内容正文:
2026高考英语二轮主谓一致专题复习
一、 高考核心知识点梳理
(一)主谓一致三大核心原则
核心定义:主谓一致指谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致,高考考查集中于语法一致、意义一致、就近一致三大原则。
1. 语法一致原则
① 功能:主语的形式单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式,是主谓一致的基础规则。
② 核心规则:单数主语接单数谓语;复数主语接复数谓语;不可数名词作主语,谓语用单数。
③ 特殊拓展:
each/every + 单数名词 作主语,谓语用单数;
each/every + 单数名词 + and + each/every + 单数名词 结构作主语,谓语用单数(强调个体独立性)。
④ 高考真题例句(2025·新课标I卷改编):Every boy and every girl in the class is required to take part in the sports meeting.
2. 意义一致原则
① 功能:谓语动词的单复数依据主语所表达的实际语义判定,而非形式上的单复数。
② 核心规则(高考高频):
◆集体名词(family, class, team, committee, police等)作主语,强调整体时谓语用单数,强调个体成员时谓语用复数;
◆ 时间、距离、金钱、重量等复数名词作主语,视为单一整体时谓语用单数;
◆ the + 形容词 结构:表一类人时(the poor, the old)谓语用复数;表抽象概念时(the beautiful, the impossible)谓语用单数;
◆ 分数/百分数 + of + 名词 作主语,谓语单复数由of后的名词单复数决定(可数复数→复数谓语;不可数/可数单数→单数谓语)。
③ 高考真题例句(2024·全国卷II改编):The family are having dinner together happily, talking about their travel plan.(强调个体成员)
3. 就近一致原则
① 功能:谓语动词的单复数由靠近它的主语决定,与主语的整体位置无关。
② 核心结构(高考全覆盖):
◆ either...or...; neither...nor...; not only...but also...; not...but... 连接两个主语时,遵循就近原则;
◆ there be/here be 句型中,be动词的单复数与be后的主语一致。
③ 高考真题例句(2023·新课标卷I改编):Not only the teacher but also his students like playing basketball after class.(谓语与students保持一致)
(二)主谓一致三大高频考点变形(高考重难点)
1. 集体名词的主谓一致判定
① 判定技巧:看语境强调“整体属性”还是“个体动作”
◆ 强调整体(视为一个单位)→ 谓语单数;例:Our team is the champion of the football match.
◆ 强调个体(成员的具体动作)→ 谓语复数;例:The team are celebrating their victory in the stadium.
② 真题原型(2024·天津卷):The class was divided into four groups to carry out the experiment.(强调整体)
2. 数量短语作主语的主谓一致
① 核心短语及规则(高考必背):
a number of + 复数名词; 意义:许多; 谓语动词:复数
the number of + 复数名词 ; 意义:……的数量; 谓语动词: 单数
a quantity of + 可数复数 ; 意义:一些 ; 谓语动词:复数
a quantity of + 不可数名词 ; 意义:一些 ; 谓语动词:复单数
quantities of + 可数/不可数名词;意义: 大量; 谓语动词:复数
② 真题原型(2025·浙江卷):A number of new books have been bought for the school library this term.
3. 并列主语的主谓一致
① 核心规则:
◆ and连接两个单数名词表同一人/物/概念时,谓语用单数;表不同人/物时,谓语用复数;
◆ and连接的两个名词前有each, every, no等修饰时,谓语用单数。
② 真题原型(2023·全国甲卷改编):A doctor and writer is going to give us a lecture on health next week.(指同一人)
(三)主谓一致的特殊考法(2025模拟新增考点)
1. 不定代词作主语的主谓一致
① 核心不定代词:someone, anyone, everyone, no one, nothing, everything, something等,作主语时谓语一律用单数。
② 拓展:none of + 复数名词/代词 作主语时,谓语单复数均可;none of + 不可数名词 作主语时,谓语用单数。
③ 高考真题例句(2024·新课标I卷改编):Nothing is more important than health in our daily life.
2. 分隔式主语的主谓一致(就远原则)
① 定义:主语与谓语之间被插入语(as well as, together with, along with, including等短语)隔开。
② 解题关键:插入语不影响主语的单复数,谓语仍需与核心主语保持一致。
③ 高考真题例句(2025·浙江卷改编):Tom, together with his parents, goes to the park every Sunday.(核心主语是Tom)
二、 高考高频考点与易错点突破
(一)高频考点清单(近5年考查频次)
1. 语法一致与意义一致的混合判定:每年必考,涉及语法填空、短文改错题型
2. 就近一致原则的典型结构:每年必考,涉及语法填空、单选题型
3. a number of / the number of 的辨析:4考,涉及语法填空、短文改错题型
4. 集体名词的主谓一致:3考,涉及语法填空、阅读理解题型
(二)易错点辨析(丢分重灾区)
1. 集体名词的单复数判定误区
① 易错表现:忽略语境,直接将集体名词视为单数或复数。
② 纠正技巧:看谓语动词后的动作是“整体完成”还是“个体成员分别完成”。
◆ 正确例句:The government is making new policies to improve people’s life.(整体动作)
◆ 错误例句:The family is watching TV when the doorbell rang.(应改为are,强调成员同时进行的动作)
2. 插入语干扰的主谓一致误区
① 易错表现:误将as well as, together with等短语后的名词当作主语。
② 纠正技巧:去掉插入语,直接找句子的核心主语。
◆正确例句:My brother, as well as his friends, likes playing football.(核心主语是my brother)
◆错误例句:She, along with her classmates, are going to the cinema.(应改为is)
3. 分数/百分数作主语的主谓一致误区
① 易错表现:直接根据分数/百分数的单复数判定谓语,忽略of后的名词。
② 纠正技巧:谓语单复数由of后的名词性质决定(可数复数→复数谓语;不可数/可数单数→单数谓语)。
◆正确例句:Two thirds of the land is covered with water.(land为不可数名词)
◆错误例句:One fifth of the students is absent today.(应改为are,students为可数复数)
三、 解题技巧(高考快速得分法)
(一)主谓一致判定三步法
1. 步骤:① 找出句子的核心主语(去掉插入语、修饰成分);② 判断主语遵循的一致原则(语法/意义/就近);③ 结合主语的实际意义或形式,确定谓语动词的单复数。
2. 例句:Neither my parents nor my sister is at home now. → ① 核心主语:my sister;② 原则:就近一致;③ 谓语用is。
(二)数量短语主谓一致判定技巧
1. 规则:看到a number of / the number of 等短语,先判定短语类型,再确定主语核心。
◆ a number of → 核心是后面的复数名词 → 复数谓语;
◆ the number of → 核心是the number → 单数谓语。
2. 例句:The number of people invited was fifty.(核心是the number)
(三)集体名词主谓一致判定技巧
1. 规则:看句子描述的是“整体属性”还是“个体动作”。
◆ 整体属性(如规模、性质、状态)→ 单数谓语;
◆ 个体动作(如吃饭、讨论、玩耍)→ 复数谓语。
2. 例句:The class has fifty students.(整体属性);The class are discussing the problem.(个体动作)
主谓一致限时训练
(考试时间:25分钟 满分:80分)
(一)单项选择(每题2分,共20分)
从每题所给选项中,选出最佳答案填入空白处
1. The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them ______ absent for different reasons.
A. was; were B. were; was C. was; was D. were; were
2. Not only my brother but also I ______ fond of playing chess.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
3. Three hours ______ enough for us to finish the task.
A. are B. is C. were D. be
4. The family ______ watching TV when the doorbell rang.
A. is B. are C. was D. be
5. Quantities of water ______ wasted every day in our school.
A. is wasted B. are wasted C. wastes D. waste
6. Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting tomorrow.
A. are B. is C. were D. be
7. There ______ a pen, two books and three rulers on the desk.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
8. The rich ______ not always happy, but the beautiful ______ always admired.
A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are
9. Each boy and each girl ______ given a gift on Children’s Day.
A. are B. is C. were D. be
10. Tom, together with his parents, ______ to the park every Sunday.
A. go B. goes C. went D. gone
(二)单句语法填空(每题3分,共30分)
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式,每空一词
1. The committee ______ (be) having a heated discussion about the environmental protection plan at the moment.
2. A large quantity of information ______ (have) been collected for the research so far.
3. The number of people who take part in the volunteer activity ______ (be) increasing day by day.
4. Neither the manager nor the employees ______ (be) satisfied with the new work rules.
5. Five thousand yuan ______ (be) not a small amount for a student who lives on a budget.
6. The police ______ (be) searching for the missing child in the forest these days.
7. What we need ______ (be) not money but sincere support from all around.
8. Ten miles ______ (be) a long distance to walk in such a hot summer afternoon.
9. A poet and musician ______ (be) going to perform at the school art festival next month.
10. All that can be done ______ (have) been done to help the victims of the natural disaster.
(三)单句改错(每题2分,共20分)
下列句子均有一处错误,请找出并改正(聚焦高考高频错点)
1. What he says and what he does does not agree.
2. The rest of the books is easy to read.
3. A poet and artist are coming to our school tomorrow.
4. One third of the land are covered with ice.
5. Neither my wife nor I myself is able to persuade her.
6. Tom, together with his friends, are playing basketball on the playground.
7. The number of people in the hall are about 500.
8. Three hours are needed to finish the work.
9. The family is having dinner when the phone rang.
10. Either you or your brother have to clean the room today.
(四)语篇填空(每题1分,共10分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
The Olympic Games, 1. ______ (hold) every four years, 2. ______ (be) a global sports event that 3. ______ (attract) athletes from all over the world. There 4. ______ (be) two types of the Olympic Games: the Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics.
The number of athletes taking part in the Games 5. ______ (increase) year by year. A number of new sports 6. ______ (add) to the Games in recent years, which 7. ______ (make) it more exciting. Not only the athletes but also the audience 8. ______ (look) forward to each Olympic Games.
The family of an athlete 9. ______ (be) usually proud of his or her achievements. As we all know, three weeks 10. ______ (be) a short time for athletes to prepare for the Games, but they always try their best to win medals for their countries.
参考答案与详细解析
(一)语法填空(每题2分,共20分)
1. A 解析:改编自2024新课标I卷真题,the number of 作主语谓语用单数,a number of 作主语谓语用复数。
2. A 解析:对标2024新课标II卷真题,not only...but also... 遵循就近原则,靠近谓语的主语是I,故用am。
3. B 解析:基于2025全国II卷真题改编,three hours 视为一个整体,谓语用单数is。
4. B 解析:源自2025北京卷真题,family 强调成员正在看电视的动作,谓语用复数are。
5. B 解析:改编自2021新高考II卷真题,quantities of 作主语时,无论后接可数或不可数名词,谓语都用复数;water与waste为被动关系,故用are wasted。
6. B 解析:参考2023全国甲卷真题,either...or... 遵循就近原则,靠近谓语的主语是one of your students(单数),故用is。
7. A 解析:依据2024浙江1月卷真题,there be 句型遵循就近原则,靠近be动词的是a pen(单数),故用is。
8. C 解析:结合2020全国III卷考点,the rich 表一类人,谓语用复数are;the beautiful 表抽象概念,谓语用单数is。
9. B 解析:改编自2022新高考I卷真题,each...and each... 结构作主语,谓语用单数is。
10. B 解析:源自2025浙江1月卷真题,together with 连接的成分是插入语,核心主语是Tom(单数),故用goes。
(二)单句语法填空(每题3分,共30分)
1. are 解析:committee强调成员的讨论动作,表个体概念,结合at the moment用现在进行时。
2. has 解析:a quantity of 后接不可数名词information,谓语用单数;结合so far用现在完成时。
3. is 解析:the number of 作主语,谓语用单数;结合语境用现在进行时。
4. are 解析:neither...nor... 遵循就近原则,靠近谓语的主语是复数名词the employees。
5. is 解析:金钱数量视为一个整体,谓语用单数。
6. are 解析:police为集体名词,强调成员的搜寻动作,表个体概念,结合these days用现在进行时。
7. is 解析:what引导的主语从句作主语,表单数概念。
8. is 解析:距离单位视为一个整体,谓语用单数。
9. is 解析:a poet and musician 指同一个人兼具两种身份,谓语用单数。
10. has 解析:all 后接that定语从句,视为单数概念;结合语境用现在完成时的被动语态。
(三)单句改错(每题2分,共20分)
1. 第二个does → do 解析:主语是两个what引导的从句,表复数概念。
2. is → are 解析:the rest of 后接复数名词books,谓语用复数are。
3. are → is 解析:a poet and artist 指同一人,谓语用单数is。
4. are → is 解析:land 为不可数名词,one third of the land 作主语,谓语用单数is。
5. is → am 解析:neither...nor... 遵循就近原则,靠近谓语的主语是I。
6. are → is 解析:together with 连接的成分是插入语,核心主语是Tom,谓语用单数is。
7. are → is 解析:the number of 作主语,谓语用单数is。
8. are → is 解析:three hours 视为一个整体,谓语用单数is。
9. is → are 解析:family 强调成员吃饭的动作,谓语用复数are。
10. have → has 解析:either...or... 遵循就近原则,靠近谓语的主语是your brother(单数)。
(四)语篇填空(每题1分,共10分)
1. held 解析:过去分词作后置定语,修饰The Olympic Games,表被动。
2. is 解析:核心主语是The Olympic Games,视为一个整体,谓语用单数is。
3. attracts 解析:定语从句的先行词是a global sports event(单数),谓语用attracts。
4. are 解析:there be 句型遵循就近原则,靠近be动词的是two types(复数)。
5. is increasing 解析:the number of 作主语,谓语用单数,结合语境用现在进行时。
6. have been added 解析:a number of new sports 作主语,谓语用复数;与add为被动关系,结合in recent years用现在完成时的被动语态。
7. makes 解析:非限定性定语从句的先行词是前面整个句子,谓语用单数makes。
8. look 解析:not only...but also... 遵循就近原则,靠近谓语的主语是the audience(强调个体),谓语用复数look。
9. is 解析:family 强调整体(运动员的家庭),谓语用单数is。
10. is 解析:three weeks 视为一个整体,谓语用单数is。
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$