内容正文:
第01讲 Unit 1 The Amazon rainforest: a natural treasure (必修三)
单元教学目标
维度
教学目标
核
心
素
养
语言能力
掌握环保核心词汇;学习并运用省略这一语法项目;完成保护动物倡议短文写作。
文化意识
了解热带雨林及动物保护知识,培养人与自然和谐共处的意识。
思维品质
掌握纪录片与访谈脚本的结构特征;学会区分观点与论据,并能够有条理地表达个人观点。
学习能力
通过小组协作,收集整理资料,制作一份关于环境问题的小册子。
重点知识与技能简表
项目
核心内容
重点单词
ecosystem, species, biodiversity, tropical, conservation, destruction, habitat, resource, endanger, sustainable
必备词组
in turn, break down, breathe life into, due to, build up, come up with, spring to mind, get rid of, give rise to
课文预习
完成课文相关阅读理解试题
基础语法
归纳与省略 (学会识别并运用上下文中的省略结构,使语言更简洁连贯)
写作应用
仿写保护动物的倡议短文 (运用本单元词汇、句型,结构清晰,具有说服力)
************◄ 重点单词 ► ************
一、 朗读生词表,根据中文提示,写出以下单词。
1. n. 生物多样性
2. n. (单复数同形) 种,物种
3. n. 野生动植物,野生生物
4. n. 生活环境,栖息地
5. n. 灭绝,绝种
6. n. 地区,区域;行政区
7. n. 大陆,陆地,洲
8. n. 碳
9. n. 影响,作用;撞击,冲撞;vi. & vt. 有影响;冲击
10. n. 灭绝,绝种
11. n. 气候;倾向,风气
12. n. 哺乳动物
13. n. 农业,农学
14. n. 温室,暖房
15. n. 微生物
16. n. 影响,作用;撞击,冲撞;vi. & vt. 有影响;冲击
二、用以上单词完成句子。
1. The project aims to map and protect the unique _____________ of the deep-sea floor.
2. The panda is an endangered _____________ that serves as an important symbol for wildlife conservation.
3. National parks play a crucial role in providing a safe refuge for native _____________.
4. Deforestation has destroyed the natural _____________ of many birds and insects.
5. Scientists warn that human activities are accelerating the rate of _____________ for many creatures.
6. This mountainous _____________ is known for its heavy rainfall and rich ecosystem.
7. Africa is a _____________ with an incredibly diverse range of cultures and landscapes.
8. Planting more trees can help reduce the amount of _____________ dioxide in the atmosphere.
9. The new policy is expected to have a positive _____________ on environmental protection efforts.
10. The tropical _____________ of the area supports the growth of dense rainforests.
11. The whale, a marine (海洋) _____________, needs to surface regularly to breathe air.
12. Modern _____________ relies heavily on technology to increase crop yields.
13. Farmers use _____________ to grow vegetables all year round by controlling temperature and humidity.
14. Soil health depends on the activities of billions of beneficial _____________.
三、朗读并牢记以下单词及其相关词性变化。
1. harm n./v. 伤害 → harmful adj. 有害的 → harmless adj. 无害的
2. length n. 长度 → lengthen v. 延长 → long adj & adv. 长(的) v. 渴望
3. variety n. 多样;种类 → various adj. 各种各样的 → vary v. 变化
4. living n. 生活;生计 adj. 活的→ live v. 生活;居住 adj. 现场的→ alive adj. 活着的
5. survive v. 幸存;比⋯⋯活得长 → survival n. 生存 → survivor n. 幸存者
6. nutrient n. 营养素 adj. 滋养的 → nutritious adj. 有营养的 → nutrition n. 营养
7. application n. 申请;应用 → apply v. 申请;应用 → applicant n. 申请人
8. organization n. 组织 → organize v. 组织 → organizer n. 组织者
9. defence (美式:defense) n. 防御;辩护 → defend v. 防御;辩护 → defensive adj. 防御性的
10. economic adj. 经济的 → economy n. 经济 → economics n. 经济学
11. official n. 官员 adj. 官方的 → officially adv. 官方 → office n. 办公室;职务
12. chemical n. 化学品 adj. 化学的 → chemistry n. 化学 → chemist n. 化学家;药剂师
四、 用以上单词及其变化形式,完成下列句子。
1. It is important to measure the exact ________ of the new bridge to ensure its safety. The construction process may ________ due to bad weather, but the ________ reports often slow down decision-making. (long)
2. The city’s rapid ________ growth has led to a booming ________. Experts in ________ suggest that a balanced approach is crucial for long-term stability. (economic)
3. Some industrial waste can ________ the environment because it contains chemicals that are ________ to aquatic (水上的)life. We must find ________ alternatives to protect our rivers.(harm)
4. To improve public health, the community ________ will ________ a series of activities. The event ________ said their goal is to promote the ________ of a healthier living style among residents. (organization)
5. There is a great ________ of street food in this area, which ________ from season to season. You can find ________ dishes representing cultures from all over the world. (variety)
6. The local government officials recently announced a new policy to ________ the historical sites. They have increased the budget for the ________ of these cultural treasures from potential damage. (defence)
7. After the earthquake, the ________ rate was high thanks to the efficient rescue teams. The last ________ was pulled out from the rubble (瓦砾) 72 hours later, having managed to ________ on a small bottle of water. (survive)
8. For the job ________, please ________ online and submit your resume. All ________ will be informed of the result within two weeks. (application)
9. A balanced diet should be rich in ________. Good ________ is essential for children's growth, so parents should provide ________ meals every day. (nutrient)
10. The professor will host the opening ceremony of the science fair. He used to work in the dean's ________ and is now a senior ________ in the Ministry of Education. (official)
************◄ 必备词组 ► ************
一、英译中。
1. in turn
2. break down
3. breathe life into
4. due to
5. build up
6. come up with
7. spring to mind
8. get rid of
9. give rise to
二、用以上词组完成下列句子,注意形式的变化。
1. Learning a musical instrument can improve concentration and memory, which can __________ enhance overall academic performance.
2. Plastics can take hundreds of years __________ naturally in the environment.
3. The young director's innovative vision __________ the classic play, making it popular with modern audiences.
4. The football match was postponed __________ the sudden heavy rainstorm.
5. Regular exercise helps __________ muscle strength and improve cardiovascular (心血管的) health over time.
6. Faced with a complex problem, the engineering team worked together __________ a practical and efficient solution.
7. When thinking about Italian cuisine, pizza and pasta immediately __________.
8. To create more space in the garage, we need __________ some old furniture and unused items.
9. The widespread use of social media __________ new forms of communication and online communities.
************◄ 预习课文 ► ************
一、阅读The Amazon rainforest: a natural treasure,选出正确选项。
1. What do we know about the Amazon River from the passage?
A. It is about 100 kilometers longer than the Yangtze River.
B. It runs through eight countries and one French place.
C. Its name comes from the forest around it.
D. It is the third longest river in South America.
2. What does the paragraph about birds, the jaguar and frogs mainly tell us?
A. How the jaguar looks and what it eats.
B. How many animals live in the rainforest.
C. How living things in the forest depend on each other.
D. Why the jaguar is very important to the forest.
3. What does the writer want to show by talking about a dead jaguar and microorganisms?
A. Everything in the forest is useful and nothing is wasted.
B. Microorganisms in the rainforest work very fast.
C. Jaguars give the most important food to the soil.
D. The death of a jaguar is bad for other animals.
4. What makes the Amazon rainforest a natural treasure?
A. It is very large and helps to control the world's weather.
B. It has the Amazon River and many different kinds of land.
C. It is like a huge, layered home to all kinds of living things.
D. It has too many species, helps make the air we breathe, and may give us food or medicine.
5. What is the writer's answer to the question at the end of the passage: “can we afford to damage the ‘lungs of the planet’?”
A. Yes, because we need farm land to grow food.
B. No, because it provides air for the Earth and this cannot be replaced.
C. Yes, because other places can do the same job if this one is gone.
D. No, because it has many useful plants and animals.
二、阅读News that matters: pollution in Norgate,选出正确选项。
1. According to Julie Archer, how can ordinary people help fight pollution?
A. By using cleaner energy sources.
B. By creating more green jobs.
C. By following the rule: reduce, reuse, recycle.
D. By reporting factories to the government.
2. What is Vincent Brown's main point in defending local factories?
A. Factories are not the main cause of pollution.
B. The public misunderstands their efforts and value.
C. Pollution control measures are too expensive.
D. The committee's policies are unfair.
3. What can be inferred about James Smith from his words?
A. He has worked in a heavy industry factory.
B. He cares more about health than jobs.
C. He regrets moving to Norgate long ago.
D. The pollution has changed his lifestyle.
4. What is the main purpose of the host quoting the former UN official's words at the end?
A. To end the discussion on a hopeful note.
B. To suggest economic growth is more important.
C. To stress that environmental and economic goals are linked.
D. To call for immediate action against all factories.
5. If a new factory wants to open in Norgate, which of Julie Archer's suggestions would most likely be part of the approval process?
A. Asking it to teach people the “reduce, reuse, recycle” rule.
B. Requiring it to use certain clean technologies.
C. Suggesting it hire only local people like Mr. Smith.
D. Expecting it to close old factories first.
************◄ 基础语法 ► ************
一、什么是省略?
省略,就是为了避免重复、使语言更简洁流畅,在不影响句子意思的情况下,省去句子中的一个或几个成分。简单说,就是能不说废话就不说!
二、省略有什么作用?
避免重复:让句子不啰嗦。
语言简洁:使表达更精炼、有力。
衔接自然:让上下文连接更紧密。
三、有哪些常见的省略情况?
1. 简单句中的省略
通常在对话中,省略对方已经知道的部分。
A: Are you tired? (你累吗?)
B: Yes, I am (tired). (是的,我累。) → 省略了表语 tired。
A: Who broke the cup? (谁打碎了杯子?)
B: Tom (did). (汤姆。) → 省略了谓语动词 did。
A: When will you leave? (你什么时候走?)
B: (I will leave) Tomorrow. (明天。) → 省略了主语和谓语。
2. 并列句中的省略
在由 and, but, or 等连接的句子中,如果后面分句有与前面相同的部分,常可省略。
Tom likes football, and Mary (likes) basketball.
汤姆喜欢足球,玛丽(喜欢)篮球。 → 省略相同的谓语动词 likes。
She can sing, and he can (sing) too.
她会唱歌,他也会(唱)。 → 省略相同的谓语部分 sing。
John will clean the windows, and Peter (will clean) the floor.
约翰擦窗户,彼得(擦)地板。 → 省略了相同的“will clean”。
3. 状语从句中的省略
在由 when, while, if, though, as 等引导的状语从句中,如果主语与主句一致,且谓语含有 be 动词,可省略“主语+be”。
When (you are) in trouble, ask for help.
(当你)遇到麻烦时,要寻求帮助。 → 省略 you are。
If (it is) possible, come early tomorrow.
如果(是)可能的话,明天早点来。 → 省略 it is。
He looked around as if (he was) looking for something.
他四处张望,好像(在)找什么东西。 → 省略 he was。
4. 比较句中的省略
在 than 或 as...as... 引导的比较句中,常省略与前面相同的部分。
He runs faster than I (run).
他跑得比我(跑得)快。 → 省略谓语动词 run。
She is as tall as her sister (is).
她和她姐姐一样高。 → 省略系动词 is。
He has more books than (he has) time to read.
他的书比(他有)时间读的(书)还多。 → 省略了主语和谓语 he has。
5. 动词不定式中的省略
为避免重复,常省略不定式符号 to 后面的动词原形,只保留 to。
A: Would you like to join us? (你想加入我们吗?)
B: Yes, I'd love to (join you). (是的,我很愿意(加入)。)→ 省略 join you。
You can go with me if you want to (go).
如果你想(去),可以和我一起去。 → 省略 go。
四、巩固练习
请根据省略原则,用最简洁的方式补全或改写句子。
1. 补全对话:
A: Is this your bike?
B: No, it isn't. But I think ______ John's.
2. 合并句子:
Some people like rainy days. Some people don't like rainy days.
→ Some people like rainy days, but others ______.
3. 简化状语从句:
While I was walking in the park, I saw a bird.
→ ______ in the park, I saw a bird.
4. 完成比较句:
He studies harder than I study.
→ He studies harder than ______.
5. 回答提问:
A: Would you like to come to my party?
B: Yes, I'd be happy ______.
************◄ 倡议信 ► ************
一、英文倡议信写作特点
目的明确:围绕一个清晰、具体的倡议目标(如“保护大熊猫栖息地”),而非泛泛而谈(“保护动物”)。
对象清晰:明确读者是谁(如全校同学、社区居民),语言和内容要符合读者身份。
结构清晰:通常采用“问题阐述 → 原因分析 → 行动倡议”的逻辑结构。
语言有号召力:使用积极、鼓动性的语言,呼吁共同行动。
内容具体可行:提出的建议要具体、可操作,而非空喊口号。
二、各部分常用句型
开头:阐明目的与问题
开门见山式:
I am writing to call on everyone to pay attention to the serious problem of... (我写此信是为了呼吁大家关注⋯⋯的严重问题。)
Have you ever thought about how we can help save endangered animals? (你可曾想过我们如何能帮助拯救濒危动物?)
引人深思式:
It is heart-breaking to know that many wild animals are facing the threat of extinction. (得知许多野生动物正面临灭绝威胁,令人心碎。)
中间:分析原因与提出具体倡议
分析原因(简要):
This is mainly due to habitat loss and illegal hunting. (这主要是由于栖息地丧失和非法狩猎。)
提出倡议(核心部分):
Firstly, it would be greatly appreciated if we could... (首先,如果我们能……将不胜感激。)
Secondly, why not...? (其次,为什么不……呢?)
Moreover, let's make a joint effort to...(此外,让我们共同努力……)
A simple but effective action is to...(一个简单而有效的行动是……)
结尾:强化呼吁与展望
呼吁行动:
Every little effort counts. Let's act now! (每一份努力都重要。让我们立即行动!)
Together, we can make a real difference.(团结一心,我们能真正改变现状。)
表达信心与感谢:
I believe that with our combined efforts, a brighter future for wildlife is possible. (我相信通过我们的共同努力,野生动物更光明的未来是可能实现的。)
Thank you for your attention and action. (感谢您的关注与行动。)
三、写作模板框架
标题 An Appeal to Protect [倡议对象,如: Endangered Animals]
开头段 问候 + 背景介绍 + 点明严峻问题/倡议主题。
中间段 简要说明1-2个主要原因 + 提出2-3个具体可行的行动建议。
结尾段 总结并发出强有力的共同行动呼吁。
四、范文示例
假定你是红星中学学生会主席李华。你校近期将开展“校园野生动物保护周”活动,但在校园论坛上发现部分同学存在以下观点:
1. 保护野生动物是专家的事,中学生做不了什么;
2. 生活在城市里,我们接触不到野生动物;
3. 学习太忙,没有时间参与环保活动。
请你以学生会名义,在校英文报“Student Voice”专栏写一封公开倡议信,回应这些观点并号召同学们积极参与保护活动。
An Appeal to Protect Our Endangered Wildlife
Dear fellow students,
Have you ever thought that tigers and pandas might disappear forever? Sadly, many animals are dying out due to habitat loss and illegal hunting.
We must act now! Here is what we can do: First, learn and share knowledge about endangered species. Second, say no to products made from wild animals. Most importantly, support wildlife protection groups.
Every little effort counts. Together, we can be the voice for those who cannot speak. Let's build a future where humans and animals live in harmony!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
2 / 2
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第01讲 Unit 1 The Amazon rainforest: a natural treasure (必修三)
单元教学目标
维度
教学目标
核
心
素
养
语言能力
掌握环保核心词汇;学习并运用省略这一语法项目;完成保护动物倡议短文写作。
文化意识
了解热带雨林及动物保护知识,培养人与自然和谐共处的意识。
思维品质
掌握纪录片与访谈脚本的结构特征;学会区分观点与论据,并能够有条理地表达个人观点。
学习能力
通过小组协作,收集整理资料,制作一份关于环境问题的小册子。
重点知识与技能简表
项目
核心内容
重点单词
ecosystem, species, biodiversity, tropical, conservation, destruction, habitat, resource, endanger, sustainable
必备词组
in turn, break down, breathe life into, due to, build up, come up with, spring to mind, get rid of, give rise to
课文预习
完成课文相关阅读理解试题
基础语法
归纳与省略 (学会识别并运用上下文中的省略结构,使语言更简洁连贯)
写作应用
仿写保护动物的倡议短文 (运用本单元词汇、句型,结构清晰,具有说服力)
************◄ 重点单词 ► ************
一、 朗读生词表,根据中文提示,写出以下单词。
1. n. 生物多样性 biodiversity
2. n. (单复数同形) 种,物种 species
3. n. 野生动植物,野生生物 wildlife
4. n. 生活环境,栖息地 habitat
5. n. 灭绝,绝种 extinction
6. n. 地区,区域;行政区 region
7. n. 大陆,陆地,洲 continent
8. n. 碳 carbon
9. n. 影响,作用;撞击,冲撞;vi. & vt. 有影响;冲击 impact
10. n. 灭绝,绝种 extinction
11. n. 气候;倾向,风气 climate
12. n. 哺乳动物 mammal
13. n. 农业,农学 agriculture
14. n. 温室,暖房 greenhouse
15. n. 微生物 microorganism
16. n. 影响,作用;撞击,冲撞;vi. & vt. 有影响;冲击 impact
二、用以上单词完成句子。
1. The project aims to map and protect the unique _____________ of the deep-sea floor.
【答案】biodiversity
【详解】句意为“该项目旨在绘制并保护深海海底独特的________。” 根据“map and protect the unique”的语境,需要一个名词来描述一种需要被绘制和保护的(生物)集合体,应填入表示“生物多样性”的名词biodiversity。
2. The panda is an endangered _____________ that serves as an important symbol for wildlife conservation.
【答案】species
【详解】句意为“熊猫是一种濒危________,是野生动物保护的重要象征。” 根据“an endangered”的语境,需要一个可数名词单数形式,表示生物分类单位,应填入表示“物种”的名词species。
3. National parks play a crucial role in providing a safe refuge for native _____________.
【答案】wildlife
【详解】句意为“国家公园在为本土________提供安全避难所方面起着至关重要的作用。” 根据“native”和“safe refuge”的语境,需要一个集合名词,表示某一地区的动物和植物,应填入表示“野生动植物”的名词wildlife。
4. Deforestation has destroyed the natural _____________ of many birds and insects.
【答案】habitat
【详解】句意为“森林砍伐已经破坏了许多鸟类和昆虫的自然________。” 根据“natural...of many birds and insects”的语境,需要一个名词,表示生物自然生活、生长的地方,应填入表示“栖息地”的名词habitat。
5. Scientists warn that human activities are accelerating the rate of _____________ for many creatures.
【答案】extinction
【详解】句意为“科学家警告,人类活动正在加速许多生物的________速度。” 根据“the rate of”的语境,需要一个名词,表示生物完全消失、不复存在的过程或状态,应填入表示“灭绝”的名词extinction。
6. This mountainous _____________ is known for its heavy rainfall and rich ecosystem.
【答案】region
【详解】句意为“这个多山________以其丰富的降雨量和丰富的生态系统而闻名。” 根据“This mountainous”的语境,需要一个名词,表示一个特定的地理区域,应填入表示“地区”的名词region。
7. Africa is a _____________ with an incredibly diverse range of cultures and landscapes.
【答案】continent
【详解】句意为“非洲是一个拥有极其多样的文化和地貌的________。” 根据“Africa is a”的语境,需要一个名词,表示地球上的主要大块陆地,应填入表示“大陆”的名词continent。
8. Planting more trees can help reduce the amount of _____________ dioxide in the atmosphere.
【答案】carbon
【详解】句意为“种植更多的树木有助于减少大气中二氧化_______含量。” 根据“dioxide”的语境,需要一个名词,作为“二氧化碳”这一化合物名称的组成部分,应填入表示“碳”的名词carbon。
9. The new policy is expected to have a positive _____________ on environmental protection efforts.
【答案】impact
【详解】句意为“新政策预计将对环境保护工作产生积极的________。” 根据“have a positive...on”的固定搭配,需要一个名词,表示产生的影响或作用,应填入表示“影响”的名词impact。
10. The tropical _____________ of the area supports the growth of dense rainforests.
【答案】climate
【详解】句意为“该地区的热带________支撑着茂密热带雨林的生长。” 根据“tropical”的语境,需要一个名词,表示一个地区长期的天气模式,应填入表示“气候”的名词climate。
11. The whale, a marine (海洋) _____________, needs to surface regularly to breathe air.
【答案】mammal
【详解】句意为“鲸鱼是一种海洋________,需要定期浮出水面呼吸空气。” 根据“marine”和“breathe air”的语境,需要一个名词,表示一类用肺呼吸、通常胎生的温血动物,应填入表示“哺乳动物”的名词mammal。
12. Modern _____________ relies heavily on technology to increase crop yields.
【答案】agriculture
【详解】句意为“现代________严重依赖技术来提高作物产量。” 根据“modern”和“crop yields”的语境,需要一个名词,表示耕作土地、饲养牲畜以生产食物的行业,应填入表示“农业”的名词agriculture。
13. Farmers use _____________ to grow vegetables all year round by controlling temperature and humidity.
【答案】greenhouse
【详解】句意为“农民们使用________,通过控制温度和湿度来全年种植蔬菜。” 根据“use...to grow vegetables”的语境,需要一个名词,表示一种用于种植植物的受控环境建筑,应填入表示“温室”的名词greenhouse。
14. Soil health depends on the activities of billions of beneficial _____________.
【答案】microorganisms
【详解】句意为“土壤的健康依赖于数十亿有益________的活动。” 根据“billions of beneficial”的语境,需要一个名词复数形式,表示微小的生命体,应填入表示“微生物”的名词microorganisms。
三、朗读并牢记以下单词及其相关词性变化。
1. harm n./v. 伤害 → harmful adj. 有害的 → harmless adj. 无害的
2. length n. 长度 → lengthen v. 延长 → long adj & adv. 长(的) v. 渴望
3. variety n. 多样;种类 → various adj. 各种各样的 → vary v. 变化
4. living n. 生活;生计 adj. 活的→ live v. 生活;居住 adj. 现场的→ alive adj. 活着的
5. survive v. 幸存;比⋯⋯活得长 → survival n. 生存 → survivor n. 幸存者
6. nutrient n. 营养素 adj. 滋养的 → nutritious adj. 有营养的 → nutrition n. 营养
7. application n. 申请;应用 → apply v. 申请;应用 → applicant n. 申请人
8. organization n. 组织 → organize v. 组织 → organizer n. 组织者
9. defence (美式:defense) n. 防御;辩护 → defend v. 防御;辩护 → defensive adj. 防御性的
10. economic adj. 经济的 → economy n. 经济 → economics n. 经济学
11. official n. 官员 adj. 官方的 → officially adv. 官方 → office n. 办公室;职务
12. chemical n. 化学品 adj. 化学的 → chemistry n. 化学 → chemist n. 化学家;药剂师
四、 用以上单词及其变化形式,完成下列句子。
1. It is important to measure the exact ________ of the new bridge to ensure its safety. The construction process may ________ due to bad weather, but the ________ reports often slow down decision-making. (long)
【答案】length; lengthen; lengthy
【解析】第一个空格在形容词“exact”之后,作宾语,需要名词“长度”。第二个空格在情态动词“may”之后,需要动词原形,表示“延长”。第三个空格修饰名词“reports”,需要形容词,表示“长的”。
2. The city’s rapid ________ growth has led to a booming ________. Experts in ________ suggest that a balanced approach is crucial for long-term stability. (economic)
【答案】economic; economy; economics
【解析】第一个空格修饰名词“growth”,需要形容词“经济的”。第二个空格作动词“led to”的宾语,需要名词“经济(状况)”。第三个空格在介词“in”之后,作“Experts”的领域定语,需要学科名词“经济学”。
3. Some industrial waste can ________ the environment because it contains chemicals that are ________ to aquatic (水上的)life. We must find ________ alternatives to protect our rivers.(harm)
【答案】harm; harmful; harmless
【解析】第一个空格在情态动词“can”之后,需要动词原形“伤害”。第二个空格在系动词“are”之后作表语,需要形容词“有害的”。第三个空格修饰名词“alternatives”,需要形容词“无害的”。
4. To improve public health, the community ________ will ________ a series of activities. The event ________ said their goal is to promote the ________ of a healthier living style among residents. (organization)
【答案】organization; organize; organizer(s); application;
【解析】第一个空格作句子主语,需要名词“组织”。第二个空格跟在“will”后,需要动词原形“组织”。第三个空格作主语,由“The event”修饰,需要名词“组织者”。第四个空格在定冠词“the”之后、介词“of”之前,需要名词“应用、实践”。
5. There is a great ________ of street food in this area, which ________ from season to season. You can find ________ dishes representing cultures from all over the world. (variety)
【答案】variety; varies; various
【解析】第一个空格在“a great”之后,作there be句型的主语,需要名词“多样性”。第二个空格作定语从句的谓语,主语为“which”(指代variety),需用动词第三人称单数“变化”。第三个空格修饰名词“dishes”,需要形容词“各种各样的”。
6. The local government officials recently announced a new policy to ________ the historical sites. They have increased the budget for the ________ of these cultural treasures from potential damage. (defence)
【答案】defend; defence/defense
【解析】第一个空格在不定式“to”之后,需要动词原形“保护、防御”。第二个空格在定冠词“the”和介词“for”之后,需要名词“防御、保护”。
7. After the earthquake, the ________ rate was high thanks to the efficient rescue teams. The last ________ was pulled out from the rubble (瓦砾) 72 hours later, having managed to ________ on a small bottle of water. (survive)
【答案】survival; survivor; survive
【解析】第一个空格由形容词“high”修饰,作主语,需要名词“生存率”。第二个空格作主语,由“The last”修饰,需要名词“幸存者”。第三个空格在不定式“to”之后,需要动词原形“幸存、活下来”。
8. For the job ________, please ________ online and submit your resume. All ________ will be informed of the result within two weeks. (application)
【答案】application; apply; applicants
【解析】第一个空格在“the job”之后,作介词“for”的宾语,需要名词“申请”。第二个空格在祈使句中,需要动词原形“申请”。第三个空格作主语,由“All”修饰,需要名词复数“申请人”。
9. A balanced diet should be rich in ________. Good ________ is essential for children's growth, so parents should provide ________ meals every day. (nutrient)
【答案】nutrients; nutrition; nutritious
【解析】第一个空格在“be rich in”短语后作宾语,常用复数形式,指各类“营养素”。第二个空格作主语,需要名词“营养(学)”。第三个空格修饰名词“meals”,需要形容词“有营养的”。
10. The professor will host the opening ceremony of the science fair. He used to work in the dean's ________ and is now a senior ________ in the Ministry of Education. (official)
【答案】office; official
【解析】第一个空格在“the dean's”所有格之后,需要名词“办公室”。第二个空格在“a senior”之后,需要名词“官员”。
************◄ 必备词组 ► ************
一、英译中。
1. in turn 相应地,转而
2. break down 使分解(为),使变化(成)
3. breathe life into 给⋯⋯带来起色,注入活力
4. due to 由于,因为
5. build up 逐渐增加,扩大
6. come up with 想出,想到
7. spring to mind 突然记起(或想到)
8. get rid of 摆脱,丢弃,扔掉
9. give rise to 使发生(或存在)
二、用以上词组完成下列句子,注意形式的变化。
1. Learning a musical instrument can improve concentration and memory, which can __________ enhance overall academic performance.
【答案】in turn
【详解】句意为“学习一种乐器可以提高注意力和记忆力,这________能提升整体学业表现。”根据“which can...enhance”和前后逻辑,需要一个副词性短语,表示前一个结果(提高注意力和记忆力)会相应地、继而引发后一个结果(提升学业),应填入表示“相应地,转而”的短语 in turn。
【译文】学习一种乐器可以提高注意力和记忆力,这相应地能提升整体学业表现。
2. Plastics can take hundreds of years __________ naturally in the environment.
【答案】break down
【详解】句意为“塑料可能需要数百年才能在环境中自然________。”根据“naturally in the environment”的语境,需要一个动词短语,表示物质分解成更小、更简单的组成部分的过程,应填入表示“使分解(为),使变化(成)”的短语 break down。
【译文】 塑料可能需要数百年才能在环境中自然分解。
3. The young director's innovative vision __________ the classic play, making it popular with modern audiences.
【答案】breathed life into
【详解】句意为“这位年轻导演富有创意的构想给这部经典戏剧________,使其受到了现代观众的欢迎。”根据“innovative vision”和“making it popular”的语境,需要一个动词短语,表示给某事物带来新的活力、吸引力或生机,应填入表示“给…带来起色,注入活力”的短语 breathed life into。
【译文】 这位年轻导演富有创意的构想给这部经典戏剧注入了活力,使其受到了现代观众的欢迎。
4. The football match was postponed __________ the sudden heavy rainstorm.
【答案】due to
【详解】句意为“足球比赛被推迟了________突如其来的大暴雨。”根据“postponed”和“the sudden heavy rainstorm”之间的因果关系,需要一个介词短语来引出原因,应填入表示“由于,因为”的短语 due to。
【译文】 足球比赛由于突如其来的大暴雨而被推迟了。
5. Regular exercise helps __________ muscle strength and improve cardiovascular (心血管的) health over time.
【答案】build up
【详解】句意为“定期锻炼有助于随时间________肌肉力量并改善心血管健康。”根据“over time”和“helps to...strength”的语境,需要一个动词短语,表示通过持续努力使某物逐渐增加、增强或发展,应填入表示“逐渐增加,扩大”的短语 build up。
【译文】 定期锻炼有助于随时间增强肌肉力量并改善心血管健康。
6. Faced with a complex problem, the engineering team worked together __________ a practical and efficient solution.
【答案】come up with
【详解】句意为“面对一个复杂的问题,工程团队共同努力________了一个实用且高效的解决方案。”根据“worked together to...a solution”的语境,需要一个动词短语,表示经过思考或讨论后产生、提出(想法、计划等),应填入表示“想出,想到”的短语 come up with。
【译文】 面对一个复杂的问题,工程团队共同努力想出了一个实用且高效的解决方案。
7. When thinking about Italian cuisine, pizza and pasta immediately __________.
【答案】spring to mind
【详解】句意为“一提到意大利美食,披萨和意面立刻________。”根据“When thinking about...”的语境,需要一个动词短语,表示想法、形象等快速、自然地出现在脑海中,应填入表示“突然记起(或想到)”的短语 spring to mind。
【译文】 一提到意大利美食,披萨和意面立刻浮现脑海。
8. To create more space in the garage, we need __________ some old furniture and unused items.
【答案】(to) get rid of
【详解】句意为“为了在车库里腾出更多空间,我们需要________一些旧家具和用不上的物品。”根据“create more space”和“old furniture and unused items”的语境,需要一个动词短语,表示处理掉、丢弃不再需要的东西,应填入表示“摆脱,丢弃,扔掉”的短语 get rid of。
【译文】 为了在车库里腾出更多空间,我们需要处理掉一些旧家具和用不上的物品。
9. The widespread use of social media __________ new forms of communication and online communities.
【答案】given rise to
【详解】句意为“社交媒体的广泛使用________了新的交流形式和线上社区。”根据“widespread use”与“new forms”之间的因果关系,需要一个动词短语,表示导致、引起某事物的出现或产生,应填入表示“使发生(或存在)”的短语 given rise to。
【译文】 社交媒体的广泛使用催生了新的交流形式和线上社区。
************◄ 预习课文 ► ************
一、阅读The Amazon rainforest: a natural treasure,选出正确选项。
1. What do we know about the Amazon River from the passage?
A. It is about 100 kilometers longer than the Yangtze River.
B. It runs through eight countries and one French place.
C. Its name comes from the forest around it.
D. It is the third longest river in South America.
答案: A
解析: 细节理解题。文章里直接写了:“...is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.” 所以A是对的。
干扰项分析:
B: 不对。文章说“The Amazon rainforest crosses into...”,是森林跨越了这些地方,不是河流。
C: 不对。文章写“The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name...”,意思是森林的名字来自河流,所以C说反了。
D: 文章没有说它是“南美洲最长的”。虽然给了长度,但没有和其他南美洲的河流比。此外从地理知识方面来说,也不对。
2. What does the paragraph about birds, the jaguar and frogs mainly tell us?
A. How the jaguar looks and what it eats.
B. How many animals live in the rainforest.
C. How living things in the forest depend on each other.
D. Why the jaguar is very important to the forest.
答案: C
解析: 段落大意题。这个段落先说了有很多鸟和动物,然后拿美洲豹做例子:它吃青蛙,青蛙吃昆虫,昆虫吃叶子。美洲豹死了,微生物把它分解,养分回到土里。这些都在讲森林里的动物、植物和微生物是互相联系、互相需要的。
干扰项分析:
A: 这只是一个部分信息。说美洲豹的样子和食物是例子,但不是整个段落主要讲的东西。
B: 段落开头提到了数字,但后面没有继续讲数量,主要不是在“数有多少动物”。
D: 段落确实说了美洲豹是食物链的一部分,但没有特别说它为什么“非常重要”,只是用它来说明整个森林里事物是连接的。
3. What does the writer want to show by talking about a dead jaguar and microorganisms?
A. Everything in the forest is useful and nothing is wasted.
B. Microorganisms in the rainforest work very fast.
C. Jaguars give the most important food to the soil.
D. The death of a jaguar is bad for other animals.
答案: A
解析: 推断题。美洲豹死后,小小的微生物帮它的身体分解,把营养还给土地。这说明在雨林里,所有的东西(即使是死去的动物)都会被用起来,变成别的生物需要的养分,形成一个完整的循环,没有东西被浪费。
干扰项分析:
B: 文章没有说这里的微生物“工作特别快”,只是说了它们会做这件事。
C: 文章没有比较美洲豹和其他东西(比如落叶)谁给土壤的“食物”更多、更重要。
D: 和文章意思相反。文章说明美洲豹的死是自然循环的一部分,它的身体变成了养分,这对土壤和植物有好处,不是坏事。
4. What makes the Amazon rainforest a natural treasure?
A. It is very large and helps to control the world's weather.
B. It has the Amazon River and many different kinds of land.
C. It is like a huge, layered home to all kinds of living things.
D. It has too many species, helps make the air we breathe, and may give us food or medicine.
答案: D
解析: 综合信息归纳题。文章从几个方面说雨林是“宝藏”:1) 物种特别多 (“richest biodiversity”, “one in ten known species”);2) 它是“地球之肺”,制造很多氧气 (“lungs of the planet”, “producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen”);3) 它是有用的食物和药物的宝库 (“a treasure house of species that can be used food or medicine”)。D项把这三点都包括了。
干扰项分析:
A: 只说了它大和控制天气(调节气候),没有提到物种多和资源宝库。
B: 只提到了河流和不同地貌,这些都是它的一部分,但不是它作为“宝藏”最核心的价值。
C: 只描述了森林分层的结构,这是它生物多样性的一种表现,但没有提到它对全球空气的作用和资源价值。
5. What is the writer's answer to the question at the end of the passage: “can we afford to damage the ‘lungs of the planet’?”
A. Yes, because we need farm land to grow food.
B. No, because it provides air for the Earth and this cannot be replaced.
C. Yes, because other places can do the same job if this one is gone.
D. No, because it has many useful plants and animals.
答案: B
解析: 文本内解答题 (针对文中最后的问题)。作者在问这个问题前,刚解释了为什么雨林被称为“地球之肺”——因为它能固定碳,制造地球超过20%的氧气。然后问我们能不能承受破坏它。作者的意图很明显:它“呼吸”(制造氧气、调节空气)的功能对地球太重要了,是别的东西无法代替的,所以我们不能破坏它。B项直接对应了这个原因。
干扰项分析:
A: 这是人类活动的原因,但和作者保护雨林的观点完全相反。
C: 文章暗示了雨林的角色是独特且难以被替代的(“largest”, “over 20 per cent”),所以这个说法不对。
D: 这个说法本身是对的,但它是雨林作为“自然宝藏”的原因之一(对应第4题)。而最后的问题特指“地球之肺”,所以回答应该更直接地联系它“制造空气”这个不可替代的功能。
二、阅读News that matters: pollution in Norgate,选出正确选项。
1. According to Julie Archer, how can ordinary people help fight pollution?
A. By using cleaner energy sources.
B. By creating more green jobs.
C. By following the rule: reduce, reuse, recycle.
D. By reporting factories to the government.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。文章倒数第二段Julie Archer的原话明确提到“everyone can help by following the golden rule: reduce, reuse and recycle.”(每个人都可以通过遵循黄金法则来提供帮助:减少使用、重复使用、循环利用。)因此,C选项是原文信息的直接转述。
【干扰项分析】A项(使用更清洁能源)在文中未提及;B项(创造更多绿色工作)与Vincent Brown所说的工厂创造工作有关,但与普通民众的具体行动无关;D项(向政府举报工厂)在文中无信息支持。
2. What is Vincent Brown's main point in defending local factories?
A. Factories are not the main cause of pollution.
B. The public misunderstands their efforts and value.
C. Pollution control measures are too expensive.
D. The committee's policies are unfair.
【答案】B
【解析】观点/态度题。Vincent Brown的发言分为两部分:一是为工厂辩护,指出人们(像Smith先生一样)倾向于将工厂与污染、唯利是图的商人画等号,这是一种误解;二是陈述事实,即工厂已在采取环保措施并带来了经济效益。其核心论点是公众的看法(误解)与工厂的实际努力和贡献(正致力于环保且有经济价值)不符。B项准确地概括了这一核心观点。
【干扰项分析】A项(工厂不是污染主因)过于绝对,Brown并未否认工厂产生污染,而是强调他们在控制;C项(措施太贵)曲解文意,Brown提到措施提高了成本,但意在说明他们愿意承担,而非抱怨;D项(委员会政策不公)在文中完全没有提及。
3. What can be inferred about James Smith from his words?
A. He has worked in a heavy industry factory.
B. He cares more about health than jobs.
C. He regrets moving to Norgate long ago.
D. The pollution has changed his lifestyle.
【答案】D
【解析】推断题。Smith描述了过去环境的美好,并重点强调了污染的现状对他造成的直接影响:“I don't enjoy outdoor activities any more.”(我不再享受户外活动了。)以及咳嗽久治不愈。这表明,污染已经迫使他改变了过去可能拥有的生活方式(如享受户外活动),D项正确。
【干扰项分析】A项(他曾在重工业工厂工作)无任何信息支持;B项(他更关心健康而非工作)属于过度推断,他强调了健康问题,但并未与经济或工作进行权衡比较;C项(他后悔搬来)同样属于过度推断,他怀念过去,但并未直接表达后悔搬来。
4. What is the main purpose of the host quoting the former UN official's words at the end?
A. To end the discussion on a hopeful note.
B. To suggest economic growth is more important.
C. To stress that environmental and economic goals are linked.
D. To call for immediate action against all factories.
【答案】C
【解析】该题考查对作者/主持人写作意图的深层理解。主持人引用前联合国官员的话“Saving our planet... these are one and the same fight.”(拯救地球……这些是同一场战斗。),并紧接着解释“The fortunes of our environment and our economy are inseparable.”(我们环境的命运和经济的命运是不可分割的。)这显然是为了升华主题,强调前文中Archer提到的“balance”(平衡)以及辩论中隐含的发展与保护的矛盾,其核心意图是指出环境保护与经济发展并非对立,而是相互关联、目标一致的。C项准确抓住了这一意图。
【干扰项分析】A项(以充满希望的基调结束)是表面效果,不是引用该话语的核心目的;B项(暗示经济增长更重要)与引文意思相反,引文强调二者同等重要;D项(呼吁立即反对所有工厂)过于极端,且与主持人在引文后呼吁“在追求经济发展时保护环境是我们的责任”的平衡观点不符。
5. If a new factory wants to open in Norgate, which of Julie Archer's suggestions would most likely be part of the approval process?
A. Asking it to teach people the “reduce, reuse, recycle” rule.
B. Requiring it to use certain clean technologies.
C. Suggesting it hire only local people like Mr. Smith.
D. Expecting it to close old factories first.
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查将文本中人物的角色和观点应用于新情境的能力。Julie Archer作为环保委员会负责人,提到“We’ve made environmental policies for businesses to observe, like strict clean-up requirements.”(我们制定了企业必须遵守的环境政策,比如严格的清理要求。)对于一家新工厂,最可能作为审批流程一部分的,就是要求其遵守这些具体的环保政策,而使用清洁技术(clean technologies)正是此类政策的核心体现,也与Vincent Brown提到的工厂已采取的措施(use of new technologies)类型一致。
【干扰项分析】A项(教人们环保法则)是Archer对普通民众的建议,与企业审批流程无关;C项(只雇用本地人)是经济就业层面的考虑,并非Archer作为环保官员的核心职责;D项(先关闭旧工厂)在文中未提及,且不符合常理的政策逻辑。
************◄ 基础语法 ► ************
一、什么是省略?
省略,就是为了避免重复、使语言更简洁流畅,在不影响句子意思的情况下,省去句子中的一个或几个成分。简单说,就是能不说废话就不说!
二、省略有什么作用?
避免重复:让句子不啰嗦。
语言简洁:使表达更精炼、有力。
衔接自然:让上下文连接更紧密。
三、有哪些常见的省略情况?
1. 简单句中的省略
通常在对话中,省略对方已经知道的部分。
A: Are you tired? (你累吗?)
B: Yes, I am (tired). (是的,我累。) → 省略了表语 tired。
A: Who broke the cup? (谁打碎了杯子?)
B: Tom (did). (汤姆。) → 省略了谓语动词 did。
A: When will you leave? (你什么时候走?)
B: (I will leave) Tomorrow. (明天。) → 省略了主语和谓语。
2. 并列句中的省略
在由 and, but, or 等连接的句子中,如果后面分句有与前面相同的部分,常可省略。
Tom likes football, and Mary (likes) basketball.
汤姆喜欢足球,玛丽(喜欢)篮球。 → 省略相同的谓语动词 likes。
She can sing, and he can (sing) too.
她会唱歌,他也会(唱)。 → 省略相同的谓语部分 sing。
John will clean the windows, and Peter (will clean) the floor.
约翰擦窗户,彼得(擦)地板。 → 省略了相同的“will clean”。
3. 状语从句中的省略
在由 when, while, if, though, as 等引导的状语从句中,如果主语与主句一致,且谓语含有 be 动词,可省略“主语+be”。
When (you are) in trouble, ask for help.
(当你)遇到麻烦时,要寻求帮助。 → 省略 you are。
If (it is) possible, come early tomorrow.
如果(是)可能的话,明天早点来。 → 省略 it is。
He looked around as if (he was) looking for something.
他四处张望,好像(在)找什么东西。 → 省略 he was。
4. 比较句中的省略
在 than 或 as...as... 引导的比较句中,常省略与前面相同的部分。
He runs faster than I (run).
他跑得比我(跑得)快。 → 省略谓语动词 run。
She is as tall as her sister (is).
她和她姐姐一样高。 → 省略系动词 is。
He has more books than (he has) time to read.
他的书比(他有)时间读的(书)还多。 → 省略了主语和谓语 he has。
5. 动词不定式中的省略
为避免重复,常省略不定式符号 to 后面的动词原形,只保留 to。
A: Would you like to join us? (你想加入我们吗?)
B: Yes, I'd love to (join you). (是的,我很愿意(加入)。)→ 省略 join you。
You can go with me if you want to (go).
如果你想(去),可以和我一起去。 → 省略 go。
四、巩固练习
请根据省略原则,用最简洁的方式补全或改写句子。
1. 补全对话:
A: Is this your bike?
B: No, it isn't. But I think ______ John's.
2. 合并句子:
Some people like rainy days. Some people don't like rainy days.
→ Some people like rainy days, but others ______.
3. 简化状语从句:
While I was walking in the park, I saw a bird.
→ ______ in the park, I saw a bird.
4. 完成比较句:
He studies harder than I study.
→ He studies harder than ______.
5. 回答提问:
A: Would you like to come to my party?
B: Yes, I'd be happy ______.
答案与解析
1. it is
【解析】 这是对话中的省略。答语中为了避免重复“this bike is”,直接用“it is”代替。完整句是“I think it is John's bike.”,但连“bike”也常省略。
2. don't
【解析】 这是并列句中的省略。后半句与前半句有相同的部分“like rainy days”,因此用助动词“don't”代替整个谓语部分“don't like rainy days”。
3. While walking
【解析】 这是状语从句的省略。原从句“While I was walking”的主语“I”与主句“I saw”一致,且从句有“was”,因此可省略“I was”,保留“While walking”。
4. I do
【解析】 这是比较句中的省略。为了避免重复动词“study”,用助动词“do”来代替。在比较句中,than后面常用do/does/did来替代前面出现过的行为动词。
5. to
【解析】 这是动词不定式的省略。为避免重复“to come to your party”,只需保留不定式符号“to”。完整回答是“I'd be happy to come.”。
************◄ 倡议信 ► ************
一、英文倡议信写作特点
目的明确:围绕一个清晰、具体的倡议目标(如“保护大熊猫栖息地”),而非泛泛而谈(“保护动物”)。
对象清晰:明确读者是谁(如全校同学、社区居民),语言和内容要符合读者身份。
结构清晰:通常采用“问题阐述 → 原因分析 → 行动倡议”的逻辑结构。
语言有号召力:使用积极、鼓动性的语言,呼吁共同行动。
内容具体可行:提出的建议要具体、可操作,而非空喊口号。
二、各部分常用句型
开头:阐明目的与问题
开门见山式:
I am writing to call on everyone to pay attention to the serious problem of... (我写此信是为了呼吁大家关注⋯⋯的严重问题。)
Have you ever thought about how we can help save endangered animals? (你可曾想过我们如何能帮助拯救濒危动物?)
引人深思式:
It is heart-breaking to know that many wild animals are facing the threat of extinction. (得知许多野生动物正面临灭绝威胁,令人心碎。)
中间:分析原因与提出具体倡议
分析原因(简要):
This is mainly due to habitat loss and illegal hunting. (这主要是由于栖息地丧失和非法狩猎。)
提出倡议(核心部分):
Firstly, it would be greatly appreciated if we could... (首先,如果我们能……将不胜感激。)
Secondly, why not...? (其次,为什么不……呢?)
Moreover, let's make a joint effort to...(此外,让我们共同努力……)
A simple but effective action is to...(一个简单而有效的行动是……)
结尾:强化呼吁与展望
呼吁行动:
Every little effort counts. Let's act now! (每一份努力都重要。让我们立即行动!)
Together, we can make a real difference.(团结一心,我们能真正改变现状。)
表达信心与感谢:
I believe that with our combined efforts, a brighter future for wildlife is possible. (我相信通过我们的共同努力,野生动物更光明的未来是可能实现的。)
Thank you for your attention and action. (感谢您的关注与行动。)
三、写作模板框架
标题 An Appeal to Protect [倡议对象,如: Endangered Animals]
开头段 问候 + 背景介绍 + 点明严峻问题/倡议主题。
中间段 简要说明1-2个主要原因 + 提出2-3个具体可行的行动建议。
结尾段 总结并发出强有力的共同行动呼吁。
四、范文示例
假定你是红星中学学生会主席李华。你校近期将开展“校园野生动物保护周”活动,但在校园论坛上发现部分同学存在以下观点:
1. 保护野生动物是专家的事,中学生做不了什么;
2. 生活在城市里,我们接触不到野生动物;
3. 学习太忙,没有时间参与环保活动。
请你以学生会名义,在校英文报“Student Voice”专栏写一封公开倡议信,回应这些观点并号召同学们积极参与保护活动。
An Appeal to Protect Our Endangered Wildlife
Dear fellow students,
Have you ever thought that tigers and pandas might disappear forever? Sadly, many animals are dying out due to habitat loss and illegal hunting.
We must act now! Here is what we can do: First, learn and share knowledge about endangered species. Second, say no to products made from wild animals. Most importantly, support wildlife protection groups.
Every little effort counts. Together, we can be the voice for those who cannot speak. Let's build a future where humans and animals live in harmony!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
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