热点06 香港火灾后开展全国消防安全检查（热点专练）（天津专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

热点06 香港火灾后开展全国消防安全检查 内容导航 原文欣赏 词汇积累 限时实战 热点时文阅读 情境导入 高效科普：香港火灾后开展全国消防安全检查 话题词汇速记 聚焦话题，扩充语料库：particularly, immediate, risky, scale, inspection, visible, indicate, delay, target , construction, emergency, committee, nationwide, due to, under control 热点限时精练 模拟实战 巩固提升：完形填空1篇+阅读理解6篇+阅读表达1篇+应用文写作1篇 【背景速递】 2025年11月26日，香港新界大埔宏福苑发生重大火灾，火势从施工竹棚蔓延至7幢高层楼宇，造成惨重人员伤亡，是香港近年最严重的住宅火灾事故。事故源于易燃材料使用、消防设施老化、施工监管疏漏等问题，为全国消防安全敲响警钟。 为吸取惨痛教训、防范同类事故，国务院安委办紧急部署全国消防安全专项大检查，聚焦高层建筑、老旧小区、人员密集场所等重点区域，严查消防设施缺损、违规施工、通道堵塞等隐患，全面筑牢消防安全防线，保障人民群众生命财产安全。 【原文欣赏】 China has launched a nationwide inspection of fire hazards in high-rise residential and public buildings after a major blaze in Hong Kong killed at least 128 people, with about 200 others still unaccounted for, authorities said. In a notice issued on Saturday, the Work Safety Committee of the State Council instructed local governments to immediately carry out checks and fix problems in occupied residential towers, office buildings, hospitals and shopping complexes. The campaign aims to prevent accidents linked to renovation work, aging facilities and blocked evacuation routes, the committee said. The directive comes in the aftermath of Wednesday's fire at Wang Fuk Court, a residential estate in Hong Kong's Tai Po district. The blaze was first reported at 2:51 pm and quickly escalated to the city's highest alarm level, sending thick smoke billowing into the sky and spreading to seven of the development's eight apartment blocks. All visible flames were brought under control by Saturday. Initial findings indicate the fire started on lower-floor scaffolding and spread rapidly due to flammable insulation materials and bamboo structures used for exterior wall repairs. The buildings were undergoing maintenance at the time, and the outer surfaces were covered with construction netting and other combustible materials, investigators said. Under the new nationwide measures, checks will target risky renovation practices, such as unapproved construction, use of flammable insulation and hot work like welding in crowded indoor spaces. Inspectors will also focus on malfunctioning fire-fighting facilities, including fire hydrants, sprinklers, smoke-control systems and emergency exits. Problems such as piles of combustible debris, blocked escape passages and electric bikes parked or charged in hallways are also listed as common hazards requiring immediate attention. Local authorities have been told to combine self-inspections by building managers with random official checks. Hazards must be fixed without delay, and major issues will be subject to tighter supervision, the notice said. Severe violations will be punished. Officials said the campaign is intended to close safety loopholes and reduce the risk of large-scale tragedies, particularly in densely populated high-rise communities. 【译文赏析】 中国政府宣布，香港发生重大火灾造成至少128人死亡、约200人下落不明后，中国已启动全国范围的高层住宅和公共建筑消防隐患排查工作。 国务院安全生产委员会周六发布通知，要求各地政府立即对已投入使用的住宅楼、写字楼、医院和商场进行安全排查整改。 该委员会表示，此次行动旨在防范因装修施工、设施老化及疏散通道堵塞引发的事故。 该指令是在周三香港大埔区旺福苑住宅区发生火灾后发布的。 火灾于下午2时51分首次报告，迅速升级至全市最高警报级别，浓烟滚滚升腾至天空，并蔓延至该发展区八栋公寓楼中的七栋。 截至周六，所有可见火势均已得到控制。 初步调查结果显示，火灾始于低层脚手架，因外墙维修使用的易燃隔热材料和竹制结构而迅速蔓延。 调查人员称，事发时建筑正处于维护阶段，外表面覆盖着施工防护网及其他可燃材料。 根据新出台的全国性措施，检查将重点针对高风险装修行为，例如未经批准的施工、使用易燃隔热材料，以及在拥挤的室内空间进行焊接等热作业。 检查人员还将重点排查消防设施故障问题，包括消防栓、喷淋系统、排烟系统及紧急出口。 堆积的易燃杂物、被堵塞的逃生通道、以及停放在走廊或在走廊充电的电动自行车等隐患，也被列为需要立即处理的常见安全隐患。 地方当局已接到通知，要求将建筑管理人员的自查与官方抽查相结合。 通知称，隐患必须立即消除，重大问题将受到更严格的监督，严重违规行为将受到惩处。 政府人员表示，此次行动旨在堵塞安全漏洞，降低大规模悲剧发生的风险，尤其是在人口密集的高层住宅区。 【课标词汇积累】 序号 单词 / 短语 词性及汉译 例句及汉译 1 particularly adv. 特别；尤其；详细地 She is particularly good at English listening. 她尤其擅长英语听力。 2 immediate adj. 直接的；最接近的；立即的；目前的 We need to take immediate measures to stop the fire. 我们需要采取立即的措施灭火。 3 risky adj. 危险的；冒险的；大胆的 It’s risky to drive fast in rainy days. 雨天快速开车是很危险的。 4 scale n. 等级，规模；刻度；音阶；量程；天平 v. 攀登；到达… 顶点；去鳞 ①n. The project will be carried out on a large scale. 这个项目将大规模实施。 ②v. He managed to scale the steep mountain successfully. 他成功攀上了这座陡峭的山。 5 inspection n. 视察；检查 The workers are waiting for the safety inspection of the building. 工人们正在等待大楼的安全检查。 6 visible adj. 看得见的；可见的；显而易见的 n. 物质世界；看得见的事物；直观教具 ①adj. The stars are not visible in the daytime. 星星在白天是看不见的。 ②n. The teacher uses visibles to teach English grammar. 老师用直观教具讲解英语语法。 7 supervision n. 监督；管理 Children should play under the supervision of adults. 儿童应在成人的监督下玩耍。 8 estate n. 财产；遗产；房地产；状态；庄园 He inherited a large estate from his grandfather. 他从祖父那里继承了一大笔遗产。 9 indicate v. 指示；象征；显示；暗示，预示 v. 表明；指明 The survey results indicate that most students like online learning. 调查结果表明大多数学生喜欢线上学习。 10 delay v. 耽搁；推迟；延误 n. 耽搁；延期；推迟 ①v. Bad weather delayed the flight for two hours. 恶劣天气使航班延误了两小时。 ②n. There is a delay of 10 minutes for the train. 这趟火车晚点十分钟。 11 target n. 目标；对象；靶 vt. 把 ... 作为目标；瞄准 ①n. My main target this term is to improve my English score. 我这学期的主要目标是提高英语成绩。 ②vt. The company targets young people as its main customers. 这家公司将年轻人定为主要客户群体。 12 construction n. 建设；结构；建筑物；建造；构造；解释 The construction of the new school will be finished next year. 新学校的建设将于明年完工。 13 emergency n. 突发事件；紧急状态 adj. 应急的；紧急的；备用的 ①n. Call 119 in case of a fire emergency. 发生火灾紧急情况时拨打 119。 ②adj. We have prepared emergency supplies for the trip. 我们为这次旅行准备了应急物资。 14 random adj. 任意的；随机的；随意的 n. 随意；任意 adv. 随机地 ①adj. The teacher asked random students to answer the question. 老师随机叫学生回答问题。 ②adv. The names are chosen randomly from the list. 名字是从名单中随机选出的。 15 committee n. 委员会 The school committee will discuss the new rule next week. 校委会将于下周讨论这项新规定。 16 nationwide adj. 全国性的 adv. 在全国范围内 ①adj. It is a nationwide competition for high school students. 这是一场面向高中生的全国性竞赛。 ②adv. The news spread nationwide in a short time. 这条消息很快在全国传开。 17 due to 短语 因为，由于 The sports meeting was canceled due to heavy rain. 运动会因大雨被取消了。 18 under control 短语 处于控制之下 The fire has been brought under control by firefighters. 大火已被消防员控制住了。 19 exterior n. 外部；外表；外景 adj. 外部的；表面的；对外的；户外的 ①n. The exterior of the house is painted white. 房子的外部被漆成了白色。 ②adj. We need to repair the exterior wall of the building. 我们需要修缮大楼的外墙。 20 blaze n. 火焰；烈火；光辉；(光或色彩的) 展现；(感情的) 迸发；(动物面部的) 白斑；记号 v. 燃烧；发光；迸发；传播；在 (树皮) 上刻记号 ①n. A bright blaze lit up the dark night. 熊熊烈火照亮了黑夜。 ②v. Dry leaves blazed quickly in the fire. 干树叶在火中迅速燃烧起来。 21 large-scale adj. 大规模的；大比例尺的；大范围的 A large-scale charity activity was held in the city yesterday. 这座城市昨天举办了一场大规模的慈善活动。 22 residential adj. 住宅的；居住的 This is a quiet residential area with many green trees. 这是一个绿树成荫的安静住宅区。 23 fixed adj. 固定的；不变的；确定的 We have a fixed time for morning reading every day. 我们每天有固定的早读时间。 24 crowded adj. 水泄不通的；拥挤的；肩摩踵接 The subway is always crowded during rush hours. 地铁在高峰期总是拥挤不堪。 25 facilities n. 设施；设备；工具 The school has modern sports facilities for students to use. 学校配有现代化的体育设施供学生使用。 26 authorities n. 当局；官方 The local authorities have taken action to solve the traffic problem. 当地当局已采取措施解决交通问题。 27 be subject to 短语 服从；以 ... 为条件；遭受 This plan is subject to the approval of the school leaders. 这项计划需经校领导批准方可实施。 【话题词汇积累】 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、核心名词 Fire safety 消防安全 Fire accident 火灾事故 Hidden danger 火灾隐患 Safety inspection 安全检查 Crowded places 人员密集场所 Evacuation route 疏散通道 Fire exit 安全出口 Fire lane 消防车通道 Fire-fighting tools 消防器材 Fire extinguisher 灭火器 Emergency light 应急照明灯 Evacuation sign 疏散指示标志 Flammable materials 易燃材料 Dangerous chemicals 易燃易爆危险品 Rectification campaign 整治行动 二、关键动词及短语 Carry out inspections 开展检查 Look for hidden dangers 排查隐患 Remove hidden dangers 消除隐患 Fix problems 整改问题 Block fire lanes 堵塞消防通道 Occupy evacuation routes 占用疏散通道 Stop business for rectification 停业整顿 Impose fines 处以罚款 Start special campaigns 启动专项行动 Hold fire drills 组织消防演练 Report fires 报告火警 Learn fire-fighting skills 学习消防技能 Strengthen management 加强管理 Enhance supervision 强化监管 三、形容词及固定搭配 Fire-prone 易发生火灾的 Potential risks 潜在风险 Serious violations 严重违规 Up to standard 符合标准 Well-maintained 维护良好 Daily checks 日常巡查 Special rectification 专项整治 Fire safety awareness 消防安全意识 Emergency response 应急响应 Safe use of fire and electricity 安全用火用电 四、场景化表达 Three cleans and three closures “三清三关” One understanding and three skills “一懂三会” Fire safety training 消防安全培训 Illegal use of fire 违规动火 Escape obstacles 逃生障碍物 Regular maintenance 定期维护 Precautionary measures 防范措施 （建议用时：100分钟） 题型01 完形填空 An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8. It took some 75,000 lives, 1 130,000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. 2 overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed 3 the region, tended by international aid organizations, military ranks and aid groups 4 day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set 5 . Luckily, the season was mild. But with the 6 of spring the refugees will be moved again. Camps that 7 health care, food and shelter for 150,000 survivors have begun to close as they were 8 intended to be permanent. For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings 9 emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of 10 many as 10 people have had to shelter 11 a single tent and share cookstoves and bathing 12 with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,” officials say. “They are 13 of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start 14 again.” But most will be returning to 15 but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical 16 have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers 17 that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took 18 . And for the thousands of survivors, the 19 will never be complete. Yet the survivors have to start somewhere. New homes can be built onto the stones, bricks and beams of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to 20 again. 1．A．injured B．ruined C．destroyed D．damaged 2．A．Altogether B．Almost C．Scarcely D．Surely 3．A．among B．above C．amid D．across 4．A．working B．playing C．fighting D．climbing 5．A．out B．in C．on D．off 6．A．falling B．emergence C．arrival D．appearing 7．A．strengthened B．aided C．transferred D．provided 8．A．never B．once C．ever D．yet 9．A．puzzled B．contrasted C．doubled D．mixed 10．A．like B．as C．too D．so 11．A．by B．below C．under D．with 12．A．facilities B．instruments C．implements D．appliances 13．A．seeking B．dreaming C．longing D．searching 14．A．producing B．cultivating C．farming D．nourishing 15．A．anything B．something C．everything D．nothing 16．A．lines B．channels C．paths D．currents 17．A．account B．measure C．estimate D．value 18．A．aside B．away C．up D．out 19．A．reservation B．retreat C．replacement D．recovery 20．A．start B．remain C．survive D．end 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．A 9．D 10．B 11．C 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D 16．A 17．C 18．B 19．D 20．A 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了克什米尔地震给当地人民带来的破坏，以及幸存者在救援力量的帮助之下为开始新生活而进行的努力。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这场地震造成75000人死亡，13万人受伤，大约350万人处于无食物，无工作，无家可归的境地。A. injured受伤；B. ruined毁灭；C. destroyed破坏；D. damaged损害。根据常理可知，一般都是先介绍伤亡人数，前面介绍完地震造成的死亡人数，下面应该是指受伤人数。故选A。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：几乎一夜之间，大量的帐篷村在这个地区各处如雨后春笋般涌现，这些帐篷村由不分昼夜工作的国际救援组织，军事组织和救援队管理，在冬季来临之前为幸存者提供避难之处。A. Altogether完全地，总共；B. Almost几乎；C. Scarcely几乎不，简直不；D. Surely无疑；一定。根据句意可知，此处用almost强调时间之短。故选B。 3．考查介词词义辨析。句意：几乎一夜之间，大量的帐篷村在这个地区各处如雨后春笋般涌现，这些帐篷村由不分昼夜工作的国际救援组织，军事组织和救援队管理，在冬季来临之前为幸存者提供避难之处。A. among (三者或三者以上)之间；B. above超过，在……上面；C. amid在其中，在其间；D. across穿过，横穿。此处across意为“遍及，在各处”，across the region“在这个地区各处”。故选D。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几乎一夜之间，大量的帐篷村在这个地区各处如雨后春笋般涌现，这些帐篷村由不分昼夜工作的国际救援组织，军事组织和救援队管理，在冬季来临之前为幸存者提供避难之处。A. working工作；B. playing扮演，演奏；C. fighting战斗；D. climbing攀爬。此处指国际救援组织，军事组织和救援队的成员夜以继日地工作，其他三个选项很明显与语境不符。故选A。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：几乎一夜之间，大量的帐篷村在这个地区各处如雨后春笋般涌现，这些帐篷村由不分昼夜工作的国际救援组织，军事组织和救援队管理，在冬季来临之前为幸存者提供避难之处。A. (set) out出发，动身；B. (set) in到来，发作；C. (set) on袭击，攻击；D. (set) off动身，引爆。此处set in指（坏天气，黑夜等的）到来。故选B。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，这个季节气候很温和。但是随着春季的到来，这些难民们将不得不离开。A. falling下降；B. emergence形成，发生；C. arrival到达；D. appearing出现。前面提到这些帐篷村为难民提供过冬之处，接下来应该是指春季的到来。故选C。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为十五万幸存者提供健康护理，食物和避难之处的营地已经开始关闭，因为它们本来就没打算永久存在。A. strengthened增强，强化；B. aided帮助，救助；C. transferred转移；D. provided提供。这些营地应该是为幸存者提供健康护理，食物和避难之处而设立的，故选D。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：为十五万幸存者提供健康护理，食物和避难之处的营地已经开始关闭，因为它们本来就没打算永久存在。A. never永不；B. once曾经，一旦；C. ever永远；D. yet还，已经。根据上句But with the 　　6　　 of spring the refugees will be moved again.可知，这些营地已经开始关闭，说明它们建立之初就不打算永久存在。故选A。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于大部分难民来说，一想到要回去使他们情绪复杂。A. puzzled困惑的；B. contrasted形成对比的；C. doubled加倍的；D. mixed混合的。根据语境可知，此处他们复杂的情绪。故选D。 10．考查固定搭配。句意：成员多达10人的家庭不得不在一个帐篷下避难，与邻居共同使用炉灶和洗浴设施。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语as many as意为“多达”。选项 A. like，C. too和D. so均不能用于这个搭配。故选B。 11．考查介词词义辨析。句意：成员多达10人的家庭不得不在一个帐篷下避难，与邻居共同使用炉灶和洗浴设施。A. by通过；B. below在……下面，低于；C. under在……下方；D. with和，与。below表示“在……之下，在……的下游”，与介词above相对应，常指在某物体之下，但不一定在该物的正下方；under表示“在……之下”，通常表示位置处于正下方，与介词over“在……上方”相对应，比如：under the bridge在桥下。此处表示“在帐篷下”应用under。故选C。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：成员多达10人的家庭不得不在一个帐篷下避难，与邻居共同使用炉灶和洗浴设施。A. facilities设施，设备；B. instruments仪器，工具；C. implements器械；D. appliances家用电器。根据语境可知，此处是bathing facilities“洗浴设施”。故选A。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们都梦想吃到免费的新鲜的水果。A. seeking寻求，多用于seek for sth.“寻求某物”；B. dreaming梦想，dream of“梦想得到”；C. longing渴望，多用于long for sth.“渴望得到某物”；D. searching寻找，多用于search for sth.“寻找某物”。根据后面的介词of，结合句意可知选项B正确。故选B。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们想要回到他们的畜群中去，并开始耕作。A. producing生产；B. cultivating耕种；C. farming务农；D. nourishing滋养。结合句意可知，难民们想回去放牧耕种，此处cultivate只能作及物动词，而farm既是及物动词又是非及物动词，结合本句可知，此处空后无宾语，只能用farm。故选C。 15．考查代词词义辨析。句意：但是大部分人即将回去面对成堆的废墟。A. anything任何东西；B. something一些东西；C. everything一切；D. nothing什么都没有。此处为短语nothing but意为“仅仅，只有”。故选D。 16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在很多地方，电线还没有修好，道路也没修好。A. lines线路；B. channels水渠；C. paths道路；D. currents电流，水流。根据句意可知，此处为electrical lines“电线”。故选A。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：救援人员估计重建地震夺走的一切需要花费数年时间。A. account解释，导致；B. measure测量；C. estimate估计，预计；D. value重视。根据常理可知，对于地震这类造成的损失，只能用估计（estimate）这个词。故选C。 18．考查动词短语辨析。句意：救援人员估计重建地震夺走的一切需要花费数年时间。A. (take) aside把……拉到一边；B. (take) away夺走，剥夺；C. (take) up占据；D. (take) out取出。根据句意可知此处是指地震造成的破坏——地震从人们手中夺走的一切。故选B。 19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是对于数以千计的幸存者来说，恢复永远都不会结束。A. reservation保留，预订；B. retreat撤退；C. replacement取代；D. recovery恢复，复原。根据上一句Aid workers 　　17　　 that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took 　　18　　.可知，此处指恢复到以前的样子。故选D。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：春天来了，现在是重新开始的好时机。A. start开始；B. remain保持；C. survive幸存；D. end结束。本段第一句Yet the survivors have to start somewhere.给出了答案，在这里强调春天是开始这一切的好时间。故选A。 题型02 阅读理解 Passage 1 Established earthquake warning systems provide at best just a minute or two of notice, leaving little time for preparedness. Decades of searching for a better warning sign—changes in the geochemistry of groundwater, electromagnetic (电磁的) effects in the upper atmosphere, and even changes in animal behavior -have failed. Many question whether such a signal even exists. This situation may change soon, as recent research is providing a glimmer of hope for improved earthquake prediction. Researchers Quentin Bletery and Jean-Mathieu Nocquet from Cote d’Azur University in France collected data from over 90 earthquakes with magnitudes larger than 7 that have occurred in the past two decades. They focused on GPS station records near these quakes, which accurately captured land movement every 5 minutes with millimeter precision. They analyzed more than 3,000 time series of motion in the 48 hours leading up to the main ruptures (断裂). They noticed that, in the first 46 hours, the records showed no significant features. However, during the two hours immediately before the earthquakes, they noticed signs of increasing movement along the fault zones. Essentially, there’s a slip between plates causing the land above them to move in a measurable, horizontal direction. Could this be just a coincidence? The probability of this increase happening just before the quake and being unrelated is extremely low, and the researchers confirmed this by analyzing 100,000 random time windows in non-earthquake GPS data. The pattern occurred only 0.03% of the time in non-earthquake data. While this precursor (先兆) signal won’t be used for warnings anytime soon, officials from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) admit that this new study provides valuable insights into how to improve their warning systems— GPS data can grease the wheels of early earthquake warnings. The researchers admit they’re still a number of steps away from putting this precursor signal into use, particularly since detecting subtle slippage signals at individual faults requires more GPS stations, with GPS sensors that are 100 times more precise than those in use today. But the biggest problem is that many of the world’s earthquake regions have no instrumentation. “We can’t realize the detection at the scale of one earthquake, so we cannot make predictions.” Bletery said. 1．What remains a tough nut to scientists? A．Controlling the exact intensity of earthquakes. B．Finding a way to detect earthquakes in early stages. C．Measuring atmospheric changes during earthquakes. D．Identifying animals’ possible responses to earthquake. 2．What do the researchers find through their data analysis? A．The chance of main ruptures occurring in fault zones. B．The accuracy of GPS in recording land movement. C．The existence of a two-hour precursory phase. D．The horizontal slip within the first 46 hours. 3．Why did the researchers look at non-earthquake GPS data? A．To prove earthquakes have predicable features. B．To reveal the normal patterns of land movement. C．To show how environmental factors impact GPS data. D．To know how land motion develops into earthquakes. 4．What does the underlined part “grease the wheels of” in Paragraph 6 mean? A．Distinguish. B．Contradict. C．Overmatch. D．Facilitate. 5．What holds back the practical application of the new findings? A．The inaccessibility of precursor slip signals. B．The complexity of updating GPS equipment. C．The challenge of identifying earthquake regions. D．The inconsistent slip patterns of different earthquakes. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了法国研究人员发现地震前两小时断层带会出现可测量的移动信号，该发现为改进地震预警系统提供了方向，但目前仍存在技术和设备不足等应用难题。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Decades of searching for a better warning sign—changes in the geochemistry of groundwater, electromagnetic (电磁的) effects in the upper atmosphere, and even changes in animal behavior -have failed. Many question whether such a signal even exists.(几十年来一直在寻找更好的预警信号——地下水化学组成的变化、高层大气中的电磁效应，甚至动物行为的变化——都失败了。许多人质疑这样的信号是否存在。)”可知，科学家数十年来一直试图寻找更有效的地震预警信号（即早期检测地震的方法），但均以失败告终，甚至有人质疑这类信号是否存在。这表明找到早期检测地震的方法对科学家而言仍是难题。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“They noticed that, in the first 46 hours, the records showed no significant features. However, during the two hours immediately before the earthquakes, they noticed signs of increasing movement along the fault zones.(他们注意到，在最初的46个小时里，记录没有显示出明显的特征。然而，在地震发生前的两个小时里，他们注意到沿断裂带移动增加的迹象。)”可知，研究人员发现地震发生前46小时无明显特征，但在震前两小时，断层带会出现移动加剧的迹象，即存在两小时的地震先兆阶段。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“The probability of this increase happening just before the quake and being unrelated is extremely low, and the researchers confirmed this by analyzing 100,000 random time windows in non-earthquake GPS data.(这种增加发生在地震前且与地震无关的可能性极低，研究人员通过分析非地震GPS数据中的100,000个随机时间窗证实了这一点。)”可知，研究人员分析非地震GPS数据，是为了验证震前两小时断层带移动加剧的现象并非偶然，进而证明地震存在可预测的特征。故选A。 4．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在语境“While this precursor (先兆) signal won’t be used for warnings anytime soon, officials from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) admit that this new study provides valuable insights into how to improve their warning systems— GPS data can grease the wheels of early earthquake warnings.(虽然这种前兆信号短期内不会用于预警，但美国地质调查局的官员承认，这项新研究为如何改进他们的预警系统提供了有价值的见解——GPS数据可以……早期地震预警。)”可知，前文提到新研究为改进地震预警系统提供了宝贵思路，破折号后进一步说明GPS数据对地震早期预警的作用，结合“改进预警系统”的语境可推断，该短语应表示“促进、推动”之意。选项D“Facilitate()”意为“使便利、促进”，与此相符。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第七段“The researchers admit they’re still a number of steps away from putting this precursor signal into use, particularly since detecting subtle slippage signals at individual faults requires more GPS stations, with GPS sensors that are 100 times more precise than those in use today. But the biggest problem is that many of the world’s earthquake regions have no instrumentation.(研究人员承认，他们距离将这种前兆信号投入使用还有很长的路要走，特别是因为在单个断层处检测细微的滑动信号需要更多的GPS站点，而GPS传感器的精度是目前使用的GPS传感器的100倍。但最大的问题是，世界上许多地震地区没有仪器。)”可知，新发现实际应用的阻碍在于：检测断层微小滑动信号需要更多、更精准的GPS设备，而全球多数地震区域缺乏此类仪器，导致先兆滑动信号难以获取。故选A。 Passage 2 Almost every day, we learn of disasters of one form or another through the media. These include not just major disasters that affect large areas for a long time. A severe storm, an electric power breakdown, or a house fire can bring a personal disaster to an individual. This brochure aims to help you develop your personal preparedness plan. I. Stockpiling food and drink ● Drinking is more important than eating. Keep about 14 liters of liquid per person in stock for each week. ● No experiments. Your supplies should mainly consist of food and drink that you normally have. ● Ensure that your supplies can be stored for long periods of time without refrigeration and that most of them can be eaten cold. II. Emergency pack ● The aim of a disaster supplies kit should be to help you to cope with the possibility of having to exist for a few days outside of your house. Don’t take more for each family member than could be conveniently contained within the confines of a rucksack (帆布背包). A rucksack is more practical than a suitcase, as it allows you to have both hands free. ● The emergency rucksack should contain these items: — First aid materials, personal medication — Sleeping bag or blanket — Hygiene products for a couple of days III. Electric power breakdown ● Keep a supply of torches and candles, as well as spare batteries, matches or lighters in the house. Remember that batteries do not last indefinitely. Regularly use the batteries up and replace them. ● You can prepare smaller meals on a camping stove, one that can be operated through the use of charcoal (木炭) or gas. IV. Keep up-to-date in an emergency Floods or heavy snowfalls may lead to parts of the population getting cut off from the outside world. Information and warnings are important for survival. Those who are trapped can often only be reached by radio, television or the Internet. However, television and the Internet only work when there is electric power, which could fail. This leaves just the radio as the main warning device. V. About us The Federal Office of Civil Protection and disaster Assistance (BBK) was established in 2004 as a central organizational unit for civil security in Germany. The BBK is your reliable partner for emergency preparedness and self-help. You can find further information on our website. 1．The brochure is provided in order to _________. A．inform people about recent disasters B．provide tips on how to survive in a disaster C．encourage people to stockpile food and drink on a regular basis D．promote the Federal Office of Civil Protection and disaster Assistance 2．Which of the following descriptions about the rucksack is incorrect? A．It can conveniently hold the supplies each family member needs for a few days outside. B．It is less practical than a suitcase in emergency situations. C．It has an advantage that allows people to keep both hands free. D．It is used to hold emergency items like first aid materials and sleeping bags. 3．What does the underlined word “indefinitely” probably mean? A．permanently. B．briefly. C．carefully. D．suddenly. 4．What is the recommended device to receive warnings during a disaster? A．A laptop. B．A television. C．A mobile phone. D．A battery-powered radio. 5．The Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance is _________. A．a charity that collects donations for disaster victims B．a non-profit organization that provides disaster relief globally C．an international organization that coordinates disaster response efforts D．a government agency that prepares people for emergencies in Germany 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章是一份关于如何在灾难中做好个人准备的宣传手册，内容涵盖了储备食物和饮水、准备应急包、应对停电、紧急情况下的信息获取以及相关机构的介绍。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“These include not just major disasters that affect large areas for a long time. A severe storm, an electric power breakdown, or a house fire can bring a personal disaster to an individual. This brochure aims to help you develop your personal preparedness plan.(这不仅包括长期影响大面积地区的重大灾害。一场严重的风暴、电力故障或房屋火灾都可能给个人带来灾难。这本小册子旨在帮助你制定个人应急准备计划)”可知，这本小册子提供了一些在灾难中生存的建议。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据II. Emergency pack部分中“A rucksack is more practical than a suitcase, as it allows you to have both hands free.(帆布背包比手提箱更实用，因为它可以让你双手自由)”可知，在紧急情况下，帆布背包比手提箱更实用。故B项关于背包的描述“It is less practical than a suitcase in emergency situations.(在紧急情况下，它不如手提箱实用)”有误。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据III. Electric power breakdown部分中“Remember that batteries do not last indefinitely. Regularly use the batteries up and replace them.(记住电池不会indefinitely使用。定期用完电池并更换它们)”可知，电池需要定期更换，说明它们不能永远一直使用。由此可推测，划线单词indefinitely意为“永久地”，与A项“permanently”意思一致。故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据IV. Keep up-to-date in an emergency部分中“However, television and the Internet only work when there is electric power, which could fail. This leaves just the radio as the main warning device.(然而，电视和互联网只有在有电的情况下才能工作，而电可能会中断。这就只剩下收音机作为主要的警告设备了)”可知，在灾难中，建议使用电池供电的收音机接收警告。故选D项。 5．细节理解题。根据V. About us部分中“The Federal Office of Civil Protection and disaster Assistance (BBK) was established in 2004 as a central organizational unit for civil security in Germany. The BBK is your reliable partner for emergency preparedness and self-help.(联邦公民保护和灾害援助办公室(BBK)成立于2004年，是德国公民安全的核心组织单位。BBK是您应急准备和自助的可靠合作伙伴)”可知，联邦公民保护和灾害援助办公室是德国的一个政府机构，负责为人们应对紧急情况做好准备。故D项正确。故选D项。 Passage 3 Here’s how the Pacific Northwest is preparing for “The Big One”. It’s the mother of all disaster drills for what could be the worst disaster in American history. California has spent years preparing for “The Big One” — the inevitable earthquake that will undoubtedly unleash all kinds of havoc along the famous San Andreas fault (断层). But what if the fault that runs along the Pacific Northwest delivers a gigantic earthquake of its own? If the people of the Cascadia region have anything to do with it, they won’t be caught unawares. The region is engaged in a multi-day earthquake-and-tsunami (海啸) drill involving around 20,000 people. The Cascadia Rising drill gives area residents and emergency responders a chance to practice what to do in case of a 9.0-magnitude earthquake and tsunami along one of the nation’s dangerous — and underestimated — faults. The Cascadia Earthquake Zone is big enough to compete with San Andreas (it’s been called the most dangerous fault in America), but it’s much lesser known than its California cousin. Nearly 700 miles long, the earthquake zone is located by the North American Plate off the coast of Pacific British Columbia, Washington, Oregon and Northern California. Cascadia is what’s known as a “megathrust” fault. Megathrusts are created in earthquake zones — land plate boundaries where two plates converge (汇聚). In the areas where one plate is beneath another, stress builds up over time. During a megathrust event, all of that stress releases and some of the world’s most powerful earthquakes occur. Remember the 9.1 earthquake and tsunami in the Indian Ocean off Sumatra in 2004? It was caused by a megathrust event as the India plate moved beneath the Burma micro-plate. The last time a major earthquake occurred along the Cascadia fault was in 1700, so officials worry that another event could occur any time. To prevent that event from becoming a catastrophe, first responders will join members of the public in rehearsals that involve communication, evacuation, search and rescue, and other scenarios. Thousands of casualties (伤亡) are expected if a 9.0 earthquake were to occur. First, the earthquake would shake metropolitan areas including Seattle and Portland. This could trigger a tsunami that would create havoc along the coast. Not all casualties can necessarily be prevented — but by coordinating across local, state, and even national borders, officials hope that the worst-case scenario can be averted. On the exercise’s website, officials explain that the report they prepare during this rehearsal will inform disaster management for years to come. For hundreds of thousands of Cascadia residents, “The Big One” isn’t a question of if, only when. And it’s never too early to get ready for the inevitable. 1．What does “The Big One” refer to? A．A gigantic geological fault. B．A massive natural catastrophe. C．A large-scale exercise to prepare for disasters. D．A huge tsunami on the California coast. 2．What is the purpose of the Cascadia Rising drill? A．To increase residents’ awareness of upcoming disasters. B．To teach people how to adapt to post-disaster life. C．To cope with the consequence of a possible earthquake. D．To prepare people for a major earthquake and tsunami. 3．What happens in case of a megathrust earthquake according to the passage? A．Two plates merge into one. B．Enormous stress is released. C．A variety of forces converge. D．Boundaries blur between plates. 4．What do the officials hope to achieve through the drills? A．Coordinating various disaster-relief efforts. B．Reducing casualties in the event of a disaster. C．Minimizing property loss caused by disasters. D．Establishing disaster and emergency management. 5．What does the author say about “The Big One”? A．Its occurrence is just a matter of time. B．Whether it will occur remains to be seen. C．How it will arrive is too early to predict. D．It keeps haunting Cascadia residents. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了太平洋西北地区为应对可能发生的重大地震和海啸灾难所进行的“大灾难”演练及相关情况。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Here’s how the Pacific Northwest is preparing for “The Big One”. It’s the mother of all disaster drills for what could be the worst disaster in American history.(以下是太平洋西北地区如何为“大地震”做准备的情况。这是一场针对可能成为美国历史上最严重灾难的“灾难演练之母”。)”可知，The Big One指的是一场巨大的自然灾害。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Cascadia Rising drill gives area residents and emergency responders a chance to practice what to do in case of a 9.0-magnitude earthquake and tsunami along one of the nation’s dangerous — and underestimated — faults.(卡斯卡迪亚崛起演习为当地居民和应急响应人员提供了一个机会，让他们练习在发生9.0级地震和海啸时该怎么做，这次地震和海啸发生在美国一个危险且被低估的断层带上。)”可知，卡斯卡迪亚崛起演习的目的是让人们为可能发生的大地震和海啸做好准备。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“During a megathrust event, all of that stress releases and some of the world’s most powerful earthquakes occur.(在逆冲事件中，所有的压力都会释放出来，从而引发一些世界上最强烈的地震。)”可知，在发生逆冲地震时，巨大的压力会得到释放。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Not all casualties can necessarily be prevented — but by coordinating across local, state, and even national borders, officials hope that the worst-case scenario can be averted.(并非所有伤亡都一定能避免，但通过跨地方、州甚至国家边界的协调，官员们希望最坏的情况能够避免。)”可知，官员们希望通过这次演习，在灾难发生时减少伤亡。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“For hundreds of thousands of Cascadia residents, “The Big One” isn’t a question of if, only when.(对于成千上万的卡斯卡迪亚居民来说，‘大灾难’的发生不是会不会的问题，只是时间问题。)”可知，作者认为“大灾难”的发生只是时间问题。故选A。 Passage 4 Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space. This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest fires to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more frequently over the next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling. This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat. Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming. Ozone (臭氧) levels increased, and ash from the fire fell on far-off sea ice, darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling. “We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.” Scientists tracked the change in the amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results. Specifically, they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicted, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the earth. 1．According to the new findings, taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may ________. A．result in a warming climate B．cause the forest fires to occur more frequently C．lead to a longer fire season D．protect the forests and the environment there 2．The following are all the immediate effects after a forest fire EXCEPT ________. A．large amounts of greenhouse gases enter the atmosphere B．the levels of ozone which is a type of oxygen increase C．snow on the ground mirrors more sunlight back into space D．ashes from the fire fall on the ice surface and take in more radiation from the sun 3．Earlier studies about northern forest fires ________. A．analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate B．indicate that forest fires will pollute the atmosphere C．suggest that people should take measures to protect environment D．suggest that the fires will speed up climate warming 4．The underlined phrase “soak up” in the last paragraph most probably means ________. A．released B．absorbed C．created D．distributed 5．From the passage we can draw a conclusion that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia may ________. A．warm the climate as the supposition goes B．allow more snow to reflect more sunlight into space and thus cool the climate C．destroy large areas of forests and pollute the far-off sea ice D．help to gain more energy rather than release more energy 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了发生在阿拉斯加，加拿大和西伯利亚的北部大火对当地的气候所产生的影响，大火过后，树木都被烧没有了，会让更多的雪反射阳光进太空反而是让温度变低。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest fires to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions (这一发现表明，采取措施防止北方森林火灾以限制温室气体的释放可能会使北方地区的气候变暖)”因此，采取措施预防北方森林火灾可能导致北部地区的气候变暖。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段后三行“The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling. (然而，第二年春天，火灾区域内的土地比火灾前更明亮，因为覆盖地面的树木更少。地面上的雪将更多的阳光反射回太空，导致降温)”说明地面上的雪将更多的阳光反射回太空，这是大火的间接的影响，是在第二年春天的时候发生的事情，并不是immediate effects。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat. (其他科学家的早期研究表明，北部地区的火灾会加速气候变暖，因为燃烧树木和植物产生的温室气体会释放到大气中，从而锁住热量。)” 可知，北方森林火灾的早期研究认为火灾会加速气候变暖。故选D。 4．词义猜测题。根据划线单词后文“but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. (但是0.9瓦/平方米将被送回太空)”，此处转折连词but说明该词与send back该词相反的意思，故应该指“吸收”，因为send back指反射。划线单词所在句子的意思是：具体而言，他们确定，当火灾比预测提前20年再次发生时，地球每平方米燃烧的面积将吸收0.5瓦的温室气体，但每平方米0.9瓦的热量将被送回太空。所以，最后一段中带下划线的短语的意思是“吸收”。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二行“scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space. (科学家们发现，在那些被烧毁的树木允许更多的雪将更多的阳光反射到太空的地区，可能会出现降温现象。)”可知，阿拉斯加、加拿大和西伯利亚的森林火灾可能允许更多的雪将更多的阳光反射到太空中，从而使气候凉爽。故选B。 Passage 5 A wildfire in New Mexico, a state in the southwestern US, has burned for nearly two months, consuming more than 315, 000 acres of land — an area about the size of the city of Los Angeles. “With climate change, it seems like the dominoes are beginning to fall,” NASA hydrologist JT Reager told the BBC． “We get warmer temperatures, we get less rain and snow. The reservoirs (水库) start drying up, then in a place like the West of the US, we get wildfires.” In recent years, wildfires have wreaked havoc across countries including the US and Australia. These fires destroy homes and businesses, claim lives and also negatively impact the environment. As climate change worsens, global temperatures increase and so does the risk of wildfires. A recent report from the United Nations Environment Programme and GRID-Arendal, a partner organization in Norway, reveals that wildfires are becoming more frequent and severe. This is harmful to people around the globe. According to the joint UN report, it is estimated that the yearly “economic burden from wildfire for the United States is between $7. 1 billion and $347. 8 billion”. Another article published in Nature journal on April 19 found that wildfires have created seasonal pollution patterns in the northwestern US. Between 2002 and 2018, carbon monoxide (一氧化碳) levels increased every year for the month of August in the area. In 2019 and 2020, Australian bushfires displaced millions, filled the air with deadly clouds of smoke and killed thousands of koalas. Forest fires are common in China too. In the recent decade, the total number of forest fires in the country every year has increased to more than 2,000 cases, according to The Paper. Greater Hinggan Mountains (大兴安岭) is one of the important forestry bases in China. The National Forestry and Grassland Administration adopted mountain watchtowers, forest cameras and aerial drones (无人机) to prevent forest fires in the summer. 1．The author quotes Reager’s words in the second paragraph to ______. A．show the seriousness of the recent wildfire in the US B．list some environmental problems caused by wildfires C．explain how climate change contributes to wildfires D．provide possible solutions to wildfires around the globe 2．What does the underlined phrase “wreaked havoc” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Created pollution. B．Been out of control. C．Cause d great damage. D．Drawn much attention. 3．Wildfires are so common and fiercely because ______. A．global warming makes it easier to happen B．water in the reservoirs is drying up C．putting out wildfires costs too much D．Economic development burnden is high 4．How has wildfire affected the American Northwest according to the text? A．Millions of people have been displaced. B．It has caused seasonal patterns of pollution. C．It has led to around $7. 1 billion economic loss annually. D．Carbon monoxide levels have increased year on year. 5．What do we know about forest fire s in China? A．There has been over 2,000 cases in the last decade. B．Greater Hinggan Mountains experienced the largest one. C．They were not very common several decades ago. D．Measures have been taken to prevent them from happening. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了野火正变得越来越频繁、危害越来越大。 1．推理判断题。在第二段“‘With climate change, it seems like the dominoes are beginning to fall,’ NASA hydrologist JT Reager told the BBC. ‘We get warmer temperatures, we get less rain and snow. The reservoirs (水库) start drying up, then in a place like the West of the US, we get wildfires.’(“随着气候变化，多米诺骨牌似乎开始倒下，”美国宇航局水文学家JT·Reager告诉BBC。“气温升高，雨雪减少。水库开始干涸，然后在美国西部这样的地方，我们就会发生野火。”)”中，作者引用美国宇航局水文学家Reager的话是为了解释气候变化是如何导致野火的。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。第四段中“These fires destroy homes and businesses, claim lives and also negatively impact the environment. (这些火灾摧毁了房屋和企业，夺去了生命，还对环境产生了负面影响。)”具体说明了野火在包括美国和澳大利亚在内的国家造成了严重破坏，是对第三段“In recent years, wildfires have wreaked havoc across countries including the US and Australia.”观点的阐述，所以划线短语wreaked havoc为“造成严重破坏”之意。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“As climate change worsens, global temperatures increase and so does the risk of wildfires.(随着气候变化的恶化，全球气温上升，野火的风险也随之增加。)”可知，野火如此普遍和猛烈是因为全球变暖使其更容易发生。故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据第六段“Another article published in Nature journal on April 19 found that wildfires have created seasonal pollution patterns in the northwestern US. (4月19日发表在《自然》杂志上的另一篇文章发现，野火在美国西北部造成了季节性污染模式。)”可知，野火对美国西北部造成了季节性的污染模式。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The National Forestry and Grassland Administration adopted mountain watchtowers, forest cameras and aerial drones(无人机) to prevent forest fires in the summer. (国家林业和草原局采用了山地瞭望塔、森林摄像机和空中无人机来预防夏季森林火灾。)”可知，在中国已经采取措施防止野火的发生。故选D。 Passage 6 Most forest fires are caused by human carelessness or ignorance. Forest fire prevention, therefore, is mainly a problem of creating better understanding of the importance of forests, an awareness of the danger of fire in the woods, and a sense of personal responsibility to safeguard the forests from danger. This is not an easy job. Careless smokers are responsible for thousands of forest fires each year. Many of these are started when cigarette butts (烟蒂) and matches are thrown from automobiles. Others are caused by hunters, hikers, fishermen, or woods workers who are careless in disposing (处理) of their smoking materials. The Forest Service has posted rules in many of the National Forests that ban smoking except in certain designated (指示) areas. Many of the states have laws against throwing lighted materials from automobiles. The prevention of smoker-caused fires, however, depends upon changing the attitudes and behavior of millions of people who smoke in dangerous area. The most important natural cause of fire is lightning. This accounts for 11 per cent of forest fires on protected land for the entire nation. In the Western States, lightning causes a much higher percentage of fires than it does in the East.    Advances in knowledge of fire weather are helping forest protection forces to know when to be alert to lightning-caused fires. Adequate and well-equipped forces can control them quickly and hold the damage to a minimum. Experiments in “seeding” thunder clouds to prevent or control the lightning itself have been in process for many years, but new breakthroughs are needed for any significant reduction in the fires lightning starts. 1．This passage is chiefly about ________. A．smoking in forests B．changing the attitudes and behavior of millions of people C．the chief causes of forest fires and their prevention D．advances in knowledge of fire weather 2．Preventing smoker-caused forest fires is mainly a problem of ________. A．building the proper knowledge and habits in human beings B．safeguarding the forests from fire C．posting rules in forests D．holding the damage to a minimum 3．Lightning-caused fires can be controlled quickly by ________. A．holding the fire damage to a minimum B．people who have changed their attitude and behavior C．enough fire fighters with good fire-fighting devices D．carrying out experiments in “seeding” thunder clouds 4．“Alert to” (2nd line, 4th paragraph) most probably means _________. A．aware of B．watchful for C．responsible for D．busy with 5．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．It is difficult to prevent forest fires. B．Smoking is allowed only in certain forests. C．11% of the forest fires in the Western States are caused by lightning. D．Experiments in “seeding” thunder clouds have helped reduce lightning-caused forest fires. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。分析了森林火灾的原因主要是由于粗心的吸烟者所扔的烟蒂和闪电。并说明减少闪电引起的火灾的预防还需要完善。 1．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Most forest fires are caused by human carelessness or ignorance. Forest fire prevention, therefore, is mainly a problem of creating better understanding of the importance of forests, an awareness of the danger of fire in the woods, and a sense of personal responsibility to safeguard the forests from danger. This is not an easy job.（大多数的森林火灾是由人类的粗心和忽视造成的。因此，森林火灾的预防是理解森林重要性的主要的问题，也是对森林火灾危险的认识，更是保护森林的个人责任感。）”可知，本文主要围绕第一自然段展开讲森林火灾的原因以及预防，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The prevention of smoker-caused fires, however, depends upon changing the attitudes and behavior of millions of people who smoke in dangerous area.（然而，预防由吸烟者引起的火灾主要依靠改变在危险区域吸烟人的态度和行为。）”可知，预防由吸烟者引起的火灾主要是为他们传播知识并且改变他们习惯的问题，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Adequate and well-equipped forces can control them quickly and hold the damage to a minimum.（充足的、装备齐全的人力能够快速地控制火势的蔓延，并将伤害降低到最小。）”可知，由闪电引起的火灾能迅速控制下来，需要足够的消防员带着齐全的装备，故选C。 4．词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段“Advances in knowledge of fire weather are helping forest protection forces to know when to be alert to lightning-caused fires. （火险天气知识的进步能帮助森林保护人员了解到，什么时候应该注意由闪电引起的火灾。）”可知，如果森林保护人员拥有了火险天气相关的知识的话，就能知道什么时候可能会发生火灾，因此应时刻保持警惕火灾的发生，此处的alert to与watchful for意思相近，故选B。 5．细节理解题。由文章最后一段“Experiments in “seeding” thunder clouds to prevent or control the lightning itself have been in process for many years, but new breakthroughs are needed for any significant reduction in the fires lightning starts.（尽管预防和控制闪电的人工降雨实验已经进行了很多年了，但是仍然需要新的突破来减少由闪电引起的火灾。）”可知，预防森林火灾是很不容易的，尽管进行了很多年的实验，但是还需要突破来进一步预防和控制，故选A。 题型03 阅读表达 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题. After being evacuated (疏散) from her Florida home following Hurricane Michael. Amber Gee was attempting to get an idea of the destruction left behind when she discovered a sign of trouble. As reported by ABC News, Gee was using NOAA’s interactive aerial map (交互式航拍地图) to check the damage done to her and her family’s homes when she spotted the word “H-E-L-P” spelled out in the yard. The NOAA website allows those impacted in the hurricane to get a look at specific streets or homes by zooming in on (用变焦距镜头拉近) aerial imagery of the affected area. According to ABC News, Gee was looking at one of these photos when she noticed a cry for help spelled out in wood in the front yard of her grandmother’s Bay County home. Though her grandmother had evacuated, several other family members, including Gee’s uncle and his wife, had stayed behind. After spotting the message, Gee alerted (向……报警) Bay County Emergency Services, who went to the house and rescued those who were trapped in the residence. “Apparently, they had to cut through a lot of downed trees to get there,” Gee told ABC News. Her uncle, Ernest, had reportedly used wood from one of those trees to spell out the message. After the rescue, Bay County Emergency Services posted the incident on their Facebook page, writing, “This is an incredible story of how people are working together in this situation. Someone from another county was using the mapping app to check property in rural Bay County and noticed the word ‘help’ spelled out in the grass in wood. That person immediately contacted us and sent the picture and we dispatched emergency workers.” Meanwhile, Gee says she is thankful that she was able to use the mapping tool to get her family to safety. “The hurricane has turned everything upside down everywhere. Some were more fortunate than others. I’m just happy that everybody is safe and sound and, hopefully, soon we will all get through this together and recover from this storm,” she said. 1．What did Gee use the mapping app to do? (no more than 12 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．Who can look at the NOAA website’s aerial photos of the affected area?  (no more than 5 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．Who spelled out “Help” to cry for help?  (no more than 5 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．What does the underlined word “dispatched” in Para. 5 probably mean?  (one word) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．What lesson can you learn from this story? Please explain.  (no more than 25 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．To check Hurricane Michael’s damage to her and her family’s homes. 2．Victims of the hurricane. Or: Those affected/impacted in the hurricane. 3．Ernest. Or: Amber Gee’s uncle. 4．Sent. 5．We should not panic in the face of natural disasters; instead we should try every means to save ourselves. Or: Gee used the mapping app and saved her family with the help of Emergency Services, so we should make full use of modern technology. 【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章描述了一起在飓风过后，通过交互式航拍地图发现求救信号并成功救援的真实事件。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段“As reported by ABC News, Gee was using NOAA’s interactive aerial map (交互式航拍地图) to check the damage done to her and her family’s homes when she spotted the word “H-E-L-P” spelled out in the yard.(据美国广播公司新闻报道，当吉发现院子里拼写出“H-E-L-P”这个词时，她正在使用美国国家海洋和大气管理局的交互式航空地图检查对她和她家人的房屋造成的损害)”可知，Gee用地图应用检查飓风迈克尔给她和她的家庭造成的损失。故填To check Hurricane Michael’s damage to her and her family’s homes. 2．考查细节理解。根据第二段“The NOAA website allows those impacted in the hurricane to get a look at specific streets or homes by zooming in on (用变焦距镜头拉近) aerial imagery of the affected area.(美国国家海洋和大气管理局的网站允许受飓风影响的人们通过放大受影响地区的航空图像来查看特定的街道或房屋)”可知，受飓风影响的人可以查看NOAA网站上受灾地区的航拍照片。故填Victims of the hurricane. Or: Those affected/impacted in the hurricane. 3．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Though her grandmother had evacuated, several other family members, including Gee’s uncle and his wife, had stayed behind.(虽然她的祖母已经撤离，但其他几个家庭成员，包括吉的叔叔和他的妻子，都留下来了)”以及第四段“Her uncle, Ernest, had reportedly used wood from one of those trees to spell out the message.(据报道，她的叔叔Ernest用其中一棵树上的木头拼出了这个信息)”可知，Ernest，Amber Gee的叔叔拼出“救命”来呼救。故填Ernest. Or:Amber Gee’s uncle. 4．考查词义猜测。根据前文“Someone from another county was using the mapping app to check property in rural Bay County and noticed the word ‘help’ spelled out in the grass in wood. That person immediately contacted us and sent the picture(另一个县的人在使用这款地图应用查看海湾县农村地区的房产时，注意到树林里的草地上写着“help”这个词。那个人立即联系了我们，发了照片)”可知，看到有人需要救助，应是派出了紧急救援人员，推知dispatched意为“派送”之意，和sent意思相近。故填Sent. 5．开放性问题。根据第一段“After being evacuated (疏散) from her Florida home following Hurricane Michael, Amber Ge e was attempting to get an idea of the destruction left behind when she discovered a sign of trouble. As reported by ABC News, Gee was using NOAA’s interactive aerial map (交互式航拍地图) to check the damage done to her and her family’s homes when she spotted the word “H-E-L-P” spelled out in the yard.(飓风“迈克尔”过后，Amber Gee从佛罗里达的家中被疏散出来，当她发现有麻烦的迹象时，她正试图了解留下的破坏情况。据美国广播公司新闻报道，当吉发现院子里拼写出“H-E-L-P”这个词时，她正在使用美国国家海洋和大气管理局的交互式航空地图检查对她和她家人的房屋造成的损害)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了飓风过后，人们的应对方式，所以从本文中我们学到：面对自然灾害，我们不应惊慌失措；相反，我们应该尽一切努力拯救自己；结合Gee使用地图应用，在紧急服务部门的帮助下救了她的家人，所以我们应该充分利用现代技术来处理。故填We should not panic in the face of natural disasters; instead we should try every means to save ourselves. Or: Gee used the mapping app and saved her family with the help of Emergency Services, so we should make full use of modern technology. 题型04 应用文写作 假设你是晨光中学高三学生李津。你的英国朋友Chris在China Daily上看到一些中学生团体为甘肃地震灾区积极捐款捐物的新闻，向你了解你校学生参与类似活动的情况，并询问你校学生组织的其他大型活动。请你给Chris回一封电子邮件，介绍相关情况， 内容包括： (1) 介绍学生向灾区捐款捐物的相关情况； (2) 介绍学生组织的其他大型活动(如体育、文艺等方面)； (3) 你对参与校园活动的印象和感受。 注意： (1) 词数不少于 100； (2) 内容充实，行文连贯； (3) 开头结尾已给出，不计入词数。 参考词汇： 地震灾区 quake-affected regions 赈灾物资 relief supplies Dear Chris, I’m so glad to hear from you. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best regards, Li Jin 【参考范文】 Dear Chris,    I’m so glad to hear from you. I am delighted to share with you the recent initiatives undertaken by our school in response to the Gansu earthquake. Our students have actively participated in fundraising and collecting relief supplies for the quake-affected regions. Through various activities such as charity sales and donation drives, we have managed to contribute significantly to the relief efforts. In addition to disaster relief, our student organizations have been involved in organizing various large-scale events, including sports tournaments, cultural festivals, and charity concerts. These activities not only foster a sense of community within the school but also allow us to make meaningful contributions to society. Personally, I find participating in these campus activities incredibly rewarding. It’s heartwarming to see our collective efforts make a positive impact on those in need. I believe these experiences have not only enriched my high school life but also instilled in me a sense of responsibility and empathy. Best regards, Li Jin $ 热点06 香港火灾后开展全国消防安全检查 内容导航 原文欣赏 词汇积累 限时实战 热点时文阅读 情境导入 高效科普：香港火灾后开展全国消防安全检查 话题词汇速记 聚焦话题，扩充语料库：particularly, immediate, risky, scale, inspection, visible, indicate, delay, target , construction, emergency, committee, nationwide, due to, under control 热点限时精练 模拟实战 巩固提升：完形填空1篇+阅读理解6篇+阅读表达1篇+应用文写作1篇 【背景速递】 2025年11月26日，香港新界大埔宏福苑发生重大火灾，火势从施工竹棚蔓延至7幢高层楼宇，造成惨重人员伤亡，是香港近年最严重的住宅火灾事故。事故源于易燃材料使用、消防设施老化、施工监管疏漏等问题，为全国消防安全敲响警钟。 为吸取惨痛教训、防范同类事故，国务院安委办紧急部署全国消防安全专项大检查，聚焦高层建筑、老旧小区、人员密集场所等重点区域，严查消防设施缺损、违规施工、通道堵塞等隐患，全面筑牢消防安全防线，保障人民群众生命财产安全。 【原文欣赏】 China has launched a nationwide inspection of fire hazards in high-rise residential and public buildings after a major blaze in Hong Kong killed at least 128 people, with about 200 others still unaccounted for, authorities said. In a notice issued on Saturday, the Work Safety Committee of the State Council instructed local governments to immediately carry out checks and fix problems in occupied residential towers, office buildings, hospitals and shopping complexes. The campaign aims to prevent accidents linked to renovation work, aging facilities and blocked evacuation routes, the committee said. The directive comes in the aftermath of Wednesday's fire at Wang Fuk Court, a residential estate in Hong Kong's Tai Po district. The blaze was first reported at 2:51 pm and quickly escalated to the city's highest alarm level, sending thick smoke billowing into the sky and spreading to seven of the development's eight apartment blocks. All visible flames were brought under control by Saturday. Initial findings indicate the fire started on lower-floor scaffolding and spread rapidly due to flammable insulation materials and bamboo structures used for exterior wall repairs. The buildings were undergoing maintenance at the time, and the outer surfaces were covered with construction netting and other combustible materials, investigators said. Under the new nationwide measures, checks will target risky renovation practices, such as unapproved construction, use of flammable insulation and hot work like welding in crowded indoor spaces. Inspectors will also focus on malfunctioning fire-fighting facilities, including fire hydrants, sprinklers, smoke-control systems and emergency exits. Problems such as piles of combustible debris, blocked escape passages and electric bikes parked or charged in hallways are also listed as common hazards requiring immediate attention. Local authorities have been told to combine self-inspections by building managers with random official checks. Hazards must be fixed without delay, and major issues will be subject to tighter supervision, the notice said. Severe violations will be punished. Officials said the campaign is intended to close safety loopholes and reduce the risk of large-scale tragedies, particularly in densely populated high-rise communities. 【译文赏析】 中国政府宣布，香港发生重大火灾造成至少128人死亡、约200人下落不明后，中国已启动全国范围的高层住宅和公共建筑消防隐患排查工作。 国务院安全生产委员会周六发布通知，要求各地政府立即对已投入使用的住宅楼、写字楼、医院和商场进行安全排查整改。 该委员会表示，此次行动旨在防范因装修施工、设施老化及疏散通道堵塞引发的事故。 该指令是在周三香港大埔区旺福苑住宅区发生火灾后发布的。 火灾于下午2时51分首次报告，迅速升级至全市最高警报级别，浓烟滚滚升腾至天空，并蔓延至该发展区八栋公寓楼中的七栋。 截至周六，所有可见火势均已得到控制。 初步调查结果显示，火灾始于低层脚手架，因外墙维修使用的易燃隔热材料和竹制结构而迅速蔓延。 调查人员称，事发时建筑正处于维护阶段，外表面覆盖着施工防护网及其他可燃材料。 根据新出台的全国性措施，检查将重点针对高风险装修行为，例如未经批准的施工、使用易燃隔热材料，以及在拥挤的室内空间进行焊接等热作业。 检查人员还将重点排查消防设施故障问题，包括消防栓、喷淋系统、排烟系统及紧急出口。 堆积的易燃杂物、被堵塞的逃生通道、以及停放在走廊或在走廊充电的电动自行车等隐患，也被列为需要立即处理的常见安全隐患。 地方当局已接到通知，要求将建筑管理人员的自查与官方抽查相结合。 通知称，隐患必须立即消除，重大问题将受到更严格的监督，严重违规行为将受到惩处。 政府人员表示，此次行动旨在堵塞安全漏洞，降低大规模悲剧发生的风险，尤其是在人口密集的高层住宅区。 【课标词汇积累】 序号 单词 / 短语 词性及汉译 例句及汉译 1 particularly adv. 特别；尤其；详细地 She is particularly good at English listening. 她尤其擅长英语听力。 2 immediate adj. 直接的；最接近的；立即的；目前的 We need to take immediate measures to stop the fire. 我们需要采取立即的措施灭火。 3 risky adj. 危险的；冒险的；大胆的 It’s risky to drive fast in rainy days. 雨天快速开车是很危险的。 4 scale n. 等级，规模；刻度；音阶；量程；天平 v. 攀登；到达… 顶点；去鳞 ①n. The project will be carried out on a large scale. 这个项目将大规模实施。 ②v. He managed to scale the steep mountain successfully. 他成功攀上了这座陡峭的山。 5 inspection n. 视察；检查 The workers are waiting for the safety inspection of the building. 工人们正在等待大楼的安全检查。 6 visible adj. 看得见的；可见的；显而易见的 n. 物质世界；看得见的事物；直观教具 ①adj. The stars are not visible in the daytime. 星星在白天是看不见的。 ②n. The teacher uses visibles to teach English grammar. 老师用直观教具讲解英语语法。 7 supervision n. 监督；管理 Children should play under the supervision of adults. 儿童应在成人的监督下玩耍。 8 estate n. 财产；遗产；房地产；状态；庄园 He inherited a large estate from his grandfather. 他从祖父那里继承了一大笔遗产。 9 indicate v. 指示；象征；显示；暗示，预示 v. 表明；指明 The survey results indicate that most students like online learning. 调查结果表明大多数学生喜欢线上学习。 10 delay v. 耽搁；推迟；延误 n. 耽搁；延期；推迟 ①v. Bad weather delayed the flight for two hours. 恶劣天气使航班延误了两小时。 ②n. There is a delay of 10 minutes for the train. 这趟火车晚点十分钟。 11 target n. 目标；对象；靶 vt. 把 ... 作为目标；瞄准 ①n. My main target this term is to improve my English score. 我这学期的主要目标是提高英语成绩。 ②vt. The company targets young people as its main customers. 这家公司将年轻人定为主要客户群体。 12 construction n. 建设；结构；建筑物；建造；构造；解释 The construction of the new school will be finished next year. 新学校的建设将于明年完工。 13 emergency n. 突发事件；紧急状态 adj. 应急的；紧急的；备用的 ①n. Call 119 in case of a fire emergency. 发生火灾紧急情况时拨打 119。 ②adj. We have prepared emergency supplies for the trip. 我们为这次旅行准备了应急物资。 14 random adj. 任意的；随机的；随意的 n. 随意；任意 adv. 随机地 ①adj. The teacher asked random students to answer the question. 老师随机叫学生回答问题。 ②adv. The names are chosen randomly from the list. 名字是从名单中随机选出的。 15 committee n. 委员会 The school committee will discuss the new rule next week. 校委会将于下周讨论这项新规定。 16 nationwide adj. 全国性的 adv. 在全国范围内 ①adj. It is a nationwide competition for high school students. 这是一场面向高中生的全国性竞赛。 ②adv. The news spread nationwide in a short time. 这条消息很快在全国传开。 17 due to 短语 因为，由于 The sports meeting was canceled due to heavy rain. 运动会因大雨被取消了。 18 under control 短语 处于控制之下 The fire has been brought under control by firefighters. 大火已被消防员控制住了。 19 exterior n. 外部；外表；外景 adj. 外部的；表面的；对外的；户外的 ①n. The exterior of the house is painted white. 房子的外部被漆成了白色。 ②adj. We need to repair the exterior wall of the building. 我们需要修缮大楼的外墙。 20 blaze n. 火焰；烈火；光辉；(光或色彩的) 展现；(感情的) 迸发；(动物面部的) 白斑；记号 v. 燃烧；发光；迸发；传播；在 (树皮) 上刻记号 ①n. A bright blaze lit up the dark night. 熊熊烈火照亮了黑夜。 ②v. Dry leaves blazed quickly in the fire. 干树叶在火中迅速燃烧起来。 21 large-scale adj. 大规模的；大比例尺的；大范围的 A large-scale charity activity was held in the city yesterday. 这座城市昨天举办了一场大规模的慈善活动。 22 residential adj. 住宅的；居住的 This is a quiet residential area with many green trees. 这是一个绿树成荫的安静住宅区。 23 fixed adj. 固定的；不变的；确定的 We have a fixed time for morning reading every day. 我们每天有固定的早读时间。 24 crowded adj. 水泄不通的；拥挤的；肩摩踵接 The subway is always crowded during rush hours. 地铁在高峰期总是拥挤不堪。 25 facilities n. 设施；设备；工具 The school has modern sports facilities for students to use. 学校配有现代化的体育设施供学生使用。 26 authorities n. 当局；官方 The local authorities have taken action to solve the traffic problem. 当地当局已采取措施解决交通问题。 27 be subject to 短语 服从；以 ... 为条件；遭受 This plan is subject to the approval of the school leaders. 这项计划需经校领导批准方可实施。 【话题词汇积累】 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、核心名词 Fire safety 消防安全 Fire accident 火灾事故 Hidden danger 火灾隐患 Safety inspection 安全检查 Crowded places 人员密集场所 Evacuation route 疏散通道 Fire exit 安全出口 Fire lane 消防车通道 Fire-fighting tools 消防器材 Fire extinguisher 灭火器 Emergency light 应急照明灯 Evacuation sign 疏散指示标志 Flammable materials 易燃材料 Dangerous chemicals 易燃易爆危险品 Rectification campaign 整治行动 二、关键动词及短语 Carry out inspections 开展检查 Look for hidden dangers 排查隐患 Remove hidden dangers 消除隐患 Fix problems 整改问题 Block fire lanes 堵塞消防通道 Occupy evacuation routes 占用疏散通道 Stop business for rectification 停业整顿 Impose fines 处以罚款 Start special campaigns 启动专项行动 Hold fire drills 组织消防演练 Report fires 报告火警 Learn fire-fighting skills 学习消防技能 Strengthen management 加强管理 Enhance supervision 强化监管 三、形容词及固定搭配 Fire-prone 易发生火灾的 Potential risks 潜在风险 Serious violations 严重违规 Up to standard 符合标准 Well-maintained 维护良好 Daily checks 日常巡查 Special rectification 专项整治 Fire safety awareness 消防安全意识 Emergency response 应急响应 Safe use of fire and electricity 安全用火用电 四、场景化表达 Three cleans and three closures “三清三关” One understanding and three skills “一懂三会” Fire safety training 消防安全培训 Illegal use of fire 违规动火 Escape obstacles 逃生障碍物 Regular maintenance 定期维护 Precautionary measures 防范措施 （建议用时：100分钟） 题型01 完形填空 An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8. It took some 75,000 lives, 1 130,000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. 2 overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed 3 the region, tended by international aid organizations, military ranks and aid groups 4 day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set 5 . Luckily, the season was mild. But with the 6 of spring the refugees will be moved again. Camps that 7 health care, food and shelter for 150,000 survivors have begun to close as they were 8 intended to be permanent. For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings 9 emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of 10 many as 10 people have had to shelter 11 a single tent and share cookstoves and bathing 12 with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,” officials say. “They are 13 of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start 14 again.” But most will be returning to 15 but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical 16 have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers 17 that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took 18 . And for the thousands of survivors, the 19 will never be complete. Yet the survivors have to start somewhere. New homes can be built onto the stones, bricks and beams of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to 20 again. 1．A．injured B．ruined C．destroyed D．damaged 2．A．Altogether B．Almost C．Scarcely D．Surely 3．A．among B．above C．amid D．across 4．A．working B．playing C．fighting D．climbing 5．A．out B．in C．on D．off 6．A．falling B．emergence C．arrival D．appearing 7．A．strengthened B．aided C．transferred D．provided 8．A．never B．once C．ever D．yet 9．A．puzzled B．contrasted C．doubled D．mixed 10．A．like B．as C．too D．so 11．A．by B．below C．under D．with 12．A．facilities B．instruments C．implements D．appliances 13．A．seeking B．dreaming C．longing D．searching 14．A．producing B．cultivating C．farming D．nourishing 15．A．anything B．something C．everything D．nothing 16．A．lines B．channels C．paths D．currents 17．A．account B．measure C．estimate D．value 18．A．aside B．away C．up D．out 19．A．reservation B．retreat C．replacement D．recovery 20．A．start B．remain C．survive D．end 题型02 阅读理解 Passage 1 Established earthquake warning systems provide at best just a minute or two of notice, leaving little time for preparedness. Decades of searching for a better warning sign—changes in the geochemistry of groundwater, electromagnetic (电磁的) effects in the upper atmosphere, and even changes in animal behavior -have failed. Many question whether such a signal even exists. This situation may change soon, as recent research is providing a glimmer of hope for improved earthquake prediction. Researchers Quentin Bletery and Jean-Mathieu Nocquet from Cote d’Azur University in France collected data from over 90 earthquakes with magnitudes larger than 7 that have occurred in the past two decades. They focused on GPS station records near these quakes, which accurately captured land movement every 5 minutes with millimeter precision. They analyzed more than 3,000 time series of motion in the 48 hours leading up to the main ruptures (断裂). They noticed that, in the first 46 hours, the records showed no significant features. However, during the two hours immediately before the earthquakes, they noticed signs of increasing movement along the fault zones. Essentially, there’s a slip between plates causing the land above them to move in a measurable, horizontal direction. Could this be just a coincidence? The probability of this increase happening just before the quake and being unrelated is extremely low, and the researchers confirmed this by analyzing 100,000 random time windows in non-earthquake GPS data. The pattern occurred only 0.03% of the time in non-earthquake data. While this precursor (先兆) signal won’t be used for warnings anytime soon, officials from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) admit that this new study provides valuable insights into how to improve their warning systems— GPS data can grease the wheels of early earthquake warnings. The researchers admit they’re still a number of steps away from putting this precursor signal into use, particularly since detecting subtle slippage signals at individual faults requires more GPS stations, with GPS sensors that are 100 times more precise than those in use today. But the biggest problem is that many of the world’s earthquake regions have no instrumentation. “We can’t realize the detection at the scale of one earthquake, so we cannot make predictions.” Bletery said. 1．What remains a tough nut to scientists? A．Controlling the exact intensity of earthquakes. B．Finding a way to detect earthquakes in early stages. C．Measuring atmospheric changes during earthquakes. D．Identifying animals’ possible responses to earthquake. 2．What do the researchers find through their data analysis? A．The chance of main ruptures occurring in fault zones. B．The accuracy of GPS in recording land movement. C．The existence of a two-hour precursory phase. D．The horizontal slip within the first 46 hours. 3．Why did the researchers look at non-earthquake GPS data? A．To prove earthquakes have predicable features. B．To reveal the normal patterns of land movement. C．To show how environmental factors impact GPS data. D．To know how land motion develops into earthquakes. 4．What does the underlined part “grease the wheels of” in Paragraph 6 mean? A．Distinguish. B．Contradict. C．Overmatch. D．Facilitate. 5．What holds back the practical application of the new findings? A．The inaccessibility of precursor slip signals. B．The complexity of updating GPS equipment. C．The challenge of identifying earthquake regions. D．The inconsistent slip patterns of different earthquakes. Passage 2 Almost every day, we learn of disasters of one form or another through the media. These include not just major disasters that affect large areas for a long time. A severe storm, an electric power breakdown, or a house fire can bring a personal disaster to an individual. This brochure aims to help you develop your personal preparedness plan. I. Stockpiling food and drink ● Drinking is more important than eating. Keep about 14 liters of liquid per person in stock for each week. ● No experiments. Your supplies should mainly consist of food and drink that you normally have. ● Ensure that your supplies can be stored for long periods of time without refrigeration and that most of them can be eaten cold. II. Emergency pack ● The aim of a disaster supplies kit should be to help you to cope with the possibility of having to exist for a few days outside of your house. Don’t take more for each family member than could be conveniently contained within the confines of a rucksack (帆布背包). A rucksack is more practical than a suitcase, as it allows you to have both hands free. ● The emergency rucksack should contain these items: — First aid materials, personal medication — Sleeping bag or blanket — Hygiene products for a couple of days III. Electric power breakdown ● Keep a supply of torches and candles, as well as spare batteries, matches or lighters in the house. Remember that batteries do not last indefinitely. Regularly use the batteries up and replace them. ● You can prepare smaller meals on a camping stove, one that can be operated through the use of charcoal (木炭) or gas. IV. Keep up-to-date in an emergency Floods or heavy snowfalls may lead to parts of the population getting cut off from the outside world. Information and warnings are important for survival. Those who are trapped can often only be reached by radio, television or the Internet. However, television and the Internet only work when there is electric power, which could fail. This leaves just the radio as the main warning device. V. About us The Federal Office of Civil Protection and disaster Assistance (BBK) was established in 2004 as a central organizational unit for civil security in Germany. The BBK is your reliable partner for emergency preparedness and self-help. You can find further information on our website. 1．The brochure is provided in order to _________. A．inform people about recent disasters B．provide tips on how to survive in a disaster C．encourage people to stockpile food and drink on a regular basis D．promote the Federal Office of Civil Protection and disaster Assistance 2．Which of the following descriptions about the rucksack is incorrect? A．It can conveniently hold the supplies each family member needs for a few days outside. B．It is less practical than a suitcase in emergency situations. C．It has an advantage that allows people to keep both hands free. D．It is used to hold emergency items like first aid materials and sleeping bags. 3．What does the underlined word “indefinitely” probably mean? A．permanently. B．briefly. C．carefully. D．suddenly. 4．What is the recommended device to receive warnings during a disaster? A．A laptop. B．A television. C．A mobile phone. D．A battery-powered radio. 5．The Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance is _________. A．a charity that collects donations for disaster victims B．a non-profit organization that provides disaster relief globally C．an international organization that coordinates disaster response efforts D．a government agency that prepares people for emergencies in Germany Passage 3 Here’s how the Pacific Northwest is preparing for “The Big One”. It’s the mother of all disaster drills for what could be the worst disaster in American history. California has spent years preparing for “The Big One” — the inevitable earthquake that will undoubtedly unleash all kinds of havoc along the famous San Andreas fault (断层). But what if the fault that runs along the Pacific Northwest delivers a gigantic earthquake of its own? If the people of the Cascadia region have anything to do with it, they won’t be caught unawares. The region is engaged in a multi-day earthquake-and-tsunami (海啸) drill involving around 20,000 people. The Cascadia Rising drill gives area residents and emergency responders a chance to practice what to do in case of a 9.0-magnitude earthquake and tsunami along one of the nation’s dangerous — and underestimated — faults. The Cascadia Earthquake Zone is big enough to compete with San Andreas (it’s been called the most dangerous fault in America), but it’s much lesser known than its California cousin. Nearly 700 miles long, the earthquake zone is located by the North American Plate off the coast of Pacific British Columbia, Washington, Oregon and Northern California. Cascadia is what’s known as a “megathrust” fault. Megathrusts are created in earthquake zones — land plate boundaries where two plates converge (汇聚). In the areas where one plate is beneath another, stress builds up over time. During a megathrust event, all of that stress releases and some of the world’s most powerful earthquakes occur. Remember the 9.1 earthquake and tsunami in the Indian Ocean off Sumatra in 2004? It was caused by a megathrust event as the India plate moved beneath the Burma micro-plate. The last time a major earthquake occurred along the Cascadia fault was in 1700, so officials worry that another event could occur any time. To prevent that event from becoming a catastrophe, first responders will join members of the public in rehearsals that involve communication, evacuation, search and rescue, and other scenarios. Thousands of casualties (伤亡) are expected if a 9.0 earthquake were to occur. First, the earthquake would shake metropolitan areas including Seattle and Portland. This could trigger a tsunami that would create havoc along the coast. Not all casualties can necessarily be prevented — but by coordinating across local, state, and even national borders, officials hope that the worst-case scenario can be averted. On the exercise’s website, officials explain that the report they prepare during this rehearsal will inform disaster management for years to come. For hundreds of thousands of Cascadia residents, “The Big One” isn’t a question of if, only when. And it’s never too early to get ready for the inevitable. 1．What does “The Big One” refer to? A．A gigantic geological fault. B．A massive natural catastrophe. C．A large-scale exercise to prepare for disasters. D．A huge tsunami on the California coast. 2．What is the purpose of the Cascadia Rising drill? A．To increase residents’ awareness of upcoming disasters. B．To teach people how to adapt to post-disaster life. C．To cope with the consequence of a possible earthquake. D．To prepare people for a major earthquake and tsunami. 3．What happens in case of a megathrust earthquake according to the passage? A．Two plates merge into one. B．Enormous stress is released. C．A variety of forces converge. D．Boundaries blur between plates. 4．What do the officials hope to achieve through the drills? A．Coordinating various disaster-relief efforts. B．Reducing casualties in the event of a disaster. C．Minimizing property loss caused by disasters. D．Establishing disaster and emergency management. 5．What does the author say about “The Big One”? A．Its occurrence is just a matter of time. B．Whether it will occur remains to be seen. C．How it will arrive is too early to predict. D．It keeps haunting Cascadia residents. Passage 4 Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space. This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest fires to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more frequently over the next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling. This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat. Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming. Ozone (臭氧) levels increased, and ash from the fire fell on far-off sea ice, darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling. “We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.” Scientists tracked the change in the amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results. Specifically, they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicted, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the earth. 1．According to the new findings, taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may ________. A．result in a warming climate B．cause the forest fires to occur more frequently C．lead to a longer fire season D．protect the forests and the environment there 2．The following are all the immediate effects after a forest fire EXCEPT ________. A．large amounts of greenhouse gases enter the atmosphere B．the levels of ozone which is a type of oxygen increase C．snow on the ground mirrors more sunlight back into space D．ashes from the fire fall on the ice surface and take in more radiation from the sun 3．Earlier studies about northern forest fires ________. A．analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate B．indicate that forest fires will pollute the atmosphere C．suggest that people should take measures to protect environment D．suggest that the fires will speed up climate warming 4．The underlined phrase “soak up” in the last paragraph most probably means ________. A．released B．absorbed C．created D．distributed 5．From the passage we can draw a conclusion that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia may ________. A．warm the climate as the supposition goes B．allow more snow to reflect more sunlight into space and thus cool the climate C．destroy large areas of forests and pollute the far-off sea ice D．help to gain more energy rather than release more energy Passage 5 A wildfire in New Mexico, a state in the southwestern US, has burned for nearly two months, consuming more than 315, 000 acres of land — an area about the size of the city of Los Angeles. “With climate change, it seems like the dominoes are beginning to fall,” NASA hydrologist JT Reager told the BBC． “We get warmer temperatures, we get less rain and snow. The reservoirs (水库) start drying up, then in a place like the West of the US, we get wildfires.” In recent years, wildfires have wreaked havoc across countries including the US and Australia. These fires destroy homes and businesses, claim lives and also negatively impact the environment. As climate change worsens, global temperatures increase and so does the risk of wildfires. A recent report from the United Nations Environment Programme and GRID-Arendal, a partner organization in Norway, reveals that wildfires are becoming more frequent and severe. This is harmful to people around the globe. According to the joint UN report, it is estimated that the yearly “economic burden from wildfire for the United States is between $7. 1 billion and $347. 8 billion”. Another article published in Nature journal on April 19 found that wildfires have created seasonal pollution patterns in the northwestern US. Between 2002 and 2018, carbon monoxide (一氧化碳) levels increased every year for the month of August in the area. In 2019 and 2020, Australian bushfires displaced millions, filled the air with deadly clouds of smoke and killed thousands of koalas. Forest fires are common in China too. In the recent decade, the total number of forest fires in the country every year has increased to more than 2,000 cases, according to The Paper. Greater Hinggan Mountains (大兴安岭) is one of the important forestry bases in China. The National Forestry and Grassland Administration adopted mountain watchtowers, forest cameras and aerial drones (无人机) to prevent forest fires in the summer. 1．The author quotes Reager’s words in the second paragraph to ______. A．show the seriousness of the recent wildfire in the US B．list some environmental problems caused by wildfires C．explain how climate change contributes to wildfires D．provide possible solutions to wildfires around the globe 2．What does the underlined phrase “wreaked havoc” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Created pollution. B．Been out of control. C．Cause d great damage. D．Drawn much attention. 3．Wildfires are so common and fiercely because ______. A．global warming makes it easier to happen B．water in the reservoirs is drying up C．putting out wildfires costs too much D．Economic development burnden is high 4．How has wildfire affected the American Northwest according to the text? A．Millions of people have been displaced. B．It has caused seasonal patterns of pollution. C．It has led to around $7. 1 billion economic loss annually. D．Carbon monoxide levels have increased year on year. 5．What do we know about forest fire s in China? A．There has been over 2,000 cases in the last decade. B．Greater Hinggan Mountains experienced the largest one. C．They were not very common several decades ago. D．Measures have been taken to prevent them from happening. Passage 6 Most forest fires are caused by human carelessness or ignorance. Forest fire prevention, therefore, is mainly a problem of creating better understanding of the importance of forests, an awareness of the danger of fire in the woods, and a sense of personal responsibility to safeguard the forests from danger. This is not an easy job. Careless smokers are responsible for thousands of forest fires each year. Many of these are started when cigarette butts (烟蒂) and matches are thrown from automobiles. Others are caused by hunters, hikers, fishermen, or woods workers who are careless in disposing (处理) of their smoking materials. The Forest Service has posted rules in many of the National Forests that ban smoking except in certain designated (指示) areas. Many of the states have laws against throwing lighted materials from automobiles. The prevention of smoker-caused fires, however, depends upon changing the attitudes and behavior of millions of people who smoke in dangerous area. The most important natural cause of fire is lightning. This accounts for 11 per cent of forest fires on protected land for the entire nation. In the Western States, lightning causes a much higher percentage of fires than it does in the East.    Advances in knowledge of fire weather are helping forest protection forces to know when to be alert to lightning-caused fires. Adequate and well-equipped forces can control them quickly and hold the damage to a minimum. Experiments in “seeding” thunder clouds to prevent or control the lightning itself have been in process for many years, but new breakthroughs are needed for any significant reduction in the fires lightning starts. 1．This passage is chiefly about ________. A．smoking in forests B．changing the attitudes and behavior of millions of people C．the chief causes of forest fires and their prevention D．advances in knowledge of fire weather 2．Preventing smoker-caused forest fires is mainly a problem of ________. A．building the proper knowledge and habits in human beings B．safeguarding the forests from fire C．posting rules in forests D．holding the damage to a minimum 3．Lightning-caused fires can be controlled quickly by ________. A．holding the fire damage to a minimum B．people who have changed their attitude and behavior C．enough fire fighters with good fire-fighting devices D．carrying out experiments in “seeding” thunder clouds 4．“Alert to” (2nd line, 4th paragraph) most probably means _________. A．aware of B．watchful for C．responsible for D．busy with 5．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．It is difficult to prevent forest fires. B．Smoking is allowed only in certain forests. C．11% of the forest fires in the Western States are caused by lightning. D．Experiments in “seeding” thunder clouds have helped reduce lightning-caused forest fires. 题型03 阅读表达 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题. After being evacuated (疏散) from her Florida home following Hurricane Michael. Amber Gee was attempting to get an idea of the destruction left behind when she discovered a sign of trouble. As reported by ABC News, Gee was using NOAA’s interactive aerial map (交互式航拍地图) to check the damage done to her and her family’s homes when she spotted the word “H-E-L-P” spelled out in the yard. The NOAA website allows those impacted in the hurricane to get a look at specific streets or homes by zooming in on (用变焦距镜头拉近) aerial imagery of the affected area. According to ABC News, Gee was looking at one of these photos when she noticed a cry for help spelled out in wood in the front yard of her grandmother’s Bay County home. Though her grandmother had evacuated, several other family members, including Gee’s uncle and his wife, had stayed behind. After spotting the message, Gee alerted (向……报警) Bay County Emergency Services, who went to the house and rescued those who were trapped in the residence. “Apparently, they had to cut through a lot of downed trees to get there,” Gee told ABC News. Her uncle, Ernest, had reportedly used wood from one of those trees to spell out the message. After the rescue, Bay County Emergency Services posted the incident on their Facebook page, writing, “This is an incredible story of how people are working together in this situation. Someone from another county was using the mapping app to check property in rural Bay County and noticed the word ‘help’ spelled out in the grass in wood. That person immediately contacted us and sent the picture and we dispatched emergency workers.” Meanwhile, Gee says she is thankful that she was able to use the mapping tool to get her family to safety. “The hurricane has turned everything upside down everywhere. Some were more fortunate than others. I’m just happy that everybody is safe and sound and, hopefully, soon we will all get through this together and recover from this storm,” she said. 1．What did Gee use the mapping app to do? (no more than 12 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．Who can look at the NOAA website’s aerial photos of the affected area?  (no more than 5 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．Who spelled out “Help” to cry for help?  (no more than 5 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．What does the underlined word “dispatched” in Para. 5 probably mean?  (one word) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．What lesson can you learn from this story? Please explain.  (no more than 25 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 题型04 应用文写作 假设你是晨光中学高三学生李津。你的英国朋友Chris在China Daily上看到一些中学生团体为甘肃地震灾区积极捐款捐物的新闻，向你了解你校学生参与类似活动的情况，并询问你校学生组织的其他大型活动。请你给Chris回一封电子邮件，介绍相关情况， 内容包括： (1) 介绍学生向灾区捐款捐物的相关情况； (2) 介绍学生组织的其他大型活动(如体育、文艺等方面)； (3) 你对参与校园活动的印象和感受。 注意： (1) 词数不少于 100； (2) 内容充实，行文连贯； (3) 开头结尾已给出，不计入词数。 参考词汇： 地震灾区 quake-affected regions 赈灾物资 relief supplies Dear Chris, I’m so glad to hear from you. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best regards, Li Jin $