感的种子和社区根基。可我们却将这份认知束之高阁，服务于加剧去人格化的产业。风险远不止关乎个人或工作岗位，更是威胁着我们的社会凝聚力——那种唯有人类间相互成就的珍贵联结。 【词汇积累】 assess [əˈses] vt. 评估 overlook [ˌəʊvəˈlʊk] vt. 忽视 crucial [ˈkruːʃ(ə)l] adj. 关键的 hazard [ˈhæzəd] n. 危险 disruption [dɪsˈrʌpʃ(ə)n] n. 扰乱 bias [ˈbaɪəs] n. 偏见 surveillance [sɜːˈveɪləns] n. 监视 recidivism [rɪˈsɪdɪvɪzəm] n. 再犯 mechanized [ˈmekənaɪzd] adj. 机械化的 depersonalization [diːˌpɜːsənəlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 非人格化 fragmentation [ˌfræɡmenˈteɪʃ(ə)n] n. 分裂 influx [ˈɪnflʌks] n. 涌入 counseling [ˈkaʊns(ə)lɪŋ] n. 咨询 automating [ˈɔːtəmeɪtɪŋ] vt. 使自动化 invisible [ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l] adj. 无形的 personalization [ˌpɜːsənəlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 个性化 alienating [ˈeɪliəneɪtɪŋ] adj. 疏远的 cohesion [kəʊˈhiːʒ(ə)n] n. 凝聚力 【知识拓展】 ① 就业替代数据：世界经济论坛预测到2027年AI将替代8500万个岗位，同时创造9700万个新岗位，但要求劳动者掌握AI协作技能（如提示词工程）。麦肯锡研究显示客服、文书等重复性工作被替代风险超60%，而心理咨询师等情感密集型职业仅12%。 ② 算法偏见案例：2023年纽约法院禁用COMPAS再犯预测算法，因对黑人被告的误判率比白人高45%。亚马逊AI招聘工具曾系统性降分女性简历，因其训练数据以男性工程师为主。 ③ 社会孤独化趋势：美国卫生局长2023年警告"孤独流行病"，39%成年人感到严重孤独（较2018年上升13%）。日本"数码痴呆症"现象加剧，年轻人日均屏幕时间超9小时，面对面交流减少60%。 ④ 人机关系实验：斯坦福大学2024年研究发现，与AI聊天机器人建立情感依赖的用户，现实社交能力评估分数下降28%。但MIT实验显示，护理机器人ElliQ能降低老年人孤独感34%，引发伦理争议。 ⑤ 技术反制措施：欧盟《AI法案》要求情感识别系统必须标注"非人类交互"，加州立法禁止AI冒充人类进行心理咨询。日本推出"数字斋戒"应用，自动屏蔽算法推荐内容以促进真实社交。 ⑥ 神经科学视角：牛津大学脑成像研究揭示，人类大脑对AI生成关怀语句的共情反应强度仅为真人语句的17%，主要缺失前额叶皮层的情感共鸣激活。 【词汇延伸】 free up 释放，腾出 gun for 竭力争取；试图取代 tuck away 隐藏，搁置 blind (someone) to 使忽视，使看不清 pay attention to 关注，留意 高考真题链接 (2025·全国II卷·阅读理解B篇) Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford (LPCH). “Sometimes I don’t like saying that I’m a teacher,” says Ho. “People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do, but that’s not really what it is here.” “Here” is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students. The hospital school is free of parents, doctors, and medical procedures. It’s a place of learning. About half of Ho’s students stay for a week or less; others are there for more than a year. Most of Ho’s students will recover, which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care. Still, in room 386, academics don’t come first. Physical health and mental health are the priority. “If you’re scared about something and thinking only about that, there’s no way you’re going to be able to learn,” Ho says. “I’m a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher.” There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. “They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.” Ho recognizes the psychological benefit of helping kids keep up with their peers (同龄人) outside the hospital. “I actually think the medicine is only a small piece for some problems,” says Julie Good, director of pain management services at LPCH. “It’s about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life. Those kids have dreams. School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow.” 4. Who does Ho teach at LPCH? A. Sick children. B. Young nurses. C. Medical students. D. Patients’ parents. 5. What is a characteristic of Ho’s job? A. Prioritizing academics. B. Encouraging innovation. C. Treating various diseases. D. Playing multiple roles. 6. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? A. Offering regular lessons. B. Paying extra attention. C. Assigning no schoolwork. D. Showing no sympathy. 7. How does the hospital school benefit the students according to Good? A. It eases peer pressure. B. It helps them live in hope. C. It frees them from aches. D. It entertains them with stories. 【答案】4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Kathy Ho在斯坦福露西尔・帕卡德儿童医院（LPCH）担任教师的工作情况，介绍了医院学校学生的情况、她工作的特点以及医院学校对学生的益处。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中““Here” is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students. The hospital school is free of parents, doctors, and medical procedures. It’s a place of learning. About half of Ho’s students stay for a week or less; others are there for more than a year. Most of Ho’s students will recover, which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care. (“这里”指的是386 室，每年约有500名露西尔・帕卡德儿童医院（LPCH）的患者在这里成为学生。这所医院学校里没有家长、医生，也没有医疗程序。它是一个学习的地方。Ho老师的学生中，约有一半只待一周或更短时间，其他人则会待一年以上。大多数学生最终会康复，这意味着，帮助他们做好重返学校的准备正成为护理工作中日益重要的组成部分)” 可知，Ho在露西尔・帕卡德儿童医院（LPCH）教生病的孩子。故选A。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“I’m a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher. (我是一名教练、一名顾问和一名安慰者，这就是作为一名医院教师的意义)”可知，Ho工作的一个特点是扮演多种角色。故选D。 【6题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第四段划线词所在句“Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. (一些老师不给孩子们布置任何作业，而是表达同情。Ho说：“我觉得这对孩子们是一种伤害”)” 可推知，其中的“it”指的是不给孩子们布置作业这件事。故选C。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中Julie Good所说的“It’s about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life. Those kids have dreams. School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow. (这关乎围绕 “何为充实人生” 展开的问题解决。那些孩子拥有梦想，而学校能通过为他们提供学习与成长的途径，让这些梦想得以延续)”可推知，Good认为医院学校通过让孩子保持学习和成长，帮助他们维系梦想，即帮助他们生活在希望中。故选B。 1．Most of Ho’s students will recover, which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care. 抓标志：关系代词 which (引导非限制性定语从句)；从属连词 that (引导宾语从句)；动名词短语 preparing them to return to school (作主语) 判类型：主句：Most of Ho’s students will recover；which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。在定语从句中，that 引导的宾语从句 that preparing... component of care 作 means 的宾语。宾语从句的主语是动名词短语 preparing them to return to school。 试翻译：胡老师的大多数学生将会康复，这意味着，帮助他们做好准备重返学校，正日益成为其护理中越来越重要的一部分。 2．She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. 抓标志：不定式短语 to get... (作目的状语)；现在分词短语 being used... (作后置定语) 判类型：主句：She generally works with their regular teachers；不定式 to get lessons and tests 表示目的。现在分词被动式 being used at their home schools 作后置定语，修饰前面的 lessons and tests，表示“正在他们原学校被使用的”。 试翻译：她通常会与这些学生的常规老师合作，以获取他们原学校正在使用的课程和测试资料。 3. Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. 抓标志：分号 ; (连接两个并列分句)；instead (副词，表示转折) 判类型：这是由分号连接的并列复合句。第一个分句：Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments第二个分句：they express sympathy instead，其中 instead 明确表达了与常规做法（布置作业）相反的替代行为（只表达同情）。 试翻译：有些老师不给这些孩子布置任何作业；他们只是表达同情。 1.hospital school / hospital teacher医院学校 / 医院教师 2. patients also become students病人同时也成为学生 3.a place of learning 一个学习的地方 4. physical health and mental health身体健康与心理健康 5. pain management services疼痛管理服务 6. keep up with their peers跟上他们的同龄人 7. psychological benefit心理益处 8. a disservice to the kids对这些孩子是有害的 / 帮倒忙 9. keep those dreams alive让那些梦想保持活力 10. have a full life拥有充实的人生 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 290 本文主要讲述了作者努力在网球场上战胜哥哥的故事。 Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 308 文章主要讲述了作者12岁时随父亲和姑姑在法国旅行时，因语言不通在凡尔赛宫换乘火车时迷路，后被一位法国老人主动帮助、护送至正确车次且分文未取的温暖经历。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 347 文章提出了快乐并不能保证一个人就会健康的观点。还有其他因素影响一个人的健康和长寿，例如一个人的基因，甚至一个人的社会经济状况决定是否会健康。 Passage4 语法填空 议论文 204 到底是为了生活而工作，还是为了工作而生活，不同的人有不同的观点，作者就此问题发表了自己的观点。 Passage5 七选五 说明文 290 文章主要介绍了如何写高中作文。 Passage6 七选五 说明文 250 主要介绍了与陌生人交谈的一些好处。 Passage7 完形填空 记叙文 269 文章主要讲述了作者因未入选游泳队而感到压力，父亲让作者到厨房帮忙烤面包。 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·四川·期末）The title of “Aaron’s younger brother” was given to me at the age of six. It was a label stuck to me and all people had to do was to refer to the imaginary label and they would know how to address me. I wanted to defeat Aaron, whose fame had reduced me to a nameless tennis player. Then the day eventually approached. As I shook Aaron's hand at the start of the match, I stared at him with determination. “I’m going to beat you today.” I gathered the confidence to claim over the outcome of the match. Aaron laughed carelessly as he turned his back towards me. For a brief moment, I regretted that display of over-confidence. I nervously shifted my weight from one foot to the other. The tennis court seemed to stretch out further than usual. My sweaty hands tightened around my racket (球拍) — the fifth one passed down to me from Aaron. We entered into a heated fight. I was persevering as expected, and I was not sure how long it would take before I withdrew. We were down to the last round, neck and neck in points. I made a mistake, then Aaron leaped up, stretching his arm out. The sun cast his image over me, reminding me that I would always be walking in his shadow if I couldn’t prove myself. I readied myself for the finishing blow, images of Aaron’s past matches flooding through my mind. I recalled the habit of his hit in the World Tennis Tournament, extending my arm to the left in anticipation of where the ball was going to land. The ball made contact with my racket and was lobbed(吊高球) over Aaron’s head. He could do nothing but witness his undefeated status being erased by his younger brother. While I was still enjoying the unfamiliar feeling of victory, a man whom I recognised from a professional club approached me. “What is your name, son?” he asked. A smile spread across my face. 1. What used to trouble the writer? A. The longing for recognition. B. The eagerness to bear labels. C. The desire to be a tennis player. D. The hardship of physical training. 2. How did the writer feel at the beginning of the match? A. Defeated. B. Anxious. C. Optimistic. D. Honored. 3. What can we learn about Aaron from paragraph 4? A. He adopted his usual trick in the match. B. He purchased a tennis racket for the writer. C. He had an obvious advantage in the last round. D. He withdrew from the World Tennis Tournament. 4. Which is the best title for the text? A. The Price for One Mistake B. From Nobody to Somebody C. Why Brotherhood Matters D. Aaron's Last-minute Victory 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者努力在网球场上战胜哥哥的故事。 1.细节理解题。根据第一段中“The title of “Aaron’s younger brother” was given to me at the age of six. It was a label stuck to me and all people had to do was to refer to the imaginary label and they would know how to address me. I wanted to defeat Aaron, whose fame had reduced me to a nameless tennis player. Then the day eventually approached.(“亚伦的弟弟”的称号是在我六岁的时候给我的。这是一个贴在我身上的标签，人们所要做的就是引用这个想象中的标签，他们就会知道如何称呼我。我想打败亚伦，他的名气让我变成了一个无名的网球运动员。然后这一天终于来临了。)”可知，哥哥的名气一直困扰着我，我非常渴望被认可，故选A项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“As I shook Aaron’s hand at the start of the match, I stared at him with determination. “I’m going to beat you today.” I gathered the confidence to claim over the outcome of the match.( 比赛开始时，当我和亚伦握手时，我坚定地看着他。“我今天要打败你。”我鼓起信心宣布比赛结果。) ”可知，作者在比赛开始时是非常乐观的，故选C项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“I recalled the habit of his hit in the World Tennis Tournament, extending my arm to the left in anticipation of where the ball was going to land. The ball made contact with my racket and was lobbed(吊高球) over Aaron’s head. He could do nothing but witness his undefeated status being erased by his younger brother.(我回忆起他在世界网球锦标赛上击球的习惯，向左边伸出手臂，期待着球落在那里。球碰到了我的球拍，从亚伦的头上被抛了过去。他只能目睹自己的不败地位被弟弟抹去。)”可知，亚伦采用了往常的技巧，被作者预估到，提前采取了措施，故选A项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The title of “Aaron’s younger brother” was given to me at the age of six. It was a label stuck to me and all people had to do was to refer to the imaginary label and they would know how to address me. I wanted to defeat Aaron, whose fame had reduced me to a nameless tennis player. Then the day eventually approached.(“亚伦的弟弟”的称号是在我六岁的时候给我的。这是一个贴在我身上的标签，人们所要做的就是引用这个想象中的标签，他们就会知道如何称呼我。我想打败亚伦，他的名气让我变成了一个无名的网球运动员。然后这一天终于来临了。)以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者从小就生活在哥哥亚伦的光环下，被贴上了“亚伦的弟弟”的标签，作者不断努力并最终在球场上打破了哥哥不败的神话，得到了大家的认可的故事，B项“从无名小卒到大人物”概括文章主旨，适合作为标题，故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·浙江S9联盟·期中）At 12, my father decided to take me a trip to France. I had never been out of the country before, so I was very excited. My aunt, my father and I went around with my father showing us all the unbelievable attractions in Paris. None of us spoke much French but we loved the city. We had taken the subway all over the city and were congratulating ourselves on our understanding of what is honestly a good subway design that is pretty easy to follow. We decided to visit Versailles by train. We chatted happily along the way until my father realized we were far into the French countryside and no one around spoke English. We reached the end of the line and felt frightened when everyone finally left the train. An old man and his grandchild noticed us and came up to help. He spoke no English, so in broken French we tried to explain. When he finally understood, this great man settled his grandson and showed us to the correct train and then got on it with us. Later we knew the truth that there was a train transfer(换乘)and he didn’t want us to miss it. This kind man rode a train an hour and a half out of his way to make sure that three Americans got where they wanted to be. He refused to let us pay for his ticket. He did it all with a gentle smile and shook our hands gently at the stop. Then with his quiet way, he got on the train to return the way he had come. What impressed me most was the man and his kindness during the amazing trip. Some Americans think the French are rude for some reason, but I always try to make them change their minds with this story. 1. Why was the author excited about the trip to France? A. He could see unbelievable attractions. B. He had never been abroad before. C. He could take the subway all over the city. D. He could go around with his aunt and father. 2. What happened to the author and his family on the train? A. They were lost in the French countryside. B. They had a quarrel with the other passengers. C. They found it hard to understand the subway design. D. They met an old man and his grandchild immediately. 3. The old man helped them ________. A. by paying for their tickets B. by teaching them some French C. by showing them the correct train D. by taking them to Versailles directly 4. What’s the purpose of the author’s writing the passage? A. To show the importance of learning a foreign language. B. To explain an unexpected problem and offer practical tips for future travelers. C. To share an unforgettable foreign experience that left a deep impression on him. D. To list the unbelievable attractions in Paris through personal travel experiences. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者12岁时随父亲和姑姑在法国旅行时，因语言不通在凡尔赛宫换乘火车时迷路，后被一位法国老人主动帮助、护送至正确车次且分文未取的温暖经历。 1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“At 12, my father decided to take me a trip to France. I had never been out of the country before, so I was very excited.(在我12岁的时候，父亲决定带我去法国旅行。我以前从未出过国，所以我非常兴奋。)”可知，作者12岁时父亲决定带他去法国旅行，因为他以前从未出过国，所以感到非常兴奋。故选B。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“We decided to visit Versailles by train. We chatted happily along the way until my father realized we were far into the French countryside and no one around spoke English.(我们决定乘火车去参观凡尔赛宫。一路上我们开心地聊着天，直到父亲意识到我们已经深入到了法国的乡村地区，而周围没有一个人会说英语。)”以及第三段“We reached the end of the line and felt frightened when everyone finally left the train.(我们到达了线路的终点站，当最后所有人都下了火车时，我们感到很害怕。)”可知，作者一家决定乘火车去参观凡尔赛宫，一路上开心地聊天，直到父亲意识到他们已经深入法国乡村，周围没人说英语，并且到达线路终点站时，大家都下车了，他们感到害怕。这表明他们在火车上坐过站，在法国乡村迷路了。故选A。 3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“An old man and his grandchild noticed us and came up to help. He spoke no English, so in broken French we tried to explain. When he finally understood, this great man settled his grandson and showed us to the correct train and then got on it with us.(一位老人和他的孙子注意到了我们，便走上前来帮忙。他不会说英语，所以我们用蹩脚的法语努力向他解释。当他终于明白后，这位善良的老人安顿好他的孙子，然后带我们找到了正确的火车，接着还和我们一起上了车。)”以及第四段“Later we knew the truth that there was a train transfer(换乘)and he didn’t want us to miss it. This kind man rode a train an hour and a half out of his way to make sure that three Americans got where they wanted to be. He refused to let us pay for his ticket.(后来我们才知道，原来要换乘火车，他是不想让我们错过换乘。这位善良的人特意多坐了一个半小时的火车，就为了确保三个美国人能到达他们想去的地方。他不让我们为他的车票付钱。)”可知，老人特意多坐了一个半小时的火车把作者一行人带到了目的地——凡尔赛宫。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“What impressed me most was the man and his kindness during the amazing trip. Some Americans think the French are rude for some reason, but I always try to make them change their minds with this story.(在这次奇妙的旅行中，给我留下最深刻印象的是那位老人以及他的善良。出于某些原因，有些美国人认为法国人很粗鲁，但我总是试图用这个故事让他们改变看法。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者12岁时和父亲、姑姑去法国旅行，在乘火车去凡尔赛宫的途中迷路，后得到一位不会说英语的法国老人帮助的经历。作者着重描述了老人的善良以及这段经历给自己留下的深刻印象，最后提到想用这个故事改变一些美国人认为法国人粗鲁的看法。因此作者写这篇文章的目的是分享一段给他留下深刻印象的难忘的国外经历。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·浙江杭州·阶段练习）Does a happy person live longer? Many studies have convinced us that happiness brings good health, which has resulted in an increasing demand for speakers and products encouraging positive thinking. However, being happy does not promise that one is going to be healthy. There are other factors that influence one’s health and long life such as a person’s genes or even a person’s socio-economic condition. Some research even suggests that positive thinking can be dangerous. Positive thinking, when taken to the extreme, can cause a person to be separated from reality. For example, a person who thinks that staying happy and positive can help him recover from an illness like cancer but later fails to recover from it, may blame himself for not being happy. In this case, positive thinking may potentially make the victim disregard other factors. Sometimes the pursuit of happiness is even associated with serious mental health problems such as depression. All types of happiness are not good for us either. For example, pride, a pleasant feeling, can sometimes rob us of the ability to empathize with others or understand another’s viewpoint. This anti-social behavior can cause people around us to turn away from us, and this could, in turn, make us feel lonely and do harm to our mental and even physical health. Moreover, unpleasant feelings can be beneficial to a person’s well-being. Researchers believe that unpleasant feelings can help us make sense of our challenges and experiences in a way that supports psychological well-being. For example, if I have behaved badly towards my good friend, the feelings of guilt and sadness might motivate me to apologize and ask for forgiveness. The rebuilding of a broken relationship can be a lift to one’s mental well-being. In trying to experience happiness, we should remember that seeking for happiness as an end in itself can be self-defeating, and does not necessarily lead to better health. After all, one will surely experience setbacks and conflicts in life. Instead, learning to cope with negative emotions with a realistic positive attitude is key to a person’s good health. 1. What’s the writer’s opinion in this passage? A. Negative thinking can be dangerous. B. Staying happy can bring good health. C. Unpleasant feelings cannot be beneficial. D. Happiness cannot ensure one’s good health. 2. When can positive thinking be dangerous according to the passage? A. When we use it with a realistic attitude to solve problems. B. When we focus on it as an only determinant of happy life. C. When we think it one of the necessary factor for good health. D. When we realize it may rob us of the ability to understand others. 3. How can unpleasant feelings be beneficial to a person’s well-being? A. They rebuild a broken relationship. B. They lead to self-reflection and personal growth. C. They help keep the problems and challenges away. D. They prevent long-term negative effects on mental health. 4. Which of the following has the similar meaning of “an end in itself”? A. An ultimate goal. B. An individual plan. C. A final decision. D. A great start. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. B 4. A 【导语】本文是说明文。文章提出了快乐并不能保证一个人就会健康的观点。还有其他因素影响一个人的健康和长寿，例如一个人的基因，甚至一个人的社会经济状况决定是否会健康。学会用现实的积极态度应对消极情绪是一个人健康的关键。 1.细节理解题。根据第一段“However, being happy does not promise that one is going to be healthy. There are other factors that influence one’s health and long life such as a person’s genes or even a person’s socio-economic condition.”（然而，快乐并不能保证一个人就会健康。还有其他因素影响一个人的健康和长寿，例如一个人的基因，甚至一个人的社会经济状况。）可知，文章中作者认为快乐并不能保证一个人的健康。故选D。 2.细节理解题。根据第二段“Some research even suggests that positive thinking can be dangerous. Positive thinking, when taken to the extreme, can cause a person to be separated from reality. For example, a person who thinks that staying happy and positive can help him recover from an illness like cancer but later fails to recover from it, may blame himself for not being happy. In this case, positive thinking may potentially make the victim disregard other factors.”（一些研究甚至表明，积极思考可能是危险的。当走向极端时，积极的思考会导致一个人脱离现实。例如，一个人认为保持快乐和积极可以帮助他从癌症等疾病中恢复过来，但后来却无法恢复，他可能会责怪自己不快乐。在这种情况下，积极的思考可能会使受害者忽视其他因素。）可知，当我们将积极思考视为幸福生活的唯一决定因素时，积极思考可能是危险的。故选B。 3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Moreover, unpleasant feelings can be beneficial to a person’s well-being. Researchers believe that unpleasant feelings can help us make sense of our challenges and experiences in a way that supports psychological well-being. For example, if I have behaved badly towards my good friend, the feelings of guilt and sadness might motivate me to apologize and ask for forgiveness. The rebuilding of a broken relationship can be a lift to one’s mental well-being.”（此外，不愉快的感觉可能对一个人的健康有益。研究人员认为，不愉快的感觉可以帮助我们以一种支持心理健康的方式理解我们的挑战和经历。例如，如果我对我的好朋友表现不好，内疚和悲伤的感觉可能会促使我道歉并请求原谅。重建一段破裂的关系可以提升一个人的精神健康。）可知，不愉快的感觉能导致自我反思和个人成长，这有益于一个人的幸福。故选B。 4.词句猜测题。根据第一段“However, being happy does not promise that one is going to be healthy. There are other factors that influence one’s health and long life such as a person’s genes or even a person’s socio-economic condition. (然而，快乐并不意味着一个人就会健康。还有其他因素会影响一个人的健康和长寿，例如一个人的基因，甚至一个人的社会经济状况。)”可知，快乐不一定会让我们健康，我们不能把追求快乐当作目的。以及二段说到积极思想有时很危险，第三段说不是所有的快乐都对我们有好处，最后一段“In trying to experience happiness, we should remember that seeking for happiness as an end in itself can be self-defeating, and does not necessarily lead to better health. After all, one will surely experience setbacks and conflicts in life. Instead, learning to cope with negative emotions with a realistic positive attitude is key to a person’s good health.”（在尝试体验快乐的过程中，我们应该记住，把追求快乐作为an end in itself可能会弄巧成拙，也不一定会带来更好的健康。毕竟，一个人在生活中肯定会遇到挫折和冲突。相反，学会用现实的积极态度应对消极情绪是一个人健康的关键）可知，不要把追求快乐当作目的，an end in itself是“目的”的意思，近义词是An ultimate goal表示“一个最终目标”。故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·江苏南通·阶段考）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Living in a ____1____ (high) competitive society, the idea that the purpose of life is to work is popular or even dominant. Most bread earners believe that ____2____ (finance) guarantee is more realistic and important for a person and for his family. So they take it for granted ____3____ devoting to work is the most reasonable and worthy thing to do. Nevertheless, ____4____ (object) think that work is only a means to have a better life. They argue that there are more important things than work in life, such as friends, personal interests, social ____5____ (responsible) and so on. They think that life will be dull and ____6____ (meaning) with work as its aim. In my opinion, we should strike a balance ____7____ work and life. On the one hand, to be a diligent worker is necessary and meaningful. On the other hand, we should not be workaholic, or we will lose many such significant things in life ____8____ love and friendship. Wherever life takes us and whatever choices ____9____ (lay) out before us, something worth ____10____ (remember) is that our work, when done well, will not only help us make a living but also help make a life for ourselves and for others. 【答案】1. highly 2. financial 3. that 4. objectors 5. responsibilities 6. meaningless 7. between 8. as 9. are laid 10. remembering 【导语】这是一篇议论文。到底是为了生活而工作，还是为了工作而生活，不同的人有不同的观点，作者就此问题发表了自己的观点。 1.考查副词。句意：生活在一个竞争激烈的社会，认为生活的目的是为了工作的想法很流行，甚至占主导地位。分析句子可知，设空处修饰形容词competitive，需用副词。故填highly。 2.考查形容词。句意：大多数挣工资的人认为，经济保障对一个人及其家庭来说更现实、更重要。分析句子可知，设空处修饰名词guarantee，需用形容词作定语。故填financial。 3.考查宾语从句连接词。句意：因此，他们理所当然地认为，献身于工作是最合理和最有价值的事情。分析句子结构可知，本句中的it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是设空处引导的宾语从句，连接词在从句中不作成分，无词义，因而用that引导。故填that。 4.考查名词。句意：尽管如此，反对者认为，工作只是拥有更好生活的一种手段。分析句子可知，设空处需填入名词作主句的主语，由主句谓语动词think可知，此处需填入名词复数。故填objectors。 5.考查名词。句意：他们认为生活中有比工作更重要的事情，比如朋友、个人兴趣、社会责任等等。根据such as后的friends和personal interests可知，设空处需填入名词，responsibility为可数名词。故填responsibilities。 6.考查形容词。句意：他们认为，以工作为目标，生活将变得枯燥无意义。分析句子可知，连词and连接设空处与形容词dull，作表语，因而需填入形容词，由句意可知，meaningless“无意义的”符合句意。故填meaningless。 7.考查介词。句意：在我看来，我们应该在工作和生活之间取得平衡。分析句子结构，根据work and life可知，介词between“介于……之间”符合句意。故填between。 8.考查介词。句意：另一方面，我们不应该成为工作狂，否则我们会失去生活中许多重要的东西，比如爱情和友谊。由such及名词love and friendship可知，设空处缺少介词，表示列举，as符合句意。故填as。 9.考查时态和语态。句意：无论生活将我们带到哪里，无论摆在我们面前的是什么样的选择，值得记住的是，当我们的工作做好后，不仅会帮助我们谋生，还会帮助我们自己和他人创造生活。分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少从句的谓语部分，根据主句时态可知从句时态为一般现在时，动词lay与choices之间是被动关系，因而需用被动语态。故填 are laid。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：无论生活将我们带到哪里，无论摆在我们面前的是什么样的选择，值得记住的是，当我们的工作做好后，不仅会帮助我们谋生，还会帮助我们自己和他人创造生活。短语worth doing表示“值得去做”。故填remembering。 Passage5 （24-25高一下·浙江·阶段考） How to Write Any High School Essay Writing an essay is an important basic skill that you will need to succeed in high school, college, and beyond. With a well-done preparation stage, you can easily write an essay for any topic! Choose an essay style and topic if you haven’t already been assigned one. Check the specific standard for your essay as provided by your teacher. ____1____ Once you come up with a topic and essay format, make sure you know the required length and deadline for your assignment and go to your teacher with any outstanding questions. Do preliminary research on your essay’s topic. Look through primary and secondary sources that are related to your chosen topic. ____2____ Organize and save this information so you can revisit it once you start writing your essay. Create an arguable essay statement for your essay. ____3____ And it’s needed to both guide your writing and help the reader understand your essay. Use the research and knowledge you have on your topic to come up with a thesis statement. Write the thesis in one clear and concise sentence. And make sure your point is arguable and not just a general thought or idea. . ____4____ Write an outline to plan out the overall structure and content of your essay. Your specific outline will depend on the type of essay that you’ re writing, but most high school essays include a five-paragraph structure with an introductory paragraph, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Find reliable sources that support your argument. ____5____ Instead, look for scholarly articles, lab research, or general news sources for the most accurate information. Find books published by large published by large published by ha t support your arguments as well. A. Make an outline for the paragraphs in your essay. B. Avoid using personal blogs or websites that are one-sided. C. Many schools offer online databases with reliable information. D. Take notes and find connections among the information you find. E. The statement summarizes the main idea or argument of your essay. F. If you need help writing a good essay, turn to the Internet for guidance. G. Your teacher may have offered the types and topics you can choose from. 【答案】1. G 2. D 3. E 4. A 5. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何写高中作文。 1.上文“Choose an essay style and topic if you haven’t already been assigned one. Check the specific standard for your essay as provided by your teacher.(如果你还没有被指定写作风格和主题，选择一个。检查你的老师提供的文章的具体标准。)”和下文“Once you come up with a topic and essay format, make sure you know the required length and deadline for your assignment and go to your teacher with any outstanding questions.(一旦你想出了一个主题和文章的格式，确保你知道你的作业要求的长度和截止日期，并带着任何悬而未决的问题去找你的老师。)”说明此处谈论文章类型和主题，选项“G.你的老师可能已经提供了你可以选择的类型和主题。”承上启下，符合题意。故选G项。 2. 上文“Look through primary and secondary sources that are related to your chosen topic.(浏览与你所选主题相关的第一手和第二手资料。)”和下文“Organize and save this information so you can revisit it once you start writing your essay.(整理和保存这些信息，以便你可以在开始写文章时重新审视它。)”说明此部分有关整理信息，选项“D.做笔记，找出你所找到的信息之间的联系。”符合题意。故选D项。 3. 上文“Create an arguable essay statement for your essay.(为你的文章创建一个有争议的论点陈述。)”说明此处有关观点和论述，选项“E.这句话概括了你文章的主要观点或论点。”承接上文，符合题意。故选E项。 4. 下文“Write an outline to plan out the overall structure and content of your essay. (写一个大纲来规划你的文章的整体结构和内容。)”说明此处有关写提纲，选项“A.为你的文章的段落写一个提纲。”符合题意。故选A项。 5.上文“Find reliable sources that support your argument.(找到支持你的论点的可靠来源。)”和下文“Instead, look for scholarly articles, lab research, or general news sources for the most accurate information. Find books published by large published by large published by ha t support your arguments as well.(相反，寻找学术文章，实验室研究，或一般新闻来源的最准确的信息。找一些大型出版社出版的书籍来支持你的论点。)”说明找到可靠的来源和准确信息，不要使用片面的信息，选项“B.避免使用片面的个人博客或网站。”符合题意。故选B项。 Passage6 （24-25高一下·云南开远·期末）Do you remember those times when your mother told you to avoid talking to strangers? But now you’re not a child anymore. In fact, there are many advantages of talking to strangers. ●You can meet a really great person Talking to a stranger is a good habit because you never know whom you may meet. ____1____. You can also meet someone who will give you a chance to get your dream job. ●____2____. You have some opinion about different subjects and you know your friends’ and relatives’points of view about them, too. But there are millions of other people who think differently and can give you unpredictable yet smart ideas that will broaden your horizons. ●You can improve your social skills. ____3____. Asking appropriate questions and attentive listening are two skills that many of us don’t have. You can better these skills when talking to a stranger. ●You can cheer someone up. The thing you’ll definitely like about talking to strangers is that you can make someone’s day better. ____4____. Praise people and they will think something pleasant about you. Having a sweet short dialogue is one of those perfect chances to make people cheerful. ●You can find the solutions you didn’t know about Talking to someone you don’t know is all about finding out something you didn’t know. You may have some problems that you can’t solve for a long time. However, someone you suddenly meet can figure out the right solution you didn’t even think about before. ____5____. A. You can expand your world view. B. Smile and people will smile in return. C. Why not speak to someone until your turn comes? D. It may be the help you needed to get a long time ago. E. You shouldn’t miss these unexpected chances of meeting people. F. You can meet a person who will become your best friend in the future. G. Whatever social skills you have, you can make them better when talking to strangers. 【答案】1. F 2. A 3. G 4. B 5. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了与陌生人交谈的一些好处。 1.根据该段标题“You can meet a really great person.”（你会遇到一个很棒的人。）引出话题，提到遇到一个很棒的人。以及下文“You can also meet someone who will give you a chance to get your dream job.”（你也可以遇到一个人，他会给你一个机会得到你梦想的工作。）说明遇到的另一个很棒的人。由此可推知，空格处内容为遇到其中之一很棒的人。结合选项F项“You can meet a person who will become your best friend in the future.（你会遇到一个人，他将来会成为你最好的朋友。）”符合此推断，上下文紧密连接，符合语境。故选F项。 2. 由该题为段落小标题可知，为总结该段内容。该段下文“You have some opinion about different subjects and you know your friends’ and relatives’ points of view about them, too. But there are millions of other people who think differently and can give you unpredictable yet smart ideas that will broaden your horizons.”（你对不同的主题有一些看法，你也知道你的朋友和亲戚对他们的看法。但是还有成千上万的人有不同的想法，他们可以给你意想不到的聪明想法，开阔你的视野。）可知，讲的是与陌生人交谈可能会给你意想不到的观点，开阔你的视野。结合选项A项“You can expand your world view.（你可以扩展你的世界观。）”意思一致，为总结该段内容。故选A项。 3. 根据本段标题“You can improve your social skills.”（你可以提高你的社交技能。）可知，本段讨论的是“与陌生人交谈对提高社交技能的作用”。结合选项G项“Whatever social skills you have, you can make them better when talking to strangers.（无论你有什么社交技巧，你都可以在与陌生人交谈时让它们变得更好。）”和本段主旨内容一致，上下文语意连贯，符合语境。故选G项。 4. 根据本段标题“You can cheer someone up.”（你可以让别人高兴起来。）引出话题，提到让别人高兴起来。以及下文“Praise people and they will think something pleasant about you.”（赞美别人，他们就会对你有好感。）由此可知，本段谈论的是，与陌生人交谈可以让别人开心。结合选项B项“Smile and people will smile in return.（微笑，别人也会报以微笑。）”和本段内容主旨一致，起到上下文的承上启下作用，符合语境。故选B项。 5. 根据上文“However, someone you suddenly meet can figure out the right solution you didn’t even think about before.”（然而，你突然遇到的某个人可以想出你以前甚至没有想过的正确解决方案。）讲的是别人提供帮助，给你解决方案。结合选项D项“It may be the help you needed to get a long time ago.（这可能是你很久以前就需要的帮助。）”承接上文内容，为上文内容的语意递进，上下文紧密连接。故选D项。 Passage 7 （24-25高一下·云南宝山·阶段练习）My dad is a car mechanic, which involves lots of heavy lifting, tightening, shaking, and banging. He doesn’t seem like the kind of guy who would ____1____ great bread, but he is and he does. I’ve been feeling kind of stressed out myself since I found out I didn’t ____2____ for the swim team. Now I’ll have to wait a whole year to ____3____ again; that might be a million years as well. I was feeling ____4____ and Dad knew it. Last Saturday he asked me to ____5____ in the kitchen. Giving me an apron and getting out his mixing bowl he told me to stir while he added the ____6____ . Then he showed me how to knead (揉) the dough (生面团), which took ten minutes and ____7____ energy. Next came the most difficult and surprising part — ____8____ nothing. We waited for more than an hour and saw the dough slowly ____9____ and double in size. After that, to let the _____10_____ out, we kneaded the risen dough down, divided it in two and _____11_____ for another hour. “It’s hard to _____12_____ putting the dough directly into the oven, but if you do, the bread will be tough. The most important lesson of all is learning to be _____13_____ ,” Dad explained. While we waited, we sat and talked. As the flour dust in the kitchen _____14_____ , time seemed to slow down. The dough was going to rise at its own _____15_____ , so was I. My father taught me how to bake bread, but I think I learned something more. 1. A. buy B. eat C. bake D. earn 2. A. apply B. fight C. prepare D. qualify 3. A. try out B. look out C. catch up D. open up 4. A. shame B. pressure C. exhaustion D. confusion 5. A. assist B. behave C. recover D. experiment 6. A. challenges B. ingredients C. variations D. stimulations 7. A. valuable B. available C. considerable D. miserable 8. A. doing B. using C. changing D. smelling 9. A. crack B. bend C. swell D. flatten 10. A. air B. flour C. water D. steam 11. A. competed B. operated C. focused D. waited 12. A. imagine B. tolerate C. enjoy D. resist 13. A. humble B. patient C. realistic D. disciplined 14. A. exploded B. settled C. gathered D. remained 15. A. will B. game C. ease D. pace 【参考答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. A 11. D 12. D 13. B 14. B 15. D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因未入选游泳队而感到压力，父亲让作者到厨房帮忙烤面包。在烤面包的过程中，父亲展示了制作面包的各个步骤，包括搅拌原料、揉面、等待面团发酵等，同时父亲借此教导作者要有耐心，作者也从中学到了比烤面包更重要的东西，明白了自己也会像面团一样按自己的节奏成长。 1.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他看起来不像是那种会烘焙出美味面包的人，但他确实是这样的人，而且他也确实能做到。A. buy买；B. eat吃；C. bake烤；D. earn挣。根据下文 “My father taught me how to bake bread”可知，此处说父亲看起来不像是会烤出很棒面包的人。故选C。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：自从我发现自己没有资格加入游泳队以来，我自己也一直感到有些压力。A. apply申请；B. fight打架；C. prepare准备；D. qualify取得资格。根据下文“Now I’ll have to wait a whole year to ____3____ again”可知，作者是没有获得资格加入游泳队。故选D。 3. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在我得等整整一年才能再次参加选拔；这一年感觉也可能像一百万年那么久。A. try out参加选拔；B. look out小心；C. catch up赶上；D. open up开放。根据上文“I found out I didn’t ____2____ for the swim team”可知，因为没入选游泳队，所以要等一年再去参加选拔。故选A。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感到压力很大，而爸爸知道这一点。A. shame羞耻；B. pressure压力；C. exhaustion筋疲力尽；D. confusion困惑。根据上文“I’ve been feeling kind of stressed out myself”可知，作者感到压力很大。故选B。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：上周六，他让我到厨房帮忙。A. assist帮助；B. behave举止端正；C. recover恢复；D. experiment做实验。根据下文“Giving me an apron and getting out his mixing bowl, he told me to stir while he added the ____6____ .”可知，父亲让作者到厨房帮忙。故选A。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他给了我一条围裙，拿出他的搅拌碗，让我搅拌，而他则添加制作面包的原料。A. challenges挑战；B. ingredients原料；C. variations变化；D. stimulations刺激。根据上文“he told me to stir while he added the”可知，在做面包时，父亲让作者搅拌，他自己添加原料。故选B。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后他教我如何揉面团，这花了十分钟，而且需要相当大的力气。A. valuable有价值的；B. available可获得的；C. considerable相当大的；D. miserable悲惨的。根据上文“which took ten minutes”可知，揉面团需要相当大的力气。故选C。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：接下来是最困难和最令人惊讶的部分——什么也不做。A. doing做；B. using使用；C. changing改变；D. smelling闻。根据下文“We waited for more than an hour”可知，接下来作者他们什么也不做，只是等待。故选A。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们等了一个多小时，看到面团慢慢地膨胀，体积变成了原来的两倍。A. crack破裂；B. bend弯曲；C. swell膨胀；D. flatten变平。根据下文“double in size”可知，面团膨胀，体积翻倍。故选C。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那之后，为了排出里面的空气，我们把发起来的面团再揉下去，把它分成两块，然后再等一个小时。A. air空气；B. flour面粉；C. water水；D. steam蒸汽。根据上文“we kneaded the risen dough down”可知，在面团发酵后，把发起来的面团再揉下去是为了排出空气。故选A。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那之后，为了排出里面的空气，我们把发起来的面团再揉下去，把它分成两块，然后再等一个小时。A. competed竞争；B. operated操作；C. focused集中；D. waited等待。根据下文“While we waited”可知，之后还要再等一个小时。故选D。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“很难忍住不把面团直接放进烤箱，但是如果你这么做了，面包就会很坚硬。最重要的一课就是要学会有耐心。”爸爸解释道。A. imagine想象；B. tolerate忍受；C. enjoy享受；D. resist抵抗。根据下文“putting the dough directly into the oven, but if you do, the bread will be tough.”可知，很难抗拒直接把面团放进烤箱的冲动，但这样面包会很硬。故选D。 13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“很难忍住不把面团直接放进烤箱，但是如果你这么做了，面包就会很坚硬。最重要的一课就是要学会有耐心。”爸爸解释道。A. humble谦逊的；B. patient耐心的；C. realistic现实的；D. disciplined守纪律的。根据上文内容可知，做面包过程中需要多次等待，比如等待面团发酵等，所以最重要的一课是学会耐心。故选B。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着厨房里面粉的灰尘落定，时间似乎也慢了下来。A. exploded爆炸；B. settled安定；C. gathered聚集；D. remained保持。根据下文“time seemed to slow down.”可知，面粉尘土落定时，时间似乎慢了下来。故选B。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：面团会按照它自己的节奏膨胀，我也会按照自己的节奏成长。A. will意愿；B. game游戏；C. ease舒适；D. pace速度。根据上文“The dough was going to rise at its own”可知，面团会按照自己的速度膨胀，作者也会按照自己的节奏成长。故选D。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Knowing me, knowing you 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 内容要求： 1.与单元主题相关的词汇积累等； 主题词汇积累 一、人际关系与情感状态 信任与背叛 trust those closest to us 信任我们最亲近的人 break/lose trust 破坏/失去信任 feel betrayed/let down 感到被背叛/辜负 尴尬与羞耻 in a (total) mess 处于（一团）糟/困境 feel awkward/embarrassed/ashamed 感到尴尬/窘迫/羞愧 愤怒与失望 let off steam 发泄怒火/释放压力 feel angry/disappointed with sb. 对某人感到愤怒/失望 raise one’s concerns 提出某人的关切 二、沟通与冲突处理 有效沟通 communicate with each other clearly 彼此清晰地沟通 direct and honest talk/chat 直接而坦诚的交谈 frank comments/opinions 坦诚的评价/意见 不当沟通 loose lips sink ships 祸从口出（谚语） speak/talk without thinking 说话不经过思考 repeat/gossip about what sb. said 重复/传播某人说的话 冲突解决 resolve conflicts/problems 解决冲突/问题 apologise to sb. 向某人道歉 work together as a team 作为团队一起合作 三、个人品行与责任 诚实与欺骗 tell a lie / tell the truth 说谎 / 说实话 practise to deceive 练习欺骗（开始行骗） (dishon)esty is an important value （不）诚实是重要的价值观 “白色谎言”及其动机 tell a white lie 说一个善意的谎言 protect others from the truth/bad news 保护他人免受真相/坏消息的伤害 give encouragement 给予鼓励 make others feel better 让别人感觉好受些 责任与反思 be (partly) sb.’s fault 是某人（部分）的错 think about one’s own behaviour 反思自己的行为 consider other people’s feelings 考虑他人的感受 pull one’s weight 尽自己的本分/尽责 四、行为结果与后果 导致问题 cause (all kinds of) trouble 引起（各种）麻烦 make the situation worse 使情况恶化 weave a tangled web 编织一张纠缠的网（比喻因欺骗陷入困境） 修复关系 repair/mend a friendship 修复友谊 move on (from a conflict) （从冲突中）继续前进/放下 have results we cannot know in advance 产生我们无法预知的结果 五、建议与策略 情绪管理 calm down 冷静下来 take a deep breath 深呼吸 行为准则 think first, speak later 三思而后言 approach sth. in a professional way 以专业的方式处理某事 share good/bad news 分享好/坏消息 hide the truth from sb. 对某人隐瞒真相 时文拓展阅读 As we assess the risks of AI, we are overlooking a crucial threat. Critics commonly highlight three primary hazards—job disruption, bias, and surveillance/privacy. We hear that AI will cause many people to lose their jobs, from dermatologists to truck drivers to marketers. We hear how AI turns historical correlations into predictions that enforce inequality, so that sentencing algorithms predict more recidivism for Black men than white ones. We hear that apps help authorities watch people, such as Amazon tracking which drivers look away from the road. What we are not talking about, however, is just as vital: What happens to human relationship when one side is mechanized? The conventional story of AI’s dangers is blinding us to its role in a cresting “depersonalization crisis.” If we are concerned about increasing loneliness and social fragmentation, then we should pay closer attention to the kind of human connections that we enable or impede. And those connections are being transformed by an influx of technology. As a researcher of the impact of technology on relationships, I spent five years observing and talking to more than 100 people employed in humane interpersonal work like counseling or teaching, as well as the engineers automating and administrators overseeing it. I found that the injection of technology into relationships renders that work invisible, makes workers have to prove they are not robots, and encourages firms to overload them, compressing their labor into ever smaller increments of time and space. Most importantly, no matter how good the AI, there is no human relationship when one half of the encounter is a machine. The solution that Big Tech offers to our depersonalization crisis is what they call personalization, as in personalized education or personalized health. These advances seek to counter the alienating invisibility of standardization, so that we are “seen” by machines. But what if it is important—for us and for our social fabric—not just to be seen, but to be seen by other people? AI is often sold as a way of “freeing up” humans for other, often more meaningful work. Yet connective labor is among the most profoundly meaningful work humans do, and technologists are nonetheless gunning for it. While humans are imperfect and judgmental to be sure, we also know that human attention and care are a source of purpose and dignity, the seeds of belongingness and bedrock of our communities; yet we tuck that knowledge away in service to an industry that contributes to our growing depersonalization. What is at risk is more than an individual or their job, it is our social cohesion—the connections that are a mutual achievement between and among humans. 【译文欣赏】 在评估人工智能风险时，我们忽视了一个关键威胁。批评者通常强调三大主要危害——就业冲击、偏见问题及监控/隐私侵犯。我们听闻AI将导致从皮肤科医生到卡车司机再到营销人员的大批失业；知晓AI如何将历史关联转化为强化不平等的预测，使得量刑算法预测黑人男性比白人男性更高的再犯率；也注意到应用程序如何协助当局监控民众，比如亚马逊追踪司机视线是否偏离路面。然而我们未曾讨论的问题同样至关重要：当人际关系中的一方被机械化时，会发生什么？ 传统AI威胁论正使我们对其在日益严重的"去人格化危机"中的作用视而不见。如果我们担忧日益加剧的孤独感与社会分裂，就更应密切关注技术对人类联结的促进或阻碍。这些联结正因技术洪流而发生质变。 作为研究技术对人际关系影响的学者，我耗时五年观察访谈了百余名从事心理咨询、教学等富有人情味工作的从业者，以及负责自动化开发的工程师和管理者。研究发现：技术介入使人际工作隐形化，迫使工作者自证非机器身份，促使企业压榨其劳动价值，将其工作压缩至愈发狭小的时空单元。最关键的是，无论AI多么先进，当交流对象是机器时，真实人际关系便不复存在。 科技巨头为去人格化危机开出的药方，是他们所谓的"个性化服务"，如个性化教育或个性化医疗。这些进步试图对抗标准化带来的疏离感，让我们被机器"看见"。但倘若对我们及社会结构而言，重要的不仅是被看见，更是被真实人类看见呢？ AI常被宣传为"解放人类"从事更具意义工作的手段。然而人际联结劳动本就是最具深层意义的人类工作，技术专家却仍对此虎视眈眈。尽管人类确有不完美与主观判断，但我们也深知：人类的关注与关怀是意义与尊严的源泉，是归属感的种子和社区根基。可我们却将这份认知束之高阁，服务于加剧去人格化的产业。风险远不止关乎个人或工作岗位，更是威胁着我们的社会凝聚力——那种唯有人类间相互成就的珍贵联结。 【词汇积累】 assess [əˈses] vt. 评估 overlook [ˌəʊvəˈlʊk] vt. 忽视 crucial [ˈkruːʃ(ə)l] adj. 关键的 hazard [ˈhæzəd] n. 危险 disruption [dɪsˈrʌpʃ(ə)n] n. 扰乱 bias [ˈbaɪəs] n. 偏见 surveillance [sɜːˈveɪləns] n. 监视 recidivism [rɪˈsɪdɪvɪzəm] n. 再犯 mechanized [ˈmekənaɪzd] adj. 机械化的 depersonalization [diːˌpɜːsənəlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 非人格化 fragmentation [ˌfræɡmenˈteɪʃ(ə)n] n. 分裂 influx [ˈɪnflʌks] n. 涌入 counseling [ˈkaʊns(ə)lɪŋ] n. 咨询 automating [ˈɔːtəmeɪtɪŋ] vt. 使自动化 invisible [ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l] adj. 无形的 personalization [ˌpɜːsənəlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 个性化 alienating [ˈeɪliəneɪtɪŋ] adj. 疏远的 cohesion [kəʊˈhiːʒ(ə)n] n. 凝聚力 【知识拓展】 ① 就业替代数据：世界经济论坛预测到2027年AI将替代8500万个岗位，同时创造9700万个新岗位，但要求劳动者掌握AI协作技能（如提示词工程）。麦肯锡研究显示客服、文书等重复性工作被替代风险超60%，而心理咨询师等情感密集型职业仅12%。 ② 算法偏见案例：2023年纽约法院禁用COMPAS再犯预测算法，因对黑人被告的误判率比白人高45%。亚马逊AI招聘工具曾系统性降分女性简历，因其训练数据以男性工程师为主。 ③ 社会孤独化趋势：美国卫生局长2023年警告"孤独流行病"，39%成年人感到严重孤独（较2018年上升13%）。日本"数码痴呆症"现象加剧，年轻人日均屏幕时间超9小时，面对面交流减少60%。 ④ 人机关系实验：斯坦福大学2024年研究发现，与AI聊天机器人建立情感依赖的用户，现实社交能力评估分数下降28%。但MIT实验显示，护理机器人ElliQ能降低老年人孤独感34%，引发伦理争议。 ⑤ 技术反制措施：欧盟《AI法案》要求情感识别系统必须标注"非人类交互"，加州立法禁止AI冒充人类进行心理咨询。日本推出"数字斋戒"应用，自动屏蔽算法推荐内容以促进真实社交。 ⑥ 神经科学视角：牛津大学脑成像研究揭示，人类大脑对AI生成关怀语句的共情反应强度仅为真人语句的17%，主要缺失前额叶皮层的情感共鸣激活。 【词汇延伸】 free up 释放，腾出 gun for 竭力争取；试图取代 tuck away 隐藏，搁置 blind (someone) to 使忽视，使看不清 pay attention to 关注，留意 高考真题链接 (2025·全国II卷·阅读理解B篇) Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford (LPCH). “Sometimes I don’t like saying that I’m a teacher,” says Ho. “People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do, but that’s not really what it is here.” “Here” is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students. The hospital school is free of parents, doctors, and medical procedures. It’s a place of learning. About half of Ho’s students stay for a week or less; others are there for more than a year. Most of Ho’s students will recover, which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care. Still, in room 386, academics don’t come first. Physical health and mental health are the priority. “If you’re scared about something and thinking only about that, there’s no way you’re going to be able to learn,” Ho says. “I’m a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher.” There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. “They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.” Ho recognizes the psychological benefit of helping kids keep up with their peers (同龄人) outside the hospital. “I actually think the medicine is only a small piece for some problems,” says Julie Good, director of pain management services at LPCH. “It’s about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life. Those kids have dreams. School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow.” 4. Who does Ho teach at LPCH? A. Sick children. B. Young nurses. C. Medical students. D. Patients’ parents. 5. What is a characteristic of Ho’s job? A. Prioritizing academics. B. Encouraging innovation. C. Treating various diseases. D. Playing multiple roles. 6. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? A. Offering regular lessons. B. Paying extra attention. C. Assigning no schoolwork. D. Showing no sympathy. 7. How does the hospital school benefit the students according to Good? A. It eases peer pressure. B. It helps them live in hope. C. It frees them from aches. D. It entertains them with stories. 【答案】4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Kathy Ho在斯坦福露西尔・帕卡德儿童医院（LPCH）担任教师的工作情况，介绍了医院学校学生的情况、她工作的特点以及医院学校对学生的益处。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中““Here” is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students. The hospital school is free of parents, doctors, and medical procedures. It’s a place of learning. About half of Ho’s students stay for a week or less; others are there for more than a year. Most of Ho’s students will recover, which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care. (“这里”指的是386 室，每年约有500名露西尔・帕卡德儿童医院（LPCH）的患者在这里成为学生。这所医院学校里没有家长、医生，也没有医疗程序。它是一个学习的地方。Ho老师的学生中，约有一半只待一周或更短时间，其他人则会待一年以上。大多数学生最终会康复，这意味着，帮助他们做好重返学校的准备正成为护理工作中日益重要的组成部分)” 可知，Ho在露西尔・帕卡德儿童医院（LPCH）教生病的孩子。故选A。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“I’m a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher. (我是一名教练、一名顾问和一名安慰者，这就是作为一名医院教师的意义)”可知，Ho工作的一个特点是扮演多种角色。故选D。 【6题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第四段划线词所在句“Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. (一些老师不给孩子们布置任何作业，而是表达同情。Ho说：“我觉得这对孩子们是一种伤害”)” 可推知，其中的“it”指的是不给孩子们布置作业这件事。故选C。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中Julie Good所说的“It’s about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life. Those kids have dreams. School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow. (这关乎围绕 “何为充实人生” 展开的问题解决。那些孩子拥有梦想，而学校能通过为他们提供学习与成长的途径，让这些梦想得以延续)”可推知，Good认为医院学校通过让孩子保持学习和成长，帮助他们维系梦想，即帮助他们生活在希望中。故选B。 1．Most of Ho’s students will recover, which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care. 抓标志：关系代词 which (引导非限制性定语从句)；从属连词 that (引导宾语从句)；动名词短语 preparing them to return to school (作主语) 判类型：主句：Most of Ho’s students will recover；which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。在定语从句中，that 引导的宾语从句 that preparing... component of care 作 means 的宾语。宾语从句的主语是动名词短语 preparing them to return to school。 试翻译：胡老师的大多数学生将会康复，这意味着，帮助他们做好准备重返学校，正日益成为其护理中越来越重要的一部分。 2．She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. 抓标志：不定式短语 to get... (作目的状语)；现在分词短语 being used... (作后置定语) 判类型：主句：She generally works with their regular teachers；不定式 to get lessons and tests 表示目的。现在分词被动式 being used at their home schools 作后置定语，修饰前面的 lessons and tests，表示“正在他们原学校被使用的”。 试翻译：她通常会与这些学生的常规老师合作，以获取他们原学校正在使用的课程和测试资料。 3. Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. 抓标志：分号 ; (连接两个并列分句)；instead (副词，表示转折) 判类型：这是由分号连接的并列复合句。第一个分句：Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments第二个分句：they express sympathy instead，其中 instead 明确表达了与常规做法（布置作业）相反的替代行为（只表达同情）。 试翻译：有些老师不给这些孩子布置任何作业；他们只是表达同情。 1.hospital school / hospital teacher医院学校 / 医院教师 2. patients also become students病人同时也成为学生 3.a place of learning 一个学习的地方 4. physical health and mental health身体健康与心理健康 5. pain management services疼痛管理服务 6. keep up with their peers跟上他们的同龄人 7. psychological benefit心理益处 8. a disservice to the kids对这些孩子是有害的 / 帮倒忙 9. keep those dreams alive让那些梦想保持活力 10. have a full life拥有充实的人生 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 290 本文主要讲述了作者努力在网球场上战胜哥哥的故事。 Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 308 文章主要讲述了作者12岁时随父亲和姑姑在法国旅行时，因语言不通在凡尔赛宫换乘火车时迷路，后被一位法国老人主动帮助、护送至正确车次且分文未取的温暖经历。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 347 文章提出了快乐并不能保证一个人就会健康的观点。还有其他因素影响一个人的健康和长寿，例如一个人的基因，甚至一个人的社会经济状况决定是否会健康。 Passage4 语法填空 议论文 204 到底是为了生活而工作，还是为了工作而生活，不同的人有不同的观点，作者就此问题发表了自己的观点。 Passage5 七选五 说明文 290 文章主要介绍了如何写高中作文。 Passage6 七选五 说明文 250 主要介绍了与陌生人交谈的一些好处。 Passage7 完形填空 记叙文 269 文章主要讲述了作者因未入选游泳队而感到压力，父亲让作者到厨房帮忙烤面包。 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·四川·期末）The title of “Aaron’s younger brother” was given to me at the age of six. It was a label stuck to me and all people had to do was to refer to the imaginary label and they would know how to address me. I wanted to defeat Aaron, whose fame had reduced me to a nameless tennis player. Then the day eventually approached. As I shook Aaron's hand at the start of the match, I stared at him with determination. “I’m going to beat you today.” I gathered the confidence to claim over the outcome of the match. Aaron laughed carelessly as he turned his back towards me. For a brief moment, I regretted that display of over-confidence. I nervously shifted my weight from one foot to the other. The tennis court seemed to stretch out further than usual. My sweaty hands tightened around my racket (球拍) — the fifth one passed down to me from Aaron. We entered into a heated fight. I was persevering as expected, and I was not sure how long it would take before I withdrew. We were down to the last round, neck and neck in points. I made a mistake, then Aaron leaped up, stretching his arm out. The sun cast his image over me, reminding me that I would always be walking in his shadow if I couldn’t prove myself. I readied myself for the finishing blow, images of Aaron’s past matches flooding through my mind. I recalled the habit of his hit in the World Tennis Tournament, extending my arm to the left in anticipation of where the ball was going to land. The ball made contact with my racket and was lobbed(吊高球) over Aaron’s head. He could do nothing but witness his undefeated status being erased by his younger brother. While I was still enjoying the unfamiliar feeling of victory, a man whom I recognised from a professional club approached me. “What is your name, son?” he asked. A smile spread across my face. 1. What used to trouble the writer? A. The longing for recognition. B. The eagerness to bear labels. C. The desire to be a tennis player. D. The hardship of physical training. 2. How did the writer feel at the beginning of the match? A. Defeated. B. Anxious. C. Optimistic. D. Honored. 3. What can we learn about Aaron from paragraph 4? A. He adopted his usual trick in the match. B. He purchased a tennis racket for the writer. C. He had an obvious advantage in the last round. D. He withdrew from the World Tennis Tournament. 4. Which is the best title for the text? A. The Price for One Mistake B. From Nobody to Somebody C. Why Brotherhood Matters D. Aaron's Last-minute Victory 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者努力在网球场上战胜哥哥的故事。 1.细节理解题。根据第一段中“The title of “Aaron’s younger brother” was given to me at the age of six. It was a label stuck to me and all people had to do was to refer to the imaginary label and they would know how to address me. I wanted to defeat Aaron, whose fame had reduced me to a nameless tennis player. Then the day eventually approached.(“亚伦的弟弟”的称号是在我六岁的时候给我的。这是一个贴在我身上的标签，人们所要做的就是引用这个想象中的标签，他们就会知道如何称呼我。我想打败亚伦，他的名气让我变成了一个无名的网球运动员。然后这一天终于来临了。)”可知，哥哥的名气一直困扰着我，我非常渴望被认可，故选A项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“As I shook Aaron’s hand at the start of the match, I stared at him with determination. “I’m going to beat you today.” I gathered the confidence to claim over the outcome of the match.( 比赛开始时，当我和亚伦握手时，我坚定地看着他。“我今天要打败你。”我鼓起信心宣布比赛结果。) ”可知，作者在比赛开始时是非常乐观的，故选C项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“I recalled the habit of his hit in the World Tennis Tournament, extending my arm to the left in anticipation of where the ball was going to land. The ball made contact with my racket and was lobbed(吊高球) over Aaron’s head. He could do nothing but witness his undefeated status being erased by his younger brother.(我回忆起他在世界网球锦标赛上击球的习惯，向左边伸出手臂，期待着球落在那里。球碰到了我的球拍，从亚伦的头上被抛了过去。他只能目睹自己的不败地位被弟弟抹去。)”可知，亚伦采用了往常的技巧，被作者预估到，提前采取了措施，故选A项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The title of “Aaron’s younger brother” was given to me at the age of six. It was a label stuck to me and all people had to do was to refer to the imaginary label and they would know how to address me. I wanted to defeat Aaron, whose fame had reduced me to a nameless tennis player. Then the day eventually approached.(“亚伦的弟弟”的称号是在我六岁的时候给我的。这是一个贴在我身上的标签，人们所要做的就是引用这个想象中的标签，他们就会知道如何称呼我。我想打败亚伦，他的名气让我变成了一个无名的网球运动员。然后这一天终于来临了。)以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者从小就生活在哥哥亚伦的光环下，被贴上了“亚伦的弟弟”的标签，作者不断努力并最终在球场上打破了哥哥不败的神话，得到了大家的认可的故事，B项“从无名小卒到大人物”概括文章主旨，适合作为标题，故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·浙江S9联盟·期中）At 12, my father decided to take me a trip to France. I had never been out of the country before, so I was very excited. My aunt, my father and I went around with my father showing us all the unbelievable attractions in Paris. None of us spoke much French but we loved the city. We had taken the subway all over the city and were congratulating ourselves on our understanding of what is honestly a good subway design that is pretty easy to follow. We decided to visit Versailles by train. We chatted happily along the way until my father realized we were far into the French countryside and no one around spoke English. We reached the end of the line and felt frightened when everyone finally left the train. An old man and his grandchild noticed us and came up to help. He spoke no English, so in broken French we tried to explain. When he finally understood, this great man settled his grandson and showed us to the correct train and then got on it with us. Later we knew the truth that there was a train transfer(换乘)and he didn’t want us to miss it. This kind man rode a train an hour and a half out of his way to make sure that three Americans got where they wanted to be. He refused to let us pay for his ticket. He did it all with a gentle smile and shook our hands gently at the stop. Then with his quiet way, he got on the train to return the way he had come. What impressed me most was the man and his kindness during the amazing trip. Some Americans think the French are rude for some reason, but I always try to make them change their minds with this story. 1. Why was the author excited about the trip to France? A. He could see unbelievable attractions. B. He had never been abroad before. C. He could take the subway all over the city. D. He could go around with his aunt and father. 2. What happened to the author and his family on the train? A. They were lost in the French countryside. B. They had a quarrel with the other passengers. C. They found it hard to understand the subway design. D. They met an old man and his grandchild immediately. 3. The old man helped them ________. A. by paying for their tickets B. by teaching them some French C. by showing them the correct train D. by taking them to Versailles directly 4. What’s the purpose of the author’s writing the passage? A. To show the importance of learning a foreign language. B. To explain an unexpected problem and offer practical tips for future travelers. C. To share an unforgettable foreign experience that left a deep impression on him. D. To list the unbelievable attractions in Paris through personal travel experiences. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者12岁时随父亲和姑姑在法国旅行时，因语言不通在凡尔赛宫换乘火车时迷路，后被一位法国老人主动帮助、护送至正确车次且分文未取的温暖经历。 1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“At 12, my father decided to take me a trip to France. I had never been out of the country before, so I was very excited.(在我12岁的时候，父亲决定带我去法国旅行。我以前从未出过国，所以我非常兴奋。)”可知，作者12岁时父亲决定带他去法国旅行，因为他以前从未出过国，所以感到非常兴奋。故选B。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“We decided to visit Versailles by train. We chatted happily along the way until my father realized we were far into the French countryside and no one around spoke English.(我们决定乘火车去参观凡尔赛宫。一路上我们开心地聊着天，直到父亲意识到我们已经深入到了法国的乡村地区，而周围没有一个人会说英语。)”以及第三段“We reached the end of the line and felt frightened when everyone finally left the train.(我们到达了线路的终点站，当最后所有人都下了火车时，我们感到很害怕。)”可知，作者一家决定乘火车去参观凡尔赛宫，一路上开心地聊天，直到父亲意识到他们已经深入法国乡村，周围没人说英语，并且到达线路终点站时，大家都下车了，他们感到害怕。这表明他们在火车上坐过站，在法国乡村迷路了。故选A。 3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“An old man and his grandchild noticed us and came up to help. He spoke no English, so in broken French we tried to explain. When he finally understood, this great man settled his grandson and showed us to the correct train and then got on it with us.(一位老人和他的孙子注意到了我们，便走上前来帮忙。他不会说英语，所以我们用蹩脚的法语努力向他解释。当他终于明白后，这位善良的老人安顿好他的孙子，然后带我们找到了正确的火车，接着还和我们一起上了车。)”以及第四段“Later we knew the truth that there was a train transfer(换乘)and he didn’t want us to miss it. This kind man rode a train an hour and a half out of his way to make sure that three Americans got where they wanted to be. He refused to let us pay for his ticket.(后来我们才知道，原来要换乘火车，他是不想让我们错过换乘。这位善良的人特意多坐了一个半小时的火车，就为了确保三个美国人能到达他们想去的地方。他不让我们为他的车票付钱。)”可知，老人特意多坐了一个半小时的火车把作者一行人带到了目的地——凡尔赛宫。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“What impressed me most was the man and his kindness during the amazing trip. Some Americans think the French are rude for some reason, but I always try to make them change their minds with this story.(在这次奇妙的旅行中，给我留下最深刻印象的是那位老人以及他的善良。出于某些原因，有些美国人认为法国人很粗鲁，但我总是试图用这个故事让他们改变看法。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者12岁时和父亲、姑姑去法国旅行，在乘火车去凡尔赛宫的途中迷路，后得到一位不会说英语的法国老人帮助的经历。作者着重描述了老人的善良以及这段经历给自己留下的深刻印象，最后提到想用这个故事改变一些美国人认为法国人粗鲁的看法。因此作者写这篇文章的目的是分享一段给他留下深刻印象的难忘的国外经历。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·浙江杭州·阶段练习）Does a happy person live longer? Many studies have convinced us that happiness brings good health, which has resulted in an increasing demand for speakers and products encouraging positive thinking. However, being happy does not promise that one is going to be healthy. There are other factors that influence one’s health and long life such as a person’s genes or even a person’s socio-economic condition. Some research even suggests that positive thinking can be dangerous. Positive thinking, when taken to the extreme, can cause a person to be separated from reality. For example, a person who thinks that staying happy and positive can help him recover from an illness like cancer but later fails to recover from it, may blame himself for not being happy. In this case, positive thinking may potentially make the victim disregard other factors. Sometimes the pursuit of happiness is even associated with serious mental health problems such as depression. All types of happiness are not good for us either. For example, pride, a pleasant feeling, can sometimes rob us of the ability to empathize with others or understand another’s viewpoint. This anti-social behavior can cause people around us to turn away from us, and this could, in turn, make us feel lonely and do harm to our mental and even physical health. Moreover, unpleasant feelings can be beneficial to a person’s well-being. Researchers believe that unpleasant feelings can help us make sense of our challenges and experiences in a way that supports psychological well-being. For example, if I have behaved badly towards my good friend, the feelings of guilt and sadness might motivate me to apologize and ask for forgiveness. The rebuilding of a broken relationship can be a lift to one’s mental well-being. In trying to experience happiness, we should remember that seeking for happiness as an end in itself can be self-defeating, and does not necessarily lead to better health. After all, one will surely experience setbacks and conflicts in life. Instead, learning to cope with negative emotions with a realistic positive attitude is key to a person’s good health. 1. What’s the writer’s opinion in this passage? A. Negative thinking can be dangerous. B. Staying happy can bring good health. C. Unpleasant feelings cannot be beneficial. D. Happiness cannot ensure one’s good health. 2. When can positive thinking be dangerous according to the passage? A. When we use it with a realistic attitude to solve problems. B. When we focus on it as an only determinant of happy life. C. When we think it one of the necessary factor for good health. D. When we realize it may rob us of the ability to understand others. 3. How can unpleasant feelings be beneficial to a person’s well-being? A. They rebuild a broken relationship. B. They lead to self-reflection and personal growth. C. They help keep the problems and challenges away. D. They prevent long-term negative effects on mental health. 4. Which of the following has the similar meaning of “an end in itself”? A. An ultimate goal. B. An individual plan. C. A final decision. D. A great start. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. B 4. A 【导语】本文是说明文。文章提出了快乐并不能保证一个人就会健康的观点。还有其他因素影响一个人的健康和长寿，例如一个人的基因，甚至一个人的社会经济状况决定是否会健康。学会用现实的积极态度应对消极情绪是一个人健康的关键。 1.细节理解题。根据第一段“However, being happy does not promise that one is going to be healthy. There are other factors that influence one’s health and long life such as a person’s genes or even a person’s socio-economic condition.”（然而，快乐并不能保证一个人就会健康。还有其他因素影响一个人的健康和长寿，例如一个人的基因，甚至一个人的社会经济状况。）可知，文章中作者认为快乐并不能保证一个人的健康。故选D。 2.细节理解题。根据第二段“Some research even suggests that positive thinking can be dangerous. Positive thinking, when taken to the extreme, can cause a person to be separated from reality. For example, a person who thinks that staying happy and positive can help him recover from an illness like cancer but later fails to recover from it, may blame himself for not being happy. In this case, positive thinking may potentially make the victim disregard other factors.”（一些研究甚至表明，积极思考可能是危险的。当走向极端时，积极的思考会导致一个人脱离现实。例如，一个人认为保持快乐和积极可以帮助他从癌症等疾病中恢复过来，但后来却无法恢复，他可能会责怪自己不快乐。在这种情况下，积极的思考可能会使受害者忽视其他因素。）可知，当我们将积极思考视为幸福生活的唯一决定因素时，积极思考可能是危险的。故选B。 3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Moreover, unpleasant feelings can be beneficial to a person’s well-being. Researchers believe that unpleasant feelings can help us make sense of our challenges and experiences in a way that supports psychological well-being. For example, if I have behaved badly towards my good friend, the feelings of guilt and sadness might motivate me to apologize and ask for forgiveness. The rebuilding of a broken relationship can be a lift to one’s mental well-being.”（此外，不愉快的感觉可能对一个人的健康有益。研究人员认为，不愉快的感觉可以帮助我们以一种支持心理健康的方式理解我们的挑战和经历。例如，如果我对我的好朋友表现不好，内疚和悲伤的感觉可能会促使我道歉并请求原谅。重建一段破裂的关系可以提升一个人的精神健康。）可知，不愉快的感觉能导致自我反思和个人成长，这有益于一个人的幸福。故选B。 4.词句猜测题。根据第一段“However, being happy does not promise that one is going to be healthy. There are other factors that influence one’s health and long life such as a person’s genes or even a person’s socio-economic condition. (然而，快乐并不意味着一个人就会健康。还有其他因素会影响一个人的健康和长寿，例如一个人的基因，甚至一个人的社会经济状况。)”可知，快乐不一定会让我们健康，我们不能把追求快乐当作目的。以及二段说到积极思想有时很危险，第三段说不是所有的快乐都对我们有好处，最后一段“In trying to experience happiness, we should remember that seeking for happiness as an end in itself can be self-defeating, and does not necessarily lead to better health. After all, one will surely experience setbacks and conflicts in life. Instead, learning to cope with negative emotions with a realistic positive attitude is key to a person’s good health.”（在尝试体验快乐的过程中，我们应该记住，把追求快乐作为an end in itself可能会弄巧成拙，也不一定会带来更好的健康。毕竟，一个人在生活中肯定会遇到挫折和冲突。相反，学会用现实的积极态度应对消极情绪是一个人健康的关键）可知，不要把追求快乐当作目的，an end in itself是“目的”的意思，近义词是An ultimate goal表示“一个最终目标”。故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·江苏南通·阶段考）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Living in a ____1____ (high) competitive society, the idea that the purpose of life is to work is popular or even dominant. Most bread earners believe that ____2____ (finance) guarantee is more realistic and important for a person and for his family. So they take it for granted ____3____ devoting to work is the most reasonable and worthy thing to do. Nevertheless, ____4____ (object) think that work is only a means to have a better life. They argue that there are more important things than work in life, such as friends, personal interests, social ____5____ (responsible) and so on. They think that life will be dull and ____6____ (meaning) with work as its aim. In my opinion, we should strike a balance ____7____ work and life. On the one hand, to be a diligent worker is necessary and meaningful. On the other hand, we should not be workaholic, or we will lose many such significant things in life ____8____ love and friendship. Wherever life takes us and whatever choices ____9____ (lay) out before us, something worth ____10____ (remember) is that our work, when done well, will not only help us make a living but also help make a life for ourselves and for others. 【答案】1. highly 2. financial 3. that 4. objectors 5. responsibilities 6. meaningless 7. between 8. as 9. are laid 10. remembering 【导语】这是一篇议论文。到底是为了生活而工作，还是为了工作而生活，不同的人有不同的观点，作者就此问题发表了自己的观点。 1.考查副词。句意：生活在一个竞争激烈的社会，认为生活的目的是为了工作的想法很流行，甚至占主导地位。分析句子可知，设空处修饰形容词competitive，需用副词。故填highly。 2.考查形容词。句意：大多数挣工资的人认为，经济保障对一个人及其家庭来说更现实、更重要。分析句子可知，设空处修饰名词guarantee，需用形容词作定语。故填financial。 3.考查宾语从句连接词。句意：因此，他们理所当然地认为，献身于工作是最合理和最有价值的事情。分析句子结构可知，本句中的it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是设空处引导的宾语从句，连接词在从句中不作成分，无词义，因而用that引导。故填that。 4.考查名词。句意：尽管如此，反对者认为，工作只是拥有更好生活的一种手段。分析句子可知，设空处需填入名词作主句的主语，由主句谓语动词think可知，此处需填入名词复数。故填objectors。 5.考查名词。句意：他们认为生活中有比工作更重要的事情，比如朋友、个人兴趣、社会责任等等。根据such as后的friends和personal interests可知，设空处需填入名词，responsibility为可数名词。故填responsibilities。 6.考查形容词。句意：他们认为，以工作为目标，生活将变得枯燥无意义。分析句子可知，连词and连接设空处与形容词dull，作表语，因而需填入形容词，由句意可知，meaningless“无意义的”符合句意。故填meaningless。 7.考查介词。句意：在我看来，我们应该在工作和生活之间取得平衡。分析句子结构，根据work and life可知，介词between“介于……之间”符合句意。故填between。 8.考查介词。句意：另一方面，我们不应该成为工作狂，否则我们会失去生活中许多重要的东西，比如爱情和友谊。由such及名词love and friendship可知，设空处缺少介词，表示列举，as符合句意。故填as。 9.考查时态和语态。句意：无论生活将我们带到哪里，无论摆在我们面前的是什么样的选择，值得记住的是，当我们的工作做好后，不仅会帮助我们谋生，还会帮助我们自己和他人创造生活。分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少从句的谓语部分，根据主句时态可知从句时态为一般现在时，动词lay与choices之间是被动关系，因而需用被动语态。故填 are laid。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：无论生活将我们带到哪里，无论摆在我们面前的是什么样的选择，值得记住的是，当我们的工作做好后，不仅会帮助我们谋生，还会帮助我们自己和他人创造生活。短语worth doing表示“值得去做”。故填remembering。 Passage5 （24-25高一下·浙江·阶段考） How to Write Any High School Essay Writing an essay is an important basic skill that you will need to succeed in high school, college, and beyond. With a well-done preparation stage, you can easily write an essay for any topic! Choose an essay style and topic if you haven’t already been assigned one. Check the specific standard for your essay as provided by your teacher. ____1____ Once you come up with a topic and essay format, make sure you know the required length and deadline for your assignment and go to your teacher with any outstanding questions. Do preliminary research on your essay’s topic. Look through primary and secondary sources that are related to your chosen topic. ____2____ Organize and save this information so you can revisit it once you start writing your essay. Create an arguable essay statement for your essay. ____3____ And it’s needed to both guide your writing and help the reader understand your essay. Use the research and knowledge you have on your topic to come up with a thesis statement. Write the thesis in one clear and concise sentence. And make sure your point is arguable and not just a general thought or idea. . ____4____ Write an outline to plan out the overall structure and content of your essay. Your specific outline will depend on the type of essay that you’ re writing, but most high school essays include a five-paragraph structure with an introductory paragraph, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Find reliable sources that support your argument. ____5____ Instead, look for scholarly articles, lab research, or general news sources for the most accurate information. Find books published by large published by large published by ha t support your arguments as well. A. Make an outline for the paragraphs in your essay. B. Avoid using personal blogs or websites that are one-sided. C. Many schools offer online databases with reliable information. D. Take notes and find connections among the information you find. E. The statement summarizes the main idea or argument of your essay. F. If you need help writing a good essay, turn to the Internet for guidance. G. Your teacher may have offered the types and topics you can choose from. 【答案】1. G 2. D 3. E 4. A 5. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何写高中作文。 1.上文“Choose an essay style and topic if you haven’t already been assigned one. Check the specific standard for your essay as provided by your teacher.(如果你还没有被指定写作风格和主题，选择一个。检查你的老师提供的文章的具体标准。)”和下文“Once you come up with a topic and essay format, make sure you know the required length and deadline for your assignment and go to your teacher with any outstanding questions.(一旦你想出了一个主题和文章的格式，确保你知道你的作业要求的长度和截止日期，并带着任何悬而未决的问题去找你的老师。)”说明此处谈论文章类型和主题，选项“G.你的老师可能已经提供了你可以选择的类型和主题。”承上启下，符合题意。故选G项。 2. 上文“Look through primary and secondary sources that are related to your chosen topic.(浏览与你所选主题相关的第一手和第二手资料。)”和下文“Organize and save this information so you can revisit it once you start writing your essay.(整理和保存这些信息，以便你可以在开始写文章时重新审视它。)”说明此部分有关整理信息，选项“D.做笔记，找出你所找到的信息之间的联系。”符合题意。故选D项。 3. 上文“Create an arguable essay statement for your essay.(为你的文章创建一个有争议的论点陈述。)”说明此处有关观点和论述，选项“E.这句话概括了你文章的主要观点或论点。”承接上文，符合题意。故选E项。 4. 下文“Write an outline to plan out the overall structure and content of your essay. (写一个大纲来规划你的文章的整体结构和内容。)”说明此处有关写提纲，选项“A.为你的文章的段落写一个提纲。”符合题意。故选A项。 5.上文“Find reliable sources that support your argument.(找到支持你的论点的可靠来源。)”和下文“Instead, look for scholarly articles, lab research, or general news sources for the most accurate information. Find books published by large published by large published by ha t support your arguments as well.(相反，寻找学术文章，实验室研究，或一般新闻来源的最准确的信息。找一些大型出版社出版的书籍来支持你的论点。)”说明找到可靠的来源和准确信息，不要使用片面的信息，选项“B.避免使用片面的个人博客或网站。”符合题意。故选B项。 Passage6 （24-25高一下·云南开远·期末）Do you remember those times when your mother told you to avoid talking to strangers? But now you’re not a child anymore. In fact, there are many advantages of talking to strangers. ●You can meet a really great person Talking to a stranger is a good habit because you never know whom you may meet. ____1____. You can also meet someone who will give you a chance to get your dream job. ●____2____. You have some opinion about different subjects and you know your friends’ and relatives’points of view about them, too. But there are millions of other people who think differently and can give you unpredictable yet smart ideas that will broaden your horizons. ●You can improve your social skills. ____3____. Asking appropriate questions and attentive listening are two skills that many of us don’t have. You can better these skills when talking to a stranger. ●You can cheer someone up. The thing you’ll definitely like about talking to strangers is that you can make someone’s day better. ____4____. Praise people and they will think something pleasant about you. Having a sweet short dialogue is one of those perfect chances to make people cheerful. ●You can find the solutions you didn’t know about Talking to someone you don’t know is all about finding out something you didn’t know. You may have some problems that you can’t solve for a long time. However, someone you suddenly meet can figure out the right solution you didn’t even think about before. ____5____. A. You can expand your world view. B. Smile and people will smile in return. C. Why not speak to someone until your turn comes? D. It may be the help you needed to get a long time ago. E. You shouldn’t miss these unexpected chances of meeting people. F. You can meet a person who will become your best friend in the future. G. Whatever social skills you have, you can make them better when talking to strangers. 【答案】1. F 2. A 3. G 4. B 5. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了与陌生人交谈的一些好处。 1.根据该段标题“You can meet a really great person.”（你会遇到一个很棒的人。）引出话题，提到遇到一个很棒的人。以及下文“You can also meet someone who will give you a chance to get your dream job.”（你也可以遇到一个人，他会给你一个机会得到你梦想的工作。）说明遇到的另一个很棒的人。由此可推知，空格处内容为遇到其中之一很棒的人。结合选项F项“You can meet a person who will become your best friend in the future.（你会遇到一个人，他将来会成为你最好的朋友。）”符合此推断，上下文紧密连接，符合语境。故选F项。 2. 由该题为段落小标题可知，为总结该段内容。该段下文“You have some opinion about different subjects and you know your friends’ and relatives’ points of view about them, too. But there are millions of other people who think differently and can give you unpredictable yet smart ideas that will broaden your horizons.”（你对不同的主题有一些看法，你也知道你的朋友和亲戚对他们的看法。但是还有成千上万的人有不同的想法，他们可以给你意想不到的聪明想法，开阔你的视野。）可知，讲的是与陌生人交谈可能会给你意想不到的观点，开阔你的视野。结合选项A项“You can expand your world view.（你可以扩展你的世界观。）”意思一致，为总结该段内容。故选A项。 3. 根据本段标题“You can improve your social skills.”（你可以提高你的社交技能。）可知，本段讨论的是“与陌生人交谈对提高社交技能的作用”。结合选项G项“Whatever social skills you have, you can make them better when talking to strangers.（无论你有什么社交技巧，你都可以在与陌生人交谈时让它们变得更好。）”和本段主旨内容一致，上下文语意连贯，符合语境。故选G项。 4. 根据本段标题“You can cheer someone up.”（你可以让别人高兴起来。）引出话题，提到让别人高兴起来。以及下文“Praise people and they will think something pleasant about you.”（赞美别人，他们就会对你有好感。）由此可知，本段谈论的是，与陌生人交谈可以让别人开心。结合选项B项“Smile and people will smile in return.（微笑，别人也会报以微笑。）”和本段内容主旨一致，起到上下文的承上启下作用，符合语境。故选B项。 5. 根据上文“However, someone you suddenly meet can figure out the right solution you didn’t even think about before.”（然而，你突然遇到的某个人可以想出你以前甚至没有想过的正确解决方案。）讲的是别人提供帮助，给你解决方案。结合选项D项“It may be the help you needed to get a long time ago.（这可能是你很久以前就需要的帮助。）”承接上文内容，为上文内容的语意递进，上下文紧密连接。故选D项。 Passage 7 （24-25高一下·云南宝山·阶段练习）My dad is a car mechanic, which involves lots of heavy lifting, tightening, shaking, and banging. He doesn’t seem like the kind of guy who would ____1____ great bread, but he is and he does. I’ve been feeling kind of stressed out myself since I found out I didn’t ____2____ for the swim team. Now I’ll have to wait a whole year to ____3____ again; that might be a million years as well. I was feeling ____4____ and Dad knew it. Last Saturday he asked me to ____5____ in the kitchen. Giving me an apron and getting out his mixing bowl he told me to stir while he added the ____6____ . Then he showed me how to knead (揉) the dough (生面团), which took ten minutes and ____7____ energy. Next came the most difficult and surprising part — ____8____ nothing. We waited for more than an hour and saw the dough slowly ____9____ and double in size. After that, to let the _____10_____ out, we kneaded the risen dough down, divided it in two and _____11_____ for another hour. “It’s hard to _____12_____ putting the dough directly into the oven, but if you do, the bread will be tough. The most important lesson of all is learning to be _____13_____ ,” Dad explained. While we waited, we sat and talked. As the flour dust in the kitchen _____14_____ , time seemed to slow down. The dough was going to rise at its own _____15_____ , so was I. My father taught me how to bake bread, but I think I learned something more. 1. A. buy B. eat C. bake D. earn 2. A. apply B. fight C. prepare D. qualify 3. A. try out B. look out C. catch up D. open up 4. A. shame B. pressure C. exhaustion D. confusion 5. A. assist B. behave C. recover D. experiment 6. A. challenges B. ingredients C. variations D. stimulations 7. A. valuable B. available C. considerable D. miserable 8. A. doing B. using C. changing D. smelling 9. A. crack B. bend C. swell D. flatten 10. A. air B. flour C. water D. steam 11. A. competed B. operated C. focused D. waited 12. A. imagine B. tolerate C. enjoy D. resist 13. A. humble B. patient C. realistic D. disciplined 14. A. exploded B. settled C. gathered D. remained 15. A. will B. game C. ease D. pace 【参考答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. A 11. D 12. D 13. B 14. B 15. D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因未入选游泳队而感到压力，父亲让作者到厨房帮忙烤面包。在烤面包的过程中，父亲展示了制作面包的各个步骤，包括搅拌原料、揉面、等待面团发酵等，同时父亲借此教导作者要有耐心，作者也从中学到了比烤面包更重要的东西，明白了自己也会像面团一样按自己的节奏成长。 1.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他看起来不像是那种会烘焙出美味面包的人，但他确实是这样的人，而且他也确实能做到。A. buy买；B. eat吃；C. bake烤；D. earn挣。根据下文 “My father taught me how to bake bread”可知，此处说父亲看起来不像是会烤出很棒面包的人。故选C。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：自从我发现自己没有资格加入游泳队以来，我自己也一直感到有些压力。A. apply申请；B. fight打架；C. prepare准备；D. qualify取得资格。根据下文“Now I’ll have to wait a whole year to ____3____ again”可知，作者是没有获得资格加入游泳队。故选D。 3. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在我得等整整一年才能再次参加选拔；这一年感觉也可能像一百万年那么久。A. try out参加选拔；B. look out小心；C. catch up赶上；D. open up开放。根据上文“I found out I didn’t ____2____ for the swim team”可知，因为没入选游泳队，所以要等一年再去参加选拔。故选A。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感到压力很大，而爸爸知道这一点。A. shame羞耻；B. pressure压力；C. exhaustion筋疲力尽；D. confusion困惑。根据上文“I’ve been feeling kind of stressed out myself”可知，作者感到压力很大。故选B。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：上周六，他让我到厨房帮忙。A. assist帮助；B. behave举止端正；C. recover恢复；D. experiment做实验。根据下文“Giving me an apron and getting out his mixing bowl, he told me to stir while he added the ____6____ .”可知，父亲让作者到厨房帮忙。故选A。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他给了我一条围裙，拿出他的搅拌碗，让我搅拌，而他则添加制作面包的原料。A. challenges挑战；B. ingredients原料；C. variations变化；D. stimulations刺激。根据上文“he told me to stir while he added the”可知，在做面包时，父亲让作者搅拌，他自己添加原料。故选B。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后他教我如何揉面团，这花了十分钟，而且需要相当大的力气。A. valuable有价值的；B. available可获得的；C. considerable相当大的；D. miserable悲惨的。根据上文“which took ten minutes”可知，揉面团需要相当大的力气。故选C。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：接下来是最困难和最令人惊讶的部分——什么也不做。A. doing做；B. using使用；C. changing改变；D. smelling闻。根据下文“We waited for more than an hour”可知，接下来作者他们什么也不做，只是等待。故选A。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们等了一个多小时，看到面团慢慢地膨胀，体积变成了原来的两倍。A. crack破裂；B. bend弯曲；C. swell膨胀；D. flatten变平。根据下文“double in size”可知，面团膨胀，体积翻倍。故选C。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那之后，为了排出里面的空气，我们把发起来的面团再揉下去，把它分成两块，然后再等一个小时。A. air空气；B. flour面粉；C. water水；D. steam蒸汽。根据上文“we kneaded the risen dough down”可知，在面团发酵后，把发起来的面团再揉下去是为了排出空气。故选A。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那之后，为了排出里面的空气，我们把发起来的面团再揉下去，把它分成两块，然后再等一个小时。A. competed竞争；B. operated操作；C. focused集中；D. waited等待。根据下文“While we waited”可知，之后还要再等一个小时。故选D。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“很难忍住不把面团直接放进烤箱，但是如果你这么做了，面包就会很坚硬。最重要的一课就是要学会有耐心。”爸爸解释道。A. imagine想象；B. tolerate忍受；C. enjoy享受；D. resist抵抗。根据下文“putting the dough directly into the oven, but if you do, the bread will be tough.”可知，很难抗拒直接把面团放进烤箱的冲动，但这样面包会很硬。故选D。 13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“很难忍住不把面团直接放进烤箱，但是如果你这么做了，面包就会很坚硬。最重要的一课就是要学会有耐心。”爸爸解释道。A. humble谦逊的；B. patient耐心的；C. realistic现实的；D. disciplined守纪律的。根据上文内容可知，做面包过程中需要多次等待，比如等待面团发酵等，所以最重要的一课是学会耐心。故选B。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着厨房里面粉的灰尘落定，时间似乎也慢了下来。A. exploded爆炸；B. settled安定；C. gathered聚集；D. remained保持。根据下文“time seemed to slow down.”可知，面粉尘土落定时，时间似乎慢了下来。故选B。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：面团会按照它自己的节奏膨胀，我也会按照自己的节奏成长。A. will意愿；B. game游戏；C. ease舒适；D. pace速度。根据上文“The dough was going to rise at its own”可知，面团会按照自己的速度膨胀，作者也会按照自己的节奏成长。故选D。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $