主题语境 第8单元　灾害防范与宇宙探索 限时训练 -2026届高三英语一轮复习专项

密 ○ 封 ○ 装 ○ 订 ○ 线 密 ○ 封 ○ 装 ○ 订 ○ 线 密 封 线 内 不 要 答 题 限时训练3 限时50分钟 Ⅰ　阅读理解 Passage 1 　　For more than two decades, Elon Musk has focused SpaceX, his rocket company, on his lifelong goal of reaching Mars. Over the last year, he has also built up work on what will happen if he gets there. Mr. Musk, 53, has directed SpaceX employees to drill into the design and details of a Martian city, according to five people with knowledge of the efforts and documents viewed by The New York Times. One team is drawing up plans for small dome habitats, including the materials that could be used to build them. Another is working on spacesuits to combat Mars's hostile environment, while a medical team is researching whether humans can have children there. These initiatives, which are at their early stage, are a shift toward more concrete planning for life on Mars as Mr. Musk's timeline has hastened (加速). While he said in 2016 that it would take 40 to 100 years to have a self-sustaining civilization on the planet, Mr. Musk told SpaceX employees in April that he now expects one million people to be living there in about 20 years. Mr. Musk has long tried to defy(违抗) the impossible and has often managed to beat tough odds. But his vision of life on Mars takes his seemingly limitless ambitions to their most extreme—and some might say absurdist—point. No one has ever set foot on the planet. NASA doesn't expect to land humans on Mars until the 2040s. And if people get there, they will be greeted by a barren terrain, icy temperatures, dust storms, and air that is impossible to breathe. Yet Mr. Musk is so wedded (执着的) to the idea of creating a civilization on Mars—he once said he plans to die there—that it has pushed nearly every business endeavor he has undertaken on Earth. His vision of Mars underlies most of the six companies that he leads or owns, each of which could potentially contribute to a space colony, according to the documents and the people with knowledge of the efforts. The Boring Company, a private tunneling venture founded by Mr. Musk, was started in part to ready equipment to dig under Mars's surface, two of the people said. Mr. Musk has told people that he bought X, the social media platform, partly to help test how a citizen-led government that rules by consensus might work on Mars. He has also said that he envisions residents on the planet will drive a version of the steel-paneled Cybertrucks made by Tesla, his electric vehicle company. 1.What measures are being taken by SpaceX to realize their dream of Mars? A.Designing large spaceships and building hospitals. B.Planning for habitats and designing spacesuits. C.Developing technologies and training medical teams. D.Building space stations and inspiring employees to strive. 2.How do some people find Mr. Musk's vision of Mars? A.Practical and achievable.　　　B.Unreasonable and time-consuming. C.Theoretical and promising.　　　D.Over-ambitious and ridiculous. 3.Why did Mr. Musk purchase the social media platform X? A.He intended to create a company on Mars. B.He was interested in promoting social networks on Mars. C.He wanted to make profits by running it on Mars. D.He dreamt of a resident-managed government for Mars. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A.Elon Musk's determination and initiatives to put people on Mars. B.Elon Musk's efforts to overcome the challenges of exploring Mars. C.Elon Musk's overall vision of the future development of Mars. D.Elon Musk's companies on Mars and their contributions. Passage 2 　　On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary's southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years. “Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,” Mr. Stienwand says, “but they're increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.” The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought,” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.” One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.” Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.”In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. 5.What does the project aim to do? A.Conserve moisture in the soil.　　　B.Prevent the formation of hailstones. C.Forecast disastrous hailstorms.　　　D.Investigate chemical use in farming. 6.Who are opposed to the project? A.Farmers in east-central Alberta.　　　B.Managers of insurance companies. C.Provincial government officials.　　　D.Residents of Calgary and Edmonton. 7.Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999? A.To compare different kinds of seeding methods. B.To illustrate the development of big hailstorms. C.To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. D.To show the link between storms and moisture. 8.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B.Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. C.The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D.Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist. Ⅱ　七选五 New invention to get astronauts moving in space 　　NASA says that astronauts can lose as much as 10% of their bone density (骨密度) when they're in space. That's because there is no gravity for their bodies to push against. 1.　　　 It is a machine that allows them to jump in zero gravity.  Jumping in zero gravity would help build up bone density and muscle mass rather than lose these while in space. 2.　　　 This is to maintain a healthy lifestyle and prevent them from losing too much muscle and bone density. John Kennett, the engineer of this project, says that his machine would cut the workouts down to just six minutes a day! It will allow astronauts to take part in a short but intense workout designed to build both muscle mass and bone density.  John says that jumping is important to maintain good bone density. 3.　　　 So he thinks his invention is the perfect solution.  Former NASA astronaut Leroy Chiao says that exercising while in space is very important for a successful recovery once back on earth. He says he would welcome shorter workouts to ensure other duties on the spacecraft can still be completed. 4.　　　 “When you're jumping on this, you can really feel it from your toes right through your shoulders,” she says.  Experts say this machine could also save much-needed space on board. 5.　　　 And it's hoped it will join some astronauts in space by 2026!  A.However, jumping in zero gravity is really hard. B.Now, astronauts don't spend much time exercising. C.Next year the machine will be tested in zero gravity. D.Some people wonder whether the machine will work in space. E.At the moment astronauts spend up to two hours a day, six days a week exercising. F.An engineer from London has found the solution to keeping astronauts fit and healthy in space. G.Tess Morris-Paterson, who has been testing the machine, says the workout gives her full-body benefits. 答案 限时训练3 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Passage 1 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Elon Musk致力于将人类送上火星的决心和举措。 1.B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“One team is drawing up plans for small dome habitats...Another is working on spacesuits to combat Mars's hostile environment”可知,一个团队正在为小型穹顶栖息地制订计划,另一个团队正在研究宇航服,以对抗火星的恶劣环境。由此可知,SpaceX正在计划建造栖息地和设计宇航服。故选B。  2.D　推理判断题。 根据题干中的关键词“Mr. Musk's vision of Mars”和“some people find”可定位到文章第四段。 根据文章第四段中的“But his vision of life on Mars takes his seemingly limitless ambitions to their most extreme—and some might say absurdist—point. No one has ever set foot on the planet.(但他对火星生活的愿景将他看似无限的野心推向了最极端——有些人可能会说这是荒谬的。从来没有人踏足过这个星球。)”及其后文对登陆火星的困难的介绍“NASA doesn't expect to land humans on Mars until the 2040s. And if people get there, they will be greeted by...impossible to breathe.”可知,一些人认为Musk的火星愿景是过于雄心勃勃和荒谬的(Over-ambitious and ridiculous)。故选D。A.现实且可实现的;B.不合理且浪费时间的;C.理论上的且有前景的。  3.D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“Mr. Musk has told people that he bought X, the social media platform, partly to help test how a citizen-led government that rules by consensus might work on Mars.(马斯克先生告诉人们,他收购社交媒体平台X的部分原因是帮助测试一个由公民领导、以共识治国的政府如何在火星上运作。)”可知,Musk购买社交媒体平台X是为了测试在火星上由居民管理的政府如何运作。故选D。  4.A　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“For more than two decades, Elon Musk has focused SpaceX...on his lifelong goal of reaching Mars.”、第四段中的“But his vision of life on Mars takes his seemingly limitless ambitions to their most extreme”和第五段中的“Yet Mr. Musk is so wedded (执着的) to the idea of creating a civilization on Mars”可知Elon Musk具有致力于将人类送上火星的决心。根据第二段中的“Mr. Musk, 53, has directed SpaceX employees to drill into the design and details of a Martian city”、第六段中的“The Boring Company...was started in part to ready equipment to dig under Mars's surface”“Mr. Musk has told people that he bought X...partly to help test...on Mars.”等对Musk的活动的介绍可知Elon Musk为了实现将人类送上火星的梦想采取了一系列措施。由此可知,文章主要介绍了Elon Musk致力于将人类送上火星的决心和举措。故选A。  Passage 2 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大艾伯塔省防雹项目,对于该项目人们态度不一。 5.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.”可知自1996年以来,一批保险公司每年在艾伯塔省防雹项目上花费大量资金。根据第一段中的“Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.”可知飞机在阴沉沉的风暴云泡中播撒一种化学物质,使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。由此可知,这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。故选B。  6.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But farmers in east-central Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.”可知艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心,在冰雹项目飞行的下风处,宝贵的水分正被播云从他们干旱的土地上偷走。由此可知,艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。故选A。  7.C　推理判断题。根据第四段“One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell...‘In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,’ Dr. Doswell says. ‘Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.’”可知,科学家Chuck Doswell对播云的安全性持怀疑态度,他在1999年目睹了龙卷风,他说,没有人真正知道播云会制造致命的风暴还是减少下风处的水分,但是播云还在继续。由此可推知,Doswell博士提到他在1999年看到的龙卷风是为了提示播云可能带来的危险。故选C。  8.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the degree of doubt...no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.”可知,实际上,怀疑产生了相反的效果,由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据,没有人成功地赢得对播云公司的诉讼。因此,私人气候工程可以在相对合法的安全条件下进行。因此,从最后一段我们能推断出播云公司将继续存在。故选D。  Ⅱ.七选五 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种可以让宇航员在零重力状态下跳跃的新设备,以减少在太空中肌肉和骨密度的流失。 1.F　上文“NASA says that astronauts can lose as much as 10% of their bone density (骨密度) when they're in space.”提出问题,说明宇航员在太空中骨密度会降低的事实,结合选项可知F项“An engineer from London has found the solution to keeping astronauts fit and healthy in space.”正是就上文现实所提出的解决之道,并引出下文“It is a machine that allows them to jump in zero gravity.(这是一种让他们在零重力下跳跃的设备)”,下文中的It指代F项中的the solution,说明具体的解决方法是可以让宇航员在零重力下跳跃的设备。F项承上启下,符合语境,故选F。  2.E　由下文“This is to maintain a healthy lifestyle and prevent them from losing too much muscle and bone density.”可知设空处要提及一种方法,用来保持健康。结合选项可知E项“At the moment astronauts spend up to two hours a day, six days a week exercising.”满足此条件,具体介绍这种保持健康的方法是锻炼,并且介绍了锻炼进行的时间,下文中的“John Kennett, the engineer of this project, says that his machine would cut the workouts down to just six minutes a day!”承接此内容,与此处的锻炼时间进行了对比,说明这台设备的优点。故选E。  3.A　上文“John says that jumping is important to maintain good bone density.”说明跳跃之于骨密度的重要性。下文“So he thinks his invention is the perfect solution.”说他认为这项发明是最完美的解决方案。从下文“the perfect solution”可推断空处可能是一个现实的问题。结合选项可知A项(然而,在零重力状态下跳跃非常困难)与上下文所说的话题一致,承接上文提到的跳跃,同时又指出关于跳跃的一个问题,引出下文给出的解决方法,承上启下,符合语境,故选A。  (本段逻辑:提出跳跃的重要性→指出存在的现实问题→肯定自己的发明) 4.G　下文“When you're jumping on this, you can really feel it from your toes right through your shoulders”说明这种设备可以让人感受到它的益处,结合选项可知G项(Tess Morris-Paterson一直在测试这台设备,她说这项锻炼对她的全身都有好处)与此内容有关,说明这种设备对身体有好处,引出下文内容。下文的“she”指代G项中的Tess Morris-Paterson,下文的“this”指代G项中的“the machine”,故选G。 5.C　下文“And it's hoped it will join some astronauts in space by 2026!”说明人们的期望,属于未来的事,C项“Next year the machine will be tested in zero gravity.(明年,这台设备将在零重力下进行测试)”也属于未来将发生的事,与下文并列,共同说明该设备未来的前景,符合逻辑,引出下文的期望,符合语境,故选C。  学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 密 ○ 封 ○ 装 ○ 订 ○ 线 密 ○ 封 ○ 装 ○ 订 ○ 线 密 封 线 内 不 要 答 题 第8单元　灾害防范与宇宙探索 限时训练1　情态动词、虚拟语气和特殊句式 限时55分钟 考点　巩固练 考点1　情态动词 1.—Ethan is asking whether he must attend the meeting tomorrow. —Well, he 　　　　　 not, if he has something else to do.   2.Like in typical families, where boys were favored much more than girls, my grandma 　　　　　 stay at home to do housework. 3.On most weekends, my grandmother, a young girl then, and her brother 　　　　　 go to the beach. 4.One of our rules is that every student 　　　　　 wear school uniform while at school.   5.During our trip to the Great Wall last week, I couldn't stop thinking that building it 　　　　　 have been a huge project in ancient times.   6.Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could 　　　　　 (make) six salads with what I threw out. 考点2　虚拟语气 7.Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I 　　　　　 (dance) as well as her.  8.This printer is of good quality. If it 　　　　　 (break) down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.  9.If I had not been pressed into facing my fear of a solo, I 　　　　　 (miss) out on one of the most rewarding experience of my life.   10.He suggested I 　　　　　(think) about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters. 11.The teacher's requirement is that every student 　　　　　 (recite) the passage in 20 minutes.  12.She says it is essential that we 　　　　　 (keep) control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. 13.Look at the trouble I am in! If only I 　　　　　 (follow) your advice.  14.George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I'd rather he 　　　　　(focus) more on its culture.   15.However, he plays with other four-legged dogs normally, as if the injury 　　　　　 (do) bother him.   16.It's high time that the public 　　　　　 (raise) their awareness of using shared bikes reasonably.  17.Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway wouldn't 　　　　　(write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.  18.Last year, DC Central Kitchen recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would 　　　　　 (rot) in fields. 19.　　　　　 it not been for the support of the teachers, the student could not have overcome her difficulty so quickly.  考点3　特殊句式 20.It's these small acts of kindness 　　　　　 make a new country feel like home. 21.传统文化But do you know the origin of the festival? Legend has it 　　　　　 the Weaver Girl met and fell in love with a cowherd.   22.Henry 　　　　　 (fix) his car when he heard the screams.   23.There, at the entrance, 　　　　　(be) a cash machine. I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, only to read the message: “Out of order. Sorry.” 24.The little boy came riding at full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. 　　　　　 a dangerous scene it was!   25.It is with your generous help 　　　　　 I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life as soon as possible.   26.At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and Jialing River 　　　　　 (lie) one of the largest cities in China.   27.Not only 　　　　　(do) singing help increase your lung capacity, but it helps stimulate circulation.   28.No sooner had the famous writer stepped on the stage 　　　　　 the audience broke into thunderous applause.   29.单元主题While 　　　　　(sleep), people are in particular danger of an emergency fire, and there must be a detector outside each sleeping area.   30.热点话题In the US, only when someone sits in the driver's seat 　　　　　 (be) driverless cars allowed on roads in certain states.   31.The busier and more crowded the location of ATMs, obviously, the 　　　　(good).   32.It was not until she participated in a reality show and became a restaurant waitress 　　　　　 her situation began to improve dramatically.   33.Behind Zibo's sudden fame 　　　　　 (be) the efforts and services of the local government, as well as a good reputation of local businesses, which receive favorable reviews from visitors who share their experiences online.   34.Covering an area about three times 　　　　　 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 35.To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill(溢出), 　　　　　 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue(舌头). 36.As is said in the ancient book, The Hermeneutics of the Spring and Autumn Annals, “It is on the autumn equinox day that yin and yang are in a balance of power. Thus the day and night are of equal length, and 　　　　　 are the cold and hot weather.”  综合　强化练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.These scenes may 　　　　　(paint) hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. 2.The door burst open and in 　　　　　 (rush) the crowd, shouting with anger.   3.It is this durability that 　　　　　 (make) the preservation of many valuable works from ancient China possible.   4.Hardly 　　　　　 (have) the heroes got off their horses when the host came over and greeted them without his hat.   5.Between the two generations, it is often not their age, 　　　　　 their level of education that causes misunderstanding.   6.传统文化Although 　　　　　(refer) to as Beijing Opera, it originated from Southern Anhui. It is widely recognised that it came into being after 1790 when the famous four Anhui opera troupes came to Beijing.  7.We all wonder why it is 　　　　　 so many students and their families are visiting Boston-area schools, such as Harvard, in their summer holidays.  8.If the new safety system 　　　　　 (put) to use, the accident may not have happened.   9.Lucy's father, looking very angry, stopped criticizing as if 　　　　　 (expect) Lucy to apologize to him for cheating.   10.But I wanted to prove to myself that hard 　　　　　 the condition was, I wasn't finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.   11.　　　　　 you be fired, you could come directly to my company.   12.It is required that under no circumstances 　　　　　 we betray ourselves even if there are temptations like money or beauty.   13.Bedtime procrastination(睡眠拖延) happens when a person bears deep resistance to being told what to do, especially in an area as personal and fundamental as 　　　　　 to go to bed.  Ⅱ.语段填空 A 　　China's 40th Antarctic expedition ended on Wednesday with the Xuelong polar icebreaker returning to Qingdao, Shandong, 1.　　　　　 marked the completion of the expedition. The five-month polar expedition set out from Shanghai in early November and arrived in Antarctica later that month. The Xuelong and Xuelong 2 icebreakers as well as a ship 2.　　　　　 (use) in the mission, covering 3.　　　　　 total distance of more than 150,000 kilometers. During the mission, Chinese engineers constructed the Qinling Station, the nation's 4.　　　　　 (five) scientific outpost in Antarctica. The engineers said, it is the station's lightweight and high-strength materials 5.　　　　　 make the station resistant to temperatures as low as minus 60℃.  B 　　Four astronauts returned to Earth in a SpaceX capsule on Friday, 6.　　　　　 (end) their nearly six-month space station mission with a splashdown in the Atlantic. “Getting the first few 7.　　　　　 (hug) when we get back is really going to be awesome,” Hines, one of the three NASA astronauts for this mission, told reporters earlier this week. Remaining aboard the space station 8.　　　　　 (be) three Americans, three Russians and one Japanese.  素养　提升练 语法填空 A 　　It was at 3:32 am on April 26, 2024 1.　　　　　 Shenzhou-18 manned spaceship successfully docked with the space station, according to the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA). The whole process took 2.　　　　　 (approximate) 6.5 hours.  The spaceship, atop a Long March-2F carrier rocket, blasted off at 8:59 p.m. from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwest China. About 10 3.　　　　　 (minute) after the launch, the Shenzhou-18 spaceship separated from the rocket 4.　　　　　 entered its designated orbit. In good shape 5.　　　　　 (be) the crew members and the launch is 6.　　　　　 “complete success”, the China Manned Space Agency announced.  While in orbit, the Shenzhou-18 spaceship is scheduled 7.　　　　　 (make) a fast, automated rendezvous, docking with the space station combination. The Shenzhou-18 crew will rotate with the Shenzhou-17 crew in orbit.  The Shenzhou-18 crew members are Ye Guangfu, Li Cong and Li Guangsu, with Ye as the mission 8.　　　　　 (command). The Shenzhou-18 mission marks Ye's second journey into space, 9.　　　　　 (follow) his previous role as a crew member during the Shenzhou-13 mission from October 2021 to April 2022. Li Cong and Li Guangsu, 10.　　　　　 belong to the third group of Chinese astronauts, are both embarking on their first-ever space adventure.  B 　　Australian researchers say they have produced the most complete history of the universe by mapping it to date, saying the study 11.　　　　　　 (offer) new ideas about how the universe might have started. The first map shows temperature and density of the universe 12.　　　　　　 it expanded and cooled, the second map 13.　　　　　　 (illustrate) the mass and size of all objects in the universe. The study suggests the universe may have started as14.　　　　　　 is known as an instanton(瞬子), not a singularity(奇点). An instanton has a defined size and mass. A singularity15.　　　　　　 (define) as a point of huge density and temperature. Put16.　　　　　　 (simple), this would mean that the beginning of the universe was not infinite(无限的)17.　　　　　　 size, which is important to researchers because they say what lies beyond the18.　　　　　　 (limit) of the universe is also a major mystery. Perhaps the research into the beginning of the universe could help to answer some basic 19.　　　　　　 (science) questions about life beyond Earth. The basic idea is that if we can figure out how we get there, maybe we can make better guesses about 20.　　　　　　 there have been other life forms elsewhere.  答案 限时训练1　情态动词、虚拟语气和特殊句式 考点巩固练 考点1情态动词 1.need　句意:——Ethan在问他是否必须参加明天的会议。——嗯,如果他有别的事要做,就不用了。must表示命令或强烈的建议,意为“必须”。当用must进行提问时,肯定回答多用must,否定回答多用needn't(不必)或don't have to。此处问句放到了宾语从句中,其实也是在提问,是用must进行提问,询问是否有必要,回答中有not,说明是否定回答,应用needn't或don't have to;空后有not,故填need。 2.had to　句意:就像典型的家庭一样,男孩比女孩受到多得多的偏爱,(因此)我的祖母不得不留在家里做家务。根据“boys were favored much more than girls”可知,此处是想表达女孩在家中往往不被偏爱,所以祖母要在家中做家务,强调客观上的必要性,即“不得不”,应用情态动词have to;上文定语从句中谓语动词用的是系动词are的过去式were,结合语境可知此处指过去的事,故此处应用have to的过去式had to。 3.would　句意:那时我的祖母还是个年轻的女孩,在大多数的周末,她会与她的哥哥去沙滩。根据句意可知,此处表示过去的习惯,意为“总是,总会”,应用“would+动词原形”,表示过去的习惯性动作。空后有动词原形,故填would。 4.shall　句意:我们的规定之一就是每个学生在校期间都要穿校服。shall用于第三人称作主语的陈述句中,表示规定、条约、法律和合同等明确的义务。由本句中的rules一词可知,这是在介绍校规,故填shall。 5.must　句意:上周我们去长城旅行的时候,我忍不住在想,在古代修建长城一定是一项浩大的工程。根据句意可知,此处表示对过去情况的肯定推测,用must have done,意为“一定做过……”。故填must。 6.have made　句意:更糟糕的是,我不计后果地买了太多,我扔掉的那些都够我做六份沙拉了。根据句意可知,此处表示“我本可以用我扔掉的那些做六份沙拉”,即“过去本可以做某事而未做”,应用could have done。空前有could,故填 have made。 考点2 虚拟语气 7.danced　考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气。句意:Ellen是一个超棒的舞者。我要是能跳得和她一样棒就好了。wish后的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气,表示“希望不大可能的事发生”。此处是对现在情况的虚拟,从句需要使用一般过去时。故填danced。 8.broke　考查对将来情况的虚拟。句意:这台打印机质量很好。如果它在第一年内坏了,我们会出钱修理。实际情况是“打印机质量很好”,所以“一年之内坏掉”是一种对将来情况的虚拟。在if条件句中,表示对将来的虚拟时,从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”“were+不定式”或动词的过去式三种形式。提示词为break,此处只能填一个词的适当形式,所以只能用动词的过去式形式。故填broke。 9.would/should/could/might have missed　考查对过去情况的虚拟。句意:如果我没有被迫面对独奏的恐惧,我就会错过我一生中最有价值的经历之一。根据If、从句谓语had not been pressed及语境可知此处表示与过去事实相反的情况,主句谓语应用“would/should/could/might have+过去分词”。故填would/should/could/might have missed。 10.think　考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气。句意:他建议我考虑一下我希望的角色结局与适合角色的结局之间的区别。suggested在此处表示“建议”,其后的宾语从句中谓语动词常用“(should+)动词原形”形式。故填think。 11.recite　考查表语从句中的虚拟语气。句意:老师的要求是每位学生在20分钟内背诵这篇文章。requirement意为“要求”,is后是that引导的表语从句,说明requirement的内容。requirement后的表语从句中谓语动词常用“(should+)动词原形”形式。故填recite。 12.keep　考查主语从句中的虚拟语气。句意:她说我们有必要控制人工智能,否则我们会有被边缘化的风险,甚至可能更糟。此处使用的是“it is essential that...”句型,that引导的是主语从句,从句谓语动词需用“(should+)动词原形”形式。故填keep。 13.had followed　考查if only句型。句意:看看我(现在)遇到的麻烦!我要是听了你的建议就好了。根据语境可知,“我”因为过去没听“你”的建议,所以现在处境困难。因此If only句型中表示的是与过去事实(没听“你”的建议)相反的情况。故填had followed。 14.focused　考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气。句意:乔治将要谈论他的国家的地理,但是我宁愿他更多地专注于它的文化。根据句意可知,事实情况是“乔治将要谈论地理”,因此I'd rather后面的部分是对将来情况的虚拟。在would rather后的从句中,对将来的虚拟需要使用一般过去时,故填focused。 15.didn't　考查状语从句中的虚拟语气。句意:然而,它和其他四条腿的狗正常玩耍,好像那处伤并没有给它造成痛苦。本题题眼在as if,由它引导的状语从句常用虚拟语气表示与事实相反的情况。由语境可知此处是对现在的虚拟,与现在事实相反时从句谓语动词用一般过去时。由normally、bother him及语境可推知此处表示“没有给它造成痛苦”,应用否定形式。故填didn't。 16.raised　考查虚拟语气。It is (high/about) time that...句型中,从句要用虚拟语气,从句谓语动词一般用动词的过去式或“should+动词原形”形式,其中should不能省略。故填raised。 17.have written　考查含蓄虚拟语气。句意:如果没有战时经历的话,海明威就不会写出著名的小说《永别了,武器》了。Without构成的介词短语相当于与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句,这属于含蓄虚拟语气;结合句意可知,此处表示对过去情况的虚拟,Without部分相当于条件从句,逗号后相当于主句,主句谓语应用“would/should/could/might have done”,故填have written。 18.have rotted　考查含蓄虚拟语气。句意:去年,DC中央厨房通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品的方式回收了超过807,500镑的食物,否则这些农产品会烂在田间。otherwise的出现暗示此处表示和过去事实相反的情况,这是一个含蓄条件句,结合时间状语Last year可知,此处表示对过去的虚拟,“that otherwise would...in fields”相当于主句,谓语动词应用“would/should/could/might have done”。故填have rotted。 19.Had　考查虚拟条件句的省略与倒装。句意:如果没有老师们的支持,这个学生就不会如此迅速地克服她的困难。根据主句谓语could not have overcome及空后的been并结合语境可知,本句使用了虚拟语气,为对过去情况的虚拟,从句应用过去完成时,从句的完整形式应为“If it had not been for the support of the teachers”。当使用虚拟语气的条件从句中有were/should/had(助动词)时,可以省略if,将were/should/had(助动词)提到主语前面,构成倒装。本题中从句省略if后即为“Had it not been for the support of the teachers”。设空处位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Had。 考点3 特殊句式 20.that　考查强调句。句意:正是这些小小的善举让一个陌生的国度感觉就像家一样。分析句子成分可知,去掉“It's”和设空处后,句子成分和意义完整,由此可知本句为强调句,强调的是主语these small acts of kindness。故填that。 21.that　考查固定句型。句意:但是你知道这个节日的起源吗?传说织女遇见了一个牧牛人,并爱上了他。“Legend has it that...”是固定句型,意为“传说……,相传……”,故填that。 22.was fixing　考查固定句型和主谓一致。本句使用了“was/were doing...when...”句型,表示一个过去的动作正在进行,这时另一个过去的动作突然发生。主语为第三人称单数,故填was fixing。 23.was　考查there be句型与时态、主谓一致。句意:入口处有一台自动取款机,我跳下车,疯狂地跑向取款机并插入我的卡……。分析句子可知,“There, at the entrance, 　　　　　 (be) a cash machine.”是there be句型,主语是a cash machine,设空处为谓语。后文一连串的动作jumped、made和popped都用的一般过去时,则此处表示过去的事,需用一般过去时;谓语应与主语a cash machine的人称和数保持一致,应用第三人称单数形式。故填was。  24.What　考查感叹句。句意:那个小男孩骑着自行车全速冲下高速公路。这是多么危险的一个场景啊!结合句意调整语序为“it was a dangerous scene”,被调整到前面的a dangerous scene是一个名词短语,应使用what引出感叹句。设空处位于句首,首字母应大写,故填What。 25.that　考查强调句。句意:正是有了您的慷慨帮助,我坚信我会尽快适应大学生活。分析句子结构可知,本句去掉“It is”和设空处后句子成分和意义依然完整,由此可知本句为强调句,强调状语with your generous help。故填that。 26.lies　考查倒装句、时态和主谓一致。句意:在长江和嘉陵江的交汇处坐落着中国最大的城市之一。分析句子可知,介词短语“At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and Jialing River”位于句首,设空处为句子的谓语,而介词短语不能充当句子的主语,因此可以判定句子发生了因介词短语提前而出现的完全倒装,后面的“one of the largest cities in China”才是主语。本句陈述一般事实,应用一般现在时。主语为“one of the+复数名词”,谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填lies。 27.does　考查倒装句、时态和主谓一致。句意:唱歌不仅有助于增加你的肺活量,还有助于促进血液循环。本句是由not only置于句首引起的部分倒装,设空处应用助动词;结合helps可知,时态应为一般现在时,主语为singing,因此设空处用第三人称单数形式,故填does。 28.than　考查固定句型。句意:那位著名作家一走上台,观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。no sooner...than...为固定句型,表示“一……就……”。故填than。 29.sleeping　考查状语从句的省略。句意:人们在睡觉时特别容易受到紧急火灾的威胁,每个睡觉区域外都必须有一个探测器。结合空前的While和语境可知,“While 　　　　　”为状语从句的省略形式,状语从句的主语与主句主语一致,为people,该状语从句补全后为“While people are sleeping”,此处省略了people are,故填sleeping。  30.are　考查倒装句、时态和主谓一致。句意:在美国,只有当有人坐在驾驶座上时,无人驾驶汽车才被允许在某些州上路。only接状语从句位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装,即把助动词或情态动词提前。该句中主句的正常语序应是“driverless cars 　　　　　 allowed on roads in certain states”,主语driverless cars是复数形式,且句子陈述一般事实,应用一般现在时,故填are。   31.better　考查特殊句式。句意:很明显,自动取款机所在的位置越是繁忙,人流量越大,越好。根据本句中的“The busier and more crowded”和空前的the可知,此处使用的是“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构,表示“越……(就)越……”。故填better。 32.that　考查强调句。句意:直到她参加了一个真人秀节目,成为一名餐馆服务员,她的情况才开始显著改善。分析句子结构可知此处为not...until...的强调句形式“It was not until...that...”,故填that。 33.are　考查倒装句、时态和主谓一致。句意:淄博突然成名的背后是当地政府的努力和服务,以及当地企业的良好声誉,这些得到了游客的好评,他们在网上分享了他们的经历。 34.the　考查倍数表达法。句意:大熊猫国家公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。倍数表达可使用“倍数+the+n.+of...”结构,因此size前面应用冠词the。 35.or　考查连词。句意:想要吃一个的话,你必须决定是先在上面咬一个小口,释放蒸汽,冒着汤汁溢出的风险,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆裂。whether...or...表示“是……还是……”,是固定搭配,故填or。 36.so　考查固定句型。句意:正如古籍《春秋繁露》中所说的一样,“秋分者,阴阳相半也,故昼夜均而寒暑平。(正是在秋分之日,阴阳处于平衡状态。因此,白天和夜晚是一样长的,寒冷和炎热的天气也是如此。)”由语境可知,此处表示秋分时“寒冷和炎热的天气”的情况与“白天和夜晚是一样长的”一样,即“秋分这天寒冷的天气与炎热的天气一样长”。所以此处是说“寒冷和炎热的天气也是这样”,用so构成“……也是”句型,表示前文中的情况也适用于后者。故填so。 综合强化练 Ⅰ.1.have been painted　考查情态动词与被动语态。句意:这些场景可能是在数百年前绘制的,但它们却记录了我们都能理解的时刻。根据句意可知,此处表示对过去情况的不太肯定的推测,应用may/might have done表示。本句主语scenes意为“场景”,与paint之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,空前有may,故填have been painted。 2.rushed　考查倒装句和时态。句意:门一下子开了,人群涌进来,愤怒地喊着。本句中and连接两个并列分句。在后一分句中,表示方向的词in置于句首,主语为the crowd,该分句应用完全倒装,设空处为分句谓语;由语境及前一分句中的burst可知此处用一般过去时,故填rushed。为了表达生动,有时把表地点、方位的副词(如up、down、out、away、in等)放在句首,句子用完全倒装(主语需为名词)。 3.makes/has made　考查强调句和时态、主谓一致。句意:正是这种耐久性使得许多中国古代珍贵作品的保存成为可能。分析句子结构可知,去掉“It is”和“that”后句子依然成立且句意完整,则推断本句是强调句,强调主语“this durability”。强调句中that后的谓语动词应与被强调的主语保持人称和数的一致,被强调的主语this durability是不可数的,谓语应用第三人称单数形式。由语境可知此处可表示一种事实,用一般现在时,也可表示过去的状态对现在的影响,用现在完成时。故填makes或has made。 4.had　考查固定句型。句意:英雄们刚下马,主人就走了过来,摘下帽子跟他们打招呼。否定词位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装,即把助动词或情态动词提到主语前。在“hardly...when...”句型中,主句使用过去完成时,从句使用一般过去时,故填had。 5.but　考查强调句和固定结构。句意:在两代人之间,往往不是他们的年龄而是受教育程度导致了误解。此处为强调句,强调主语“often not their age, 　　　　　 their level of education”,结合前面的not可知此处使用了“not...but...”结构,意为“不是……而是……”。故填but。   6.referred　考查状语从句的省略。句意:虽然被称为京剧,但它起源于皖南。分析句子可知,逗号前面的部分在句中作状语,此处为状语从句的省略,完整形式为“Although it is referred to as Beijing Opera”,此处省略了“it is”。故填referred。注意refer的过去分词的写法,需双写r再加-ed。 7.that　考查强调句的特殊疑问句式。句意:我们都想知道为什么有那么多学生和他们的家人在暑假期间参观波士顿地区的学校,如哈佛大学。分析句子可知,wonder后为宾语从句,“why it is 　　　　　 so many students and their families are visiting Boston-area schools...holidays”为强调句的特殊疑问句形式在宾语从句中的应用,强调句的特殊疑问句形式为“特殊疑问词+is/was it that+句子剩余部分?”,故填that。  8.had been put　考查对过去事实的虚拟与被动语态。句意:如果应用了新的安全系统,这次事故可能就不会发生了。本句中If引导条件状语从句,主句主语为the accident,主句谓语为may not have happened,可知这是对过去事实的虚拟,从句应用过去完成时。此处使用了固定搭配put...to use,从句主语为system,与put之间为被动关系,表示“系统被应用”,应用被动语态,故填had been put。 9.expecting　考查状语从句的省略。句意:露西的父亲看起来很生气,他停止了批评,好像在期待露西为欺骗向他道歉。本句使用了状语从句的省略,即当状语从句的主语和主句主语一致,且从句的谓语含有be动词时,从句可以省略主语和be动词。分析句子结构可知,“as if 　　　　　 Lucy to apologize to him for cheating”是状语从句的省略形式,补充完整后为“as if he was expecting Lucy to apologize to him for cheating”,省略了“he was”,故填expecting。  10.as/though　考查倒装句。句意:但我想向自己证明,尽管情况很艰难,但我还没有结束。没有什么能阻挡我的路。分析句子可知,此处是倒装结构“表语(名词/形容词)+as/though+主语+系动词”,即as/though引导的让步状语从句的倒装形式,换成正常语序为“though the condition was hard”(as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装形式,不能换成正常语序),符合句意,故填as或though。 11.Should　考查虚拟语气中的省略与倒装。句意:如果你被解雇了,你可以直接来我的公司。结合语境及主句谓语could come可知本句使用了虚拟语气,是对将来情况的虚拟,从句谓语应用“should+动词原形”“were+不定式”或动词的过去式,结合空后的“you be fired”可推测此处从句谓语使用的是“should+动词原形”,则从句的完整形式应为“If you should be fired”。当使用虚拟语气的条件从句中有were/should/had(助动词)时,可以省略if,将were/should/had(助动词)提到主语前面,构成倒装。本句中从句省略if后即为“Should you be fired”。故填Should。 12.should　考查虚拟语气和倒装。句意:我们被要求在任何情况下都不能背叛自己,即使有金钱或美貌这样的诱惑。“It is required that...”为固定句型,that引导的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气,从句谓语用“(should+)动词原形”形式;在主语从句中,under no circumstances置于句首,从句使用部分倒装,所以此处填should,位于主语we前面。 13.when　考查“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构。句意:睡眠拖延(现象)会在一个人对被告知要做什么有着深深的抵触情绪时出现,特别是当涉及何时睡觉这样的私人又重要的领域时。此处as...as...表示“像……一样”,结合语境可知逗号后说的是“尤其是像何时睡觉这种私人又重要的领域”,则“　　　　　 to go to bed”指“何时睡觉”,是“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构,空处表示时间,故填when。  Ⅱ.A 1.which　考查定语从句。句意:随着“雪龙”号极地破冰船返回山东青岛,中国第40次南极考察于周三结束,这标志着此次考察的完成。分析句子成分可知设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个主句,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故用关系词which。 2.were used　考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:此次任务使用了“雪龙”号和“雪龙2”号破冰船以及一艘轮船,总航程超十五万千米。科考活动已经结束,此处表示过去发生的事,应用一般过去时;主语The Xuelong and Xuelong 2 icebreakers as well as a ship与use之间为被动关系,表示“被使用”,应用被动语态;主语由as well as连接,谓语的数应遵循“就远原则”,与as well as前边的主语The Xuelong and Xuelong 2 icebreakers保持一致,应用复数形式,故填were used。 3.a　考查冠词。句意同上。a distance of为固定搭配,意为“长达……的距离”,且total发音以辅音音素开头,故用不定冠词a修饰。 4.fifth　考查序数词。句意:在执行任务期间,中国工程师建造了秦岭站,这是中国在南极的第五个科学考察站。根据句意可知,此处应用序数词fifth表示“第五”。 5.that　考查强调句。句意:工程师们说,正是秦岭站运用的轻质高强度材料才使这个站点能经受住低至零下60℃的温度。强调句的特点是去掉句中的it is/was和that/who后句子依然成分完整,语义依然通顺。本句中的“it is the station's lightweight and high-strength materials 　　　　　 make the station resistant to temperatures as low as minus 60℃”去掉it is和设空处后为“the station's lightweight and high-strength materials make the station resistant to temperatures as low as minus 60℃”,语意完整,不缺成分,由此推断此处使用的是强调句型“It is/was...that/who...”,强调的是主语the station's lightweight and high-strength materials。故填that。  B 6.ending　考查非谓语动词。本句主语为Four astronauts,谓语动词为returned,空格处应用非谓语动词作状语;由语境可知此处表示自然而然的结果,应用现在分词作状语,故填ending。 7.hugs　考查名词的数。空处作Getting的宾语,应用名词;hug为可数名词,表示“拥抱”;由空前的可数名词限定词few可知,本空应用hug的复数形式,故填hugs。 8.are　考查时态、主谓一致与倒装。句意:仍留在太空站上的是三名美国人、三名俄罗斯人和一名日本人。根据句意可知,本句用一般现在时表示现在的事实。分析句子结构可知,本句为倒装句,句子主语为“three Americans, three Russians and one Japanese”,“Remaining aboard the space station”为现在分词短语作状语,置于句首时句子使用倒装结构,则设空处为谓语。主语为复数,故填are。 素养提升练 A 语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了神舟十八号载人飞船于2024年4月26日凌晨成功对接空间站,发射过程顺利,航天员状态良好,并介绍了飞船的飞行计划和航天员阵容。 1.that　考查强调句对应考点3。句意:根据中国载人航天工程办公室(CMSA)的消息,就在2024年4月26日凌晨3时32分,神舟十八号载人飞船成功与空间站对接。分析句子可知,去掉句中的It was和设空处后,剩下的“at 3:32 am on April 26, 2024 Shenzhou-18 manned spaceship successfully docked with the space station”仍然是句子结构完整且句意完整、明确的一句话,由此可知此处使用的是强调句,强调时间状语at 3:32 am on April 26, 2024,故填that。 2.approximately　考查副词。approximate为形容词,表示“近似的,大约的”,此处需用副词修饰动词took,应用approximate的副词形式approximately,表示“大约”,故填approximately。 3.minutes　考查名词的数。minute为可数名词,前面有数词10修饰,应使用其复数形式。故填minutes。 4.and　考查并列连词。句意:发射后大约十分钟,神舟十八号飞船与火箭分离并进入预定轨道。根据句意可知,空前后两个动作“分离”和“进入轨道”是连续发生的,且为并列关系,应使用并列连词and连接。故填and。 5.are　考查倒装、时态与主谓一致对应考点3。句意:中国载人航天工程办公室宣布,神舟十八号的乘组人员身体状况良好,发射取得了“完全成功”。in good shape为固定短语,表示“身体状态良好”,该介词短语放在句首句子要倒装。 6.a　考查不定冠词。success在此处为抽象名词表具体意思,此处含义为“一次完全成功的发射”,则空处表泛指,应用不定冠词。空后的complete以辅音音素开头,故填a。 7.to make　考查动词不定式。句意:在轨期间,神舟十八号飞船计划进行快速、自动的会合,与空间站组合体对接。be scheduled to do sth.为固定搭配,表示“计划做某事”。故填to make。 8.commander　考查名词。句意:神舟十八号飞船的乘组人员是叶光富、李聪和李广苏,其中叶光富担任此次任务的指令长。根据句意可知,此处需用名词作介词as的宾语,表示“指挥官”,故填commander。 9.following　考查现在分词。句意:神舟十八号任务标志着叶光富继他之前在2021年10月至2022年4月期间担任神舟十三号任务的乘组人员之后的第二次太空之旅。根据句意可知,此处表示“继……之后”,且“Ye's second journey into space”这件事与follow之间为逻辑上的主动关系,应使用现在分词作状语,故填following。 10.who　考查定语从句。句意:李聪和李广苏属于中国第三批航天员,他们都正在开始自己的首次太空探险。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Li Cong and Li Guangsu,指人且关系词在从句中作主语,故填who。 B 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。澳大利亚研究人员表示,他们绘制出了迄今为止最完整的宇宙历史地图,并表示这项研究为了解宇宙起源提供了新的思路。 11.offers　考查时态和主谓一致。分析可知本空是伴随状语saying之后的宾语从句的谓语,根据本句主句时态(一般现在时)和语境可知,本空也应该用一般现在时,宾语从句的主语the study为单数形式,故填offers。 12.when　考查连词。句意:第一张图显示了宇宙膨胀和冷却时的温度和密度,第二张图显示了宇宙中所有物体的质量和大小。根据句意可知设空处引导时间状语从句,故填when。 13.illustrating　考查现在分词。分析可知“The first map shows temperature and density of the universe...it expanded and cooled”是完整的主谓宾结构,其后是逗号且没有连词,因此设空处应用非谓语动词,再分析可知illustrate与the second map之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式,“the second map illustrating the mass and size of all objects in the universe”是“名词+doing”的独立主格结构作状语,故填illustrating。 14.what　考查名词性从句。分析可知设空处引导介词as后的宾语从句。宾语从句中缺少主语,指物,表示“……的事物”,故填what。句意:这项研究表明,宇宙可能是从所谓的瞬子开始的,而不是奇点。 15. is defined　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:奇点被定义为具有巨大密度和高温的点。整篇文章的时态基调是现在时态,本句亦如此,define是及物动词,与主语A singularity之间是被动关系,且主语是单数形式,故填is defined。 16.simply　考查副词。句意:简而言之,这意味着宇宙的开始在大小上并不是无限的,这对研究人员来说很重要,因为他们说宇宙范围之外的东西也是一个重大谜团。put simply意为“简单地说”,故填simply。 17.in　考查介词。固定短语in size意为“在尺寸/大小上”。故填in。 18.limits　考查名词复数。limit 在此句中表示“(地区或地方的)界限,范围”,作为此意讲时常用复数,故填limits。 19.scientific　考查形容词。句意:也许对宇宙起源的研究可以帮助回答一些关于地外生命的基本科学问题。设空处修饰questions应用形容词,故填scientific。 20.whether　考查名词性从句。分析可知设空处引导about后的宾语从句,且从句中语法结构完整,根据语境可知此处应用表示“是否”的词引导宾语从句,而设空处位于介词后,只能用whether,故填whether。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 密 ○ 封 ○ 装 ○ 订 ○ 线 密 ○ 封 ○ 装 ○ 订 ○ 线 密 封 线 内 不 要 答 题 限时训练2 限时30分钟 Ⅰ　阅读理解 Passage 1 　　Astronomers have examined the stars that a new space telescope might target, to prepare for one of the most advanced searches for life on other planets. They found out which star systems might be more suitable to hunt for potential life. In the 2040s, NASA plans to launch the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO). Its big goal is to image about 25 Earth-like planets in the habitable zones of sun-like stars—where water and even life could exist. Before building the HWO, scientists are working on significant challenges it will face. One of those is choosing stars within around 100 light years from Earth that the telescope might target. Caleb Harada at the University of California, Berkeley, and his team analyzed 164 potential stars to determine their characteristics. These stars could become some of the most studied stars ever. Harada and his team discovered that 102 of the stars are binaries(双星), which could make the search for life more complex. The HWO telescope will use a tool to block out the stars' light to attempt to image planets in orbit and study the gases in their atmospheres. “If binaries are too close together, the light from the unblocked star will be so bright that it'll cover up the planets and make them hard to see,” explains Bruce Macintosh from the University of California Observatories. Out of all the stars, 33 have dust rings that could make it hard to see planets clearly. “This makes the exploration harder,” says Harada. “Some stars also sometimes burst into bright flames, like our sun's flares, which aren't always deadly. But we need to check closely that they're not too strong, because these can affect life and living conditions,” explains Harada. 1.Why is the HWO to be built? A.To take pictures of Earth-like planets.　　　B.To find out habitable planets. C.To identify Earth-like planets.　　　D.To prepare for the search for life. 2.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A.The application of the telescope.　　　B.The characteristics of studied stars. C.The analysis of potential sun-like stars.　　　D.The challenge of finding the right stars. 3.What challenges planet detection around binary stars? A.The HWO telescope.　　　B.Tightly spaced binary stars. C.The brightness of unblocked stars.　　　D.The gases in planets' atmospheres. 4.What factor could prevent the formation of life according to the last paragraph? A.Space exploration.　　　B.Stars' intense bursts. C.Frequent solar flares.　　　D.Dust rings on planets. Passage 2 　　Animals appear to predict earthquakes by sensing electricity in the air—the first study to find reliable evidence of the phenomenon has shown. Cameras revealed an “amazing” drop in the number of animals up to 23 days before a major quake hit their rainforest home at Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park in Peru. Lead scientist Dr Rachel Grant, from Anglia Ruskin University, said, “The results showed that just before the earthquake, animals' activity dropped right down.” On a normal day the cameras placed around Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park recorded between 5 and 15 animals. But in the 23 days before the earthquake, the number of animals dropped to five or fewer per day. No animals were photographed at all on five of the seven days immediately before the quake. Another study showed that animal activity remained normal in the park over a different period when seismic(地震的) activity was low. The co-author, professor Friedemann Freund, said, “The cameras were located at an altitude of 900 meters. If air ionization occurred, the animals would escape to the valley below, where there were fewer positive ions(离子). With their ability to sense their environment, animals can help us understand small changes that occur before major earthquakes.” Other evidence suggested that before the earthquake, the air around the high mountain sites was filled with positive ions that can be produced when rocks are placed under stress. Positive ions have been known to cause ill effects for humans as well as animals. Scientists believe the animals were made to feel uncomfortable by the positive ions, leading them to avoid the area. They are thought to have escaped to lower ground, where the air was less ionized. The findings may help experts develop better short-term seismic forecasts. 5.How did scientists conduct the study? A.By comparing different animals' habits. B.By observing animals in high mountains. C.By explaining the positive ion phenomenon. D.By analyzing images of animals they obtained. 6.What can be inferred from animal activity before earthquakes? A.The air at a lower altitude is less ionized. B.Cameras normally record more animals per day. C.Earthquake warnings can be detected in lower places. D.The activity of animals and earthquakes is inconsistent. 7.What can we learn from the text? A.The findings make for accurate seismic forecasts. B.Animals tend to be uneasy about more positive ions. C.Positive ions make humans and animals depressed. D.All the animals remain abnormal before the earthquake. 8.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Negative Influence of Positive Ions　　　B.Ions' Destruction of the Environment C.Animals' Behavior Before Earthquakes　　　D.Creatures' Ability to Predict Earthquakes Ⅱ　七选五 　　Hurricane seasons can be wild and unpredictable. 1.　　　 Here are some ways you can beef up your home security in hurricane weather, even if you need to move out.  2.　　　 That actually does nothing to ensure your safety in the powerful winds. Sticking to hurricane shelters or plywood(胶合板) is the only way to go when it comes to protecting those points of entry in hurricane conditions. Buy sheets of plywood, measure your windows and use brackets(支架) to hold the plywood in place.  Sandbags are very useful. While sandbags won't be able to help in the extreme storm, many people will be able to prevent flooding and extensive damage to their belongings by placing sandbags. 3.　　　 Any storm water that is kept out of your home won't be able to damage the belongings inside your home, so sandbags are well worth having at your doorways during a hurricane.  It's important to prepare the inside of your home for strong winds and rain. But you should also keep an eye on the outside of your house, too. Trim(修剪) trees, especially dead branches, to prevent anything else that could fly through a window and cause damage during a hurricane. 4.　　  You should also take pictures of expensive items like electronics and keep notes of their serial numbers. 5.　　　 Also, there are always bad people out right after a storm. If the worst happens and your home is broken into right after a bad storm, having pictures and detailed notes about what was in your home prior to the hurricane will make it easier for police to track down stolen items.  A.You should have a camera at home. B.It can be strong enough to resist the forceful winds. C.Making sure nothing is loose in your yard is important. D.You may see people taping windows before a hurricane comes. E.They will be able to effectively keep storm water out in many cases. F.It will aid your insurance company if anything needs to be replaced. G.These dangerous storms can bring damage to your home and belongings. Ⅲ　完形填空 　　Edward J. Dwight Jr. has waited a long time for his ride into space. In the 1960s, he seemed ready to become America's first Black 　1　. That dream was never realized. Now, at age 90, he's about to finally get his 　2　 aboard a Blue Origin rocket. “They called me up and asked me if I was 　3　. And of course I said yes,” Dwight says.   While Dwight won't be the first African American in space—that 　4　 went to Guion Bluford Jr. in 1983—he will be the oldest person to go there, 　5　 Star Trek actor William Shatner, who flew aboard a Blue Origin rocket in 2021. For many of his age, a journey into space would seem 　6　. Dwight says he's ready to go. He points out that the difficulties of his upcoming 　7　 won't be much different from what he 　8　 as a test pilot in the Air Force. “I've pulled more G-forces than any person on Earth,” he 　9　 it with a bitter smile.  Space health expert Dorit Donoviel says the 11-minute flight means many of the 　10　 about the long-term effects of deep-space missions won't come into play. “The main thing we worry about is the G-forces,” says Donoviel. 　11　, she points out that the seats are 　12　 at 20 or 30 degrees. “As you're experiencing the G-forces, you're getting it through the 　13　, which is not affecting your head,” Donoviel says. “It's distributed through the chest, which really shouldn't 　14　 very much.”  And then there's the landing. “It's not even a controlled crash. It's a crash,” Donoviel says. Still, she 　15　 no issues.  1.A.student　　B.astronaut　　C.customer　　D.expert 2.A.name　　B.shot　　C.money　　D.job 3.A.convinced　　B.excited　　C.interested　　D.confused 4.A.honor　　B.wonder　　C.account　　D.prize 5.A.paying back　　B.edging out　　C.running after　　D.laughing at 6.A.unthinkable　　B.possible　　C.essential　　D.invaluable 7.A.risk　　B.test　　C.flight　　D.training 8.A.imagined　　B.researched　　C.experienced　　D.dreamed 9.A.realizes　　B.puts　　C.doubts　　D.shows 10.A.benefits　　B.solutions　　C.regulations　　D.concerns 11.A.Eventually　　B.Consequently　　C.Somehow　　D.However 12.A.reserved　　B.produced　　C.angled　　D.exchanged 13.A.seat　　B.chest　　C.door　　D.foot 14.A.work　　B.matter　　C.speed　　D.fail 15.A.promises　　B.encounters　　C.remembers　　D.discusses 答案全解全析 限时训练2 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Passage 1 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了美国宇航局计划在21世纪40年代发射宜居世界天文台(HWO),并对可能的目标星系进行了研究,以准备进行寻找外星生命的先进搜索。 1.A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“In the 2040s, NASA plans to launch the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO). Its big goal is to image about 25 Earth-like planets in the habitable zones of sun-like stars—where water and even life could exist. (美国宇航局计划在21世纪40年代发射宜居世界天文台,它的主要目标是在类似太阳的星系的宜居区域拍摄大约25个类地行星,那里可能存在水甚至生命。)”可知,HWO的主要目标是拍摄类地行星,即建设HWO是为了拍摄类地行星的照片。故选A。  2.D　主旨大意题。根据文章第二段最后“Before building the HWO, scientists are working on significant challenges it will face.”和第三段内容可知,科学家正在攻克将面临的挑战,挑战之一就是选择距离地球100光年以内的恒星作为望远镜可能的目标。由此可知,这一段主要讲述了寻找合适的恒星的挑战,故选D。 3.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“If binaries are too close together, the light from the unblocked star will be so bright that it'll cover up the planets and make them hard to see”可知,如果双星靠得太近,恒星发出的光就会太亮,遮住行星,使它们很难被看到。由此可知,双星周围的行星探测面临双星的间隔过于紧密的挑战。题干中的“challenges”与倒数第二段中的“make them hard to see”对应。故选B。  4.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Some stars also sometimes burst into bright flames, like our sun's flares, which aren't always deadly. But we need to check closely that they're not too strong, because these can affect life and living conditions”可知,一些恒星有时也会爆发出明亮的火焰,就像太阳的耀斑一样,虽然它们并不总是致命的,但我们需要仔细检查它们是否太强,因为它们会影响生命和生活条件。由此推知,恒星的强烈爆发会阻止生命的形成。故选B。  Passage 2 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项有可靠证据的研究,该研究表明动物似乎可以通过感知空气中的电来预测地震。科学家通过摄像机记录的地震前后动物的活动变化证明了这项研究的可靠性。 5.D　推理判断题。根据第三段“On a normal day the cameras placed around Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park recorded between 5 and 15 animals. But in the 23 days before the earthquake, the number of animals dropped to five or fewer per day. No animals were photographed at all on five of the seven days immediately before the quake.”可知,在平常和地震前摄像机捕捉到的动物图像的数量是不同的。由此推断,科学家是通过分析他们获得的动物图像进行这项研究的。故选D。 6.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Scientists believe the animals were made to feel uncomfortable by the positive ions, leading them to avoid the area. They are thought to have escaped to lower ground, where the air was less ionized.”可知,阳离子让动物感到不舒服,所以它们逃到更低的地方。由此可推断,在海拔较低的地方空气电离程度较低。故选A。 7.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Scientists believe the animals were made to feel uncomfortable by the positive ions, leading them to avoid the area.”可知,动物往往对较多的阳离子感到不适。故选B。 8.C　主旨大意题。 Para. 1 首次找到可靠证据,证明动物似乎可以通过感知空气中的电来预测地震。 Para. 2 摄像机显示,在大地震前动物数量出现惊人的下降。 Para. 3 在地震前的七天里,五天没有拍到动物。 Para. 4 如果发生空气电离,动物会逃到阳离子更少的地方。 Para. 5 地震前,空气中的阳离子让动物感到不舒服,它们会逃离那个地区。 本文主要介绍了在地震前动物的行为,从而证明了动物似乎可以通过感知空气中的电来预测地震。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些在飓风天气下加强家庭安全的方法。 ①通读全文,把握文章大意和文章结构 ②通读选项,了解各选项的中心点,画出关键词 A.You should have a camera at home.(提出建议:备一台摄像机)  B.It can be strong enough to resist the forceful winds.(前文需出现It所能指代的名词,本句介绍其作用:抵抗强风) C.Making sure nothing is loose in your yard is important.(介绍重要性,关注人称代词)  D.You may see people taping windows before a hurricane comes.(关键点:用胶带加固窗户)  E.They will be able to effectively keep storm water out in many cases.(介绍They的作用,前文需要出现They所能指代的复数名词,作用是可以阻挡雨水) F.It will aid your insurance company if anything needs to be replaced.(前文需要出现It所能指代的内容,本句介绍It的作用:可以帮助保险公司) G.These dangerous storms can bring damage to your home and belongings.(介绍dangerous storms的危害)  ③把选项一一代入文章空处,寻找每个题最适合的选项 1.G　根据前文“Hurricane seasons can be wild and unpredictable.”和后文“Here are some ways you can beef up your home security in hurricane weather...”可知,此处提到飓风,且下文要介绍在飓风天气加强家庭安全的方法,所以G项“这些危险的暴风雨会给你的房屋和财物带来损害。”承接上下文。故选G。 2.D　根据后文“That actually does nothing to ensure your safety in the powerful winds.(这实际上并不能保证你在强风中的安全。)”可知,That是指前文中提到的人们面对飓风时会做的保护措施,所以D项“你可能会看到人们在飓风来之前用胶带固定窗户。”切合文意。故选D。 3.E　根据后文“Any storm water that is kept out of your home won't be able to damage the belongings inside your home(任何被挡在家外面的暴雨水都不会损坏你家里的财物)”可知,此处是指沙袋可以把暴雨水挡在外面,所以E项“在许多情况下,它们将能够有效地把暴雨水挡在外面。”切合文意,They指代sandbags。故选E。 4.C　根据前文“Trim (修剪) trees, especially dead branches, to prevent anything else that could fly through a window and cause damage during a hurricane.”可知,此处是指防止庭院里有松动了的东西被吹到屋子里造成破坏,所以C项“确保你的院子里没有任何东西松动是很重要的。”切合文意。故选C。 5.F　根据前文“You should also take pictures of expensive items like electronics and keep notes of their serial numbers.”可知,此处是指给昂贵的物品拍照并记下它们的序列号有助于向保险公司申请赔偿,所以F项“如果有什么东西需要更换,它会帮助你的保险公司。”切合文意。故选F。 Ⅲ.完形填空 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了90岁高龄的Edward J. Dwight Jr.将乘坐火箭进入太空,实现其多年的梦想。 1.B　根据上文“Edward J. Dwight Jr. has waited a long time for his ride into space.”可知Edward J. Dwight Jr.为他的太空之旅等待了很久,所以应该是想成为宇航员。student学生;astronaut宇航员;customer客户;expert专家。故选B。  2.B　句意:现在,90岁高龄的他终于要登上蓝色起源的火箭了。根据下文“aboard a Blue Origin rocket”可知他终于有机会乘火箭了。name名字;shot尝试;money金钱;job工作。故选B。 3.C　根据下文“While Dwight won't be the first African American in space...he will be the oldest person to go there”可知他们打电话是问Dwight是否对进入太空感兴趣。convinced坚信的;excited激动的;interested感兴趣的;confused困惑的。故选C。 4.A　句意:虽然Dwight不会是第一个进入太空的非洲裔美国人——1983年,Guion Bluford Jr.被授予了这一荣誉——但他将成为进入太空的最年长的人,超越了《星际迷航》的演员William Shatner,William Shatner于2021年乘坐蓝色起源火箭进入太空。根据上文“While Dwight won't be the first African American in space”可知是第一个进入太空的非洲裔美国人这项荣誉。honor荣誉;wonder奇迹;account账号;prize奖品。故选A。  5.B　句意同上。根据上文“he will be the oldest person to go there”可知他将是进入太空的最年长的人,所以是超越。pay back偿还;edge out险胜,勉强击败;run after追求;laugh at嘲笑。故选B。  6.A　根据第一段中的“Now, at age 90, he's about to finally get his shot aboard a Blue Origin rocket.”可知Dwight已经90岁了,结合常识可知对于这么大年龄的人来说能去太空应该是无法想象的。unthinkable无法想象的;possible可能的;essential基本的;invaluable无价的。故选A。 7.C　句意:他指出,他即将到来的飞行的困难与他在空军担任试飞员时所经历的困难没有太大的不同。根据上文“For many of his age, a journey into space would seem unthinkable.”可知此处指的是Dwight去太空的飞行。risk危险;test测试;flight飞行;training训练。故选C。  8.C　句意同上。根据上文“the difficulties of his”和下文“as a test pilot in the Air Force”可知是担任试飞员要经历的困难。imagine想象;research研究;experience经历;dream梦想。故选C。  9.B　句意:“我比地球上任何一个人承受了更多的重力。”他苦笑着说。根据上文“I've pulled more G-forces than any person on Earth”可知这是他表达的看法。realize意识到;put说,表达;doubt怀疑;show展示。故选B。 10.D　根据下文“the long-term effects of deep-space missions”和“The main thing we worry about is the G-forces”可知,此处指所担心的长期深空任务的影响。benefit益处;solution解决办法;regulation规定;concern担忧。下文的“worry about”是同义复现,故选D。  11.D　根据上文“The main thing we worry about is the G-forces”和下文“she points out that the seats are 　12　 at 20 or 30 degrees”“As you're experiencing the G-forces, you're getting it through the 　13　, which is not affecting your head”可知空前后是转折关系,表示虽然“我们”主要担心的是重力问题,但座位是倾斜20度或30度的,不会影响到大脑(判断逻辑关系)。eventually最终;consequently因此;somehow不知怎么地;however然而。故选D。  12.C　根据下文“at 20 or 30 degrees”可知是座位倾斜20度或30度。reserve保留;produce产生;angle斜置;exchange交换。故选C。 13.B　根据下文“which is not affecting your head”和“It's distributed through the chest”可知此处是chest的同词复现。seat座位;chest胸部;door门;foot脚。故选B。 14.B　根据上文“As you're experiencing the G-forces, you're getting it through the chest, which is not affecting your head”可知通过胸部感受到重力,不会影响到头部,所以不那么要紧。work起作用;matter要紧;speed加速;fail失败。故选B。  15.A　根据下文“no issues”可知她保证不会有问题。promise承诺;encounter遭遇;remember记住;discuss讨论。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $