热点07 中国北方季节转换加快（热点专练）（天津专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

热点07 中国北方季节转换加快 内容导航 原文欣赏 词汇积累 限时实战 热点时文阅读 情境导入 高效科普：中国北方季节转换加快 话题词汇速记 聚焦话题，扩充语料库：region, transition, duration, alert, barely, data, agricultural, analysis, due to, by the end of, drop in, up to, outfit 热点限时精练 模拟实战 巩固提升：完形填空1篇+阅读理解7篇+阅读表达1篇 【背景速递】 近年中国北方季节转换节奏显著加快，春秋过渡周期大幅缩短，冷暖呈“断崖式”交替，秋季“缩水”尤为突出。核心源于全球气候变暖大背景，叠加北极涡旋分裂、西伯利亚高压增强，北极放大效应让冷空气更易南下，形成暖背景下的冷异常。 气象数据显示，北方秋季时长较数十年前缩减超10天，华北部分城市秋季仅约1个月，入冬、入春进程均提前。这一变化不仅改变植被换季等自然物候，还影响农业生产与居民出行，成为北方极具代表性的气候新特征，也为全球区域气候研究提供了典型样本。 【原文欣赏】 The mystery of the disappearing autumn has people living in northern China baffled. Only days ago, they were happily wearing T-shirts and skirts; but now, thick coats and down jackets are out in force. Fall was just a fleeting feeling, and indications are that this weather pattern could become the norm in the future. According to available meteorological data, the transitional period between summer and winter is shrinking in China, with autumn arriving later than usual and ending sooner. Delayed autumn While southwestern cities such as Guiyang in Guizhou province, Chengdu in Sichuan province, and Chongqing still enjoy around 70 to 80 days of cool autumn weather - with Guiyang topping the list at 79 days - people living in the north barely experience 50 days of autumn, said Weather China, a website under the China Meteorological Administration. An analysis of long-term weather data from the website reveals that since 1991, autumn has been delayed across much of the country.Cities such as Zhengzhou in Henan province, Ningbo in Zhejiang province, and Shenzhen in Guangdong province now see autumn arrive more than 10 days late on average, while Nanjing in Jiangsu province, Fuzhou in Fujian province, and other places have recorded delays of five to nine days. Studies show that across China, the duration of winter, spring and autumn is shrinking, and these shifts are more prominent in northern and eastern regions, the website said. "Maybe there will be only three seasons in the future," a netizen said on social media platform Sina Weibo. "A trench coat feels like the most impractical outfit in Beijing, "another said, indicating the sharp transition from cool to cold weather in the capital. Wang Weiyue, a meteorologist at Weather China, said that given global climate change, rising temperatures across various regions have become an indisputable fact, and this delays the onset of autumn, affecting agricultural production and people's daily lives. Sudden chill This year's northern chill has arrived abruptly. Li Duo, a senior engineer at the National Climate Center, said that since October, several regions, including parts of Heilongjiang province, the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, Hebei province, and the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, were 1℃ to 2℃ colder than usual. The recent temperature drop in northern China was mainly due to two major cold-air events between Oct 9 and 10 and Oct 18 and 19, Li said. The China Meteorological Administration forecasts that much of northern China will remain colder than average through Friday, while southern regions will also see temperatures drop by up to 5℃ by the end of the month. Experts advised residents to dress warmly, stay alert to weather changes, and ventilate indoor spaces when using heating to avoid carbon monoxide-related risks. 【译文赏析】 中国北方“秋日消失”的现象让当地民众感到困惑。 就在几天前，人们还身着T恤短裙，如今却已纷纷穿上厚外套与羽绒服。秋天仿佛成了转瞬即逝的感觉，且有迹象表明，这种天气模式未来可能成为常态。现有气象数据显示，我国夏冬两季之间的过渡时段正不断缩短，秋季不仅来得更晚，结束得也更早。 秋季推迟 贵阳（贵州）、成都（四川）、重庆等西南城市仍能享受70至80天左右的凉爽秋季（其中贵阳以79天位居榜首），而北方民众的秋季体验时长却不足50天，中国气象局旗下“中国天气网”指出。 该网站对长期气象数据的分析显示，1991年以来，我国多地秋季均出现推迟现象。河南郑州、浙江宁波、广东深圳等城市的秋季平均推迟超过10天，江苏南京、福建福州等地则推迟了5至9天。 中国天气网表示，研究发现我国冬季、春季、秋季的时长均在缩短，且这种变化在北方和东部地区更为显著。 “未来或许只剩三个季节了。”一名网友在社交平台新浪微博上留言。 另一名网友则调侃道：“风衣在北京成了最不实用的衣服”，暗指北京天气从凉爽到寒冷的急剧转变。 中国天气网气象专家王伟跃表示，在全球气候变化背景下，各地气温升高已成为不争的事实，这不仅导致秋季来临时间推迟，还对农业生产和民众日常生活产生了影响。 寒潮突至 今年北方的寒潮来得格外突然。 国家气候中心高级工程师李多介绍，10月以来，黑龙江部分地区、内蒙古自治区、河北省、新疆维吾尔自治区等多地气温较常年偏低1至2摄氏度。 李多指出，近期我国北方降温主要受10月9日至10日、10月18日至19日两次强冷空气过程影响。 中国气象局预报显示，截至周五，我国北方大部地区气温将持续低于常年同期；月底前，南方地区气温也将下降，降幅最高可达5摄氏度。 【课标词汇积累】 序号 单词 / 短语 词性及汉译 例句及汉译 1 region n. 地区；范围；领域；地带；地域 The northern region of the country is famous for its snow scenery. 这个国家的北部地区以雪景闻名。 2 transition n. 转变；过渡 The transition from middle school to high school needs time to adapt. 从初中到高中的过渡需要时间去适应。 3 duration n. 持续，持续时间 The duration of the exam is 120 minutes in total. 这场考试的总持续时间为 120 分钟。 4 alert adj. 警觉的；灵敏的 vt. 使意识到；警惕 n. 警戒；警报 ① She is always alert to the danger around her. (adj.) 她始终对周围的危险保持警觉。 ② The report alerted us to the serious problem of pollution. (vt.) 这份报告让我们意识到了污染的严重问题。 ③ The police issued a security alert in the neighborhood. (n.) 警方在该社区发布了安全警报。 5 impractical adj. 不切实际的；不实用的 His plan to travel around the world in a month is totally impractical. 他计划一个月环游世界，这完全不切实际。 6 barely adv. 几乎不；刚刚；勉强；少量地 ① He barely passed the English exam last term. 他上学期英语考试勉强及格。 ② I had barely finished my homework when the bell rang. 我刚写完作业，铃声就响了。 7 data n. 数据；资料 We need to collect more data to support our research conclusion. 我们需要收集更多数据来支撑研究结论。 8 agricultural adj. 农业的 This area is an important agricultural base in our province. 这片区域是我省重要的农业基地。 9 analysis n. 分析；解析 The teacher made a careful analysis of our exam mistakes. 老师对我们的考试错题做了细致的分析。 10 platform n. 平台；站台；月台；讲台；(政党的) 政纲 v. 把… 放在台上；起草政纲；站在讲台上演说 ① She stood on the platform and gave a wonderful speech. (n. 讲台) 她站在讲台上发表了精彩的演讲。 ② We can wait for the train on the second platform. (n. 月台) 我们可以在二号月台等火车。 ③ The party platform focuses on education and medical care. (n. 政纲) 该政党的政纲聚焦教育和医疗领域。 ④ They platformed the new product at the meeting. (v. 展示 / 放在台上) 他们在会上展示了这款新产品。 11 autonomous adj. 自治的 This is an autonomous region with its own local laws. 这是一个拥有本地法规的自治区。 12 due to 因为，由于 His absence from school is due to a bad cold. 他缺课是因为得了重感冒。 13 by the end of 到… 时为止；在… 之前 We will finish learning all the textbooks by the end of this semester. 到本学期结束时，我们将学完所有课本。 14 drop in 顺便走访 (某人) If you pass my home, feel free to drop in on me. 如果你路过我家，不妨顺便来坐坐。 15 long-term adj. 长期的 We should make a long-term plan for our English learning. 我们应该为英语学习制定长期计划。 16 abruptly adv. 突然地；莽撞地；陡峭地；不连贯地 ① The meeting ended abruptly because of a sudden power cut. 因为突然停电，会议突然结束了。 ② He spoke abruptly without thinking twice. 他不假思索，莽撞地说了话。 17 up to 短语 胜任；直到；多达；该由… 决定 ① Up to 500 students will take part in the English competition. 多达 500 名学生将参加这次英语竞赛。 ② It's up to you to decide when we start the activity. 我们何时开始活动由你决定。 ③ I'm sure he is up to this difficult task. 我确信他能胜任这项艰巨的任务。 18 drop by 顺便来访；非正式访问 We often drop by our teacher's office to ask questions after class. 课后我们常顺路去老师办公室请教问题。 19 heating n. 加热；供暖；暖气装置 adj. 加热的，供热的 ① The heating in the classroom broke down yesterday. (n. 暖气装置) 教室的暖气昨天坏了。 ② We need a heating system for the cold winter. (n. 供暖) 我们需要一套供暖系统过冬。 ③ This is a heating device for daily use. (adj. 加热的) 这是一款日常使用的加热设备。 20 outfit n. 配备；用具；机构 vt. 配备；供应 vi. 得到装备 ① The company bought a new outfit of office equipment. (n. 配备) 公司购置了一套新的办公设备。 ② They outfit the lab with advanced instruments. (vt. 配备) 他们为实验室配备了先进的仪器。 ③ The team quickly outfitted for the outdoor activity. (vi. 得到装备) 这支队伍迅速为户外活动配齐了装备。 【话题词汇积累】 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、核心概念名称 中国北方季节转换加快 the accelerated seasonal transition in northern China 全球气候变化 global climate change 秋季推迟 delayed autumn 寒潮突至 sudden chill /abrupt cold wave 夏冬过渡时段 the transitional period between summer and winter 季节时长缩短 shrinking seasonal duration 气温异常 abnormal temperature 主题关联表达：秋日消失 the disappearing autumn 二、气象相关术语 气象数据 meteorological data 冷空气 cold air 强冷空气过程 strong cold-air events 气温下降 temperature drop /fall in temperature 降幅 temperature decrease range 供暖 heating (system /supply) 寒潮 cold wave 气象预报 meteorological forecast 长期气象数据 long-term weather data 红外线感应系统 infrared ray induction system（文档原有相关设备词汇延伸） 应急响应 emergency response（结合安全应对场景） 三、季节与气候特征 短暂的秋季 fleeting autumn /short-lived autumn 急剧过渡 sharp transition /abrupt transition 气候模式 weather pattern /climate pattern 气温升高 rising temperatures /temperature rise 冬季时长缩短 shrinking winter duration 显著变化 prominent shifts /significant changes 凉爽秋季 cool autumn weather 偏低气温 below-average temperature 不实用的衣物 impractical outfit（文档网友调侃延伸） 四、影响与应对措施 对农业生产的影响 impact on agricultural production 日常生活调整 adjustments to daily life 防寒保暖 dress warmly /keep warm against the cold 通风换气 ventilate indoor spaces 一氧化碳风险 carbon monoxide-related risks 天气变化预警 stay alert to weather changes 适应气候转变 adapt to climate transitions 安全用火用电 safe use of fire and electricity 防范措施 precautionary measures 减少疾病传播 reduce the spread of diseases 五、相关机构与人员 中国气象局 China Meteorological Administration 中国天气网 Weather China 国家气候中心 National Climate Center 气象专家 meteorologist 高级工程师 senior engineer 社交平台网友 netizen on social media platforms 行业领袖 industry leaders（结合气候相关领域） 相关发言人 spokesman（气象信息发布场景） 六、常用高频表达 转瞬即逝的感觉 fleeting feeling 不争的事实 indisputable fact 战略地位 strategic position（文档原有词汇适配气候应对布局） 全球供应链 global supply chain（气候对产业影响延伸） 互利共赢 mutual benefit and win-win results（气候合作关联） 显著差异 significant differences 核心方向 core direction（气候研究与应对重点） 潜在风险 potential risks（气候异常带来的隐患） 持续优化 continuously improve（应对措施完善） 多向交流 multidirectional exchanges（气候数据与经验共享） （建议用时：80分钟） 题型01 完形填空 In August, Hilde Falun Strom and Sunniva Sorby began a nine-month Arctic expedition (考察), settling into a tiny hunting cabin (小木屋) on the high-Arctic Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard. The cabin is the only 1 within 140 kilometers. Polar bears 2 around and the winter temperatures can drop to around -30 ˚ C． The 3 are so severe that few polar scientists collect field data from the area during winter. That’s where Falun Strom and Sorby come in — 4 observations about wildlife and the environment that could help scientists 5 how rapid warming is changing Arctic ecosystems. Both women, known as the Bamsebu team, were inspired to 6 climate research after witnessing the effects of climate change in polar regions. They both have 7 in frozen environments. Sorby has worked as a historian and guide in Antarctica, while Falun Strom has spent time in trappers’ cabins across the Arctic. “It’s as if all of my years in Svalbard have 8 me for this overwintering,” Falun Strom says. But even for her, the Bamsebu experience is 9 . There is no running water, so they melt ice for water and chop wood to keep warm. Going outside 10 wearing many layers of clothing. “We snap constantly,” 11 foxes, reindeer and polar bears, Sorby said. Those photos may give insight into how animals in the region are 12 warmer weather. In November, they 13 a polar bear that had recently hunted a reindeer. That was 14 , because polar bears normally eat seals. Scientists suspect bears may be forced to 15 their eating habits because warmer ocean currents are drastically (彻底地) shrinking sea ice where bears 16 seals. The Bamsebu team are also 17 phytoplankton (浮游生物) samples for the FjordPhyto citizen science project, which 18 relies on tourist ships for sample collection. The samples from the Bamsebu team could 19 whether a similar 20 is occurring in the northern regions. 1．A．yard B．shelter C．building D．campsite 2．A．wander B．travel C．run D．search 3．A．issues B．conditions C．experiments D．activities 4．A．imagining B．interpreting C．gathering D．guaranteeing 5．A．consult B．preserve C．acknowledge D．understand 6．A．support B．fund C．deliver D．found 7．A．faith B．training C．experience D．progress 8．A．introduced B．prepared C．invited D．chosen 9．A．fantastic B．tough C．boring D．beneficial 10．A．suggests B．includes C．allows D．requires 11．A．guarding B．watching C．hunting D．photographing 12．A．adapting to B．getting over C．depending on D．contributing to 13．A．caught B．encountered C．helped D．attacked 14．A．practical B．natural C．odd D．ordinary 15．A．select B．evaluate C．maintain D．change 16．A．discover B．gather C．follow D．hunt 17．A．collecting B．ordering C．reporting D．studying 18．A．typically B．suddenly C．gracefully D．curiously 19．A．get rid of B．throw light on C．make up for D．give way to 20．A．increase B．contrast C．shift D．balance 题型02 阅读理解 Passage 1 The mass death of flying foxes in extreme heat in North Queensland last month underlines the importance of University of Queensland wildlife research released today. The UQ research sheds light on how various species have responded to major climate events. A study led by UQ School of Earth and Environmental Science researcher Dr Sean Maxwell has spent more than 70 years quantifying the responses of various species. “The growing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as cyclones, droughts and floods is causing unpredictable and immediate changes to ecosystems and blocking existing management efforts”, Dr Maxwell said. “Some of the negative responses we found were quite concerning, including more than 100 cases of dramatic population declines and 31 cases of local population extinction following an extreme event.” “Populations of critically endangered bird species in Hawaii, such as the palia, have been annihilated due to drought, leaving none of its kind, and populations of lizard species have been wiped out due to cyclones in the Bahamas.” Cyclones were the most common extreme event for birds, fish, plants and reptiles, while mammals and amphibians were most responsive to drought events, with drought leading to 12 cases of major population decline in mammals. Drought also led to 13 cases of breeding declines in bird populations and 12 cases of changes in the composition of invertebrate communities. UQ Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science director Professor James Watson said the detailed information would help inform ecosystem management. “The research clearly shows species will respond, often negatively, to extreme events,” Professor Watson said. As climate change continues to ensure extreme climate and weather events are more and more common, we now need to act to ensure species have the best chance to survive. Wherever possible, high-quality and intact habitat areas should be retained, as these are the places where species are most resilient (有复原力的) to increasing exposure to extreme events. 1．How was the UQ research conducted? A．By observing extreme weather events. B．By protecting the endangered species. C．By recording reactions of animals to extreme climate. D．By analyzing the reason why mass animal death happened. 2．What does the underlined word “annihilated” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Destroyed B．Defeated C．Decreased D．Disappeared 3．Which of the following sentences is true about extreme weather events? A．Drought caused 13 cases of distinction in bird populations. B．Drought caused 12 cases of population drop in mammals. C．Birds and mammals are most responsive to cyclones. D．Cyclones wiped out populations of lizard species. 4．What can we infer from Professor Watson’s words? A．Species will make negative responses to extreme events. B．The existing management ways for wildlife protection are limited. C．Different methods should be adopted to ensure the survival of different species. D．Complete and undamaged habitats are of great importance to species’ survival. 5．What does the author mainly focus on in the passage? A．Varieties of extreme weather events and their causes. B．The great benefit of the University of Queensland wildlife research. C．Species’ negative reactions to extreme climate changes. D．Major natural disasters and their destructive effects. Passage 2 Researchers have spent decades catching and measuring birds in a remote corner of Brazil’s Amazon rainforest. They started coming here to study diversity in old-growth forests. They wanted to compare species living there to those in areas where logging (伐木) or roads have broken up the habitat. But a team has discovered a more subtle change: Birds are shrinking. Over the past 40 years, dozens of tropical bird species have gotten smaller. Many species have lost about 1 to 2 percent of their average body weight per decade. What’s more, some species have grown longer wings. During the same time period, the climate has gotten hotter and more variable. Leaner, more efficient bodies may help birds stay cool, the researchers say. “Climate change isn’t something of the future. It’s happening now.” says Ben Winger. “And,” he adds, it “has effects we haven’t thought of.” Winger is an ornithologist — someone who studies birds. He wasn’t part of the new study. But he has witnessed a similar shrinkage in migratory birds (候鸟). Seeing the same patterns in many different types of birds, including ones now that don’t migrate, suggests it may be “a more universal phenomenon.” he says. Many studies have linked body size and temperature. In colder climates, it pays to be big. A smaller surface area relative to one’s volume reduces heat loss through the skin. That keeps a body warmer. As the climate warms, “you’d expect shrinking body sizes to help organisms off-load heat better,” says Vitek Jirinec. He’s an ecologist at the Integral Ecology Research Center. Jirinec and his team wanted to see if birds that stay put also have been shrinking. They studied tropical species that don’t migrate. They focused on birds in an undisturbed part of the Amazon. (That helps rule out local human effects, such as logging.) They analyzed data from 1979 to 2019. It came from more than 11,000 individual birds. They represented 77 species. Measurements included body mass and wing length. The researchers also examined climate data for the region. The study included birds with very different lifestyles. Some live high in the trees. Others lived lower, even on the ground. And all species got lighter over time, the researchers found. On average, species lost from about 0.1 percent to nearly 2 percent of their body weight each decade. Birds could be evolving to adapt to climate change. Or their bodies might grow differently in response to warmer temperatures. Either way, the emerging changes point to the potential harm of human activity, Jirinec says. 1．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ______. A．introduce the main topic of the passage B．argue against the idea that climate change affects wildlife C．summarize the findings of previous research on bird body size D．provide background information about the study on tropical birds 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Some tropical bird species have grown longer wings in response to climate change. B．The climate in the Amazon rainforest has remained stable over the past few decades. C．Researchers have observed no changes in the body size of tropical bird species. D．The average body weight of tropical bird species has increased over the past 40 years. 3．What does Ben Winger suggest about the observed changes in bird sizes? A．The changes are limited to migratory birds and do not apply to other species. B．The changes may be a universal phenomenon affecting many types of birds. C．The changes are unrelated to climate change. D．The changes are temporary and will reverse as temperatures stabilize. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing Paragraph 5? A．To argue that the shrinking body size of tropical birds is not a significant concern. B．To argue that human activities like logging have no impact on bird populations. C．To compare the differences between migratory and non-migratory birds. D．To present findings on bird size changes and their link to climate change. 5．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Migratory Birds in the Amazon Rainforest B．The Decline in Body Size of Amazonian Bird Species C．As the Tropics Warm, Some Birds Are Shrinking D．The Impact of Logging on Tropical Bird Species Passage 3 Your favorite foods might not taste the same in the future, and the climate crisis is behind it. In Spain, the black Iberian pigs, which are very important for making special ham, usually eat acorns (橡子) and surrounding grass under oak trees. However, because of heatwaves and a five-year drought, these natural foods are becoming less. So, the pigs are now fed olives (橄榄), thereby changing the unique flavor of the ham. Drought also affects how fruits taste. For example, watermelons and cantaloupes (香瓜) taste different when there’s a drought. Researchers from a Spanish tech center told a Spanish newspaper that sugars and other compounds build up during droughts, changing the taste of food, sometimes for better, sometimes for worse. Beyond drought, rising temperatures and sea levels also influence food flavors. Typically, warm days and cool nights improve the sugar and acid content in fruits, which are essential for the optimal flavor. However, global warming makes this hard to achieve. For example, Japanese apples are becoming less acidic, softer, and drier due to early blooming and high temperatures during growth. While the food we eat is deeply influenced by the climate crisis, our food choices also cause it. Eating meat and dairy from cows has a big impact on the climate. Raising livestock (牲畜) produces a lot of greenhouse gases. Making animal protein also needs more land, energy and water than making plant-based protein. This may seem like a problem that can’t be solved, but we can break this cycle. The Good Food Institute, a US group, believes people will choose alternative protein if they are as tasty and affordable as meat. Meanwhile, more people have started to take action. According to The New York Times, Will Hlamris, a US farmer, practices regenerative farming, allowing cows to move around freely, using less chemical use and disturbing the soil less, which is more environmentally friendly. 1．What changes the flavor of the ham? A．People’s need to make the flavor special. B．The harvest of acorns and the surrounding grass. C．The unique compounds caused by heatwaves. D．The shortage of food sources and alternative feed. 2．What does the underlined word “optimal” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Best. B．Strange. C．Common. D．Worst. 3．Which are the factors leading to the change of foods’ flavor? A．Heatwaves and hurricanes. B．Rising temperatures and sea levels. C．Human’s study and choices. D．Regenerative farming and researches. 4．According to the Good Food Institute, people will choose alternative protein if ______. A．they are cheaper than meat B．the environment changes C．the greenhouse gases disappear D．they are delicious and cheap enough 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Food production affected by climate. B．Benefits of regenerative farming. C．Climate crisis changing food taste. D．Livestock’s role in making protein. Passage 4 If the findings of a bunch of new climatic researches conducted recently are any guide, we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society as well as the environment could be quite severe. Geographers have made a prediction that within the future eighty years, current world climate zones could shift and chances are that some could completely disappear. Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter, forcing animals to migrate north. Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases. Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase in numbers but in intensity as well. If the changes come too quickly, animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could face extinction. According to Science Daily, a new study predicts that by the year 2100, many of today’s familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today’s world. It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these far-reaching consequences for the sake of the whole world. The planet earth itself has been showing signs of change, which concerns the scientific community deeply. In 2004, a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in2008, thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake. Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake. Within just the last few months, new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously expected. At this point, it doesn’t matter what’s causing it, but rather, what can be done about it. What’s more, our world is getting more and more unstable every year. There has been war and threat of war everywhere. Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious. However, astronomical observations have been showing signs that other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection behind such mysterious phenomena. Yet no one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data. 1．What does the underlined word “devastated” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．shocked. B．destroyed. C．frightened D．impacted. 2．The examples of several destructive earthquakes are used to support the idea that ________. A．Earthquakes have caused significant damage to the human society. B．measures must be taken to prevent future earthquakes from causing damage. C．Some major changes seem to be taking place on the planet earth. D．The probability of more earthquakes happening in the future remains strong. 3．According to the fourth paragraph, how should we react to climate change? A．We should explore the reasons for climate change. B．We should explore possible measures to deal with it. C．We should stop environmental pollution completely D．We should plan to move to other planets as soon as possible. 4．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Species won’t become extinct as long as climate change happens slowly. B．There’s enough data at hand for us to predict the future of climate change. C．The world is getting more unstable because of large-scale migration. D．The earth is not alone in experiencing major climate changes currently. 5．Which of the following would be the best summary of the passage? A．How our planet should be protected from climate change. B．What could be done to practically cope with climate change. C．We should beware of the unpromising future of climate change. D．The passage serves as an introduction to climate change and its effects. Passage 5 The effects of “weird weather” were already being felt in the 1960s, but scientists linking fossil fuels with climate change were dismissed as prophets of doom (末日预言家). In August 1974, the ClA produced a study on “climatological research as it is related to intelligence (情报) problems”. The diagnosis was dramatic. It warned of the emergence of a new era of weird weather, leading to political unrest and mass migration (which, in turn, would cause more unrest). The new era the agency imagined wasn’t necessarily one of hotter temperatures; the CIA had heard from scientists warning of global cooling as well as warming. But the direction in which the temperature was changing wasn’t their immediate concern; it was the political impact. They knew that the so-called “little ice age”, a series of cold snaps between, roughly, 1350 and 1850, had brought not only drought and famine, but also war. “The climate change began in 1960,” the report’s first page informs us, “but no one, including the climatologists, recognised it.” Crop failures in the Soviet Union and India in the early 1960s had been attributed to standard unlucky weather. The US shipped grain to India and the Soviets killed off livestock to eat . But, the report argued, the world ignored this warning, as the global population continued to grow and states made massive investments in energy, technology and medicine. Meanwhile, the weird weather rolled on, shifting to a collection of west African countries just below the Sahara. People in Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Chad “became the first victims of the climate change”, the report argued, but their suffering was masked by other struggles or the richer parts of the world simply weren’t paying attention. As the effects of climate change started to spread to other parts of the world, the early 1970s saw report s of droughts, crop failures and floods from Myanmar, Pakistan, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Costa Rica, Honduras, Japan, Manila, Ecuador, USSR, China, India and the US. 1．The climatological research by CIA showed that ______. A．global cooling had more evidence than warming B．political impact was more unpredictable than climate C．climate change could cause conflicts between countries D．historical ice age had an impact on future weather 2．Why did the world ignore climate change warnings in the 1960s? A．Because climatologists lacked equipment for observation. B．Because crop failures attracted the world’s attention. C．Because climate change was a national secret e of Soviet Union. D．Because the world was busy developing economy and technology. 3．How did the world respond to the suffering of the first victims of climate change? A．The US provided them with grain to reduce hunger. B．The rich countries failed to notice their struggle. C．The world praised their courage in the face of weird weather. D．The African people migrated to the area near Sahara. 4．Throughout 1960s and the 1970s, climate warnings were ______. A．unclear and confusing B．widespread and neglected C．rare and disastrous D．frequent and insignificant 5．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To inform people of the ignored signs of climate changes. B．To call on people to protect the environment. C．To explain why climate changes have effects on politics. D．To tell people how to prevent weird weather. Passage 6 According to reports, three-quarters of all crops around the world depend on pollinating (授粉的) insects like bees and butterflies. By pollinating, pollinators enable the production of seeds. Without them, crop farming can become extremely difficult or costly threatening food supplies and prices globally. Research has shown a rapid and consistent decline in pollinator populations. Average butterfly populations have almost halved since 1991 and bee populations in particular face a sharp decline. Given the world’s growing dependence on these insects, we can only expect the problem to worsen if no action is taken. Much has been written about how intensive farming practices the use of chemical pesticides (杀虫剂), and pollution are threatening the survival of these helpful insects. To add to the already critical situation, global warming is contributing significantly to the rapid disappearance of pollinators. Climate change is a major threat to pollinators, with rising temperatures and increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events affecting the food sources and habitats, on which pollinators depend for their survival. Climate change also changes the timing and availability of lowering plants, leading to mismatches between pollinators and their food sources. A study has found that climate change has shifted plants’ blooming to earlier times and caused certain plants to move to higher areas, resulting in a decline in pollination. Another study has found that climate change could lead to a decline in the quality of nectar, which is the main food source for many pollinators. As temperatures rise, the sugar content of nectar decreases, making it less nutritious for pollinators. This leads to a decline in the health and reproductive success of pollinators, as well as a decline in the pollination of plants. Needless to say, cutting global emissions (排放量) is key. It’s essential that we continue to advocate for emission reductions. From country-level to individual businesses, more concrete roadmaps to net zero are a must. We must at least minimize, if not prevent, the usage of pesticides, since these chemicals are harmful to pollinators and can have a far-reaching effect on pollination as a whole. 1．What does paragraph 1 try to show? A．The influence of crop crises. B．The importance of pollinators. C．The serious challenges faced by humans. D．The increasing difficulty of crop production. 2．How does the author sound in paragraph 2? A．Curious. B．Suspicious. C．Humorous. D．Anxious. 3．What do paragraphs 3 — 4 mainly talk about? A．Why chemical pesticides are harmful to pollinators. B．Causes of the decline in pollinator populations. C．The importance of pollinators to the ecosystem. D．How climate change has affected pollinators. 4．What have the two studies found? A．Climate change greatly affects pollination. B．Pollution seriously threatens pollinators survival. C．Global warming contributes to the loss of pollinators’ habitats. D．Improper farming practices cause some pollinators to disappear. 5．What is a suggestion for helping pollinators? A．Starting keeping bees. B．Reducing pesticide use. C．Increasing the amount of nectar. D．Building more habitats for pollinators. Passage 7 A new study finds climate events such as flooding, heat waves and drought worsen more than half of the known diseases that infect people. These diseases include malaria, cholera and anthrax. Researchers examined medical literature (文献) of established cases of such diseases. They found out that 218 out of the known 375 human infectious diseases seemed to be made worse by extreme weather connected to climate change. The study connected more than 1,000 pathways from climate events to sick people. In some cases, heavy rains and flooding sicken people through disease-carrying mosquitoes, rats and deer. Other events, like warming oceans and heat waves, spoil seafood and droughts bring bats carrying viral infections to people. Medical doctors, going back to the days of ancient Greek civilization, have long connected disease to weather. But this study shows how widespread the influence of climate events is on human health. “If climate is changing, the risk of these diseases is changing,” said Dr Jonathan Patz. “The findings of this study are terrifying and illustrate well the enormous (巨大的) consequences of climate change on human pathogens (病原体). Humans need to all work together to prevent disasters from climate change.” Camilo Mora, a climate data expert, said the study is not about predicting future cases. “These are things that have already happened,” he noted. Here’s one example Mora knows from his own experience. About five years ago, Mora’s home in rural Colombia was flooded, creating a breeding ground for mosquitoes. Mora contracted Chikungunya, a virus spread by mosquito bites. He survived, but he still suffers pain related to the disease. In another case, the remains of a reindeer which died from anthrax were unearthed as the Siberian permafrost (永冻土) melted from warming in 2016. A child touched the dead animal, got anthrax, and an outbreak spread. Dr Aaron Bernstein said the study is a good warning about climate and health for now and the future. He added, “But of course, it only reports on what we already know and what’s yet unknown about pathogens may be yet more compelling about how preventing further climate change may prevent future disasters like COVID-19.” 1．Which is TRUE according to Dr Jonathan? A．The risk of climate is always changing. B．Ancient people connected diseases to weather too. C．Humans should deal with climate change urgently. D．Human diseases were illustrated in Greek civilization. 2．What does the author want to prove by mentioning the examples in Paragraph 4? A．The quick spread of the virus. B．The disastrous flooding in Colombia. C．The destructive Siberian permafrost. D．The bad impacts of climate events on human health. 3．What does Dr Aaron stress in the last paragraph? A．COVID-19 still remains a mystery to people. B．More disasters will be caused by climate change. C．Climate change is a good warning about human health. D．People should care more about the unknown diseases. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Climate change helps spread some deadly illnesses B．Climate events are connected with infectious diseases C．Climate disasters provide key information about diseases D．Extreme climate may lead to serious disasters 5．What does the underlined word “compelling” mean in the last paragraph? A．Convincing. B．Challenging. C．Driving. D．Forcing. Passage 8 The rapid pace of global warming and its effects on habitats raise the question of whether species are able to keep up so that they remain in suitable living conditions. Some animals can move fast to adjust to a quickly changing climate. Plants, being less mobile, rely on means such as seed dispersal (传播) by animals, wind or water to move to new areas, but this redistribution typically occurs within one kilometer of the original plant. Writing in Nature, Juan P. González-Varo sheds light on the potential capacity of migratory (迁徙的) birds to aid seed dispersal. González-Varo and colleagues report how plants might be able to keep pace with rapid climate change through the help of migrating birds. They analyzed an impressive data set of 949 different seed-dispersal interactions between bird and plant communities, together with data on entire fruiting times and migratory patterns of birds across Europe. The authors hypothesized (假定) that the direction of seed migration depends on how the plants interact with migratory birds, the frequency of these interactions or the number of bird species that might transport seeds from each plant species. Perhaps the most striking feature of these inferred seed movements is the observation that 35 percent of plant species across European communities, which are closely related on the phylogenetic tree (进化树谱), might benefit from long-distance dispersal by the northward journey of migratory birds. This particular subset (小组) of plants tends to fruit over a long period of time, or has fruits that persist over the winter. This means that the ability of plants to keep up with climate change could be shaped by their evolutionary history – implying that future plant communities in the Northern Hemisphere (半球) will probably come from plant species that are phylogenetically closely related and that have migrated from the south. This study provides a great example of how migratory birds might assist plant redistribution to new locations that would normally be difficult for them to reach on their own, and which might offer a suitable climate. 1．The rapid pace of global warming and its effect are mentioned in Paragraph 1 ________. A．to call public attention to seed dispersal B．to show the threat of climate change to human beings C．to provide the background of González -Varo’s research D．to explain why some animals can adapt to climate change 2．How could plants keep pace with the rapid climate change according to González-Varo? A．With the help of wind and water. B．With the help of migratory birds. C．By adjusting themselves to the climate. D．By relying on animals on land. 3．How did González-Varo and his colleagues conduct the research? A．By analyzing related data. B．By conducting field research. C．By interviewing experts. D．By reviewing findings of previous studies. 4．What can we infer from Paragraph 4? A．Most plant species benefit from long-distance dispersal. B．The evolutionary history of different plants is similar. C．Plants with longer fruiting times adapt better when transported farther. D．Plant communities in different hemispheres will become less related phylogenetically. 5．What could be the best title for the text? A．Impacts of Climate Change on Migratory Birds. B．Different Ways to Redistribute Plants to New Climates. C．Plants Struggle to Keep Pace with Climate Change. D．Migratory Birds Aid the Redistribution of Plants to New Climates. 题型03 阅读表达 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题. In 2019, the state of California was on fire. Alexandria Villaseor, who was 13 at the time, witnessed the destruction of Northern California’s Camp Fire, which would go on to burn more than 150,000 acres of land. Villaseor was scared. “That’s when I found out how important climate education was,” she reflected. “And just how much we lacked climate education these past couple of years.” Villaseor, at the age of 15, was determined to have a bigger conversation. She quickly realized the fight requires international, government-level changes. For her, what started as local concern turned into a year-long protest in front of the United Nations’ New York City headquarters and a global campaign for more compulsory climate education. She sat on a bench in front of the headquarters, begging for the world’s leaders to take climate change seriously. Her action received national attention, with millions of other students around the world joining in the movement. “It’s completely unacceptable not to learn anything about our planet and our environment in school, after all the young people would inherit the Earth.” Villaseor said, “That’s why I think that climate education is so important, and that’s why I focus a lot on it now.” Right now, Villaseor is working with the American Administration on its climate plan, which has promised to center on the needs of young people and communities most impacted by climate change. She even spoke at the 2021 Democratic National Convention. “This was definitely a huge moment when I realized that people were listening to the voices of me and youth climate activists.” Villaseor said. When she isn’t connecting with her fellow youth activists, Villaseor is like most other teens. “My favorite thing to do, of course, is sleep,” she said, “I like to read a lot. I like fantasy books, normally. I also like to write.” 1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us? (no more than 10 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．How did Villaseor make the world’s leaders attach importance to climate education? (no more than 15 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．How do you understand the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3? (no more than 15 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．When was the huge moment to Villaseor? (no more than10 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．What do you think of Villaseor? Please explain in your own words? (no more than 20 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ $ 热点07 中国北方季节转换加快 内容导航 原文欣赏 词汇积累 限时实战 热点时文阅读 情境导入 高效科普：中国北方季节转换加快 话题词汇速记 聚焦话题，扩充语料库：region, transition, duration, alert, barely, data, agricultural, analysis, due to, by the end of, drop in, up to, outfit 热点限时精练 模拟实战 巩固提升：完形填空1篇+阅读理解7篇+阅读表达1篇 【背景速递】 近年中国北方季节转换节奏显著加快，春秋过渡周期大幅缩短，冷暖呈“断崖式”交替，秋季“缩水”尤为突出。核心源于全球气候变暖大背景，叠加北极涡旋分裂、西伯利亚高压增强，北极放大效应让冷空气更易南下，形成暖背景下的冷异常。 气象数据显示，北方秋季时长较数十年前缩减超10天，华北部分城市秋季仅约1个月，入冬、入春进程均提前。这一变化不仅改变植被换季等自然物候，还影响农业生产与居民出行，成为北方极具代表性的气候新特征，也为全球区域气候研究提供了典型样本。 【原文欣赏】 The mystery of the disappearing autumn has people living in northern China baffled. Only days ago, they were happily wearing T-shirts and skirts; but now, thick coats and down jackets are out in force. Fall was just a fleeting feeling, and indications are that this weather pattern could become the norm in the future. According to available meteorological data, the transitional period between summer and winter is shrinking in China, with autumn arriving later than usual and ending sooner. Delayed autumn While southwestern cities such as Guiyang in Guizhou province, Chengdu in Sichuan province, and Chongqing still enjoy around 70 to 80 days of cool autumn weather - with Guiyang topping the list at 79 days - people living in the north barely experience 50 days of autumn, said Weather China, a website under the China Meteorological Administration. An analysis of long-term weather data from the website reveals that since 1991, autumn has been delayed across much of the country.Cities such as Zhengzhou in Henan province, Ningbo in Zhejiang province, and Shenzhen in Guangdong province now see autumn arrive more than 10 days late on average, while Nanjing in Jiangsu province, Fuzhou in Fujian province, and other places have recorded delays of five to nine days. Studies show that across China, the duration of winter, spring and autumn is shrinking, and these shifts are more prominent in northern and eastern regions, the website said. "Maybe there will be only three seasons in the future," a netizen said on social media platform Sina Weibo. "A trench coat feels like the most impractical outfit in Beijing, "another said, indicating the sharp transition from cool to cold weather in the capital. Wang Weiyue, a meteorologist at Weather China, said that given global climate change, rising temperatures across various regions have become an indisputable fact, and this delays the onset of autumn, affecting agricultural production and people's daily lives. Sudden chill This year's northern chill has arrived abruptly. Li Duo, a senior engineer at the National Climate Center, said that since October, several regions, including parts of Heilongjiang province, the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, Hebei province, and the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, were 1℃ to 2℃ colder than usual. The recent temperature drop in northern China was mainly due to two major cold-air events between Oct 9 and 10 and Oct 18 and 19, Li said. The China Meteorological Administration forecasts that much of northern China will remain colder than average through Friday, while southern regions will also see temperatures drop by up to 5℃ by the end of the month. Experts advised residents to dress warmly, stay alert to weather changes, and ventilate indoor spaces when using heating to avoid carbon monoxide-related risks. 【译文赏析】 中国北方“秋日消失”的现象让当地民众感到困惑。 就在几天前，人们还身着T恤短裙，如今却已纷纷穿上厚外套与羽绒服。秋天仿佛成了转瞬即逝的感觉，且有迹象表明，这种天气模式未来可能成为常态。现有气象数据显示，我国夏冬两季之间的过渡时段正不断缩短，秋季不仅来得更晚，结束得也更早。 秋季推迟 贵阳（贵州）、成都（四川）、重庆等西南城市仍能享受70至80天左右的凉爽秋季（其中贵阳以79天位居榜首），而北方民众的秋季体验时长却不足50天，中国气象局旗下“中国天气网”指出。 该网站对长期气象数据的分析显示，1991年以来，我国多地秋季均出现推迟现象。河南郑州、浙江宁波、广东深圳等城市的秋季平均推迟超过10天，江苏南京、福建福州等地则推迟了5至9天。 中国天气网表示，研究发现我国冬季、春季、秋季的时长均在缩短，且这种变化在北方和东部地区更为显著。 “未来或许只剩三个季节了。”一名网友在社交平台新浪微博上留言。 另一名网友则调侃道：“风衣在北京成了最不实用的衣服”，暗指北京天气从凉爽到寒冷的急剧转变。 中国天气网气象专家王伟跃表示，在全球气候变化背景下，各地气温升高已成为不争的事实，这不仅导致秋季来临时间推迟，还对农业生产和民众日常生活产生了影响。 寒潮突至 今年北方的寒潮来得格外突然。 国家气候中心高级工程师李多介绍，10月以来，黑龙江部分地区、内蒙古自治区、河北省、新疆维吾尔自治区等多地气温较常年偏低1至2摄氏度。 李多指出，近期我国北方降温主要受10月9日至10日、10月18日至19日两次强冷空气过程影响。 中国气象局预报显示，截至周五，我国北方大部地区气温将持续低于常年同期；月底前，南方地区气温也将下降，降幅最高可达5摄氏度。 【课标词汇积累】 序号 单词 / 短语 词性及汉译 例句及汉译 1 region n. 地区；范围；领域；地带；地域 The northern region of the country is famous for its snow scenery. 这个国家的北部地区以雪景闻名。 2 transition n. 转变；过渡 The transition from middle school to high school needs time to adapt. 从初中到高中的过渡需要时间去适应。 3 duration n. 持续，持续时间 The duration of the exam is 120 minutes in total. 这场考试的总持续时间为 120 分钟。 4 alert adj. 警觉的；灵敏的 vt. 使意识到；警惕 n. 警戒；警报 ① She is always alert to the danger around her. (adj.) 她始终对周围的危险保持警觉。 ② The report alerted us to the serious problem of pollution. (vt.) 这份报告让我们意识到了污染的严重问题。 ③ The police issued a security alert in the neighborhood. (n.) 警方在该社区发布了安全警报。 5 impractical adj. 不切实际的；不实用的 His plan to travel around the world in a month is totally impractical. 他计划一个月环游世界，这完全不切实际。 6 barely adv. 几乎不；刚刚；勉强；少量地 ① He barely passed the English exam last term. 他上学期英语考试勉强及格。 ② I had barely finished my homework when the bell rang. 我刚写完作业，铃声就响了。 7 data n. 数据；资料 We need to collect more data to support our research conclusion. 我们需要收集更多数据来支撑研究结论。 8 agricultural adj. 农业的 This area is an important agricultural base in our province. 这片区域是我省重要的农业基地。 9 analysis n. 分析；解析 The teacher made a careful analysis of our exam mistakes. 老师对我们的考试错题做了细致的分析。 10 platform n. 平台；站台；月台；讲台；(政党的) 政纲 v. 把… 放在台上；起草政纲；站在讲台上演说 ① She stood on the platform and gave a wonderful speech. (n. 讲台) 她站在讲台上发表了精彩的演讲。 ② We can wait for the train on the second platform. (n. 月台) 我们可以在二号月台等火车。 ③ The party platform focuses on education and medical care. (n. 政纲) 该政党的政纲聚焦教育和医疗领域。 ④ They platformed the new product at the meeting. (v. 展示 / 放在台上) 他们在会上展示了这款新产品。 11 autonomous adj. 自治的 This is an autonomous region with its own local laws. 这是一个拥有本地法规的自治区。 12 due to 因为，由于 His absence from school is due to a bad cold. 他缺课是因为得了重感冒。 13 by the end of 到… 时为止；在… 之前 We will finish learning all the textbooks by the end of this semester. 到本学期结束时，我们将学完所有课本。 14 drop in 顺便走访 (某人) If you pass my home, feel free to drop in on me. 如果你路过我家，不妨顺便来坐坐。 15 long-term adj. 长期的 We should make a long-term plan for our English learning. 我们应该为英语学习制定长期计划。 16 abruptly adv. 突然地；莽撞地；陡峭地；不连贯地 ① The meeting ended abruptly because of a sudden power cut. 因为突然停电，会议突然结束了。 ② He spoke abruptly without thinking twice. 他不假思索，莽撞地说了话。 17 up to 短语 胜任；直到；多达；该由… 决定 ① Up to 500 students will take part in the English competition. 多达 500 名学生将参加这次英语竞赛。 ② It's up to you to decide when we start the activity. 我们何时开始活动由你决定。 ③ I'm sure he is up to this difficult task. 我确信他能胜任这项艰巨的任务。 18 drop by 顺便来访；非正式访问 We often drop by our teacher's office to ask questions after class. 课后我们常顺路去老师办公室请教问题。 19 heating n. 加热；供暖；暖气装置 adj. 加热的，供热的 ① The heating in the classroom broke down yesterday. (n. 暖气装置) 教室的暖气昨天坏了。 ② We need a heating system for the cold winter. (n. 供暖) 我们需要一套供暖系统过冬。 ③ This is a heating device for daily use. (adj. 加热的) 这是一款日常使用的加热设备。 20 outfit n. 配备；用具；机构 vt. 配备；供应 vi. 得到装备 ① The company bought a new outfit of office equipment. (n. 配备) 公司购置了一套新的办公设备。 ② They outfit the lab with advanced instruments. (vt. 配备) 他们为实验室配备了先进的仪器。 ③ The team quickly outfitted for the outdoor activity. (vi. 得到装备) 这支队伍迅速为户外活动配齐了装备。 【话题词汇积累】 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、核心概念名称 中国北方季节转换加快 the accelerated seasonal transition in northern China 全球气候变化 global climate change 秋季推迟 delayed autumn 寒潮突至 sudden chill /abrupt cold wave 夏冬过渡时段 the transitional period between summer and winter 季节时长缩短 shrinking seasonal duration 气温异常 abnormal temperature 主题关联表达：秋日消失 the disappearing autumn 二、气象相关术语 气象数据 meteorological data 冷空气 cold air 强冷空气过程 strong cold-air events 气温下降 temperature drop /fall in temperature 降幅 temperature decrease range 供暖 heating (system /supply) 寒潮 cold wave 气象预报 meteorological forecast 长期气象数据 long-term weather data 红外线感应系统 infrared ray induction system（文档原有相关设备词汇延伸） 应急响应 emergency response（结合安全应对场景） 三、季节与气候特征 短暂的秋季 fleeting autumn /short-lived autumn 急剧过渡 sharp transition /abrupt transition 气候模式 weather pattern /climate pattern 气温升高 rising temperatures /temperature rise 冬季时长缩短 shrinking winter duration 显著变化 prominent shifts /significant changes 凉爽秋季 cool autumn weather 偏低气温 below-average temperature 不实用的衣物 impractical outfit（文档网友调侃延伸） 四、影响与应对措施 对农业生产的影响 impact on agricultural production 日常生活调整 adjustments to daily life 防寒保暖 dress warmly /keep warm against the cold 通风换气 ventilate indoor spaces 一氧化碳风险 carbon monoxide-related risks 天气变化预警 stay alert to weather changes 适应气候转变 adapt to climate transitions 安全用火用电 safe use of fire and electricity 防范措施 precautionary measures 减少疾病传播 reduce the spread of diseases 五、相关机构与人员 中国气象局 China Meteorological Administration 中国天气网 Weather China 国家气候中心 National Climate Center 气象专家 meteorologist 高级工程师 senior engineer 社交平台网友 netizen on social media platforms 行业领袖 industry leaders（结合气候相关领域） 相关发言人 spokesman（气象信息发布场景） 六、常用高频表达 转瞬即逝的感觉 fleeting feeling 不争的事实 indisputable fact 战略地位 strategic position（文档原有词汇适配气候应对布局） 全球供应链 global supply chain（气候对产业影响延伸） 互利共赢 mutual benefit and win-win results（气候合作关联） 显著差异 significant differences 核心方向 core direction（气候研究与应对重点） 潜在风险 potential risks（气候异常带来的隐患） 持续优化 continuously improve（应对措施完善） 多向交流 multidirectional exchanges（气候数据与经验共享） （建议用时：80分钟） 题型01 完形填空 In August, Hilde Falun Strom and Sunniva Sorby began a nine-month Arctic expedition (考察), settling into a tiny hunting cabin (小木屋) on the high-Arctic Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard. The cabin is the only 1 within 140 kilometers. Polar bears 2 around and the winter temperatures can drop to around -30 ˚ C． The 3 are so severe that few polar scientists collect field data from the area during winter. That’s where Falun Strom and Sorby come in — 4 observations about wildlife and the environment that could help scientists 5 how rapid warming is changing Arctic ecosystems. Both women, known as the Bamsebu team, were inspired to 6 climate research after witnessing the effects of climate change in polar regions. They both have 7 in frozen environments. Sorby has worked as a historian and guide in Antarctica, while Falun Strom has spent time in trappers’ cabins across the Arctic. “It’s as if all of my years in Svalbard have 8 me for this overwintering,” Falun Strom says. But even for her, the Bamsebu experience is 9 . There is no running water, so they melt ice for water and chop wood to keep warm. Going outside 10 wearing many layers of clothing. “We snap constantly,” 11 foxes, reindeer and polar bears, Sorby said. Those photos may give insight into how animals in the region are 12 warmer weather. In November, they 13 a polar bear that had recently hunted a reindeer. That was 14 , because polar bears normally eat seals. Scientists suspect bears may be forced to 15 their eating habits because warmer ocean currents are drastically (彻底地) shrinking sea ice where bears 16 seals. The Bamsebu team are also 17 phytoplankton (浮游生物) samples for the FjordPhyto citizen science project, which 18 relies on tourist ships for sample collection. The samples from the Bamsebu team could 19 whether a similar 20 is occurring in the northern regions. 1．A．yard B．shelter C．building D．campsite 2．A．wander B．travel C．run D．search 3．A．issues B．conditions C．experiments D．activities 4．A．imagining B．interpreting C．gathering D．guaranteeing 5．A．consult B．preserve C．acknowledge D．understand 6．A．support B．fund C．deliver D．found 7．A．faith B．training C．experience D．progress 8．A．introduced B．prepared C．invited D．chosen 9．A．fantastic B．tough C．boring D．beneficial 10．A．suggests B．includes C．allows D．requires 11．A．guarding B．watching C．hunting D．photographing 12．A．adapting to B．getting over C．depending on D．contributing to 13．A．caught B．encountered C．helped D．attacked 14．A．practical B．natural C．odd D．ordinary 15．A．select B．evaluate C．maintain D．change 16．A．discover B．gather C．follow D．hunt 17．A．collecting B．ordering C．reporting D．studying 18．A．typically B．suddenly C．gracefully D．curiously 19．A．get rid of B．throw light on C．make up for D．give way to 20．A．increase B．contrast C．shift D．balance 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．B 10．D 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D 16．D 17．A 18．A 19．B 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了两位女性探险家在北极极端环境中进行为期9个月的考察，记录野生动植物和环境变化，为科学家研究气候变暖对北极生态系统的影响提供数据。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这座小木屋是140公里范围内唯一的庇护所。A. yard院子；B. shelter庇护所；C. building建筑物；D. campsite营地。根据下文“Polar bears 2 around and the winter temperatures can drop to around -30 ˚ C.”可知，屋子外面温度极低，很危险，所以此处指小屋是140公里内唯一的避难所。故选B。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：北极熊在周围闲逛，冬季气温可能降至零下30摄氏度左右。A. wander闲逛；B. travel旅行；C. run奔跑；D. search搜寻。根据上文“Polar bears”和下文“around”可知，此处指北极熊四处游荡。故选A。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这里的环境条件极为恶劣，以至于冬季很少有极地科学家从该地区收集实地数据。A. issues问题；B. conditions条件；C. experiments实验；D. activities活动。根据上文“Polar bears 2 around and the winter temperatures can drop to around -30 ˚ C.”及下文“few polar scientists collect field data from the area during winter.”可知，此处指条件非常恶劣，以至于冬季很少有科学家从该地区收集数据。故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这正是法伦・斯特伦和索比的用武之地——她们收集有关野生动物和环境的观测数据，这些数据能帮助科学家理解气候快速变暖如何改变北极生态系统。A. imagining想象；B. interpreting解读；C. gathering收集；D. guaranteeing保证。根据上文“few polar scientists collect field data from the area during winter.”及下文“That’s where Falun Strom and Sorby come in”可知，该地区在冬季很少有科学家收集数据，因此法伦・斯特伦和索比开始做这件事，即收集有关野生动物和环境的观察结果。故选C。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这正是法伦・斯特伦和索比的用武之地——她们收集有关野生动物和环境的观测数据，这些数据能帮助科学家理解气候快速变暖如何改变北极生态系统。A. consult咨询；B. preserve保护；C. acknowledge承认；D. understand理解。根据下文“how rapid warming is changing Arctic ecosystems”可知，此处指这些观察结果可能有助于科学家了解气候变暖对北极生态系统的影响。故选D。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两位被称为“巴姆塞布团队”的女性，在目睹极地地区的气候变化影响后，受到激励，来支持气候研究。A. support支持，帮助；B. fund资助；C. deliver交付；D. found创立。根据上文“That’s where Falun Strom and Sorby come in — 4 observations about wildlife and the environment that could help scientists 5 how rapid warming is changing Arctic ecosystems.”可知，法伦・斯特伦和索比收集数据来帮助科学家们进行气候研究。故选A。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她们两人都有在寒冷环境工作的经验。A. faith信念；B. training培训；C. experience经验；D. progress进步。根据下文“Sorby has worked as a historian and guide in Antarctica, while Falun Strom has spent time in trappers’ huts across the Arctic.”可知，她们都有在寒冷环境中工作的经验。故选C。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“仿佛我在斯瓦尔巴群岛的所有岁月都为这次越冬做好了准备，” 法伦・斯特伦说。A. introduced介绍；B. prepared准备；C. invited邀请；D. chosen选择。根据上文“Sorby has worked as a historian and guide in Antarctica, while Falun Strom has spent time in trappers’ huts across the Arctic.”可知，她在北极地区的这些经历为她的这次越冬做好了准备。故选B。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但即使对她来说，这次巴姆塞布考察经历也十分艰难。A. fantastic极好的；B. tough艰难的；C. boring无聊的；D. beneficial有益的。根据下文“There is no running water, so they melt ice for water and chop wood to keep warm.”可知，没有自来水、得自己砍木头取暖，因此这次考察经历非常艰难。故选B。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：外出需要穿多层衣物。A. suggests建议；B. includes包含；C. allows允许；D. requires需要。根据上文“the winter temperatures can drop to around -30 ˚ C”可知，该地区外面很冷，外出需要穿很多层衣服。故选D。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我们一直在拍照，” 索比说，她们拍摄狐狸、驯鹿和北极熊。A. guarding守卫；B. watching观看；C. hunting捕猎；D. photographing拍摄。根据上文“We snap constantly”及下文“Those photos”可知，她们一直在拍照，拍摄这些动物的照片。故选D。 12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些照片可能会让人们了解该地区的动物如何适应变暖的气候。A. adapting to适应；B. getting over克服；C. depending on依赖；D. contributing to促成。根据下文“because polar bears normally eat seals. Scientists suspect bears may be forced to 15 their eating habits because warmer ocean currents are drastically shrinking sea ice where bears 16 seals.”可知，北极熊因为变暖的气候而被迫改变饮食习惯，因此这些照片可能会让人们了解该地区的动物如何适应变暖的气候。故选A。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：11月，她们遇到了一只刚捕猎到驯鹿的北极熊。A. caught捕捉；B. encountered遇到；C. helped帮助；D. attacked攻击。根据下文“a polar bear that had recently hunted a reindeer”可知，此处指她们遇到了一只北极熊。故选B。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这很奇怪，因为北极熊通常以海豹为食。A. practical实用的；B. natural自然的；C. odd奇怪的；D. ordinary普通的。根据上文“a polar bear that had recently hunted a reindeer”和下文“because polar bears normally eat seals”可知，北极熊通常吃海豹，却捕猎驯鹿，这一行为是奇怪的。故选C。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家推测，由于暖流彻底缩减了北极熊捕猎海豹的海冰面积，它们可能被迫改变饮食习惯。A. select选择；B. evaluate评估；C. maintain维持；D. change改变。根据上文“a polar bear that had recently hunted a reindeer”及“because polar bears normally eat seals.”可知，北极熊通常吃海豹，却捕猎驯鹿，它们可能由于气候变暖而被迫改变了饮食习惯。故选D。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家推测，由于暖流彻底缩减了北极熊捕猎海豹的海冰面积，它们可能被迫改变饮食习惯。A. discover发现；B. gather收集；C. follow跟随；D. hunt捕猎。根据上文“polar bears normally eat seals”可知，此处指北极熊捕猎海豹。故选D。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：巴姆塞布团队还在为“峡湾浮游生物”公民科学项目收集浮游生物样本，该项目通常依赖旅游船进行样本采集。A. collecting收集；B. ordering订购；C. reporting报告；D. studying研究。根据下文“for sample collection”可知，此处指收集浮游生物样本。故选A。 18．考查副词短语辨析。句意：巴姆塞布团队还在为“峡湾浮游生物”公民科学项目收集浮游生物样本，该项目通常依赖旅游船只进行样本采集。A. typically通常；B. suddenly突然；C. gracefully优雅地；D. curiously好奇地。根据上文“The Bamsebu team are also 17 phytoplankton samples for the FjordPhyto citizen science project”及下文“tourist ships for sample collection”可知，她们还为该项目收集样本，但该项目通常是依靠旅游船只进行样本收集的。故选A。 19．考查动词短语辨析。句意：巴姆塞布团队收集的样本可能会阐明北方地区是否正在发生类似的变化。A. get rid of摆脱；B. throw light on阐明；C. make up for弥补；D. give way to让步。根据上文“That’s where Falun Strom and Sorby come in — 4 observations about wildlife and the environment that could help scientists 5 how rapid warming is changing Arctic ecosystems.”及“Scientists suspect bears may be forced to 15 their eating habits because warmer ocean currents are drastically shrinking sea ice where bears 16 seals.”并结合全文可知，她们收集的数据能帮助科学家们研究气候变暖对北极生态系统的影响，因此她们收集的样本可能会帮助阐明北方地区是否正在发生类似的变化。故选B。 20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：巴姆塞布团队收集的样本可能会阐明北方地区是否正在发生类似的变化。A. increase增加；B. contrast对比；C. shift转变；D. balance平衡。根据上文“Scientists suspect bears may be forced to 15 their eating habits because warmer ocean currents are drastically shrinking sea ice where bears 16 seals.”并结合全文可知，气候变暖给北极生态系统带来了一系列的变化，比如说北极熊被迫改变饮食习惯，因此她们收集的样本能帮助阐明类似的变化是否在北方地区发生。故选C。 题型02 阅读理解 Passage 1 The mass death of flying foxes in extreme heat in North Queensland last month underlines the importance of University of Queensland wildlife research released today. The UQ research sheds light on how various species have responded to major climate events. A study led by UQ School of Earth and Environmental Science researcher Dr Sean Maxwell has spent more than 70 years quantifying the responses of various species. “The growing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as cyclones, droughts and floods is causing unpredictable and immediate changes to ecosystems and blocking existing management efforts”, Dr Maxwell said. “Some of the negative responses we found were quite concerning, including more than 100 cases of dramatic population declines and 31 cases of local population extinction following an extreme event.” “Populations of critically endangered bird species in Hawaii, such as the palia, have been annihilated due to drought, leaving none of its kind, and populations of lizard species have been wiped out due to cyclones in the Bahamas.” Cyclones were the most common extreme event for birds, fish, plants and reptiles, while mammals and amphibians were most responsive to drought events, with drought leading to 12 cases of major population decline in mammals. Drought also led to 13 cases of breeding declines in bird populations and 12 cases of changes in the composition of invertebrate communities. UQ Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science director Professor James Watson said the detailed information would help inform ecosystem management. “The research clearly shows species will respond, often negatively, to extreme events,” Professor Watson said. As climate change continues to ensure extreme climate and weather events are more and more common, we now need to act to ensure species have the best chance to survive. Wherever possible, high-quality and intact habitat areas should be retained, as these are the places where species are most resilient (有复原力的) to increasing exposure to extreme events. 1．How was the UQ research conducted? A．By observing extreme weather events. B．By protecting the endangered species. C．By recording reactions of animals to extreme climate. D．By analyzing the reason why mass animal death happened. 2．What does the underlined word “annihilated” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Destroyed B．Defeated C．Decreased D．Disappeared 3．Which of the following sentences is true about extreme weather events? A．Drought caused 13 cases of distinction in bird populations. B．Drought caused 12 cases of population drop in mammals. C．Birds and mammals are most responsive to cyclones. D．Cyclones wiped out populations of lizard species. 4．What can we infer from Professor Watson’s words? A．Species will make negative responses to extreme events. B．The existing management ways for wildlife protection are limited. C．Different methods should be adopted to ensure the survival of different species. D．Complete and undamaged habitats are of great importance to species’ survival. 5．What does the author mainly focus on in the passage? A．Varieties of extreme weather events and their causes. B．The great benefit of the University of Queensland wildlife research. C．Species’ negative reactions to extreme climate changes. D．Major natural disasters and their destructive effects. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍昆士兰大学的研究揭示物种对极端气候事件的负面响应及该研究对生态管理的指导意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A study led by UQ School of Earth and Environmental Science researcher Dr Sean Maxwell has spent more than 70 years quantifying the responses of various species.(这项由昆士兰大学地球与环境科学学院的肖恩·麦克斯韦博士领导的研究，耗时70余年，量化了不同物种的应对反应)”以及第一段中的“The UQ research sheds light on how various species have responded to major climate events.(昆士兰大学的这项研究揭示了不同物种是如何应对重大气候事件的)”可知，该研究是通过记录物种对极端气候的反应开展的。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“leaving none of its kind(导致该物种无一幸免)”可知，夏威夷极度濒危的鸟类palia因干旱彻底灭绝，因此“annihilated”的意思与“Destroyed（毁灭；灭绝）”相近。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“with drought leading to 12 cases of major population decline in mammals (干旱导致12起哺乳动物种群数量大幅下降的情况)”可知，干旱导致12起哺乳动物种群数量大幅下降的情况。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Wherever possible, high quality and intact habitat areas should be retained, as these are the places where species are most resilient to increasing exposure to extreme events.(只要有可能，就应该保留高质量、完整的栖息地，因为这些地方的物种对日益增多的极端事件的抵抗力最强)”可知，完整且未受破坏的栖息地对物种生存至关重要。故选D项。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章开篇以狐蝠因极端高温大量死亡引出昆士兰大学的研究，随后重点阐述研究发现：极端气候事件导致多个物种数量下降甚至灭绝，最后说明该研究对生态管理的启示。由此可知，作者的核心关注点是物种对极端气候变化的负面响应。故选C项。 Passage 2 Researchers have spent decades catching and measuring birds in a remote corner of Brazil’s Amazon rainforest. They started coming here to study diversity in old-growth forests. They wanted to compare species living there to those in areas where logging (伐木) or roads have broken up the habitat. But a team has discovered a more subtle change: Birds are shrinking. Over the past 40 years, dozens of tropical bird species have gotten smaller. Many species have lost about 1 to 2 percent of their average body weight per decade. What’s more, some species have grown longer wings. During the same time period, the climate has gotten hotter and more variable. Leaner, more efficient bodies may help birds stay cool, the researchers say. “Climate change isn’t something of the future. It’s happening now.” says Ben Winger. “And,” he adds, it “has effects we haven’t thought of.” Winger is an ornithologist — someone who studies birds. He wasn’t part of the new study. But he has witnessed a similar shrinkage in migratory birds (候鸟). Seeing the same patterns in many different types of birds, including ones now that don’t migrate, suggests it may be “a more universal phenomenon.” he says. Many studies have linked body size and temperature. In colder climates, it pays to be big. A smaller surface area relative to one’s volume reduces heat loss through the skin. That keeps a body warmer. As the climate warms, “you’d expect shrinking body sizes to help organisms off-load heat better,” says Vitek Jirinec. He’s an ecologist at the Integral Ecology Research Center. Jirinec and his team wanted to see if birds that stay put also have been shrinking. They studied tropical species that don’t migrate. They focused on birds in an undisturbed part of the Amazon. (That helps rule out local human effects, such as logging.) They analyzed data from 1979 to 2019. It came from more than 11,000 individual birds. They represented 77 species. Measurements included body mass and wing length. The researchers also examined climate data for the region. The study included birds with very different lifestyles. Some live high in the trees. Others lived lower, even on the ground. And all species got lighter over time, the researchers found. On average, species lost from about 0.1 percent to nearly 2 percent of their body weight each decade. Birds could be evolving to adapt to climate change. Or their bodies might grow differently in response to warmer temperatures. Either way, the emerging changes point to the potential harm of human activity, Jirinec says. 1．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ______. A．introduce the main topic of the passage B．argue against the idea that climate change affects wildlife C．summarize the findings of previous research on bird body size D．provide background information about the study on tropical birds 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Some tropical bird species have grown longer wings in response to climate change. B．The climate in the Amazon rainforest has remained stable over the past few decades. C．Researchers have observed no changes in the body size of tropical bird species. D．The average body weight of tropical bird species has increased over the past 40 years. 3．What does Ben Winger suggest about the observed changes in bird sizes? A．The changes are limited to migratory birds and do not apply to other species. B．The changes may be a universal phenomenon affecting many types of birds. C．The changes are unrelated to climate change. D．The changes are temporary and will reverse as temperatures stabilize. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing Paragraph 5? A．To argue that the shrinking body size of tropical birds is not a significant concern. B．To argue that human activities like logging have no impact on bird populations. C．To compare the differences between migratory and non-migratory birds. D．To present findings on bird size changes and their link to climate change. 5．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Migratory Birds in the Amazon Rainforest B．The Decline in Body Size of Amazonian Bird Species C．As the Tropics Warm, Some Birds Are Shrinking D．The Impact of Logging on Tropical Bird Species 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了热带鸟类因气候变暖而体型缩小的现象。 1．推理判断题。由文章第一段“Researchers have spent decades catching and measuring birds in a remote corner of Brazil’s Amazon rainforest. They started coming here to study diversity in old-growth forests. They wanted to compare species living there to those in areas where logging (伐木) or roads have broken up the habitat. But a team has discovered a more subtle change: Birds are shrinking. (研究人员数十年来一直在巴西亚马孙雨林的一个偏远角落捕捉并测量鸟类。他们最初来到这里是为了研究原始森林的多样性。他们希望将生活在那里的物种与那些栖息地因伐木或修路而遭到破坏的地区的物种进行比较。但一个研究小组发现了一种更为微妙的变化：鸟类的体型正在变小。)”可知，作者写第一段是为了引出文章的主题，即鸟类体型因气候变化而缩小。故选A。 2．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Over the past 40 years, dozens of tropical bird species have gotten smaller. Many species have lost about 1 to 2 percent of their average body weight per decade. What’s more, some species have grown longer wings. (在过去的40年里，几十种热带鸟类体型变小，许多物种每十年平均体重减少约1%到2%，而且有些物种的翅膀变得更长。)”可知，为了应对气候变化，几十种热带鸟类体型变小，有些翅膀变得更长。故选A。 3．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Seeing the same patterns in many different types of birds, including ones now that don’t migrate, suggests it may be “a more universal phenomenon.” he says. (他说道，在许多不同类型的鸟类（包括现在不再迁徙的鸟类）身上都发现了同样的模式，这表明这可能是一种“更为普遍的现象”。)”可知，Ben Winger认为鸟类体型的变化可能是一个影响许多类型鸟类的普遍现象。故选B。 4．推理判断题。由文章第五段中“Jirinec and his team wanted to see if birds that stay put also have been shrinking. They studied tropical species that don’t migrate. They focused on birds in an undisturbed part of the Amazon. (That helps rule out local human effects, such as logging.) They analyzed data from 1979 to 2019. It came from more than 11,000 individual birds. They represented 77 species. Measurements included body mass and wing length. The researchers also examined climate data for the region. The study included birds with very different lifestyles. Some live high in the trees. Others lived lower, even on the ground. And all species got lighter over time, the researchers found. (Jirinec和他的团队想弄清楚那些留在原地不迁徙的鸟类是否也在变小。他们研究了不迁徙的热带鸟类物种。他们把重点放在了亚马孙河一片未受干扰地区的鸟类上。（这有助于排除当地人类活动的影响，比如伐木。）他们分析了1979年至2019年的数据。这些数据来自11000多只单独的鸟，代表了77个物种。测量内容包括体重和翼展长度。研究人员还研究了该地区的气候数据。这项研究涵盖了生活方式截然不同的鸟类。有些鸟类生活在高高的树上，另一些则生活在较低的地方，甚至在地面上。研究人员发现，所有的物种随着时间的推移体重都变轻了。)”可知，作者写第五段的目的是展示关于鸟类体型变化及其与气候变化联系的研究结果。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段中“Over the past 40 years, dozens of tropical bird species have gotten smaller. (在过去的40年里，数十种热带鸟类的体型已经变小。)”可知，文章主要讲述了随着热带地区气候变暖，一些鸟类的体型在缩小。因此，C选项“As the Tropics Warm, Some Birds Are Shrinking (随着热带地区变暖，一些鸟类在缩小)”最适合作为本文标题。故选C。 Passage 3 Your favorite foods might not taste the same in the future, and the climate crisis is behind it. In Spain, the black Iberian pigs, which are very important for making special ham, usually eat acorns (橡子) and surrounding grass under oak trees. However, because of heatwaves and a five-year drought, these natural foods are becoming less. So, the pigs are now fed olives (橄榄), thereby changing the unique flavor of the ham. Drought also affects how fruits taste. For example, watermelons and cantaloupes (香瓜) taste different when there’s a drought. Researchers from a Spanish tech center told a Spanish newspaper that sugars and other compounds build up during droughts, changing the taste of food, sometimes for better, sometimes for worse. Beyond drought, rising temperatures and sea levels also influence food flavors. Typically, warm days and cool nights improve the sugar and acid content in fruits, which are essential for the optimal flavor. However, global warming makes this hard to achieve. For example, Japanese apples are becoming less acidic, softer, and drier due to early blooming and high temperatures during growth. While the food we eat is deeply influenced by the climate crisis, our food choices also cause it. Eating meat and dairy from cows has a big impact on the climate. Raising livestock (牲畜) produces a lot of greenhouse gases. Making animal protein also needs more land, energy and water than making plant-based protein. This may seem like a problem that can’t be solved, but we can break this cycle. The Good Food Institute, a US group, believes people will choose alternative protein if they are as tasty and affordable as meat. Meanwhile, more people have started to take action. According to The New York Times, Will Hlamris, a US farmer, practices regenerative farming, allowing cows to move around freely, using less chemical use and disturbing the soil less, which is more environmentally friendly. 1．What changes the flavor of the ham? A．People’s need to make the flavor special. B．The harvest of acorns and the surrounding grass. C．The unique compounds caused by heatwaves. D．The shortage of food sources and alternative feed. 2．What does the underlined word “optimal” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Best. B．Strange. C．Common. D．Worst. 3．Which are the factors leading to the change of foods’ flavor? A．Heatwaves and hurricanes. B．Rising temperatures and sea levels. C．Human’s study and choices. D．Regenerative farming and researches. 4．According to the Good Food Institute, people will choose alternative protein if ______. A．they are cheaper than meat B．the environment changes C．the greenhouse gases disappear D．they are delicious and cheap enough 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Food production affected by climate. B．Benefits of regenerative farming. C．Climate crisis changing food taste. D．Livestock’s role in making protein. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出气候危机影响食物味道，如西班牙火腿、水果受干旱、升温等影响风味改变，同时食物选择也会导致气候问题，不过人们可通过选择替代蛋白、再生农业等方式打破这一循环。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In Spain, the black Iberian pigs, which are very important for making special ham, usually eat acorns (橡子) and surrounding grass under oak trees. However, because of heatwaves and a five-year drought, these natural foods are becoming less. So, the pigs are now fed olives (橄榄), thereby changing the unique flavor of the ham. (在西班牙，黑伊比利亚猪是制作特殊火腿的重要原料，它们通常吃橡树下的橡子和周围的草。然而，由于热浪和长达五年的干旱，这些天然食物越来越少了。因此，猪现在被喂橄榄，从而改变了火腿的独特风味)”可知，食物来源的短缺和替代饲料是导致火腿风味改变的原因。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Typically, warm days and cool nights improve the sugar and acid content in fruits (通常，温暖的白天和凉爽的夜晚会提高水果中的糖和酸含量)”和下文“However, global warming makes this hard to achieve. For example, Japanese apples are becoming less acidic, softer, and drier due to early blooming and high temperatures during growth. (然而，全球变暖使这一目标难以实现。例如，由于早熟和生长过程中的高温，日本苹果变得不那么酸、更软、更干)”可知，全球变暖使得水果的成分有所变化，日本苹果变得不那么可口，味道不佳。由此可知，原先的气候条件可以促成水果达到最佳的风味。由此推知，划线词意思是“最好的，最佳的”，与A项Best意思一致。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Beyond drought, rising temperatures and sea levels also influence food flavors. (除了干旱，气温上升和海平面上升也会影响食物的味道)”可知，气温上升和海平面上升是导致食物风味变化的因素。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The Good Food Institute, a US group, believes people will choose alternative protein if they are as tasty and affordable as meat. (美国健康食品研究所认为，如果替代蛋白和肉类一样美味又实惠，人们会选择它们)”可知，该机构认为，替代蛋白足够美味和便宜的情况下，人们会选择它们。故选D项。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Your favorite foods might not taste the same in the future, and the climate crisis is behind it. (你最喜欢的食物在未来可能尝起来不一样，而气候危机是背后的原因)”可知，文章主要讨论了气候危机如何影响食物的味道，包括干旱、气温上升和海平面上升等因素。由此可知，C项“气候危机改变食物味道”最能概括文章的主旨。故选C项。 Passage 4 If the findings of a bunch of new climatic researches conducted recently are any guide, we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society as well as the environment could be quite severe. Geographers have made a prediction that within the future eighty years, current world climate zones could shift and chances are that some could completely disappear. Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter, forcing animals to migrate north. Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases. Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase in numbers but in intensity as well. If the changes come too quickly, animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could face extinction. According to Science Daily, a new study predicts that by the year 2100, many of today’s familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today’s world. It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these far-reaching consequences for the sake of the whole world. The planet earth itself has been showing signs of change, which concerns the scientific community deeply. In 2004, a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in2008, thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake. Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake. Within just the last few months, new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously expected. At this point, it doesn’t matter what’s causing it, but rather, what can be done about it. What’s more, our world is getting more and more unstable every year. There has been war and threat of war everywhere. Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious. However, astronomical observations have been showing signs that other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection behind such mysterious phenomena. Yet no one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data. 1．What does the underlined word “devastated” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．shocked. B．destroyed. C．frightened D．impacted. 2．The examples of several destructive earthquakes are used to support the idea that ________. A．Earthquakes have caused significant damage to the human society. B．measures must be taken to prevent future earthquakes from causing damage. C．Some major changes seem to be taking place on the planet earth. D．The probability of more earthquakes happening in the future remains strong. 3．According to the fourth paragraph, how should we react to climate change? A．We should explore the reasons for climate change. B．We should explore possible measures to deal with it. C．We should stop environmental pollution completely D．We should plan to move to other planets as soon as possible. 4．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Species won’t become extinct as long as climate change happens slowly. B．There’s enough data at hand for us to predict the future of climate change. C．The world is getting more unstable because of large-scale migration. D．The earth is not alone in experiencing major climate changes currently. 5．Which of the following would be the best summary of the passage? A．How our planet should be protected from climate change. B．What could be done to practically cope with climate change. C．We should beware of the unpromising future of climate change. D．The passage serves as an introduction to climate change and its effects. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．C 【导语】这一是篇说明文。主要介绍了气候变化的严重性及其对地球环境和社会的潜在影响，强调了采取行动减少气候变化风险的紧迫性。 1．词义猜测题。根据下文“in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.(2010年又发生了一次大地震)”可知，2010年，海地又遭遇了一场大地震，造成了毁灭性的破坏。所以划线词为“破坏”故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“The planet earth itself has been showing signs of change, which concerns the scientific community deeply. (地球自身已经显示出变化的迹象，这令引科学界十分关注。)”可知，地球上开始发生重大变化，然后以三个例子来说明这种变化。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“At this point, it doesn’t matter what’s causing it, but rather, what can be done about it. (此时，重要的是不在于它是由什么引起的，而在于我们能对此做些什么。)”可知，在面对气候变化时，我们应探索可能的应对它的方法。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“However, astronomical observations have been showing signs that other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection behind such mysterious phenomena. (然而，天文观测显示，其他行星也在经历全球变暖，就像我们自己的星球一样，一些科学家认为这些神秘现象背后可能存在某种联系。)”可知，其它行星也在经历地球所经历的气候变化，地球并不孤单。故选D项。 5．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，第一段主要写气候变化可能导致社会和环境受到重大影响。第二段主要写气候变化可能导致疾病传播，热带风暴和飓风的增加，以及动植物物种面临灭绝的风险。第三段主要写一份报道预测未来许多熟悉的气候将被未知气候取代。第四段强调了应对气候变化的行动比探讨其原因更为重要。第五段主要表明地球在气候变化上并不孤单。全文主要围绕气候变化带来的令人忧心忡忡的影响展开，与C项内容“我们应该警惕气候变化不容乐观的未来”契合主旨大意。故选C项。 Passage 5 The effects of “weird weather” were already being felt in the 1960s, but scientists linking fossil fuels with climate change were dismissed as prophets of doom (末日预言家). In August 1974, the ClA produced a study on “climatological research as it is related to intelligence (情报) problems”. The diagnosis was dramatic. It warned of the emergence of a new era of weird weather, leading to political unrest and mass migration (which, in turn, would cause more unrest). The new era the agency imagined wasn’t necessarily one of hotter temperatures; the CIA had heard from scientists warning of global cooling as well as warming. But the direction in which the temperature was changing wasn’t their immediate concern; it was the political impact. They knew that the so-called “little ice age”, a series of cold snaps between, roughly, 1350 and 1850, had brought not only drought and famine, but also war. “The climate change began in 1960,” the report’s first page informs us, “but no one, including the climatologists, recognised it.” Crop failures in the Soviet Union and India in the early 1960s had been attributed to standard unlucky weather. The US shipped grain to India and the Soviets killed off livestock to eat . But, the report argued, the world ignored this warning, as the global population continued to grow and states made massive investments in energy, technology and medicine. Meanwhile, the weird weather rolled on, shifting to a collection of west African countries just below the Sahara. People in Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Chad “became the first victims of the climate change”, the report argued, but their suffering was masked by other struggles or the richer parts of the world simply weren’t paying attention. As the effects of climate change started to spread to other parts of the world, the early 1970s saw report s of droughts, crop failures and floods from Myanmar, Pakistan, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Costa Rica, Honduras, Japan, Manila, Ecuador, USSR, China, India and the US. 1．The climatological research by CIA showed that ______. A．global cooling had more evidence than warming B．political impact was more unpredictable than climate C．climate change could cause conflicts between countries D．historical ice age had an impact on future weather 2．Why did the world ignore climate change warnings in the 1960s? A．Because climatologists lacked equipment for observation. B．Because crop failures attracted the world’s attention. C．Because climate change was a national secret e of Soviet Union. D．Because the world was busy developing economy and technology. 3．How did the world respond to the suffering of the first victims of climate change? A．The US provided them with grain to reduce hunger. B．The rich countries failed to notice their struggle. C．The world praised their courage in the face of weird weather. D．The African people migrated to the area near Sahara. 4．Throughout 1960s and the 1970s, climate warnings were ______. A．unclear and confusing B．widespread and neglected C．rare and disastrous D．frequent and insignificant 5．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To inform people of the ignored signs of climate changes. B．To call on people to protect the environment. C．To explain why climate changes have effects on politics. D．To tell people how to prevent weird weather. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文回顾了20世纪60年代和70年代气候变化的早期迹象，以及中央情报局对气候变化可能引发政治动荡和大规模移民的警告，同时指出了当时世界对这些警告的忽视。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“In August 1974, the ClA produced a study on “climatological research as it is related to intelligence (情报) problems”. The diagnosis was dramatic. It warned of the emergence of a new era of weird weather, leading to political unrest and mass migration (which, in turn, would cause more unrest).(1974年8月，中情局发表了一份关于‘与情报问题有关的气候学研究’的报告。诊断结果令人震惊。它警告说，一个怪异天气的新时代即将来临，这将导致政治动荡和大规模移民（反过来，这将导致更多的动荡）)”以及第三段中“But the direction in which the temperature was changing wasn’t their immediate concern; it was the political impact. They knew that the so-called “little ice age”, a series of cold snaps between, roughly, 1350 and 1850, had brought not only drought and famine, but also war.(但是温度变化的方向并不是他们最关心的;这是政治影响。他们知道所谓的‘小冰河期’，即大约在1350年到1850年之间的一系列寒流，不仅带来了干旱和饥荒，还带来了战争。)”可知，CIA并没有特别强调全球变冷或变暖的证据，而是关注气候变化的政治影响；他们的研究表明气候变化造成的极端天气不仅带来干旱饥荒，还会导致政治动荡和大规模移民，这反过来将导致更多的动荡甚至战争；由此推知，气候变化可能导致政治动荡甚至国家间的冲突。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“But, the report argued, the world ignored this warning, as the global population continued to grow and states made massive investments in energy, technology and medicine.(但报告认为，随着全球人口的持续增长和国家在能源、技术和医学上进行大规模投资，世界忽视了这一警告。)”可知，世界在1960年代忽视气候变化警告是因为忙于经济发展和技术进步。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Meanwhile, the weird weather rolled on, shifting to a collection of west African countries just below the Sahara. People in Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Chad “became the first victims of the climate change”, the report argued, but their suffering was masked by other struggles or the richer parts of the world simply weren’t paying attention.(与此同时，这种奇怪的天气还在继续，转移到了撒哈拉以南的一些西非国家。报告称，毛里塔尼亚、塞内加尔、马里、布基纳法索、尼日尔和乍得的人民‘为气候变化的首批受害者’，但他们的苦难被其他斗争掩盖了，或者世界上较富裕的地区根本没有注意到这一点。)”可知，撒哈拉以南的一些西非国家成为气候变化的首批受害者，然而他们的苦难被其他斗争所掩盖或者被富裕地区所忽视；由此可知，富裕国家并没有注意到气候变化的第一批受害者在苦难中的挣扎。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中““The climate change began in 1960,” the report’s first page informs us, “but no one, including the climatologists, recognised it.” Crop failures in the Soviet Union and India in the early 1960s had been attributed to standard unlucky weather. The US shipped grain to India and the Soviets killed off livestock to eat . But, the report argued, the world ignored this warning(‘气候变化始于1960年，’报告的第一页告诉我们，‘但包括气候学家在内，没有人认识到这一点。’20世纪60年代初，苏联和印度的农作物歉收被归咎于常见的倒霉天气。美国将粮食运往印度，苏联杀死牲畜食用。但是，报告认为，世界忽视了这一警告)”、第五段中“Meanwhile, the weird weather rolled on, shifting to a collection of west African countries just below the Sahara. People in Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Chad “became the first victims of the climate change”, the report argued, but their suffering was masked by other struggles or the richer parts of the world simply weren’t paying attention.(与此同时，这种奇怪的天气还在继续，转移到了撒哈拉以南的一些西非国家。报告称，毛里塔尼亚、塞内加尔、马里、布基纳法索、尼日尔和乍得的人民‘为气候变化的首批受害者’，但他们的苦难被其他斗争掩盖了，或者世界上较富裕的地区根本没有注意到这一点。)”以及最后一段中“the early 1970s saw report s of droughts, crop failures and floods from Myanmar, Pakistan, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Costa Rica, Honduras, Japan, Manila, Ecuador, USSR, China, India and the US.(20世纪70年代初，缅甸、巴基斯坦、朝鲜民主主义人民共和国、哥斯达黎加、洪都拉斯、日本、马尼拉、厄瓜多尔、苏联、中国、印度和美国都出现了干旱、作物歉收和洪水的报告。)”可知，在整个20世纪60年代和70年代，有关气候变化的警告被广泛传播，但被忽视。故选B项。 5．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“The effects of “weird weather” were already being felt in the 1960s, but scientists linking fossil fuels with climate change were dismissed as prophets of doom ( 末日预言家).(‘怪异天气’的影响早在20世纪60年代就已为人所知，但将化石燃料与气候变化联系起来的科学家却被视为末日预言家而不予考虑。)”以及第四段“The climate change began in 1960... but no one, including the climatologists, recognised it.(气候变化始于1960年...但没有人，包括气候学家，认识到这一点。)”可知，文章主要讲述了在20世纪60年代和70年代，气候变化的警告已经出现，但是世界对此视而不见，忽视了这些警告的存在；由此可知，这篇文章的目的要告知人们被忽视的气候变化迹象。故选A项。 Passage 6 According to reports, three-quarters of all crops around the world depend on pollinating (授粉的) insects like bees and butterflies. By pollinating, pollinators enable the production of seeds. Without them, crop farming can become extremely difficult or costly threatening food supplies and prices globally. Research has shown a rapid and consistent decline in pollinator populations. Average butterfly populations have almost halved since 1991 and bee populations in particular face a sharp decline. Given the world’s growing dependence on these insects, we can only expect the problem to worsen if no action is taken. Much has been written about how intensive farming practices the use of chemical pesticides (杀虫剂), and pollution are threatening the survival of these helpful insects. To add to the already critical situation, global warming is contributing significantly to the rapid disappearance of pollinators. Climate change is a major threat to pollinators, with rising temperatures and increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events affecting the food sources and habitats, on which pollinators depend for their survival. Climate change also changes the timing and availability of lowering plants, leading to mismatches between pollinators and their food sources. A study has found that climate change has shifted plants’ blooming to earlier times and caused certain plants to move to higher areas, resulting in a decline in pollination. Another study has found that climate change could lead to a decline in the quality of nectar, which is the main food source for many pollinators. As temperatures rise, the sugar content of nectar decreases, making it less nutritious for pollinators. This leads to a decline in the health and reproductive success of pollinators, as well as a decline in the pollination of plants. Needless to say, cutting global emissions (排放量) is key. It’s essential that we continue to advocate for emission reductions. From country-level to individual businesses, more concrete roadmaps to net zero are a must. We must at least minimize, if not prevent, the usage of pesticides, since these chemicals are harmful to pollinators and can have a far-reaching effect on pollination as a whole. 1．What does paragraph 1 try to show? A．The influence of crop crises. B．The importance of pollinators. C．The serious challenges faced by humans. D．The increasing difficulty of crop production. 2．How does the author sound in paragraph 2? A．Curious. B．Suspicious. C．Humorous. D．Anxious. 3．What do paragraphs 3 — 4 mainly talk about? A．Why chemical pesticides are harmful to pollinators. B．Causes of the decline in pollinator populations. C．The importance of pollinators to the ecosystem. D．How climate change has affected pollinators. 4．What have the two studies found? A．Climate change greatly affects pollination. B．Pollution seriously threatens pollinators survival. C．Global warming contributes to the loss of pollinators’ habitats. D．Improper farming practices cause some pollinators to disappear. 5．What is a suggestion for helping pollinators? A．Starting keeping bees. B．Reducing pesticide use. C．Increasing the amount of nectar. D．Building more habitats for pollinators. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了气候变化和农药使用对传粉媒介（如蜜蜂和蝴蝶）数量的影响，以及这些影响如何威胁到全球的粮食供应和价格。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“According to reports, three-quarters of all crops around the world depend on pollinating (授粉的) insects like bees and butterflies. By pollinating, pollinators enable the production of seeds. Without them, crop farming can become extremely difficult or costly threatening food supplies and prices globally.(据报道，世界上四分之三的作物依赖于蜜蜂和蝴蝶等授粉昆虫。通过授粉，传粉者使种子得以产生。没有它们，农作物种植就会变得极其困难或成本高昂，威胁到全球的粮食供应和价格)”可知，第一段想要展示的是传粉者的重要性。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Research has shown a rapid and consistent decline in pollinator populations. Average butterfly populations have almost halved since 1991 and bee populations in particular face a sharp decline. Given the world’s growing dependence on these insects, we can only expect the problem to worsen if no action is taken.(研究表明，传粉者的数量正在迅速而持续地下降。自1991年以来，蝴蝶的平均数量几乎减少了一半，蜜蜂的数量尤其面临急剧下降。考虑到世界对这些昆虫的日益依赖，如果不采取行动，我们只能预计问题会恶化)”可知，作者对于传粉者减少这一趋势表示担忧。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Much has been written about how intensive farming practices the use of chemical pesticides (杀虫剂), and pollution are threatening the survival of these helpful insects. To add to the already critical situation, global warming is contributing significantly to the rapid disappearance of pollinators.(关于集约化耕作、化学农药的使用和污染如何威胁到这些有益昆虫的生存，已经写了很多文章。雪上加霜的是，全球变暖严重加剧了传粉者的迅速消失)”和第四段“Climate change is a major threat to pollinators, with rising temperatures and increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events affecting the food sources and habitats, on which pollinators depend for their survival.(气候变化是传粉者面临的主要威胁，气温上升以及极端天气事件的频率和强度增加，影响了传粉者赖以生存的食物来源和栖息地)”可知，3-4段主要介绍了传粉者数量下降的原因。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段“A study has found that climate change has shifted plants’ blooming to earlier times and caused certain plants to move to higher areas, resulting in a decline in pollination.(一项研究发现，气候变化使植物的开花时间提前，并导致某些植物向更高的地区迁移，导致授粉减少)”和第六段“Another study has found that climate change could lead to a decline in the quality of nectar, which is the main food source for many pollinators.(另一项研究发现，气候变化可能导致花蜜质量下降，而花蜜是许多传粉昆虫的主要食物来源)”可知，这两项研究发现了气候变化极大地影响了授粉。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据最后一段“We must at least minimize, if not prevent, the usage of pesticides, since these chemicals are harmful to pollinators and can have a far-reaching effect on pollination as a whole.(我们必须至少尽量减少农药的使用，因为这些化学品对传粉者有害，并可能对整个传粉过程产生深远的影响)”可知，帮助传粉者的建议包括减少农药的使用。故选B。 Passage 7 A new study finds climate events such as flooding, heat waves and drought worsen more than half of the known diseases that infect people. These diseases include malaria, cholera and anthrax. Researchers examined medical literature (文献) of established cases of such diseases. They found out that 218 out of the known 375 human infectious diseases seemed to be made worse by extreme weather connected to climate change. The study connected more than 1,000 pathways from climate events to sick people. In some cases, heavy rains and flooding sicken people through disease-carrying mosquitoes, rats and deer. Other events, like warming oceans and heat waves, spoil seafood and droughts bring bats carrying viral infections to people. Medical doctors, going back to the days of ancient Greek civilization, have long connected disease to weather. But this study shows how widespread the influence of climate events is on human health. “If climate is changing, the risk of these diseases is changing,” said Dr Jonathan Patz. “The findings of this study are terrifying and illustrate well the enormous (巨大的) consequences of climate change on human pathogens (病原体). Humans need to all work together to prevent disasters from climate change.” Camilo Mora, a climate data expert, said the study is not about predicting future cases. “These are things that have already happened,” he noted. Here’s one example Mora knows from his own experience. About five years ago, Mora’s home in rural Colombia was flooded, creating a breeding ground for mosquitoes. Mora contracted Chikungunya, a virus spread by mosquito bites. He survived, but he still suffers pain related to the disease. In another case, the remains of a reindeer which died from anthrax were unearthed as the Siberian permafrost (永冻土) melted from warming in 2016. A child touched the dead animal, got anthrax, and an outbreak spread. Dr Aaron Bernstein said the study is a good warning about climate and health for now and the future. He added, “But of course, it only reports on what we already know and what’s yet unknown about pathogens may be yet more compelling about how preventing further climate change may prevent future disasters like COVID-19.” 1．Which is TRUE according to Dr Jonathan? A．The risk of climate is always changing. B．Ancient people connected diseases to weather too. C．Humans should deal with climate change urgently. D．Human diseases were illustrated in Greek civilization. 2．What does the author want to prove by mentioning the examples in Paragraph 4? A．The quick spread of the virus. B．The disastrous flooding in Colombia. C．The destructive Siberian permafrost. D．The bad impacts of climate events on human health. 3．What does Dr Aaron stress in the last paragraph? A．COVID-19 still remains a mystery to people. B．More disasters will be caused by climate change. C．Climate change is a good warning about human health. D．People should care more about the unknown diseases. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Climate change helps spread some deadly illnesses B．Climate events are connected with infectious diseases C．Climate disasters provide key information about diseases D．Extreme climate may lead to serious disasters 5．What does the underlined word “compelling” mean in the last paragraph? A．Convincing. B．Challenging. C．Driving. D．Forcing. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现气候事件加剧了人类的传染病，严重影响人类的健康。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中Jonathan Patz所说的话“The findings of this study are terrifying and illustrate well the enormous (巨大的) consequences of climate change on human pathogens (病原体). Humans need to all work together to prevent disasters from climate change (这项研究的结果令人震惊，并很好地说明了气候变化对人类病原体的巨大影响。人类需要共同努力，防止气候变化带来的灾难)”可知，他认为研究揭示了气候变化对人类病原体的巨大影响，人类应紧急应对气候变化。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“About five years ago, Mora’s home in rural Colombia was flooded, creating a breeding ground for mosquitoes. Mora contracted Chikungunya, a virus spread by mosquito bites. He survived, but he still suffers pain related to the disease. In another case, the remains of a reindeer which died from anthrax were unearthed as the Siberian permafrost (永冻土) melted from warming in 2016. A child touched the dead animal, got anthrax, and an outbreak spread. (大约五年前，Mora在哥伦比亚农村的家被洪水淹没，成为蚊子的滋生地。Mora感染了基孔肯雅热，一种通过蚊子叮咬传播的病毒。他活了下来，但他仍然忍受着与疾病有关的痛苦。在另一个案例中，2016年西伯利亚永久冻土因变暖而融化，一只死于炭疽热的驯鹿的遗体被挖掘出来。一个孩子接触了死去的动物，感染了炭疽，然后疫情蔓延开来)”可知，这两个例子说明了气候变化导致疾病传播，人类为此受累。由此推知，作者提到例子是为了说明气候事件对人类健康的不良影响。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Aaron所说的话“But of course, it only reports on what we already know and what’s yet unknown about pathogens may be yet more compelling about how preventing further climate change may prevent future disasters like COVID-19. (但当然，它只报告了我们已经知道的东西，关于如何预防进一步的气候变化可能会阻止未来的COVID-19等灾难，对病原体的未知信息可能更具说服力)”可知，Aaron是在说明对病原体的未知信息可以发挥的巨大作用。由此推知，他强调人们应该更多地关心未知的疾病。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“A new study finds climate events such as flooding, heat waves and drought worsen more than half of the known diseases that infect people. (一项新的研究发现，洪水、热浪和干旱等气候事件使一半以上的已知感染人类的疾病恶化)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究显示了气候事件对人类传染病的加剧作用，严重影响人类的健康。由此可知，B项“气候事件与传染病有关”符合文章大意，适合作为标题。故选B项。 5．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Dr Aaron Bernstein said the study is a good warning about climate and health for now and the future. (Aaron Bernstein博士说，这项研究对现在和未来的气候和健康都是一个很好的警告)”“But of course, it only reports on what we already know and what’s yet unknown about pathogens (但当然，它只报告了我们已经知道的东西，对病原体的未知信息)”和下文“about how preventing further climate change may prevent future disasters like COVID-19 (关于如何预防进一步的气候变化可能会阻止未来的COVID-19等灾难)”可知，此处从Aaron Bernstein博士的角度解释该研究的意义，说明研究中已知的内容对我们有警示作用，再结合发现未知事物的常识可推知，如果能了解病原体的未知信息，那么就可以更准确地把握气候变化和这些传染病之间的关联，从而对预防进一步的灾难更有说服力。由此可知，划线词compelling意思应该是“有说服力的”，与convincing意思相近。故选A项。 Passage 8 The rapid pace of global warming and its effects on habitats raise the question of whether species are able to keep up so that they remain in suitable living conditions. Some animals can move fast to adjust to a quickly changing climate. Plants, being less mobile, rely on means such as seed dispersal (传播) by animals, wind or water to move to new areas, but this redistribution typically occurs within one kilometer of the original plant. Writing in Nature, Juan P. González-Varo sheds light on the potential capacity of migratory (迁徙的) birds to aid seed dispersal. González-Varo and colleagues report how plants might be able to keep pace with rapid climate change through the help of migrating birds. They analyzed an impressive data set of 949 different seed-dispersal interactions between bird and plant communities, together with data on entire fruiting times and migratory patterns of birds across Europe. The authors hypothesized (假定) that the direction of seed migration depends on how the plants interact with migratory birds, the frequency of these interactions or the number of bird species that might transport seeds from each plant species. Perhaps the most striking feature of these inferred seed movements is the observation that 35 percent of plant species across European communities, which are closely related on the phylogenetic tree (进化树谱), might benefit from long-distance dispersal by the northward journey of migratory birds. This particular subset (小组) of plants tends to fruit over a long period of time, or has fruits that persist over the winter. This means that the ability of plants to keep up with climate change could be shaped by their evolutionary history – implying that future plant communities in the Northern Hemisphere (半球) will probably come from plant species that are phylogenetically closely related and that have migrated from the south. This study provides a great example of how migratory birds might assist plant redistribution to new locations that would normally be difficult for them to reach on their own, and which might offer a suitable climate. 1．The rapid pace of global warming and its effect are mentioned in Paragraph 1 ________. A．to call public attention to seed dispersal B．to show the threat of climate change to human beings C．to provide the background of González -Varo’s research D．to explain why some animals can adapt to climate change 2．How could plants keep pace with the rapid climate change according to González-Varo? A．With the help of wind and water. B．With the help of migratory birds. C．By adjusting themselves to the climate. D．By relying on animals on land. 3．How did González-Varo and his colleagues conduct the research? A．By analyzing related data. B．By conducting field research. C．By interviewing experts. D．By reviewing findings of previous studies. 4．What can we infer from Paragraph 4? A．Most plant species benefit from long-distance dispersal. B．The evolutionary history of different plants is similar. C．Plants with longer fruiting times adapt better when transported farther. D．Plant communities in different hemispheres will become less related phylogenetically. 5．What could be the best title for the text? A．Impacts of Climate Change on Migratory Birds. B．Different Ways to Redistribute Plants to New Climates. C．Plants Struggle to Keep Pace with Climate Change. D．Migratory Birds Aid the Redistribution of Plants to New Climates. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述植物如何通过迁徙鸟类的帮助来跟上快速的气候变化。 1．推理判断题。第一段中“The rapid pace of global warming and its effects on habitats raise the question of whether species are able to keep up so that they remain in suitable living conditions. Some animals can move fast to adjust to a quickly changing climate. Plants, being less mobile, rely on means such as seed dispersal (传播) by animals, wind or water to move to new areas, but this redistribution typically occurs within one kilometer of the original plant.(全球变暖的快速速度及其对栖息地的影响提出了一个问题，即物种是否能够跟上变化，从而保持适宜的生活条件。一些动物可以快速移动以适应快速变化的气候。植物的移动性较差，它们依靠动物、风或水传播种子等手段来转移到新的地区，但这种重新分配通常发生在原植物的一公里范围内)”提到了气候变化迅速，一些动物可以快速移动来适应快速变化的气候，但是植物移动性差，通常只能在一公里的范围移动，下文讲述了González-Varo关于“植物如何通过迁徙鸟类的帮助来跟上快速的气候变化”，所以文章提及快速变化的气候和其影响是为了给González -Varo的研究提供背景信息。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“González-Varo and colleagues report how plants might be able to keep pace with rapid climate change through the help of migrating birds.(González-Varo和同事报告了植物如何通过迁徙鸟类的帮助来跟上快速的气候变化)”可知，González-Varo的研究表明，植物是通过迁徙鸟类的帮助来跟上快速的气候变化，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段中“They analyzed an impressive data set of 949 different seed-dispersal interactions between bird and plant communities, together with data on entire fruiting times and migratory patterns of birds across Europe.(他们分析了一个令人印象深刻的数据集，包括鸟类和植物群落之间949种不同的种子传播相互作用，以及整个欧洲鸟类的整个结果期和迁徙模式的数据)”可知，González-Varo和他的同事是通过分析相关数据来进行研究的。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Perhaps the most striking feature of these inferred seed movements is the observation that 35 percent of plant species across European communities, which are closely related on the phylogenetic tree (进化树谱), might benefit from long-distance dispersal by the northward journey of migratory birds. This particular subset (小组) of plants tends to fruit over a long period of time, or has fruits that persist over the winter.(也许这些推测的种子运动最显著的特征是观察到，在欧洲群落中，与进化树谱密切相关的35%的植物物种可能受益于候鸟向北的长途传播。这种特殊的植物子集倾向于在很长一段时间内结果，或者在冬天保持果实)”可知，结果期较长的植物在长途传播时适应得更好。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第二段中“González-Varo and colleagues report how plants might be able to keep pace with rapid climate change through the help of migrating birds.(González-Varo和同事报告了植物如何通过迁徙鸟类的帮助来跟上快速的气候变化)”可知，文章主要讲述植物如何通过迁徙鸟类的帮助来跟上快速的气候变化。故选D。 题型03 阅读表达 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题. In 2019, the state of California was on fire. Alexandria Villaseor, who was 13 at the time, witnessed the destruction of Northern California’s Camp Fire, which would go on to burn more than 150,000 acres of land. Villaseor was scared. “That’s when I found out how important climate education was,” she reflected. “And just how much we lacked climate education these past couple of years.” Villaseor, at the age of 15, was determined to have a bigger conversation. She quickly realized the fight requires international, government-level changes. For her, what started as local concern turned into a year-long protest in front of the United Nations’ New York City headquarters and a global campaign for more compulsory climate education. She sat on a bench in front of the headquarters, begging for the world’s leaders to take climate change seriously. Her action received national attention, with millions of other students around the world joining in the movement. “It’s completely unacceptable not to learn anything about our planet and our environment in school, after all the young people would inherit the Earth.” Villaseor said, “That’s why I think that climate education is so important, and that’s why I focus a lot on it now.” Right now, Villaseor is working with the American Administration on its climate plan, which has promised to center on the needs of young people and communities most impacted by climate change. She even spoke at the 2021 Democratic National Convention. “This was definitely a huge moment when I realized that people were listening to the voices of me and youth climate activists.” Villaseor said. When she isn’t connecting with her fellow youth activists, Villaseor is like most other teens. “My favorite thing to do, of course, is sleep,” she said, “I like to read a lot. I like fantasy books, normally. I also like to write.” 1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us? (no more than 10 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．How did Villaseor make the world’s leaders attach importance to climate education? (no more than 15 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．How do you understand the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3? (no more than 15 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．When was the huge moment to Villaseor? (no more than10 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．What do you think of Villaseor? Please explain in your own words? (no more than 20 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．Villaseor realized the lack of climate education. 2．By starting a year-long protest to leaders in the UN and a global campaign. 3．Young people would take over the world. 4．When people listened to her and youth climate activists. 5．She is a determined girl. With her efforts, the climate education in school was taken seriously both locally and internationally. 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一个名为Alexandria Villaseor的女孩向联合国领导人发起为期一年的抗议，呼吁重视学校的气候教育问题。 1．考查主旨大意。根据第一段关键句““That’s when I found out how important climate education was,” she reflected. “And just how much we lacked climate education these past couple of years.” (“就在那时，我发现了气候教育的重要性，”她反思道。“在过去的几年里，我们多么缺乏气候教育。”)”可知，第一段主要告诉我们Villaseor意识到了缺乏气候教育的问题。故答案为Villaseor realized the lack of climate education. 2．考查细节理解。根据第二段关键句“For her, what started as local concern turned into a year-long protest in front of the United Nations’ New York City headquarters and a global campaign for more compulsory climate education. (对她来说，一开始是当地的担忧，后来变成了在联合国纽约市总部前长达一年的抗议活动，以及一场要求更多义务气候教育的全球运动)”可知，Villaseor通过向联合国领导人发起为期一年的抗议和全球运动让世界各国领导人重视气候教育。故答案为By starting a year-long protest to leaders in the UN and a global campaign. 3．考查词义猜测。根据画线部分句中“It’s completely unacceptable not to learn anything about our planet and our environment in school (在学校里不了解我们的星球和环境是完全不可接受的)”可知，学校里的年轻人应该了解我们的星球和环境，应该知道保护环境的重要性，因为年轻人是世界的未来，他们将接管世界，由此可知，第三段中带下划线的句子表示的是“年轻人将接管世界”。故答案为Young people would take over the world. 4．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段关键句““This was definitely a huge moment when I realized that people were listening to the voices of me and youth climate activists.” Villaseor said. (Villaseor说：“当我意识到人们在倾听我和青年气候活动家的声音时，这绝对是一个巨大的时刻。”)”可知，当人们倾听她和青年气候活动家的声音时，对她来说是一个重大时刻。故答案为When people listened to her and youth climate activists. 5．开放性试题。根据第二段关键句“For her, what started as local concern turned into a year-long protest in front of the United Nations’ New York City headquarters and a global campaign for more compulsory climate education. (对她来说，一开始是当地的担忧，后来变成了在联合国纽约市总部前长达一年的抗议活动，以及一场要求更多义务气候教育的全球运动)”和倒数第二段关键句“Right now, Villaseor is working with the American Administration on its climate plan, which has promised to center on the needs of young people and communities most impacted by climate change. (目前，Villaseor正在与美国政府合作制定气候计划，该计划承诺以受气候变化影响最严重的年轻人和社区的需求为中心)”可知，Villaseor是一个意志坚定的女孩，在她的努力下，学校的气候教育在当地和国际上都得到了重视，此题为开放性试题，答案言之有理即可。故答案为She is a determined girl. With her efforts, the climate education in school was taken seriously both locally and internationally. $